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Environmental
Toolbox for Deploying
Forces
Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) HQ, Joint Environmental Department
LtCol Hans-Björn Fischhaber Sustainability in Defense, Athen 10-11 June 2014 1
Proper awareness training tools do not currently
exist in as complete or integrated manner
Educate new personnel quickly and efficiently in
these matters prior to deployment
Standardize environmental requirements and
considerations in technical procedures
To save time and money
Why?
2
Product
=
Best
Practice
+
Guidelines and STANAGS
Target Group • Commanders and officers • Environmental Protection officer • Soldier/airman/sailors
3
Timeline and Working Method
4
New Orleans Meeting E2S2 – Conference May 2011
Stockholm Meeting August 2011
Boston Workshop March 2012
New Orleans Meeting E2S2 –Conference May 2012
Turku Workshop September 2012
Stockholm Workshop April 2013
Reviewers 2013
Conference calls
2012
Washington Meeting January 2013
D.C. Meeting SERDP – Conference November 2011
Google Drive
General Introduction
General Training
Module
Three target audiences:
Commander Awareness
Environmental Officer (EO) Awareness
Soldier Awareness
Technical Module
Subject-specific
training material for EO and
special target groups
Module Introduction
Solid Waste Management
Hazardous Material and Hazardous Waste Management
Water and Wastewater Management
Spill Prevention and Response Planning
Cultural Property Protection
Natural Resource Protection
Reference Module
References and additional
material
General References
Technical Module References
Examples of: - Checklists - Templates
Acronyms
About the Authors
Informational Aids
Click on appropriate box to access the corresponding file.
5
6
Notes
Advantages No additional treatment
Convenient
Disadvantages Expensive
Transportation cost/risk
Generates waste
Limitations Storage
Shelf life
7
Bottled Water Duration Suitability Index
Short Medium Long
60 days 60-180 days 180 days
WATER TREATMENT Reverse Osmosis
8
• Advantages
– Effective with all sources
– Removes all contaminants and pathogens
– Short start up time
• Disadvantages
– Energy inefficient
– Requires 3 units of raw water to create 1 unit of finished
– Requires specialized training
• Limitations
– Limited number of units available
Duration Suitability Index
Short Medium Long
9
Advantages Can handle all non-hazardous
waste types
Low air emissions
Disadvantages High capital cost
Labor intensive
Largest space requirement
Limitations Not viable for small forces,
short duration
Not viable in hostile environment
Siting distance from personnel and airfields
Engineered Landfill
Duration Suitability Index
Short Medium Long
9
10
General Design Considerations Must have an impermeable liner to prevent groundwater and soil contamination. Must have leachate and gas collection systems. Must not be sited within 3,050m of airfields to prevent the threat of bird strikes. A 4:1 ratio of waste to cover material is required. Daily cover is required to reduce risk from vectors and pests.
Limitations Force Protection, land availability and exclusion zones, base population, health concerns (vector-borne diseases)
Recordkeeping, Reporting Location, contents of waste, dates of opening/closure, pictures, amount, soil sampling, groundwater sampling
Capital Costs Impermeable liner, leachate and gas collection systems
O&M Requirements Manpower to compact solid waste, provide daily cover and construct cells
Transfer/Closure Requirements Three basic goals need to be achieved: 1) minimize the need for further maintenance at the site, 2) place the landfill in a condition that will minimize future environmental impacts, and 3) prepare the site for future use.
References • U.S. Army Engineer School and Regiment, Commander’s Handbook: Waste Management for Deployed Forces, April 2010 • U.S. Air Force Instruction, Waste Management, AFI 32-7042, 2010 • U.S. Army, Environmental Considerations, FM 3-34.5/MCRP 4-11B, Feb. 2010 • U.S. Air Force, Environmental Considerations for Overseas Contingency Operations, Air Force Handbook 10-222, Vol. 4 •U.S. Army, Sanitary Landfill, Technical Manual (TM) 5-814-5, January 1994 • U.S. Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Engineering and Design: Sanitary Landfill Mobilization Construction, Engineering Manual (EM) 1110-3-177, April 1984
Engineered Landfill
10
Level 1: HN or on-
site support for spill
response and
disposal of spill residue?
Meets mission
requirements?
Has minimal or no negative
impacts on local area or host nation?
Meets
protection
needs (risks minimized)?
Authorized
to use?
Initial Spill Prevention and Response Planning Considerations
Resource
efficient?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Go to next
level on the
hierarchy
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Notify
command
No Yes Level 5: Have all
other options
been assessed?
Follow or develop plan/ SOP
for implementation,
monitoring and evaluation
and transfer/closure (if necessary)
Yes
No
START
No No
No No
Meets standards
and applicable regulations?
No Yes Level 2:
Theater/Allied
/Contractor support
for spill response
and disposal of spill
residue available or upgradeable?
Level 3: Offsite
support for spill
response and
disposal of spill
residue available or upgradeable?
Yes
Level 4: Field
Expedient support for
spill response and
disposal of spill residue available?
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12
Good Hazardous Waste Storage in Field Conditions
Tarps and
sandbags as
secondary
containment,
netting and
tarps as
overhead
protection
13
Bad Hazardous Material / Waste Storage (Battery Storage)
Batteries leaked
acid, no secondary
containment
Battery placed on
top of crumbling
storm water drain
14
Good Spill Response Plan
Spill contained
Oil cleaned up using sand to absorb it Sand placed in lidded container
Without a direct order or imperative military necessity:
Do not climb on or deface any monument or site
Do not make first military use of a cultural site
Do not purchase artifacts, antiquities, or cultural heritage items
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What You Should NOT Do
If military needs dictate the use of a protected
site, these are examples
of bed-down protections
16
Ways to Protect Sites
REFERENCE MODULE: (Continued)
Examples of Checklists and Templates
Checklist for Environmental Closure Planning - From Environmental Guidebook for Military Operations, Appendix 8 - From US Air Force Handbook 10-222, Volume 4, Environmental Considerations for Overseas Contingency Operations, Attachment 9 - From Army Technical Publication 3-34.5, Environmental Considerations (revision)
For more Checklists and Templates, click here Table of Contents
Template for Environmental Site Closure Survey Report - From Environmental Guidebook for Military Operations, Appendix 13 - From Army Technical Publication 3-34.5, Environmental Considerations (revision)
Template for an Environmental Conditions Report - From Environmental Guidebook for Military Operations, Appendix 6 - From US Air Force Handbook 10-222, Volume 4, Environmental Considerations for Overseas Contingency Operations, Attachment 3 - From Army Technical Publication 3-34.5, Environmental Considerations (revision)
Practices and Lessons Learned Checklist of an Environmental Officer from Environmental Guidebook for Military Operations, Appendix 14
Template for an Environmental After Action Report from Environmental Guidebook for Military Operations, Appendix 15
Examples of Checklists and Templates – 2 of 4
Reference
17
SAF Use of the CD
• EU Nordic battle group NBG 2015 ( Ireland; Finland; Norway; Estonia; Lithuania; Latvia;
Sweden)
• UN (SAF) MINUSMA • Training of SAF Environmental
and Healthofficers
May 2014
18
Questions?
Point of Contact
• US: Susan Clark-Sestak at
• Finland: Sami Heikkilä at
• Sweden: Hans-Björn Fischhaber at
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