Enzymes All chemical reactions convert All chemical reactions convert reactantsreactants

to to productsproducts..

Ex. 2 Ex. 2 HClHCl + Mg + Mg MgCl MgCl22 + H + H22

Enzymes are a class of Enzymes are a class of proteinprotein..

The job of an enzyme is to The job of an enzyme is to catalyze a catalyze a reaction (help it get started)reaction (help it get started)..

Enzymes lower the amount of Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed to get the reaction energy needed to get the reaction going – going – activation energy.activation energy.

Examples DNA polymerase – makes DNADNA polymerase – makes DNA

Rennin – curdles milk proteinRennin – curdles milk protein

Lipase – breaks down fatsLipase – breaks down fats

Protease – breaks down proteinsProtease – breaks down proteins

Usually end with “Usually end with “-ase-ase””

How do enzymes work?

The material that an enzyme works on The material that an enzyme works on is called ais called a substrate.substrate.

Enzymes work like a Enzymes work like a lock and keylock and key – must – must have right enzyme for each substrate.have right enzyme for each substrate.

How do enzymes work?

The The active site active site on the enzyme is what binds to the substrate. on the enzyme is what binds to the substrate. Why enzymes?Why enzymes?

Specificness and Reusing enzymesSpecificness and Reusing enzymes

Enzyme Shape The shape of each protein is determined by the The shape of each protein is determined by the

sequence sequence of of amino acids amino acids used to make that used to make that protein.protein.

Just as for proteins, shape is Just as for proteins, shape is extremely extremely importantimportant..

If proteins/enzymes don’t have the correct If proteins/enzymes don’t have the correct temperaturetemperature, , pHpH, or , or salt concentrationsalt concentration, they will , they will lose their shape or lose their shape or denaturedenature and not be able to and not be able to function.function.

DenaturingDenaturing

http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

Tutorial activity

Competitive Inhibition In a process called In a process called competitivecompetitive

inhibitioninhibition, molecules that fit the , molecules that fit the active site can prevent the enzyme active site can prevent the enzyme from working.from working.