eqspertis azri

nodar xarSilaZe

Tornike SaraSeniZe

Tavdacvis reformis arsi da safuZvlebi

ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉGEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

2014

25

publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT.

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2014 weli

ISSN 1512-4835 ISBN 978-9941-0-6918-5

Sesavali: reforma da Tavdacvis sfero

reformis cneba (am terminis Tanamedrove gagebiT) me-20 saukunis meore naxevarSi damkvidrda. am dros reformebis gatareba masobrivad daiwyes didma amerikulma korpora-ciebma, romlebic miznad ubralod xarjebis Semcirebasa da Semosavlebis gazrdas isaxavdnen. reformebiT daintereseba TandaTanobiT gaizarda da saukunis bolosken kerZo seq-tori cvlilebebis namdvilma bumma moicva. reforma, ro-melic pirdapiri TargmaniT raimes formis Secvlas niSnavs, modur terminad iqca (dRes aseve modaSia termini transfor-macia, rac zustad imaves niSnavs, oRond ufro lamazad JR-ers). cxadia, moTxovnasTan erTad gaCnda miwodebac _ uamravi didi da patara sakonsultacio kompania, romlebic iZlevian rCevas, Tu rogor unda gaakeToT esa Tu is saqme da rogor gaataroT reforma Tqvens organizaciaSi, romelsac Tqvenze ukeT aravin icnobs.

reforma, cota dagvianebiT, magram Zalian aqtiurad da sakmao warmatebiT, aitaca saxelmwifo seqtorma, gansa-kuTrebiT ki amerikis samxedro struqturebma da, pirvel rigSi, Tavdacvis departamentma. usafrTxoebis seqtorSi meore msoflio omis Semdeg reformis cneba masobrivad dam-kvidrda. imave periodSi evropis qveynebsa da aSS-Si Tavdac-vis saministroebis modelebi Semovida, romlebmac Caanacv-les omamde arsebuli omis saministroebi. reformis pirveli da gaxmaurebuli magaliTia aSS-is Tavdacvis departamentSi Tavdacvis mdivan maknamaras mier ganxorcielebuli cvli-leba, romlis Sedegadac metad konservatiul da daxurul samxedro uwyebaSi samoqalaqo ofisi Seiqmna _ `Tavdacvis mdivnis ofisi~ da romelic Tavdacvis uwyebis erT-erT um-niSvnelovanes rgolad iqca.

aq bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: ratom gatarda reforme-bi yvelaze farTod maincdamainc samxedro seqtorSi da ro-gor moxerxda iq warmatebis miRweva? es xom tradiciulad Caketili da konservatoruli uwyebaa da misi reformireba ioli saqme ver iqneba. magram saqme isaa, rom mecnierulma progresma meore msoflio omis Semdeg mniSvnelovnad Secv-ala samxedro tradiciuli xedva da aiZula samxedroebi da,

3

miT umetes, samoqalaqo politikosebi, yvelaferi gadae-fasebinaT. konkretulad, meore msoflio omis Semdeg samx-edro-politikuri mdgomareoba atomuri iaraRis fenomens daeyrdno, romelic samxedro dapirispirebis dros balansis gasaTvlelad umniSvnelovanesi faqtori gaxda. arc manamde da arc mere (anu dRevandlamde) arc erT sxva iaraRs ar uTa-maSia aseTi masStabis roli samxedro-politikuri balansis cvlilebaSi. aman, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvia bunebrivi cvlileba samxedro-strategiul azrovnebaSi da saWiro gaxada axali midgomebis SemuSaveba, romlebic axali amocanebis gadaWras unda moxmareboda.

sityva reforma ara marto aSS-is, aramed mTeli Crdil-oatlantikuri aliansisaTvis iqca metad aqtualur termi-nad. ukve natos Zalian bevri wevri-saxelmwifo acnobierebda cvlilebebis saWiroebas, romlebic ganxorcielda kidec, zogjer warmatebiT, zogjer _ arc ise, magram TviTon am procesma saboloo jamSi dasavleTs udavod didi progresi moutana. es gamoixateboda imaSi, rom natoeli samxedroebi ara marto teqnologiurad sjobdnen sabWoelebs, aramed aseve intelqtualurad, mentalurad da profesiulad. sab-WoTa kavSiris samarTalmemkvidre, ruseTis armia, jer kidev sabWoTa doqtrinaze gazrdili, meore msoflio omis mental-itetis oficrebiTaa dakompleqtebuli, dasavleli serJan-tebi da oficrebi ki Tanamedrove samxedro menejerebi arian strategiuli xedviTa da TavianTi saqmis idealuri codniT. es swored reformebis damsaxurebaa.

dasavleTis mier miRweuli am progresis miuxeda-vad, sadReisod Tundac misi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis unari-anobis Sefaseba ioli ar aris. saqme isaa, rom produqti, romelsac SeiaraRebuli Zalebi awarmoebs _ usafrTxoeba _ sakmaod rTulad izomeba, gansakuTrebiT axla, 21-e sauku-neSi, rodesac aRar mimdinareobs globaluri konfliqtebi. dRes msoflios didi nawilisaTvis ZiriTad gamowvevas ara-konvenciuri safrTxeebi warmoadgens, ris mixedviTac metad rTulia gazomo jaris qmediToba. amrigad, bevri qveyana xar-javs uzarmazar Tanxebs uwyebaze, romlis warmatebis xarisx-is gazomva Znelia. rTuli saTqmelia, rogor iomebs ama Tu im saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebi, roca mas SeiaraRebul

4

konfliqtSi Cabma an arakonvenciur safrTxesTan gamklaveba mouwevs. ar arsebobs aranairi garantia, rom igi momzade-buli Sexvdeba yvela safrTxesa da problemas, romlebic am dros iCens Tavs.

aqedan gamomdinare, kidev ufro aSkara xdeba, rom Sei-araRebuli Zalebisa da mTlianad usafrTxoebis seqtoris re-forma da ganviTareba yoveli saxelmwifos umniSvnelovanesi da uwyveti amocana unda iyos. rac ar unda simaRleebs miaR-wios SeiaraRebulma Zalebma (rogorc es moxda dasavleTSi), maTi reformireba ar unda Sewydes, radgan arsebobs Zalian didi riski, rom raRac momentSi igi sabediswerod CamorCe-ba, mxars ver aubams msoflioSi mimdinare cvlilebebs da sruliad moumzadebeli Sexvdeba konfliqts. ra Tqma unda, omi yovelTvis savsea siurprizebiT da yvela problemisaT-vis verc erTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebi ver iqneba idealurad momzadebuli, magram met-naklebad swori da efeqturi re-formis gatarebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia problemaTa um-ravlesobis aRmofxvra da riskebis minimalizacia. mokled, reformebis garda sxva gza ubralod ar arsebobs.

bevri SeiZleba viusaubroT samxedro reformis mize-zebsa da Sedegebze, magram am naSromSi ufro reformis fi-losofiur arsze SevCerdebiT, Tavdacvis da usafrTxoebis magaliTebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

rogorc viciT, SeiaraRebuli Zalebi istoriulad iyo da rCeba erT-erT yvelaze ufro did da ZviradRirebul or-ganizaciad saxelmwifoSi. dReisaTvis msoflio SeiaraRebul Zalebze jamSi 1,75 trilion dolars xarjavs, rac msoflio mTliani Sida produqtis daaxloebiT 2,5%-ia. es bevrad aRe-mateba iseT dargebSi daxarjul Tanxebs, rogoricaa gana-Tleba, mecniereba, kultura da a.S.

miuxedavad masStaburi danaxarjebisa, nebismieri samx-edro uwyeba yovelTvis ufro da ufro mets moiTxovs xolme. samxedroebis azriT, yovelTvis moiZebneba axali teqnologia an aRWurviloba, romelic maT aucileblad unda hqondeT. `arasakmarisi biujeti~ SeiaraRebuli Zalebis albaT yvelaze ufro metad sayvareli terminia. aqedan cxadi xdeba, rom Tav-dacvis sferoSi gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania resursebis efeqtiani xarjva. reformis mizani ki, rogorc ukve vTqviT,

5

sxva araferia, Tu ara xarjebis Semcireba da Sedegis maqsi-malizacia. warmatebuli reforma biujetis klebis dros da-naxarjebis SedarebiT umtkivneulod Semcirebis saSuale-bas iZleva (sasurvelia imave SesaZleblobebis SenarCunebiT), biujetis zrdis dros ki _ arsebuli SesaZleblobebis zrdi-sa da axlis damatebis.

reformis ZiriTadi filosofiuri arsi am or cnebas _ SesaZleblobasa da xarjebs _ ukavSirdeba da misi mizania naklebi resursiT meti SesaZleblobis miReba. Tumca praq-tikul ganzomilebaSi reforma/transformacia SesaZloa bev-rad ufro pragmatul mizans moicavdes da sxvadasxva kompo-nentebad iyofodes:

- marTvis sistemis srulyofa

- drois dazogva

- personalis muSaobis margi qmedebis koeficientis gazrda

- romelime SesaZleblobis modernizacia/avtomatizacia

- axali sistemis danergva

- Zveli sistemis gauqmeba/likvidacia

reformis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas ramdenime ZiriTadi faqtori sWirdeba. esenia: politikuri neba, stabi-luroba, adamianuri resursi, organizaciuli neba da swori lokalizacia.

politikuri neba da stabiluroba

es aris politikuri xelmZRvanelobis survili, ganax-orcielos cvlileba da mxari dauWiros warmatebis misaRwevad aucilebel qmedebebs. politikuri neba saWiroa reformis da-sawyebad da procesis warmatebiT dasrulebisaTvis. igi icavs reformis process SesaZlo gare mavne efeqtebisagan. zogier-Ti reforma moiTxovs sakmaod mtkivneuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebas, rogorebic SeiZleba iyos calkeuli samsaxurebis sruli gauqmeba an radikaluri Semcireba, rac bunebrivad iwvevs iq momuSave xalxis nawilis an umravleobis umuSev-robas. sxva SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba iyos romelime mimdinare proeqtis SeCereba an sruli gauqmeba, ramac SeiZleba gana-pirobos Semsrulebeli/kontraqtori organizaciebis ukve

6

aRebuli finansuri uflebebis gadaxedva. orive SemTxvevaSi adamianebi da organizaciebi ar miiReben upretenziod maTi statusis Secvlas da xSirad TavianTi uflebebis aRdgenas ecdebian. politikuri neba saWiroa, raTa miuxedavad iurid-iuli, socialuri Tu finansuri zewolisa, gagrZeldes mt-kivneuli, magram reformisaTvis aucielebeli cvlilebebi gatareba.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania stabiluroba. Tu politi-kuri neba gare faqtorebisgan icavs process, stabiluroba aucielebelia Sida faqtorebisagan dasacavad. organizaciis maRal eSelonebSi cvlilebebis dros xSirad axlad mosul mmarTvelebs aqvT sakuTari warmodgena imaze, Tu rogori unda iyos organizaciis marTvisa da muSaobis aspeqtebi, rac SeiZleba kardinalurad gansxvavdebodes misi winamorbedis ideebisagan. es garkveul etapze misaRebi da aucilebelic aris, Tumca xSiri cvlilebebis dros uwyeba ver aswrebs am-deni axali ideis SeTavsebas da xdeba ise, rom erTi daum-Tavrebeli reformidan meoreze gadadis. Sedegad reformis mimarTuleba icvleba xSirad da uSedegod, mimdinareobs cv-ladi procesebi, Sedegi ki ar aris.

xSiria magaliTebi, roca reformis Catarebas iwyebs romelime konkretuli uwyebis xelmZRvaneli, magram mas Tanamdebobis datoveba reformis ganxorcielebis periodSi uwevs (ise, rom mis bolomde miyvanas ver aswrebs), mis nacv-lad daniSnuli axali xelmZRvaneli ki reformas an ubralod wyvets, an ar mihyavs bolomde, an misdami aranair interess ar iCens. aseTi ramis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa reformis meTvalyureoba „ufro zemodan“ xdebodes, anu Tuki, magali-Tad, reforma xorcieldeba saministroSi, mis meTvalyureo-bas unda axdendes mTavrobis meTauri an misi moadgileebi, romlebic ar dauSveben sakadro cvlilebis gamo reformis Cavardnas.

adamianuri resursi

adamianuri resursi aris reformisaTvis aucielebli da albaT yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi. refromis dawyebas da ganxorcielebas sWirdeba ara marto kreatiulad moaz-rovne adamianebi, aramed personali, romelsac aqvs uwyebaSi

7

muSaobis gamocdileba da SeuZlia didi sizustiT gaTvalos momavali Sedegebi. mniSvnelovania, rom es xalxi Camoyalib-des gundad, sadac yvela moTamaSes Tavisi roli aqvs gamoc-dilebidan da codnidan gamomdinare.

saxelmwifo struqturaSi reformistebis gundis Seqm-na rTuli amocanaa. gamomdinare saxelmwifo biurokratiuli sistemis specifikidan, piradi Semadgenloba ZiriTadad ru-tinuli an, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, gegmuri samuSaoTi aris daka-vebuli. Sesabamisad, maT cota dro da energia rCebaT ideebis generirebisaTvis. amasTan erTad moqmedebs meore faqtori: moxeleTa umravlesoba eCveva arsebul sistemas, icnobs misi marTvis da aRsrulebis specifikas da Tavs komfortulad grZnobs am garemoSi. Sesabamisad, is ufro metad arsebuli samuSaos ukeT SesrulebiTa da karieruli winsvliTaa moti-virebuli, vidre sistemaSi Zireuli cvlilebebiT.

miuxedavad am winaRobebisa da sirTuleebisa, mainc Ses-aZlebelia uwyebis SigniT reformatorTa gazrda da ganviTa-reba. amisaTvis saWiroa specialuri kriteriumebis danergva, romelTa mixedviTac moxdeba kreatiuli xalxis identifici-reba. sasurvelia eseni iyvnen sxvadasxva Sida specifikis war-momadgenlebi (iuristi, finansisti, adamianuri resursebis specialisti da sxva). amis Semdeg saWiroa specialuri sam-saxuris/biuros Seqmna, romelSic Tavs moiyris es personali. mniSvnelovania, rom am biuros ar hqondes rutinuli dat-virTva, Torem aseT SemTxvevaSi is Cveulebriv biurokrati-ul meqanizmad gadaiqceva.

aseTi samsaxuri unda iyos dakavebuli uwyebis peri-oduli analiziT, raTa gamoavlinos uwyebaSi arsebuli orga-nizaciuli xarvezebi da ipovos maTi gadawyvetis gzebi. amav-droulad ar unda davuSvaT, rom uwyebaSi gaCndes SegrZneba, TiTqos es samsaxuri dakavebulia sagamoZiebo an sadamsjelo saqmianobiT. amas sabolood mxolod samsaxuris sruli Sida izolacia mohyveba. reformebis dagegmvasa da ganxorciele-bas ki uwyebis SigniT mWidro TanamSromloba esaWiroeba.

es sakmaod rTuli procesia, romelic xSirad aramc Tu saxelmwifo uwyebebSi, aramed kerZo kompaniebSic ki ver xorcieldeba. Sesabamisad, aseT SemTxvevebSi miRebulia sa-konsultacio firmebis, e.w. `konsaltingis~, daqiraveba re-

8

formis gatarebis mizniT. xSir SemTxvevaSi uwyebam arc ki icis, Tu ra reforma sWirdeba da amis gadawyvetas TviTon konsaltings andobs. konsaltingi ki SeiZleba kargad icnob-des specialur literaturas, dokumentebsa da uwyisebs, ma-gram arc ise naTeli warmodgena hqondes am konkretuli uw-yebis organizaciul kulturasa da dinamikaze. es yvelaferi mTavrdeba imiT, rom bolos konsaltingi wers lamazad Se-fuTul daskvnas, romelic uwyebas sakmaod Zviri ujdeba da romelsac misTvis realurad araferi moaqvs. amgvari praqti-ka sadReisod miRebuli da popularulia, radgan bevri min-istri da direqtori cdilobs drois moTxovnebsa da modas ar CamorCes.

konsaltingis warumateblobis mizezi xSirad isic aris, rom uwyebis TanamSromlebi arc ise didi xalisiT axede-ben garedan mosulebs maTi muSaobis specifikaSi. es SeiZleba moxdes ara ubralod imitom, rom maT xSirad saerTod ar surT konsaltingTan TanamSromloba (amaze qvemoT), aramed imitomac, rom uwyeba SeiZleba sensitiur sakiTxebze muSaob-des, romelic gare TvalisaTvis sasurvelia daxuruli iyos. es gansakuTrebiT usafrTxoebis seqtorSi momuSave uwyebebs exeba. Zalian bevria imis magaliTi, rom garedan daqirave-bulebs xSirad saSualeba ar miscemiaT gascnobodnen us-afrTxoebis sakiTxebze momuSave ama Tu im uwyebis specifikas da sabolood maTi rekomendaciebi realobasTan axlosac ver misula.

TavisTavad arsebobs sakonsultacio firmebis mier ganxorcielebuli Sedegiani da efeqtiani reformebi, magram es iSviaTobaa. rogorc wesi, Sida specifikisa da organizaci-uli dinamikis arcodnis gamo konsaltings mcire da nega-tiuri efeqti aqvs. uwyebaSi momuSave personali mxolod oficialurad TanamSromlobs, magram sinamdvileSi ar aqvs survili da neba, imuSaos garedan mosul pirebTan, romelTac maTze gacilebiT mets uxdian gacilebiT ufro iol (da sak-maod usargeblo) samuSaoSi. organizaciuli nebis ararsebo-bis pirobebSi ki warmatebis miRweva Tavidanve gamoricxulia.

Sida uwyebrivi SesaZleblobebi yovelTvis jobia gare-dan daqiravebul Zalas. Sida resursi aris uwyebis integri-rebuli nawili, mTliani dinamikisa da tradiciis kargi cod-

9

niT. rig SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa konsaltingis mowveva aseTi resursisTvis daxmarebis gasawevad, oRond am SemTxvevaSi re-formistTa Sida gundi unda marTavdes process da awesebdes amocanebsa da davalebebs, romelTa SesrulebaSic konsalt-ingi sasargeblo damxmare resursis rols Seasrulebs.

organizaciuli neba da lokalizacia

nebismieri saxis uwyebaSi reformis gatarebis dros vawydebiT iseT fenomens, rogoric aris organizaciuli neba (romelsac zemoT ukve SevexeT). gansxvavebiT politikuri nebisagan, es araoficialuri fenomenia da rTulia misi erTi SexedviT dafiqsireba. mokled, es aris organizaciis, pirvel rigSi ki, misi piradi Semadgenlobis umravlesobis neba, rom maT uwyebaSi raime reforma warmatebulad gatardes. es, ro-gorc wesi, moicavs marTvis saSualo da qveda rgolebs da Semsruleblebs, anu piradi Semadgenlobis 95 procents. mar-Talia, reformis dawyeba SeTanxmebuli da xandaxan inicire-bulia umaRlesi xelmZRvanelobis mier, misi xelSewyoba da ganxorcieleba damokidebulia rigiT TanamSromlebze. Sesa-bamisad, am xalxis neba mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens warmatebis misaRwevad.

zogadad, pirad Semadgenlobaze saubris dros Sesa-Zlebelia sami ZiriTadi jgufis gamoyofa, romelTa procen-tuli maCvenebeli bevr uwyebaSi saSualod aris 20/60/20. es cifrebi SemTxveviTi ar aris. didi xania dadgenilia, rom nebismier saqmeSi warmatebis miRweva xdeba ara imdenad mTe-li organizaciis aqtiuri CarTulobisa da muSaobis Sedegad, aramed organizaciis 20 procentis efeqturad gamoyenebis xarjze. yvela organizaciaSi, yvela jgufSi (iqneba es samin-istro, kerZo firma Tu studentTa jgufi) aminds qmnis misi aqtiuri nawili, romelzec modis gaweuli samuSaos daaxloe-biT 80 procenti. am 20 procents paretos 20 procents uwo-deben, misi aRmomCeni italieli sociologis pativsacemad.

es 20 procenti aris motivirebuli, ambiciuri, krea-tiuli da niWieri adamianebis jgufi. es xalxi aris mTavari dasayrdeni Zala reformisaTvis da maTTan TanamSromlo-biT SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli muxtis Seqmna. am

10

xalxma unda gaigos da daijeros, rom am reformiT isini ara mxolod raRac karg saqmes gaakeTeben, aramed aseve xels Seu-wyoben sakuTar karierul da profesiul gzas. amis Semdeg isini ara mxolod aqtiurad CaerTvebian mis ganxorcielebaSi, aramed Tavadac bevr siaxles Semoitanen. ZiriTadad swored am 20 procentis warmomadgenlebiT SeiZleba dakompleqtdes organizaciis personalisgan Seqmnili reformatorTa jgufi (romelzec zemoT gvqonda saubari), Tuki reformis mxolod Cveni Sida resursebis xarjze gatarebas gadavwyvetT.

meore jgufi (60 procenti) aris organizaciis ZiriTadi masa, romelic zogadad aris motivirebuli uwyebis ganviTa-rebiT, magram ufro metad samsaxuris SenarCuneba da xelfa-sis SesaZlo gazrda ainteresebs. am xalxisaTvis mniSvnelova-nia, rom reforma radikalurad ar Seexos maTi muSaobis wessa da ukve Cveul ganrigs; aseve isic, rom am axalma iniciativam maT piradad ar Seuqmnis safrTxe. gamomdinare Tavisi mraval-ricxovnobidan, es mniSvnelovani jgufia da saWiroa maTTan aqtiuri muSaoba, axsna-ganmarteba da darwmuneba imaSi, rom es yvelaferi maT sasikeTod xdeba an, uares SemTxvevaSi _ rom maT sazianod ar xdeba. ar aris rekomendebuli daSinebisa da muqaris gamoyeneba, samsaxuridan gagdebis safrTxis Seqna da a.S. aman SesaZloa axlo perspeqtivaSi mogvces Sedegi, magram grZelvadianSi uaryofiTad imoqmedebs.

unda vicodeT, rom rTulia da TiTqmis SeuZlebelia am jgufis didi nawilis aqtiur procesSi CarTva. ufro mniS-vnelovania, rom maT xeli ar SeuSalon da mihyvnen mimdinare cvlilebebs.

bolo, mesame jgufi reformebisaTvis yvelaze rTuli da saxifaToa. es aris skeptikosTa jgufi. rogorc wesi, aseTi adamianebi undoblobiT uyureben axal iniciativebs da Zve-li gamocdili meTodebi ufro misaRebad miaCniaT. es xalxi aris rutinaSi CaZiruli, xSirad _ gamocdili specialiste-bi, romlebic fiqroben, rom kargad ician TavianTi saqmis specifika, romelsac kargad iyeneben muSaobis dros da rom yvela axali iniciativa fulisa da drois fuWi xarjvaa (ris magaliTsac isini mravlad moiyvanen). am jgufTan pirdapiri da xisti midgomaa saWiro, radgan xSirad SeuZlebelia maTi gadarwmuneba da imas mainc unda SevecadoT, rom ziani ar

11

miayenon mimdinare process an ar CaSalon igi. saamisod maT unda SevuqmnaT gancda, rom xelis SeSlis mcdelobis SemTx-vevaSi maT statuss da samsaxurs safrTxe daemuqreba. ar aris saWiro amas muqaris saxe hqondes, magram Sesabamisi mesijis miwodeba aucilebelia.

aqve cxadia igulisxmeba, rom saWiroa am jgufebis (20/60/20) sworad identificireba, sanam maTTan Sesabamisi sa-muSaos Catarebas SevudgebiT.

rac Seexeba lokalizacias, es moicavs reformis dros adgilobrivi specifikis gaTvaliswinebas. aq saubaria ara mx-olod organizaciul kulturaze, aramed im qveynis Tavise-burebebze, romlis uwyebaSic unda gatardes reforma _ qvey-nis politikuri modeli, tradiciebi, mosaxleobis samuSao kultura da a.S. amis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe muSaobas azri ubralod ara aqvs. Zalian xSirad aris xolme mcdeloba, rom, magaliTad, amerikuli modeli da midgomebi pirdapir dain-ergos iseTi qveynebis uwyebebSi, romlebsaac amerikasTan Za-lian cota aqvT saerTo. aseTi mcdeloba aris ara mxolod maSin, roca qiraoben amerikul konsalitings, aramed maSinac, roca ama Tu im uwyebis xelmZRvaneli, Tavad moixibleba ra amerikuli modeliT, cdilobs pirdapir, adgilobrivi Za-lebiT danergos es modeli sakuTar organizaciaSi.

boloTqmis nacvlad

cxadia, reformis warmateba ioli ar aris. mis gasa-tareblad saWiroa Zalebis mobilizeba da mTeli rigi faq-torebis amuSaveba da gamoyeneba. Tuki SesaZlebelia, unda vecadoT, rom reformisaTvis ZiriTadad sakuTar Zalebs dav-eyrdnoT. rac Seexeba konsaltings, maTi daxmareba SeiZleba garkveul viTarebaSi mainc gaxdes aucilebeli. aseT dros unda vecadoT movZebnoT firma, romelic dakompleqtebulia iseTi praqtikosebiT, romelTac Tavis droze warmatebiT aqvT gatarebuli reforma TavianT uwyebebSi. sasurvelia, am praqtikosebs reformis gatarebis dros, Tavis mxriv, namuSe-vari hqondeT sxvadasxva konsaltingTan.

miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, gadamwyveti roli mainc sakuTar kadrebs ekisreba da aq did mniSvneloba swored

12

kadrebTan sworad muSaobis unars eniWeba. uwyebaSi, sadac reforma unda ganxorcieldes, minimumamde unda iqnes day-vanili nepotizmi da Tavis gamosaCenad yvelas Tanaswori pi-robebi unda mieces. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ver moxdeba iq aqtiuri 20 procentis identificireba, romelsac yovelTvis unda eyrdnobodes nebismieri organizacia, miT umetes, re-formis periodSi. amasTan, nepotizmis mospoba mxolod mini-mumia _ kadrebTan sworad muSaoba kidev bevr sxva komponents moicavs, rac calke ganxilvis Temaa.

aseve saWiroa gavacnobieroT, rom reformis Sua gzaze mitoveba metad saxifaToa. es kidev ufro uaresi SeiZleba aRmoCndes, vidre reformis saerTod argatareba. amitomac saWiroa mtkice politikuri nebis gamoCena da re-formis mudmivi kontroli. sasurvelia reformis Sesaxeb srulyofili informacia miewodos saxelmwifos politikur xelmZRvanelobasa da yvela Sesabamisi uwyebis xelmZRvanels, maTgan miviRoT mxardaWera da aseve TviTonac dainteresdnen reformis warmatebiT gatarebaSi.

es aris is yvelaferi, rac unda vicodeT manamde, sanam romelime uwyebis da, miT umetes, Tavdacvis sferos refor-mas gadavwyvetdeT. SeiZleba kargad gvesmodes, ra esaWiroeba Cvens SeiaraRebul Zalebs da saiTken unda warimarTos muS-aoba, magram, amis miuxedavad, Tuki winaswar ar movagvarebT yvela am sakiTxs _ ar uzrunvelvyofT politikuri nebis arsebobasa da stabilurobas, adamianuri resursis sworad marTvas, movaxdenT swor lokalizacias da vmarTavT or-ganizaciul nebas, yvela mcdelobis miuxedavad, reforma udidesi albaTobiT ver ganxorcieldeba.

reforma kompleqsuri, grZelvadiani da xSirad Zalian rTulad gansaxorcielebelia. magram Tu yvela komponenti arsebobs, Tu aris motivirebuli gundi, politikuri neba, organizaciuli gaazreba da swori midgoma, maSin yvelaferi gakeTdeba. reforma ar aris mxolod raRacis formis an wesis Secvla, es aris umniSvnelovanesi mentaluri transformacia, romelic warmatebis SemTxvevaSi gzas gaxsnis inovaciuri da kreatiuli procesebisTvis da nebismier uwyebas warmatebul efeqtur institutad aqcevs.

13