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IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Ericsson / TeliaSonera Case Study: Examining Indoor WCDMA Trial Experiences in Kista, Sweden
Ralf Schuh
TeliaSonera SwedenBox 9420120 Malm
Email: [email protected]
Robert McCrorey
Ericsson SpainC/ Retama, 128045 Madrid
Email: [email protected]
2
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Outline
Introducing the OnePhone Project
Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots
Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems
Examining the specific challenges of test and measurement for 3G in-building coverage
Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots
Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems
Examining the specific challenges of test and measurement for 3G in-building coverage
3
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Introducing the OnePhone Project
! Multi-operator, multi-technology (2G, 3G, WLAN / Bluetooth) in-building system implementation for Ericsson office buildings
! Almost all employees will have a mobile phone only, eliminating almost all fixed phones
! Almost all Ericsson sites shall be equipped with in-building systems (In total: ~ 1 million m and 120 buildings)
! Antenna systems designed, installed, and owned by Ericsson
4
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Introducing the OnePhone Project
DH
PBXMD110 ME
Enterprise (i.e. Ericsson)owned equipment
RBSHLR
MobileOperator
BSC
BillingSystem
MSC/SSF/PRA
SCP
MD110 MEsupportfunctionality
RBS
Operator ownedequipment
5
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
OnePhone Design Requirements
! Multi-operator, Multi-band 2G, 3G & WLAN
! WCDMA coverage! Speech 12.2 kbps and data up to 64/384 kbps within
95% of the office areas
! GSM 1800 coverage! > -75 dBm in 95% of the office areas! > -85 dBm in 95% of the other areas
! WLAN coverage! > -80 dBm in 75% of the office areas
! Elevators shall be covered
! Approximately 300 persons per cell! 100 mErl / sub (complete fixed line replacement)
6
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
OnePhone - Ericsson Headquarters in Kista
! Office building complex with 1300 employees, 51000 m2
Ericsson Headquarters in Kista
! GSM 1800 (3 x RBS 2202)
! WCDMA (3 x RBS 3202)
! 6 cells; 179 antennas
! Prepared for WLAN/Bluetooth(52 WLAN Injectors)
! The first OnePhone site that includes both 2G and 3G live systems
! Designed without macroWCDMA system activated
7
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Ericsson Headquarters Building 18 Measurements
! Indoor Macro Node B: Pmax = 43 dBm, CPICH = 32 dBm
! Passive DAS losses range from 20 to 29 dB at UMTS frequencies
! CPICH EiRP ranges from 3 dBm to 12 dBm
! 73 antennas with cell radius per antenna ~10-15m
! Horizontal cell architecture, two cells:!Cell 1: (Building 18, floor 3, 4, 5 & 6. Total 218 users) !Cell 2: (Building 18, floor 1, 0, 1, 2. Total 78 users)
! Outdoor network in pre-commercial phase
8
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 Equipment Room
Ericsson tri-band combining boxesused as interface to the operators
RBS
Other OperatorsWCDMA RBS 3202 (to the right)
TeliaSoneras2 x GSM RBS 2202
TeliaSonerasWCDMA RBS 3202
9
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Outline
Introducing the OnePhone Project Examining the specific challenges of test and
measurement for 3G in-building coverage
Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems
Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots
10
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Interference sources
Node B
(2)LOS
(4) NLOS
(1)LOS (5)
NLOS
(6)NLOS
(3)LOS (7)
NLOS
11
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Minimising interference
! Low feeder loss, minimise pilot power (but consider also economics)
! Tune outdoor network, antenna tilt, antenna height and antenna direction
! Use tunable distributed antenna system (e.g. adjustable tappers)
! Metal-coated windows (no metal coated windows in the Kista building)
12
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Measuring and optimising quality, capacity and performance
! Measure outdoor-to-indoor power levels, pilot power (CPICH Ec) and pilot power versus CPICH Ec/No
! Plan DAS (Distributed Antenna System) regarding feeder loss per antenna, cell radius per antenna
! Measure indoor CPICH Ec and CPICH Ec/No levels
! Set pilot power and SHO margin
13
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Outline
Introducing the OnePhone Project Examining the specific challenges of test and
measurement for 3G in-building coverage
Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems
Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots
14
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Agilent E6473BExtension Hub + battery
Agilent scanner (E6455C)
Laptop with Agilent analysingsoftware Nitro
QualcommTM6200UMTS & GPRS test phone
Test and Measurement Tools
15
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
TEMS Investigation! For portable data collection indoors
and in other pedestrian areas
! Intuitive positioning by Walk-and-Click
! Maps, blueprints, or user drawings as background
! All TEMS Investigation WCDMA features readily available
Test and Measurement Tools
16
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Test and Measurement Tools
TEMS Transmitter WCDMA 2100 / 1900 1.0! Transmit modes
! CPICH scrambling code! Continuous Wave
! Software adjustable power output up to 1 Watt! 0 30 dBm, in 1 dB steps
! Size / Weight! 210 x 128 x 32 mm(8.25 x 5 x 1.25 in)! 0.9 kg (excluding battery)
! Configuration and set-up through PC / Pocket PC device, via RS232 interface (or Bluetooth for 1900 MHz version)
! Optional battery enables operation for a duration of up to 4 hours
17
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
On-site measurements - planning
Closest other Node B sites
LOS to top floor
LOS to all floors
18
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 Floor 1
EquipmentRoom (RBSs)
10 m
Omni Antenna
Measurement Path
A-18-1-5A-18-1-1
Measurement startand stop position
19
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Omni Antenna
Measurementstarting position
Measurementstop position
Measurement Path
A-18-5-1 A-18-5-6
A-18-5-9
Ericsson Headquarters, Building 18 Floor 5
10 m
20
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 1 (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)
Elevator area
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 5 (CDF 50% ~ -64 dBm)
Floor 1 (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)
Elevator area
On-site measurements Outdoor-to-indoor coverage
21
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Peak Ec/No, outdoor-to-indoor
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Peak Ec/No, dB
1-Pr
obab
ility
Floor 1
Comment to CDF 95% Ec/No values: Agg Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 1 dB
Active Set Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 2 dB
On-site measurements Outdoor-to-indoor coverage
Peak Ec/No, outdoor-to-indoor
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Peak Ec/No, dB
1-Pr
obab
ility
Floor 5Floor 1
Comment to CDF 95% Ec/No values: Agg Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 1 dB
Active Set Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 2 dB
22
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
On-site measurements With indoor DAS, floor 1
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 1 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor & indoor DAS
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 1 indoor (CDF 50% ~ -42 dBm)
Floor 1 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -72 dBm)
A-18-1-5A-18-1-1
A-18-1-5
23
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 5 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -64 dBm)
RSSI level, outdoor-to-indoor & indoor DAS
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Measurement #
RSS
I, dB
m
Floor 5 indoor (CDF 50% ~ -49 dBm)
Floor 5 outdoor (CDF 50% ~ -64 dBm)A-18-5-6 A-18-5-9
A-18-5-1
On-site measurements With indoor DAS, floor 5
24
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Peak Ec/No, indoor DAS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Peak Ec/No, dB
1-Pr
obab
ility
Floor 1
Comment to CDF 95% Ec/No values: Agg Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 1 dB
Peak Ec/No, indoor DAS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Peak Ec/No, dB
1-Pr
obab
ility Floor 5
Floor 1
Comment to CDF 95% Ec/No values: Agg Ec/No ~ Peak Ec/No + 1 dB
On-site measurements With indoor DAS
25
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
On-site measurements Initial results
! Low outdoor power levels compared to the indoor power levels " low interference - low i-factor (other-to-own-cell received power ratio)
! Peak Ec/No are > -6dB for 95% of the area (From outdoor the Ec/No was ~3dB lower)
! Average i-factor upper / lower floor: ~ 0.1/0.02 " High capacity if also assuming high orthogonality factors
! SHO area upper / lower floors: 8% / 0%Indoor-to-outdoor connections upper / lower floors: 2.5% / 0%
! Improved coverage in basement (garage) and smooth handover in the elevator
26
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
On-site measurements Some practical hints
! Prepare measurement map for the different floors
! Collect data for each floor individually. Measure between the floors elevator area
! For multi-operator system the worst operator interference from outdoor will determine the DAS design feeder loss
27
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Outline
Introducing the OnePhone Project Examining the specific challenges of test and
measurement for 3G in-building coverage
Analysing tools and techniques for testing and measuring 3G in-building systems
Determining the capacity requirements for 3G in-building solutions and identifying likely capacity hotspots
28
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA and WLAN
From outdoor& repeaters! Distributed Antenna
Systems (DAS)
!
Multi-radio systemsInter-operability
?Multi-standardMTs
GSM/UMTSon the Net ?Price, ..
GSM for s
peech is sti
ll the domin
ant indoor
solution
For data w
e have to f
oresee
29
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN data capacity
! How to compare available capacity from the different radio systems?! What the standard says.! Speech/data allocation, mobile performance, at which layer! Current typical network performance (average cell
throughput), available spectrum
! Other factors! Mobiles availability (e.g. will we soon have GPRS/WLAN
mobile terminals)! Economical considerations
30
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
GSM/GPRS/EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN data capacity Average data capacity per
sector with available spectrum
Comments
GPRS
6 carriers 8 timeslots 8 kbps (ave cell throughput)
384 kbps
No speech traffic, Considers interference FTP traffic The average cell throughput is 8 kbps per time slot. For a terminal capable of 4 time slots in the radio DL this means a user throughput of 32 kbps.
EDGE
6 carriers 8 timeslots 25 kbps
1200 kbps
No speech traffic, Considers interference FTP traffic All TRXs EDGE are capable The average cell throughput is 25 kbps per time slot. For a terminal capable of 4 time slots in the radio DL this means a user throughput of 100 kbps.
WCDMA
31700 kbps
5100 kbps
No speech traffic, Considers interference FTP traffic For indoor, with i-factor = 0.2 and orthogonality factor = 0.2.
WLAN (802.11b)
34500 kbps
13500 kbps
Considers interference FTP traffic Assuming only one WLAN operator! (Unlicensed
frequency bands) For 802.11g/a about 4/28 times the 802.11b capacity.
* For more info look e.g. at: Anders Furuskr, Can 3G services be offered in existing spectrum?", Teknisk Licentiat, KTH Sweden 2001
31
IIR In-building Solutions
Budapest, Hungary 2004
Summary
! Pre-design measurements should be used to help set WCDMA design criteria
! Top floors may require more antennas and / or more power per antenna to overcome higher interference from outdoor macro network
! Low interference for the indoor DAS in Kista (average i-factor < 0.2) which means high (DL) capacity
! But the indoor WCDMA DAS design (feeder loss) has to consider all operators as for some the interference maybe higher
! The mobile terminals will decide in the future which radio system will be dominant in the indoor data market
TEMS InvestigationTEMS Transmitter WCDMA 2100 / 1900 1.0