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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 1
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ScatterWebDemo and hands-on
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller
Computer Systems & TelematicsFreie Universität Berlin, Germany
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 2
Overview
Components for demo
Directed Diffusion for data forwarding
Automatic tree generation and image transmission
Hands-on, terminal, …
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 3
ESB2 Full Featured
Reset
Transceiver
Beeper
Microphone
EEPROM
µController
Capacitor
PIR
IR receiver
IR sender
ButtonVibration
LEDs
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 4
ScatterFlasher
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 5
Sensor Node with Camera (prototype)
Camera facing a mirror
Picture taken and transmitted by a sensor node
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 6
Node Architecture
Separation into firmware and taskStable “core”SW updates stored in EEPROM firstFlashing as second step
Synchronized (time or command)Checksum
TaskLinked against firmwareCan use all functionsCan register callback functions
0xFFFF
I/O
RAM(2 K)
Bootloader
Infomem
Interrupts (FFE0)
Flash ROM(60 K)
0xFE00
Firmware DataPROG1 Data
Stack
Firmware Text
PROG2 Data
PROG1 Text PROG2 Text
0x1100
0x1000
0x09FF
0x0200
0x0000
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 7
Problem No. 1: Routing
Consider dynamic topologyDevice mobility plus changes in channel characteristicsSeparation and merging of networks possibleAsymmetrical connections
N7 N6
N1
N4
N2
N5
N3
N6
N7N1
N4
N2
N5
N3
time = t1 time = t2
Good connectionWeak connection
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 8
Routing in Ad-hoc-Networks
THE big research tasks for many yearsFar more than 100 different proposals existSimple: Flooding
ReasonClassical approaches from fixed networks fail
Slow convergence, big overheadHigh dynamicity, low bandwidth, low computing power
Metrics for routingMinimum
Number of nodes, data loss, delay, congestion, interference, …Maximum
Stability of network, run-time of battery driven nodes, coherence of network, …
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 9
Die Vielfalt von Ad-hoc-Routing-Protokollen
FlatProactive – permanent maintenance of routes
FSLS – Fuzzy Sighted Link StateFSR – Fisheye State RoutingOLSR – Optimized Link State Routing ProtocolTBRPF – Topology Broadcast Based on Reverse Path Forwarding
Reactive – route establishment on demandAODV – Ad hoc On demand Distance VectorDSR – Dynamic Source Routing
HierarchicalCGSR – Clusterhead-Gateway Switch RoutingHSR – Hierarchical State RoutingLANMAR – Landmark Ad Hoc RoutingZRP – Zone Routing Protocol
With geo-location supportDREAM – Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for MobilityGeoCast – Geographic Addressing and RoutingGPSR – Greedy Perimeter Stateless RoutingLAR – Location-Aided Routing
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 10
Routing in Sensor Networks
Implementation of (simplified) directed diffusion scheme [Intanagonwiwat, Govindan, Estrin, Heidemann, Silva, 2003]
Sink
Solar-aware directed diffusion[Voigt, Ritter, Schiller, demo at ACM sensys 2003]
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 11
Localized Interactions
Interest MessagesInterest in sensor data: Attribute/Value pairGradient: remember direction of interested node
Data MessagesSend back data using gradientsHop count guarantees shortest path
Sink
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 12
Solar-aware routing …
Only sensors with sufficient energy forward data for other nodes
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 13
Solar-aware Routing
Solar-powered nodeSend status updates to neighbors
Either proactive or when sniffing ongoing trafficHave neighbor nodes reroute the traffic
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 14
Simulation Results
# Nodes
Localized InteractionsImprovement[%]
20 64
26,8%15,1% 12,1%
96
# Nodes
Solar Directed DiffusionImprovement[%]
20 640%
10-20% 5-20%
96
Metric: number of messagestransmitted usingbattery
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 15
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 1
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 16
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 2
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 17
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 3
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 18
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 4
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 19
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 5
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen Schiller, http://www.scatterweb.net/ Demo 09/2004 20
Software for Controlling the Sensor Network 6
