ESC201A Introducton to Electronics

G Rajshekhar

Department of Electrical Engineering

IIT Kanpur

Acknowledgements

• Prof. Baquer Mazhari, EE department

• Prof. A. R. Harish, EE department

• Prof. S.S.K. Iyer, EE Department

• Prof. Yogesh Singh Chauhan, EE Department

• Prof. A. Banerjee, EE department

• Prof. K. V. Srivastava, EE Department

• Prof. Pradeek Kumar, EE Department

• Prof. Shilpi Gupta, EE Department

• Prof. Ketan Rajawat, EE Department

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Essental Ingredient is …

Electricity

Modern world has been and is being rapidly transformed by ELECTRONICS

Electronics offers capabilities that can be exploited by almost all engineering branches

Why has Electronics Revolutonized our lives?

• Every acton requires energy and Electricity is one of the most useful forms of energy

• It is easy to generate, easy to transport, can be easily converted into other forms of energy

• It can be precisely Controlled

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• Add an electrical sub-system

Revoluton?

Mechanical/Chemical System

Electrical System

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Example

System: MechanicalSource of Energy: ElectricalControlling System: Electronics

Lif/elevator used by us

Pre-industrial era

wikipedia

1853

wikipedia

Now!

asme.org

Aircraf Control

Fly-by-wire

Electronics and Health

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Performance Enhancement?

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Hearing aid

Hair cells

Nature 413, 194-202(13 September 2001)

Example:

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Course Objectives

Introduce you to the broad area of electronics

Analyze and design electronic circuits Gain hands on experience in building and

analyzing electronic circuits in the laboratory

Topics to be Covered…Topics Number of

Lectures

Circuit Analysis TechniquesNodal, Mesh, Superpositon, Thevenin, Norton

5

Transient Analysis of RL and RC Circuits 2

Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis 3

Transfer Functon and Frequency Response 2

Reference Book:

Engineering Circuit Analysis by W. Hayt, J. E. Kemmerly and S. M. Durbin, TATA McGraw Hill

Topics to be Covered …Topics Number of

Lectures

Semiconductors, Diodes and diode Circuits 4

Transistors and Amplifers 4

Operatonal Amplifers and waveform Generaton

5

Reference Book:

• Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by R. Boylestad and L. Nashelsky, Prentice Hall of India

• Microelectronics Circuits, by Sedra/Smith, 5th edition, Oxford University Press

• Microelectronics by Millman, Grabel, 2nd edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

Topics to be Covered …

Topic Number of Lectures

Numbering system, logic gates, Combinatonal circuits

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Flip-fops, Sequental Circuit Design 5

Data Converters 3

Reference Books:

Digital Design by Mano, Ciletti, 4th edition, Pearson

Digital Principles and Applications, by Leach, Malvino, 5th edition, Tata McGraw Hilll.

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Course Schedule

Venue Days Time

Lectures L20 Mon, Wed, Thu 5 to 6 pm

Tutorial T103-112, T201, T208 Tue

Laboratory CL 102/105Core Labs

Mon, Tue, Wed, Fri

2 to 5 pm

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CL 102B

Tutorials Homework Assignment sheets will be given every week.

For proper learning it is expected that you would atempt to solve all the problems prior to tutorial.

You are not required to submit homework solutons.

During the first i 1i0i i minsuiteis i o f i tnei i tuito rnlt, you would be asked to solve a problem related to the homework assignment, which will be graded and used in tutorial assessment.

Solutons to homework assignments will be discussed during tutorials.

Solutons will also be posted on ESc201 website.

Website

24http://www.iitk.ac.in/esc201/index.html

Instructors

Instructor: Dr. G RajshekharOffice: ACES-325BPhone: 6477Email: gshekhar@iitk.ac.in

Lab Instructor: Dr. K. S. VenkateshOffice: ACES 207Phone: 7468Email: venkats@iitk.ac.in

Marks Distributon

S.No. Descripton Marks

1. Tutorial mini-quizzes (10-minutes) 20 marks

2. Three major-quizzes (45 minutes each, Best two considered)

30 marks

3. One Mid-Semester Examinaton 40 marks

4. One End-Semester Examinaton 70 marks

5. One Laboratory Examinaton 20 marks

6. Weekly Laboratory Performance 20 marks

Total 200 marks

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Laboratory ScheduleS.No. Day of the week Sectons

1. Monday M1, M2, M3

2. Tuesday T1, T2, T3

3. Wednesday W1, W2, W3

4. Friday F1, F2, F3

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You will come to know about your sections soon.

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Policy Regarding Missed Examinations/Laboratory Sessions If you miss an examination due to approved medical leave or you have your leave approved by the competent authority at IIT Kanpur, following policy will be applied.

Missed mini-quizzes (10 minutes): No make-up examination. Missed major Quiz-1/Quiz-2/Quiz-3: No make-up examination. Missed lab examination: No make-up examination

Missed End-semester examination: You will be allowed to take the make-up examination subject to Institute guidelines. It is your responsibility to contact the instructor (Dr. G Rajshekhar, e-mail: gshekhar@iitk.ac.in) for the make-up examination. If you fail to appear in the make-up examination, you will be awarded zero marks.

Missed Laboratory sessions: You will be allowed to complete the experiment in the designated make-up laboratory sessions. However, if you do not appear in the makeup laboratory sessions, you will be awarded zero marks for that experiment.

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No tutorial and No lab next week (Jan 8-12, 2018)

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Circuit Fundamentals

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Concepts

• Charge, Current, Voltage, Power, and Energy

• Ohm’s Law

• KCL

• KVL

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Electrical Current

The time rate of flow of electrical charge

– The units are amperes (A), which are equivalent to coulombs per second (C/s)

André-Marie Ampère 1775-1836

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The charge per electron is -1.602×10-19 C

Flow of electrons through a wire or other electrical conductor gives rise to current

• Electrons are negatively charged particles

1016 electrons flow per second

How much current flows?

I

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19 1631.6 10 10

1.6 101

QI A

t

1016 electrons flow per second

I

Direction of current flow is opposite to direction of electron flow

Large number of electrons have to flow for appreciable current

Exercise 1: For q(t) = 2 - 2e-100t, t > 0 and q(t) = 0 for t < 0, find i(t)

Current has a magnitude and a direction

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Direct Current (DC) & Alternating Current (AC)

When current is constant with time, we say that we have direct current, abbreviated as DC.

On the other hand, a current that varies with time, reversing direction periodically, is called alternating current, abbreviated as AC

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~

VoltageVoltage difference is a Source of current flow

12V

0V

Units of Voltage: Volts (V)

12V

12V

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta 1745-1827

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Voltage Sources

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DC and AC voltages

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12V V V

Electrical Systems are made of Voltage sources, wires and a variety of electrical elements

Resistor Capacitor Inductor

Transformer

Diode

Transistor40

Current flows in a loop

Electrical systems are called electrical circuits

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Connection of several circuit elements in closed paths by conductors

Electrical Circuit

Before we learn how to analyze and design circuits, we must become familiar with some basic circuit elements.

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