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gYihockpyhev vpo|edgy ovgj kiigyy# yihockpcu vw`ceyhejb

ygp|eigy to thg Wje|gpyetu ol Ikcelopjek kjd dgce|gpy k dujkmei

pgygkpih vcktlopm to yihockpy ropcdredg*

Ckrpgjig @gpagcgu Jkteojkc Ck`opktopu

Ckrpgjig @gpagcgu Jkteojkc Ck`opktopu

Tetcg>

Thg Ckjthkjedg Iojtpkiteoj Pg|eyetgd

Kwthop>

Yget~# MeihkgcOce|gp# Kccgj B*Pkumojd# Agjjgth J*

Vw`ceikteoj Dktg>

64-;5-0662

Vw`ceikteoj Ejlo>

Ckrpgjig @gpagcgu Jkteojkc Ck`opktopu

Vgpmkceja>

httv>//rrr*gyihockpyhev*opb/wi/etgm/8bb840t9

http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8gg842t3http://www.escholarship.org/uc/search?creator=Raymond%2C%20Kenneth%20N.http://www.escholarship.org/uc/search?creator=Oliver%2C%20Allen%20G.http://www.escholarship.org/uc/search?creator=Seitz%2C%20Michaelhttp://www.escholarship.org/uc/http://www.escholarship.org/uc/lbnlhttp://www.escholarship.org/uc/lbnlhttp://www.escholarship.org/http://www.escholarship.org/http://www.escholarship.org/http://www.escholarship.org/

7/30/2019 eScholarship UC Item 8gg842t3

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Thg Ckjthkjedg Iojtpkiteoj Pg|eyetgd

Meihkgc Yget~# Kccgj B* Oce|gp# Agjjgth J* Pkumojd.

Dgvkptmgjt ol Ihgmeytpu# Wje|gpyetu ol Ikcelopjek# @gpagcgu# IK 54206-;4 pkumojdFyoipktgy*`gpagcgu*gdw

PGIGE\GD DKTG (to `g kwtomkteikccu ejygptgd kltgp uowp mkjwyipevt ey kiigvtgd el pg{wepgd

kiiopdejb to thg nowpjkc thkt uow kpg yw`mettejb uowp vkvgp to%

K iomvcgtg# eyoytpwitwpkc ygpegy ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy (gxigvt Vm% reth thg cebkjd TPGJ-;#0-

HOE[O hky `ggj yujthgye~gd kjd ytpwitwpkccu ihkpkitgpe~gd `u mgkjy ol yejbcg-ipuytkc X-pku kjkcuyey*

Kcc iomvcgxgy kpg ;D-vocumgpei yvgiegy ej thg yoced ytktg# reth thg ckjthkjedg `gejb ej kj gebht-

ioopdejktg# deytoptgd tpebojkc-dodgikhgdpkc gj|epojmgjt reth k dojop ygt ol gebht wje{wg oxubgj ktomy*

They ygpegy iojytetwtgy thg lepyt iomvcgtg ygt ol eyoytpwitwpkc ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy reth k cebkjd oldgjteietu bpgktgp thkj tro* Thg bgomgtpei kppkjbgmgjt ol thg ihgcktejb moegtegy ycebhtcu dg|ektgy kipoyy

thg ckjthkjedg ygpegy# ky kjkcu~gd `u k yhkvg vkpkmgtgp mgtpei `kygd oj thg iomvkpeyoj ol thg dehgdpkc

kjbcgy kcojb kcc gdbgy ol thg ioopdejkteoj vocuhgdpoj* Thg kvvkpgjt ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj ej thg

ejde|edwkc Cj-O `ojd cgjbthy dg|ektgy iojyedgpk`cu lpom thg gxvgitgd {wkdpktei dgipgkyg thkt rky

lowjd vpg|eowycu ej k jwm`gp ol iomvcgxgy reth cebkjdy ol cor dgjteietu* Thg ywm ol kcc `ojd cgjbthy

kpowjd thg tpe|kcgjt mgtkc ikteoj# horg|gp# ey mopg pgbwckp# yhorejb kj kcmoyt edgkc {wkdpktei `ghk|eop

kipoyy thg gjtepg ygpegy* Thg {wkdpktei jktwpg ol thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj ey dgpe|gd thgopgteikccu lpom

Ycktgpy modgc lop thg ikciwckteoj ol eojei pkdee* Ej kddeteoj# thg ywm ol kcc deytkjigy kcojb thg gdbgy ol

thg ioopdejkteoj vocuhgdpoj yhor gxkitcu thg ykmg {wkdpktei dgvgjdgjiu ky thg Cj-X `ojd cgjbthy*

Thg wje|gpykc |kcedetu ol they ioopdejkteoj yvhgpg iojtpkiteoj# iojiometkjt reth thg {wkdpktei dgipgkyg

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ej Cj-X `ojd cgjbthy# rky iojlepmgd `u pggxkmejkteoj ol lowp othgp# vpg|eowycu vw`ceyhgd# kcmoyt

iomvcgtg ygpegy ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy* Dwg to thg emvoptkjig ol mwctedgjtktg cebkjdy lop thg

ihgckteoj ol pkpg-gkpth mgtkcy# they pgywct vpo|edgy k yebjeleikjt kd|kjig lop thg vpgdeiteoj kjd

pkteojkce~kteoj ol thg bgomgtpei lgktwpgy ol thg ioppgyvojdejb ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy# reth bpgkt votgjtekc

emvkit lop kcc kyvgity ol ckjthkjedg ioopdejkteoj*

; Ejtpodwiteoj

Thg ioopdejkteoj ihgmeytpu ol thg ckjthkjedgy yhory mwih ytpwitwpkc de|gpyetu* Horg|gp# thgpg ey

oltgj ojcu k cemetgd dgbpgg ol vpgdeitk`ecetu dwg to thg k`ygjig ol ytpojb cebkjd legcd gllgity# pgywctejb ej

ymkcc gjgpbgtei dellgpgjigy `gtrggj dellgpgjt bgomgtpei kppkjbgmgjty kjd/op ioopdejkteoj jwm`gpy*

Ojg ol thg lgr pgcek`cg iopjgpytojgy lop thg pkteojkce~kteoj ol bgomgtpei lgktwpgy kpowjd ckjthkjedg

ikteojy ey thg rgcc-ajorj vhgjomgjoj ol thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj*;#0 Pgigjtcu# et hky `ggj yhorj thkt

ej they iojtgxt thg mojotojei dgipgkyg ol igptkej vkpkmgtgpy# ywih ky Cj-X (X = Cgrey-`kyei dojop%#

ikj `g `gyt dgyipe`gd `u k ygiojd-opdgp vocujomekc* They dgvgjdgjiu rky gytk`ceyhgd `u thg

gxkmejkteoj ol eyoytpwitwpkc ygpegy ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy vw`ceyhgd ej thg cetgpktwpg*9 Yw`yg{wgjtcu#

they dgvgjdgjiu hky kcyo `ggj o`ygp|gd lop k lgr othgp gxkmvcgy ol ejiomvcgtg ygpegy ejicwdejb yoced

ytktg mktgpekcy#4 ky rgcc ky ioopdejkteoj iomvowjdy*7 Dwg to thg pkpetu ol eyoytpwitwpkc ygpegy o|gp thg

rhocg pkjbg lpom Ck to Cw (gxicwdejb Vm%# ojcu cemetgd ytpwitwpkc ejlopmkteoj ey k|keck`cg lop thg

lwpthgp kjkcuyey ol thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj kjd bgomgtpeikc pkmeleikteojy thgpgol* Yvgieleikccu# lop

iomvcgxgy reth cebkjdy ol hebhgp dgjteietu# rheih kpg oltgj moyt pgcg|kjt lop thg kvvceikteoj ol

ckjthkjedgy (g*b* cwmejgyigjig#< MPE#2 pkdeoeyotovg ck`gcejb#8 gti*%# jo gxkmvcg ol k iomvcgtg

eyoytpwitwpkc ygpegy (Ck-Cw# rethowt Vm% hky `ggj vpgygjtgd* Rg pgvopt hgpg thg lepyt ikyg ol ywih k

ygpegy ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy reth k mwctedgjtktg cebkjd kjd k dgtkecgd kjkcuyey ol thg ytpwitwpkc

ihkjbgy ioppgyvojdejb to thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj ky yggj hgpg kjd ej vpg|eowy yuytgmy*

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0 Pgywcty kjd Deyiwyyeoj

0*; Iomvcgx Yujthgygy

Rg pgigjtcu ejtpodwigd thg tpevodkc cebkjd TPGJ-;#0-HOE[O (;# Yihgmg ;% ky k jgr cebkjd lop

epoj(EEE% kjd ckjthkjedg(EEE% ikteojy (Ig# Gw# Bd# Cw%*5 Thg ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy rgpg vpgvkpgd ky

vpg|eowycu dgyipe`gd `u pglcwxejb g{wemockp kmowjty ol thg cebkjd TPGJ-;#0-HOE[O kjd thg

ioppgyvojdejb ckjthkjedg ihcopedg (hudpktgd op kjhudpowy% ej mgthkjoc reth vupedejg ky thg `kyg

(Yihgmg ;%*

Yihgmg ;* Yujthgyey ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy reth TPGJ-;#0-HOE[O*

J

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O

J

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9

CjIc9 x H0O

MgOH# vupedejg

QCj(TPGJ-;#0-HOE[O%(H 0O%] x MgOH u H0O

("TPGJ-;#0-HOE[O"%

49-

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QCk(;%(H0O%]H0O QVp(;%(H0O%]H0O QJd(;%(H0O%]H0O QYm(;%(H0O%]H0O QGw(;%(H0O%]H0O QBd(;%(H0O%]H0Olopmwck I9

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Thg ytpwitwpgy rgpg pgkdecu yoc|gd `u depgit mgthody* Kcc thg iomvcgxgy kpg eyoytpwitwpkc# reth thg

ykmg vocumgpei jktwpg thkt rky vpg|eowycu pgvoptgd lop thg igpewm iomvcgx ol ;*5 Thg cebkjd ihgcktgy

thg ckjthkjedg ej k hgvtkdgjtktg lkyheoj thpowbh thpgg vkepy ol oxubgj dojopy lpom thg iuicei

hudpoxkmei kied dgpe|kte|g ;#0-HOE[O kjd ojg `pedbejb kmedg oxubgj ol k jgebh`opejb iomvcgx

(Lebwpg ;%* Thg ioopdejkteoj yvhgpg ey iomvcgtgd `u k rktgp mocgiwcg to be|g kj gebht-ioopdejktg

ckjthkjedg igjtgp reth kj kvvpoxemktgcu tpebojkc-lkigd dodgikhgdpkc bgomgtpu (|edg ejlpk%*

Lebwpg ;* Kyummgtpei wjet ol QBd(;%(H0O%] H0O* Thgpmkc gccevyoed vcot (OPTGV-9 lop Rejdory#;6

76' vpo`k`ecetu cg|gc% reth ktom jwm`gpejb yihgmg* Hudpobgjy kjd thg eyocktgd rktgp mocgiwcg kpg

omettgd lop ickpetu* O2 ey ioopdejktgd to k jgebh`opejb iomvcgx*

0*9 Ytpwitwpkc Kjkcuyey

0*9*; Eyoytpwitwpkc @ghk|eop

Lop thg kjkcuyey ol thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj kjd ety pkmeleikteojy# et ey gyygjtekc thkt thg yw`ngity ol

thg ytwdu hk|g thg ykmg op |gpu yemeckp ytpwitwpg to gjywpg thkt thg jktwpg ol thg ckjthkjedg ey thg ojcu

ihkjbejb vkpkmgtgp* Ej thg cetgpktwpg oj thg ckjthkjedg iojtpkiteoj to dktg# horg|gp# tgpmy ceag

eyoytpwitwpkc kjd eyotuveikc hk|g `ggj wygd ej k pkthgp {wkcetkte|g lkyheoj# kcthowbh thgpg hk|g `ggj

yomg gllopty to dg|gcov k mopg {wkjtetkte|g mgkywpg lop thg yemeckpetu ol ioopdejkteoj iomvowjdy*

;;

Lopthg ej|gytebkteoj ol thg vpgygjt ygpegy ol ckjthkjedg iomvcgxgy# k yhkvg mgkywpg kvvpokih rky wtece~gd

`kygd oj thg dehgdpkc kjbcgy kcojb thg gdbgy ol thg ioopdejkteoj vocuhgdpoj*;0

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