Esque Ma Tiempos Verbal e Singles

7/27/2019 Esque Ma Tiempos Verbal e Singles

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Presente Simple

Uso: normalmente se utiliza para hablar de acciones habituales, pero en ocasionespuede tener sentido de futuro.

AfirmativaI workYou workHe / she / it worksWe workYou workThey work

He/she/it:1. Slo la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) es diferente de las dems, ya quese le aade -s.

2. Existen verbos a los que se aade -es en lugar de -s:- do does; go goes- verbos que terminan en:-s pass passes

-ch watchwatches

-sh wash washes

-x mixmixes

-z buzz buzzes

3. La terminacin es ies cuando un verbo acaba en consonante + y. La y seconvierte en i y se aade -es:

-study studies

- carry carries

Negacin

I do not work I dont workYou do not work You dont workHe / she / it does not work He / she /it doesnt workWe do not work We dont workYou do not work You dont workThey do not work They dont work Interrogacin

Do I work? Yes, I do No, I dontDo you work? Yes, you do No, you dontDoes he / she / it work? Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it doesntDo we work? Yes, we do No, we dontDo you work? Yes, you do No, you dontDo they work? Yes, they do No, they dont

Presente simple 2 (presente histrico, futuro)

Adems de para expresar acciones cotidianas o verdades universales, el presente

simple seutiliza tambin en otros casos:


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Presente simple con valor de futuro.Utilizamos el presente simple para hablar de hechos futuros que dependen de algnhorario oprograma, pero no para hablar de planes personales o predicciones. Tambin esposible utilizar elfuturo con willen estos casos.

Ejemplos:

- The train to Norfolkleaves from platform 7 in 10 minutes.- The next conference takesplace in the other building.- Theyarrive before lunch tomorrow andcatch the last bus.

Presente histrico.

El presente simple se puede utilizar para hablar de hechos pasados. En estos casos,el presente

confiere una sensacin de realidad y cercana a los hechos narrados.

Ejemplos:

- Christopher Columbus discoversAmerica by mistake in 1492.- She was very late and then she tells me she mustleave early because she has towork thenext day.

Presente Continuo

Uso: se utiliza normalmente para hablar de acciones que estn ocurriendo en elmomento en el que se habla. En espaol suele equivaler a estar + gerundio.

Afirmativa

I am working Im workingYou are working youre workingHe / she / it is working he / she / its workingWe are working were workingYou are working youre workingThey are working theyre working Negacin

I am not working Im not workingYou are not working you arent workingHe / she / it is not working he / she /it isnt workingWe are not working we arent workingYou are not working you arent workingThey are not working they arent working Interrogacin

Am I working? Yes, I am No, Im notAre you working? Yes, you are No, you arentIs he / she / it working? Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isnt

Are we working? Yes, we are No, we arentAre you working? Yes, you are No, you arent


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Are they working? Yes, they are No, they arent

Reglas ortogrficas de los verbos acabados en ing:

- Los verbos que acaban en una sola e pierden esta vocal y aaden ing:

write

writing have

having come

coming

- Los verbos de una slaba acabados en vocal + consonante duplican laconsonante y aaden ing (excepto en el caso de wy y):put putting stop stopping shop shopping

Presente continuo con valor de futuro

Uso: El presente continuo tambin se utiliza para referirnos a acciones futuras. Peroslocuando hablamos de actividades ya planeadas y que se realizarn casi con totalseguridad.

Ejemplos:- Im going to the cinema tonight. Are you coming?- Theyre leaving at 5 oclock.- The conference is taking place next Tuesday.- Im travelling to Tokyo tomorrow.

Diferencia entre presente continuo y to be going to: Aunque ambos se utilizanpara referirnos a acciones futuras ya planeadas, existe una pequea diferencia.El presente continuo se utiliza para expresar actividades que se realizarn casi contotal seguridad porque ya se han planeado, mientras que to be going to no implica

tanta certeza, sino ms bien una intencin.

Ejemplos:- I think Im going to start looking for another job. (intencin, no un plan definido)- The film is starting in one hour. (segn un horario fijo)- Shes coming for dinner tonight. (ya se ha planeado antes y es algo seguro)- Were going to start learning Italian. (intencin)

Presente Simple vs. Presente Continuo

El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que ocurren habitualmente o engeneral:

- James studies German at university.- Myparents live in the south- Jane works in Italy every summer.- My friends have a car.- Waterboils at 100 Celsius degrees.- Sharks are dangerous animals.

El presente continuo, en cambio, se utiliza para hablar de cosas que estnocurriendo en el momento en el que se habla:- Maryis playingthe guitar now.- Take an umbrella. Its raining.

- Lets go to the park! The sun is shinning.- Theyare workingin the garage at the moment.


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Im playing the guitarLas oraciones en presente continuo a menudo van acompaadas de expresiones queindican que la accin se est realizando en ese momento:

Now right now at the moment at present

Existen verbos que slo pueden utilizarse en presente simple:

like depend remember believe dislike know forget prefer love mean want hateunderstand need

Pasado Simple

Uso: el pasado simple se utiliza normalmente para referirnos a hechos que sucedieronen

un momento concreto del pasadoExisten verbos regulares, a los que se aadeed en el pasado, como work(workedenpasado) y otros irregulares, que es necesario aprender, como go (wenten pasado).

Afirmativa

Verbos regulares (work)I worked Ortografa de las formas de pasado regularesYou worked - verbos acabados en consonante + y ied:

He / she / it worked study studied

carry

carriedWe worked - verbos monosilbicos acabados en vocal +You worked consonante duplican la consonante (exceptoThey worked y o w)stop stoppedshop shopped

Pronunciacin de la terminacin -ed de pasado

Se puede pronunciar como /t/, /d/ o /id/, dependiendo del sonido en el que acabe elinfinitivo:

/t/ watched, stopped, shopped, washed, worked (cuando el verbo acaba en sonidosordo)/d/ lived, arrived, opened, called, changed (cuando el verbo acaba en sonidosonoro)/id/ started, painted, mended, needed (solamente cuando el verbo acaba en sonido/t/ o/d/).


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Verbos irregulares (go)I wentYou wentHe / she / it wentWe wentYou wentThey went

Negacin

Verbos regulares (work)

I did not work I didnt workYou did not work You didnt workHe / she / it did not work He / she / it didnt workWe did not work We didnt workYou did not work You didnt work

They did not work They didnt work

Verbos irregulares (go)

I did not go I didnt goYou did not go You didnt goHe / she / it did not go He / she / it didnt goWe did not go We didnt goYou did not go You didnt goThey did not go They didnt go

Interrogacin

Verbos regulares (work)

Did I work? Yes, I did No, I didntDid you work? Yes, you did No, you didntDid he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it did No, he/she/it didntDid we work? Yes, we did No, we didntDid you work? Yes, you did No, you didntDid they work? Yes, they did No, they didnt

Verbos irregulares (go)

Did I go? Yes, I did No, I didntDid you go? Yes, you did No, you didntDid he/she/it go? Yes, he/she/it did No, he/she/it didntDid we go? Yes, we did No, we didntDid you go? Yes, you did No, you didntDid they go? Yes, they did No, they didnt

Pasado Continuo

Uso: se utiliza para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron durante un tiempo en el

pasado. En espaol equivale normalmente a estaba + gerundio.


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Afirmativa

I was workingYou were workingHe / she / it was workingWe were workingYou were workingThey were working

Negacin

I was not working I wasnt workingYou were not working you werent workingHe / she / it was not working he / she /it wasnt workingWe were not working we werent workingYou were not working you werent workingThey were not working they werent working

Interrogacin

Was I working? Yes, I was No, I wasntWere you working? Yes, you were No, you werentWas he / she / it working? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasntWere we working? Yes, we were No, we werentWere you working? Yes, you were No, you werentWere they working? Yes, they were No, they werent

Reglas ortogrficas de los verbos acabados en ing:

-Los verbos que acaban en una sola e pierden esta vocal y aaden ing:

write writing have having come coming

- Los verbos de una slaba acabados en vocal + consonante duplican laconsonante y aaden ing (excepto en el caso de wy y):put putting stop stopping shop shopping

Pasado simple vs. Pasado continuo

El pasado simple se suele utilizar para referirnos a situaciones o accionescompletas del

pasado o a situaciones permanentes o de larga duracin, tambin en el pasado.

Ejemplos:- Ilivedin Rome tillI was 10.- She boughtchocolates because she thought you likedthem.

El pasado continuo, sin embargo, se refiere a situaciones o eventos temporales deunmomento del pasado. Muchas veces se utiliza el pasado continuo para describir unasituacindurante la cual se produjo otro evento (en pasado simple) que la interrumpi o seprodujo

paralelamente.


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The phone rang

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We were watching television

Ejemplos:

-She arrivedwhen we were havingdinner.-Tom was havinga shower when someone knockedat the door.-The neighbourfeltill while he was workingin the garden.

Cuando hablamos de situaciones o eventos simultneos en el pasado, puedeutilizarse el pasado simple o el pasado continuo:

Ejemplos:-Theywenton holiday while their son was at university.-Jillwas makingdinner while he was layingthe table.

Presente PerfectoAs se forma el presente perfecto en su forma afirmativa:Sujeto + have/has + participio de un verboAl igual que en la forma de pasado, los verbos regulares aadened en el participio.En elcaso de los irregulares, es necesario saberlo.

Afirmativa

I have worked Ive workedYou have worked youve workedHe / she / it has worked he/she/its worked

We have worked weve workedYou have worked youve workedThey have worked theyve worked

Negacin

I have not work ed I havent workedYou have not work ed You havent workedHe / she / it has not worked He / she / it hasnt workedWe have not worked We havent workedYou have not worked You havent workedThey have not worked They havent worked

Interrogacin

Have I worked? Yes, I have No, I haventHave you worked? Yes, you have No, you haventHas he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has No, he/she/it hasntHave we worked? Yes, we have No, we haventHave you worked? Yes, you have No, you haventHave they worked? Yes, they have No, they havent


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Uso del Presente Perfecto:

1. Para expresar una accin o estado que comenz en el pasado y an contina.- Ihave livedin Brussels for 3 years = Llevo viviendo en Bruselas 3 aos (An vivoall)- She has studiedEnglish since last year= Lleva estudiando ingls desde el aopasado(An est estudindolo)-------------Ihave workedsince 2000-------------

2. Para expresar un hecho que ocurri en algn momento indeterminado del pasado.

- Ihave readthat book. (no se especifica cuando)- She has been to Paris.She has been there

3. Para expresar una accin ya concluida, pero que afecta de alguna manera al

presente.

- Ive lost my keys and I cant go out now.- Its raineda lot. Are you wet?Ive lostmy keys

NOTA: Al contrario que en espaol, el presente perfecto no se utiliza para hablar dealgo ocurrido en el pasado reciente. En esos casos se usa el pasado simple:

- He desayunado a las diez (hoy) I had breakfast at 10.- Ha llegado esta tarde He arrived this afternoon.- Qu has hecho por la maana? What did you do this morning?

Presente perfecto 2 (for, since, ago)

Forsiempre va seguido de un periodo de tiempo y puede traducirse como durante.Puede acompaar al presente perfecto y al pasado simple.

Ejemplos:- I have studied English for four years.- Shes lived here for ages. (= for a very long time)- Weve been on holidayfor two weeks.- We were friends for more than 10 years.

Since va seguido de una expresin de tiempo concreta, como un da, un ao, unaestacin, o un hecho concreto. Se traduce como desde.Acompaa al presenteperfecto, aunque puede ir seguido de una oracin en pasado simple.

Ejemplos:- Shes lived with her fathersince she was 10.- They have known each othersince 1990.- Peters worked there since last April.- Hes had that carsince last autumn.


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Ago se traduce como hace...Acompaa slo al pasado simple y va precedido de unperiodo de tiempo.

Ejemplos:- I went to France two years ago.- She met him at school10 years ago.

- Phil went shoppingtwo weeks ago.- My friends did a yoga course a couple of months ago.

Pasado simple vs. Presente perfecto

Uno de los aspectos gramticales del ingls ms conflictivos para los hablantes deespaol es el uso del pasado simple y el presente perfecto. De hecho, en este punto elingls se diferencia bastante del espaol. Por ello, observa atentamente los siguientespares de ejemplos:

1. Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado:

-Ihave livedin Brussels for 3 years = Llevo viviendo en Bruselas 3 aos (An vivo

all)- Ilivedin Brussels for 3 years = Viv en Bruselas durante tres aos. (Ya no vivo all)

2. Acciones acabadas que tuvieron lugar en algn momento del pasado:- Ihave readthat book. (No se especifica cuando, quiz porque no es relevante o sedesconoce)- Ireadthat book two summers ago. (Se especifica cuando)

3. Acciones que han tenido lugar en un pasado reciente.- Ive lost my keys and I cant go out now. (La accin pasada tiene una relacindirecta con elpresente)- Ihadcereals and orange juice for breakfast this morning. (La accin no tiene ningunarepercusin en el presente, aunque haya ocurrido en el mismo da en el que se habla).

Presente Perfecto Continuo

As se forma el presente perfecto en su forma afirmativa:

Sujeto + have/has + been + verbo principal acabado ening

Afirmativa

I have been working Ive been workingYou have been working youve been workingHe / she / it has been working he/she/its been workingWe have been working weve been workingYou have been working youve been workingThey have been working theyve been working

Negacin

I have not been working I havent been workingYou have not been working You havent been working

He / she / it has not been working He / she / it hasnt been workingWe have not been working We havent been working


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You have not been working You havent been workingThey have not been working They havent been working

Interrogacin

Have I been working? Yes, I have No, I haventHave you been working? Yes, you have No, you haventHas he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it has No, he/she/it hasntHave we been working? Yes, we have No, we haventHave you been working? Yes, you have No, you haventHave they been working? Yes, they have No, they havent

El presente perfecto contnuo se utiliza para expresar acciones o situaciones que sehan producido durante un tiempo y han finalizado hace muy poco o an continan. Amenudo se acompaa de una expresin de tiempo con since o for, por ejemplo.

- Ive been tryingto talk to him for weeks.

-Shes been studyingFrench since she was 15, but she still cant speak fluently.

- Hes been livingin Rome for five months now.

Tambin se utiliza frecuentemente en preguntas que comienzan con How long...?

- How longhave you been waitingfor the bus?- How longhas she been tryingto find a job?- How longhave they been livingthere?

Pasado Perfecto

As se forma el pasado perfecto en su forma afirmativa:

Sujeto + had + participio de un verbo

Al igual que en la forma de pasado, los verbos regulares aadened en el participio.En el caso de los irregulares, es necesario saberlo.

Afirmativa

I had worked Id workedYou had worked youd workedHe / she / it had worked he/she/itd worked

We had worked wed workedYou had worked youd workedThey had worked theyd worked

Negacin

I had worked I hadnt workedYou had worked You hadnt workedHe / she / it had not worked He / she / it hadnt workedWe had not worked We hadnt workedYou had not worked You hadnt workedThey had not worked They hadnt worked


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Interrogacin

Had I worked? Yes, I had No, I hadntHad you worked? Yes, you had No, you hadntHad he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it had No, he/she/it hadntHad we worked? Yes, we had No, we hadntHad you worked? Yes, you had No, you hadntHad they worked? Yes, they had No, they hadnt

Uso del Pasado Perfecto:

Este tiempo se utiliza para referirnos a un hecho pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otraaccin tambin pasada o antes de algn momento concreto del pasado:

- When he arrived, the film had finished. 1 accin: the film had finished.2 accin: he arrived.

-She found out that the he hadnt gone to school.

- She said she had been at home that morning.

Pasado perfecto con alreadyyjust.- Ihad already haddinner when he phoned. (Ya haba cenado cuando l llam)- She told me to buy some bread when I had just come backfrom the supermarket.(Me pidi que comprara pan cuando yo acababa de volver del supermercado)

Pasado Perfecto Continuo

As se forma el pasado perfecto continuo en su forma afirmativa:

Sujeto + had + been + verbo principal acabado ening

Afirmativa

I had been working Id been workingYou had been working youd been workingHe / she / it had been working he/she/it d been workingWe had been working wed been workingYou had been working youd been workingThey had been working theyd been working

Negacin

I had not been working I hadnt been workingYou had not been working You hadnt been workingHe / she / it had not been working He / she / it hadnt been workingWe had not been working We hadnt been workingYou had not been working You hadnt been workingThey had not been working They hadnt been working


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Interrogacin

Had I been working? Yes, I had No, I hadntHad you been working? Yes, you had No, you hadntHad he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it had No, he/she/it hadntHad we been working? Yes, we had No, we hadntHad you been working? Yes, you had No, you hadntHad they been working? Yes, they had No, they hadnt

- El pasado perfecto contnuo se utiliza para expresar acciones o situaciones que seprodujeron durante cierto tiempo en el pasado y finalizaron en un momento concretotambin del pasado, o poco antes de ese momento:

- Jim had been watchingTV all evening when she phoned.- Ihad been doingsome work before going to bed.- Theyhad been tryingto save for the summer holidays.- Her parents had been tryingto persuade her for weeks but she didnt listen to them.-

El pasado perfecto continuo enfatiza la duracin de una accin o situacin, mientrasque el pasado perfecto se refiere ms a la finalizacin de una actividad o sus efectos:

- She had been phoningfor hours but she hadnt gotany answer.

Futuro Simple

Afirmativa

I will work Ill workYou will work youll workHe / she / it will work he / she / itll work

We will work well workYou will work youll workThey will work theyll work

Negacin

I will not work I wont workYou will not work you wont workHe / she / it will not work he / she /it wont workWe will not work we wont workYou will not work you wont workThey will not work they wont work

Interrogacin

Will I work? Yes, I will No, I wontWill you work Yes, you will No, you wontWill he / she / it work? Yes, he / she / it will No, he / she / it wontWill we work? Yes, we will No, we wontWill you work? Yes, you will No, you wontWill they work? Yes, they will No, they wont


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Shall: con Iy we se puede utilizarshallen lugar de will, pero su uso es menoscomn:

- I will go to work in five minutes = Ishallgo to work in five minutes.- We willbuy vegetables this afternoon = We shallbuy vegetables this afternoon.

To be going to vs. futuro simple (will)

Planes futuros

1. To be going to + infinitivo se utiliza para expresar acciones futuras ya planeadas(excepto las que forman parte de un horario o programa):

- Im going to buya new car next week.- They re going to move house.- Shes going to have a baby.

-Were going to getmarried next summer.

- Lindas going to learn Italian.

2. El futuro simple (will), sin embargo, se usa cuando tomamos la decisin de haceralgo en el momento de hablar, sin haber hecho ningn plan previo:

- The phone is ringing. Ill getit.- Ill take my umbrella because its very cloudy.- Ill have a cup of tea.- Well go for a walk if you want.

Tambin se utiliza cuando se habla de acciones que forman parte de un horario oprograma:

- The train to Liverpoolwill leave from platform 11.- The conference will startin half an hour.

Predicciones

1. To be going to + infinitivo se utiliza tambin para hacer predicciones cuandotenemos algn indicio para hacerlas:

- Therere very dark clouds. I thinkits going to rain very soon.

-She didnt study for the exam. Shes going to fail.

- Weve missed the bus, so were going to be late.

2. El futuro simple (will) se utiliza para hacer predicciones, pero cuando no hayindicios de ellas, sino que son fruto de la opinin del hablante:

- Buy her that book. Shell like it a lot.- I think Englandwill lose.- Itll be cold tonight.


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Futuro Continuo

As se forma el futuro continuo en su forma afirmativa:

Sujeto + will + be + verbo principal en su formaing

Afirmativa

I will be working Ill be workingYou will be working youll be workingHe / she / it will be working he / she / itll be workingWe will be working well be workingYou will be working youll be workingThey will be working theyll be working

Negacin

I will not be working I wont be workingYou will not be working you wont be workingHe / she / it will not be working he / she /it wont be workingWe will not be working we wont be workingYou will not be working you wont be workingThey will not be working they wont be working

Interrogacin

Will I be working? Yes, I will No, I wontWill you be working Yes, you will No, you wontWill he / she / it be working? Yes, he / she / it will No, he / she / it wont

Will we be working? Yes, we will No, we wontWill you be working? Yes, you will No, you wontWill they be working? Yes, they will No, they wont

- El futuro continuo se utiliza para referirnos a acciones que ocurrirn en un momentoconcreto del futuro o durante cierto tiempo en el futuro. A veces se trata de accionesya planeadas. Se suele mencionar el complemento circunstancial de tiempo(tomorrow, next time, etc.)

- Ill be wearinga suit at work every day.- Shell be leavingtomorrow morning at 9.- Martha will be rentingher flat next year.

Futuro Perfecto

Uso: se utiliza para expresar que algo ya habr sucedido o se habr completado encierto momento futuro:

Ejemplos:

- Ill have finished my exams by 20th June. (Ya habr terminado los exmenes el 20 dejunio)- Shell have paid her mortgage when she is 55. (Habr terminado de pagar cuando

tenga 55)


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- Ill have done the shopping by the time you get home. (Habr hecho la compra antesde que llegues)

Afirmativa

I will have worked Ill have worked

You will have worked youll have workedHe / she / it will have worked he / she / itll have workedWe will have worked well have workedYou will have worked youll have workedThey will have worked theyll have worked

Negacin

I will not have worked I wont have workedYou will not have worked you wont have workedHe / she / it will not have worked he / she /it wont have workedWe will not have worked we wont have workedYou will not have worked you wont have workedThey will not have worked they wont have worked

Interrogacin

Will I have worked? Yes, I will No, I wontWill you have worked? Yes, you will No, you wontWill he / she / it have worked? Yes, he / she / it will No, he / she / it wontWill we have worked? Yes, we will No, we wontWill you have worked? Yes, you will No, you wontWill they have worked? Yes, they will No, they wont

Futuro Perfecto Continuo

As se forma el presente perfecto en su forma afirmativa:

Sujeto + will + have + been + verbo principal acabado ening

Afirmativa

I will have been working Ill have been workingYou will have been working youll have been workingHe / she / it will have been working he/she/it ll have been working

We will have been working well have been workingYou will have been working youll have been workingThey will have been working theyll have been working

Negacin

I will not have been working I wont have been workingYou will not have been working You wont have been workingHe / she / it will not have been working He / she / it wont have been workingWe will not have been working We wont have been workingYou will not have been working You wont have been workingThey will not have been working They wont have been working


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Interrogacin

Will I have been working? Yes, I will No, I wontWill you have been working? Yes, you will No, you wontWill he/she/it have been working? Yes, he/she/it will No, he/she/it wontWill we have been working? Yes, we will No, we wontWill you have been working? Yes, you will No, you wontWill they have been working? Yes, they will No, they wont

- El futuro perfecto continuo se utiliza para expresar cuanto tiempo habr durado unaaccin o situacin cuando llegue cierto momento. Es necesario mencionar la duracinde dicha accin (one year, two days...) y el momento futuro que se toma comoreferencia (next summer, tomorrow...)

- Next year well have been livingin this house for 2 years.- Hell have been travellingaround the world for one month on Monday.

Documents

Esque Ma Tiempos Verbal e Singles