Evaluacion Del Aceite Durante La Fritura

8/18/2019 Evaluacion Del Aceite Durante La Fritura

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DELCALLAO

EVALUACIÓN DEL ACEITE DURANTE LA FRITURA

LABORATORIOBIOQUÍMICA DEALIMENTOS

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALDEL CALLAO


2/23

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UNIVERSIDADNACIONAL DEL CALLAO

Facultad de Ingeniería Pesquera yAlient!s

Escuela Pr!"esi!nal de Ingeniería deAlient!s

CURSO:BIOQUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS

TEMA:E#aluaci$n del aceite durante la "ritura

PROFESO

R:BUSTAMANTE OYAGUE BRAULIO

INTEGRAN

TES:

Arana Es%in!&a'(erard!)Farr! S!t!' Vic*y)C!trina Carrasc!'R!+ert),uillca Catc!%arc!

-!s. Luis)



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I) IN/RODUCCI0N

La fritura es ua !e "as t#$i$as %&s ati'uas !e (re(ara$i !e a"i%et*s+ E"a a$tua"i!a!, "*s a"i%et*s frit*s '*-a !e ua (*(u"ari!a! $a!a .e- %a/*r ee" %u!* / s* a$e(ta!*s (*r (ers*as !e t*!as "as e!a!es+ La (re(ara$i !eest*s (r*!u$t*s es f&$i" / r&(i!a / su as(e$t* / sa0*r se $*rres(*!e $* "*s

!esea!*s (*r e" $*su%i!*r+

Esta situa$i 1a $*""e.a!* a 2ue "a fritura se 1a/a 'eera"i-a!* e "*sesta0"e$i%iet*s !e a"i%et*s r&(i!*s 34fast f**!s5), e "a restaura$i, e "a(r*(ia i!ustria a"i%eti$ia, (*r e6e%("* "*s ""a%a!*s 4sa$7s5, ta%0i# e "*s1*'ares, et$+

8re$isa%ete, "a fritura es e" us* (ri$i(a" !e "*s a$eites / "as 'rasas e "a$*$ia+ E esta f*r%a !e (r*$esar "*s a"i%et*s a a"tas te%(eraturas, e" %e!i*!e trasfere$ia !e $a"*r es e" a$eite, e" 2ue i%(arte sa0*r, a(arie$ia /te9tura a" (r*!u$t*+

8ara fre:r (ue!e uti"i-arse a$eites, 'rasas * "*s !e*%ia!*s s1*rtei's3'eera"%ete a$eites .e'eta"es 1i!r*'ea!*s, se%is"i!*s, ("&sti$*s)+

Tra!i$i*a"%ete "*s t#r%i*s a$eite / 'rasa est& !eter%ia!*s (*r e" (ut*!e fusi !e" (r*!u$t* "i(:!i$*, a$eite $ua!* e" %is%* es ":2ui!* a "ate%(eratura a%0iete / 'rasa $ua!* tiee !eter%ia!* 'ra!* !e s*"i!e- a!i$1a te%(eratura+ De 1e$1*, e" $riteri* 2ue !e;e est*s t#r%i*s es 0astatea%0i'u*+

N* *0state, e e" (r*$es* e $uesti $ua"2uiera !e e""*s sie%(re se s*%ete ate%(eraturas su(eri*res a su (ut* !e fusi, es !e$ir, s* ":2ui!*s !urate su

us*, es (*r est* 2ue 'eera"%ete t*!*s sue"e ser ""a%a!*s $*%* a$eite e "afritura+



4/23

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C*$iar %e!iate "a frituraes %&s e;$iete 2ue (*r%e!i* !e" $a"*r se$* !e u

1*r* / %&s r&(i!* 2ue$* e" us* !e a'ua1ir.ie!*+ Las a"taste%(eraturas 2ue sea"$a-a a" fre:r, "*'raua (eetra$i %&sr&(i!a / uif*r%e !e" $a"*r1a$ia e" iteri*r !e"a"i%et* 2ue se est& $*$ia!*, .eta6a !e esta t#$i$a 2ue i


5/23

3


E" (r*!u$t* frit* (*see uaestru$tura !istiti.a+ Su (artee9tera es ua su(er;$ie 2ue

$*tri0u/e a" i%(a$t* .isua"ii$ia" !e0i!* a su t*sta!*,(reseta!* u $*"*r etre!*ra!* / (ar!*, resu"tate !e"as rea$$i*es !e "as(r*te:as / "*s a-$ares (*ra$$i !e" $a"*r, e"(ar!ea%iet* * e-i%&ti$*3Rea$$i !e Mai""ar!) / !e"*s a-$ares a" sufrir "a $ara%e"i-a$i, !a!* "u'ar a u (r*!u$t* $* as(e$t*a'ra!a0"e E" 'ra!* !e *s$ure$i%iet* !e" a"i%et* frit* !e(e!e %&s !e"tie%(* / "a te%(eratura !e fre:!* e $*%0ia$i $* "a $*%(*si$i 2u:%i$a!e" (r*!u$t*, 2ue !e "a $*%(*si$i !e" a$eite uti"i-a!* e "a fritura+

L*s (r*$es*s 2ue *$urre ta%0i# (r*!u$e "*s sa0*res !esea!*s / !a "u'ara ua $a(a $ru6iete su(er;$ia" $*%* $*se$ue$ia !e "a !es1i!rata$i !e"a"i%et* !urate e" fre:!*+ E" $a"*r re!u$e e" $*tei!* !e 1u%e!a! !e esta$a(a 1asta * %e*s / "a 1u%e!a! !es(re!i!a es "a $ausate !e" .a(*r'eera!* !urate e" (r*$es*+

E" es(a$i* "i0re 2ue !e6a e" a'ua 2ue es$a(a es *$u(a!* (*r e" a$eite+ La$ati!a! !e a$eite a0s*r0i!* (*r u a"i%et* !e(e!e e 'ra %e!i!a !e su$*tei!* !e 1u%e!a!, (*r*si!a! / su(er;$ie e9(uesta a" a$eite !e fritura+Esta $ati!a! es a(r*9i%a!a%ete etre e" / e 0ase a" (es* !e"a"i%et* frit*+

Fre:r a"i%et*s a te%(eraturas !e%asia!* 0a6as (r*.*$a 2ue "*s %is%*satra(e %&s $ati!a! !e 'rasa e su iteri*r+

E" a$eite a0s*r0i!* "e i%(arte a" a"i%et* *"*r, sa0*r / $*"*r / a!e%&s fa.*re$e"a (a"ata0i"i!a!+ 8*r est*, si e" a$eite tiee sa0*r u *"*r e9traH*, e" a"i%et*frit* "* te!r&+ 8*r e9(erie$ias (r&$ti$as se $**$e 2ue * se !e0e fre:ra"i%et*s e u a$eite !*!e fue frit* *tr* (r*!u$t* !e sa0*r t*ta"%ete

i$*%(ati0"e, (*r e6e%("*, * se freir& (a(as $* u a$eite 2ue (re.ia%etefue uti"i-a!* (ara fre:r (es$a!*+

L*s $a%0i*s f:si$*s / 2u:%i$*s 2ue *$urre !urate e" (r*$es* !e fritura tat*e e" a"i%et* $*%* e e" a$eite estar& !eter%ia!*s (*r

/i%!' características y calidad del aceite utili&ar)



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/i%! y características del alient! a "reír)

C*!i$i*es !e" (r*$es* !e fritura

Te%(eratura Tie%(* 8rese$ia !e %eta"es 8rese$ia !e *9:'e* 8rese$ia !e "u- 8rese$ia !e ati*9i!ates Cara$ter:sti$as !e "a frei!*ra Gra!* / .e"*$i!a! !e re*.a$i !e" a$eite e e" tras$urs* !e" (r*$es*

3Des$arte !e" a$eite)

Di$1*s $a%0i*s 'eera"%ete $*""e.a a" !eteri*r* !e" a$eite (*r "a*$urre$ia !e (r*$es*s !e 1i!r"isis, *9i!a$i / (*"i%eri-a$i+ E e" $as* !e"*s a"i%et*s (ue!e ser $a%0i*s !esea0"es, !e 1e$1* s* "*s 2ue se(ersi'ue $* "a fritura, $*%* "a %e6*ra e "a $a"i!a! ses*ria" 3"a f*r%a$i !e$*%(uest*s ar*%&ti$*s / $*"*res atra$ti.*s, etre *tr*s), "a t:(i$a !e "*sa"i%et*s frit*s, / ta%0i# ua %a/*r $*ser.a$i, (er* (*r *tra (arte,(ue!e *$urrir $a%0i*s i!esea0"es 2ue (r*.*$ar& afe$ta$i*es !e "*satri0ut*s ses*ria"es / !e "a $a"i!a! saitaria !e" (r*!u$t* 3(ue!e a(are$er$*%(uest*s su"fura!*s / !eri.a!*s !e "a (ira-ia e e" a"i%et* a (artir !e

itera$$i*es etre este / e" a$eite, et$+)+

Las $*!i$i*es !e" (r*$es* !e0e !e$i!irse s*0re "a 0ase !e *0teer u(r*!u$t* frit* !e $a"i!a!, u 0ue a(r*.e$1a%iet* !e" a$eite / uareta0i"i!a! a!e$ua!a !e "a ":ea !e (r*!u$$i+

E" (r*$es* !e fritura (ue!e rea"i-arse !e !*s f*r%as

Su(er;$ia" 34S1a""*J fr/i'5) Se su%er'e e e" a$eite "a su(er;$ie !e"a"i%et* 2ue se !esea fre:r, se rea"i-a *r%a"%ete e sartees * re$i(ietes!e (*$a (r*fu!i!a! / $* 0a6* i.e" !e a$eite, e" (r*!u$t* * 2ue!a

t*ta"%ete $u0iert* (*r #ste+ La (arte !e" a"i%et* su%er'i!a se fr:e / "a 2ue* est& e $*ta$t* $* e" a$eite se $ue$e !e0i!* a" .a(*r ites* 2ue se .a!es(re!ie!* !e" %is%* (r*!u$t* a" $a"etarse+

T*ta" 34Dee( fr/i'5) Se su%er'e e" a"i%et* t*ta"%ete e e" a$eite, se ""e.aa $a0* e frei!*ras $aseras * i!ustria"es * e re$i(iete 2ue $*tiee u a"t*i.e" !e a$eite, e t*!*s "*s $as*s e" (r*!u$t* est& t*ta"%ete $u0iert* (*r e"a$eite / "a fritura *$urre uif*r%e%ete s*0re t*!a "a su(er;$ie+



7/23

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)4 EL ACEI/E EN LA FRI/URA)

Detr* !e "a 'ra .arie!a! !e a("i$a$i*es 2ue tiee "*s a$eites / "as 'rasas$*%esti0"es, "a fritura es "a a("i$a$i e "a 2ue se s*%ete a est*s (r*!u$t*s a"as $*!i$i*es %&s se.eras+

8ara "*'rar u (r*$es* !e fritura a!e$ua!* es e$esari* su%er'ir e" a"i%et*e u %e!i* ":2ui!* 2ue (ue!a %ateer ua te%(eratura $*state / a"ta si2ue se (ier!a "as $ara$ter:sti$as utri$i*a"es !e" %is%* (*r efe$t* !e"$a"eta%iet*+

E" a'ua, (*r e6e%("*, * sir.e (ara est*s ;es /a 2ue $a%0ia !e fase ":2ui!a afase .a(*r a >*C, te%(eratura 2ue es isu;$iete (ara %*!i;$ar "asu(er;$ie !e "*s a"i%et*s !e *ri'e (r*tei$* * $* a"t* $*tei!* !e 1i!rat*s!e $ar0**+ Las 'rasas / a$eites, /a sea !e *ri'e ai%a" * .e'eta", si s*a!e$ua!*s (ara est*s ;es (*r2ue (ue!e ser s*%eti!*s a te%(eraturas%u$1* %&s a"tas si i$*.eietes !e iesta0i"i!a!, !e(e!ie!* es* si, !esu $*%(*si$i e &$i!*s 'ras*s+

8*r *tra (arte, "a trasfere$ia !e" $a"*r a" a"i%et* (*r e" a$eite est& !a!a (*r"a (rese$ia !e surfa$tates+ A"t*s i.e"es !e es(e$ies surfa$tates e e" a$eite(ue!e (r*!u$ir u $*ta$t* e9$esi.* etre e" a$eite / e" a"i%et*, "* 2ue!eri.a e u (r*!u$t* $*$i!* ia(r*(ia!a%ete, !e $*"*r *s$ur* /e9$esi.a%ete a$eit*s*+

E" i$re%et* !e "a te%(eratura a$e"era "*s (r*$es*s 2u:%i$*s / e!e(e!e$ia !e "as te%(eraturas 2ue sea ta%0i# se fa.*re$e "*s (r*$es*se-i%&ti$*s, (*r tat* "as 'rasas * "*s a$eites $a"eta!*s tie!e a !e'ra!arse$* 0astate ra(i!e-, e es(e$ia" si e e""*s 1a/ susta$ias * resi!u*s 2uea$ta $*%* $ata"i-a!*r * (*te$ia!*res !e "as a"tera$i*es * si i$i!e *tr*sfa$t*res 2ue "as fa$i"ita, re"a$i*a!*s $* "as $*!i$i*es !e "a fritura+

Etre "*s fa$t*res 2ue fa.*re$e "as a"tera$i*es !e" a$eite !urate e" (r*$es*!e fritura se e$uetra

A"tas te%(eraturas+ E9(*si$i a" *9:'e* !e" aire+ Ma/*r su(er;$ie !e $*ta$t* a$eite=aire+ 8rese$ia !e a'ua !es(re!i!a (*r e" a"i%et*+ Lar'* tie%(* !e (r*$es*+ 8rese$ia !e $*ta%iates %et&"i$*s+ A$$i !e "a "u-+ 8rese$ia !e (art:$u"as re2ue%a!as e e" %e!i*+ C*ta%ia$i (*r es(e$ies 2u:%i$as (r*.eietes !e" a"i%et*+



8/23

3


L*s (r*$es*s / a"tera$i*es 2ue sufre e" a$eite !urate e"(r*$es* s*

,idr$lisis5

Es !eter%ia!a fu!a%eta"%ete (*r "a 1u%e!a! 2ue te'a e" a$eite e e"%*%et* !e su $a"eta%iet* * efria%iet* / !urate su a"%a$ea%iet*, es!e$ir, $ua!* (ue!e e9istir te%(eraturas %e*res !e > *C e" a'ua * see.a(*ra+ Durate "a fritura "a 1i!r"isistiee (*$a i$i!e$ia (*r "as a"taste%(eraturas 2ue "a $ara$teri-a+ Ka/ta%0i# i$i!e$ia !e" a'ua !e" a"i%et*(er* e %e*r 'ra!*, !e0i!* a "aste%(eraturas e9istetes !urate e"(r*$es* #sta se e"i%ia $*%* .a(*r+

C*%* $*se$ue$ia !e "a 1i!r"isis 1a/u i$re%et* !e &$i!*s 'ras*s "i0res (*r"* 2ue se fa.*re$e "a aut*9i!a$i !e"a$eite+ A!e%&s *$urre f*r%a$i !e%eti"$et*as / "a$t*as e $ati!a!esre!u$i!as / *$urre !is%iu$i !e" (ut*!e 1u%* !e" a$eite+ L*s %** / !i'"i$#ri!*s $*se$ue$ia !e "a (r*(ia1i!r"isis s* e%u"si*ates / (*r tat* (r*%ue.e e" (r*$es*+

U a$eite re$a"eta!* * (ir*"i-a!* !a "u'ar a "a f*r%a$i !e a$r*"e:a,susta$ia %u/ irritate 2ue (ue!e 1a$er e" a%0iete !e tra0a6* 0astatei$%*!*+ Se *0tiee a (artir !e "a '"i$eria resu"tate !e "a 1i!r"isis !e "*sa$i"'"i$#ri!*s+

O6idaci$n5

O$urre (*r "a (rese$ia !e" *9:'e* !e" aire, %ietras 2ue "a *9i!a$ie-i%&ti$a * tiee 'ra i$i!e$ia+ Ka/ f*r%a$i !e 1i!r*(er9i!*s / e "asrea$$i*es (*steri*res a(are$e, 1i!r*$ar0ur*s, "a$t*as, a"$*1*"es,$*%(uest*s $ar0*i"*s, &$i!*s, e(9i!*s, et$+ La (rese$ia !e estas susta$ias(r*.*$a $a%0i*s ses*ria"es, a"tera$i*es !e" *"*r / e" sa0*r, $**$i!*s $*%*ra$i*s, ta%0i# e" *s$ure$i%iet* !e" (r*!u$t* / "a afe$ta$i !e su(a"ata0i"i!a!+ E" sa0*r ra$i* se !e0e a "a (rese$ia !e &$i!*s *r'&i$*s !e$a!ea $*rta $*%* fr%i$*, a$#ti$* / (r*(ii$*+ L*s (r*!u$t*s !e "a *9i!a$iestar& !eter%ia!*s (*r "as $*%(*si$i*es !e" a$eite / !e" a"i%et* /ta%0i# (*r "as $*!i$i*es !e" (r*$es*+



9/23

3


Se 1a if*r%a!* s*0re "a i$i!e$ia !e"*s ":(i!*s e e" (ar!ea%iet* *e-i%&ti$* !e a"i%et*s a (artir !e

estu!i*s rea"i-a!*s %a/*ritaria%etee siste%as %*!e"* !e "as rea$$i*es(r*te:a":(i!* *9i!a!* e$*%(ara$i $* *tras rea$$i*es!*!e *$urre ta%0i# este*s$ure$i%iet*, (*r e6e%("* "area$$i !e Mai""ar!, e" (ar!ea%iet*(r*!u$i!* (*r e" &$i!* as$r0i$*, / "asrea$$i*es !e "as 2ui*as $* "*s'ru(*s a%i*+ E" (a(e" !e "*s ":(i!*s e "as rea$$i*es i.esti'a!as * (are$eser %u/ !iferete !e" (a(e" !e "*s $ar0*1i!rat*s e Mai""ar! * !e "*s fe*"es ee" (ar!ea%iet* e-i%&ti$*+

La f*r%a$i !e "*s $*%(uest*s !aHi*s !e(e!e !e "as $*!i$i*es e 2ue seefe$te e" (r*$es*+ De0e a$"ararse 2ue "*s estu!i*s t*9i$*"'i$*s se rea"i-asu%iistra!* !ietas $* 'ra!es $ati!a!es !e 'rasa *9i!a!a / $* 'ra!*s !e*9i!a$i 2ue (u!iera * ser "*s 2ue e" 1*%0re $*su%e *r%a"%ete, (*rtat* * (ue!e 1a$erse ua t*ta" e9tra(*"a$i a "*s 1u%a*s !e "*sresu"ta!*s *0tei!*s $* ai%a"es+

E e" (r*$es* !e fritura se !a t*!as "as $*!i$i*es (ara 2ue e" a$eite se*9i!e+ Ate!ie!* a "*s fa$t*res 2ue fa.*re$e "a *9i!a$i e9istir& a"taste%(eraturas, (rese$ia !e *9:'e* !e" aire, e"e.a!as $ati!a!es !e &$i!*s'ras*s isatura!*s 3*"ei$*, "i*"ei$*, "i*"#i$*, et$+), (ue!e 1a0er (rese$ia !e"u- / (*si0i"i!a! !e e9iste$ia !e %eta"es a(*rta!*s (*r e" e2ui(a%iet*uti"i-a!*+

P!lieri&aci$n5

Da "u'ar a "a f*r%a$i !e %*%er*s / !:%er*s, %u$1*s !e e""*s s* t9i$*s,a!e%&s *s$ure$e e" a$eite+ L*s (*":%er*s fa.*re$e "a f*r%a$i !e es(u%a /

(*r tat* se i$re%eta e" (r*$es* *9i!ati.*+ Ka/ au%et* !e "a .is$*si!a! /u %a/*r arrastre !e a$eite (*r e" (r*!u$t* frit*+ A(are$e ua $a(a !e(*":%er*s a!1eri!a a "as (are!es !e "a frei!*ra e i$"usi.e e "a su(er;$ie !e"a$eite 2ue es !if:$i" !e e"i%iar+ E9iste (*":%er*s !e *ri'e *9i!ati.* / !e*ri'e t#r%i$*+



10/23

3


Se 1a e9(resa!* $riteri*s $* re"a$i a 2ue "*s (*":%er*s !e a"ta %asa %*"ar* s* !i'eri0"es, (*r "* 2ue tiee (*$a i%(*rta$ia e $uat* a "a utri$i /"a sa"u! !e "*s $*su%i!*res, a!e%&s se 1a *0ser.a!* 2ue "as 'rasas usua"es

e $*!i$i*es *r%a"es !e fritura i!ustria" s*"* (r*!u$e ua $ati!a!re!u$i!a !e est*s $*%(uest*s+ L*s %*%er*s / !:%er*s, (*":%er*s !e 0a6a%asa %*"ar, si s* a0s*r0i!*s (*r "a (are! itestia" / %u$1as !e estassusta$ias est& re$**$i!as $*%* t9i$as * (*te$ia"%ete $a$er:'eas, (*re6e%("* e" 0e-*(ire* (r*!u$i!* (*r "a $i$"a$i !e" $*"ester*"+

Est*s (r*$es*s !eteri*rates (ue!e *$urrir e "as 'rasas / a$eites$*%esti0"es, as: $*%* ta%0i# e "*s ":(i!*s (resetes e "*s a"i%et*s,i$"usi.e a $*$etra$i*es %e*res a" >+

L!s %rinci%ales criteri!s %ara la selecci$n del aceite de "ritura

s!n5 Esta0i"i!a! frete a" $a"eta%iet* / a" a"%a$ea%iet* / a "as

$*!i$i*es rea"es !e us* se' "a ifraestru$tura $* 2ue se $uete+ 8ut* !e fusi (*see 'ra i%(*rta$ia, !eter%ia "a a(arie$ia 3.ista /

ta$t*) !e "a su(er;$ie !e" (r*!u$t* / "a (a"ata0i"i!a! !e "a 'rasa(resete, !e(e!ie!* !e "a te%(eratura a "a 2ue se $*su%a e" %is%*,/a 2ue (*r !e0a6* !e" (ut* !e fusi !e "a 'rasa se (r*!u$e uasesa$i !esa'ra!a0"e a" (a"a!ar+

8re$i* / !is(*i0i"i!a!+

A$eites *0tei!*s !e ("atas $* %uta$i 'e#ti$a atura" * %*!i;$a!as'e#ti$a%ete %e!iate "a I'eier:a Ge#ti$a, e este $as* s*"* ei.esti'a$i 1asta "a fe$1a+ E a%0*s $as*s se *0tiee "a .aria$i e "a(r*(*r$i !e &$i!*s 'ras*s !e" a$eite+

L*s a$eites ri$*s e &$i!* "i*"#i$*, $*%* e" !e s*/a / e" !e $a*"a 3$*"-a), s*sus$e(ti0"es a sufrir t*!*s "*s (r*$es*s !e !eteri*r* ateri*r%ete e9(resa!*s+Cua!* e" a$eite !e s*/a se 1i!r*'ea (ar$ia"%ete (ara re!u$ir e" $*tei!*!e "i*"#i$* !es!e a(r*9i%a!a%ete u 1asta .a"*res %e*res a" , se*0tiee u a$eite !e fre:r re"ati.a%ete esta0"e, 2ue (ue!e uti"i-arse e

a"i%et*s frit*s e"a0*ra!*s, (ara frituras e sart# / a "a (arri""a+

Si e%0ar'*, e" us* !e 'rasas * !e a$eites .e'eta"es 1i!r*'ea!*s se e9$"u/e!e t*!a re$*%e!a$i utri$i*a", !e0i!* a" ries'* (*te$ia" (ara "a sa"u! 2uesi'i;$a e" $*su%* !e &$i!*s 'ras*s satura!*s / $* is*%er:a tras+

8*r "as ra-*es ateri*res e9iste ("atea%iet*s !e e.itar * restri'ir su us*e e" (r*$es* !e fritura+ L*s a$eites e "*s 2ue (re!*%ia "*s &$i!*s 'ras*s



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isatura!*s s* %u$1* %&s a!e$ua!*s !es!e e" (ut* !e .ista utri$i*a",(er* (reseta !es.eta6as e $uat* a su esta0i"i!a!, /a 2ue a %a/*r 'ra!*!e isatura$i*es, e" a$eite .a a ser %e*s esta0"e frete a" efe$t* !e "a

te%(eratura / "as te%(eraturas 2ue se a"$a-a !urate e" (r*$es* !e fritura(ue!e !eteri*rar seria%ete "a $*%(*si$i 2u:%i$a !e" a$eite si este es %u/isatura!*, "* 2ue i$i!e e "a sa"u! !e" $*su%i!*r / e "a $a"i!a! ses*ria"!e" (r*!u$t* frit*+

La i%(*rta$ia !e" a$eite uti"i-a!* e "a fritura es !eter%iate, tat* e$uat* a "a $a"i!a! !e'ustati.a / utri$i*a" !e "a fritura resu"tate, $*%*!es!e u (ut* !e .ista !e" re!i%iet* / !e" $*st*+

Est*s as(e$t*s est& %u/ re"a$i*a!*s $* "a $*%(*si$i e &$i!*s 'ras*s !e"*s a$eites uti"i-a!*s+ I!ea"%ete e" %e6*r a$eite (ara fritura !e0er:a ser u

(r*!u$t* !e $*siste$ia ":2ui!a a te%(eratura a%0iete, 2ue * sea!eteri*ra!* (*r e" $a"*r a("i$a!* e f*r%a $*tiua * iter%itete, 2ue *i%(arta %a" sa0*r u *"*r a" (r*!u$t* 2ue se fr:e, 2ue * (resete "*s efe$t*se'ati.*s atri0ui!*s a "*s &$i!*s 'ras*s satura!*s e 1i!r*'ea!*s / $* u$*st* ra-*a0"e+

Diferetes $*%(*etes atura"es %i*ritari*s !e "*s a$eites, (*r e6e%("* "*st*$*fer*"es, $* a$$i ati*9i!ate, !eter%ia!*s ester*"es 2ue (ue!eretar!ar "a (*"i%eri-a$i a te%(eraturas si%i"ares a "as !e fritura, e"es$ua"e* / "*s f*sf*'"i$eri!*s 2ue fa.*re$e "a re!u$$i !e "a .e"*$i!a! !e!e'ra!a$i !e "*s &$i!*s 'ras*s isatura!*s, (ue!e afe$tarse (*r "as

te%(eraturas !e" (r*$es* / "a (rese$ia !e" *9:'e*+

A$eites !e fritura !e 'iras*" / !e $&rta%*(reseta %e*r esta0i"i!a! !a!* su a"t*$*tei!* e &$i!*s 'ras*s isatura!*s / 0a6*$*tei!* !e t*$*fer*"es+ Si e%0ar'*, s*a!e$ua!*s (ara freir $ua!* (reseta a"t*$*tei!* !e &$i!* *"ei$* a" ser *0tei!as !e("atas %*!i;$a!as 'e#ti$a%ete+

La e.a"ua$i !e $uatr* a$eites 3a$eite !e

*"i.a, a$eite !e 'iras*" $*.e$i*a", a$eite !e'iras*" !e a"t* *"ei$* / a$eite .e'eta"(ar$ia"%ete 1i!r*'ea!* e"a0*ra!* (ara(r*$es*s !e fritura !e a"i%et*s r&(i!*s),uti"i-a!*s e "a fritura !e (a(as (refritas $*'e"a!as e $*!i$i*es si%i"ares a"as !e restaurates / !e esta0"e$i%iet*s !e a"i%et*s r&(i!*s arr*6 2ue e"a$eite !e 'iras*" a"t* *"ei$* / e" !e 'iras*" $*.e$i*a" (resetar* e" %a/*r



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/ e" %e*r re!i%iet*, res(e$ti.a%ete+ E $uat* a "a $a"i!a! ses*ria" !e"as (a(as fritas se e$*tr 2ue !e f*r%a 'eera" t*!*s "*s a$eites (r*.*$ar*u i.e" si%i"ar !e a$e(ta$i !e'ustati.a !e" (r*!u$t*, e9$e(t* "as fritas $*

a$eite !e 'iras*" $*.e$i*a" 2ue tu.ier* ua %e*r $a"i!a!+Las 'rasas %**isatura!as s* "as %&s a!e$ua!as !es!e u (ut* !e .istautri$i*a", as: $*%* ta%0i# (*r su esta0i"i!a! !urate "a fritura+

L*s a$eites %&s satura!*s (reseta %a/*r esta0i"i!a!, s* %e*s (r*(es*sa "*s (r*$es*s !eteri*rates, (er* si "a 'rasa !e freir es s"i!a a te%(eraturaa%0iete (ue!e 'eerarse ua su(er;$ie !ura, i!esea0"e e a"'u*s(r*!u$t*s frit*s+

Cua!* "*s a$eites se uti"i-a $*tiua%ete $*%* e restaura$i, see$esita 2ue sea a"ta%ete resistetes+ E este $as* se e%("ea 'rasas%&s s"i!as 2ue %a9i%i$e "a esta0i"i!a! (ara %u$1as 1*ras !e fritura+

8ara *0teer u a(r*.e$1a%iet* (ti%* !e" a$eite, es e$esari* teer e$ueta "as $*!i$i*es !e fritura+ L*s (ri$i(a"es (ar&%etr*s 2ue se !e0e$*si!erar s* "a te%(eratura !e" (r*$es*, su !ura$i / "a atura"e-a !e "*sa"i%et*s 2ue se .a/a a fre:r+

U us* $*tiu* * iter%itete !e" a$eite es i%(*rtate, /a 2ue e" us*$*tiua!* $rea ua $a(a !e .a(*r !e a'ua (r*te$t*ra frete a "a *9i!a$i+

AHa!ir ati*9i!ates a" a$eite (er%itir& 2ue este te'a ua .i!a ti" %a/*r /

'eerar& (r*!u$t*s frit*s !e 0uea $a"i!a!, "'i$a%ete si se $u%("e "as0ueas (r&$ti$as !e" (r*$es* !e fritura+ L*s ati*9i!ates (ue!e ser atura"es* sit#ti$*s / (ue!e uti"i-arse i!i.i!ua"%ete * e %e-$"as+ Las %e-$"as !eati*9i!ates tiee i%(*rtate efe$t* sier'ista, !a %a/*r .ersati"i!a! !e(r*te$$i+

LAS 1UENAS PR7C/ICAS EN LA FRI/URA)

O0teer a"i%et*s frit*s $* $a"i!a! saitaria re2ueri!a / $a"i!a! ses*ria"$ara$ter:sti$a, 2ue e" a$eite se %ate'a !etr* !e "*s ":%ites !e $a"i!a!a!e$ua!*s / 2ue a!e%&s "a frituras sea "* %&s reta0"e (*si0"e re2uiere !e "a

a("i$a$i !e "as 0ueas (r&$ti$as !urate e" (r*$es* !e fritura+

Etre "as 0ueas (r&$ti$as !e" (r*$es* !e fritura se e$uetra

A$eite !e 0uea $a"i!a! / esta0i"i!a! frete a" $a"eta%iet*, a "aste%(eraturas re2ueri!as (*r e" (r*$es*+

A"i%et* $* "as $*!i$i*es (ara e" (r*$es*+



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Te%(eraturas "* %&s 0a6as (*si0"e, $*%(ati0"es $* (r*!u$t*s frit*s !e0uea $a"i!a! 3>?@=>@*C)+

8r*(*r$i $*rre$ta etre a$eite / a"i%et*+

Frei!*ra a(r*(ia!a+ Fi"tra!* fre$uete !e" a$eite+ Va$ia!* / "i%(ie-a fre$uete !e" e2ui(*+ Re$a%0i* !e" a$eite e e" %*%et* 6ust*+ Fre$uete a&"isis !e" a$eite !urate su us*+ C*ser.a$i=reuti"i-a$i a!e$ua!a !e" a$eite+ 8*si0"e us* !e ati*9i!ates+ 8re(ara$i / e!u$a$i a!e$ua!a !e" (ers*a" i.*"u$ra!*+

Se re$*%ie!a * efe$tuar "a fritura a te%(eraturas %a/*res !e >*C $*"ar'*s (eri*!*s !e $a"eta%iet* / si a!i$i !e a$eite fres$*+ La fritura ser&ta(a!a / e" re$i(iete * !e0e !es(re!er %eta"es, 1a/ 2ue 'arati-ar "asa"i!a !e" .a(*r (ara e"i%iar "*s $*%(uest*s .*"&ti"es+ Otr* as(e$t* es%ateer e" a$eite a 0a6a te%(eratura %ietras * se uti"i$e, a!e%&s !ee%("ear a$eites !e e"e.a!a esta0i"i!a! t#r%i$a+

E9iste !ifere$ias susta$ia"es etre "a fritura i!ustria" / "a 1*'areHa, !erestaurates / !e a"i%et*s r&(i!*s+ Mietras 2ue e "a (ri%era (re!*%ia"*s (r*$es*s $*tiu*s, re(*i#!*se a$eite fres$* a %e!i!a 2ue este es$*su%i!* (*r e" a"i%et* / (r&$ti$a%ete * se !es$arta a$eite,'eera"%ete 1a/ a!i$i $*state !e a$eite fres$*, e "as *tras "*s (r*$es*ss* !is$*tiu*s+ E restaurates / a"i%et*s r&(i!*s es $riti$a "a (*si0i"i!a!

!e reuti"i-ar e" a$eite / esta0"e$er $riteri*s *06eti.*s (ara !eter%iar e"%*%et* !e !es$arte (*r (#r!i!a !e $a"i!a!es ses*ria" / utri$i*a"+

E "*s 1*'ares, !*!e "*s a$eites se usa *r%a"%ete !urate (eri*!*s !etie%(* %u$1* %&s $*rt*s / se !ese$1a !es(u#s !e 1a0erse uti"i-a!* ua *!*s .e$es, "*s (r*0"e%as !e esta0i"i!a! !e" a$eite tiee ua %e*ri%(*rta$ia+ 8*r *tra (arte, e "as *(era$i*es !e ser.i$i*s !e $*%i!as(re(ara!as, !*!e e" $a"eta%iet* es iter%itete / "*s a$eites (ue!eusarse !urate (r*"*'a!*s (eri*!*s !e tie%(*, su esta0i"i!a! es!eter%iate+



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IV) 2A/ERIALES

• Ba"a-a aa":ti$a Vas* (re$i(ita!*

• C*$ia e"#$tri$a A$eite

• Care 3K*t !*') 8a(as

V) 28/ODOS



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2edici$n de l!s c!%uest!s %!lares L*s $*%(uest*s (*"ares s* "*s su0(r*!u$t*s 2ue se f*r%a$ua!* u tri'"i$#ri!* es %*!i;$a!* (*r e" (r*$es* !e fritura+

Su f*r%a$i se re"a$i*a $* fa$t*res $*%* e"s*0re$a"eta%iet* !e" a$eite, "a fritura !is$*tiua 3$a"etar /fre:r, efriar / "ue'* .*".er a $a"etar, fre:r / .*".er a efriar) /"a fritura $*%0ia!a !e !iferetes $"ases !e a"i%et*s, ees(e$ia" "a %e-$"a !e a"i%et*s !e *ri'e .e'eta" $*a"i%et*s !e *ri'e ai%a", t*!*s e""*s fa$t*res 0astate$*%ues e "*s ser.i$i*s !e a"*6a%iet* tur:sti$* /esta0"e$i%iet*s 'astr*%i$*s+ Su %e!i$i (er%ite !e$i!ir e"%*%et* a!e$ua!* e e" 2ue $*.iee ree%("a-ar e" a$eitease'ura!* su %&9i%* a(r*.e$1a%iet*+

C!! .t!d! !9cial se deterinan %!ra+s!rci$n en c!luna 3AOCS Met1*! >+?), au2ue e"a a$tua"i!a! e9iste (rue0as !e !eter%ia$i !e f&$i" %ae6*2ue *0tiee resu"ta!*s ;a0"es !e f*r%a re"ati.a%ete se$i""a+E" ":%ite %&9i%* !e" $*tei!* !e est*s $*%(uest*s (ue!e.ariar se' e" (a:s etre = ?+ E C1i"e e" Reglaent!Sanitari! de Alient!s 3De$ret* Su(re%* N ??P !e"Miisteri* !e Sa"u!), "* 1a esta0"e$i!* e u @ !e

$*%(uest*s (*"ares $*%* %&9i%*+

A $ausa !e "a !i;$u"ta! (ara$uati;$ar e" (*r$eta6e !e$*%(uest*s (*"ares (resetese "*s a$eites / 'rasas !efritura se' %#t*!*s *;$ia"es,"*s $ua"es !e0e !esarr*""arsee "a0*rat*ri*s es(e$ia"i-a!*s/ re2uiere u (er:*!* !e

tie%(* !e uas 1*ras (ara$**$er e" resu"ta!*, se 1a e9te!i!* "a uti"i-a$i !e (rue0as!e !eter%ia$i r&(i!a "* su;$iete%ete ;a0"es / f&$i"es !euti"i-ar e e" %*%et* !e "a is(e$$i (ara (*!er .a"*rar e"'ra!* !e a"tera$i+



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L*s 7its !e (rue0as e9istetes e "a a$tua"i!a! (ara "a!eter%ia$i "*s $*%(uest*s (*"ares 0asa su fu$i*a%iet*e e" esa/* !e 8ere.a"*. %*!i;$a!*, 2ue usa u i!i$a!*rre!*9 2ue $a%0ia !e $*"*r a" au%etar "a $ati!a! !e$*%(uest*s !e *9i!a$i+

L*s %e!i!*res !e $*%(uest*s (*"ares se $*%(*e !e uaui!a! $a"eta!*ra $*tr*"a!a (*r u %i$r*(r*$esa!*r 2ue seusa (ara %ateer "a %uestra !e a$eite a ua te%(eratura$*state !e >?> C !urate @ %iut*s a$ti.a!* ua serie !e

tiras 1e$1as !e ua 1*6a !e 8ET $* u re$u0ri%iet* !e 'e" !es:"i$e 2ue ""e.a e "a (arte iferi*r !e "a tira u (ut* $* u$*"*rate es(e$ia"+ E" !es("a-a%iet* !e !i$1* (ut* es!ire$ta%ete (r*(*r$i*a" a "a $ati!a! !e $*%(uest*s (*"ares+Cua!* e" test 1a ter%ia!*, "a (arte su(eri*r !e" (ut* a-u"i!i$a e" i.e" !e !e'ra!a$i !e" a$eite+ La "e$tura !e "a!e'ra!a$i se rea"i-a $*"*$a!* "a tira !e 8ET e ua es$a"asitua!a e "a ta(a !e "a ui!a!+

Est*s %e!i!*res (ue!e ser usa!*s $* $ua"2uier ti(* !e

a$eite 3.e'eta", ai%a" * %e-$"a) / e $ua"2uier ti(* !ea"i%et* a fre:r+ La %uestra !e" a$eite se !e0e t*%ar $ua!*#ste est& ":2ui!*, a $ua"2uier te%(eratura+ Ua .e- 2ue "a (arte su(eri*r !e" (ut* a-u" a"$a-a *s*0re(asa "as ":eas !e" ":%ite 1a/ 2ue !ese$1ar e" a$eite ta" /$*%* se *0ser.a e "as ;'uras a $*tiua$i+

A$eite e 0ue esta!* Se re$*%ie!a $a%0iar e" a$eiteDese$1ar e" a$eite



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Otr!s .t!d!s De0i!* a "a (*$a (re$isi (ara re$*%e!ar e" %er* !efrituras / e" tie%(* !e us* !e "*s a$eites, e "a a$tua"i!a!e9iste ua 'ra .arie!a! !e test 2u:%i$*s !e f&$i" %ae6* / !e!eter%ia$i r&(i!a 0asa!*s e "a %e!i$i !e (r*(ie!a!esf:si$as * 2u:%i$as

a) C!l!r) Se rea"i-a %e!iate "a uti"i-a$i !e 7its !e

!eter%ia$i !e $*"*r+ Ta%0i# se 1a !esarr*""a!* $artas!e $*"*r 2ue %ae6a ra'*s !e a$e(ta0"e a * a$e(ta0"e+

0) Val!r de Per$6id!) Se !eter%ia (*r titu"a$i+ L*s a$eites/ 'rasas .e'eta"es se $*si!era ra$i*s a u .a"*r !e ?%E2 3%i"ie2ui.a"etes), %ietras 2ue (ara "as !e *ri'eai%a" e" .a"*r se sita e %E2+ Esta (rue0a * es %u/re(resetati.a !e "a $a"i!a! !e" a$eite !e fritura /a 2ue "*s(er9i!*s tie!e a !es$*%(*erse a "as te%(eraturas !efritura+

$) F!raci$n de es%ua) Es u i!i$a!*r !e "a(*"i%eri-a$i e e" a$eite+ Si "a es(u%a !urate e" fre:!* *se !isi(a * !is(ersa, i!i$a 2ue e" a$eite !e0e !ese$1arse+Ua %aera !e $uati;$ar "a es(u%a f*r%a!a es $*tr*"ar"a a"tura 2ue a"$a-a e "a frei!*ra+

!) Punt! de :ue!) La !is%iu$i !e #ste i%("i$a 2ue 1a/'ra $ati!a! !e &$i!*s 'ras*s "i0res f*r%a!*s (*r "a

1i!r"isis e e" a$eite+

e) C!nstante diel.ctrica) La f*r%a$i !e $*%(uest*s(*"ares afe$ta a "a $*state !ie"#$tri$a+ Se %i!e $* uses*r es(e$ia" (ara esta a("i$a$i+



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f) C!ntainantes alcalin!s) Mi!e e" au%et* e e" (K(r*!u$i!* (*r resi!u*s !e "*s a"i%et*s+ Se uti"i-a e" a-u" !e0r*%*fe*"+

VI) RESUL/ADOS

Cua!r* !e resu"ta!*s

; Freíd! 4; Freíd! 3; Freíd! Muestra!e K*!*$7

3)3 L )> L )3= L )4 L L

V*"u%e!eA":$u*ta

= L < L = L = L = L

Muestra!e (a(as

)? L 4)@ L 4)3 L )= L )? L

V*"u%e!eA":$u*ta

= L 3)= L = L = L = L

Calcul! de la acide&5

Acidez=V gasto×N NaOH ×meq.ácido×100

V alicuota

Eq 7cid! !leic! B )4@4



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P!rcentae de acide&

> Fre:!* Fre:!* Fre:!* Fre:!* @ Fre:!*

;2uestra

)@> )4@ )> )>>@ )=><

4;2uestra

) )44=> )4?4 )@ )=

VII) CONCLUSIONES

E" us* !e "*s a$eites est& !eter%ia!* (*r e" (ut* !e2uie0re !e" %is%* 2ue rea$$i*a !e !istita f*r%a $* "*s!i.ers*s (r*!u$t*s siet* este e" !e a$i!e- a(r*9+ !e" +

E" $ua" (ue!e ser a"$a-a!* %&s f&$i"%ete a" 1a$er us* !e"a$eite e "a $*$$i !e "a $are * !e "*s 1ue.*s, a

$*%(ara$i !e su us* e "a fritura !e (a(a+

Est* *$urre (*r "a !i.ersa $*%(*si$i !e "*s (r*!u$t*s /a2ue "a (a(a 3(reseta a"%i!, * tiee 'rasas, * !eri.a !eu ser .i.*, * $*tiee "i(asas) %ietras 2ue "as $ares$*%* e" 1*t !*' usa!* e esta e9(erie$ia 3$*tiee u a"t*$*tei!* !e (r*te:as / 'rasas, (r*.iee !e u ser .i.*,$*ser.a "as "i(asas, * tiee a"%i! / (reseta %&s%iera"es)+

VIII) DISCUSIONES E" $*tei!* !e 1u%e!a! / %aterias .*"&ti"es, * !e0er& ser

%a/*r a , e "*s a$eites $*%esti0"es / * %&s !e ,@ e "as%ate$as * 'rasas+ N* !e0er& $*teer %&s !e ,@ !e a$i!e-"i0re, e9(resa!a $*%* &$i!* *"ei$* 34Gu:a !e Me6*res T#$i$as



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Dis(*i0"es (ara e" Us* Ó(ti%* !e A$eites / Grasas !e Fritura ee" Se$t*r Gastr*%i$* / !e A"*6a%iet* Tur:sti$*5)+

E" (*r$eta6e !e a$i!e- (ara u %is%* a$eite $* !iferetes%uestras, !a $*%* resu"ta!* !ifere$ias, est* !e0i!* a 2ue "as$ares 3"*s te6i!*s ai%a"es) (*see "i(asas 3e-i%as), %iera"es,%eta"es (esa!*s / !istitas (r*te:as 2ue i


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