Ex 12 and 13, Ch 11 Cardiovasular-SHOW

8/7/2019 Ex 12 and 13, Ch 11 Cardiovasular-SHOW

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Heart

Chapter 11


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Heart

System of a pump and pathway for

blood to travel

Arteries- vessels that carry blood

away from the heart (Arterioles)

Veins- vessels that carry blood to the

heart (Venules)

Capillaries are very small vessels thatconnect the two at the microscopic level


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- Exchange nutrients for waste

- Exchange O2 for CO2

Heart lies in the pericardial cavityin the lower portion of the

mediastinum.

The inferior portion has a point or tipcalled the apex


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The pericardium consists of two principleportions.

1- fibrous pericardium

2- serous pericardium

Fibrous pericardium: tough and inelastic

- rests on and attaches to diaphragm.

- provides protection


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Serous pericardium:

- thinner, delicate, double layered.

- Visceral pericardium: (epicardium)

contacts the surface of the heart

- Parietal pericardium: loose fitting membranearound heart

- Pericardial space: separates two layers withpericardial fluid (lubricates membranes)


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Heart consists of three layers:

1- Endocardium: lines inside of heart

and heart valves

2- Myocardium: thick heart muscle.

Blood supplied by coronaryarteries

3- Epicardium: outer layer


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Heart has four chambers

Two upper chambers are called atria (sing.atrium)

Right and left

Two lower chambers called ventricles

Right and left

Right and left ventricles are separated by athick walled structure called the

Interventricular septum


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Blood flow between chambers and largerarteries pass through valves

Valves that connect the upper atria to thelower ventricles are termedatrioventricular valves. There are two

1- Tricuspid valve. This 3 flapped valveconnects the right atria to the rightventricle

2- Bicuspid valve (mitral): This 2 flapped

valve connect the left atria to the leftventricle


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Valves that connect the lower

ventricles to the larger arteries

carrying blood away from the heart arecalled semilunar valves.

1- Pulmonary semilunar valve: Valvelocated between the right ventricle and

the pulmonary artery

2- Aortic semilunar valve: Valvelocated between left ventricle and

aorta.

C i f h h i l


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Contraction of the heart is systole

Relaxation of the heart is called

diastole

When the heart beats the atria

contract first and together then theventricles contract second and

together.


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Auscultation of the heart

Lubb Dupp

Lubb: AV valves closing.

Dupp: Semilunar valves closing.

1- Pulmonary valve: ribs 2 & 3 on left

2- Aortic valve: ribs 2 & 3 on right

3- Biscuspid valve: ribs 5 & 6 on leftmid line of clavicle

4- Tricuspid valve: ribs 5 & 6 on rightsternal margin

Documents

Ex 12 and 13, Ch 11 Cardiovasular-SHOW