Ex Pro Lanka

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The report has been prepared as a fulfillment of the partial requirement of the internship program

as authorized by MKT Department, SoutheastUniversity. The primary goal of the internship

prospectus is to provide on the job coverage to the student and an opportunity for translation oftheoretical conceptions in real life situation. Students are placed in enterprises, organizations,

research institutions as well as development projects. The program covers an overall period of

approximate 12 weeks of organizational attachment, with report finalization work.

1.3 Purpose of the study:

As an institution, Expolanka has been contributing towards the development of any economy for

a long time and at the moment it is treated as an important service industry in modern world.

Nowadays, the freight forwarding is not limited within the same geographical limit of anycountry. Due to globalization and free market economy, this industry is facing severe

competition. One of the major reasons of their poor performance is adaptation of traditional

forwarding system. They are very much slow in adopting new product line, less concerned about

attracting and satisfying customers and being reluctant to implement information technology. But

the most important thing is that nearly all of the company is more focusing on sale rather than theservice, even they do not know how to evaluate their performance.

Basically, this study is conducted to expose the way to find out the employees satisfaction level

and know how to provide them better service. Different evaluating procedures and techniques

have been followed to measure the employees satisfaction.

1.4 Methodology of the Study:

For achieving the specific objectives of this study were gathering from both primary and

secondary sources.

1.5 Primary Source:

Direct conversation with the respective officers of the Departments.

Face to face conversation with the employees.

Observation of the Mkt department.

1.6 Secondary Sources:

Various records of the forwarding line.

Different Types of brochures.

Website of Expolanka Limited.


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Different newsletters of FFL.

Personal files of the employee

1.7 Scope of the report:

There are five sections under the forwarding line general. I have worked in three sections

vigorously. However, majority of the responsibilities were under the loan and advancementdepartment. I had to spend most of the time working in this department and thus, I acquired a

competitive advantage of knowing the loan products better. This motivated me to prepare the

internship report on shipping products. This report finding will be limited to the life line products

1.8 Limitations of the study:

Forwarding line is, in fact, a huge operation and it is quite impossible to cope up all the activitiesduring internship period. And that for reason, limitations prevail while conducting the study. The

basic limitation faced in preparing the report was:

The freights policy of not disclosing some data and information for obvious reasons,which would have been very much useful for the report.

As the shipping is continuously changing its system is also changing time to time, it willbe difficult to ascertain the true performance of the employees each time.

Few officers sometime felt disturbed, as they were busy in job.Sometime they didnt want to supervise us out of their official work.

Sometimes it was difficult to collect data from their files, because important files are keptin volt for safety.

Performance appraisal is a very sensitive issue. So many informations are not beendisclose as sack of secrecy.

It is difficult to make information based a rich report in a shot time period. For the security of the organization many information couldnt provide me. This report is prepared within a short time.

Chapter2

The Organization

2.1 Introduction:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is a subsidiary of Orient Overseas InternationalLimited, a Hong Kong based public company, and is a worldwide leader in integrated

international container transportation and logistics services serving Asia, Europe, North

America, and Australasia. It has a highly regarded reputation in the industry as providing


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customer-focused solutions and by being a pioneer in providing Internet-based services for

clients.

2.2 History:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES was founded in the 1940s by CY Tung, with theintent of becoming the premiere Chinese international merchant fleet. Their first ship landed in

1947 on the U.S. Atlantic Coast and in Europe; the company went under the name Orient

Overseas Line. In a restructuring move to expand operations, the company went under the nameOrient Overseas International Ltd. (OOIL) in 1968. The following year, as containerized

transport began, the subsidiary Orient Overseas Container Line (EXPOLANKA FREIGHT

LIMITED LINES) was created which assumed the primary business of containerized ocean

cargo transport. In respect to ship capacity, their vessels back then could carry around 300 TEU

(trade term for space meaning Twenty foot equivalent), or fifteen 20ft. containers. Their

largest ship today (and at the moment the worlds largest), the EXPOLANKA FREIGHTLIMITED LINES Shenzhen, has a capacity of 8,063 TEU.

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES today has 160 offices in 50 countries with a global

staff of 4,000.

2.3 History of Freight Forwarding

Previously, it was relatively straight forward to define the role of the freight forwarding

community. Traditionally, it involved bringing together all the elements of international transportand distribution and arranging the most suitable space (depending on speed, cost, reliability and

security) for the clients cargo. The forwarder was also responsible for processing all paperwork,

such as customs and letters of credit.

This role has changed significantly. One of the principal catalysts for change was the entry of

the global express delivery and courier companies (also known as integrated carriers) into the

freight forwarding market in the 1980s. The fundamental difference between a traditionalfreight forwarding company and an Integrator (DHL, Fedex, UPS etc) is that a forwarder

provides pickup and delivery services but relies on independent carriers to transport thecargo. The integrated carrier also perform pickup and delivery services but use their ownvehicles and planes to transport the cargo (forwarders continue to shop around with multiple

airlines to ensure they obtain the most competitive rates for customers).

The integrators offered a range of additional services, such as pick-up and delivery, as well as

being relatively cheap and reliable. The effect on the freight market was to greatly increase

customers expectations, as a single company was now able to deal with all aspects of the


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collection and delivery of consignments. The traditional freight forwarders have therefore had

to adapt and develop specialist and high value added services (a trend not exclusive to this

industry).

Today freight forwarders activities include the following functions:

To act on the customers behalf to procure the most suitable transport and shippingservices.

To undertake the arrangement of the routing and choice of mode for the customer,together with any ancillary service such as customs clearance or packing. This level of

involvement introduces a higher level of expertise, which the shipper may not always be

able to provide.

Offering stand-alone ancillary services such as warehousing, customs clearance, packingand port agency

2.4 Span of International Operations:

The companys world and Asian Pacific headquarters are in Honk Kong; The N. American

headquarters are based in San Ramon, California, and the European headquarters are in London.Under these offices lie the individual countries with their respective headquarters and branch

offices. In some nations, the company has an associate company through which they provide

their services.

2.5 Relation to Containerized Liner Industry at Large:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is largely concentrated in Asia where it began anddeveloped into the regions market leader among mass-containerized liner carrier transport. In

the larger competitive ocean transport markets servicing Europe and North America though,EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES acts more so as a large player among a distinct

group of partners. EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is able to maintain its market

competitiveness through memberships in Conferences (next section). This business situation inthe containerized liner industry seems to be the norm nowadays, with each major player best

serving their respective markets but collaborating at the benefit of both expanding operations

combined with better and wider service coverage. EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES

has no operations in Central or South America. Could one say that this branch of the oceantransport industry has matured in size though? With respect to the number of carriers: yes. With

expanded service coverage coupled with increased trade volume: no. The general logistics

service industry over the last ten years has been one of the worlds fastest developing service

markets considering the scope of modal operations: air, truck, and sea. However, in the last threeyears large number of logistics service providers left the market while others merged and

consolidated. The merger of ocean carriers Maersk and Sealand, as well as P&O and Nedlloyd

are prime examples of this movement in ocean freight. There is however, still much growth inthis market as trade volume increases over time; variable on the geographical region being

looked at.


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North America and Western Europe have very large export production volumes that, although

important, have only marginally increased over the last 3 years in light of the global economic

recession. There is however much optimism in Central and Eastern European trade growth,complemented by the forthcoming admission of 10 new member states in the EU. The countries

most watched (in order of importance) are Poland, the Baltic Nations, the Czech and

SlovakRepublics, and Hungary. Germany will play a key role as the intermodal transportgateway to these nations. As such, logistics service providers willing to invest and serve theirneighboring countries will have high growth prospects.

The new interest in these nations has influenced the expected increase of Trans-Atlantic trade.

According to a May 2003 article by World Trade Magazine, overall Trans-Atlantic vessel

tonnage is expected to grow by 4.9 percent. Of this figure, air-freight will see marginal growth

while ocean freight is also forecasted at around 4.9% and is expected to exceed air freightexpansion for the first time in 13 years.

In Asia, annual production growth is larger with an average of 3%. The leading countries are

China with 7% and South Korea with 5%. Japan is the only exception in Asia with its tradegrowth being stagnant. (Source: Logistics Pilot August 2002). Although there is wide service

coverage already by major carriers, volume and trade will still significantly rise among majorports like Singapore and Hong Kong with further port investment and growth among large

regional ports including Shanghai and Shenzhen, and other smaller ports. EXPOLANKA

FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is the leading carrier here, already serving direct routes from

Europe to cities that used to only be covered by transshipment in Hong Kong. One ofEXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINESs main competitors in the Asia region is China

Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO).

Combined with the growth in Asian-European trade and Trans-Atlantic trade, ports like

Antwerp, Rotterdam and Hamburg will continue to grow and expand. Hamburg expects in thenear-future to see an increase in container traffic of 16% with a large portion stemming fromChina and the Baltic Sea region.

A specific issue (discussed on p.13) related to the larger proportion of exports/imports from Asiato Europe trade, is the increased costs associated with moving unloaded containers within the

European continent. This is causing a supply chain headache for all container companies in

countries where export demand is not as high as that of import.

2.6 Conference Lines:

A shipping conference is a voluntary association of ocean carriers operating on a particular trade

route between two or more countries. These associations were originally formed in the

nineteenth century as a means to provide transport services for trade between England and itscolonies.

A shipping conference establishes uniform freight rates, and terms & conditions that are adheredto by the member carriers. Although the sheer nature of this organizational structure can be

compared to that of a cartel, it is seen as very beneficial in the growth of international trade


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through the establishment of stable and predictable rate levels. This in turn, reduces the threat of

predatory price competition.

Although a conference serves as the association at large, member carriers are divided into

alliances which provide the basis for a liner service. The carriers share or lease out an agreed

portion of their ships to other members, thus providing more frequent services for each. At thebenefit of countries and customers, liner services provide sailings on a regular schedule to and

from specific ports along a trade route. This schedule is regularly updated for each ships ETA

and ETD. The intervals, upon which the sailing schedules are set, are determined by the amountof cargo transported on that route. For large routes from Asia-Europe, this is a weekly service.

For smaller inter-regional traffic, these may be on a two week basis.

In order to keep conferences from unfairly discriminating against independent carriers through

particular membership requirements, the U.S. and Germany require that all conferences that

serve their ports must be open. This means they must be willing to accept new carriers under fair

and reasonable terms and conditions.

The formation of modern alliances began in 1994 with the formation of the Global Alliance

between American President Lines, Mitsui OSK Line, EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITEDLINES, and Nedlloyd Lines. The Grand Alliance came next with the members: NYK, Hapag-

Lloyd, Neptune Orient Line, and P&O). The following shows the major alliances today:

New World Alliance Independent Carriers Alliance

APL CMA/CGM

Hyundai CSAV/Chilean Line

MOL Hanjin Shipping

Montemar Maritime

Zim Israel Navigation Co.

New Grand Alliance CKYH Alliance

Hapag-Lloyd COSCO

NYK Line . K Line

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES Hanjin Shipping

MISC Yang Ming Line


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P & O Nedlloyd

Hanjin/Senator/UASG

2.7 Values:

Service Excelle

Opennes

Trust

Integrity

Responsible corporate citizen

2.8 Objectives of EFLL(Environmental Foundation Logistics Limited) :

Promote, protect and develop a sound freight forwarding and logistics industry, as theassociation may deem appropriate, in close cooperation and consultation with any

government or non-governmental authority or the private sector.

Promote and enhance Sri Lanka as a regional and international logistics hub with areputation for reliability, integrity and high standards by introducing best in class freight

forwarding and logistics practice and management.

Represent, protect and promote the interests of Members and, enhance solidarity andmutual assistance between its members.

Organize trade events and promote members participation in commercial eventsorganized by the association and by third parties.

Facilitate capacity building by promoting training and development of members and oftheir employees and of people interested in making freight forwarding and logistics acareer.

Foster good relations with associations whose objectives are, directly or indirectly,similar to those set out above.

Improve the overall professional image of the freight forwarding and logistic industry. Exchange information between industry stakeholders in order to improve the entire

freight forwarding and logistic process.

Develop best practice industry standards in meeting the needs of consumers. Carry out the general functions of a trade organization and to provide information for its

members through electronic means, publications and of meetings and conferences.


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Represent, promote and protect the interests of the industry by participating as advisors orexperts in meetings of international bodies dealing with transportation.

2.9 Service of EFLL:

International freight forwarding

Air & Ocean services Import & Export CustomclearanceOcean / Air combination services Project forwarding Freight consulting Air & Sea freight charters NVOCC operations Break bulk handling Exhibition forwarding Storage and warehouse

Distribution

2.10 Department Activities and Responsibilities:

The Scandinavian-Baltic territory is served by either EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED

LINESs own SBX service or by Public Feeders. Containers originating from Germany orelsewhere to a city in this region will have their shipping arrangements made by Transshipment.

The only exception is the city of Gothenburg, Sweden which is served by the Iberia Scan

Express Service (ISX).

On the SBX route, there are three ships: the Neva, Nevskiy, and Narva which can carry up to 600

TEU. The Neva and Nevskiy operate on the SBX1 route while the Narva is on the SBX2 route.The port rotation for both services is as follows:

SBX1: Grangemouth \ Antwerp \ Rotterdam \ Hamburg \ Gdansk \ St Petersburg \ Hamburg \Grangemouth

SBX2: Hamburg \ St Petersburg \ Hamina \ Hamburg

The amount of TEU that Transshipment Bremen is allowed to book on the SBX service is

allocated on a weekly schedule from England. If the department needs to book more space, theywould have to call the Trade department in England and receive approval.

The SBX booking/notification process begins with the retrieval from InfoNet of a ContainerAnnouncement List (CAL). This details the containers to be loaded/discharged from/to the port

or to another ship. The tasks vary depending where the container is coming from. Containers

from previously called SBX cities (east or west) may need to be unloaded if final destination isGermany, or another country by which mothership or public feeder further transports the cargo.


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Freight forwarding services negotiate the best possible price to move the product along the most

economical route by working out various bids and choosing the one that best balances speed,

cost and reliability.

A freight forwarding service generally provides one or more estimates to the client along with

advisement, when necessary. Considerations that effect price will range from origin anddestination to special requirements, such as refrigeration or, for example, transport of potentially

hazardous materials. Assuming the client accepts the forwarders bid, the freight is readied for

shipping. The freight forwarding service then undertakes the responsibility of arranging thetransport from point of origin to destination.

3.2 EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES Conference:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is a member of three conferences. These are the

Trans-Atlantic Conference Agreement (TACA), the Far East Freight Conference (FEFC), andthe Canadian Secretariat (CANSEC).

3.2.1 TACATrans Atlantic Conference Agreement:

This conference serves ports between Europe and the U.S. East, Gulf, and West Coast.

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is a member of the New Grand Alliance along withthe following other members: Hapag-Lloyd, NYK Line, P&O Nedlloyd, and MISC.

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES serves these routes along with the New Grand

Alliance members (excluding MISC) and including TMM, Americana, and Lykes (for the GMXand GAX routes). With each carrier, EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES has Slot

Charter Agreements in which it rents and leases vessel space.

3.2.2 FEFCFar East Freight Conference:

This conference serves between Europe Asia and Asia N. America. EXPOLANKA

FREIGHT LIMITED LINES serves this route through the New Grand Alliance. Since the

creation of this alliance in January 1998, member carriers combined ports of destina tion have

vastly expanded and service routes have become very frequent and reliable.

3.2.3 CANSECThe Canadian Secretariat:

This conference serves between Europe and Canada. Under this conference, EXPOLANKA

FREIGHT LIMITED LINES is a member of the Saint Lawrence Coordinated Service (SLCS)


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along with the other members Hapag-Lloyd, Canadian Maritime, and Container Atlantic

Shipping Transportation (CAST).

3.2.3 Other Alliances:

The Asia Australia Alliance (AAA) is an alliance between Pacific International Lines (PIL),Malaysia International Shipping Corporation (MISC), Mitsui OSK Lines (MOL), and

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES . Together they serve ports between Southeast Asia

and Australia.

3.3 Services Offered and Assets:

3.3.1Trade Routes:

The following routes cover transport for Europe-Asia and Europe-North America.EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES covers other important routes over the Pacific

Ocean and offers a significant number of routes for intra- Asia; those however will not be

discussed here. Another route not mentioned here but in Section II, is the Scandinavian-BalticExpress. The main gateway European ports for EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES are:

Southampton, Le Havre, Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Rotterdam, and Antwerp. The acronym for

Trans-Atlantic Trade is TAT, whereas Asia-Europe Trade is AET.

EuropeCanada: There is the Gateway Express consisting of three services lines each runningonce a week between 5 European cities and Montreal. The service acronym to Canada is TAG,while the individual routes are GEX 1-3. GEX2 is the only line that connects to Germany,

through Hamburg.

Europe USA/Mexico: There are five service lines running each once a week connecting 7

European cities to 13 N. American cities. The lines connecting in Hamburg include the Atlantic

Express (ATXS) and the S. Atlantic Express (SGXS). Lines connecting in Bremerhaven include

the Gulf Mexico Exp. (GMX), the Pacific Atlantic Exp. (PAX), and the Gulf Atlantic Exp.

(GAX). All routes except PAX (which falls under TAP), are grouped under the acronym TAN.

Europe Asia: In conjunction with the New Grand Alliance, EXPOLANKA FREIGHTLIMITED LINES offers six service loops connecting 10 European cities to China, Japan,

Singapore, Korea, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Middle East. Each loop covers a particular

group of cities, but the two main Asian cities covered are Singapore and Hong Kong. Hamburg


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covers loops A through E with the exception of B, covered by Bremerhaven. Loop F covers

MediterraneanAsia trade. Loops A through E fall

under the service acronym AEC (C for Continent) while Loop F falls under AEM.

3.3.2 Containers:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES has around 350,000 containers worldwide. These

vary according to size and purpose. The first and most popular sort is the general twenty andforty foot length container. The exact dimensions are 20/40 x 8 x 86. High Cube (HQ)

containers are also available which offer one foot greater height, 96. These containers are made

of steel or aluminum (which is lighter and can bear a higher max gross weight).

Reefer containers are refrigerated containers for temperature sensitive goods like food,

chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and particular medical equipment. Cooled air is delivered throughthe floor to allow thorough distribution. These containers are made of steel with a stainless steellining and are available in 20ft, 40ft and 40ft high cube sizes.

Open top containers allow bulk cargo like machinery to be loaded from overhead. They come

with a PVC tarp cover and attachable bows with cable sealing devices, in addition to removable

container doors for easier cargo stuffing. They are made of steel available in 20 and 40ft sizes.Flatracks are standard 20-40ft containers designed for heavy cargo loaded from the sides or top,

for example lumber and pipes. These are available as collapsible or non-collapsible with or

without walls, and are made of steel.

To suit the shipment needs of clothing manufacturers and distributors, EXPOLANKA FREIGHTLIMITED LINES also offers Garmentainers. These special containers come in 20 and 40ft sizes,

have either a string or bar system (or both) for hanging clothes, and offer the client greater loadinternal capacity and lower handling costs.

3.3.3 Vessels:

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES s ship fleet is modern and relatively young incomparison to other large carriers. All of their ships are registered under Hong Kong and come

in different classes with respect to capacity and purpose. The S-class with 10 ships carry within

an average of 5,500 TEU. The E-class with 2 ships carry 2,450 TEU. The F-class with 6 ships

carry an average of 3,200 TEU. The ICEclass has 3 special ships with strong reinforced hulls forvery cold weather and ice conditions; two carry up to 3,100 TEU while the last one up to 4,400

TEU. The last ship, and currently the worlds largest, is the EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED

LINES Shenzhen with a capacity for up to 8,063 TEU. While it has a fixed number of ships,

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES s membership in the Grand Alliance extends their

offering of container shipment services to over 100 ships.


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The need for larger ports

Although ocean ships will only get bigger and have higher-capacities over the next 20 years, animportant issue for certain ports is the ability to accommodate these massive vessels. In

Hamburg for example, certain large ships have to wait until high-tide until they can enter the

harbor because the water-depth is not that deep (average of 14 meters in high-tide). Even so,ships from Cuxhaven have a particular window-period of time of 2 hours within which to sail

into Hamburg. While the solution for some harbors is to build further out into the sea, this option

is quite costly and may not even be available depending on the relative geographic location ofthe port to the ocean.

In northern Germany, there is a massive study into the prospect of a new mega port in Wilhelmshaven. The project would be a costly investment and undertaking, but the prospect of building a

spacious harbor with the capacity to accommodate these massive vessels of the future is

considered well worth it. An additional benefit of this harbor would be its ability to strongly

compete against Rotterdam, already the 3rd largest port in the world. Wilhelm shaven originally

approached Bremen and Hamburg into the idea of joint investment. At the moment only Bremen(namely BLG Bremer Lagerhaus Gesellschaft) has actively taken interest in the prospect.

Although the long-term investment potential is quite large, a greater issue at hand is the massiveinfrastructure needed to support the port including larger highways, bonded warehouses, and

companies willing to establish offices there. The largest and most important investment needed

would be the building of a two-track electric railway to connect Wilhelm shaven to either

Bremen or Osnabrck; this would need to be funded by the German Parliament.

3.3.4 Terminals:

A terminal is an area of the harbor where a ship docks and from which its cargo is unloaded. It

also may include a container yard and bonded warehouses. Terminals may be state or privatelyowned and operated, and may be located in- or outside of the Free Trade Zone of a harbor (ifavailable). The commission in charge of the terminal draws up the applicable load/unloading,

storage, and other applicable fees it charges the carriers.

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES also owns and operates port terminals in Asia and

North-America. These include:

Taiwan: Kaosiung Terminal

Los Angeles: Long Beach Container Terminal

New Jersey: Global Terminal

New York: Howland Hook

Vancouver: Deltaport and Vantern

3.3.5 Bill of Lading:


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This official legal document issued by the carrier to the shipper is a contract of carriage that

represents the ownership of cargo, a negotiable document to accept cargo, and the terms and

conditions under this contract that identify the responsibilities and liabilities of each party. IssuedB/Ls come usually in a set of three originals which are signed by the master of the ship or

another authorized person on behalf of the shipping company. On presentation of any of the three

originals (along with appropriate payment), the master or authorized person has to turn over thegoods to the consignee or delegated party.

Types of B/Ls

1) StraightHere the consignment is made directly to the overseas customer or

other entrusted agent to further handle the goods.

2) Order This B/L is negotiable, meaning that it can be bought, traded, or sold. There is nodesignated consignee, but rather an agent which is to be notified upon arrival of the goods. Theagent is responsible for properly identifying to the carrier the right to pay for and pick up the

goods. If the agent or overseas customer is unable to pay, the carrier (after notifying the shipper

and a certain amount of time has expired) has the option to sell the B/L (and thus the goods) toan interested party. The transfer of title is completed when the carrier endorses the B/L to the

respective agent or buyer.

3) ThroughThis B/L is issued by the freight forwarder or carrier, and covers

the contract of carriage for all primary and intermodal carriers used in the shipment from point of

origin to destination.

Terms and Conditions

The terms and conditions on the back of a B/L highlight the responsibilities of the carrier and

their liabilities. This section is very important. As carriers would probably like to draw up theirown limitations of the contract, all affected parties in B/Ls are subject not only to national laws,

but international laws drawn under conventions signed by various nations. Under the

EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES standard Bill of Lading, the following sections are

outlined:

Sections

1-2: Definitions attributed to terms used, such as CARRIER, MERCHANT, GOODS,PORT

OF RECEIPT, HAGUE-RULES, and STATE.


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3: Declaration of Carriers tariff to be further outlined. Copies of applicable tariffs can be

obtained from EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES. In areas of inconsistency between

the B/L and applicable tariffs, the B/L shall preside except in the U.S. where the tariff provisionspreside.

4: Carriers Responsibility and Clause Paramount. This section details EXPOLANKAFREIGHT LIMITED LINES sliabilities and the parties responsible under specific scenarios.

Where limitations of liability are unclear, they are further delegated to international/national laws

where applicable.

5-6: These sections outline the Merchants warrants for the authority to ship the goods that are

suitable for containerized transport, the various merchant responsibilities, and the liabilities themerchant cannot hold EXPOLANKA FREIGHT LIMITED LINES accountable for.

7: The Merchant is delegated the responsibility for complying with all applicableregulations and paying all necessary dues that arise under previously agreed terms and any

fines/penalties that may arise. Further, the carrier considers the cargo officially handed over tothe consignee should the carrier be obliged to hand over goods to customs or the port authority.

8: Here, the merchant is responsible for any damage to goods (under listed conditions) that

arise from containers that have been packed by the shipper.

Documents

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