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SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChina
ConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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1Introduction
ThePeople’sRepublicofChina(hereinafterreferredtoas“China”)signedon10December1982andratifiedon15May1996theUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(hereinafterreferredtoas“theConvention”)
Accordingtoarticle76(8)oftheConvention,article4ofAnnexIItotheConventionandtheDecisionoftheeleventhMeetingofStatesPartiestotheConvention(SPLOS/72),theStatesPartiesforwhichtheConventionenteredintoforcebefore13May1999shallsubmitparticularsoftheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasuredtotheCommissionontheLimitsoftheContinentalShelf(hereinafterreferredtoas“theCommission”)alongwithsupportingscientificandtechnicaldatabefore13May2009
Adecision(SPLOS/183)wasmadeattheeighteenthMeetingofStatesPartiestotheConventionthat“thetimeperiodreferredtoinarticle4ofAnnexIItotheConventionandthedecisioncontainedinSPLOS/72,paragraph(a),maybesatisfiedbysubmittingtotheSecretaryGeneralpreliminaryinformationindicativeoftheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesandadescriptionofthestatusofpreparationandintendeddateofmakingasubmissioninaccordancewiththerequirementsofarticle76oftheConventionandwiththeRulesofProcedureandtheScientificandTechnicalGuidelinesoftheCommissionontheLimitsoftheContinentalShelf”
ThegeomorphologicandgeologicalfeaturesshowthatthecontinentalshelfintheEastChinaSea(hereinafterreferredtoas“ECS”)isthenaturalprolongationofChina’slandterritory,andtheOkinawaTroughisanimportantgeomorphologicunitwithprominentcut?offcharacteristics,whichistheterminationtowherethecontinentalshelfofECSextendsThecontinentalshelfinECSextendsbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaofChinaismeasured
Chinadelineatestheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesinpartofECSinaccordancewitharticle76oftheConvention,AnnexIItotheConvention,theRulesofProcedureoftheCommissionandtheScientificandTechnicalGuidelinesoftheCommission
TheChineseGovernmentsubmittedthePreliminaryInformationonDefiningtheOuterLimitsofItsContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilestotheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationson12May2009ItisspecifiedinthePreliminaryInformationthat“Chinaismakingpreparationsforthesubmissionoftheinformationontheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasuredChinahasconducteddatagatheringandprocessingintheseaareasconcerned,isformulatingthesubmissioninaccordancewiththerequirementsofarticle76oftheConvention,theRulesofProcedureoftheCommissionandtheScientificandTechnicalGuidelinesoftheCommission,andisundertakingrelevantworkofassessmentandreview”,andthat“Chinaisintendedtomakeasubmissionontheouterlimitsofall
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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orpartofitscontinentalshelfthatextendsbeyond200nauticalmilesatanappropriatedateuponcompletionoftheabovework”
TheChineseGovernmenthascompletedthepreparationoftheinformationontheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesinpartofECSandherebymakesthepartialSubmission
Paragraph3ofAnnexItotheRulesofProcedureoftheCommissionprovidesthat“AsubmissionmaybemadebyacoastalStateforaportionofitscontinentalshelfinordernottoprejudicequestionsrelatingtothedelimitationofboundariesbetweenStatesinanyotherportionorportionsofthecontinentalshelfforwhichasubmissionmaybemadelater,notwithstandingtheprovisionsregardingthetenyearperiodestablishedbyarticle4ofAnnexIItotheConvention”
ThisSubmissionisapartialsubmissionconcerningtheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesinpartofECSThisSubmissionoftheChineseGovernmentiswithoutprejudicetoanyfuturesubmissionbyChinaondelineationoftheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfinECSandotherseas
ThepreparationofthisSubmissionwascarriedoutwiththeStateOceanicAdministrationofChinaandtheMinistryofForeignAffairsofChinatakingtheleadThemajorityofthedatausedinthissubmissionwastakenfromtheprojectsorganizedbytheStateOceanicAdministrationofChina,andpartofthedatawasprovidedbytheChinaGeologicalSurvey,theChineseAcademyofSciencesandChinaPetrochemicalCorporation,etc
2MapsandCoordinates
ThedataandinformationcontainedinthisSubmissionareintendedtoprovethatChina’scontinentalshelfinECSextendsbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured,andtodelineatetheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfinpartofECS
TwofiguresandonetableareincludedinthisExecutiveSummaryFigure1isthegeomorphologicmapofECSFigure2isthemapdepictingtheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfinpartofECSTable1liststhecoordinatesdefiningthefixedpointscomprisingthelineoftheouterlimitsofthe
continentalshelfinpartofECS,descriptionofanddistancebetweenthefixedpoints
3CommissionMembersWhoProvidedAdviceduringthePreparationoftheSubmission
DuringthepreparationofthisSubmission,ProfLuWenzheng,memberoftheCommissionprovidedadvice
4ProvisionsofArticle76InvokedinSupportoftheSubmission
Article76oftheConventionprovidesthat“thecontinentalshelfofacoastalStatecomprisesthe
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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seabedandsubsoilofthesubmarineareasthatextendbeyonditsterritorialseathroughoutthenaturalprolongationofitslandterritorytotheouteredgeofthecontinentalmargin”IfaclaimofacoastalStateoncontinentalshelfinvolvesareasthatextendbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured,theouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesshallbedelineatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsinparagraphs4~6ofarticle76,andinformationonthelimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasuredshallbesubmittedbythecoastalStatetotheCommission
ProvisionsinvokedinthisSubmissiontodelineatetheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesinpartofECSincludearticle76(4)(a)(ii)oftheConvention,ie“alinedelineatedbyreferencetofixedpointsnotmorethan60nauticalmilesfromthefootofthecontinentalslope”andarticle76(5),ie“thefixedpointscomprisingthelineoftheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfontheseabed… shallnotexceed350nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured”
Article76(7)providesthat“thecoastalStateshalldelineatetheouterlimitsofitscontinentalshelf,wherethatshelfextendsbeyond200nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured,bystraightlinesnotexceeding60nauticalmilesinlength,connectingfixedpoints,definedbycoordinatesoflatitudeandlongitude”InthisSubmission,thelengthsofthestraightlinesconnectingthe10fixedpointscomprisingthelineoftheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesdonotexceed60nauticalmiles
5NaturalProlongationofLandTerritory
ECS,locatedtotheeastofthemainlandofChina,consistsofthreegeomorphologicunits:theshelf,theslopeandtheOkinawaTroughThecontinentalshelfofECSisthenaturalprolongationofthemainlandofChinaThemaximalwidthoftheshelfexceeds500kmTheseafloortopographyisflatandinclinessoutheastwardsThegentleinclinationendsattheshelfbreakwherethewaterdepthdeepenssharplyandtheslopeofECSbeginsThegradientoftheslopeofECSisgentleinthenorthandsteepinthesouthThetopographyshowsastep?by?stepdeclineingeneralTheslopeofECSiscorrodedbynumerousseafloorcanyons,andthesedimentscausedbyturbiditycurrentareformedinthefootregionoftheslopeoutboardofthecanyons,leadingtocomplicatedtopographyatthebaseandinthefootregionoftheslopeOkinawaTroughisagenerallyelongateddepressionThelengthofthetroughisabout1,200kmfromnorthtosouthandthewidthis100to150kmfromeasttowestThewaterdepthofthetroughgraduallyincreasesfromnortheasttosouthwest,andthemaximumwaterdepthisover2,300meters(Figure1)
TheshelfofECS,togetherwiththeeasternpartofthemainlandofChina,istectonicallyviewedasawhole,becausebothofthemholdthesameancientcontinentalcoreTheinteractionbetweenthePacificPlateandtheEurasianPlatesincetheMesozoicera,hadgraduallyresultedintheformationofthetectonicframeworkofECSTheOkinawaTroughwasgraduallyformedbybreakupandriftingatthe
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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edgeofthecontinentalshelfofECSTheregionalstructuralfeaturesofECSvaryfromwesttoeastinstripsoftectonicunits,namelytheFujian?Zhejiangrisezone,ECSshelfbasin,theDiaoyuDaoupfoldzoneandtheOkinawaTroughbasin,withthegeologicagesindescendingorderfromwesttoeast
Figure1 GeomorphologicmapofECS
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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TheFujian?ZhejiangrisezoneconsistsofaseriesofislandsandreefsintheoffshoreandFujianZhejiangmainlandregion,andasawholethezoneshowsNEorientationThebasementofthezoneiscomposedoftworockseries,oneisNEE?trendingpre?Sinianmetamorphicrockseriesdominatedbyplagioclaseamphibolitewithlocalmigmatization,andtheotherisNNE?trendingMesozoicvolcanicanddetritalrockseries.
ECSshelfbasin,totheeastoftheFujian?Zhejiangrisezone,isthemaincomponentofEastChinaSeashelfThebasingenerallymanifestsNNE?NE?trendingdepressionscomposedofaseriesofsags,whichhasinfilledbyextremelythickCenozoicdepositsInthemiddlepartofthebasin,anupliftconsistsofaseriesofNNE?NE?trendinghighsdividedthebasinintoWest?andEastdepressionbeltsThemainpartoftheWestdepressionbeltisaPaleoceneandEoceneeastwarddippingdustpan
?likedepressionwiththebasementofvolcanicrocksandpreSinianmetamorphicrocksfoundalsointhecoastalareaofZhejiangandFujianprovincesTheEastdepressionbelt,withthebasementformedbypre?Mesozoiclow?grademetamorphicrocks,hasreceiveddepositssincetheEoceneeraLateYanshanianandearlyHimalayanvolcanicrockscanbefoundinlocalareaofthesags.
TheDiaoyuDaoupfoldzone,locatedbetweenECSshelfbasinandtheOkinawaTrough,isborderedbyfaultsonbothsidesThezone,extendingfromtheGotoIslandsofJapaninthenorthtotheTaiwanDaoofChinainthesouth,isaNNE?NEEtrendingupfoldbeltwitholdbasementThezonewasupfoldedintheHimalayanperiod,associatedwithlarge?scalemagmaticactivities,andthePaleogenesystemexperiencedintensivefoldingandmetamorphism
OkinawaTroughbasinissituatedtotheeastoftheDiaoyuDaoupfoldzoneDuetomantleupwellingandcrustextension,aNNE?NE?trendingcentralriftedzonewasformedalongthebaseofthetroughbasinThegeologicalcharacteristicsoftheOkinawaTroughbasinaredistinctlydifferentfromthoseofadjacentEastChinaSeashelf,e.g.,sharplythinnedcrust,magneticanomalylineationandhighheatflowvalueSeismicrefractionindicatesthatthecrustalthicknessofthemiddleandsouthernpartoftheOkinawaTroughhasbeensharplythinnedwiththeminimumcrustalthicknessofabout13km,andthestrippedmagneticanomalieswereidentifiedTheOkinawaTroughisoneofthehighheatflowregionsintheworld,withintensivemodernvolcanismandseafloorhydrothermalactivitiesOlivinetholeiitefoundinthesouthernpartofthetroughbearsthecharacteristicsofoceanictholeiite,whichoriginatesfromhighextentpartialmeltingofsourcerockandisresultedfromrapidmantleupwellingunderthetectonicsettingofextremelythinnedcrustcausedbyextension
Inconclusion,theshelfofECSisofstablecontinentalcrustAttheOkinawaTrough,however,duetotheupwellingoftheuppermantleandthesharpthinningofthecontinentalcrust,thecrustistransformedfromthinnedcontinentalcrusttotransitionalcrustNascentoceaniccrustoccursinthecentralriftedzoneofthesouthpartoftheOkinawaTroughTheshelfofECS,theslopeofECSandtheOkinawaTroughformapassivecontinentalmarginTheOkinawaTroughisthenaturalterminationofthecontinentalshelfofECS.
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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6DescriptionoftheOuterLimitsofContinentalShelfinPartofECS
6.1 TheFootoftheSlope(hereinafterreferredtoas“FOS”)andtheouterenvelopeof60nauticalmilesfromFOS
Article76(4)(b)oftheConventionprovidesthat“intheabsenceofevidencetothecontrary,thefootofthecontinentalslopeshallbedeterminedasthepointofmaximumchangeingradientatitsbase”Accordingtoparagraph5.1.3oftheScientificandTechnicalGuidelinesoftheCommission,thefundamentalrequirementsforthedeterminationofthefootofthecontinentalslopeare:first,identificationoftheregiondefinedasthebaseoftheslope;andsecond,determinationofthelocationofthepointofmaximumchangeinthegradientatthebaseoftheslope
Accordingtothegeomorphologicalfeaturesoftheseafloorandparagraph5.4.5oftheScientificandTechnicalGuidelinesoftheCommission,theslopebaseregionreferredtointhisSubmissionaredefinedastheareaofsuddentopographicalchangebetweenthebaseofthesteepslopeofECSandtherelativelysmoothupperriseoftheOkinawaTrough.
Basedonthemultibeam bathymetricfielddataatagridof200m ×200m andthegeomorphologicalfeaturesandtrendsoftheseafloor,aseriesofprofilesareselectedfromtheslopeofECStotheOkinawaTroughand12pointsofmaximumchangeofgradientonthebaseoftheslopearedefinedasFOSTheouterenvelopeof60nauticalmilesfromFOSisformedbasedonthe12FOS(Figure2).
6.2 MaximumwaterdepthpointsandouterlimitsofECS’scontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmiles
Thedeterminationoftheouterenvelopof60nauticalmilesfromFOSaccordingtoarticle76(4)(a)(ii)oftheConventionconfirmsthatECS’scontinentalshelfhasnaturallyprolongedtotheOkinawaTrough’saxisConsideringthegeographicalconditionsandbasedonthetopographicalchangeoftheseafloor,theouterlimitsofECS’scontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesisdefinedasthelineconnectingofthemaximumwaterdepthpointsontheaxialareaoftheprofilewhichisverticaltothetrendoftheOkinawaTrough(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“maximumwaterdepthpoints”)
TheaxialareaoftheOkinawaTroughisdeterminedbasedontheregionalgeologicalstructure,thecrustalstructure,thepetrologiccharacteristics,andthetopographicalandgeomorphologicalfeaturesoftheseafloorBasedonthemultibeambathymetricfielddataoftherelevantseaareathatChinaobtainedin1996—2002andwithreferencetoGEBCO30″×30″bathymetricdata,aseriesofmorphologicalprofileswhichareperpendiculartothetrendingoftheOkinawaTrough’saxis,arechosenAmaximumwaterdepthpointisselectedfromeachprofileThisSubmissionhasselected8maximumwaterdepthpointsasthefixedpointsfordeterminingtheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesinpartofECSAlinecomprisingstraightlinesconnectingthesepoints
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
7 Figure2 MapdepictingtheouterlimitsofthecontinentalshelfinpartofECS
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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formstheouterlimitsofECS’scontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmiles,whichdoesnotexceedtheouterenvelopeof60nauticalmilesfromFOSor350nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured.
TheouterlimitsofECS’scontinentalshelfbeyond200nauticalmilesiscomposedof10fixedpoints(FP1-FP10)inthepresentSubmission,allofwhicharethemaximumwaterdepthpointsoftheOkinawaTrough(Figure2)Thestraightlinesconnectingthefixedpointsdonotexceed60nauticalmilesinlengthSeeTable1forthecoordinatesofthesepoints
Table1 Coordinatesdefiningthefixedpointscomprisingthelineoftheouterlimitsofthecontinental
shelfinpartialareaofECS,descriptionofanddistancebetweenthefixedpoints
FixedPointLatitude
(°N)
Longitude
(°E)DescriptionofFixedPoint
FromFixed
Point
ToFixed
Point
Distance
(M)
FP1 30.8991 129.1708maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTrough— — —
FP2 30.6679 129.1588maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP1 FP2 13.85
FP3 30.4867 129.2928maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP2 FP3 12.88
FP4 30.1781 129.2767maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP3 FP4 18.49
FP5 29.6552 128.8008maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP4 FP5 39.94
FP6 29.2286 128.6608maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP5 FP6 26.56
FP7 28.9953 128.5228maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP6 FP7 15.73
FP8 28.4127 128.2528maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP7 FP8 37.66
FP9 28.1746 127.8888maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP8 FP9 23.97
FP10 27.9931 127.6248maximumwaterdepthpointontheaxisofthe
OkinawaTroughFP9 FP10 17.73
7MaritimeDelimitations
Paragraph2ofAnnexItotheRulesofProcedureoftheCommissionprovidesthatincasethereis
adisputeinthedelimitationofthecontinentalshelfbetweenoppositeoradjacentStates,orinothercasesofunresolvedlandormaritimedisputes,relatedtothesubmission,theCommissionshallbe:(a)InformedofsuchdisputesbythecoastalStatesmakingthesubmission;and(b)AssuredbythecoastalStatesmakingthesubmissiontotheextentpossiblethatthesubmissionwillnotprejudice
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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mattersrelatingtothedelimitationofboundariesbetweenStates
Inaccordancewiththeprovisioninparagraph2ofAnnexItotheRulesofProcedureoftheCommission,theChineseGovernmentherebyinformstheCommissionthatChina,theRepublicofKoreaandJapanareyettocompletethedelimitationofthecontinentalshelfintheareainvolvedinthisSubmissionAccordingtoarticle76(10)oftheConvention,recommendationsoftheCommissionwithregardtothisSubmissionwillnotprejudicefuturedelimitationofthecontinentalshelfbetweenChinaandthestatesconcerned.
SubmissionbythePeople’sRepublicofChinaConcerningtheOuterLimitsoftheContinentalShelfbeyond200NauticalMilesinPartoftheEastChinaSea
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Contents
1Introduction (1)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2MapsandCoordinates (2)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3CommissionMembersWhoProvidedAdviceduringthePreparationoftheSubmission (2)!!!
4ProvisionsofArticle76InvokedinSupportoftheSubmission (2)!!!!!!!!!!!!
5NaturalProlongationofLandTerritory (3)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6DescriptionoftheOuterLimitsofContinentalShelfinPartofECS (6)!!!!!!!!!!
7MaritimeDelimitations (8)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!