External Forces and NSF Engineering

National Science FoundationDirectorate for Engineering

Acting Assistant Director for EngineeringRichard O. Buckius

External and Internal Conditions

Innovation and International Competition “The best companies outsource to win, not to shrink. They

outsource to innovate faster.” “If Americans and Europeans want to benefit from the flattening of the world … they will have to run at least as fast as the fastest lion – and I suspect that lion will be China, and I suspect that will be pretty darn fast.” – Thomas Friedman, The World is Flat

“Life will be tough for those who are less skilled, less educated, and less able to adapt to changing conditions. Even highly skilled service workers, engineers included, will be challenged by the rise of similar (and cheaper) human capital resources abroad.” – Peter Coy, Business Week

“The individuals who are able to take advantage of the new opportunities do extremely well. Those who are poorly situated get hammered.” – Gordon Hanson, UCSD in Business Week

“Once a new technology rolls over you, if you're not part of the steamroller, you're part of the road.” – Stewart Brand, Whole Earth Catalog

Ranking of First University Degrees

Selected CountriesCountry Ranking by Number Ranking by Percentof Eng. Degrees (#) Eng. of all Degrees

China (2001) 1 (219,563) 1Japan (2001) 2 (104,478) 9Russia (1999) 3 (82,409) 15U.S. 4 (59,536) 29South Korea 5 (56,508) 4Germany (both) 6 (36,319) 8France (both) 7 (34,293) 18India (1990) 8 (29,000) 30Italy (both) 9 (27,685) 10Taiwan (2001) 10 (26,587) 6…………… ………………. ……………….Israel 25 (2,762) 20Ireland 26 (2,014) 19Hong Kong (1995) 27 (1,822) 14Norway (both) 28 (1,691) 25Singapore (1995) 29 (1,676) 3Malaysia (1990) 30 (877) 23

NSB, S&E Indicators 2004

Engineering Workforce TrendsDegrees

[AAES/EWC, 2004]

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Doctorate

Engineering Workforce Trends Women

[AAES/EWC, 2004]

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Master’s (Women)

Doctoral (Women)

Bachelor’s (Women)

[Years]

[Deg

ree

s]

Engineering Workforce Trends Underrepresented

[AAES, 2004]

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Bachelor’s (Underrepresented)

Master’s (Underrepresented)

Doctoral (Underrepresented)

External Reports Engineering Research and America’s Future

(NAE, 2005): Committee to Assess the Capacity of the U.S. Engineering Research Enterprise

The Engineer of 2020 (NAE, 2004) and

Educating the Engineer of 2020 (NAE, 2005)

Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future (NRC/COSEPUP, 2005)

Innovate American: National Innovation Initiative Final Report (Council on Competitiveness, 2005)

               

NSF Budget 2001-2006

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006(Request)

NSF Budget (Millions)

NSF Research and Related Activities

FY 2006 Request by Directorate (Dollars in Millions)FY 2005 FY 2006 Amount Percent Request Change Change

Biological Sciences $576.61 $581.79 $5.18 0.9%Computer & Information Science & Engineering

613.72 620.56 6.84 1.1%

Engineering (includes SBIR/STTR) 561.3 580.68 19.38 3.5%Geosciences 694.16 709.1 14.94 2.2%Mathematical & Physical Sciences 1,069.86 1086.23 16.37 1.5%Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences

196.9 198.79 1.89 1.0%

Office of International Science and Engineering

33.73 34.51 0.78 2.3%

U.S. Polar Research Programs 276.84 319.41 42.57 15.4%U.S. Antarctic Logistical Support Activities

67.52 67.52 0 0.0%

Integrative Activities 129.91 134.9 4.99 3.8%

Total, R&RA $4,220.55 $4,333.49 $112.94 2.7%

Research and EducationENG Integration

CAREER Proposals Program started in 1994 Must have a well thought-out plan for integration of

research and education, in addition to significant research project

ENG provides approximately 1/4 of all CAREER awards

Engineering Research Center (ERC) Awards Program initiated in 1985 ERC innovations in research and education are

expected to impact curricula at all levels from pre-college to life-long learning and to be disseminated to and beyond academic and industry partners

The Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program supports active research participation by undergraduate students in any of the areas of research funded by the National Science Foundation.

REU projects involve students in meaningful ways in ongoing research programs. REU Sites are based on independent proposals to

initiate and conduct projects that engage a number of students in research.

REU Supplements may be requested for ongoing NSF-funded research projects or included as a component of new proposals.

ENG provides approximately 1/4 of all NSF REU investments.

Research and EducationResearch Experiences for Undergraduates

The Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) activity was initiated in the NSF Directorate for Engineering in FY 2001 to involve middle and high school teachers in engineering research.

The RET program builds partnerships between teachers and engineering researchers in engineering research laboratories. RETs aim to build collaborative relationships between both in-service and pre-service teachers, support their active participation in research and education, and strengthened partnerships between institutions of higher education and local school districts.

ENG provides approximately 1/2 of all NSF RET investments.

Research and EducationResearch Experiences for Teachers

Our Engineering Education and Centers (EEC) programs support research that addresses the aims and objectives of engineering education including the content and organization of the curriculum, how students learn problem solving, creativity and design, new methods for assessment and evaluation of how students

learn engineering, and our understanding of how to attract a more talented and

diverse student body EEC is looking for significant breakthroughs in understanding so

that our undergraduate and graduate engineering education can be transformed to meet the needs of the changing economy and society.

It is expected that successful proposals will most likely be comprised of multidisciplinary teams of engineers and other fields that bring expertise pertinent to learning research.

Research and EducationOther ENG Programs

In addition, other NSF-wide activities include ADVANCE: Increasing the Participation and Advancement of

Women in Academic Science and Engineering Careers Centers for Learning and Teaching Graduate Research Fellowships Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship

Program Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education National Nanoscale Infrastructure Network

In addition to ENG Engineering Education and Centers programs, other ENG/EHR activities include NSF-Navy Civilian Service Fellowship-Scholarship Program SBIR Supplemental Funding for Diversity Collaborations

Research and EducationNSF Programs

Research and Education 2005 Investment in Students

NSF ENGOther41%

Post Doc & Other Prof

5%

Senior Personnel

12%

Graduate Students

15%

Indirect & Fringe27%

Other includes: direct costs (subcontracts, materials and supplies, consultant services), permanent equipment, travel, other personnel, etc.

Post Doc & Other

Prof8%

Senior Personnel

9%

Graduate Students

10%

Indirect & Fringe25%

Other48%

Engineering Research AwardsIncrease in Research Collaboration

ENG Single PI vs. Multiple Investigator Awards

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%19

84

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

20

05

5+PIs 9%

3 PIs 12%

4 PIs 7%

2005# of PIs

2 PIs 28%

Research Grant Funding Rate

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

ENG Proposals ENG Awards

ENG Funding Rate NSF Funding Rate

Pro

po

sals

Su

bm

itte

dF

un

din

g R

ate P

ercent

ENG Organization and Reorganization

Engineering at the NSF and in the U.S.

In 2006, the NSF Engineering Directorate will invest approximately $580 million – among the smallest budgets in NSF – to support the entire breadth of engineering, including its nanotechnology and cyberinfrastructure investments.

These resources will be divided among 7 divisions – the largest number in all of NSF.

Engineering currently receives the largest number of proposals of any NSF directorate.

Engineering education and research are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and collaborative. Universities and industries are adopting interdisciplinary clusters.

Foreign nations – particularly China – are increasing emphasis in engineering research and graduating more engineers than the United States.

Leadership in engineering and innovation will be key to the nation’s prosperity and security in a global, knowledge-driven economy.

Internal Conditions

External Conditions

Potential Reorganization Outcomes

Ability to Pursue New Directions

Provides mechanisms to pursue high-risk, frontier research.

Enables research at the intersection of diverse disciplines.

Combined divisions promote agile and flexible responses to emerging challenges.

Collaboration Across

Disciplines

Enhances integration of education and research.

Enables a more integrated approach to research priorities.

Builds synergy among basic research, discovery, and innovation.

Directorate for Engineering

Office of the Assistant DirectorDeputy Assistant Director

Office of the Assistant DirectorDeputy Assistant Director

Senior AdvisorNanotechnologySenior Advisor

Nanotechnology

Office of IndustrialInnovation

OII (SBIR/STTR)

Office of IndustrialInnovation

OII (SBIR/STTR)

Bioengineering andEnvironmental

SystemsBES

Bioengineering andEnvironmental

SystemsBES

Civil andMechanical

SystemsCMS

Civil andMechanical

SystemsCMS

Chemical andTransportSystems

CTS

Chemical andTransportSystems

CTS

EngineeringEducation and

CentersEEC

EngineeringEducation and

CentersEEC

Electrical andCommunications

SystemsECS

Electrical andCommunications

SystemsECS

Design andManufacturing

InnovationDMI

Design andManufacturing

InnovationDMI

Merging Divisions and Priorities

Engineering Education andCenters

Office of IndustrialInnovation

Electrical andCommunication Systems

Chemical and Transport Systems

Bioengineering and Environmental Systems Division of Chemical,

Biological, Environmental,and Transport Systems (CBET)

Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI)

Current ‘06

Proposed ‘07

Division of Electrical, Communication and Cyber Systems (ECCS)

Office Industrial Innovation and Partnerships (IIP)

Division of Engineering Education and Centers (EEC)

Office of Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI)

Design andManufacturing Innovation

Civil and Mechanical Systems

GOALII/UCRCs

Partnerships

Cyber-Systems

Proposed Organizational Structure

Emerging Frontiersin Research and

Innovation(EFRI)

Chemical, BiologicalEnvironmental andTransport Systems

(CBET)

Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing

Innovation(CMMI)

Electrical, Communications

and Cyber Systems(ECCS)

EngineeringEducation and

Centers(EEC)

IndustrialInnovation andPartnerships

(IIP)

Disciplinary AreasCrosscutting Areas

Office of the Assistant DirectorDeputy Assistant Director

(OAD)

Office of the Assistant DirectorDeputy Assistant Director

(OAD)

Proposed Organizational Structure

Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing

Innovation(CMMI)

Cro

sscu

ttin

g

Are

as

Emerging Frontiers In Research and

Innovation(EFRI)

Engineering Education

and Centers(EEC)

Industrial Innovation

and Partnerships(IIP)

Crosscutting Areas:Biology in Engineering Complexity in Engineered and Natural SystemsCritical Infrastructure SystemsManufacturing FrontiersNew Frontiers in NanotechnologyOthers

Disciplinary AreasOffice of the

Assistant DirectorDeputy Assistant Director

(OAD)

Office of the Assistant Director

Deputy Assistant Director(OAD)

Chemical, Biological

Environmental and

Transport Systems(CBET)

Electrical,Communications

and Cyber Systems(ECCS)

Reorganization Process Throughout 2004: ENG engaged in a comprehensive

strategic planning process. Among the goals identified by this process was “Organizational Excellence.”

Spring 2005: Engineering Advisory Committee reviewed and commented on conceptual framework for reorganization.

Summer/Fall 2005: Public comments were solicited via the NSF website.

Fall 2005: Engineering Advisory Committee reviewed and commented on conceptual framework in light of public comments.

End of 2005: Structure complete. Spring 2006: Draft strategic plans for each new division

completed, and completed reorganization presented to Engineering Advisory Committee.

FY 2007: Engineering Directorate reorganized.

Summary

Globalization, engineering workforce, and external reports point to leadership in engineering and innovation as the key to the nation’s prosperity and security in a global, knowledge-driven economy.

NSF and ENG must balance all its priorities in research and education.

Directorate for Engineering reorganization seeks to enhance mechanisms to pursue high-risk frontier research, to promote interdisciplinary activities, and provide an agile and flexible structure to respond to emerging challenges.

Thank you

Questions