Fagor 800T CNC

FAGOR 800T CNCSELF-TEACHING Manual

Ref. 9804 (ing)

INDEX

Chapter 1 Theory on CNC machines1.1.- Machine axes .....31.2.- Machine reference zero and part zero .......41.3.- Home Search .........51.4.- Travel limits ..........61.5.- Part zero preset ..........71.6.- Programming units ....81.7.- Spindle speed ........ 91.8.- Axis feedrate ....11

Chapter 2 Theory on tools2.1.- The tool turret ....32.2.- Tool table .......... 42.3.- Tool calibration ....11

Chapter 3 Hands-on training3.1.- Screen and keyboard description ...3

3.1.1.- Power-up ..........33.1.2.- Keyboard description .......43.1.3.- Description of the screen .........6

3.2.- Home Search .....73.3.- Spindle .......8

3.3.1.- Speed ranges (gears) ........83.3.2.- Work in RPM (Revolutions per minute) ....... 103.3.3.- Work at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) .... 11

3.4.- Axis jog ...133.4.1.- Handwheels ........143.4.2.- Incremental JOG ....153.4.3.- Continuous JOG mm/min ......163.4.4.- Continous JOG mm/rev .....173.4.5.- Rapid jog key .....193.4.6.- Move the axes with keystroke sequence: BEGIN+start or END+start ..20

3.5.- Tools ........223.5.1.- Tool selection .....223.5.2.- Tool calibration ......243.5.3.- How to complete the tool table ..27

3.6.- Checking for proper calibration ..28

Chapter 4 Automatic operations4.1.- Operating modes ....... 34.2.- Example of turning in Semiautomatic mode .........74.3.- Example of turning in Automatic mode ......10

4.3.1.- Programming ..... 104.3.2.- Simulate an operation ............134.3.3.- Executing an operation ......16

Chapter 5 Summary of work cycles5.1.- Facing. Automatic ..... 25.2.- Taper turning. Automatic ...... 35.3.- Rounding. Automatic 1 ..........45.4.- Rounding. Automatic 2 ......55.5.- Profile rounding .....65.6.- Threading. Automatic ........85.7.- Grooving ... 95.8.- Simple drilling .....105.9.- Tapping ....115.10.- Profiles ...... 12

Chapter 6 Part-programs6.1.- Conversational part-programs .......3

6.1.1.- What is a conversational part-program? ..........36.1.2.- Edit a part-program ......46.1.3.- Modify a part-program ........ 76.1.4.- Simulate an operation of a part-program ...106.1.5.- Simulate a part-program ....116.1.6.- Execute an operation of a part-program ....126.1.7.- Execute a part-program from a particular operation on .....136.1.8.- Execute a part-program ......146.1.9.- Delete a part-program ........17

6.2.- Program P99996 ......186.2.1.- What is it? ......186.2.2.- How is it edited? ........196.2.3.- Execute/simulate program P99996 ............22

Appendix I Other machining operations on a latheI.1.- Introduction ........2I.2.- Spindle orientation .........3I.3.- Live tool .4I.4.- Multiple drilling .....5I.5.- Slot milling .... 6

Appendix II PeripheralsII.1.- Peripherals ....2

II.1.1.- Peripheral mode ...... 2II.2.- Lock/Unlock .........4

1.- Theory on CNC machines

Self-teaching Manual Chapter 1 Page 2

800T CNCThis chapter describes:

How to name the axes of the machine. What machine reference zero and part zero are. What Home Search is. What travel limits are. How to preset a part zero. Which are the programming units.

> millimeters/inches.> radius/diameter.

Ways to operate with the spindle.> RPM/CSS. (Revolutions Per Minute/Constant Surface Speed).

Ways to move the axes.> mm/min or mm/rev.


800T CNC1.1 Machine Axes.

Z axis: Along the machine.X axis: Across the machine.


800T CNC1.2 Machine reference zero and part zero.They are the references the machine needs in order to work:

Machine ref. zero (OM): Is set by the manufacturer and it is the origin pointfor the axes.

Part zero (OP): Is set by the operator. It is the parts origin or datum pointwith respect to which the movements are programmed. It could be setanywhere on the part.

Home


800T CNC

When the CNC is off, the axes may be moved by hand or by accident.In these situations, the CNC no longer keeps track of the real position of the axes. That iswhy a Home Search should be carried out on power-up.

When searching home, the axes move to the home point set by the manufacturer and theCNC assumes the value of the coordinates set by the manufacturer for that point. Whensearching home, the part zero is lost.

HomeHome

Real X

Real Z

1.3 Home Search.

Home: Set by the manufacturer. It is the point where the axes move during HomeSearch.

Turret Ref.: Set by the manufacturer. Point moving with the turret. It is the pointthat moves during Home Search.

Turrent Ref.


800T CNC1.4 Travel limits.There are two types of limits:

Hard limits: Mechanical limits set on the machine to prevent the carriagefrom moving beyond the ways.

Software limits: Software limits set at the CNC by the manufacturer toprevent the carriage from running into the machines hard limits.

Hard limitsSoftware limitsHome


800T CNC1.5 Part zero preset.It is easier to program movements from a part zero.The part zero is only set on the Z axis.

OM: Machine Ref. zero.OP: Part zero.


800T CNC1.6 Programming units.The movement units of the CNC can be millimeters or inches.

millimeters inches

The X axis movements may also be programmed in radius or in diameter.

Radius Diameter

A X=0 Z=0 X=0 Z=0

B X=12 Z=-12X=24 Z=-12

C X=12 Z=-42X=24 Z=-42

D X=22 Z=-52X=44 Z=-52


800T CNC

It could be defined in two ways:

CSS: Constant Surface Speed.

N1=N2V1>V2

V1=V2N1


800T CNCTo work at CSS, two things must be borne in mind:

The part zero must be at the parts turningaxis so that the calculated turning speed is thesame as the best cutting speed.

The maximum turning speed must beprogrammed because the turning speed increasesas the diameter decreases and a particular speedshould not be exceeded on parts with a largediameter.

The CNC works at Constant Surface Speed(Vc) and, starting at diameter Dc (whenN=Nmax), it works at constant turning speed(N).


800T CNC1.8 Axis feedrate.The feedrate of the axes can be programmed in two ways:

mm/rev: The axis feedrate changes depending on spindle speed. If thespindle is stopped, the axes do not move.

mm/min: The axis feedrate is independent of the spindle speed. The axesmove even when the spindle is stopped.

NOTEIt is recommended to work at Constant Surface Speed (CSS) and with thefeedrate in mm/rev. This way, the tool lasts longer and the resulting part finish isbetter.

2.- Theory on tools



What the tool turret is. What the tool table is and what information it contains. What tool presetting is. Defects due to errors in the tool table.

> Due to wrong tool calibration.> Due to wrong tool location codes (tool shapes).> Due to wrong tool radius values.


800T CNC2.1 The tool turret.

The tools this CNC can use are placed on the tool turret. This turret may haveeither a manual or automatic tool changer. When manual, the tool change is carriedout like on a conventional machine. When automatic, all the tools will be placed onthe turret and the CNC will rotate the whole turret to put the tool at the workposition.

Turret with manual tool change Turret with automatic tool changer


800T CNC2.2 Tool table.

The tool table contains tool information such as their position on the turret,dimensions, etc.When changing the tool, the CNC takes this tool information.

The information kept in the tool table refers to: T, X, Z, F, R, I, K:

T: Tool number.X: Tool length (in radius) along the X axisZ: Tool length along the Z axis.

Tool Ref.


800T CNC

R: Tool radius. I: Tool wear along the X axis.K: Tool wear along the Z axis.


800T CNC

Once the tool dimensions are known;

The CNC must know which is the calibrationpoint for that tool (location code) to compensate forthe shaded area (radius compensation).

The location code depends on the orientation ofthe machine axes.

F: Location code or tool shape as it has been calibrated.


800T CNC

F7

F6

F5

F4

F3

F2

F1

F8

F0

Table of location codes.


800T CNCMost common location codes.


800T CNC

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

F7

F8

F0

Table of location codes


800T CNCMost common location codes.


800T CNC2.3 Tool calibration.

By calibrating a tool, we indicate to the CNC the tool dimensions. It is essentialto carry this operation out properly for obtaining the parts with the rightdimensions and for controlling the same point after changing a tool.

Different tool dimensions, same point.


800T CNC

X1: Real dim.Z1: Real dim.

X2: Wrong dim.X2


800T CNCDEFECTS DUE TO WRONG LOCATION CODES

The tool has a real tipand another theoreticaltip.

Real tool tip

Theoretical tool tip

When working with the theoretical tool tip, thereare machining ridges left. To avoid this, the CNCworks with the real tool tip.

Working with theoretical tool tip

Working with real tool tip

To work with the theoretical tool tip, theCNC needs to know which is the toolcalibration point (location code) in order tocompensate for the shaded area (radiuscompensation).

If the wrong location code is entered, theerror increases instead of beingcompensated.


800T CNCDEFECTS DUE TO WRONG RADIUS VALUES

Rr: Real radius.Rf: Wrong radius (false).

Machining ridges

Rf

Rr

Rf Rr

There is residual stock due to the radius difference.

3.- Hands-on training



The screen and the keyboard. How to carry out a Home Search. Ways to operate with the spindle.

> What the speed ranges (gears) are.> Operate at CSS or in RPM.

Ways to move the axes.> Selection of feedrate type. (mm/min or mm/rev)> Jog modes. (Handwheels, incremental JOG, continuous JOG...)

Tool handling.> Types of tool changer. (Manual or automatic).> Tool calibration.> Tool table.

Calibration verification.


800T CNC

3.1 Screen and keyboard description.3.1.1 Power-up.

After the message: PASSED

press any key to get into workmode.

Welcome screen

GENERAL TEST PASSED


800T CNC3.1.2 Keyboard description.

1.- Screen. (On the modular, the CRT is separate from the keyboard).2.- Keyboard to define special operations and their parameters.3.- Alpha-numeric keyboard.4.- Operator panel.

Compact keyboard Modular keyboard

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 1 Sections. 1.2/1.2.1/1.2.2


800T CNCDescription of the operator panel.

1. Axes jogging keys.2. Work mode selector. (Continuous jog (FEED), incremental (JOG) or with

handwheel ( )).3. Selection of the turning direction ( ) and spindle start-up. Spindle speed

override ( ) between 50% and 120%4. Keyboard for CYCLE START ( ) and CYCLE STOP ( ).5. Emergency stop.

Compacts operator panel Modulars operator panel

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 1 Section 1.2.3


800T CNC3.1.3 Description of the screen.

1.- Work mode: Standard, Automatic, turning, threading... Status during execution: In execution, interrupted or in position.2.- Tool position in X and Z, spindle speed S and active tool.

Information on work units and active spindle speed range.3.- Programmed cutting conditions and percentage being applied. Work mode: RPM or CSS

Active tool.4.- BEGIN and END coordinates. When selecting an operation, it shows a drawing and the

associated parameters.5.- Editing area and CNC messages.6.- PLC messages.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 1 Section 1.1


800T CNC3.2 Home Search.

After powering the machine up, carry out the Home Search just in case theaxes of the machine have moved while the CNC was off.

1st.- The CNC does not know the position of thecarriages. X?, Z? different from the X, Z displayed.

2nd.-Home the X axis. Press [X]+ +

3rd.-Home the Z axis. Press [Z]+ +

4th.-The CNC shows the coordinates referredto machine ref. zero Home (OM) taking thetools X, Z dimensions.


Home Z

Home X

HomeHome

HomeHome


800T CNC3.3 Spindle.

The spindle of a machine can work in two modes: RPM: At constant turning speed. (Section 1.7) CSS: At constant surface speed.(Section 1.7)Press [CSS] to select the work mode.

3.3.1 Speed ranges (gears).With this CNC the machine can have a gear box. By means of RANGES, we

can choose the best gear ratio for the programmed spindle speed.

RANGE 1 RANGE 2

Constant Power Constant PowerP P

If the work speed is between N1 and N2, RANGE 1 should be used and if betweenN2 and N3, RANGE 2. Always try to work at constant power.


800T CNCThere are two types of gear changers:

Automatic.If the machine has an automatic gear changer, the CNC selects the right rangewhen it has to be changed.

Manual.If the machine does not have an automatic gear changer, when a gear change isrequired, the CNC acts as follows:

The editing window of the CNC (last row) shows the range to be selected. Make the change and press [ENTER]. The CNC considers the range change completed and starts the spindle.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.4/4.4.1/4.4.2


800T CNC3.3.2 Work in RPM mode. (Revolutions per minute)

To select the work speed (in rpm), press: [S] + (turning speed) +

If the machine has a manual gear changer, the CNC will ask the user to change gears ifso required.If the machine has an automatic gear changer, the CNC will assume the new range.The CNC shows the following information:

F 0000.000 100% RPM 1250 100% T2

Selected speed

Applied override

Spindle clockwise.

Stop the spindle.

Spindle counter-clockwise.Increase or decrease the applied override % in increments of 5% (between 50% &

120%).

Use the JOG keys of the operator panel to start the spindle.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.2/4.5/4.6/4.7


800T CNC3.3.3 Work at Constant Surface Speed. (CSS)

Before programming the cutting speed, the working speed range must beselected. The CNC assumes the current range by default. To change the range,select a turning speed in RPM within the range to be used. Once the change iscompleted, enter the CSS mode and press [CSS].To select the cutting speed (m/min) , press:

[S] + (cutting speed) +To select the maximum turning speed (in rpm), press:

[S] + + (maximum speed) + [ENTER]The CNC shows the following information:

F 0000.000 100% CSS 250 100% SMAX 1500 T2

Selectedcuttingspeed

Appliedoverride

Maximum turning speed selected


800T CNCStart the spindle using the JOG keys of the operator panel.

Spindle clockwise.

Stop the spindle.

Spindle counter-clockwise.

Increases or decreases the applied override % in increments of 5%(between 50% and 120%).

Depending on the position of the axes, the turning speed will be different:If X decreases, the RPM increase.If X increases, the RPM decrease.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 4 Section 4.3/4.3.1

NOTEWhile machining an operation, NO range change will take place.To work at constant surface speed, the tools MUST BE calibrated.


800T CNC

To select the jog mode, use the selector switch:

3.4 Axis jog.

JOG keys

Each key is used formoving the axis in onedirection according tothe axes of themachine. (Section 1.1)

Handwheel

It can have one ortwo handwheels.The axes move inthe turning directionof the handwheels.

To jog the axes, we will use:

Continuous jogIncremental jog

Handwheel jog


800T CNCThe axes may be moved in mm/min or mm/rev. To select the type of feedrate, press:

[AUX] + [2] < F mm(inches)/min F mm(inches)/rev >To quit this option, press [AUX], [END] or [CLEAR].

3.4.1 Handwheels. Select the feedrate of the carriages with the selector switch. ( position)

It does not matter if it is in mm/min. mode or in mm/rev. mode.

Jogging distance tableHandwheel Selector switch

P O S I T I O N D istance perincrement on thehandwhee l d ia l

1 1 m icron.10 10 m icrons

1 0 0 1 0 0 m icrons

Jog the axes with the handwheels. If the machine has 1 handwheel:

Select an axis with the JOG keys.The machine moves the axis as the handwheel is being turned.

If the machine has 2 handwheels: The machine moves an axis with each handwheel.



800T CNC3.4.2 Incremental JOG .Every time a JOG key is pressed, the axis will move the selected increment.

Select the distance to move at the selector (JOG position). Move the axes with the JOG keys.

Only in mm/min. mode.

JOG keys

Actual displacement: 0.001 mm

Actual displacement: 1 mm



800T CNC3.4.3 Continuous JOG. mm/min.

Select the type of feedrate: mm/min . Enter the feedrate value:

[F] + 120 + [ENTER] Change the % override of the axes with the selector switch in FEED position. Jog the axis with JOG keys.

JOG keysActual displacement: 120 mm/min (100%)

Actual displacement: 60 mm/min (50%)

Selector Switch



800T CNC3.4.4 Continuous JOG. mm/rev.

In this mode, the feedrate is a function of the spindle rpm. Thus, the spindle mustbe turning in order for the axes to be able to move.Select the type of feedrate: mm/rev.

Enter the feedrate value:[F] + 0.1 + [ENTER]

Try to jog the axes with JOG keys.The axes will not move because the spindle is stopped.

Start the spindle in RPM mode. Change the % override for the axes with the selector switch in FEED position. Jog the axes with JOG keys.

JOG keysActual displacement: 0.1 mm/rev. (100%)

Actual displacement: 0.05 mm/rev. (50%)

Selector Switch


800T CNC

Stop the spindle. Change the spindle work mode to Constant Surface Speed (CSS), Start the spindle. Check how the spindle speed varies while moving the X axis.

If X decreases, the spindle speed increases. If X increases, the spindle speed decreases.

Stop the spindle.



800T CNC3.4.5 Rapid jog key.

Jog the axes with the JOG keys and press the Rapid jog key at the sametime.

It does not matter if it is in mm/min. or mm/rev. mode, the axes will move as fastas possible. (Set by the manufacturer).

JOG keys

Actual movement: Rapid feedrate

Rapid jog keyAny position



800T CNC3.4.6 Move the axes with keystroke sequence: BEGIN + start and END + start.1.- Select the feedrate value.2.- Select the BEGIN and END points.

Moving the machine by hand:

[BEGIN] or [END][ENTER]

[BEGIN] or [END][X][ENTER]

[BEGIN] or [END][Z][ENTER]

At the keyboard:1. Press [BEGIN] or [END] 4. [Z]2. [X] 5. (Z value)3. (X value) 6. [ENTER]

BEGIN or END

BEGIN or END

BEGIN or END


800T CNC

3.- Moving to the BEGIN or END points. Moving two axes: Moving one axis:

1.[BEGIN] + 2.[END] +

1.[BEGIN] + [X] + 2.[BEGIN] + [Z] + 3.[END] + [X] + 4.[END] + [Z] +

:Interrupts the movements.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Chapter 2 Section 2.4

: Resumes execution.[RESET]+[RESET]: Cancels the execution.


800T CNC3.5 Tools.3.5.1 Tool selection.Depending on the machine, there are two possibilities: Machine with manual tool changer.

The tool change is carried out like on a conventional machine: Change the tool on the machine.

Remove the old tool Put the new tool in

Press [TOOL]. Enter the tool number so the CNC assumes the values of the corresponding

tool table. Press

NOTE: If when executing a part, a tool change is necessary, the CNC stops the spindleand shows a message requesting the number of the required tool.


800T CNC Machine with automatic tool changer.

No tool has to be removed. Press [TOOL]. Enter the tool number. Press The CNC rotates the turret until the new tool is in work position.

NOTE: If while making a part, a tool change is necessary, the CNC makes the changeautomatically, takes the turret to the change position and makes the change.



800T CNC3.5.2 Tool calibration.

Just before calibrating the tools,a Home Search must be carried out on all axes.

Homing the X axis. [X]+ +

Homing the Z axis. [Z]+ +

HomeHome

To calibrate a tool, a part previously turned and faced is needed.

Use continuous JOG or handwheels


800T CNC Measure the part. Enter in calibration mode

[AUX] + [3] + [2] To calibrate, start the spindle. Answer the questions asked by the CNC.

Part dimensions

1.- Parts X dimension.(radius or diameter) + [ENTER]

2.- Parts Z dimension.(Length) + [ENTER]

3.- Tool number.[TOOL] + (tool number) +


800T CNC 4.- Move the axes in JOG and touch the part along the X axis. Press:

[X] + [ENTER]The CNC shows the X coordinate.

5.- Move the axes in JOG and touch the part along the Z axis. Press:[Z] + [ENTER]The CNC shows the Z coordinate.

[X] + [ENTER] [Z] + [ENTER]To calibrate another tool, repeat steps 3, 4, and 5.Stop the spindle.To exit this mode, press [END].



800T CNC3.5.3 How to complete the tool table.The I, K values are set to zero when calibrating.To enter the other values (F, R), press:

[AUX] + [3]< Tools > + [1] Select the tool data to be changed:

(Tool number) + [RECALL] Use the keys to place the cursor over the value to be changed. Key in the new value. Press [ENTER]. To change another value, place the cursor over it and change it. To quit this option, press [END].



800T CNC3.6 Checking for proper calibration.

Preset the part zero.

Approach the tool along Z.Press [Z]+[0]+[ENTER]

Withdraw the tool.Part zero position.

Select a tool.e.g. Location code 3

Start the spindle and touch the part diameter with several tools whilechecking the value on the screen.

The tools are different but the value on the screen must be the same.

4.- Automatic Operations



Which are the keys associated with the automatic operations. How to execute an operation.

> In Semiautomatic mode.> In Automatic mode (cycle level).

Turning example in Semiautomatic mode. Turning example in Automatic mode.

> Define the specific parameters for the operation.> Other parameters. (Safety distance, finishing conditions).

> Simulate an operation. ZOOM function.

> Execute an operation. Tool inspection. Tool wear compensation.


800T CNC

4.1 Operating modes.

Layout of the automatic function keys

Compact keyboard Modular keyboard


800T CNC

Grooving.Threading.Rounding.Taper turning.Facing.Turning.Profiling.

Access to simple drilling, tapping.

Semiautomatic / Automatic.

Operation keys

Compact Modular


800T CNCIt is possible to work in Semiautomatic or Automatic mode. The choice is

made as follows: Automatic operations in Semiautomatic mode.

In this mode, the operator controls the machine with the JOG keys and thehandwheels.

The BEGIN and END points of the section to be machined, chamfer angles,rounding radius, etc. must be defined.

The CNC does not apply tool radius compensation.

Examples of Semiautomatic mode

Turning Taper turning Rounding



800T CNC Automatic operations in automatic mode.In this mode, the operation is defined and it is run automatically.

Besides the BEGIN and END points, the operation data must also be defined.The keys for defining this data are:

In this mode, the following parameters must also be defined: Finishing pass,finishing feedrate, finishing tool, safety distances in X and Z. Press [AUX].

For a good finish, the tool nose radius and location code must be defined in thetool table. (Section 2.2 of this manual).


: Depth of cut.

: Angles.

: Diameters.

: Rounding radius.

: Thread pitch.

: Number of passes.


800T CNC4.2 Example of turning in Semiautomatic mode.

Select the turning operation. Press Select the Semiautomatic mode. Press

Diagram for Semiautomatic mode

Set the BEGIN and END values.[BEGIN] + [Z] + (Value) + [ENTER][END] + [Z] + (Value) + [ENTER]

Set the cutting conditions (feedrate, spindle speed and tool). Start the spindle.


800T CNC Carry out the turning operation.

Move the X axis with the JOG keys and the handwheel up to thedesired depth.

Move the Z axis by pressing [BEGIN]+start or [END]+start.Only the Z axis moves.

1. Approach manually. 2. Turn with [END]+

3. Move away manually. 4. Withdraw with [BEGIN]+



800T CNCNOTE: Remember that in Semiautomatic mode and depending on which

operation has been selected, the [BEGIN]+start or [END]+start will execute itdifferently.

When turning or threading, movements parallel to the Z axis. When facing, movements parallel to the X axis.

If no operation has been selected, when doing [BEGIN]+start or[END]+start both axes move.

Semiautomatic mode DRO mode

[BEGIN]+ [END]+


800T CNC4.3 Example of turning in automatic mode.4.3.1 Programming.

Select the turning operation. Press Select the Automatic mode. Press

Diagram for the Automatic mode

Define these parameters: F : ( ): Final turning diameter. D : ( ): Pass (depth of cut).

N : ( ): Total number of passes for the turning operation.The N value is only taken into account when D=0.


800T CNC Other parameters:

With this CNC it is possible to change the finishing feedrate, the depth of thepass and finishing tool. To access this option, press [AUX].

The screen will show the following menu: 1.- % D CYCLE FINISHING PASS (% of pass for the finishing pass) 2.- %F CYCLE FINISHING PASS. (% of feedrate for the finishing pass) 3.- T CYCLE FINISHING PASS. (Finishing tool) 4.- SAFETY DISTANCE X. 5.- SAFETY DISTANCE Z.With options [4] and [5], we set the safety distances along the X and Z axes.These safety distances are programmed to prevent the tool from running into

the part when approaching in rapid.

Example of how to apply safety distances.



800T CNCWith option [1], we select the finishing pass.

If D=2mm and %D=50, the finishing pass will be 1mm (50%).If D=2mm and %D=100, the finishing pass will be 2mm (100%).If D=2mm and %D=0, the finishing pass will be 2mm (100%).

With option [2], we select the feedrate for the finishing pass.If %F=50, the finishing feedrate will be 50% of the programmed F.If %F=100, the finishing feedrate will be100% of the programmed F.

With option [3], we select the tool for the finishing pass. If T=0, theroughing tool will be used for the finishing pass.


800T CNC4.3.2 Simulate an operation.It is used for checking the tool path on the screen.

Press [SIMUL] (at the compact) or [AUX]+[S] (at the modular). The CNC willdisplay the graphics menu.

To define the display area, press [AUX].

X,Z: Point on the part that will appear at the centerof the screen.WIDTH: Width of the graphics on the screen.

After setting the display area, to start the simulation, pressThe simulation speed is controlled with the Feedrate Override Switch.Other useful keys are:

: Interrupt simulation. While interrupted: : Resume simulation.[CLEAR] : Delete the graphics on the screen.

[END] : Exit the simulation mode.Once the simulation is over. Press [END].



800T CNCNOTE: When simulating the path, the screen only shows half the part. This is

because only the path of the tool tip is shown and not the part.

Graphics

The screen shows:Rapid movement.Movement at programmed F.

NOTE: To check the part dimensions on the simulation screen, the simulation hasto be made with a tool with a nose radius R=0.


800T CNC

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.1.3.1

MODULAR COMPACT

Move the rectangle.

Increase the size of the rectangle.

Decrease the size of the rectangle.

Draw the selected section. [AUX] [SIMUL]

Draw the selected section and assume the new display area. [ENTER]

End of the ZOOM function. [END]

ZOOM function:Only when the simulation is interrupted or finished. It is used for enlarging ordecreasing the drawing or a section of it.Press [Z]


800T CNC4.3.3 Execute an operation.

The operations in Automatic mode may be executed from beginning to endor a pass at a time. This choice is made by the key.To start the execution, pressOnce the execution has started:

: Interrupts the execution. While interrupted: : Resumes the execution.

[CLEAR] : Cancels the execution.The execution can be interrupted at any time, except during a threading pass. In

that case, the execution will stop at the end of the pass.When interrupting a program, the active keys are:



800T CNCTool inspection.

With this option, the operation may be interrupted for inspecting and replacing the tool. Press + [TOOL]. The CNC stops the spindle and displays the message:

JOG KEYS AVAILABLEEXIT

Move the tool with the JOG keys or the handwheels. Check the tool. Press [END]. The CNC starts the spindle and displays the message:

RETURNAXES OUT OF POSITION

With the JOG keys or handwheels, take the axes back to their position when theexecution was interrupted. The CNC will not let the axes go beyond this point. TheCNC displayes the message:

RETURNAXES OUT OF POSITIONNONE

Press

NOTE: Refer to the Operation Manual Chapter 5 Section 5.1.4.1


800T CNCChanging the tool wear values:

With this option, it is possible to change the I, K values while the program iseither running or interrupted. The entered values are incremental and will be addedto the ones stored before.

Press . The CNC shows the message T. Key in the tool number and press [RECALL]. The CNC shows the table for that tool and requests the I value. Enter the I value and press . The CNC requests the K value. Enter the K value and press [ENTER]. To change the offset of another tool, press [TOOL]. To quit this option, press [END].


5.- Summary of work cycles


800T CNC5.1 Automatic Facing.

Cycle parametersBEGIN, END: First and last points of the cycle.F : Final facing diameter.D : Depth of each pass. If D =0, N will be taken into account.N : Number of facing passes.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution1. Approach to the BEGIN point2. Roughing the part in several passes.3. Finish the part in a single pass. If programmed.

NOTE: The CNC starts and stops the spindle.

Roughing Finish



800T CNC5.2 Automatic Taper Turning.

Cycle parametersBEGIN: Theoretical positioning corner.F : Smaller final diameter.D : Depth of the Pass. If D =0, N will be taken into account.N : Number of taper turning passes.a : Taper angle with the Z axis.% : Slope of the chamfer.When entering a or %, another value is updated. : Selection of the profile type.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Roughing Finishing

Types of profile



800T CNC5.3 Automatic Rounding (Cycle Level 1).

Cycle parametersBEGIN: Theoretical positioning corner.R: Defines the rounding radius.D : Depth of the pass. If D =0, N will be taken into account.N : Number of rounding passes. : Selection of the profile type. : Type of rounding.(concave, convex).Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Roughing Finishing

Types of profile to be machined



800T CNC5.4 Automatic Rounding (Cycle Level 2).

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First rounding point.END: Last rounding point.R: Defines the rounding radius.D : Depth of the pass. If D =0, N will be taken into account.N : Number of rounding passes. : Selection of the profile type. : Type of rounding.(concave, convex).Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Roughing Finishing

Types of profiles to be machined



800T CNC5.5 Profile Rounding.

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First rounding point.END: Last rounding point.R: Rounding radius.D : Distance between two passes.a : Angle with Z of the first rounding section.a1: Angle with Z of the second rounding section.

use the key to select this data.aT: Cutter angle with the X axis. Use the

keys to select this data.Setting the angles

Setting the angle of the tool


800T CNCCycle parameters

H: Amount of material to be removed (in radius).use the keys to select this data.With the sign, we choose the roughing type.H(+): Passes parallel to programmed profile.H(-): Passes parallel to the Z axis or X axis

depending on the tool.For the finishing pass, the CNC has to know howthe tool enters and exits the profile.

To select how it enters, press

To select how it exits, press

Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Roughing passes

Tool entry/exit



800T CNC5.6 Automatic Threading.

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First threading point.END: Last threading point.P : Thread pitch.D : Depth of the first pass (in radius).H: Depth of the thread (in radius).a: Penetration angle. :Inside or outside thread.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Approach to theBEGIN point.

Making the threadin consecutivepasses.

Penetration angle

D: End of thread distance.X, Z: Safety distances.



800T CNC5.7 Grooving.

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First grooving point.END: Last grooving point or depth of the groove.F : Last smaller diameter.D : Depth of the pass. If D =0, N will be taken into account.N : Number of grooving passes.TW: Tool width.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Roughing Finishing



800T CNC5.8 Simple drilling.[AUX] + [6] + Simple drilling. Tapping

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First drilling point.END: Last drilling point.P : maximum penetration in each drilling peck. If P=0, tapping.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Rapid Move.Move at programmed F.

The tool penetrates P and withdrawsup to BEGIN+Z position to removematerial.

Rapid approach up to 1 mm off theprevious peck.

Repeat these steps until reaching thetotal drilling depth.

The tool stays at the bottom of thehole for 400 msec (dwell) for better partfinish.



800T CNC5.9 Tapping.

[AUX] + [6] + Simple drilling. TappingCycle parameters

BEGIN: First tapping point.END: Last tapping point.P=0, tapping.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

Execution

Rapid move.Move at programmed F.

The tool penetrates at theprogrammed feedrate up to the ENDpoint.

The spindle starts turning in theopposite direction.

Withdrawal at programmed feedrateto the BEGIN + Z position.



800T CNC5.10 Profiles.

Cycle parametersUp to 9 points and 6 rounding operations may be

defined. If all the points are not used, the first unusedpoint will have the values of the last point used.D : Depth of the pass.H: Amount of material to be removed. Press

H>0: Roughing passes parallel to the profile.H=0: No roughing. Only finishing pass.H

6.- Part programs



Conversational part-programs.> What a conversational part-program is.> How to edit it.> How to change it (Insert or delete operations).> How to simulate an operation or part-program.> How to execute an operation.> How to execute starting at a particular operation.> How to execute a program.> Delete a program.

Program P99996.> What it is.> How to edit it.> How to simulate and execute it.


800T CNC6.1 Conversational part-programs.6.1.1 What is a conversational part-program?

It is a set of operations ordered secuentially. Each operation is defined separately (alwaysin automatic mode) and they are then stored one after the other in a program. Up to 20operations.

The name of the part-program can be any integer between 00000 and 99990.Besides these, the number 99996 corresponds to a part-program written in CNC

language, ISO code (Section 6.2 in this manual).The CNC can store up to 10 part-programs. The rest of them must be stored at a PC.

PART 327411 - FACING2 - TURNING3 - TAPER4 - ROUNDING5 -6 -7 - ?

EXIT

TurningTaper turning

RoundingProfile

Facing

NOTE: The profile occupies two memory positions.


800T CNC6.1.2 Edit a part-program.

To edit a part-program, we first choose the operations needed to execute thepart. A part may be executed in various ways.

Different solutions for the same part

Profile

Taper turning

Rounding

Turning


800T CNCOnce the sequence of operations has been chosen (in our case we will make the

previous example), we are going to build the part program editing the operationsone by one in automatic mode.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

Press [P]Enter

numberPress

[RECALL]

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]00000 [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ] EXIT

[ENTER]

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

Chooseposition

The dashes indicate that there is no part-program. [*] : The part has been already edited. It contains data.[ ] : The part contains no data.EXIT: Exit the table.

If when pressing [P] no other program can be entered,it means that there are already 10 programs in memory.

DROMODE

PART 123451 - ?2 - ?3 - ?4 - ?5 - ?6 - ?7 - ?

EXIT

[RECALL]


800T CNCPART 12345

1 - TAPER2 - ?3 - ?4 - ?5 - ?6 - ?7 - ?

EXIT

Choose the operation and definethe parameters.

PART 123451 - ?2 - ?3 - ?4 - ?5 - ?6 - ?7 - ?

EXIT

Choose position

[ENTER][ENTER]

Repeat these steps with the other operations. In our case, the finished part-program will be:

PART 123451 - TAPER2 - ROUNDING3 - TURNING4 - ?5 - ?6 - ?7 - ?

EXIT

Program number

Operations

NOTE: To go from the parameter tableto the operations table, press


800T CNC6.1.3 Modify a part-program.

The CNC shows the cycle withall its data.Modify the operation parameterslike in the editing mode.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]

[ENTER]

Choose program


EXIT

Choose operation


EXIT

CNC requestsconfirmation.

[ENTER]

[RECALL]

The operations making up a part-program can be modified.

7 Section 7.6

The new operationreplaces the old one.


800T CNCNew operations can also be inserted into a part-program.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]

Chooseposition

Choose program


EXIT

Choose operation


EXIT

Define parameters andcutting conditions of theoperation to be inserted.

[ENTER]

PART 123451 - TAPER2 - GROOVING3 - ROUNDING4 - TURNING5 - ?6 - ?7 - ?

EXIT


Press [1]



800T CNC

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL] [CLEAR]


EXIT


[ENTER]

Operations can be deleted from a part-program.


EXIT


EXIT



800T CNC6.1.4 Simulate an operation of a part-program.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]Choose program


EXIT

At the compact model, press [SIMUL] Graphicsscreen.

It is used to check the tool path on the screen.

At the modular model, press [AUX]+[S]

To define a display area, press [AUX].


EXIT

[RECALL]+


800T CNC6.1.5 Simulate a part-program.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]Choose program


EXIT

At the compact model, press [SIMUL] Graphicsscreen

The simulation starts with the first operation and ends when finding a free(empty) position.

At the modular model, press [AUX]+[S]

To define a display area, press [AUX].


EXIT


800T CNC6.1.6 Execute an operation of a part-program.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]


EXIT


EXIT

The operations of a part-program can be executed separately.


[RECALL]+


800T CNC6.1.7 Execute a part-program from a particular operation on.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]


EXIT


EXIT

The execution may begin at any operation.

DROMODE

[RECALL]

Operations 2 and 3 will be executed.


800T CNC6.1.8 Execute a part-program.

The execution begins with the first operation and ends when finding a free(empty) position.

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[RECALL]


EXIT



EXIT


800T CNC The execution begins with the first operation and ends when finding a free

(empty) position.When the CNC executes an operation, the bottom of the screen shows the

operation with all its parameters.Once the execution has started:

: Interrupts the execution. While being interrupted:: Resumes the execution.

[RESET]+[RESET] : Cancels the execution.The execution can be interrupted at any time, except during a threading pass. In

that case, the execution will stop at the end of the pass.When interrupting a program, the active keys are:



800T CNCHow does the tool move?

After executing an operation, the tool goes to the BEGIN point maintaining thesafety distances.

When going from one operation to another, the tool moves in a straight linefrom the BEGIN point of the current one to the BEGIN of the next one.

When ending the last operation, the tool goes back to the where the part-program execution started.

If the manufacturer has not set a tool change position, it will be done where theexecution started.


800T CNC6.1.9 Delete a part-program.

Select the program in the table and press [CLEAR].

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]12345 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT

[CLEAR][RECALL]

PART01234 [*]24832 [*]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]----- [ ]

EXIT


[ENTER]



800T CNC

6.2 Program P99996.6.2.1 What is it?

It is a program written in CNC programming language. (ISO code).

...

N100 G01 X20 Z0N110 G01 X20 Z-30N120 G03 X34 Z-37 R7N130 G01 X34 Z-60N140 G02 X54 Z-70 R10N150 G01 X54 Z-100N160 G00 X70 Z20...


800T CNC6.2.2 How is it edited?

It can be edited at the CNC or at a PC. To edit it at the CNC, press:[AUX]+[5]+[5]

Block to be edited

Blocks in memory

Editing screen


800T CNCWhen editing blocks:

Besides the alphanumeric keys [0]...[9], [F], [S], [T], [X], [Z] we will use:

The missing function keys (G, M, I, K) are displayed in the help [AUX].(The CNC will only offer the right help possibilities).[ENTER]: Save block.[CL]: Delete character.

Example: N40 G01 X10 Z-10_ [CL] N40 G01 X10 Z-1_

as R.

as P.

as A.


800T CNCWhen modifying blocks:

[RECALL] :Call a block.Example: N40 [RECALL] N40 G01 X10 Z-10_

N60[RECALL]N60 G01 G90 X30 Z-20 T2_

N60 G01 G90_ X30 Z-20 T2

[CL]N60 G01 G9_ X30 Z-20 T2[1]N60 G01 G91_ X30 Z-20 T2[ENTER]

:Delete a block.:To insert or overwrite .

:Search for previous or next blocks.To move over a block: at the compact, at the modular.



800T CNC6.2.3 Ejecute/simulate program P99996.To access this mode:

Press [AUX]+[5]+[4]

Steps to execute/simulate program P99996. Choose execution mode AUTOMATIC/SINGLE BLOCK Choose first block:

[N] + [RECALL] or [N]+ (block number) + [RECALL] To simulate, press [SIMUL], (at the compact model), or [AUX]+[S], (at the

modular model). To define the display area, press [AUX]. To execute program P99996, press the START key

NOTE: While executing, press [4] to display the tool path or [0] to return to theprevious screen.



800T CNC

Execution mode

Block in executionand following ones

Cutting conditionsActive functions

A: ActualC: CommandR: To go

COMMAND: Tools target point.ACTUAL: Current tool position.TO GO: Distance left to reach the target point.

Screen for executing program P99996

Appendix IOther machining

operations on a lathe

Self-teaching manual Appendix I Page 2

800T CNCI.1 Introduction.

For this type of machining operations, the machine must have a spindle which can beoriented and a live tool. If the machine has these features, the CNC menu will offer theMultiple drilling and Slot milling choices when pressing [AUX]+[6].

Slot milling

Multiple drilling


800T CNC

With this feature the spindle can be oriented to the desired angular position fordrilling holes and milling slots both on the face of the part or on its turningsurface.

To orient the spindle, press: [S]+ . The CNC shows the message: S POS= . Enter the target angular position for the spindle. Press

The spindle stops, (if it was turning) and it positions at the specified angle.The CNC shows the angular position in degrees.

By pressing or , it will return to the conditions prior to orienting thespindle.

I.2 Spindle orientation.


800T CNC

To select the speed of the live tool, press: [TOOL] + [S]. The CNC shows the message: T RPM= . Enter the speed of the live tool in rpm. Press

The CNC shows the following information:

I.3 Live tool.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation manual Chapter 2 Section 2.2.1

F 0000.000 100% RPM 1250 100% TRPM 800 T2

Live tool speed

To stop the live tool, press: [TOOL] + [S] + [0] + [ENTER].


800T CNCI.4 Multiple drilling.[AUX] + [6] + Multiple drilling

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First drilling point.END: Last drilling point.P : Maximum drilling depth.a: Angular position of the first hole.D: Angular gap betwen holes.N: Number of holes.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation manual Chapter 5 Section 5.9

Execution

Rapid move.Move at F.


800T CNCI.5 Slot milling.[AUX] + [6] + Slots

Cycle parametersBEGIN: First point of the slot.END: Last point of the slot.a: Angular position of the first slot.D: Angular gap between slots.N: Number of slots.Finishing parameters.Cutting conditions.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation manual Chapter 5 Section 5.10

Execution

Move at F.Rapid move.

Appendix II

Peripherals

Self-teaching manual Appendix II Page 2

800T CNCII.1 Peripherals.

Peripherals are devices external to the CNC (FAGOR floppy disk unit, PC, etc.) whichcould be used to store data. This data is transmitted from the CNC (while in Peripheralmode) or by means of the DNC protocol.II.1.1 Peripheral mode.

In this mode, part-programs can be transferred between the CNC and the FAGOR floppydisk unit, a general peripheral device or a PC. To select this option, press:

[AUX] + [5] + [2]

The CNC will show the following menu:0 - RECEIVE FROM FLOPPY DISK UNIT (Fagor)1 - SEND TO FLOPPY DISK UNIT (Fagor)2 - RECEIVE FROM GENERAL DEVICE3 - SEND TO GENERAL DEVICE4 - FLOPPY DISK UNIT DIRECTORY (Fagor)5 - DELETE FLOPPY DISK UNIT PROGRAM (Fagor)6 - DNC ON/OFF

DROMODE


800T CNCIn order to work with these options, the DNC option must be OFF. If ON, (the word DNC will appear at

the upper right-hand corner of the screen), press [6] to turn it OFF. The word DNC disappears.0 - RECEIVE FROM FLOPPY DISK UNIT1 - SEND TO FLOPPY DISK UNIT2 - RECEIVE FROM GENERAL DEVICE3 - SEND TO GENERAL DEVICE

Options 0, 1, 2 and 3 are used to exchange programs between the CNC and the peripheraldevices.The numbers of the programs which can be exchanged are:

P00000 through P99990 Corresponding to part-programs.P99994 and P99996 Special ISO-coded programs.P99997 CANNOT be transmitted (internal use).P99998 Used to associate texts with PLC messages.P99999 Machine parameters and tables.

While working with these options, the screen will show: RECEIVING or SENDING and, whenthe transmission is completed, PROGRAM NUM. P----- RECEIVED or SENT.

4 - FLOPPY DISK UNIT DIRECTORYTo see the list of the programs stored in the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit.

5 - DELETE FLOPPY DISK UNIT PROGRAMTo delete a program of the Fagor Floppy Disk Unit, key in the program number and press [ENTER].

6 - DNC ON/OFFTo turn the DNC mode ON or OFF.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation manual Chapter 3 Section. 3.8.1


800T CNCII.2 Lock/unlock.

With this option, it is possible to lock or unlock the machine parameters andthe part-program memory of the CNC.

When the part-program memory is locked, the existing programs cannot bemodified and new ones cannot be edited. They can only be displayed andexecuted. To access this option, press:

[AUX] + [5] + [3] The codes which can be used are:

N0000 [ENTER] to unlock part-program memory.N1111 [ENTER] to lock part-program memory.

NOTE: Refer to the Operation manual Chapter 3 Section. 3.9

Self- Teaching ManualIndex1. Theory on CNC machines2. Theory on Tools3. Hands-on Training4. Automatic Operations5. Summary of Work Cycles6. Part-ProgramsApendix I. Other Maching operations on a LatheApendix II Peripherals

Documents

Fagor 800T CNC