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familiar abstractions - Michael Johanssonvideo puzzle game Tetris so that they fill the entire opening between two of the museum’s exhibition halls. Johans-son has found all of the

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Page 1: familiar abstractions - Michael Johanssonvideo puzzle game Tetris so that they fill the entire opening between two of the museum’s exhibition halls. Johans-son has found all of the
Page 2: familiar abstractions - Michael Johanssonvideo puzzle game Tetris so that they fill the entire opening between two of the museum’s exhibition halls. Johans-son has found all of the

familiar abstractionsmichael johansson

vigeland-museetthe vigeland museum

2013

Page 3: familiar abstractions - Michael Johanssonvideo puzzle game Tetris so that they fill the entire opening between two of the museum’s exhibition halls. Johans-son has found all of the

innhold content

forord trine otte bak nielsen

kurator

skulpturens nye steiner– vegger, kuber og michael johanssonjarle strømodden

museumsleder

vigeland-museet

den raka linjen mellan cornflakes och funktionalismjörgen svensson

kunstner og kurator

värmlands museum

prosessbilder utstillingenverksliste info kunstner

introduction trine otte bak nielsen

curator

sculpture’s new stones– walls, cubes and michael johanssonjarle strømodden

director

the vigeland museum

the straight linebetween cornflakes and funktionalism jörgen svensson

artist and curator

värmlands museum

process photosthe exhibitionlist of works info artist

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__________________________________________________________________________________ 68

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©Vigeland-museet/Bono 2013

ISBN 978-82-91830-26-1

Vigeland-museets skrifter 22

Katalogen er utgitt i forbindelse med utstillingen «Michael Johansson.

Familiar Abstractions» i Vigeland-museet, 8. mars - 12. mai 2013.

The catalogue is published in connection with the exhibition

«Michael Johansson. Familiar Abstractions» in the Vigeland Museum,

8 March – 12 May 2013.

Redakør/Editor: Trine Otte Bak Nielsen

Kurator/Curator: Trine Otte Bak Nielsen

Omslagsfoto/Cover photo: Michael Johansson

Foto/Photo: Erik Christian Nilsen, Michael Johansson

Oversettelse norsk-engelsk/Translation Norwegian-English: Francesca Nichols

Oversettelse svensk-engelsk/Translation Swedish-English:

Eileen Muller Myrdahl, Amesto Translations.

Design: Klipp og Lim Media

Trykk/Print: Spectra Offset as

Trykt på/Printet on 300 gram Algro design (omslag/cover),

170 gram Munken lynx, 200 gram Multiart matt.

Katalogen er utgitt med støtte fra Institusjonen Fritt Ord og Kulturrådet.

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introduction by trine otte bak nielsen, curatorforord av trine otte bak nielsen, kurator

Michael Johansson’s solo exhibition in the Vigeland Museum’s Spring 2013 programme entitled Familiar Abstractions is his first exhibition in a Norwegian museum. Freestanding sculptures and site-specific works are mounted in four of the museum’s halls. In addition he is using the museum’s exterior.

Michael Johansson has estab-lished himself as an artist with a dis tinctive idiom. When it comes to style his works display clear refer-ences to Conceptualism and American Minimalism, yet in his use of accumu-lated objects Johansson’s works have a broader sphere of reference, both culturally and artistically. When it comes to both form and palette, he creates works that are strikingly visual. The most monumental work in the exhibition is entitled Tetris – Vigeland Museum, a five metre high wall that Johansson had built specifically for this exhibition. He has arranged objects in a pattern resembling the video puzzle game Tetris so that they fill the entire opening between two of the museum’s exhibition halls. Johans-son has found all of the objects in the museum itself, from the sculpture storage rooms in the basement to Vigeland’s apartment on the second floor. The wall is monumental and decorative, yet also contemplative.

In addition, it interferes with the visi-tor’s circulation through the museum, where one now meets the wall.

It was in connection with the Norwegian Sculpture Biennial in 2011, where, along with 29 other exhibitors Johansson treated the theme “man and machine”, that I took notice of his artwork. We discussed the possi-bility of an exhibition at the Vigeland Museum, and it has since slowly but surely developed into the present exhibition: Familiar Abstractions. Our collaboration has been inspiring and challenging, and it has been exciting to watch the progression as Johans-son systematically and perseveringly develops his projects.

The exhibition catalogue pre -sents two different approaches to Johansson’s works. Jörgen Svensson, artist and curator at Värmland Konst-museum, provides a personal angle. As an artist he writes about his time as professor at the Trondheim Acad-emy of Fine Art, where he became acquainted with Johansson, who was a student there. Jarle Strømodden, Director of the Vigeland Museum, examines Johanssson’s artwork in an art historical perspective, where he among other things draws parallels to artists such as Rachel Whiteread, Jessica Stockholder and Tony Cragg. It is my hope that both essays will inspire

new interpretations of Johansson’s works.

On behalf of the Vigeland Museum I am proud to present Michael Johans-son’s Familiar Abstractions. The exhi-bition is not only a continuation of the museum’s long line of con tempo-rary art exhibitions in recent years, it also brings us a step further with its striking intervention in the museum’s venues.

Trine Otte Bak Nielsen Curator The Vigeland Museum.

Michael Johanssons separatutstilling Familiar Abstractions i Vigeland-museet våren 2013 er hans første museums-utstilling i Norge. Frittstående skulpturer og steds spesifikke arbeider fyller fire av museets saler, samt en del av museets eksteriør. Johansson utnytter museumsbygningen til fulle i denne utstillingen.

Michael Johansson har etablert seg med et distinkt uttrykk. Formmessig har han klare referanser til konsept-ualismen og amerikansk minimalisme, men hans arbeider er også høyst referensielle, både kulturelt og kunstnerisk ved sin bruk av innsamlede objekter. Han skaper ar bei-der som er sterkt visuelle, både når det gjelder form og fargebruk. Det mest monumentale arbeidet i utstillingen er innfill- verket Tetris – Vigeland-museet, en fem meter høy vegg som Johansson har bygget til utstillingen. I et tetris- lignende mønster har han plassert gjenstander slik at de fyller hele åpningen mellom to av museets utstillingssaler. Gjenstandene har han funnet i museet, fra skulptur lageret i kjelleren til Vigelands leilighet i tredje etasje. Veggen er monumental og dekorativ, men også kontemplativ. I tillegg griper den inn i museets ordinære sirkulære bevegelses-mønster gjennom salene, der man nå møter veggen.

Det var i forbindelse med Norsk skulpturbiennale 2011 at jeg fikk øynene opp for Johanssons kunstner-skap, der han blant 29 utstillere forholdt seg til temaet «menneske og maskin». Vi diskuterte muligheten for en utstilling i Vigeland-museet som deretter sakte men sikkert har utviklet seg til dagens endelige resultat: Fami-lar Abstractions. Samarbeidet har vært inspirerende og ut -fordrende. Det har vært spennende å se hvordan Johans-son systematisk og tålmodig utarbeider og gjennomfører sine prosjekter.

Utstillingskatalogen presenterer to ulike innfalls-vinkler til Johanssons arbeider. Jörgen Svensson, kunstner og kurator ved Värmland Konstmuseum, har en personlig

vinkling der han blant annet skriver om sin tid som profes-sor ved Kunstakademiet i Trondheim hvor han ble kjent Johansson som studerte samme sted. Jarle Strøm odden, museumsleder ved Vigeland-museet, undersøker Johans sons kunstnerskap i et kunsthistorisk perspektiv der han blant annet trekker paralleller til kunstnere som Rachel White-read, Jessica Stockholder og Tony Cragg. Jeg håper begge tekstene vil inspirere til nylesninger av Johanssons arbeider.

På vegne av Vigeland-museet er jeg stolt av å kunne presentere Michael Johanssons Familiar Abstractions. Utstillingen er ikke bare en videreføring av museets rekke av skiftende utstillinger av samtidskunst de siste årene, men den tar oss et skritt videre ved sin markante intervensjon i museumsbygningen.

Trine Otte Bak Nielsen Kurator Vigeland-museet.

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As beautiful as a chance meeting between a sewing machine and an umbrella on an operating table(Comte de Lautréaumont)

This is about cubes and walls that are stringent and taut, fascinating both in form and colour, and which at times lean towards the surreal. The works are beautiful and not as randomly assembled as might appear at first glance. This is about sculptures that exist well within the boundaries of the expanded field of sculpture. Michael Johansson relates to this established tradition, yet the materials he makes use of are still considered new within this tradition. Despite this, his works are characterised more by evolution than by revolution. They are unique and distinctive, yet they speak a common language. They often appear as obstructions or interventions, and thereby establish certain conditions for the viewer’s movements. They are constructed out of near and dear everyday components and can be perceived as physical manifestations of creative expression.

Form and ColourA consistent and distinctive feature of Johansson’s sculp-tural works is the clear structures they manifest. For the most part they have a clearly defined geometric form, either cubic or rectangular. When it comes to style his works display clear references to Conceptualism and American Minimalism, but Johansson’s works have a broader sphere of reference, both culturally and artistically. A monochrome colour scheme is another consistent feature of his works. They are most often held within nuances of white, green, red, brown or blue. This consistent approach provides the works with a well-defined form and visual calm. There are many ways of perceiving the rooms. Johansson has a tendency to both compress and fill space. A compression

Like vakkert som det tilfeldige møtet mellom en symaskin og en paraply på et operasjonsbord(Comte de Lautréaumont)

Dette handler om kuber og vegger som er stringente og stramme, fascinerende både i form og farge, og som til tider beveger seg mot det surrealistiske. Verkene er vakre, men ikke så tilfeldig sammensatt som de kan virke ved første øyekast. Dette handler om skulpturer som befinner seg godt innenfor grensene av skulpturens utvidete felt. Michael Johansson forholder seg til en etablert tradisjon som skulpturen jo er. Men innenfor denne tradisjonen er materialene han benytter fremdeles for nye å regne. Dette til tross, hans arbeider preges mer av evolusjon enn revolu-sjon. De er særegne og karakteristiske, men med et allment språk. De fremstår ofte som obstruksjoner eller inter-vensjoner og på denne måten setter de visse betingelser for betrakterens bevegelser. De er gjennomgående bygget opp av kjente og kjære dagligdagse elementer og kan ses som fysiske åndsverk.

Form og fargeEt gjennomgående og karakteristisk trekk ved Johans-sons skulpturale arbeider er den klare strukturen de inne-har. De har som oftest en klart definert geometrisk form, enten kubisk eller rektangulær. Formmessig har han klare referanser til konseptualisme og amerikansk mini malisme, men Johanssons arbeider har et vidt referansefelt, både kulturelt og kunstnerisk. Et fargemessig gjennomgående trekk ved hans arbeider er det monokrome. De holder seg som oftest innenfor skalaen, eller nyansene, av hvitt, grønt, rødt, brunt eller blått. Denne konsekvente holdningen gjør arbeidene formmessig definerte og visuelt stille. Det er flere måter å se rommene på. Johansson har en tendens

sculpture’s new stones – walls, cubes and michael johansson by jarle strømodden, director, the vigeland museum

skulpturens nye steiner – vegger, kuber og Michael Johansson av jarle strømodden, museumsleder, vigeland-museet

til både å komprimere og å fylle rom. Komprimeringen av rom finner vi i de kubiske formene som kan bestå av ulike deler inventar. Fyllingen ser vi der hvor han, rett og slett, fyller inn tomrom i en bygning.

Han forholder seg til ulike rom slik at objektene også uttrykker noe om ulike sfærer. Han griper inn i intim-sfæren gjennom en sammentrekning og han griper inn i den offentlige sfæren gjennom en utvidelse og utfylling.

Monokromt og mangefasettert Arbeidene til Johansson viser en fin forbindelse mellom variasjon og stringens. Variasjonene ligger i materialvalg og utforming. Han utfører både konkrete romobjekter og stedsspesifikke arbeider i, på eller i tilknytning til bygninger. Det stringente ligger blant annet i materialvalget og kolo-ritten. Med det mener jeg at han gjennomgående benyt-ter seg av fundne objekter (l’objet trouvée), for eksempel fra det stedet hvor utstillingen skal finne sted. Videre ser vi den gjennomgående holdningen til koloritten som hele tiden holder seg i det monokrome feltet.

Tetris (2007) er et frittstående verk med en dørkarm som ytre ramme. Selve døren er fastmontert og åpnet slik at den danner en monokrom hvit, vertikal flate. Denne står i kontrast til den polykrome døråpningen. Vi ser ulike objek-ter presset inn innenfor rammen; reisekoffert, verktøy-kofferter, gjesteseng, madrasser, flyttekasser, tennisracket, hockeyskøyter og piknikkurv, for å nevne noen få ele men-ter. Objektene danner en slags basis for et menneskes liv og levned, og knyttes slik sett til en intim- og offentlig sfære. Baksiden av verket viser de samme objektene i en

of space is found in the cubist shapes that consist of vari-ous inventory parts. A filling of space can be seen in cases where he actually fills an empty space in a building. He treats the various rooms in a way that allows the objects to express a sense of the different social spheres as well. He intervenes in the intimate sphere via contraction and he intervenes in the public sphere via expansion and filling in.

Monochrome and Multifaceted Works by Johansson demonstrate a subtle connection between variation and stringency. The variations are found in the choice of material and design. He executes both concrete spatial objects and site-specific works in, on, or in relationship to buildings. The stringent quality lies among other things in the choice of material and colour scheme. By this I mean that he consistently makes use of found objects (l’objet trouvée or ready-mades), for example from the site where the exhibition is to be held. Further, we see the consistent colour scheme, which habitually remains within the monochrome realm.

Tetris (2007) is a freestanding work with a doorframe as its outer framework. The door itself is fixed in a station-ery open position so that it forms a monochrome white, vertical plane. This creates a contrast to the polychrome contents of the door opening. We see various objects pressed into the frame: a suitcase, tool chests, a guest bed, matrasses, moving boxes, tennis rackets, hockey skates and a picnic basket, to name a few of the components. The objects comprise a kind of inventory over a human being’s life, or lifestyle, and are thus linked to both the

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private and the public space. The reverse side of the work shows the same objects in a chaotic arrangement. In this way a contrast in the work’s form and colour scheme arises. From the front we see tautness and solidity, while from the back and the sides, the same work reveals signs of a potential collapse.

1,5 m2 was executed in Stavanger in 2008 in a shop that was closed for business. The installation consists of various objects from the shop’s storage space, among them a moving trunk, transport pallets, vaulting horses, various planks, paintbrushes and cardboard tubes. These objects are pressed into a doorway of what appears to be the interior of a shop. The door is on the corner of the low, freestanding building and flanked by two large windows. Both windows are covered with brown paper from the inside. Documentation of the artwork reveals that the room is empty on the inside and that access to it was not permit-ted during the exhibition period.

One of the main works in the exhibition in the Vige-land Museum is Four Hundred Shades of Brown II from 2010. It is an enormous piece, 12 cubic metres in dimension, consisting of brown furniture; bureaus, tables, cabinets, radios – in other words, objects from the private sphere. It is the distinctive arrangement of the individual elements that makes the work. By taking them out of their famil-iar setting and depriving them of their original function, a sense of estrangement arises, with regard to them as well as us as viewers. We can see the same effect in Ghost from 2009, a cubic-shaped sculpture that measures 175 x 175 x 175 cm. It is composed among other things of a refrigerator, ironing board, sink, crib, kitchen clock, a chest of drawers, bookshelves, stools, coffee tables and a tumble dryer. Together the objects more or less make up the major components of a home.

These two afore-mentioned works, together with

Tetris, illustrate a typical aspect of a majority of Johans-son’s projects, namely, the dichotomy expressed by the terms “Heimlich”/“Unheimlich”. It is difficult to describe the feeling when something near and dear (“Heimlich”) appears in a strange guise (“Unheimlich”). Whether or not the intention is deliberate on the part of the artist, it is confusing for us the viewers.

In addition to these three-dimensional objects and installations, we find works of a more subtle character entitled Some assembly required (some of them bear other titles, but the principle is the same). These works are character ised of by a frame, and inside of the frame we find individual parts, i.e. a building sett. In form they resemble scale model sets (though not at all in size, since Johansson works in a scale of 1:1) such as those manufactured by Airfix or Heller. For many they invoke a flood of memories. The prefabricated components of boats, automobiles, airplanes and motorcycles came attached to each other, and to the thick frame that held them together. A major aspect of the task involved detaching the parts and organising them before they were glued together. Johansson has developed this concept further to include lawnmowers, picnic tables, hairdryers or small recreational boats.

These works are associated with the aesthetics of the model building that occurs in boy’s rooms. At the same time they encompass a memory recall function, in the sense that – for some of us viewers – they invoke memories of a bygone and innocent times.

Interventions Intervention is a predominant element of art on the whole, but especially within the field of installation art. This medium, or strategy, can be seen as having both an inviting and involving character with regard to the viewer, in addi-tion to being massive and at times brutal. An example of

kaotisk sammenstilling. Det oppstår en form- og fargemessig kontrast i verket. Forfra ser vi en stramhet og soliditet, mens det samme verket fra siden og bakfra innevarsler en poten-siell kollaps.

1,5 m2 ble utført i et nedlagt butikklokale i Stavanger i 2008. Installasjonen består av ulike objek-ter fra et lager blant annet transport-kasse, europall, bukker, diverse planker, malekost og papprør. Disse objektene er presset inn i en dør åpning til noe som ligner et butikk lokale. Døren er på hjørnet av den lave, frittstående bygningen og flankert av to store vinduer. Begge vinduene er til dek-ket med gråpapir fra innsiden. Doku-mentasjonen viser at rommet er tomt innvendig og at det ikke har vært tilgjengelig i utstillingsperioden.

Et av hovedverkene til ut stil-lingen i Vigeland-museet er Fira Hundre Nyanser av Brunt II fra 2010. Et massivt stykke arbeid på 12 kubikk som består av brune møbler; skatoll, bord, hylleskap, radio – kort sagt elemen-ter fra den hjemlige sfære. Det er den karakteristiske sammensettingen av enkeltelementene som gjør arbeidet. Ved å ta dem ut av sin vante plass og frata dem sin opprinnelige funksjon så oppstår det en fremmedgjøring, både av dem og overfor oss som be trak-tere. Vi kan se det samme i Ghost fra 2009. En kubisk formet skulptur som måler 175 x 175 x 175 cm. Den er satt sammen av blant annet et kombikjøle-skap, strykebrett, vaskeservant, barne-seng, kjøkkenklokke, skuffeseksjon, bokhyller, krakk, salongbord og tørke-trommel. Samlet danner objektene på mange måter basis for et hjem.

Disse to sistnevnte arbeidene, sammen med Tetris, synliggjør et typisk trekk ved de fleste av Johans-sons prosjekter, nemlig forholdet mellom det som kalles «Heimlich»/ «Unheimlich». Det er en følelse som er vanskelig å beskrive, som oppstår når noe kjent og kjært («Heimlich») opptrer i en annen tilstand («Unheim-lich»). Dette trenger ikke nødvendigvis å være en tilfeldig handling fra kunst-nerens side, men det er for oss uansett forvirrende.

I tillegg til disse tredimensjonale objektene og installasjonene finner vi verk av en mer subtil karakter, kalt Some assembly required (enkelte av dem har andre titler, men prinsippet er det samme). Arbeidene kjenneteg-nes av at de består av en ytre ramme og inne i den finner vi enkeltdeler, et byggesett. Det ligner i form (men langt fra i størrelse da Johansson arbeider i skala 1:1) det vi finner i byggesett fra fabrikanter som Airfix og Heller. For mange påkaller dette en strøm av minner. Båter, biler, fly og motorsykler kom festet til hverandre innenfor den tykke rammen. Mye av arbeidet besto i å løsne delene og systematisere dem før de ble limt sammen. Johansson har her altså ført dette videre til gressklip-pere, piknikbord, hårfønere eller små landstedsbåter.

Disse arbeidene knytter seg til en gutteromsestetikk vi kjenner fra modell-byggerverdenen. Samtidig ligger det også en minnefunksjon i arbeidene, i den forstand at de – for enkelte av oss betraktere – fremkaller minner fra en forgangen og uskyldig tid.

Intervensjoner I kunsten generelt, og særlig innenfor installasjonskunsten, er inter vensjon et fremtredende moment. Denne formen eller strategien kan vise seg både som inviterende og involverende

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the latter can be seen in the works of Jessica Stockholder (b. 1959) for example. In Norway she mounted a large exhibition, or more accu-rately a massive installation in Kunstnernes Hus in 1997, called Slab of Skinned Water, Cubed Chicken & White Sauce. She occupied both skylight rooms and the space at the top of the monumental stairway of Kunstnernes Hus. Among the most conspicuous elements she used were Glava (fibreglass) insulation mats, Leca (clay aggregate) building blocks and balls of hay wrapped in plastic. Stock-holder’s technique and interventions are more massive, and perhaps even more masculine, in form than Johansson’s, yet the kinship lies in making use of near and dear objects – we are referring to readymades – and then to build a construction that compels us to view everything in a new light. Both Stockholder and Johansson create what we can call a physical sequence, where the elements overlap. A transi-tion from one thing, or one object, to another establishes meaning.

Both the installations – or interventions – and sculp -tures created by Johansson are associated with an estab-lished artistic tradition. Although small in dimension, 1,5 m2 is an interesting example of this. As is the case with another of his site-specific installations in the exhibition at the Vigeland museum, where he obstructs the passage between two of the rooms. In itself, one might consider this a modest gesture, but when viewed in connection with daily routines, it implies a relatively large interference in our daily patterns of circulating around the museum. We liter-ally encounter a cul-de-sac here. Both these works call to mind Marcel Duchamp’s installation Sixteen Miles of String,

overfor betrakteren, i tillegg til å være massiv og brutal. Et eksempel på det sistnevnte kan vi se i arbeidene til for eksempel Jessica Stockholder (f. 1959). I norsk sammenheng hadde hun en stor utstilling, eller rettere; en massiv installasjon, i Kunstnernes Hus i 1997, kalt Slab of Skinned Water, Cubed Chicken & White Sauce. Hun tok i bruk begge overlyssalene og trappehallen. Blant de mest iøyne-fallende elementene hun benyttet var Glava isolasjonsmatter, Leca-blokker og plastinnrullede høyballer. Stock-holders grep og intervensjoner er mer massive, og kanskje mer maskuline i

sin form enn Johanssons, men likheten ligger i å anvende det nære og kjære – dette er readymades – og så utføre en konstruksjon som gjør at vi betrakter det hele med et nytt blikk. Både Stock-holder og Johansson skaper det vi kan kalle en fysisk sekvens der elementer går over i hverandre. Overgangen fra én ting, ett objekt til et annet etablerer en mening.

Både installasjonene, eller inngrepene, og skulpturene til Johans-son knytter seg til en etablert kunst-historisk tradisjon. Verket 1,5 m2 er et interessant eksempel om enn lite i omfang.

Det vil også en av hans steds-spesifikke installasjoner til ut stil lingen i Vigeland-museet være, der han kom mer til å stenge passasjen mellom to saler. Dette kan i seg selv ses som en beskjeden gest, men med tanke på den daglige bruk så innebærer dette et relativt stort inngrep i vårt daglige bevegelsesmønster. På sett og vis kommer vi til å møte veggen. Begge disse har en forbindelse til Marcel Duchamps installasjon Sixteen Miles of String som ble utført i for bin-delse med utstillingen «First Papers of Surrealism» i New York 1942. En tråd med totallengde på ca 25 mil ble truk-ket inn i et rom og dannet et fysisk og visuelt sammensurium og forhindret publikum adgang til rommet.

Vi har sett andre eksempler hvor han benytter utstyr – verktøytraller eller gardintrapper – som en betydelig del av sine installasjoner, eller inngrep,

Jessica Stockholder.

Oversiktsbilde fra

utstillingen Slab of

Skinned Water, Cubed

Chicken & White Sauce,

Kunstnernes Hus, 1997.

Foto: Jamie Parslow,

Oslo. ©Jessica Stock-

holder. Jessica Stockholder.

Installation view from

the exhibition Slab of

Skinned Water, Cubed

Chicken & White Sauce,

Kunstnernes Hus, 1997.

Photo: Jamie Parslow,

Oslo. ©Jessica Stock-

holder.

Jessica Stockholder. Oversiktsbilde fra

utstillingen Slab of Skinned Water, Cubed

Chicken & White Sauce, Kunstnernes Hus,

1997. Foto: Jamie Parslow, Oslo. ©Jessica

Stockholder.

Jessica Stockholder. Installation view

from the exhibition Slab of Skinned Water,

Cubed Chicken & White Sauce, Kunst-

nernes Hus, 1997. Photo: Jamie Parslow,

Oslo. ©Jessica Stockholder.

which was executed in connection with the exhibition “First Papers of Surrealism” in New York in 1942. A string meas-uring a total of sixteen miles (ca. 26 km) was strung up in an exhibition room thereby creating a physical and visual jumble of matter that impeded the public from entering the room.

We have seen other examples of how he makes use of equipment, such as trolleys and stepladders, as major elements in his installations – or interventions – and some-thing that to a certain degree hinders the institution from conducting its daily tasks in a routine manner. Is this to be interpreted as criticism of institutions? No, I do not think so. I believe it has more to do with a strategy where one makes use of what one finds at hand, and in the process it’s not improba-ble that one might end up poking fun at the institution.

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og noe som til en viss grad hindrer institusjonen å utføre sin daglige dont på daglig manér. Er dette å betrakte som en institusjonskritikk? Nei, jeg vil ikke mene dét. Det handler mer om å anvende det man har for hånden, og så kan det hende at man langs veien ender opp med å spille institu-sjonen et pek eller to.

ForbindelseneKunsten er full av referanser, og det er selvsagt morsomt for enhver kunsthistoriker å finne dem. Noen er allerede nevnt i forbindelse med det vi kan kalle Johanssons inter-vensjoner. Men, når jobben skal gjøres så handler det om å peke på de referansene som er relevante. Denne pek in-gen er nødvendig for å se kunsten generelt, og i dette tilfellet Michael Johansson spesielt, i et perspektiv og i en sammenheng. I motsetning til hva mange kan forledes til å tro, så er verken kunsten eller kunstneren autonom.

Arbeidene til Johansson ligger nær en konsept-ualisme som er både europeisk og amerikansk. Den kubiske formen peker tilbake på amerikanske minimalis-ter som Donald Judd (1928-1994), Tony Smith (1912-1980) og Larry Bell (f. 1939). Både materialmessig og koloristisk er det nærliggende å tenke på tidlige verk av Tony Cragg (f. 1949). Johanssons bruk av (og besettelse for?) daglig-dagse objekter kan også knyttes til Ilya Kabakov (f. 1933) som i Norge er mest kjent for installasjonen Mannen som aldri kastet noe (1988-1995) som er permanent plassert i Museet for samtidskunst i Oslo. Et påfallende trekk ved Johanssons arbeider er systematiseringen og stramheten. Det er en grad av senti mentalitet i arbeidene som nesten umerkelig beveger seg mellom besittelse og besettelse. Besittelsen ligger i det å ha, eie eller å samle på ting for

The ConnectionsArt is full of references and it is obviously great fun for an art historian to uncover them. Some of these have already been mentioned in connection with what we can call Johansson’s inter ventions. But, at the end of the day, it is a question of pointing at the relevant references. This act of pointing is necessary in order to view art in general, and in this case, Michael Johansson in particular, in a particular perspective, as well as in a particular context. Contrary to what some might be led to believe, neither the artwork nor the artist is autonomous.

When it comes to style, Johansson’s works are closely associated with type of conceptual art that is both European and American. The cubist form points to works by American minimalists such as Donald Judd (1928-1994), Tony Smith (1912-1980) and Larry Bell (b. 1939). In the choice of material as well as palette, it is reasonable to recall the early works of Tony Cragg (b. 1949). Johansson’s use of (and obsession with?) everyday household objects can also be linked to Ilya Kabakov (b. 1933), who is most famous in Norway for his installation The Garbage Man (The Man who never threw away anything) (1988-1995) which is permanently housed in the National Museum of Contempo-rary Art in Oslo. A striking feature of Johansson’s works is their systematic organisation and taut construction. There is a degree of sentimentality in the works, which almost imperceptibly shifts between connotations of possession and obsession. A definition of possession includes the concept of having, owning or collecting things, in this case in order to use them in an installation. Obsession evokes exactly the same traits: to have, to own or collect.

The title of Johansson’s piece Ghost may indicate something past, perhaps lost, but this “something” is nevertheless highly present. When it comes to form, this work calls to mind the British artist Rachel Whiteread

å bruke dem til en installasjon. Besettelsen er det samme, nettopp det å ha, eie eller å samle.

Tittelen i Johanssons verk Ghost kan indikere noe forgangent, kanskje et tap, men dette «noe» er likevel høyst nærværende. Formmessig kan dette verket peke tilbake til den engelske kunstneren Rachel Whiteread (f. 1963). I 1990 utførte hun et verk med tittelen Ghost. Det White-read gjorde var å lage en avstøpning av et interiør fra et klassisk engelsk rekkehus. Veggene, tak- og gulvlistene og peisen er synlige spor i denne massive, kubiske sement-blokken. Det er flere tangeringspunkter mellom Whiteread

(b. 1963). In 1990 she executed a work with the same title, Ghost. What Whiteread did was to make a cast of the in -terior of a traditional English townhouse. The walls, ceiling, floor mouldings and the fireplace are visibly imprinted in the massive, cubic concrete block.

There are many points of similarity between Whiteread and Johansson; for one, the cubist and geomet-rical aspect has already been mentioned. Both are also oriented towards the familiar, what we find in the private sphere. Whereas Whiteread makes casts, Johansson uses everyday functional objects. In addition they have a strong interest in empty space, perhaps it is even a case of ‘horro vacuii’, a fear of empty space. In the early 1990s Whiteread created several works that were actually casts of the empty space beneath a chair. They were arranged in a row, like geometrical shapes, a strategy that linked them to the serial aspect of minimalism. Johansson is also pre -occupied with empty space, in particular with filling them with objects that are in some way related to each other.

Michael Johansson’s Ghost is also reminiscent of works by American artist Tony Smith, who in the early 1960s created the iconic work Die, which measures 6 x 6 x 6 feet – the equivalent of the average height of a human being. In an interview Smith was asked why he did not execute the work in a larger scale. He responded by saying that he did not wish to create a monument. He was then asked why he did not execute it in a smaller scale. He responded that he did not wish to create an object.

I have mentioned Marcel Duchamp’s Sixteen Miles of String in relation to the work 1,5 m2. One can also point to two projects exhibited in Paris more than 50 years ago. In 1958 the artist Yves Klein mounted an exhibition entitle “Le Vide” (Emptiness) in Galerie Iris Clert. To create the exhi-bition he had removed the entire inventory and painted the room white. In 1960 his friend and colleague Arman

Rachel Whiteread, Ghost, 1990. ©The National Gallery of Art,

Washington, USA. ©Rachel Whiteread.

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og Johansson. Det kubiske og geometriske er nevnt. Begge er også orientert mot det nære, det vi finner i intimsfæren. Whiteread tar avstøpning mens Johansson bruker daglig-dagsebruksgjenstander. I tillegg har de en sterk interesse for tomrommet, kanskje er det tale om en «horror vacuii» (frykten for det tomme rom). Whiteread utførte på begyn-nelsen av 1990-tallet noen arbeider som rett og slett var avstøpninger av tomrommet under en stol. De ble presen-tert i rekke, som geometriske former, noe som forbandt dem med minimalismens serialitet. Johansson er også opptatt av tomme rom, og i særlig grad fylle dem med gjenstander som kan relateres til hverandre.

Michael Johanssons Ghost peker også tilbake til amerikaneren Tony Smith som på begynnelsen av 1960-tallet utførte det nå ikoniske verket Die som måler 6 x 6 x 6 fot – det samme som gjennomsnittshøyden til et menneske. I et intervju ble Smith spurt om hvorfor han ikke utførte verket i en større skala. Han svarte at han ikke ville lage et monu-ment. Han ble så spurt om hvorfor han ikke utførte det i en mindre skala. Han svarte at han ikke ville lage et objekt.

Jeg har nevnt Marcel Duchamps Sixteen Miles of String i tilknytning til verket 1,5 m2. I tillegg er det refe ranser til to utstillingsprosjekter i Paris for mer enn 50 år siden. I 1958 hadde kunstneren Yves Klein utstillingen «Le Vide» (det tomme) i Galerie Iris Clert. Han hadde til utstillingen fjernet inventaret og malt rommet hvitt. I 1960 tok hans venn og kollega Arman og lagde utstillingen «Le Plein» (det fulle) i det samme gallerirommet der han hadde fylt det opp med ulike ting slik at det var umulig å tre inn.

Man skal huske at det nesten ikke er grenser for hva man kan trekke frem når det gjelder referanser innenfor kunsthistorien. Dette gjelder for kunsten generelt og for Johansson spesielt. Men, det er naturlig å se litt nærmere på Tony Cragg i en slik sammenheng og forbindelsen er tydeligst i hans tidligste arbeider, dvs. de fra sent 1970-tall

responded by mounting the exhibi-tion “Le Plein” (Fullness) in the same gallery venue, which he filled up with various objects making it impossible to enter it.

One must keep in mind that there are hardly any limits to what one can point to when it comes to refer-ences from art history. This applies to art in general, and to Johansson in particular. It would seem natural to take a closer look at Tony Cragg in this context. The connection is most obvi-ous in his earlier works, i.e. those from the late 1970s and a few years there-after. Cragg’s career spans over three decades and extreme diversity when it comes to both material use and idiom. Cragg belongs to the gen era-tion of British artists – together with Bill Woodrow, Allison Wilding and Richard Deacon and others – whose main strategy was to use pre fabri-cated, low-status materials instead of those commonly used in handicrafts and art. Cragg’s use of plastic objects such as toy shovels, buckets, toy cars, and the like, were not intended as recycled objects but more as a way of defining a new kind of raw material. These were the new stones of sculpture, and it is with these kind of stones that Michael Johansson further develops the tradition.

Radical ConventionJohansson’s three-dimensional works, and installations are clear examples of a development in modernist sculp-ture. They diverge from the classical tradition, or references to classicism, among other things via the character of the material and their arrangement in space. What was once a radical mode of expression has now become an established tradition, which is a good thing, and we have shifted from the revolutionary to the evolu-tionary. Johansson works within a broadened sculptural context, but he does not expand the field of sculpture itself. He works well within the norms of the medium, yet with a unique language that, with its multiple levels, is commonly accessible. Johansson’s art is executed in such a way as to be part of our daily speech. This idiom is both visually beautiful and intellectu-ally challenging. We may like what we see, and let it go at that. But we can also allow ourselves to be tempted to partake in intellectual exercises when we observe the works. When we perform these exercises we can discover the references and traditions that he belongs to. And by doing so, we begin to build with new stones of our own.

og noen år fremover. Craggs karriere har strukket seg over tre tiår og en høy diversitet med tanke på både material-bruk og formspråk. Cragg hører til den genera sjonen britiske kunstnere – sammen med bl.a. Bill Woodrow, Allison Wilding og Richard Deacon – hvor hovedstrategien lå i å anvende prefabrikerte og lavt kodede materialer i stedet for det som var håndverks- og kunstpreget. Craggs bruk av plastobjekter som lekespader, bøtter, lekebiler etc., var ikke tenkt som gjenbruk, men mer en måte å definere et nytt råmateriale for skulptur. Dette var skulpturens nye steiner, og det er disse steinene Michael Johansson bygger videre med.

Radikal konvensjonJohanssons tredimensjonale arbeider, og installasjoner, er tydelige videreføringer av skulpturens modernisme. De bryter med det klassiske og klassiserende, blant annet gjennom materialkarakter og plassering i rom. Det som en gang var en radikal uttrykksform, er nå blitt en etablert tradisjon, hvilket er en fin ting, og vi har beveget oss fra det revolusjonære til det evolusjonære. Johansson arbeider innenfor et utvidet felt hva skulpturen angår, men han ut -vider ikke skulpturfeltet. Han opererer godt innenfor feltet, men med et særegent språk som med sine ulike nivåer er allment tilgjengelig. Johanssons kunst er utført slik at den er del av vår dagligtale. Dette billedspråket er både visu-elt vakkert og intellektuelt utfordrende. Vi kan like det vi ser, og la det bli med det. Men, vi kan også la oss friste til intellektuelle øvelser når vi betrakter arbeidene. Når vi gjør disse øvelsene oppdager vi referansene og tradisjonen han tilhører. Sånn sett legger vi til våre egne nye steiner.

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Being an artist today is in many ways something other than what it was in the past. The number of arenas in which art and artists are visible has multiplied. Today, there are more galleries, exhibition spaces and muse-ums than ever. Not least, the Inter-net has created a great number of spaces in which artists can work. Technical developments have also made it considerably easier for artists to produce work that can be widely disseminated. Artists who succeed in finding compatible forms of expres-sions have great opportunities.

In studying Michael Johansson’s work, a notable issue is how well his work functions in different contexts. His work is very flexible. The artistic method he has found functions just

as well in monumental works in public spaces, in galleries, and – why not? – in office environments. I believe that Michael’s energy – he is very produc-tive – is partly founded in his enthusi-asm over having found a key that works in any lock. Few manage that. There may of course be a danger in this: that the very sense of having found the right approach leads to repetition and stagnation. However, it can also lead to infinite rooms that never end and in which there is an abundance of things to discover and try.

Michael Johansson was briefly my student while I was a Professor at the Trondheim Academy of Fine Art. He had a year left of his BFA when I started teaching at the Academy. I cannot recall having had all that many conversations with him during the year at the Academy. Neverthe-less, in my recollection we quickly established a good rapport; perhaps because we were both Swedes, but primarily because I found Michael to be a sympathetic person. It is not at all uncommon for students at institu-tions of higher learning in the arts to see themselves as mature artists and occasionally even as stars. Michael did not belong in this category. What I recall of his work during that time

were the installations he created in his studio at the Academy. I remember that he had a lot of things in his studio. It is possible that the ideas for how he was to later work as an artist emerged at the stage when he was to pack up his studio and move back to Sweden.

It happens very often that brilliant ideas are born of limitations or a dilemma; in Michael’s case, perhaps the question of how he was to pack up all the mate-rials that were in the studio. I do not know, but by studying Michael’s CV we can see that he travelled extensively even while at the Academy. Perhaps the years of travel and packing have accumulated in an experience bank, which at a special moment was just there to use. As I said, I do not know. But I do know a lot about limitations and dilemmas – just like most artists. It is also something that unites all crea-tive work, whether it is art, research, or other activities where there is no given truth to work from.

Limitations can be access points. Matisse knew this. He was a lawyer and came late to painting. He was given a box of paints while convalescing from an illness. This was mostly to give him something to do. He got interested and signed up for a day school. The

Att vara konstnär idag är i många avseenden någonting annat än det var igår. Antalet arenor där konst och konst-nären synliggörs har mångfaldigats. Det finns idag fler gallerier, konsthallar och museer än någonsin tidigare. Inte minst Internet har skapat ett stort antal platser för konstnärer att verka. Den tekniska utvecklingen har också gjort det avsevärt lättare för konstnärer att producera verk för stor spridning. För den konstnär som lyckas hitta uttrycksätt som är kompatibla finns stora möjligheter.

Det som är påtagligt när man studerar Michael Johanssons produktion är hur bra hans verk fungerar i olika sammanhang. De är i hög grad kompatibla. Den konstnär-liga metod han har funnit passar lika bra som monumentala verk i offentlig miljö, i gallerimiljö eller varför inte i kontors-miljö. Jag tror att Michaels energi, för han är produktiv, delvis kommer ur entusiasmen över att ha hittat en nyckel som fungerar till alla lås. Det är få förunnat. I detta kan det naturligtvis finnas en fara, att själva känslan över att hittat rätt innebär en upprepning och stagnation. Å andra sidan kan det leda till oändliga rum som aldrig tar slut och där det finns hur mycket som helst att upptäcka och pröva.

Michael Johansson var under en kort tid min student då jag var professor vid Konstakademien i Trondheim. Han hade ett år kvar på sin BFA när jag började under-visa på skolan. Jag kan inte minnas att vi hade så många samtal under året på skolan. Vi fick, så som jag upplevde det, ändå snabbt en bra kontakt. Kanske för att vi båda var svenskar men framför allt för att jag upplevde Michael som en inkännande människa. Det är inte alldeles ovanligt att elever vid de högre lärosätena för konst ser sig som färdiga konstnärer och ibland även som stjärnor. Michael hörde inte till den kategorin. Vad jag kommer ihåg av hans verk från den tiden var installationerna han gjorde i sin studio på

the straight line between cornflakes and funktionalism by jörgen svensson, artist and curator, värmlands museumden raka linjen mellan cornflakes och funktionalism av jörgen svensson, kunstner og kurator, värmlands museum

skolan. Minns att han hade mycket saker i sin ateljé. Det är möjligt att idén till hur han senare skulle arbeta som konst-när föddes i skedet när han skulle packa ihop ateljén och flytta tillbaka till Sverige.

Det händer allt som oftast att genialiska idéer föds i en oförmåga eller ett dilemma, i Michaels fall kanske hur han skulle packa för att få med allt material som fanns i ateljén. Detta vet jag inte, men studerar man Michaels CV så har han rest runt en hel del redan under skoltiden. Kanske har åren av resande och packande ackumulerats i en erfarenhets bank, som vid ett speciellt ögonblick bara fanns där att ta för sig av. Om detta vet jag som sagt inget. Men det där om oförmåga och dilemma vet jag en hel del om, precis som de flesta konstnärer. Det är också något som förenar allt kreativt skapande vare sig det handlar om konst, forskning eller annan verksamhet där det inte finns någon given sanning att utgå ifrån.

Oförmåga kan vara en tillgång. Det visste Matisse. Han var jurist och började måla sent. Han fick en målarlåda

Michael Johansson, Finn femtio fel, 2003.

Oversiktsbilde. Michael Johansson, Find Fifty Faults, 2003.

Installation view.

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under en konvalescens efter en tids sjukdom. Mest för att ha något att göra. Han blev intresserad och anmälde sig till en dagskola. Undervisningen handlade mest om att göra kopior av berömda mästerverk från ett museum. Eleverna bestod till stora delar av flickor och pojkar vars föräldrar var anställda på museet. Matisse förbannade sin oförmåga att inte kunna kopiera lika bra som de andra. Istället för att misströsta och sluta måla vände han sitt måleri och konst-närskap mot något annat. Resten är konsthistoria.

Michaels oförmåga har, likt Matisse, varit själva förut-sättningen för utvecklingen av ett konstnärskap. Den kan vara sprungen ur dilemmat av att inte veta vart han skulle göra av alla saker, eller hur han smidigast skulle flytta på dem. Det kan emellertid lika gärna vara så att hans arbeten är en konklusion av det han sett och stött på i konstvärl-den de senaste 10-15 åren. Att stapla möbler och objekt i ett rum är inte unikt i konsten. Det Michael tillför är en slags perfektion som liknar ingenjörskonst, och en logisti-ker skulle kunna jubla över hans förmåga.

När man ser ett verk av Michael Johansson gör man det nästan alltid med ett leende på läpparna. Jag tror det hand-lar om något som vi alla känner igen, nämligen var vi ska göra av allt vi köper och samlar på oss. Vår tids dilemma. I vart fall för den välbärgade delen av världen. Michael tycks ha funnit nyckeln för att även lösa det problemet. Det hand-lar bara om att klämma in det på ett smart, effektivt och snyggt sätt. Jag tror också att det förlösande leendet beror på den underbara känslan av ordning och reda. Oavsett vilka liv var och en av oss lever, upplever de flesta någon del av tillvaron som kaotisk. Livet är för de flesta fyllt av stress och krav.

Därmed stannar inte verken endast vid leendet och vid det humoristiska som finns i nästan alla Michaels verk, vilket jag återkommer till senare. Verken får också en bety-

teaching was mostly about copying famous masterpieces from a museum. The pupils were mostly girls and boys whose parents worked at the museum. Matisse cursed his inability to copy as well as the others. Instead of despairing and giving up painting, he turned his painting and art prac-tice towards something else. The rest is art history.

Like Matisse, Michael’s limitations have been the very foundation for the development of an artistic prac-tice. It may have emerged from the dilemma of not know-ing where to put everything, or how best to move things. However, it may just as well be that his work is a conclusion of what he has seen and come across in the art world in the past 10-15 years. Stacking furniture and objects in a room is not unique in art. What Michael adds is a sort of perfection that resembles the art of engineering; a logistician would rejoice over his abilities.

Michael Johansson’s work is almost always viewed with a smile on the lips. I think this is about something that we all recognise: what to do with everything we buy and collect. It is the dilemma of our age. At least in the affluent parts of the world. Michael seems to have found the key to solving even that problem. It is simply about cramming it in in a smart, efficient and pretty way. I also think that the liberat-ing smile comes from the wonderful sense of orderliness. Regardless of the life each and every one of us lives, most of us find some part of our life chaotic. Most of us have lives filled with stresses and demands.

Thus the work does not stop at the smile and the humour that is there in nearly all of Michael’s work, and which I return to later. The work also gets meaning from the questions about our lifestyle in a global context. Here, the work is filled with political reflections. This is where I find Michael Johansson’s artistic practice the most interest-ing. It is almost like the Trojan horse, which first appears

to be a fun thing, and then later turns out to be filled with political power. It is impressive that he in addition succeeds in adapting the expression so that it works in the most diverse environments without needing to make any signif-icant compromises.

Compact Living is one of the topics that relates to our global context. This may be one of the first associa-tions people make when seeing Michael’s work of stacked and/or tightly crammed everyday objects. A Google hit for “Compact Living” gets 42,900,000 hits. In other words, it is a concept that is established in our society and conscious-ness. However, Michael avoids the trap of having his work stop at just this. The way he works with colour is one of the ways in which he achieves this. In other words, it is not just about organising and packing. It is also about aesthet-ics. The works are lifted into an art history context, which can partly be about the relationship of painting to reality. But they also work as sculptures without the responsibility of having to be anything else. Colour can have different functions in art. It can be a technical tool to create depth or temperature in a picture. Colour can also be symbolic, and can even be used to place something in a context. In Michael’s case, this is a painterly context.

There are many works of art that bounce between different meanings, but I want to argue that in this context, Michael Johansson’s work differs from many others’. A work by Michael Johansson can be seen as something natural, not in the sense that you immediately understand what it is about, but in the sense that it has always been there. One explanation can be that the work often consists of recognisable objects, but it is also because it is an aesthetic that is located near the contemporary. Lines can be drawn between some of Michael Johansson’s works and contem-porary architecture, which often finds fodder in functional-ism. This returns us to the idea about orderliness, structures

delse i de frågeställningar som handlar om vår livsstil i en global situation. Här fylls verken av politiska reflektioner. Det är nog här jag finner Michael Johanssons konstnär-skap som mest intressant. För det är nästan som med den trojanska hästen, som först ger sig ut för att vara en kul grej, och som sedan visar sig vara fylld med politisk spräng-kraft. Att han dessutom lyckas anpassa uttrycket till att fungera i de mest skilda miljöer, utan att behöva kompro-missa nämnvärt, är imponerande.

Ett av de ämnen som hänger samman med vår globala situation är den om Compact Living. Detta är kanske också det första många tänker på när de ser Michaels verk av staplade och/eller hårt stuvade vardagsobjekt. Söker man «Compact Living» på Google får man 42 900 000 träffar. Det är således ett begrepp som etablerats i vårt samhälle och medvetande. Men Michael undkommer fällan med att verken skulle stanna vid enbart detta. Ett sätt han gör det på är hur han jobbar med färger. Det handlar alltså inte enbart om att strukturera och paketera. Det handlar också om en estetik. Verken lyfts in i en konsthistorisk kontext, som delvis kan handla om måleriets förhållande till verk-ligheten. Men de fungerar också som rena skulpturer utan ansvar att behöva vara något annat. I konsten kan färgen ha olika funktioner. Den kan vara ett verktyg för att rent tekniskt skapa djup eller temperatur i en bild. Färgen kan också vara symbolbärande, men kan även användas för

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att placera något i en kontext. I Michaels fall en målerisk kontext.

Det finns många konstverk som studsar mellan olika innebörder, men jag skulle vilja hävda att Michaels Johans-sons verk i detta avseende skiljer sig från många andra. Ett verk av Michael Johansson kan betraktas som något själv-klart, inte på ett sådant sätt att man omedelbart förstår vad det handlar om, utan som om det har funnits där i eviga tider. En förklaring kan vara att verken ofta utgörs av igenkännbara föremål, men också för att det handlar om en estetik som placerar sig nära en samtid. Mellan några av Michaels Johanssons verk kan det dras linjer mot en samtida arkitektur, som i många fall hämtar sin näring ur funktionalismen. Så är vi då åter tillbaka till idén om ordning och reda, strukturer och planering.

Där arkitekturen blir snustorr blir Michaels verk istäl-let en klackspark, en blinkning till olika samtida fenomen. Dock utan att förlora den allvarsamhet som de också är bärare av. Att balansera på en lina mellan allvar och lek är för många konstnärer något att sträva efter. Få lyckas. Konstnärer värda beundran är de som vågar riskera sin heder och ära genom att vara banala och rent av usla, men som likt ett trolleritrick likväl inte drattar på ändan. Michael Johansson tar inte den sortens risker, inte för att jag inte tror att han vågar, utan mer för att hans utryck kräver en exakthet, en precision.

Vi som är något äldre minns vår barndoms Cornflake-spaket. I dem låg det en liten modellbyggsats, där de olika delarna som skulle sammanfogas satt fast i ett omkringlig-gande ramverk. Michael har i flera arbeten kopierat meto-den, men i en betydligt större skala och med föremål av ett helt annat slag. Det kan vara en elvisp, en hårtork eller en stor roddbåt. Det brukar alltid uppstå humor i skalförskjut-ningar. Så också i dessa verk, men även här finns en riktning mot mer existentiella tankespår.

and plans. Where architecture becomes

bone-dry, Michael’s works become a breeze, a wink to various contempo-rary phenomena – yet without losing the seriousness that they also embody. Balancing on a line between serious-ness and fun is something many artists strive towards. Few succeed. Artists worthy of admiration are those who dare to risk their honour and glory by being banal and downright wretched, but who, like a magic trick, neverthe-less do not fall in the end. Michael Johansson does not take this type of

Vår tid präglas av ständiga val. Det har skapat en känsla av att allt är utbytbart ner till minsta beståndsdel. Livet tycks bestå av att sammanfoga en rad delar till en perfekt harmonisk helhet. Många människor går dock omkring med en frustration över att ha fått fel delar, att de fick en defekt modell redan i Cornflakespaketet. Kanske de också fick det. Sådant händer.

Likt de skulpturer som är skapade av hårt pres-sade vardagsföremål, och som bildar kuber eller andra geometriska former, skänker även dessa verk en tröst om att det trots allt går att reda ordning i det så annars kaotiska livet. Även om det bara är en illusion. De här skulpturerna har dock en annan lätthet på grund av själva konstruktio-nen. Det handlar inte om att tätt packa samman vardags-föremål. Istället erbjuds ett antal delar som, om de fogas samman, bildar en helhet, ett enda objekt. Dessa skulpturer har Michael presenterat i både gallerimiljö och som offent-liga verk utomhus. Även här slås man av hur väl de fungerar, de olika miljöerna och förhållandena till trots.

Man kan prata en hel del om offentlig konst. I samband

Michael Johansson, TOYS’R’US, 2006. Oversiktsbilde/ Installation view.

Michael Johansson, Rubiks kurve, 2010. Oversiktsbilde/ Installation view.

risk; I do not think this is because he does not dare to, but because his form of expression requires exactness and precision.

Those of us who are older recall the Cornflakes box from our childhood. There was a small model kit in them, in which the various parts that were to be fitted together were attached to a surrounding frame. In several works, Michael has copied this method, though at a significantly larger scale and to a very different purpose. This may be an electric mixer, a hair dryer or a large row boat . Distortions of

scale are often humorous. This is also the case in these works, but even here there is a turn towards more existential questions.

Our age is characterised by contin-ual choices. This has led to a feeling of everything being interchangable, down to the smallest part. Life seems to consist of joining a series of parts to a perfect harmonious whole. Yet many people are frustrated over having been given the wrong parts; that they were given a defective model in their box of Cornflakes. Perhaps that is true, even. It happens.

Like the sculptures created of tightly packed everyday objects, forming images of cubes or other geometrical forms, even these works offer the comfort of thinking that it is possible to organise our otherwise so chaotic lives. Even if that is just an illu-sion. However, these sculptures have a different form of lightness due to their construction. It is not about tightly cramming everyday objects. Instead, a number of parts are offered that, when put together, create a whole – a single object. Michael has presented these sculptures in both galleries and outdoor public spaces. Again, one is struck by how well they work, the different environments and conditions notwithstanding.

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med den relationella konstens intåg på 90-talet kom diskussionen om offent-lig konst att både vidgas och proble-matiseras. Inte minst kom konstens funktion i samhället i fokus. De konst-närer som arbetar med relationell konst har inte bara ambitionen att placera ett konstverk på en plats. Man vill också omfatta och arbeta med de människor som på ett eller annat sätt har kopplingar till platsen.

Detta är i och för sig inte så olikt

Much can be said about public art. In connection with the emergence of relational art in the 90s, the discussion about public art was both expanded and problematised. Not least, there was a focus on art’s function in society. The artists who work on relational art do not just aim to place the artwork somewhere or other. They also want to include and work with the people who in one way or another are associated with the space.

This is not actually all that different from the traditional views from earlier periods about public art, when artists were also in some ways forced to relate to the location and its actors. The difference is that in relational art, it is the collaboration with other actors and the process that is thereby created that is the work. This means that rela-tional art rarely leaves an artefact behind, unless we by that also mean documentation such as film and photos. Relational art also often displays a willingness to integrate with people’s everyday lives.

Michael Johansson is not a relational artist, but one can certainly argue that everyday life is present in his art. He uses materials he finds at flea-markets and second hand shops. These are remnants of people’s everyday lives. Like in relational art, habits and patterns of behaviour form the basis for Michael’s art. From his starting with what our everyday lives produces and leaves behind, we can easily identify society in time and space in his art. Political dimen-sions can be found even here, should we want to see them.

In the summer of 2012, I curated a sculpture exhibition in the park that surrounds Värmland Museum in Karlstad, a mid-size city in central Sweden. Michael was one of five artists who were invited to participate. The budget for each artist was not particularly large, as indeed it rarely is when municipalities invest in art. Furthermore, exhibitions in parks are one of the most difficult areas to venture into as an artist. There are usually a great deal of parameters to relate to, not least a budget that is far too small. If the work is to remain in place for some time, as was the case in Karlstad, the artist must even relate to weather and wind conditions. Security is another problem. If the client is a municipality or something similar, there are even explicit or implicit wishes about the nature and purpose of the work.

After the artists had visited the park and gained a sense of the conditions, Michael was the first to submit a proposal. There was a table with attached benches in the park; the type of tables that are often seen in parks and at rest stops. Michael’s proposal used a bench like this as a starting point. He made a copy of it in the form of a model kit, or like the

Michael Johansson, Some Assembly Required – Picnic, 2012. Oversiktsbilde/ Installation view.

den tidigare mer traditionella synen på offentlig konst, då också den i någon form oftast tvingats förhålla sig till platsen och dess aktörer. Skillnaden är att inom den relationella konsten är samarbetet, med andra aktörer och den process som det skapar, själva verket. Det innebär att den relationella konsten sällan lämnar någon artefakt efter sig, om man inte i detta begrepp också inbegriper dokumentation som film och foto. Det finns också inom den

relationella konsten oftast en vilja att interagera med människors vardag.

Michael Johansson hör inte till de rela-tionella konstnärerna, men man kan utan tvekan hävda att människors vardag finns närvarande i hans konst. Det material han använder sig av finner han på loppisar och i second hand butiker. Det är lämningar från många människors vardag. Likt den relationella konsten blir vanor och beteendemönster grundläggande för den konst Michael skapar. Genom att utgå från det som vår vardag produ-cerar och lämnar efter sig, kan man i hans konst lätt identifiera samhället i tid och rum. Även här kan man tolka in politiska dimensioner, om man nu skulle vilja det.

Sommaren 2012 curerade jag en skulp-turutställning i den park som omger Värmlands museum i Karlstad, en mellanstor stad i mellersta Sverige. Michael var en av fem konstnärer som bjöds in att delta. Budgeten för var och en av konstnärerna var inte särskilt stor, som den sällan är när kommuner ska göra en satsning på konst. Park-utställningar är dessutom kanske det

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svåraste område man kan ge sig in på som konstnär. Det är oftast väldigt många parametrar att förhålla sig till, inte minst en alltför liten budget. Ska verken finnas på plats under en längre tid, som situationen var i Karlstad, får man även förhålla sig till väder och vind. Säkerheten är ett annat problem. Om uppdragsgivaren är en kommun eller motsvarande finns även uttalade eller outtalade önskningar om verkens beskaffenhet och syfte.

Efter att konstnärerna besökt parken och fått förutsättningarna klara för sig, var Michael den förste som levererade ett förslag. I parken fanns ett bord med bänkar som var fästade i varandra, den typ av bord man ofta kan se i parker och på rastplatser. Michaels förslag utgick från en sådan bänk. Han gjorde en kopia av den i form av en byggsats, eller som den riktiga bänken kunde sett ut när den levererades och innan den satts ihop. Michaels bänk var dock knallgul. Bänkskulpturen placerades i närheten av den ursprungliga bänken.

Eftersom jag under utställ-ningsperioden arbetade på Värm-lands museum hade jag möjligheter att observera besökarna i parken. Det jag såg hända kring Michaels verk var att det ofta stod män, ensamma eller i mindre grupper, som tycktes fundera eller diskutera hur bänken

skulle sättas samman. Vilka delar som hörde till vad och i vilken ordning de skulle sammanfogas. Lika ofta sågs barn leka på skulpturen, som uppen-barligen fungerade lika bra både som klätterställning och som konstverk. Vid något tillfälle såg jag också några som faktiskt hade en picknick på den, trots att den «riktiga» bänken var ledig.

Skulpturen hade fått en multifunktion. Med en sådan utmaning skulle man kunna tänka att den efter utställnings-perioden såg medfaren ut. Så var dock inte alls fallet. Trots påfrestnin-garna såg Michaels verk ut i stort sett som när det placerades ut. Däremot hade några av de andra konstverken i parken vandaliserats under utställ-ningsperioden. Det kan höra till saken att de verken, till skillnad mot Michaels bänk, var skörare och därmed lättare att förstöra. Möjligen provocerade de också mer, i den bemärkelsen att de tydligare kunde kopplas till konst. Det finns människor som blir provocerade av sådant. Michaels bänk var inte lika lätt att definiera. På något sätt fanns det i Michaels verk en myndig auktori-tet. Den verkade spela med i en slags parkkultur, om det nu finns någon sådan. På ett märkligt sätt tycktes den tillhöra parken redan när den placera-des ut.

På ett sätt skulle man kunna placera Michael Johanssons konstnärskap inom populärkulturen, i den meningen att hans verk spelar med populärkul-turens utryck. Men också för att de i väsenlig grad använder sig av mass-kulturens artefakter. Flera av hans mindre skulpturer har också produce-rats i flera upplagor och i flera färger. Han tycks inte förhålla sig dogmatiskt till det unika. Han pratar istället om det unika sammanhanget. Hans verk är igenkännbara saker som presente-ras på ett nytt sätt. Utifrån ett sådant förhållningsätt får även upprepningar och mångfaldigandet en annan inne-börd.

Michael Johanssons verk är bärare av en förunderlig egenskap. De är oftast udda i sitt sammanhang. De sticker ut och tvingar besökaren att på något sätt reagera och förhålla sig till dem. Trots detta provocerar de aldrig utan strävar alltid efter att bli ett med sammanhanget. Det kan tyckas vara en paradox, vilket det också är. Det är det som är det förunderliga.

actual bench could have looked like when it was delivered and before it was put together. However, Michael’s bench was bright yellow. The bench sculpture was placed near the original bench.

As I worked at Värmland Museum during the exhibi-tion, I had the opportunity to observe visitors in the park. What I saw happening around Michael’s work was that visi-tors stood, either alone or in small groups, and seemed to think about and discuss how the bench should be put together: which parts belonged where and the direction in which they should be joined together. Just as often, chil-dren played on the sculpture, which obviously worked just as well as a climbing structure as a work of art. In some cases, I saw people actually having a picnic on it, even though the “real” bench was unoccupied.

The sculpture had taken on multiple purposes. With such use, one would expect it to look battered after the exhibi-tion was over. However, that was not at all the case. Despite the stresses and strains it had been put though, Michael’s work looked more or less like it did when it was put there. In contrast, some of the other art works in the park had been vandalised during the exhibition. It is possible that this was because, in contrast to Michael’s work, they were more fragile and easier to destroy. Possibly, they were also more provoking, in the sense that they were clearly linked to art. There are people who are provoked by such things. Michael’s bench was not as easy to define. In some ways, Michael’s work displayed a sense of authority. It seemed to play along with a sort of park culture, if such a thing exists. In a strange way it seemed to belong in the park from the moment it was put there.

There is a way in which Michael Johansson’s artistic prac-tice can be placed within popular culture, in the sense that

his work plays on the expressions of popular culture. But also in the sense that his work makes significant use of the artefacts of mass culture. Several of his smaller sculptures have also been produced in several editions and multiple colours. He does not appear to have a dogmatic relation-ship to the unique. Instead, he speaks of unique connec-tions. His works are recognisable things that a presented in new ways. Based on such an attitude, even repetition and multiplication take on a different meaning.

Michael Johansson’s works embody wonderful traits. They are usually odd in their contexts. They stick out and force the visitor to react in some way and to relate to them. Despite this, they never provoke, but rather strive to become one with the context. This may seem paradoxical, which it is. That is what is so wonderful.

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prosessen / the process

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utstillingen / the exhibition

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monument 2013

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four hundred shades of brown II 2010

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some assembly required – bunk bed 2013 some assembly required – hat rack 2013

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foldable ladder assembly kit 2013kitchen assembly 2008

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dawn 2013

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tetris – vigeland-museet 2013

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Info kunstner / info artist verksliste / list of works (mål: høyde x bredde x dybde / measures: hight x width x depth)

Tetris – Vigeland-museet, 2013

(4,5 x 3,2 m.)

Gjenstander fra Vigeland-museet

Objects from the Vigeland Museum.

Dawn, 2013

(3 kuber/cubes á 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 m.)

Radio, esker, kofferter, fjernsyn, vesker etc.

Radio, boxes, suitcases, television, bags etc.

Kitchen Assembly, 2008

(0,7 x 0,9 x 0,6 m.)

Kjøkkenbord, stoler, sveiset metallramme, spraymaling

Kitchen table, chairs, welded metal frame, spray paint.

Some Assembly Required – Bunk Bed, 2013

(1,6 x 2,1 x 1,2 m.)

Køyeseng, sveiset metallramme, spraymaling

Bunk bed, welded metal frame, spray paint.

Foldable Ladder Assembly Kit, 2013

(5,5 x 2,9 x 0,3 m.)

Gardintrapp, sveiset metallramme, spraymaling

Foldable ladder, welded metal frame, spray paint.

Four Hundred Shades of Brown II, 2010

(2,8 x 2,5 x 2,5 m.)

Tremøbler

Wooden furniture.

Some Assembly Required – Hat Rack, 2013

(0,6 x 0,3 x 0,3 m.)

Hattehylle, sveiset metallramme, spraymaling

Hat rack, welded metal frame, spray paint.

Monument, 2013

(4,4 x 2,3 m.)

Kommode, bøker, skap, esker, speil etc.

Dresser, books, cabinet, boxes, mirror etc.

Michael Johansson har deltatt i en rekke utstillinger, nasjo-nalt og internasjonalt. Han har bl.a. hatt separatutstillinger i Ystads konstmuseum (Sverige), Akershus kunstsenter, Växjö Kunsthall (Sverige) og Massimo Carasi – The Flat (Milano, Italia), samt deltatt på gruppeutstillinger ved Bergen Kunstmuseum, Museet for samtidskunst i Moskva (Russland), Nikolaj Kunsthall (København, Danmark), Koga-necho Bazaar (Yokohoma, Japan) og skulptur triennalen Beaufort04 (Zeebrugge, Belgia). Han har utført en rekke offentlige utsmykningsarbeider fra Sydney State Thea-tre i Australia til Svartlamoen i Trondheim. Johansson er innkjøpt av bl.a. Kulturrådet, Statens Konstråd og Malmö konstmuseum.

Født 1975, Trollhättan, Sverige. / Born 1975, Trollhättan, SwedenBor og arbeider i Malmö og Berlin / Lives and work in Malmö and [email protected]

Utdannelse / Education2003-2005 Konsthögskolan i Malmö / Konsthögskolan i Malmö Art Academy (M.F.A.)2000-2003 Kunstakademiet i Trondheim / Trondheim Academy of Fine Arts (B.F.A.)2003 Kungliga Konsthögskolan, Stockholm / Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm2002 Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weissensee, Berlin / Academy of Art, Berlin

Michael Johansson has participated in numerous exhibi-tions, nationally and internationally. He has held solo exhibi-tions at Ystad Art Museum (Sweden), Akershus Art Center (Norway), Växjö Konsthall (Sweden) and Massimo Carasi - The Flat (Milan, Italy), as well as participated in group exhi-bitions in Bergen Art Museum (Norway), Moscow Museum of Modern Art (Russia), Nikolaj Kunsthal (Copenhagen, Denmark), Koganecho Bazaar (Yokohoma, Japan) and the sculpture triennial Beaufort04 (Zeebrugge, Belgium). His public commissions are also numerous, and to be found from Sydney State Theatre in Australia to Svartlamoen in Trondheim, Norway. His works have been purchased by the Arts Council in Norway, The National Public Art Council in Sweden and Malmö Art Museum, among others.

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video stills https://vimeo.com/60959299

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