!

!

Abstract: "#$%!&'&()!'*'+,-(%!.#(!/(.()0$*'*.%!12!3#$+/!#('+.#!'01*4!+'/$*1!$*!)5)'+!65'.(0'+'7!"#(! 2135%! 12! .#(! %.5/,! $%! .1! (8'0$*(! 3#$+/9'4(9%&(3$2 $3! $0&'3.! 12! #15%(#1+/!3#')'3.()$%.$3%! 1*! 3#$+/! #('+.#7! "#(! (%.$0'.(%! 12! 3#$+/! #('+.#! /(0'*/! 25*3.$1*! 5%$*4!3#$+/9'4(9/$%'44)(4'.(/! %'0&+(! $*/$3'.(! #54(! :')$'.$1*%! $*! .#(! /(.()0$*'*.%! 12! .#(!/$22()(*.!3#$+/!'4(!4)15&%7!"#$%!$0&+$(%!.#(!21++1;$*4!)(+'.$1*%#$&%!<(.;((*!3#$+/!#('+.#!'*/! #15%(#1+/! 3#')'3.()$%.$3%7! =$)%.>! #15%(#1+/! (31*10$3! 31*/$.$1*! $%! &1%$.$:(+,!31))(+'.(/!;$.#!.#(!#('+.#!%.'.5%!12!3#$+/)(*7!?*2+5(*3(!12!#15%(#1+/!(31*10$3!%.'.5%!1*!3#$+/!#('+.#!$%!%.)1*4()!21)!1+/()!3#$+/)(*7!=5).#()>!.#(!#('+.#!12!3#$+/)(*!$*!#15%(#1+/%!;$.#! +(%%9(/53'.(/! 01.#()%! <(*(2 $.%! 01)(! 2)10! '*! $0&)1:(0(*.! $*! .#(! #15%(#1+/!(31*10$3!31*/$.$1*7!@(31*/>!1*+,!%3#11+!(/53'.$1*>!<5.!*1.!(/53'.$1*!$*!'/5+.!+$.()'3,!3+'%%(%>! (*#'*3(%!0'.()*'+! '<$+$.,! .1! $0&)1:(! 3#$+/! #('+.#7!"#$)/>!0'.()*'+! (/53'.$1*!31*.)$<5.(%!.1!.#(!$0&)1:(0(*.%!$*!.#(!#('+.#!12!3#$+/)(*!'4(/!ABCBD!01*.#%>!'*/!*1.!1.#()%7!1. はじめに

!"#$%&'($)*+,-./0$1234567$89:;<3=E15*4!AFFA>?@ABCDEFGFEHIJK$!"#$%&LM+,!"#$%&LMNOPQRSTUCVCJK,CWEFJKXYZ39([\$$,JK];^_T`a:_N<b,K]cdN([9+efT[?29f`,CghBiB;+!G!jkl$mnop#=qGrs>$tu+!B!v;<3$Xwx,yBVz@{$!G!jkl$mnop#=qGrs>$tu+AGvX$|3=HI?JK=!AFFL>?!@ABCDEFGFEHI}0$~�+,0]X\,����G���X��

〈研究論文〉

グアテマラにおけるラディノ乳幼児の 健康格差の計量経済学的分析

立命館アジア太平洋大学・国際経営学部! !"#$!

!

!"#$%&"'()*+%&,-.*/01,2345"678$9:/01,23;<,=>?@*2345,ABCD$8E*FG>H,IJ!"#$%&,-.KL>M$"=?N9OP"QR*S,TU>%&VWXVJ>E,YZ[)\]2C^_9`abcd,ef!g#$Yg$h>$i"#$%&'(! '()!*+,-. /'0!1223j:!klmnopqbqprstu,v.*/01,23;<"wEx$ug*ynlzk.Q9:ynlzkC{|9!4!}~�,����1ivb��j,�Pg35�CE,�R*�n�n��i36�j*n�pq��i��k��,n�pq�78�*v�Y�n�pq�14�jC{|9����1ivb��j,�PX��9i9:;<=>!1228j:!ynlzkg*����b���>IJ!"#$%&"'(_9���>u.Q9:�C*FG-i ¡FGYk¢£¤!j,IJ!g#¥*FG¦Y,/01,23;<CEM$"=?N9:k¢£¤,/01,23;<g* ¡FG,/01TRg§¨.Q9E,,*©ª.Q9:?558«,¬­CTN®*ynlzk,k¢£¤,����1ivb��j,�Pg73�.Q¯\i@A*!B-'C#&'D'!?555j:k¢£¤,/01,23°±,=X=8E*²,klmnopqbqprstu,°±Y³´_9Yx¥*klmnopqbqprs��C{|9����1ivb��j,�Pi?6�jXµ¶¥��9i9:;<=>!1228j:!ynlzkX·¸Y)*/01,2345,ABX`a)\¹ºg*»¼½>HCT9E,"Q9""*1¾,¿ÀCTRk¢£¤/01X·¸Y)\23C^_9ÁdCÂÃ>ÄÅXÆh9E,YgÇ$È$:!É!?!g* ¡FGYk¢£¤,ÊËXÌͱÎXÏ$8`a)8$9:ynlzk.g*ÐÎ�CFGgÑÒ,ÓÔÕÖiÑÒ×[jCTR[ØbÙ`ÚN8$9:)\"¯8*FGg6Û�>�ÜÝÇÞ*Q9$g���>5ICTRÙ`ÚN\E,.g>$"*µßàCÇh®* ¡FGYk¢£¤Cg*��b�����CKL>M$"Q9iB,(E'D#E!?557F:á,\â* ¡FGYk¢£¤.g*/01,2345,AB"µ¶¥I>9ãä!"QR*åæ,VJ!XZ[)\`a,ef!gÂ?à.g>$:!É!1!g*/01,«ç,M$CT9èé,M$"`aÚN8$>$:êëì;<"í[î-ïð)\ñC679��òóiG%,HC$!.'DC#%/(Gjg*/01,«çCTR�Ü�>�ôX\H9:á,\â*/01,2345,ABg*/01,«çCTRI>9ãä!"QR*á,¾XÂ?àC_9SY"*��òóC^_9¹ºbcdõö,÷YD.Q9i*$%/&IC,(!#C!'DJ!122?j:!

!

SNXøßhÎùg*/01,«çCT92345,AB,úM,`aX*`a,ûü,÷YDY)*ynlzk,k¢£¤,/01,2345,ABX`a_9:ynlzkg����45"µ¶¥*k¢£¤g+ýþÿC`!_9i*C##D#!?553j:S,TU>����45"*2345,ABY)8°"ÚN9SYà?*����45XÄ_#­,Ô!i#­,��$%*å&,'�$%jXû\9`a·¸Y)\:ß\*�����C()CQ9#­,/01,2345,AB,`aX*�Y)*/01,«çCT9M$C+h*&,'��,,-.CT9/01,2345,AB,M$E`a)\:!�/Îùg*0,TUC!"ÚN9:É!1!#.g*¢$%,&AX'19:É!7!#.g*(­)¢2Y`aCÏ$\*+,,ÂX-U:É!3!#.g*(­./X01_9:!!2. データの概要

`aCÏ$\¢$%g*K$#!?554!B-'C#&'D'(!*-%L#M!,.!>'&/DM!A#'DC$!N=B*>#F$.Q9:=B*>,23·¸g*ynlzk456,?2278à??82278à?>9%9C:¡_9?8}à?74}ß.,;!.QR*?554«!4!<à??2<Cà|23ÚN\:23·¸��g*==>q?m@iK,C,(/O'IP(j*3z2lAmB@i<$/&'DC#('(G,j*43lCD4@i*-O$/C#I#Q-REj*�k?@iS'D'I'j,!3!@.Q9:S,!3!@g* ¡FGYk¢£¤,:¡;E.F®N\:23·¸g*cG¬­CT9FG,»¼³>HXøßh* ¡FG"ûC:¡_9@Y)8==>q?m@* ¡FGYk¢£¤"'(_9@Y)83z2lAmB@Y43lCD4@*ß\k¢£¤"ûY)8:¡_9@Y)8�k?@"*23ÚN\:�k?@CE ¡FG":¡_9%9"Q9"*±ÎHI,JK.*23·¸à?LàN8$9:!23·¸g*+@.ÿ�MJKHINCTRHIÚN\:+@.{,{,?4%9XHI)\�.*%9¦YC?8}à?74}ß.,;!XHI)*71T2»C·)823ÚN\:;!C·_923.g*IO*PQ,23bRS>H,23C^_9T0XvUC*#­b¡:,ÐÎT0,Và*.WXY>H,T0EZ%ÚN8$9:ß\*23·¸,;!Y*f[;!"?552«!?!<�\CIO)\/01CD$8g*]^Y5�E­_ÚN\:23,`a>6bg*U#VD#M!'()!B,D)&'(i?555jC'1?N8$9:!ιºg*k¢£¤"ûY)8:¡_9@Y)823ÚN\�k?@,k¢£

!

�!"#LBM����w�9x2?�@!"$7�X\#$$����N���Q[3N,���$���a+%&x2?!' �@!"+,()=�CA�@>$�*X+,�3";<b,�CA�@$U�-X�.�3?AFFN $/0=K1JOP?!AFFN>X¡�`,�¢+ADQABA�;<b,NL7BvN23-X4��3?�@!"+@£¤�$�¢YN¥["X\¦5a§,67¨$tuNOPQ¥�,"�¢$NR7Av�8P,�2"]$@£¤�$679\NF7DvX$|3?�CA�@$67¨$tu+,0cd;+GR7Fv,@£¤�+MN7Av,����+DB7Lv;<b,�@!"$679+,�CA�@cAA"$©:,!L!;6X¥[?!!3. モデルと変数

<=��Xª[2>£g+,@.)'5%%!'*/!"#10'%=RQQG>T«$%&¬?X¦�3­®$¯@�>£gXAB�3\$;<3?£CD$EFX¡b,%&¬?¦G$H®+,°IJ±KLC{$M²�³N;_T[´9N~[2P=@3#5+.-!RQLB>,OPµ$%&Q¶¦G�H®x,��·�3´9N¸R�;<3?OPµ$%&Q¶¦G+,!"#$%&LMH �ST¹UG9x,!"#$º»iz ,­®$º»

hz ,¼V$º»

c

z �T¹UG9xQ,½¾$¡©XW5·�3?!),,(

chizzzfH = !

­®$��¿ÀX¦�3T¹UGX+,ST¹UG9°IXJ±xT[=&¬$>UG=XY,Z[\./T«>�ª[3]¶N<3N,Á$^_\¸R�Xª[a�3?Â!R!+,`�aµ$bª¦G�ñ�3´9X¡b,=cdUG�ª[2>efgh,./�ª[QH®�3!?Â!A!+,­®$i?¿À�Z[\./$jÄUG9xQª[3"?�Å;+,Z[\./$jÄUG9xQ,i?ÆG=;('+.#!$*/(8>�dkx,��Xª[2?!H®Xª[2UG$lmÇ®n+,W!R!XÈfa�Q[3?!!ST¹UG' =!"#$%&Æ7>!' !"#$%&LM+,op,drT«$d�q±XÉr�Æ7�ª[Qst·�3´9N¸R�;<3?uv$d�q±X@x2Æ79xQ+, Êwop=#($4#.921)9'4(>, Êwdr=;($4#.921)9'4(>,opwdr=;($4#.921)!#($4#.>N<3=qxGy�! AFFG>?���;+, Êwop9 Êwdr�!"#$%!

!!

表１ 記述統計量

!"#

!$%

&'()

!*+

',-./

'01

2203

2345

22243474

5 2248

4567

!"

#$

! 89

":;<

289

":;<

89

":;<

89

":;<

2

89

":;<

89

":;<

$%&'=

>?""@

ABCD

#

2()EFG

-2.234

1.319

-2.138

1.26

-2.252

1.401

-2.353

1.29

-2.694

1.302

-1.932

1.242

2()EHI

-1.405

1.101

-1.223

1.226

-1.549

1.044

-1.49

0.931

-1.705

1.089

-1.209

1.065

JK?D

0

1.598

-0.053

1.566

0.015

1.612

0.059

1.631

-0.73

1.105

0.479

1.688

LM'NO

P'D

2.99

0.592

2.928

0.62

3.008

0.577

3.061

0.56

3.093

0.577

2.923

0.592

+'QR

2+'./

22*+'.

/

22S,0

1T01UV

=1W

0.674

0.469

0.678

0.468

0.664

0.473

0.68

0.467

22OXY

Z[\./

'01T0

1UV=

1W

0.177

0.382

0.159

0.366

22S,(DT,

-./W

2.112

2.28

2.114

2.27

2.097

2.285

2.126

2.297

3.497

1.939

22]+'.

/

22S,0

1T01UV

=1W

0.649

0.478

0.66

0.475

0.63

0.484

0.658

0.476

0.506

0.501

0.743

0.438

22S,(DT,

-./W

2.206

2.178

2.301

2.235

2.156

2.208

2.131

2.053

1.344

1.84

2.772

2.199

22S,01"^

_`ab=1#

0.049

0.215

0.045

0.208

0.055

0.229

0.045

0.208

0.09

0.286

0.022

0.146

22S,(D"^

_`ab=1#

0.03

0.17

0.024

0.154

0.035

0.183

0.032

0.175

0.069

0.254

0.004

0.063

2*+'()

26.72

4.643

25.783

4.877

26.979

4.518

27.784

4.167

27.21

4.922

26.399

4.426

2*+'FG

0.352

1.031

0.337

1.042

0.329

1.034

0.402

1.014

-0.014

0.927

0.591

1.026

cde'Q

R

2f+gcd

ehih"c

de=

1#

0.849

0.358

0.828

0.378

0.851

0.356

0.878

0.328

0.868

0.339

0.837

0.37

2cde'R

E"j=

1#

0.904

0.295

0.925

0.264

0.893

0.31

0.887

0.317

0.961

0.194

0.866

0.341

$%&'Q

R

2klmn

3.463

1.968

3.633

2.115

3.474

1.947

3.194

1.732

3.994

2.075

3.114

1.814

2RETj=

1W

0.515

0.5

0.491

0.501

0.512

0.501

0.554

0.498

0.518

0.5

0.513

0.5

2()

2233545

0.056

0.23

0.142

0.349

0.051

0.22

0.059

0.236

2263845

0.043

0.202

0.108

0.311

0.039

0.194

0.045

0.208

22931145

0.058

0.234

0.148

0.355

0.057

0.232

0.059

0.236

22123174

5 0.098

0.298

0.25

0.434

0.096

0.295

0.1

0.301

22183234

5 0.102

0.303

0.259

0.439

0.099

0.299

0.104

0.306

22243294

5 0.09

0.287

0.263

0.441

0.105

0.307

0.081

0.272

22303354

5 0.095

0.293

0.277

0.448

0.087

0.282

0.1

0.301

22363414

5 0.087

0.281

0.253

0.435

0.075

0.264

0.094

0.293

22423474

5 0.071

0.257

0.208

0.406

0.084

0.278

0.063

0.243

22483534

5 0.089

0.285

0.338

0.474

0.096

0.295

0.084

0.278

22543594

5 0.076

0.265

0.288

0.454

0.069

0.254

0.081

0.272

2260456

7 0.097

0.297

0.369

0.484

0.099

0.299

0.096

0.295

"#D

843

! !

332

! 289

! 222

! !

334

! 509

!

!

!"#$%&'()*+,!-./0123456789"#$%#&%':;"#$%&*+<=>"#?@>9()*#)*+,,!+#!-,.!/012:-./0AB34CAB9$%3+*!4+&'5#:;DEFG>"#?@H456784IJK94-"#&%':;LM;NOFPQ"#$%&*+<=>-./012$./0AB34$P)RST2U;V!WX;DEFYZ"#?@>[4./0AB34./012)R\&4]^)_`,ab;cdFeHf`ghi>96,3+*7-%!8999:-./012jek./0AB34lmno9*+:+*+%;+!<)<$,-#&)%:;pqr$;RS?stu=>9vwxyz! 899=:-z{|?*+,"#34>?@A"lmno#Fpqr$%,}~��)eH��u=&+>-���pq?34B~��[4CD��;��3BE4C8�<CD?@>��3vE$��u=>9E?F!E)*G&%'!H*)$<!/00=:-!!���;��!� ���;��)�%&*+,��34/:./48:����4D:�0$%?@>-��T�C����)_�Z>56 ¡34¢£)��<¤¥¦%,§¨F,©>9A5*&7<#)%!+#!-,.!899/:-C���;./01234�ª8I�«¬­?;®4¯°%&±²Z>-³;ª´µT)¶·)¸¹%4³;ªº»�)±²Z>-¼M4./0AB34�ª!D½«¬­?3±²%�+-³;ª4D!�«¬�<!0!�«¬­?¶·)±²%4/8½«¬�<34¾¿)º»�)¸¹Z>ÀÁ[@>-Â=FíÄ4./FÅ'%4ÆÇÈ��F*+,-9É«�<//½«­?34DÉ«Ê$)./FÅ'%,ÆÇÈ��4/8Ë«�Ì3!2É«Ê$)./FÅ'%,ÆÇÈ��F*+,-!!ÍÎ;��!A-5%!-%3!6,3+**7-%9/00J:34���;./)eH4ÍÎ;��9ÏÐ;Ñ6xÍÎ;§ÒÓq:[4���;V!��)ÔÄ>cd;ÕÖ)Q+&4×;!8!Q;ÀÁ[@>Â$F"Ø%&+>-Ù!/!34ÚÐ;Ñ6�©4ÚÐ;6�)�ÛZ>��34ÕÜT)./[C+���;V!��$Ý+Õ�FÞQ-6�)j+&ÚÐ[ß,Zàá34./[C+���;M[f`+�<?@>9K-**+*-!/011:-!Ù!8!34./[â+���;M[4���;V!��$ÍÎ;§ÒÓq$[4Ý+Õ�FÞQ-Â;ÀÁ[ã<=>äå;æ$Q34��;�ç)e>-�H)4���;V!;��[4~èéê;NOFÝgÞQ��?@H4ÍÎ;§ÒÓq;��[4ëìÈ;NOFÝgÞí&+>$Z=î4ëìÈ;��?~èéê;��FïðZ>Â$)�H4./)e>ñÔ;DE)Ö+[�g&P4òóT�

!

!"#$%&'()*+,-./0)&1+23)456789#:7;<=<&>?/@A/BC)&'DE#F<GHIJ&,-./'()*J:7#K6LMN79N6O&,-./PQRS9>?/TURS9/23)&'(/*+,-.#2FV#1J4567WX#Y&'()*+,-./0)&>?/TURS/BCZHIJ[\G+79]^70)_`ab7;!>?/@A#Y&"cde/@A&#cfgh/@A!!&$cijkl&%c>?/mno/l!"Zp+q;de/@A#3<Gp+qrlY&"cde/st&#cue/vw&$cue/'(!#ab7;de/st#3N7rlY&st#$7! ! ! ! ! ! !"c>?/PQxj/yzRS/{|&#c}~��/{|&Z�<q,-./PQ��!"/��Z�K�&'())(!"***c;!,-./'(�#�\q��/�?aY&de/st#3N7rl9<G&! ! !"cde/stT�/��&#c��'l!$Zp+q;ue#3N7stT�Y&! ! ! ! !"c��st&#cn�{\��st/�0Z��;�e/stT�Y&��st/T�/4)��67;!ue/��st/T��#�\q��/�?aY&��st/T�Z�q:+ue/,-./��Zp+q�?#Y&n�{\��st/T�/��Z&ue/st#3N7rl9<Gp+q;��stT�/:+ue#FN7n�{\/��st)&,-./PQ��#�^7BCZ��N789)&8/rlZ�?#p+q��ab7;��st/T�Z�q:+ue/� &"+,+¡Y&n�{\/��stZ[\qT�Z�K!%;!ue/vwY&¢£V:��¤¥#&!"¦6:+>?/TU§#:¨/��Z�Krlab7�-./0122!"**3c;ue/vwY&4&-5/$���%!%cZp+G?&<q©ª«¬#$%­®¦6G+7;�¯°aY&'()%/��/4Zp+G+789=5&*+Y39Y:5:+;�¯°ap+q��/ue/vw�©ª«¬c/*+Y3,$6#ab%&(,-./ue/vw)&/012/ue$%*+89)34¦67;!>?/±}~��/5�rl9<G&ijklZp+G��Z6²q;57'8(/!09:!;/7.<=(..�#33"c#7+&hn����>/79<7>0'!<?8>?9(9.!090'@272cZp+G&ijklZ8n<q!&;ue/��st/T��/9?Z479&��st/T�Z�Kue/>?/ijklY3,%+*&T�Z�q:+ue/>?/ijklA3,+$ab%&��stT�Z�Kue/>?/TURS)*+89)�=7;!!

!

4. 推計結果

³ �?:"Y&­!#!=5­!%!#�^56G+7;�?:"Y&;</=>!"Z?><q=>!"@,A/�?´ab7!';­!#µ­!$!Y&,-./'(�#�\q��Zp+q�?:"ab7;­!#!Y&B¶·rl#'(�vw&­!$!YB¶·rl#'(�¸¹Zp+q�?ab7;­!%!Y&ue/��st/T�/��#$%�\q��Zp+q�?:"ab7;!³ ­!#µ­!$!/$��Zp+q�?��?C�"c9�#cc#$%&,-./'(Tº#$7PQ§»/�DZ479&-=/78>.?9!(.!0',�#33"c#$%¼¦6q½tE¾/�D9FG/¿{)34¦67;'(�vwY&xÀ#%=ÁÂ�aÃÄ<GÅÆ<&ÇÈV#ÉÊ<qÀ&ËÌ=#ÅÆN7;'(�¸¹Y&xÀ!*!=ÁÂ�aÍÎ#ÅÆ<qÀ&"#=ÁÂ�aËÌ=#ÅÆ<&Ï/ÀHO+9:7;!³ ­!#µ­!$!/,-./'(�/��/�?��?C�$c=5�Bcc=5&,-./'(/Tº#I�&e/st/BC/�DZ479&#%=Á=5%+=Á/,-.#J%&PQ§»)ue/��'l923Z�K89)34¦67;�q&ue/'(Ð&#%=Á=5%+=Á/,-./4923Z�K89=5&#%=Á=5%+=Á/,-.Y&ue/BCZHIJ[\G+789)¼K¦67;!³ ­!%!#$%&ue/��st/T��#&,-./'(Tº#$7PQ§»/�DZ479&'(�vwZB¶·rl9<q�?��?C�"c=5�%cc#Ñ+G&ue/��st/T�/��#$%&#%=Á=5%B=ÁÂ�a/,-./PQ§»/Tº#Ò+)4567;��st/T�Z�Kue/,-./PQ§»Y&-=/78>.?9!(.!0',�#33"c#$%¼¦6q�D9FG#&xÀ#%=Á�aÅÆ<qÀ&ÇÈV#ÍÎ#ÉÊN7;Ó0&��T�Z�q:+ueZ�K,-./PQ§»Y&#%=ÁÂ=5/PQ§»/ÉÊY456:+;!³ -=/78>.?9!(.!0',�#33"cY&,-./PQ§»)ÃÄ<GÅÆN7xÀ#%=ÁÂ�a)&½tE¾#FN7�LÈÔ9<G�!9kÕ<G+7;@MNOÖ×�-0=9!09:!C':(/809!"**+cÌØ-PQN�D0//(/0!"*B*caY&xÀ#%=ÁÂ�a/,-./PQ#FN7&ue/st/BC)HI+;<=<&R¬ST(/(,-.#K+GY&ue/st),-./PQ��#Ù�N7/Y&#%=Á¤Ú/ÇÈV#,-./PQ§»)��N7ÈÔab%&xÀ#%=ÁÂ�a/,-./PQ��#Y&ue/stYÙ�<G+:+;!ue/st9,-./PQ9/3U#K+G&­!%!=5Y&¤M/VÐ34¦67;,-./PQk�9<G&'(�vw&'(�¸¹/+Û6Zp+qWX#!

!

!"#$%&'(()*+,-)

!"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$./'- 0.139** (0.035) 0.166** (0.032) 0.128** (0.057) 0.123** (0.052) 0.142** (0.063) 0.198** (0.058) 0.199** (0.068) 0.233** (0.06)

01$234$- 0.096 (0.109) 0.102 (0.109) 0.222 (0.175) 0.192 (0.179) 0.17 (0.182) 0.203 (0.186) -0.136 (0.215) -0.139 (0.214)

5$6785$9:88;5$<=>?@>?ABCDE 0.09 (0.11) 0.153 (0.173) 0.161 (0.188) -0.122 (0.214)

88;5$<=F-@=G9:E 0.032 (0.024) -0.007 (0.037) 0.077* (0.044) 0.046 (0.043)

88H5$<=>?@>?ABCDE -0.136 (0.12) -0.266 (0.191) -0.049 (0.085) -0.139 (0.247)

88H5$<=F-@=G9:E 0.032 (0.025) 0.04 (0.04) -0.026 (0.207) 0.042 (0.05)

88H5$<=>?(IJKLM=1) 0.179 (0.312) 0.415 (0.327) 0.014 (0.044) 0.851 (0.799)

88H5$<=F-(IJKLM=1) -0.247 (0.377) 0.153 (0.497) -0.323 (0.664) -0.749 (0.798)

8;5$FN 0.036** (0.012) 0.041** (0.012) 0.009 (0.02) 0.014 (0.019) 0.063** (0.023) 0.072** (0.022) 0.04* (0.023) 0.043* (0.023)

8;5$OP 0.349** (0.044) 0.355** (0.043) 0.28** (0.066) 0.262** (0.064) 0.339** (0.078) 0.382** (0.08) 0.462** (0.092) 0.452** (0.086)

QRS$678T5UQRSVWV(QRS=1) -0.1 (0.156) -0.098 (0.153) 0.267 (0.258) 0.18 (0.247) -0.129 (0.277) -0.061 (0.276) -0.531** (0.269) -0.638** (0.265)

8QRS$7X(Y=1) 0.181 (0.134) 0.163 (0.133) 0.072 (0.205) 0.067 (0.209) 0.132 (0.243) 0.112 (0.242) 0.24 (0.214) 0.264 (0.217)

!"#$678Z[\] -0.12** (0.041) -0.139** (0.04) -0.089 (0.068) -0.09 (0.068) -0.218** (0.07) -0.259** (0.067) -0.057 (0.07) -0.07 (0.068)

87X@YCDE -0.035 (0.074) -0.045 (0.074) -0.159 (0.114) -0.17 (0.111) 0.169 (0.127) 0.164 (0.128) -0.165 (0.151) -0.174 (0.15)

8FN!!3"5#$ -0.353* (0.204) -0.344* (0.206) -0.321 (0.216) -0.314 (0.215)

!!6"8#$ -0.571** (0.246) -0.538** (0.246) -0.516** (0.244) -0.523** (0.246)

!!9"11#$ -1.079** (0.211) -1.068** (0.212) -1.079** (0.214) -1.066** (0.214)

!!12"17#$ -1.468** (0.194) -1.465** (0.195) -1.41** (0.203) -1.388** (0.203)

!!18"23#$ -1.609** (0.183) -1.612** (0.185) -1.61** (0.189) -1.59** (0.19)

!!24"29#$ -1.164** (0.202) -1.171** (0.203)

!!30"35#$ -1.384** (0.19) -1.383** (0.193) -0.31* (0.178) -0.286 (0.18)

!!36"41#$ -1.202** (0.187) -1.201** (0.189) -0.102 (0.188) -0.097 (0.186)

!!42"47#$ -1.214** (0.209) -1.261** (0.212) -0.09 (0.2) -0.168 (0.203)

!!48"53#$ -1.447** (0.186) -1.469** (0.187)

!!54"59#$ -1.424** (0.206) -1.43** (0.208) 0.035 (0.189) 0.019 (0.181)

!!60#$%& -1.438** (0.202) -1.477** (0.2) 0.094 (0.195) 0.082 (0.191)

^-_ -2.258** (0.495) -2.191** (0.614) -2.237** (0.72) -2.11** (0.689) -4.033** (0.835) -4.037** (0.792) -2.677** (1.021) -2.626** (0.91)

`^a- 0.419 0.414 0.44 0.43 0.51 0.487 0.467 0.459

bc^d1e 14.483 16.76 7.089 8.508 8.634 9.97 5.568 6.97

fgh@bc^d1eE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(i- 843 843 332 332 289 289 222 222

(%) ** 5%&"'()*+ *10,&"'-)*

(5)(1) (2) (3) (4) (6) (7) (8)

8FNXOP(NHCS(jh)

!"#$FNk(i 880l23mn 8824l47mn 8848mnop

表2 推計結果 乳幼児の年齢別の推計（被説明変数：年齢別身長）

!

!"#$%&'(()*+,-)

!"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$./'- 0.074** (0.031) 0.101** (0.029) 0.097 (0.062) 0.1* (0.057) 0.059 (0.051) 0.103** (0.047) 0.109** (0.055) 0.132** (0.049)

01$234$- 0.121 (0.105) 0.129 (0.102) 0.368* (0.191) 0.341* (0.193) 0.196 (0.143) 0.219 (0.142) -0.259 (0.168) -0.232 (0.165)

5$6785$9:88;5$<=>?@>?ABCDE -0.062 (0.092) -0.05 (0.161) -0.071 (0.147) -0.142 (0.173)

88;5$<=F-@=G9:E 0.046** (0.021) 0.011 (0.038) 0.077** (0.034) 0.059 (0.036)

88H5$<=>?@>?ABCDE -0.002 (0.106) -0.08 (0.183) 0.08 (0.187) -0.038 (0.183)

88H5$<=F-@=G9:E 0.008 (0.024) 0.023 (0.04) -0.001 (0.042) -0.013 (0.044)

88H5$<=>?(IJKLM=1) 0.157 (0.382) 0.797 (0.722) -0.159 (0.364) -0.082 (0.455)

88H5$<=F-(IJKLM=1) -0.34 (0.421) -0.71 (0.782) -0.397 (0.521) 0.18 (0.46)

8;5$FN 0.024** (0.011) 0.029** (0.011) 0.012 (0.018) 0.016 (0.018) 0.041** (0.019) 0.048** (0.018) 0.028 (0.018) 0.031* (0.018)

8;5$OP 0.246** (0.038) 0.25** (0.039) 0.183** (0.064) 0.169** (0.067) 0.21** (0.062) 0.239** (0.063) 0.393** (0.075) 0.377** (0.07)

QRS$678T5UQRSVWV(QRS=1) 0.071 (0.158) 0.066 (0.14) 0.684** (0.289) 0.556** (0.253) 0.063 (0.222) 0.093 (0.212) -0.617** (0.253) -0.613** (0.242)

8QRS$7X(Y=1) 0.129 (0.123) 0.115 (0.121) -0.167 (0.247) -0.172 (0.257) 0.138 (0.171) 0.126 (0.167) 0.384** (0.188) 0.366** (0.182)

!"#$678Z[\] -0.11** (0.037) -0.129** (0.037) -0.168** (0.067) -0.171** (0.068) -0.165** (0.057) -0.189** (0.058) 0.003 (0.055) -0.013 (0.053)

87X@YCDE -0.063 (0.062) -0.069 (0.063) -0.207* (0.112) -0.199* (0.111) 0.085 (0.101) 0.072 (0.101) -0.155 (0.117) -0.148 (0.116)

8FN883^5_` 0.105 (0.22) 0.097 (0.219) 0.141 (0.236) 0.103 (0.231)

886^8_` -0.503** (0.248) -0.478** (0.247) -0.53** (0.242) -0.54** (0.243)

889^11_` -1.202** (0.197) -1.214** (0.195) -1.222** (0.203) -1.257** (0.198)

8812^17_` -1.486** (0.188) -1.501** (0.187) -1.47** (0.197) -1.494** (0.192)

8818^23_` -1.529** (0.168) -1.551** (0.168) -1.534** (0.173) -1.55** (0.172)

8824^29_` -1.435** (0.176) -1.453** (0.176)

8830^35_` -1.513** (0.176) -1.522** (0.178) -0.143 (0.144) -0.128 (0.146)

8836^41_` -1.236** (0.167) -1.254** (0.168) 0.162 (0.145) 0.159 (0.147)

8842^47_` -1.243** (0.186) -1.292** (0.187) 0.172 (0.155) 0.12 (0.158)

8848^53_` -1.43** (0.171) -1.445** (0.171)

8854^59_` -1.348** (0.192) -1.373** (0.194) 0.112 (0.152) 0.099 (0.151)

8860_`ab -1.372** (0.176) -1.412** (0.175) 0.164 (0.14) 0.149 (0.138)

c-d -0.927** (0.426) -0.938** (0.392) -1.12 (0.698) -0.101 (0.652) -2.856** (0.608) -2.99** (0.608) -1.428* (0.766) -1.571** (0.682)

ecf- 0.38 0.374 0.419 0.412 0.448 0.424 0.399 0.388

Fgch1i 12.29 14.22 6.522 7.878 6.721 7.756 4.222 5.197

jkl(Fgch1i) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(m- 843 843 332 332 289 289 222 222

(%) ** 5%&"'()*+ *10,&"'-)*

(6)(2) (3) (4) (5)

!"#$FN8FNXOP(NHCS(nl)

(7) (8)

o(m 880^23_` 8824^47_` 8848_`ab(1)

表3 推計結果 乳幼児の年齢別の推計（被説明変数：年齢別体重） !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!

!"#$%&'(()*+,-)

!"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$ !"#$./'- 0.251** (0.085) 0.258** (0.084) 0.119** (0.04) 0.143** (0.037) 0.185** (0.068) 0.19** (0.068) 0.042 (0.036) 0.062* (0.034)

01$234$- 0.24 (0.207) 0.232 (0.2) 0.049 (0.138) 0.033 (0.138) 0.096 (0.14) 0.101 (0.134) 0.175 (0.145) 0.148 (0.146)

5$6785$9:88;5$<=9:$>?@>?ABCDE 0.141 (0.171) -0.079 (0.143)

88;5$F=G-@=H9:E 0.053** (0.028) 0.056** (0.024)

88I5$F=>?@>?ABCDE -0.202 (0.199) -0.065 (0.165) -0.069 (0.175) 0.031 (0.146)

88I5$F=G-@=H9:E 0.049 (0.055) 0.026 (0.029) 0.032 (0.047) 0.002 (0.029)

88I5$F=>?(JKLMN=1) -0.185 (0.405) 0.671* (0.392) -0.242 (0.335) 0.619 (0.561)

88I5$F=G-(JKLMN=1) 0.119 (0.453) -0.133 (0.44) -0.056 (0.38) 0.559 (0.739)

8;5$GO 0.041** (0.02) 0.046** (0.019) 0.026 (0.017) 0.035** (0.017) 0.015 (0.018) 0.017 (0.017) 0.033** (0.015) 0.041** (0.015)

8;5$PQ 0.369** (0.085) 0.369** (0.08) 0.343** (0.055) 0.34** (0.055) 0.346** (0.064) 0.353** (0.06) 0.195** (0.049) 0.186** (0.051)

RST$678U5VRSTWXW(RST=1) 0.237 (0.302) 0.229 (0.288) -0.18 (0.192) -0.263 (0.189) 0.31 (0.238) 0.323 (0.222) 0.069 (0.21) -0.025 (0.187)

8RST$7Y(Z=1) -0.316 (0.466) -0.273 (0.448) 0.293** (0.148) 0.291* (0.148) -0.142 (0.279) -0.187 (0.273) 0.144 (0.141) 0.149 (0.145)

!"#$678[\]^ -0.151** (0.065) -0.151** (0.063) -0.102* (0.06) -0.125** (0.059) -0.093* (0.049) -0.088* (0.046) -0.148** (0.055) -0.165** (0.058)

87Y@ZCDE -0.151 (0.12) -0.178 (0.12) 0.056 (0.097) 0.039 (0.096) -0.202** (0.102) -0.212** (0.102) 0.053 (0.083) 0.038 (0.082)

8GO!!3"5#$ -0.335 (0.34) -0.295 (0.337) -0.293 (0.266) -0.359 (0.269) 0.183 (0.351) 0.152 (0.394) 0.103 (0.285) 0.045 (0.278)

!!6"8#$ -0.282 (0.425) -0.272 (0.421) -0.683** (0.311) -0.681** (0.316) -0.157 (0.377) -0.148 (0.374) -0.676** (0.321) -0.676** (0.319)

!!9"11#$ -0.889** (0.317) -0.827** (0.308) -1.096** (0.289) -1.152** (0.293) -0.89** (0.337) -0.898** (0.336) -1.294** (0.25) -1.341** (0.245)

!!12"17#$ -1.243** (0.337) -1.217** (0.333) -1.513** (0.245) -1.557** (0.25) -1.288** (0.331) -1.325** (0.331) -1.509** (0.243) -1.546** (0.239)

!!18"23#$ -1.635** (0.279) -1.598** (0.281) -1.513** (0.252) -1.569** (0.256) -1.527** (0.276) -1.519** (0.28) -1.465** (0.224) -1.518** (0.221)

!!24"29#$ -1.102** (0.319) -1.077** (0.316) -1.156** (0.278) -1.211** (0.284) -1.375** (0.293) -1.404** (0.293) -1.439** (0.243) -1.487** (0.241)

!!30"35#$ -1.86** (0.304) -1.831** (0.304) -1.015** (0.242) -1.064** (0.25) -1.738** (0.308) -1.74** (0.308) -1.327** (0.221) -1.366** (0.223)

!!36"41#$ -1.432** (0.291) -1.42** (0.29) -1.003** (0.25) -1.063** (0.256) -1.233** (0.284) -1.259** (0.283) -1.218** (0.22) -1.274** (0.22)

!!42"47#$ -1.257** (0.312) -1.242** (0.312) -1.153** (0.285) -1.206** (0.292) -1.149** (0.299) -1.181** (0.296) -1.291** (0.257) -1.315** (0.26)

!!48"53#$ -1.471** (0.275) -1.447** (0.27) -1.388** (0.267) -1.449** (0.274) -1.203** (0.276) -1.227** (0.273) -1.546** (0.23) -1.589** (0.231)

!!54"59#$ -1.626** (0.342) -1.586** (0.336) -1.21** (0.261) -1.291** (0.269) -1.385** (0.308) -1.387** (0.307) -1.275** (0.246) -1.341** (0.247)

!!60#$%& -1.411** (0.342) -1.39** (0.332) -1.391** (0.267) -1.48** (0.273) -1.211** (0.299) -1.238** (0.292) -1.452** (0.235) -1.511** (0.233)

_-` -2.161** (0.867) -2.376** (0.799) -2.147** (0.648) -1.959** (0.627) -0.396 (0.681) -0.525 (0.629) -1.416** (0.602) -1.194** (0.565)

a_b- 0.414 0.41 0.394 0.384 0.446 0.438 0.361 0.347

cd_e1f 5.332 6.103 7.805 8.7 6.067 6.844 6.807 7.393

ghi@cd_e1fE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(j- 334 334 509 509 334 334 509 509

(%) ** 5%&"'()*+ *10,&"'-)*

./ 01 ./ 018GOYkl(NHCS(mi)8GOYPQ(NHCS(mi)

(8)

;5$=H9:$>?(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)(1)

表4 推計結果 母親の学校教育の経験別の推計 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!

Ñ+GÐ&��T�/:+ue#FN7n�{\��stY&,-./PQ��#Ù�<G+:+;�q&��st/T�Z�Kue/ÜaÐ&��'l)W+ue/,-./0)&PQ§»)Ý+;-@(:E(/F�"**+cY&ue/stY&Ç>/RS¤|#J%&,-./PQ��#Ù�N789ZkÕ<G+7)&­!%!/�?:"Y&-@(:E(/F�"**+c/hXZY�N7Ð/ab7!(;!³ Þ#&>?/TURS9,-./PQ9/3U#K+G479&­!#µ­!$!=5&ijkl9,-./PQ§»9/23Y&,-./'()|)7#K6&HIJ:789)34¦67;86Y&«ÖßZ[¬ÖA�G=?802!(.!0',!"**HcÌ@MNOÖ×�-0=9!09:!C':(/809!"**+ca4567¿{9F\ab7;�q&ue/vwY&!"¦6:+>?/TU§#/��Z�K]^A)b7)&ijkl9F\J&'wE/PQ§»91+23Z�K;!³ ­!%!#Ñ+G&ue/��stT�/��#$%�\q��/�?Z479&��stT�/:+ue/,-.Y&��stT�/b7ue/,-.#àá&PQ§»9ijkl�:5â#ue/vwc9)&1+23Z�K89)34¦67;��stZ[\G+:+ue/>?/TURSY&��st/T�Z�Kue/>?/TURS$%Ð=:%L+89&�qL��_#Ñ+GY&>?/��r`),-./PQ#�^7BC)&L��a/0)HI+]^A)b7qb&8/�?:"Y��RS)L+>?/0)&>?/TURS9,-./PQ9/23)HI+89Z¼<G+7]^AÐb7;!L��_ZFã9<&���Yäc/åæPÖcdefAZ�?<q¯°Y&��)L+>?&Ð<JYåæPÖcdg)L+>?/0)&efA)*+89Z¼<G+7�C':(/809!"**$c;86Y&��)Ç>RS¤|#:79&��/hi#I+&#K/��#$%&>?)çjmnZHIJrƦk7qbab7�C':(/809! "**$c;è! !"!Y&��/hi#I+lm/ÜaÐ�n/Ý+c*éaê/Ý+Ð/#&5oN7;è!#!Y&��/hi#I+åæPÖcd!p/Å+lm&lm¤¥/qµrÖOª/çj#5oN7;!�?:"/st#Yuv)wxab7)&åæPÖcd¤¥!)/��r`/,-./PQ§»y/BCZ&�zaI79N6O&��stT�/:+ue/>?/0)&��r`)åæPÖcdg/rÆZ{<G,-./PQ§»#�^7BC)HI+]^A)b7;�?:"Y&|}TUV#~ë#b7>?/0)���Yäc/åæPÖcdefA)*+89Z·¼V#¼NÐ/aY:+)&|}TUV#~ë#b7>?/0)&>?/TURS/{|)&,-./PQ��#�)7]^A)*+89Z¼KN7;!

!

� !ª)4�0)e>V!"#)Q+&ã>$4./0ABF$ïð��$%,ôÎ9�!D4�!I:�<4/:9�«�<8D�«­?;%�48:ÚÐ[õöÑ6Fhi&+�+%�;V!��[±+Â$[&'u=>-´(T)4�÷U)3%�3V!��[±²%»Z+-ôÎ)ß34CÑ6*xCøù*;���U;%�34+,§ÒT)-�)@>ÍÎ��;.;cdF4eHf`ghi&+>/0�[@>Â$FY1Z>-!!5. まとめと政策的示唆

z2343�456789;ÍÎ:;L5+! /00=! H$-#+7-,-%! A$*M+N! ):! O-7&,N!?+-,#5!F*+46<=>���;V!"#;?�F'(%,-ôÎ)ß343�456+,)@A)ã<=>§Ò4Ñ6�©;+,§ÒT�"#[4���;V!"#;?�$�í&+>Â$FYZ-!ôÎ)ß�<ù<=>ú�Y13��;BH?@>-Ù!/!34���;V!34ÍÎ;§Ò��$Õ�FÞQ-C)4ÚÐ;Ñ6Óq[C+ÍÎ;���;V!��34ÍÎ;§Ò�D;cdFf`ghi>-­,4���;./[û[>)Q=4ÍÎ;§Ò�D[4���;V!"#)ÔÄ>cd3f`g�>-Ù!8!34ÚÐ;õöÑ6;§ü34���;V!��;ýþ)ñÔ3%&+>[4³;cdFf`ghi>;348I�«�<IJ�«;���?@>-��T�C����)@>���348I�«¬�<49./012;"#?ã>$:´µT)V!��[ýþZ>Â$[E+[4ÚÐ;Ñ6Óq;C+���348IË«¬�<ã<=>V!��;¸¹[�+/0�[@>-Ù!D!34�ª8I�«¬­?;µU34ÚÐ;6�F;�Ô[f`+µU?@>[4ÚÐ;���;V!��)ÜZ>cd3Gu+-Ù!I!34ÚÐ)ÜZ>õöÑ6$3ÜmT)4ÚÐ)ÜZ>ÿnÁi!"Ñ634���;V!ýþ)3ñÔ%&+�+-!�û;Â$�<464H�IJËxËJKL¢£)j+&4V!"#;MNO$%&PQ)R#�FÞQøù"#;MN[9K+5*7-%!-%3!AG)$:&-"!899I:43�456;6<=>;���;V!WX;ýþ)P$%�Â$[Y1u=>-C)4+,§ÒT)-�)@>ÍÎ)Ü%&$%$ã<=>-¼M4ÚÐ)ÜZ>Ñ6P���;V!ýþ)3$%?3@>[4×;!8!S)TUZ>V?[@>-Ù!/!34CÓq;Ñ634���;V!ýþ)3ñÔ%�+/0�[@>-%,[í&4ÿnÁi;!"Ñ6�©34���;V!WX;ýþ$+&'S�<34$%�WO$3+Ä�+/0�[â+-Ù!8!34ÚÐ;Ñ63456X¡)ÜZ>(Yµ

!

U$%&)#$u=>�ª8I�«¬­?;���;V!WX;ýþ)3ñÔ%&+�+-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!付記 ! "#$%&'$()*+,-./01234$56789:;<,=2>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPBCJQRSTUVJWXYSTZ[\]^!"#$$_2,`a1MSbcUdJefSTZgHh0ijk_Zlm]^%&'#"%%#_$UV6nopSTVq$rstu;<((注記 !( (vwx%,ytA2z{6|}~z{��}~z{�1���;���|}~z{������1���;���u;<��2���wtA2z{6|}~z{��}~z{����8��;<8�82>?@t2��1��pvwx%Z)*+,_tA2�}~z{tA,������8�x%��2������;���`2>�tA��������8���8p<("( ( -./0.1(234(*504623(7%&&$82*92:3502;<(7!""%8(,y6��$��<(#( ( )3=>.?;2(*>2;.620;.=2(4.(+2024.(,26<0<29($( ( -./0.1@(AB@(234(CB(*504623B(*>2;.62023(+>9D.1(5E(,26<01(F.20;G(7)*+,8@(%&&$(H=56I>;.9(E<0.J(!34(KL-+M(D.9?<53B(+23;2(N53<=2@(LAB(O(M234(HI954>=.9J@(%&&$(A33(A9/59(NK(O(K3;.9>3<D.9?<;1(L53?59;<>6(5E(-50<;<=20(234(+=<.3=.(M.?.29=G(H4<?;9</>;59J(%&&&B! G;;IOPPQQQB9234B59:P02/59P,R+P)*+,P(%( ( SG562?(234(+;92>??(7%&&!8(,y6��$��<(&( R<33.6219(.;(20B(7!""'8(,y6��$��<('( ( ¡1¢£¤¥1��`�;¦§¨©ªA2«¬Y,­®¯°6±�²³´$µ¶6·;¸¹�8���`�;<²³´A2g0jFtA,�º»h$)¼1¢£½¾��;�¿·��;<>ST$¿wÀ�ÁA2g0jF$)¼1¢£ÂÃ��;pÄ2��$ÅÆ�8��,�<((( ( C2;<5320(L.3;.9(E59(F.20;G(+;2;<?;<=?()(Ç1L26/9<4:.��EÈ�u;<(!*(ÉÊËQtA2ÌÍÎÏ�Ð�ÑÒÓA­®ÔÕ�¯����Ö�ZF59;53(%&'!_<(!!(×ØÙ$ÚÛ1A2%_ÜÝ�×ØÙ�Þ�2!_×ØÙ$Û¨6��p<ÑÒÓ$­®A2ÜÝ$vßR1=o;àÏ1!á$âtãä6no;<å%A2vwR$æç$è�6é8pãätu;<×ØÙêë$ìíA2vßR$æçè�tîï+6ð£2­®ÔÕ�¯����u;Z+6<;G( .;( 20B( !""#_<å!A2vßR$ñ§',yÇ$vwòVó6é8pãätu;<ìô�$õö6÷á'�2øùvßR1�;��2ú$õö�ìô�1ãä��;���u;<pû82ú$ãäAüý�þ�ÿu£!;<(!"(vwòVó"�£up£$²b#A2vw$òVó$¼$$%1&�'(�;<)*$õ+Û1¢£2vw$òVó$$%�ÑÒÓ$­®ÔÕ1,-;ãäA2òVó$¼1./8,�pÄZR23T5>Q(234(M2D200<53(%&&$_2vwòVó$¼A0¼6"BU18pÿ$6��1��p<(!#(2Ý$ñ3A2!á$45t2ÑÒÓ$­®ÔÕ�676÷á89Û�u;<å%A2eñ:$2ÝAÉ©ªÓ6Ì;�;<=�>�ZM..?(.;(20B(%&&U_<å!A2ôÓ$!!A2ñ31¢£"9�;���u;<(

!

!!"!!"#$%&'()*+,-"#+,.%&"#/012!!#!34/05&"6)*789:;<=9>?@AB5C&DEFGHI)*9789JK9L$9MNOPQRMS05B;T&UP@%VB5BWB2!!$!XYZ[9Y\]^9>?RVB5_D01`ab>RVB12`ab$9_D@%&c9L$RVB12de-fVg#.&-hi9j9.kl-fVg#.&dm-nJg#.&Yop-nJg#.&qrs-nJg#.&tuvw-nJg#.&s@x;yz{|-Jz$#.&}~��s�-�V��$#.&hiR�;��/��T��-�W;$#.&��-nJg#.2�L$9�#�D�9�%&+�9�z�:;2de-%&'().&-hi9j9.kl-%&*+#.&dm-%&',(.&Yop-%&-#".&qrs-%&*',.&tuvw-.%&%%".&s@x;yz{|-%&-'".&}~��s�-%&-)-.&hiR�;��/��T��-%&-",.&��-.%&#(+.2!!%!�����9UPR�K��/0&� ¡¢£\¤@x;UPR¥¦��/�;/§ %&B¨©9UP@ªB5C&#«9J¬­®�¯°±©;2!!&!²³´µY�%"6)*@¶�;L$%&-·¸¹9º»9¼½¾9JKW¿9.7À+Á9ÂP9ÃÄÅ�Æ9ÇÈRÉÊËA��¾C:;2Ì9Í9ÎÏ%&ÐÑ9ÒÓÔÕ�:;2Wª&XYZ[9Ö×¥Ø9Ù¾9ÚÛ&ÜÑÖ×¹Ý���Þß@àá05B1â9ãä%&"6)*RåG1â%)#«&"6)*RåG5BWBâ%((«�:;2!!'!ÂP9æçLèT&éêë9ìíîï@ð|;ñò%&óvôõö÷+Á@&#.øù+Á9éêë9ìí@ñòRð|;úuûõül9ýþªxÿ!9ñò&-.óvôõö÷9ìíîï"9L#¡$@C%&�;T&ñò9'(W¿%�)±©5BWB-01234567!#,,*.2!!参考文献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̀ 5567G31!̂ W:GZH6?8!;T:44316D3?!672!N3D345H767D?!:Z!TAH12!07DA4:K:53D4H@?!H7!J6DH7!0534H@6U!V6@WP4:G72!672!XC34CH3=!:Z!DA3!^E5K:?HG58I!C#.".='#1)7"&)2%=7")D'.$.(5E)M:1&-!Q-%%'R8!KK&**(.*(#&!N9^!OG6D356168!F%7*,=7$7)C"#%,1*7)G7#'."7$)&,)37$%&)A7*,/".)!"87"*'$)>HHIJ>HHH8!N35:P46KAH@!672!9361DA!^G4C3E?!QS6?A7PD:7!N&T&U!F6@4:!_7D3476DH:7618!#,,,R&!/H15348!N3:7!672!J67D!9&!B4HD@A3DD8!;`?DH56DH7P!S361DA!`ZZ3@D?!=HDA:GD!`YK372HDG43!N6D6.:4!]364?U!07!0KK1H@6DH:7!D:!`2G@6DH:761!`74:11537D?!H7!^D6D3?!:Z!_72H68I!0,=.(/79+5E)M:1&*+8!<:&'!Q-%%#R8!KK&##(.#*-&!O13==38!B6G18!;SAE!N:3?!F:DA34a?!^@A::1H7P!>6H?3!TAH12!9361DA!H7!N3C31:KH7P!T:G7D4H3?b!`CH237@3!Z4:5!F:4:@@:8I!B.%/"7$).8)2%=7")K,1.%/#,1E)M:1&*-8!<:&#!Q#,,,R8!KK&#-'.#("&!

!

!*92:3502;<@(N<=G.0.@(!"#$%&'()*+ ,&-./"+ 0(%+ 1-2'&/3+ #(+ 45&0$+ ,50/'60$0( 7V2?G<3:;53( WBLBO(V5904(X23Y@(!""%8B(F59;53@( +>Z23@( [LG<04( C>;9<;<53( 234( ,26<01( +<Z.( <3( ;G.( -G<0<II<3.?@\( 7-5&(0$+ -8+ 9'2'$-:6'(/+;<-(-6#<*=+]50B!#@(C5B%(7%&'U8@(IIB(%U%^%_UB(K3?;<;>;5(C2=<5320( 4.( )?;24`?;<=2( 7KC)8@(;(<5'*/0+>0<#-(0$+ %'+!-(%#<#-('*+ %'+?#%0+ @AAB+ C;>!D?E+@AABFB( (R23T5>Q@( -.;.9( 234( N29;<3( M2D200<53@( a-5D.9;1( 234( F5>?.G504( +<Z.@a( ;<-(-6#<+ 7-5&(0$@( ]50B%"$@(C5Bb##(7%&&$8@(IIB%b%$^%b#bB(R<33.6219@(+./2?;<23@(F29504(A04.9623(234(A/45>021.(c2@([W.;.96<323;?(5E(N203>;9<;<53(<3(+.3.:20O(K34<D<?>20@(F5>?.G504(234(L566>3<;1(]29<2/0.?@(234(SG.<9(K3;.92=;<53@\(;<-(-6#<*+0(%+G560(+H#-$-I3=+]50BU(7!""'8@(IIB!$!^!U#B(N29;59.00@(M.132045(234(d.23^-<.99.(F2/<=G;@([*95Q;G(<3()2901(LG<04G554(<3(W.D.05I<3:(L5>3;9<.?@\(<3(,20Y3.9@(,923Y(234(d26.?(N5>9<0123(S233.9(7.4?B8@(G560(+,&-./"J+K+!-6:&'"'(*#2'+L&'0/#*'+2-$MN+7C.Q(e59YO(-9.6<>6(-9.??@(%&'U8B(-./0.1@(A33.(234(C59..3(*504623@([+5=<20(K3.f>20<;1(234(LG<049.3g?(*95Q;G(<3(*>2;.6202@\(G'0$/"+L&0(*#/#-(+4'2#'.=(]50B$(7%&&$8@(IIB%^!"B(-./0.1@(A33.(234(C59..3(*504623@(L"'+OPPQ+,50/'60$0(+R5&2'3+-8+S06#$3+G'0$/"+C;,RSFJ+D2'&2#'.+0(%+!--TU--T+7+23;2(N53<=2O(M234(L59I592;<53@(%&&&8B(M..?@(d23.@(+2001(R.4.9623(234(d5G3(c<.01@([X<9;G(V.<:G;(A??5=<2;.4(Q<;G(R5Q.?;(C.532;20(N59;20<;1O(K3E23;?(5E(A450.?=.3;(234(A4>0;(N5;G.9?@\(1'%#0/&#<*=+]50B&'@(C5BU(7%&&U8@(IIB%%U%^%%UUB(+2G3@(W2D<4(234(F29504(A04.9623@([h3(;G.(W.;.96<323;?(5E(C>;9<;<53(<3(N5Z26/<f>.O(SG.(K6I59;23=.(5E(A:.^+I.=<E<=()EE.=;?@\(V-&$%+9'2'$-:6'(/@(]50B!$@(C5Bb(7%&&_8@(IIB$__^$''B( (+=G>0;Z@( SB( -2>0@( [+;>41<3:( ;G.( K6I2=;( 5E(F5>?.G504()=5356<=( 234(L566>3<;1(]29<2/0.?( 53(LG<04(N59;20<;1@\(1-:5$0/#-(+0(%+9'2'$-:6'(/+4'2#'.=+]50B%"(7?>II0.6.3;8(7%&'b8@(IIB!%$^!#$B(+G9<6I;53@(M5:.9@(L.?29(]<=;59<2@(N.9=.4.?( 4.(h3<?@(M5?23:.02(L5?;2(R<62@(N53<Y2(X05??3.9( 234(*92.6.( L0>:?;53@( [V5904Q<4.( S<6<3:( 5E( *95Q;G( ,20;.9<3:O( K6I0<=2;<53?( E59( C>;9<;<5320(K3;.9D.3;<53?@\(1'%#0/&#<*=+]50B%"_@(C5B$(7!""%8@(IIB_$^'%B(+6<;G@( R<?2@( i?G2( M262Y9<?G323@( A<42( C4<21.@( R2Q9.3=.( F24424( 234( M.132045( N29;59.00@( L"'+E6:-&/0(<'+-8+V-6'()*+R/0/5*+8-&+!"#$%+>5/&#/#-(+#(+9'2'$-:#(I+!-5(/&#'*J(E(/'&(0/#-(0$+S--%+1-$#<3+ 4'*'0&<"+ E(*/#/5/'+ 4'*'0&<"+ 4':-&/+ ONO( 7V2?G<3:;53(WBLBO( K3;.932;<5320( ,554( -50<=1(M.?.29=G(K3?;<;>;.@(!""#8B( (+;..0.@(W<23.@([*>2;.6202@\(<3(-?2=G295I5>05?@(*.59:.(234(F2991(A3;G531(-2;9<35?(7.4?B8@(E(%#I'(-5*+1'-:$'+0(%+1-2'&/3+#(+W0/#(+K6'&#<0(7V2?G<3:;53(WBLBO(V5904(X23Y@(%&&#8@(IIB&_^%!UB(+;92>??@(d5G3@([F5>?.G504@(L566>3<;<.?@(234(-9.?=G550(LG<049.3g?(C>;9<;<53(h>;=56.?O()D<4.3=.(E956(M>920( L5;.( 4.( KD59.@\( ;<-(-6#<+ 9'2'$-:6'(/+ 0(%+ !5$/5&0$+ !"0(I'=+ ]50B#'@( C5B!( 7%&&"8@(IIB!#%^!U!B(+;92>??@(d5G3(234(W>3=23(SG562?@([F>623(M.?5>9=.?O()6I<9<=20(N54.0<3:(5E(F5>?.G504(234(,26<01(W.=<?<53@\(<3(X.G9623@(d.9.@(234(SBCB(+9<3<D2?23(7.4?B8@(G0(%U--T+-8+9'2'$-:6'(/+;<-(-6#<*+

!

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`*&F-1!_-(^F1A!J(-E72!VD%'!*1)!I1&'(7('&*&F-1!-G!#1&.(-7-$'&(FH!I1)FH*&-(%!-G!,E&(F&F-1*0! >&*&E%2C! C%))-14'* $+* 1<-* =$&)3* D-()1<* E&F('4G(14$'6! M-08NP2! ,-8N! "349N62!7784;4:4P38!]-E1A2!a*(?!Z$F1A!"')862!H&$0*:(&)I*?<4)3*,-.-)$/0-'1*1$*D%0('*,-.-)$/0-'1!"_*%.F1A&-1!R8X+!_-(0)!K*1^2!;<<;68!!"#$!%"&#!$'(%!)"&*+',-(./!0&*+',-(!);12!3456! ;<<5*! 7783P;:3PN8!!