ერთმანეთი ორმოცდაათიანი წლების ბოლოს გაიცნეს. ბერლინის მმართველმა მერმა RIAS-ს ჟურნალისტი ბარი სენატის სპიკერად დანიშნა. ბერლინის კედლის აღმართვის შემდეგ ერთად შეიმუშავეს აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკა, რაც დღემდე ბრანდტის კანცლერობის დიდ მიღწევად ითვლება. ბარი ვილი ბრანდტს საგარეო საქმეთა სამინისტროში და კანცლერის აპარატშიც გაჰყვა როგორც ყველაზე ახლო და სანდო მეგობარი. მან ბრანდტის დავალებით აწარმოა მოლაპარაკებები აღმოსავლეთის ხელშეკრულებებზე და გვერდიდან არ მოსცილებია მას არც ნდობის ვოტუმის ტრიუმფალური დაძლევისას და არც კანცლერის პოსტიდან გადადგომის მწარე წუთებში. ისინი პოლიტიკის მიღმაც ერთგული მეგობრები იყვნენ, ამ მეგობრობამ 1992 წელს ბრანდტის გარდაცვალებამდე გასტანა. ბარი ბრწყინვალედ ჰყვება აქამდე უცნობ ისტორიებს და მკითხველს აცნობს ვილი ბრანდტის ადამიანურ მხარეს. იგი მოგვითხრობს, როგორ დაიწყო ყველაფერი ბერლინში, ჰყვება ერთობლივი მოგზაურობების, მძიმე და სახალისო მომენტების შესახებ და გვახედებს ბრანდტის, ვენერისა და შმიდტის რთულ ურთიერთობებშიც. ავტორი გვაჩვენებს ბრანდტის სიდიადეს და მის მგრძნობიარე ბუნებას, განსაკუთრებით კი მის დაუღალავ შრომას უკეთესი, მშვიდობიანი და ადამიანური საზოგადოებისთვის.

ეგონ ბარი 1922 წელს დაიბადა იურინგიაში. ომის შემდეგ ჟურნალისტად მუშაობდა, მათ შორის, ხელმძღვანელობდა RIAS-ს ოფისს ბონში. 1960-1966 წლებში იყო ბერლინის სენატის სპიკერი. ვილი ბრანდტის მინისტრობის დროს ხელმძღვანელობდა საგარეო უწყების დაგეგმვის შტაბს, 1969-1974 წლებში ფედერალური კანცლერის აპარატში იყო სახელმწიფო მდივანი. ბრანდტის გადადგომის შემდეგ იკავებდა ეკონომიკური თანამშრომლობის ფედერალური მინისტრის პოსტს, იყო სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტიის საქმეთა ფედერალური მწარმოებელი და ჰამბურგის მშვიდობის კვლევითი ინსტიტუტის დირექტორი.

„ვილი ბრანდტი და ეგონ ბარი – ეს გახლდათ თანამშრომლობის თითქმის უნიკალური შემთხვევა. თითოეულმა მათგანმა მხოლოდ მეორეს საშუალებით შეძლო საკუთარი ნიჭის სრულყოფილად გამოვლინება.“ რიხარდ ფონ ვაიცზეკერი სასიკვდილო სარეცელზე ბრანდტისთვის მის ვაჟს ლარსს უკითხავს, ვინ იყვნენ შენი მეგობრებიო. ბრანდტს უპასუხია: „ეგონი“. ეგონ ბარი ათწლეულების განმავლობაში მართლაც იყო ბრანდტის უახლოესი პოლიტიკური თანამგზავრი და მეგობარი. დიდი სოციალ-დემოკრატი პოლიტიკოსის 100 წლის იუბილეს უძღვნის იგი ერთობლივად გატარებული წლების ძალიან პირადულ მოგონებებს – გვთავაზობს ბრანდტის, როგორც ადამიანის პორტრეტს და მთელი ეპოქის ბრწყინვალე დახასიათებას.

ეს შენ უნდა მოჰყვემოგონებები ვილი ბრანდტზე

ე გ ო ნ ბ ა რ ი

egon bari

`es Sen unda mohyve~mogonebebi vili brandtze

germanulidan Targmna maia fanjikiZem

Tbilisi

2018

qarTuli gamocema momzadda fridrix ebertis fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT.

dauSvebelia fridrix ebertis fondis mier gamocemuli masalebis gamoyeneba fondis Tanxmobis gareSe.

Egon Bahr

„Das musst Du ErzählEn“ErinnErungEn an Willy Brandt

Übersetzt ins georgische von Maia Panjikidze

ullstein Buchverlage gmbH, Berlin 2013

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Tbilissi 2018

redaqtori

nino dekanoiZe

damkabadonebeli

viola tuRuSi

garekanis dizaineri

ilia xelaia

© fridrix ebertis fondi

3

sarCevi

egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ –

mogonebebi vili brandtze. qarTuli gamocemis

winasityvaoba (kurt beki) 5

winasityvaoba (giunter bexleri) 9

winaTqma 13dasawyisi 15

pirveli nawili – berlini

Sesavali 17Sesasvleli bileTi 23jer erTmaneTis gverdiT, Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad 291961 wlis 13 agvisto 39Cakiruli gayofa 45axali miznebi 52gamouqveynebeli wigni 54

meore nawili – boni

didi koalicia – arapopularuli da gardauvali 57sagareo uwyebaSi 60dagegmvis StabSi 67

4

sinamdvile 71naxtomi mwvervalze 77dasawyisi vaSingtonSi 81

mesame nawili – triumfi da tragedia

moskovSi 85SeveguoT an gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi 94maS, imoqmede 103upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi 106berlinis xelSekruleba – xelovnebis nimuSi 112germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova

(satranzito SeTanxmeba) 121yvelaferi an araferi 127megobris gansacdeli 133dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris ndobis zrda 136finiSis swors 142gaWianurebuli starti 147veneri 152dacema 161Smidti da brandti 168

meoTxe nawili – rwmena

axali dasawyisi 177usafrTxoeba visTvis? 180partniori – amerika 188satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde

mihyavxar (evropa) 192Seican Tavi Seni 197`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~ 212is, rac rCeba 223

5

egon baris „es Sen unda mohyve“ – mogonebebi vili brandtze

qarTuli gamocemis winasityvaoba

egon bari omis Semdgomi periodis germaniis yvelaze

mniSvnelovan social-demokratTa rigs ganekuTvneboda.

vili brandtma da misma erTgulma Tanamoazrem 1963 wels

erTad Camoayalibes da ganamtkices formula „gardaqmna

daaxloebis gziT“, romelic social-liberaluri koali-

ciis dros aRmosavleTis axali politikis safuZveli gax-

da. amdenad, barma gadamwyveti wvlili Seitana germaniis

gayofisa da evropis gaxleCis gadalaxvaSi. saerTaSoriso

doneze aRiarebuli eqsperti xandazmul asakSic iRvwoda

mSvidobisa da xalxTa Soris megobrobisaTvis.

bari 1922 wels daibada tiuringiaSi da jariskaci iyo

meore msoflio omSi. 1945 wlis Semdeg jer Jurnalistad

muSaobda. 1956 wels gaxda social-demokratiuli partiis

wevri. 1960-dan 1966 wlamde berlinis miwis presisa da

informaciis samsaxurs xelmZRvanelobda, Sesabamisad, is

gaxldaT vili brandtis, rogorc senatis xelmZRvaneli

mmarTveli meris spikeri. Semdeg sagareo uwyebaSi gadavi-

da, sadac 1967-dan 1969 wlamde dagegmvis Stabze iyo pa-

suxismgebeli. 1969 wels federaluri kancleris aparatSi

6

asrulebda saxelmwifo mdivnisa da berlinis sakiTxebSi

federalur saqmeTa rwmunebulis funqcias. 1972-dan 1974

wlamde ki sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrad

msaxurebda.

am wlebSi federalur kancler vili brandtTan erTad

praqtikul politikaSi gaatara germaniisa da aRmosavle-

Tis axali politika. „aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis

arqiteqtorma“ dauRalavad iRvawa sabWoTa kavSirTan, po-

loneTTan, CexoslovakiasTan, da, rasakvirvelia, gdr-Tan

TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli urTierTobebis Camoyali-

bebisTvis. baris zrunvis mudmivi amocana iyo germaniis

orive nawilis mosaxleobis keTildReoba da dasavleTsa

da aRmosavleTs Soris Tanaarsebobis gaioleba. am saqmeSi

igi eyrdnoboda varSavis xelSekrulebis wevr saxelmwi-

foebTan molaparakebebis monawileebTan TandaTanobiT

damyarebul ndobasa da partniorobas. baris ganmuxt-

vis politika patara nabijebis politika iyo, romelmac

sabolood warmatebamde migviyvana – 1990 wels germaniis

gaerTianeba egon baris gareSe warmoudgeneli iqneboda.

bari 1972 wlidan iyo bundestagis wevri, 1974-dan

1976 wlamde ki ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federalu-

ri ministri; igi gaxldaT social-demokratiuli par-

tiis erT-erTi yvelaze gamokveTili moazrovne. 1976-dan

1981 wlamde saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi seriozuli kva-

li daaCnia partias. bari mudam Tavisi ganmuxtvis po-

litikis erTguli darCa. 1980-dan 1982 wlamde gaxldaT

wevri olof palmes mier daarsebuli „ganiaraRebisa da

saerTo usafrTxoebis damoukidebeli saerTaSoriso ko-

misiisa“. 1984 wlidan 1994 wlamde ki samecniero direqto-

ris rangSi xlmZRvanelobda mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis

politikis samecniero instituts hamburgSi.

7

egon bari da fridrih ebertis fondi erTmaneTTan

mravalmxriv iyvnen dakavSirebuli. 1979-dan 2000 wlamde

bari fondis gamgeobis wevri gaxldaT da mis saerTa-

Soriso mimarTulebas mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvrav-

da. 2015 wlis 20 agvistos gardacvalebamde cota xniT

adre igi fridrih eberts fondTan erTad gegmavda mo-

gzaurobas saqarTveloSi: moskovis mier saqarTvelos

gaxleCva, gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, 1950-iani da 60-iani

wlebis germaniis situacias agonebda. saqarTveloSic xe-

davda bari patara nabijebis politikis Sanss gaxleCis

dasaZlevad – da mzad iyo rCevebi gaeca. egon barma es

gegma veRar Seasrula. swored amitom, mis „mogonebebs

vili brandtze“, romelic barisa da brandtis politikur

naazrevs STambeWdavad da saxalisod gadmoscemT, mraval

mkiTxvels vusurvebT saqarTveloSi.

kurt beki

yofili premier-ministri

fridrih ebertis fondis gamgeobis Tavmjdomare

9

winasityvaoba

„mogonebebi egon barze“ unda erqvas am wigns, romelic

ara mxolod vili brandtis memkvidreobaze mogviTxrob-

da, aramed winamdebare Txzulebis aw gardacvlili av-

toris uzarmazar damsaxurebaze. vili brandts da egon

bars – ganmuxtvis politikis arqiteqtorebs – mWidro me-

gobroba akavSirebdaT, orive maTgani imsaxurebs pativis-

cemasa da madlierebas gasuli saukunis 60-ani da 70-iani

wlebis aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispire-

bis daZlevis gabeduli politikisTvis. dResac aranakle-

bi intensivobiT vmsjelobT evropis SemaSfoTebeli gan-

viTarebaze, „dasavleTsa“ da ruseTs Soris daZabul da

mwvave urTierTobaze, vidre maSin. albaT bevrs axsendeba

helsinkis finaluri aqtis xelmoweramde arsebuli damux-

tuli urTierToba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris.

arada, bevri ram Seicvala 1975 wlis Semdeg: sistemebs

Soris globaluri konfliqti Caanacvla regionuli gav-

lenis zonebisa da maTze batonobis konfliqtma; bloke-

bis sworxazovani dapirispireba – multipolarulma da

bundovanma struqturam; transatlanturma aliansma mka-

fiooba dakarga da a. S. da mainc: Sesadareblad da evro-

pis dRevandeli ganviTarebis gasaazreblad, „mogonebebs

vili brandtze“ fasdaudebeli mniSvneloba aqvs.

10

ratom iTargmna „mogonebebi“ qarTulad? ori mniSvne-

lovani faqtori Seerwya erTmaneTs, ramac saqarTvelo-

Si am wignis mimarT interesi gamoiwvia. erTi mxriv, me,

rogorc Sveicariis elCi saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad yo-

veldRe vesaubrebodi am wignis mTargmnelsa da saqarTve-

los yofil sagareo saqmeTa ministrs maia fanjikiZes sa-

qarTveloSi arsebuli konfliqtebisa da qarTul-rusuli

urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. meore mxriv ki Tavad gaxldiT

80-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi hamburgis universitetis

„mSvidobis kvlevisa da usafrTxoebis politikis insti-

tutis“ mecnier-TanamSromeli; am instituts maSin egon

bari xelmZRvanelobda. amgvarad, 2014 wlis ivnisSi, ro-

desac Sveicaria euTos Tavmjdomareobda, egon barisa da

mcirericxovani qarTuli delegaciis Sekreba movaxerxe

Stain am rainSi. qarTul delegacias sagareo saqmeTa mi-

nistri xelmZRvanelobda. ordRiani araformaluri Sexve-

dra or erTmaneTTan mtrulad ganwyobil saxelmwifos

– saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris daZabulobis moxsnis

koncefciebisa da ideebis ganxilvas emsaxureboda. oTx-

mocdaTormeti wlis egon bari, miuxedavad asakisa, en-

ergiiT savse gaxldaT; man qarTvel megobrebs Tavisi

usazRvrod didi gamocdileba gauziara da bevri mniSv-

nelovani rCeva misca germanul-germanuli urTierTobe-

bis warmatebis Tu transatlantur-sabWoTa urTierTobe-

bis Sesaxeb diplomatiuri molaparakebebis magaliTebze

dayrdnobiT.

„mogonebebi vili brandtze“ uaRresad STambeWdavad

ajamebs yvela im faqtors, ramac sabolood migviyvana civi

omis daZlevamde da germaniis gaerTianebamde – dapiris-

pirebul interesTa dasacxrobad Seqmnili diplomatiuri

formulebi, SeTanxmebebis „SemoqmedebiTi orazrovneba“,

11

orive germanuli saxelmwifos aqtiuri roli ganmuxtvis

politikaSi, moskovsa da vaSingtons mimarT transparen-

tuloba, konkretul aqtorebs Soris ndobis atmosferos

Seqmna TviT SeiaraRebis kontrolisa da samxedro sfero-

Sic ki, amave dros ki sakuTari demokratiuli interese-

bis, principebisa da Rirebulebebis dacva.

am wignis mniSvneloba ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlo-

baSi kidev ufro gaizarda, radgan globaluri polarize-

bis fonze ufro metad gamwvavda konfliqti saqarTvelo-

sa da ruseTs Soris. imeds gamovTqvam, rom „mogonebebi“

saqarTveloSi bevr mkiTxvels daainteresebs da qveyana-

Si arsebuli dapirispirebis gadalaxvaSi Seitans wvlils.

konfliqtiT dazaralebuli, rTul pirobebSi mcxovrebi

qarTvelebi, afxazebi da osebi uTuod madlierebi dar-

Cebian.

giunter bexleri

elCi

euTos Tavmjdomaris specialuri warmomadgeneli

saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris Jenevis molaparakebebSi

13

winaTqma

vili brandtma Segnebulad datova Tavis `mogonebebSi~

TeTri laqebi: `es Sen unda mohyve~. misi ndoba aRmosa-

vleTisa da ganmuxtvis politikas efuZneboda. am mowo-

debas wigniT – `Cems dros~ vupasuxe. axla ki vsargeblob

SemTxveviT da mogiTxrobT istoriasa da istoriebze, aR-

vwer, Tu rogor iqca TanamSromloba megobrobad, rome-

lic misi gardacvalebis Semdegac Tan mdevs.

cxovreba droTa ganmavlobaSi aqrobs wvrilmanebs,

romlebic am ambis nawilia. meore mxriv ki, mexsierebam

SeCerebuli kadrebiviT Semoinaxa sakvanZo movlenebi da

gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic arsad gamqrala.

siaxlove yvelaze pirad sivrceSi Caxedvis saSualebas

iZleva, Tumca, mxolod imdenad, rom megobroba aRwero.

amas moiTxovs pativiscema cocxlebsa da gardacvlilTa

mimarT.

15

dasawyisi

orivem vicodiT: ukanasknelad vxvdebodiT da vsaubrob-

diT. amqveyniuri vnebebi ukve ukan moetovebina, tri umfi

da wyena veRar swvdeboda. mis ukanasknel, Zalze pira-

dul sityvebs gulSi vinaxav. es misgan moniWebuli gan-

sacvifrebeli saCuqaria, rogori RirsebiT Sexvda aRsas-

ruls. karTan kidev erTxel mivtrialdi. erTmaneTs xeli

davuqnieT.

mas Semdeg Tavs marto da dacarielebulad vgrZnob.

albaT erTi kvira Tu iqneboda gasuli misi gar-

dacvalebidan, roca lars brandtisgan xelnaweri baraTi

miviRe. – mamaCems rom davemSvidobe, wesisamebr, da ukve

gamovdiodi, vkiTxe: `vin iyvnen Seni megobrebi?~ vilis

upasuxia: `egoni~.

am ambidan oci wlis Semdeg es mmatebs gambedaobas,

vcado Cemi mogonebebi movyve.

17

pirveli nawili – berlini

Sesavali

aRar maxsovs, rodis gavige pirvelad vili brandtis saxe-

li. mexsierebam ver aRidgina, rodis Sevxvdi da vesaubre

pirvelad. etyoba, gansakuTrebuli Sexvedra ar yofila.

uSualod omis Semdgom periodSi brandti, rogorc nor-

vegiis samxedro misiis wevri, TvalSi ar unda momxvedro-

da.

1945 wlis zafxulSi Cemze STabeWdileba moaxdina

sab WoTa kavSiris mier okupirebuli zonisa da berlinis

qristian-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris, iakob

kai zeris Tavdajerebulobam, rogor gegmavda Crdilo-

ra ini-vestfaliis warmomadgenel karl arnoldTan da

miunxenel iozef (oqsenzep) miulerTan erTad adenaueri

Zalauflebisgan CamoeSorebina. igi ambobda, `adenauers,

am separatists ar unda Cauvardes xelSi mTeli qris-

tian-demokratiuli partia~. 1949 wels ki ijda bonSi

adenaueris pirvel kabinetSi saerTo germanuli sakiTxe-

bis federalur ministrad, maT Soris, ar dagvaviwydes,

germaniis gayofis sakiTxic mas exeboda da cdilobda

sakuTari partiis dasaqmebulTa flangTan erTad patara

samflobelo Seeqmna.

1949 wlidan vimyofebodi bonSi rogorc riaS-is (ameri-

kuli seqtoris radio) korespondenti da sxva Jurna-

listebiviT, profesiuli saWiroebisamebr, bundestagis

18

partiebis wamyvan politikosebs vekontaqtebodi. orSaba-

Tis Sexvedrebze, romelic kolegebTan erTad davawese,

Zalze gulRiad vsaubrobdiT (Sepirebul diskrecias ara-

vin arRvevda) yvela partiis warmomadgenel mniSvnelovan

batonebTan – qalebi politikaSi TiTqmis ar Candnen. kan-

cleri adenaueri Caize gvepatiJeboda xolme pale Saum-

burgSi. Cvens wreSi iakob kaizers `kaizers samflobelos

gareSe~ veZaxdiT, sanam 1955 wels pativiscemam ar Secvala

aseve pativiscemiT ganmsWvaluli qiliki. ministri daupi-

rispirda Tavis kanclers, romelmac parizTan SeaTanxma

zaaris mxaris evropuli statusi, sakmaod Riad moqme-

debda da saarCevno kampanias am statusis sawinaaRmdegod

afinansebda. man `gaimarjva~: zaarlandelebma xmaTa TiTq-

mis 68 procentiT federalur respublikasTan mierTeba

gadawyvites.

boni uaRresad myudro patara qalaqi aRmoCnda. Cem-

ma dia saxlisma, rodesac misgan avejiT gawyobili oTaxi

viqirave da vkiTxe, xom gixariaT, rom axla boni droe-

biTi dedaqalaqia-meTqi, gacofebulma mipasuxa: `ra Tqma

unda, ara! quCazec ki veRar gadaxval, ukan Tu ar miixede,

manqana xom ar modiso~.

berlinidan vicnobdi franguli licenziis `kurieris~

mTavar redaqtors, pol burdins. mas moswonda kancle-

ris keTilganwyoba safrangeTis mimarT da federaluri

mTavrobis brwyinvale spikeri iyo. erT mSvenier dilas

damireka da gaognebulma Sematyobina, guSin saRamos ade-

nauers vaxldi riondorfSi da ueWvelia, `moxucs gaer-

Tianeba saerTod ar unda~. gadadgomis meti aRarafe-

ri darCenia, radgan yoveldRiurad uwevs sapirispiros

mtkicebao. kidev sami kvira TamaSobda, CaxlarTulad

laparakobda da Semdeg marTlac gadadga. es faqti iqca

19

adenauris mimarT Cemi dapirispirebis sakvanZo movle-

nad. sul ufro da ufro cxadad vacnobierebdi, rom is

da valter ulbrixti, sinamdvileSi, kongenialuri po-

litikuri figurebi iyvnen. orive maTgans ewada qveynis

Tavisi nawilis Semomtkiceba da sakuTari wonis gazrda,

rogorc aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. TiTeuli maTga-

ni, qveynis Tavis nawilSi aRmoCnda uZlieresi pirovneba

da isini flobdnen politikur asparezs. adenauerze, Su-

maxerTan mimarTebiTac igive iTqmis.

social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomare kurt Su-

maxeri Zalian momwonda; man, zedmeti aliaqoTis gareSe,

jer kidev konstituciis ZalaSi Sesvlamde, SeunarCuna

federacias finansur sakiTxebSi uzenaesoba, gamarjvebul

ZalebTan mimarTebaSi da amiT meti wona Semata germanias.

adenauers ukve Caqneuli hqonda xeli. warmodgenac ki

SeuZlebelia, rogor ganviTardeboda federaluri jaris

aRmSenebloba, dafinansebis sakiTxi miwebis Tanxmobaze

rom yofiliyo damokidebuli. miwebis federacia fede-

raluri saxelmwifos nacvlad: Sumaxeris mier finansebis

sakiTxSi mopovebuli uzaenaesobis gareSe, federaciuli

respublika sxvanairi iqneboda.

Sumaxerma kidev erT istoriul gadawyvetilebas miaR-

wia jer kidev 1945 wels. dasavleTis zonebSic, aRmosa-

vleTis msgavsad, SeimCneoda mondomeba, eswavlaT vaima-

ris respublikis Secdomebze. oto grotevolma, rogorc

ger manis social-demokratiuli partiis centraluri ko-

mitetis Tavmjdomarem, mouwoda germaniis muSaTa klass

ebrZolaT organizaciuli erTobisTvis da imedi hqonda,

Tavad gaxdeboda pirveli, vinc aRmosavleTsa da dasa-

vleTSi mcxovrebi yvela germanelis saxeliT ilaparakeb-

da. es im dros xdeboda, roca dasavleTis sam zonaSi so-

20

cial-demokratiuli partiis erTiani organizaciac ki ar

iyo nebadarTuli. aq ori kaci acxadebda liderobaze pre-

tenzias. pirad SuRlsac ar uTamaSia mcire roli, rom Su-

maxerma `raixSi~ aRkveTa erTiani partiuli organizacia,

romelic yvelas pirze ekera, roca potsdamis konferen-

ciam germania ar gayo. federalurma prezidentma Teodor

hoisma Sumaxeris dauviwyari Rvawli uwoda im faqts, rom

moxerxda totalitaruli ideologiis Sekaveba. Sumaxeri

mixvda, rom tyuilad ar epareboda eWvi, `SeinarCunebda

Tu ara berlini moqmedebis Tavisuflebas~ mas Semdeg, rac

moskovma komunisturi partiebis da social-demokratiu-

li partiis germaniis erTian socialistur partiasTan

Serwyma gadawyvita. ernst lemeri, iakob kaizeris moad-

gile, ambobda odnav mogvianebiT, qristian-demokratiul

partiasac igive bedi ewia Tavisi antipodebis, kaizerisa

da adenaueris wyalobiTo. berlinis mimarT undoblobiT

ganmsWvalulebi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs – germaniis gayofa-

Si, romelzec maTze Zlierebi agebdnen pasuxs, maTac Sei-

tanes patara wvlili.

Sumaxeri Tavdajerebuli germaneli gaxldaT. fa-

Sistebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli kacis siamaye aZlevda

uflebas, oTx gamarjvebul ZalasTan, germaniis intere-

sebis dacvisas principulad, lamis uxeSad elaparaka,

TiTqos TanasworTa Soris Tanaswori yofiliyo; suvere-

nuli saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli gegoneboda, rac Cvens

qveyanas maSin namdvilad ar eTqmoda. bevri ucxoelis

yurs misi sityvebi nacionalistur ritorikad xvdeboda,

yovel SemTxvevaSi, adenaueris enas ver Seadarebdi, igi

Sumaxers agdebulad uwodebda `morgebuls~. sul ufro

pativiscemiT vimsWvalebodi am kacis mimarT, vinmes daux-

mareblad TiTqmis rom veRar moZraobda da miuxedavad

21

imisa, rom grZnobda, bevri dro aRar damrCeniao, Tavs

ar indobda da mTeli SemarTebiT ibrZoda Tavisi mizne-

bisTvis.

garda amisa, bonSi gatarebulma samma weliwadma da-

marwmuna, rom social-demokratiuli partia iyo erTader-

Ti, romelmac gulwrfelad daisaxa Cveni qveynis gaerTiane-

ba Tavisi politikis prioritetad. amitom misi wevroba

mominda, magram Sumaxerma mirCia, nu izamo: mirCevnia, ra-

dioSi social-demokratebis kvotas ar migaTvalono.

berlinSi vili brandtis saarCevno kampania partiis

TavmjdomareobisTvis, franc noimanis winaaRmdeg, bor-

ZikiT mimdinareobda, me mas bonidan vakvirdebodi, maSin

gavicani brandti Soridan. igi `didi meris~ ernst roite-

ris axalgazrda megobrad iTvleboda. orive emigraciidan

akvirdeboda `raixis~ dacemas. orive ufro met simpatias

gamoxatavda amerikis mimarT, vidre social-demokratiu-

li partiis xelmZRvaneloba bonSi. orive ufro gaxsnili,

Ria iyo, vidre Sumaxeri. 1953 wlis dasawyisSi rodesac

riaS-is mTavari redaqtori gavxdi, roiters xSirad vxvde-

bodi. vmsjelobdiT xolme mas da bonSi social-demokra-

tiuli partiis xelmZRvanelobas Soris sagareo poli-

tikis sakiTxebSi arsebul daZabulobaze. STabeWdileba

mrCeboda, rom iziarebda Cems rCevas, partiis Tavmjdo-

mareobisTvis ebrZola. SevTanxmdiT, saubari kvlav gagve-

grZelebina. samwuxarod, SeTanxmeba fuWi aRmoCnda, rad-

gan 1953 wlis Semodgomaze uecrad gardaicvala.

roiteris gardacvalebis Semdeg brandti CemTvis `mis-

ter berlini~ gaxda, ara bundestagSi misi gamosvlebis Si-

naarsis, aramed misi uSualo saubris gamo, romelsac bun-

dovani partiuli ritorikis araferi ecxo. es gaxldaT

kaci, romelsac mzera aRmosavleTiskenac miepyro, maSin,

22

roca bonelebi sul ufro da ufro dasavleTisken iyure-

bodnen da moqmedebdnen. isev movindome misi partiis we-

vri gavmxdariyavi. bundestagis restoranSi Sevxvdi, rom

misi azri momesmina. `bonSi miRebuli mTeli gamocdile-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT mivxvdi, rom es aris erTaderTi par-

tia, romelsac marTlac swadia qveynis gaerTianeba~, ase

davasabuTe Cemi survili. maSinve CamixSo vneba: `gadaWar-

bebuli warmodgena gaqvT partiis wevrobiT gavlenis

moxdenis SesaZleblobaze~. xandaxan garedan gamoxatuli

poziciiT mets miaRwev, vidre SigniT yofniTo. ase rom

meored gamomistumres uariT.

23

Sesasvleli bileTi

Sumaxeris gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1952 wels, memkvidred

misi moadgilis -erix olenhaueris arCeva droebiT movle-

nad aRiqmeboda. londonis emigraciidan dabrunebuli es

alali demokrati adenauerisTvis namdvilad ar warmoad-

genda safrTxes. qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-so-

cialuri partiebis gaerTianebam plakatebs daawera:

`mTavari kancleria~. social-demokratebma am lozungs

daupirispires: `olenhaueri adenaueris nacvlad~ da, si-

namdvileSi, adenauers uwevdnen reklamas. ormocdaaTiani

wlebis SuaSi misi epoqis dasasruli jer ar Canda. qdk/

qsk gaerTianebaSi jer ar gamokveTiliyo misi memkvidre,

xolo ekonomikuri saswaulis mamas, ludvig erhards ade-

nauerma aseTi ganaCeni gamoutana: `aba scadeT da pudingi

miaWedeT kedelze~.

olenhaueris Semdeg social-demokratiul partiaSi

oTx saxelze msjelobdnen. eseni iyvnen: karlo Smidi, ro-

melmac konstitucias daaCnia didi kvali, fraqciis Ta-

vmjdomare friTc erleri da Semdeg modioda ori saxe-

li – asakobrivi ierarqiiT bonel Jurnalistebs manamde

naklebad rom moxvedrodaT TvalSi – brandti da Smidti.

erlerma karlo Smidts, bundestagis gamorCeul, brwyin-

vale orators, uwoda kaci, romelsac didi momavali ukve

24

ukan moetovebina. asaxelebdnen kidev erTs – herbert

veners; mas zurgs umagrebda xelSeuxebeli antikomunis-

tis, Sumaxeris rekomendacia, yofili komunisti veneri,

miuxedavad moskovuri warsulisa, WeSmarit social-de-

mokratad gadaiqcao, Tumca swored misi warsuli xdida

partiis Tavmjdomareobas SeuZlebels.

olenhaueris mier ungreTis 1956 wlis ajanyebaze gake-

Tebuli suleluri komentaris Semdeg brandts momava-

li wlis arCevnebze misi partiis saSineli damarcxeba

vuwinaswarmetyvele da kidev erTxel daviJine, amJamad

bundestagis restornis terasaze, partiaSi unda Semo-

vide-meTqi. `visac rCeva ar esmis, araferi eSveleba~,

gaicina man Tanxmobis niSnad. ase gavxdi 1956 wels par-

tiis wevri. brandtisTvis es did risks ar warmoadgenda.

Cemi komentarebi radioSi, ramdenadac misTvis cnobili

iyo, kargad esadageboda mis ambiciur warmodgenas Tav-

dajerebul sagareo politikaze. es `mziTvad~ mivitane.

brandtma damisaxela misamarTi berlinSi, romelic par-

tiuli wignakisTvis damWirdeboda rogorc bonel kores-

pondents. mogvianebiT aRmovaCine, rom hainrix albert-

cis misamarTi moucia.

Cemi, rogorc social-demokratiuli partiis axalga-

momcxvari wevris savizito baraTad iqca sityva, romelic

berlinis celendorfis olqSi 1957 wlis ianvarSi war-

movTqvi, olqis delegatebis Sekrebaze. rogorc `ara da-

badebiT social-demokratma, aramed mogvianebiT Camoya-

libebulma~, vaRiare, rom miWirda mimarTva `amxanagoTi~,

radgan vfiqrobdi, es sityva uazro tradicionalizmad

ar unda qceuliyo, aramed unda gaeTavisebina politiku-

ri ojaxis kuTvnilebis gancdas.

25

Sida politikuri situaciis daxasiaTebis Semdeg

vTqvi: `partiaSi Sevedi ara sazogadoebis Sesacvlelad,

aramed imisTvis, rom partiis sagareo politika Sevcva-

lo~. `social-demokratiulma partiam unda Seitanos

wvli li eris cnebis mimarT germanelTa SeboWili damo-

kidebulebis daZlevaSi~. `yvela im danaSaulis gaTvalis-

winebiT, romlebic eris saxeliT sxva xalxebisa da saku-

Tari xalxis mimarT ganxorcielda, ar unda davuSvaT

eris cnebis uaryofa~. `damwvar bavSvs eSinia cecxlis,

magram cxel saWmelze mTeli cxovreba xom ver ityvis

uars. sanam germania gayofilia, Cven eri ara varT. erze

uaris Tqma gaerTianebaze uaris Tqmas niSnavs. es iqnebo-

da Cveni xalxis TviTmkvleloba da demokratiis Ralati;

radgan demokratia dasruldeba, Tuki gaerTianebis ideas

ver gaumkvlavdeba~.

Semdeg pirvelad warvadgine Tanmimdevrulad sagareo

politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. Cemi maSindeli ga-

mosvlidan qvemoT moyvanili azrebi warmoaCens ganmuxt-

vis grZelvadiani politikis mimarT srul Tanmimdevru-

lobas da Sinagan simtkices: `aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs

Soris ar unda mivdioT aiwona-daiwonas politikas... Cve-

ni dasavleli mezoblebis mxardaWeris gareSe saerTod

SeuZlebelia germaniis sagareo politikis ganxorcieleba

... komunizmma, rogorc ideologiam, Tavisi dro moWama ...

ruseTis saxelmwifo interesebma, roca saqme saqmeze mid-

ga, ruseTis ideologiur interesebs gadaaswro ... Cveni

usafrTxoeba Zevs amerikis mier mocemul garantiaSi ...

nato unda moqmedebdes, sanam mas iseTive usafrTxoebis

ukeTesi meqanizmi Secvlides ... gaerTianebis fasad unda

ganvixiloT aliansis wevrebis atomur SeiaraRebaze da-

Tanxmeba da mxolod gaerTianebuli germaniis saxeliT

26

aviRoT atomur iaraRze uaris Tqmis valdebuleba... usa-

frTxoebis nebismieri xelSekruleba, romelic moicavs

aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs da amerikis yofnas konti-

nentze, dasaSvebia ... germaniis omis Semdgomi politikis

axal fazas ewodeba aRmosavleTis politika~.

brandts arasodes ukamaTia CemTan am gamosvlaze. man

icoda teqsti, romelic, simwvavis gamo, mxolod orga-

nizatorebisTvis mqonda gagzavnili. Sesabamisad, icoda,

ra vTqvi da ras vfiqrobdi. Semdgomi aTwleulebis man-

Zilze, praqtikul saqmianobaSi, Cven Soris politikis

mimarTulebaze kamaTi ar yofila. Tu SemekiTxebiT, ro-

gor vaaxloebdiT gansxvavebul poziciebsa da gadawy-

vetilebis alternatiul SesaZleblobebs da xandaxan

mainc Tu vewinaaRmdegebodiT erTmaneTs, SemiZlia gipa-

suxoT: aseTi ram ar momxdara. gvisaubria taqtikur mi-

zanSewonilobaze, sasargeblo Tu zedmet argumentebze

gamosvlis an dokumentis werisas. umetesad, vendobodi

mis Seudareb lad did gamocdilebas, magram masac SeeZlo

sxvebis argumenti gaeziarebina. didi xani damWirda, sanam

srulad gavicnobiere Cveni saerTo TvalTaxedva. wlebis

ganmavlobaSi es ise daixvewa, rom, sxvebis TandaswrebiT,

misi Tavis moZraobaze Tu warbis awevaze vxvdebodi, ras

fiqrobda. politikuri mimarTuleba iyo swori. moulod-

neli siurprizebi ar meloda.

1957 wlis oqtomberSi, Cemi gamosvlidan naxevari wlis

Semdeg, vili brandtis berlinis mmarTvel merad arCevas,

bonidan zerelad vadevnebdi Tvals. Tumca, misi sagareo

politikuri mniSvnelobis zrda Cemze STabeWdilebas

axdenda. vaRiarebdi, rasac miaRwia berlinisTvis. gu-

lwrfeli aRfrTovanebiT Sevcqerodi, magram wamiT ar

gamivlia TavSi, rom rodesme masTan vimuSavebdi. arc fe-

27

deralur mTavrobaSi ufiqria vinmes gansakuTrebulad,

rom gamoCnda kaci, romlisTvisac angariSi unda gaewiaT.

adenauersac ki.

1959 wels federalurma mTavrobam gadawyvita, ganvi-

Tarebad qveynebSi ganTavsebul Cvens saelCoebSi ramdenime

Jurnalisti mievlina. 1958 wels xruSCovis ultimatumis

Semdeg, romliTac man dasavleT belinis `Tavisufal qa-

laqad~ aRiareba da dasavleli mekavSireebis jarebis gay-

vana moiTxova, dasavleTs gdr-is araRiarebisTvis unda

emuSava am saxelmwifoebSi. me damniSnes ganaSi dasavleT

afrikis regionalur rwmuneblad. dabrunebisas sagareo

saqmeTa ministrma hainrix fon brentanom (qdk) sagareo

saqmeTa uwyebaSi darCena SemomTavaza. TiTqmis imave

dros SemomTavaza henri nanenma uaRresad momxibvleli

ram – misi moadgilis rangSi memuSava Jurnal `Sternis~

politikur gamocemad gardaqmnaze (mecamete xelfasi sa-

Sobaod, meToTxmete xelfasi SvebulebisTvis, samsaxuris

manqana da saxli). sanam CemTvis vbWobdi, berlinis fede-

ralurma senatorma giunter klainma damireka: mmarTvel

mers surs gagesaubroTo.

brandts bundestagis foieSi Sevxvdi dilis aT saaTze

– misTvis, rogorc mogvianebiT gavige, es dro TiTqmis

SuaRames udrida. arc davmsxdarvarT, mokled mkiTxa,

Cemi presis ganyofilebis ufrosi xom ar gaxdebodio.

erTi wamic ar miyoymania, ise daveTanxme. danaCeni CdS-

sTan gaarkvieo. `vin aris da ra aris CdS?~ `senatis kance-

lariis Sefi. mTavaria, mas mourigdeT~. vkiTxe, axla vin

aris am postze-meTqi. `pensiaze gadis~. `rodis daviwyo

muSaoba berlinSi?~ `rac SeiZleba, male~. saubari sami

wuTic ar gagrZelebula. xandaxan ra swrafad miiReba

mTeli momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli gadawyvetile-

28

bebi. kancelariis Sefi hainrix albertci aRmoCnda. mas-

Tan SevaTanxme detalebi da berlinis senatis presisa da

informaciis samsaxuris ufrosad dawyebis TariRi – 1960

wlis pirveli Tebervali.

29

jer erTmaneTis gverdiT,

Semdeg erTmaneTTan erTad

samsaxuris dawyebidan oriode dReSi Sedga Cveni pirve-

li kerZo saubari. gvian saRamos marto aRmovCndi uzar-

mazar sawer magidasTan mjdomi brandtis pirispir. `kacma

rom Tqvas, erTmaneTs wesierad arc ki vicnobT~, iyo Cemi

pirveli winadadeba. am uwyinarma frazam saxe gauxeva.

fxukiani unda yofiliyo, rom Cemi naTqvami daaxloebis

utifar mcdelobad aReqva. misi mwyrali mimika CemTvis

adgilis miCenis tolfasi iyo. mxolod maSin molba, roca

davamate: `me Tqven yovelTvis getyviT, rasac gavifiqreb,

gindac ar mogewonoT~. Semawyvetina: `Zalian cudi saTq-

meli Tu geqnebaT, gTxovT, mxolod maSin miTxraT, roca

martoni viqnebiT~. Cemi pasuxi: `Tqveni gadawyvetilebebi

Seuvali iqneba, mTavaria, sindiss ar ewinaaRmdegebodes~.

sakiTxi ase arasdros dasmula.

mas maSin miuaxlovdebodi, Zalian miaxlovebas Tu ar

Seecdebodi. pativiscema im sazRvris mimarT, romliTac

Tavis yvelaze piraduls icavda, droTa ganmavlobaSi Cem-

Tvis TavisTavad cxadi gaxda, misTvis ki garantia, rom

yovelTvis Tavad gadawyvetda, ramdenad gamexsneboda.

arasodes mikiTxavs rame piraduli, Tu Tavad ar wamoiw-

yebda saubars, Tumca, raRac-raRacebi mainteresebda.

30

presaSi moaruli Worebic tabud darCa. Cven Soris mzar-

di ndobis saidumloeba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom arcerT

Cvengans ar gvicdia rodesme, yvelaze dafaruli `me~-s

mesaidumle gavmxdariyaviT.

im kacis avtoritets, romelmac brwyinvaled moigo

arCevnebi berlinSi da warmatebiT moiara msoflio, xom

SeiZleboda daeTrgune. igi iaponiis imperatorma hirohi-

tom, indoeTis premier-ministrma nerum, gaeros genera-

lurma mdivanma hamarskioldma da prezidentma aizen-

hauerma miiRes; niu iorkSi namdvili aRlumi mouwyves.

amas emateboda Cemi, rogorc Jurnalistis wuxilic, uceb

rom aRar mqonda sakuTari saTqmelis gamoxatvis ufleba,

Tanac pasuxismgebeli viyavi imaze, rasac berlinis sena-

tis saxeliT vacxadebdi. TavSi es azri mitrialebda –

xom ar aRmovCndebodi misi gavlenis qveS da davkargavdi

sakuTar stils – TanamSromlobis ganmavlobaSi Tanda-

TanobiT mivxvdi, rom Cemi wuxili usafuZvlo iyo.

dokumentis Sinaars Sefi gansazRvravda. rodesac

frazebs vxvewdiT da Cems rTul winadadebebs umowy-

alod anawevrebda, mivxvdi, rom mmarTveli meri kargi

redaqtori iqneboda. Cemda samarcxvinod, uazro wina-

dadeba Tu gamepareboda, ubralod ityoda xolme `aseve

darCes~. swored am gamoTqmebs mohyveboda xolme yvelaze

mquxare taSi. Cvens sawer magidebs Soris aqeT-iqiT mo-

siarule xelnawerebze muSaobisas, ise xvewda stils da

Tanac, Tavisi mwvane melniT sityvebs ki ar cvlida, ara-

med gaxazavda xolme an kiTxvis niSans dausvamda. Semdeg

vmsjelobdiT da vayalibebdiT saboloo versias. uTva-

lavjer gvisaubria da orive gavuSinaurdiT erTmaneTs

azrovnebis TvalsazrisiT, ukeT gvesmoda erTmaneTis,

vcdilobdiT saerTo ZalisxmeviT dagvemarcxebina SiSe-

31

bi, dagvesaxa imedebi, gegmebi, mokle da grZelvadiani

miznebi gagvexorcielebina. brandti darwmunda, rom me

mxolod masTan da misTvis vmuSaobdi. veravin ver Cawvda

am partniorobas rihard fon vaiczekerze ukeT, romel-

mac erTxel Tqva: `vili brandti da egon bari – es gaxl-

daT sanimuSo TanamSromloba ori sruliad gansxvavebuli

pirovnebisa. urTierTdaxmarebiT maT miaRwies sakuTari

niWis srul gafurCqvnas~.

brandti saxelmwifos umaRlesi Tanamdebobis kandi-

datobaze ki fiqrobda, magram, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar

surda amisTvis brZola. albertci da me skeptikurad

vuyurebdiT am ambavs, vfiqrobdiT, rom naadrevi iyo da

Zeglad qceuli adenaueris winaaRmdeg naklebi iyo war-

matebis Sansi. Tumca rodesac SesTavazes – da raxan am

SeTavazebas eloda – TiTqos tvirTi moexsnao, ise dae-

Tanxma. berlinSi misi `mafia~ mxolod imazeRa fiqrobda,

ra iqneboda moqmedebis saukeTeso gegma.

hanoverSi 1960 wlis partiulma yrilobam bevri poli-

tikuri da piraduli siaxlis mowme gagvxada. pirvelad

airCia partiam `kanclerobis kandidati~, maSin, roca par-

tiis arCeulma Tavmjdomarem, erix olenhauerma Tanamde-

boba SeinarCuna. klaus SuTcma ubralod moipara es idea

aSS-sgan, sadac prezidentobis kandidat kenedis saarCev-

no kampanias akvirdeboda.

brandtma Tavis sakandidato gamosvlaSi partiis

erovnul tradiciaze gaamaxvila yuradReba da erTma-

neTis gverdiT daasaxela iseTi moRvaweni, rogorebicaa

oto fon bismarki da august bebeli, fridrix eberti da

gustav Strezemani, iulius leberi da klaus grafi fon

Staufenbergi, ernst roiteri da Teodor hoisi, rac ma-

Sin gambedaobas moiTxovda. sami wlis Semdeg, tutcingis

32

cnobil Sekrebaze, ideas, saxelebis saSualebiT Cavwvdo-

modiT Cvens rTul samSoblos, Turme gvariani Sesworeba

eloda. maSin ase iTqva: `bismarki da bebeli namdvilad

unda vaxsenoT, hindenburgi da ebertic, giordeleri da

leberic, adenaueri da Sumaxeric, magram, aseve, hitleri

da ulbrixtic~.

brandtma hanoverSi ganacxada, rom ar apirebda partiis

yrilobis gadawyvetilebebis usityvod ganmxorcielebeli

gamxdariyo da yvela valdebuleba Seesrulebina germanias,

rasac nato wevrebs avaldebulebda. manamde olenhauerma

uari ganacxada bundesveris atomur SeiaraRebaze. kandi-

dats ki swored es ar gamouricxavs. rodesac erTad vam-

zadebdiT mis gamosvlas, brandtma Tvali Camikra: `adre

xom SesaZleblad migaCndaT~. ar daviwyeboda oTxi wlis

winaT celendorfSi naTqvami Cemi sityvebi. saRamos ki par-

tiis yrilobis darbazidan rom gamovdiodiT, mxarze xeli

damado da miTxra: `mgoni, SeiZleba SenobiT vilaparakoT~.

mesiamovna. oficialurad isev TqvenobiT mivmarTavdiT

erTmaneTs, merec, pale SaumburgSic ki. pativiscema misi

poziciis mimarT krZalavda Sinaurul formas da brandts

Camouyaliba Tvalsazrisi, rom arc erT partias ar unda

egonos, rom saxelmwifo mas ekuTvnis.

klaus Sutcis mier axladarCeuli kandidatisTvis mom-

zadebul saarCevno kampaniaSi brandtma Zala, energia da

brwyinvale gamZleoba gamoavlina. saarCevno oromtriali

kandidats sindisis qenjnisgan aTavisuflebda, sawer ma-

gidasTan rom ar ijda da qaRaldebSi qeqvas ver axerxeb-

da. amomrCevlisTvis gankuTvnil gzavnilebs laparakis

drosac ki xvewda. `mentaluri higiena mikrZalavs, sul

erTi da igive sityva moviSvelio~, gveubneboda igi. amis

momswre Semdeg aTwleulebSic bevrjer gavmxdarvar.

33

igi argumentebis Tanmimdevrobas gadaawyobda xolme,

sisxartes sZenda, aumjobesebda da darwmunebuli iyo,

rom esesaa Tavisi saukeTeso saarCevno sityva warmoTqva.

misi erT-erTi, maSin Zalian aqtualuri slogani, gaxldaT

`ruris auzis Tavze ca isev lurji unda gaxdes!~ sityva

`garemo~ maSin jer modaSi ar Semosuliyo.

*

yvela adamiani pativmoyvarea. xelovnebisa da poli-

tikis samyaroSi, sadac sajaro gavlenaze moTxovnaa da

igi ganisazRvreba kidec, es Tviseba ufro metad Cans,

vidre ekonomikaSi, sadac zogierTi simpatiuri moRvawe

gavlenas malavs kidec. mokled, me vaRiareb Cems pativ-

moyvareobas: msiamovnebda SefTan uSualo urTierToba.

msiamovnebda, rom brandts, hainrix albertcs, federa-

lur senator klaus Sutcs da me ukve `wminda ojaxs~

gveZaxdnen. garda amisa, vamCnevdi, rom im senatorebze,

romlebTanac Jurnalistebs metad rTulad exerxebodaT

Sexvedra, me mirekavdnen da mTavari redaqtorebic azrs

mekiTxebodnen da Cemi Sefasebebis saidumlod Senaxvas

mpirdebodnen. Zalian msiamovnebda, roca `Cems~ mZRols,

romelic male ojaxis wevri gaxda, saRamos mivyavdi da-

laqTan. samsaxuris gamo, samuSao saaTebSi masTan misvlas

ver vaxerxebdi. da SemeZlo memuSava mSvidad gvianobamde,

vicodi, rom Cems meuRles miakiTxavdnen. mosaxerxebelia,

roca manqanis gasaCerebel adgils ar eZeb da RonisZie-

bis damTavrebisTanave SegiZlia Sin waxvide. sajaro sam-

saxurSi karg xelfass ar gixdian, magram maRali Tanamde-

boba araCveulebriv momsaxurebas gTavazobs.

34

yovelive es male wesad damkvidrda da 35 weli vsarge-

blobdi am sikeTiT. ukan rom vixedebi, vaRiareb Zalau-

flebiT gamowveul miamiturad pativmoyvarul grZnobe-

bs da fulis gankargvis uflebiT gancdil kmayofilebas.

parlamenti mandobda saxsrebs. SemeZlo ganacxadebisTvis

gamomeyo Tanxa an uari meTqva da mniSvnelovani proe-

qtebi wamomewyo. fulis Zalauflebas gavlenis moxdena

SeuZlia. ramdenad ganusazRvrelia politikuri Zalau-

fleba, romelsac xalxTa Tanacxovrebis Secvla SeuZlia,

mxolod mogvianebiT gavige.

Zalaufleba da pativmoyvareoba tyupiscalebi arian.

brandts siamovnebda, roca niu iorkSi policieli `mai-

ors~ policiuri salmiT egebeboda, Tumca Caiburtyuneb-

da xolme: `aqac ver mivaRwie anonimurobas~. berlinSi ki

sircxviliT vaRiarebdi, rom mmarTvelma merma ise Sei-

sisxlxorca Tavisi mdgomareoba, rom pativmoyvareobis

niSan-wyalsac ki aRar avlenda. es stadia ukve ukan moe-

tovebina.

fulis mimarT, rogorc kerZo pirs, brandts ucnaurad

distancirebuli da suverenuli damokidebuleba hqon-

da. arasodes minaxavs mis xelSi safule. Tavis sayvarel

restoranSi rom midioda, angariSs meriaSi agzavninebda.

erTxel, amerikaSi wasvlis win vkiTxe, xom ar ginda hono-

rariani gamosvla mogiwyo, barem ruTsac wamoiyvan-meTqi.

Sexseneba, rom britaneTis mTavroba sakuTar maRali Ta-

namdebobis pirebsac uxdis meuRleebis mgzavrobis fuls-

meTqi, misTvis damarwmunebeli ver aRmoCnda. misi survi-

li mxolod sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis Cveni firmis

meSveobiT SeiZleboda Sesrulebuliyo, romelic patara

biujetiT da didi ambiciiT waradgenda berlins ameri-

kaSi.

35

am firmis Sefi roi blumenTali manamde federaluri

mTavrobisTvis muSaobda da niu iorkSi, `valdorf-as-

toriaSi~ adenaueris Sexvedra david ben-gurionTan misi

mowyobili gaxldaT. brandti da me winaswar davrwmun-

diT, iqneboda Tu ara am saagentosTvis 500 000 dolaris

gadaxda gamarTlebuli. ar gvinania. roi liberali iyo,

magram mixvda, rom germaniis federaciuli respublikis

beds momavalSi ori uniWieresi adamiani – brandti da

Strausi gadawyvetdnen. amerikis interesebSi iyo berli-

nis mers daxmareboda. amitomac moaxerxa da brandti 1962

wlis Semodgomaze ori leqciis wasakiTxad miipatiJes

harvardis universitetSi; Semdeg ki TeTr saxlSi hqonda

Sexvedra, sadac brandtma gaimeora harvardSi gamosvli-

sas wardgenili mosazrebebi `Tanacxovrebis Sesaxeb, ro-

melic gabedulebas gaiZulebs~, rac imas gulisxmobda,

rom mSvidobis cneba aRmosavleTisTvis ar unda gadagve-

barebina. kenedim icoda brandtis wakiTxuli leqciebis

Sesaxeb da igi Seaguliana. vaSingtons yelSi amosvloda

bonis mier yvelafris dablokva da, amave dros, sakuTari

winadadebebis ararseboba.

`mmarTvelis~ rangSi Tavmdabal brandts finansebis

sakiTxis sakuTar xelSi aRebac uwevda. kedlis aSenebis

Semdeg kidev ufro zusti angariSi moeTxoveboda. radgan

didma firmebma, SiSis gamo, TavianTi centraluri ofise-

bi federaciuli respublikis samxreTsa da dasavleTSi

gadaitanes, berlinis sagadasaxado Semosavali ZlivsRa

swvdeboda moxeleebis da mosamsaxureebis xelfasebs. yve-

laferi danarCeni, riTic sazrdoobs qalaqis cxovreba,

mSenebloba iqneboda es Tu kulturis kerebi, bons unda

uzrunveleyo. da bonic ixdida, specialuri gadasaxade-

bis dawesebiTa da sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis gziT.

36

gagvexarda, rom aqsel Springerma isargebla sagada-

saxado SeRavaTiT da kedelTan axlos aRmarTa Tavisi

beWdviTi koncernis impozanturi Senoba. im axalgazrde-

bis berlinSi dafuZneba, savaldebulo samxedro sam-

saxurebs rom gaurbodnen, sakmarisi ar iyo dasavleTis-

ken gadasulebis dasabalanseblad. senats statistikis

gayalbeba uwevda (statistikisTvis es ucxo xili ar

aris), rom berlinis mosaxleobis magiuri ormilioniani

ricxvi SeenarCunebina. gaberili sajaro samsaxuri amiT

ar Semsubuqebula, Zalian zustad unda dagveTvala fuli

da helmut Smidtis Tavxeduri naTqvami, berlinelebma mi-

lions da miliards Soris gansxvaveba ar iciano, gvwyinda,

radgan simarTles ar Seesabameboda.

senati bonidan iRebda fuls, rom berlini kultu-

rulad mimzidveli gaexada mTeli msofliodan Camosu-

li stumrebisTvis. yofilma diplomatma Separd stounma,

fordis fondis saSualebiT, Tavisufali universite-

tisTvis, germanuli operisTvis da sxva kulturuli da

samecniero dawesebulebebisTvis Semowirulobebi Sea-

grova. kompozitorma nikolas nabokovma, festivalis

xelmZRvanelis rangSi, Sprees napirze saintereso xelo-

vanebi moizida. saerTaSoriso rangis varskvlavebs enTu-

ziazmiT vegebebodiT.

kinofestivalis farglebSi gamarTul vaxSamze ame-

rikeli msaxiobis, jein raselis gverdiT vijeqi da sain-

teresod visaubreT. bevrad didi STabedileba moaxdina

Cemze marlene ditrixma, romelzec vgiJdebodi. igi 1960

wels omis Semdeg pirvelad Camovida Tavis mSobliur qa-

laqSi. brandtis survili gaxldaT, rom qalaqis oqros

wignSi gaekeTebina Canaweri. brandti im adamianebTan, vinc

mis msgavsad gaiares winaaRmdegobis gza, did siaxloves

37

grZnobda. me wilad mxvda bedniereba, TxuTmeti wuTi

pirispir mesaubra marlenesTan, radgan brandti viRa-

cam Caigdo xelSi da dakavebuli iyo. misi mSveniereba

ar Camqraliyo, Tumca SevamCnie, xelebi dabereboda. `Sag

mir, wo die Blumen sind~ CemTvis ukvdavi simReraa. albaT

sasiamovno mogonebad darCeboda mas titania-palastSi

koncertis Semdeg gamarTuli ovaciebi, roca es simRera

germanulad Seasrula. `pativcemul vili brandts~ weri-

liT gadauxada madloba: `Tqveni marlene ditrixi~.

*

1961 wlis 10 maiss brandtis TanamSromlis poziciidan

mis mrCevlad davwinaurdi. osloSi natos sagazafxulo

sxdomis komunikeSi Sedioda formulirebebi, romlebic

manamde arsebul dausabuTebel pirad SiSs dasavleTis

oficialur poziciad acxadebda. masSi aRar ixsenieboda

qalaqis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis statusi, aramed – Ta-

visufali mimosvlis gverdiT – gamoTqmuli iyo garan-

tia `dasavleTis sami seqtoris sicocxlisunarianobis

Sesaxeb~. SeSfoTebulma mivirbine brandtTan, teqsti win

davude da vuTxari: `faqtiurad, es aris mosawvevi sabWo-

Ta kavSirisTvis, rom rac undaT, is gaakeTon TavianT

seqtorSi~. komunike magonebda sami dasavluri Zalis da

bonis memorandums, romelic avstriis federalurma kan-

clerma, bruno kraickim miiRo 1960 wels sabWoTa kavSi-

ris sagareo saqmeTa ministris andrei gromikosgan da

venaSi yofnisas wamakiTxa. es dokumenti safuZvelSive ga-

moxatavda sabWoTa kavSiris interess, `am sivrceSi~ dae-

myarebina stabiluroba da ukidures SemTxvevaSi, daedo

38

samSvidobo xelSekruleba gdr-Tan. brandtma gadawyvita

sagareo saqmeTa ministr brentanosTvis oTxi gamarjvebu-

li Zalis konferencia SeeTavazebina. igi xelmZRvanelob-

da mosazrebiT, rom sanam molaparakebebi mimdinareob-

da, aRmosavleTi calmxriv RonisZiebebs ar gaatarebda.

samwuxarod, brentanom uari ganucxada. Cven veTanxmebo-

diT erTmaneTs, rom qalaqis mxolod dasavleT nawilis

Sesaxeb arsebuli nebismieri xelSekruleba gdr-is de

faqto aRiarebas mxolod drois sakiTxad aqcevda.

Sionebergis ratuSaSi 1961 wlis ivnisSi 20 000 ltol-

vili aRvricxeT, xolo ivlisSi 30 000. kedlis aSenebis

wina saRamos vili brandtma niurnbergSi, federaluri

saarCevno kampaniis dawyebisas gaaxmaura mdgomareobis

Cveneuli Sefaseba: `am saRamos, 12 agvistos, berlinSi am

Tvis 17000-e ltolvili Semova. pirvelad mogviwevs 24 saa-

Tis ganmavlobaSi 2500 ltolvilis miReba. ratom moiweven

es adamianebi? romelma SiSma daZra es talRa? pasuxi am

kiTxvaze Semdegia: radgan sabWoTa kavSiri Cveni xalxis

winaaRmdeg SetevisTvis emzadeba da mciredni Tu acno-

biereben mis seriozulobas. radgan zonaSi adamianebs eS-

iniaT, rom rkinis fardis marwuxebi Cabetondeba. radgan

SiSiT Zrwian, rom gigantur sapyrobileSi gamoemwydevian.

radgan saSinlad tanjavT gancda, rom maT daiviwyeben, Ca-

moweren da msxverplad Seswiraven gulgrilobisa da xe-

lidan gaSvebuli Sansebis sakurTxevelze~. misi gamosvla

gawonasworebuli unda yofiliyo. arc unda gaebiabruebi-

na mdgomareoba da arc gaqcevisken moewodebina.

39

1961 wlis 13 agvisto

rodesac krizisi dadga, brandti mowodebis simaRleze

aRmoCnda. niurnbergSi misi gamosvlis Semdeg daiwyo mo-

salodneli, magram, amave dros, warmoudgeneli `cal-

mxrivi RonisZieba~. brandts es ambavi niurnbergidan

ki lisken mimaval Ramis matarebelSi daewia. matarebli-

dan Camovida, hanoveridan berlinSi Cafrinda da maSinve

brandenburgis karibWisken gaemarTa. iq igi gaxda berli-

nelebis usaSvelo aRSfoTebisa da brazis mowme. Semdeg

Tavis sicocxleSi pirvelad (da ukanasknelad) mivida me-

kavSireebis komendanturaSi, sadac daxvdnen moxeleebi,

romelTac aranairi miTiTeba ar hqondaT miRebuli. maT

ufrosebs TavianTi dedaqalaqebi SabaT-kviris gasatare-

blad daetovebinaT. ukanaskneli sabWoTa komendantis

fotosuraTi jer kidev kedelze ekida. brandtma, TiTqos

is yofiliyos miTiTebebze uflebamosili, qalaqis samive

komendants, romlebic, xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixed-

viT, qalaqis mesveurebs warmoadgendnen, sakmaod mkacrad

mosTxova, jipebi mainc gaatareT quCebSi, rom berline-

lebs ar egonoT, ukve migvatoveso. ratuSaSi uSveri sity-

vebiT aginebda `im damplebs~, romelTac bolos da bolos

Seismines da jipebi mainc gauSves qalaqSi.

40

brandtma yvelanairi protokolis darRveviT, pir-

dapir prezident kenedis miswera mkvaxe, SemanjRreveli

werili, sadac sTavazobda gaeZlierebina amerikuli gar-

nizoni, rac momaval sam dReSi marTlac ganxorcielda.

jer kenedis pasuxi ar icoda, ise daniSna mitingi Sione-

bergis ratuSis win, raTa gamwarebuli da aRSfoTebuli

moqalaqeebisTvis miemarTa, sxva araferi SeeZlo, Tan,

arc is icoda, ra unda eTqva. erTad vmsjelobdiT, rogor

gamosuliyo sityviT am uaRresad feTqebad mdgomareoba-

Si; moedanze mozRvavebuli xalxis SemaSfoTebeli xmauri

Cvenamde ukve aRwevda. bolos da bolos raRac movifiqre

dasawyisisTvis da mere nawil-nawil vawodebdi gamosvlis

teqsts. bolo gverdebi sawer magidaze davude. aCqarebiT

daswvda, redaqtirebis droc aRar hqonda. me mis kabinet-

Si davrCi, pasuxismgeblobisgan makankalebda, Tanac misma

ndobam gamaogna. mosamagreblad koniaki davisxi da mxo-

lod maSin davwynardi, roca pirveli taSi momesma. msga-

vsi emociebi adamianebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs. brandti

dabrunda. araferi uTqvams. mxolod mas ar moexsna lodi

gulidan. me Sevicani misi Zlevamosileba, misi Tavdadeba.

rac uf ro kuTxeSi aRmoCndeboda mimwyvdeuli, miT metad

emateboda gambedaoba.

misma gambedaobam kidev erTxel aRmafrTovana, ro-

desac 1969 wels, arCevnebis Rames gadawyvita valter

SeelisTvis daereka da social-liberalur koaliciaze

molaparakeboda. igive ganmeorda, rodesac misi pirve-

li samTavrobo gancxadebis sagareo politikis nawilze

vmsjelobdiT. `did Temebs rom SeeWidebi, gulisTqmas

ar unda ahyve, sakuTar Tavs unda ajobo~, Tqva man da

miuxedavad Cemi WoWmanisa, mxari dauWira Seelis ideas,

daemsxvria tabu da gdr-isTvis ewodebina saxelmwifo,

41

romelic CvenTvis verafriT iqneboda sazRvargareTi.

am formulam, rogorc mogvianebiT SevityveT, moskovs

seriozuli molaparakebebisken ubiZga. an Tundac 1972

wels, rodesac saparlamento umravlesobis dakargvis

Semdeg axali arCevnebis Catareba gadawyvita da partiis

wevrebis umravlesobis rCevis sawinaaRmdegod, gdr-is mi-

marT Cveni politikis arc tempi da arc intensivoba ar

daugdia. `rodesac darwmunebuli xar, rom samarTliansa

da saWiros akeTeb, jobs afrialebuli droSebiT CaiZiro,

vidre waborZikde~. aseTi iyo misi sityvebi.

pirovnuli sxva Tvisebac axasiaTebda – iolad wyin-

da. Za lian imoqmeda masze, rom adenauerma ise gaagr-

Zela saar Cevno kampania, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos,

arada kede li dRiTi-dRe izrdeboda. adenaueris mier 14

agvistos regensburgSi saarCevno RonisZiebaze urcxvad

naTqvami sami sityva `brandti, igive frami~, mis ukanono

Svilobaze da emigrantebis mimarT zogadad TavSekavebul

damokidebulebaze qaragmulad iyo naTqvami, Tan iseTi

formiT, TiTqos vinme damnaSaves gulisxmobda. am samma

sityvam gulSi daWra kaci, romelic omis dros sxvanai-

ri, ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda da sakuTari nebiT

dabrunda samSobloSi.

kedlis aSenebis wina periodSi brandtis warsuli di-

dad salaparako Tema ar gamxdara. msmenoda, rom mZime

bav Svoba hqonda liubekSi. misi emigraciaSi cxovrebis

periodi mxolod zogadad vicodi: Tundac arcTu usa-

frTxo gaqceva baltiis zRvis gavliT, daniaSi, Semdeg

norvegiaSi gatarebuli wlebi, SvedeTSi Tavis Sefareba

omis dros da araCveulebriv ruTTan, mis meuRlesTan

Sexvedra. germaniaSi norvegiuli samxedro uniformiT

dabrunda, Tumca, es maSin arc ucnauroba iyo da arc

42

dasaZraxi. sxvebis winaSe amayobda, rom nacional-socia-

lizmis mowinaaRmdege iyo. mxolod marto yofnisas ga-

daaqnevda xolme Tavs, ukvirda, germaniis federaciulma

respublikam rad ar ixmo ukan emigrantebi. ufro metic,

es dasavleT germaniis Secdomad miaCnda, aRmosavleT

berlins msgavsi Secdoma ar dauSvia. rodesac faSisteb-

ma samarcxvinod CamoarTves mas moqalaqeoba da waarTves

samSoblo, moqalaqeobis aRsadgenad Seitana gancxadeba.

biurokratiuli procedura saocar winaaRmdegobaSi mo-

dioda bunebriv molodinTan, rom kargad miiRebdnen. ra

unda eqna, rom mieRoT da es erwmuna?

ra ar vicodiT Cven: sanam brandti berlinSi ukontro-

lo dapirispirebis da sisxlisRvris aRsakveTad ibrZoda,

adenauerma sabWoTa elCi daibara da daarwmuna, boni su-

lac ar apirebs, mdgomareoba gaamwvavoso. aradiploma-

tiur enaze es niSnavs, moskovs SeuZlia berlinis xmau-

riani meri seriozulad arc miiRoso.

gacofebuli brandti SiSs moggvrida. kategoriulad

ugulebelhyo, roca urCies, am samarcxvino saqciels nu

ahyvebio. magram xelCasaWidad verafers daupirispirebda,

mxolod Tavdacva ki Rirsebas Seulaxavda. franc iozef

Strausma, aseve saarCevno kampaniisas, mzakvrulad da fa-

risevlurad ganacxada, vici, omis dros rasac akeTebdao

(neta marTla icoda?); yoveli dRe Sxamad gveqca, roca

saaTebi iflangeboda diskusiebSi, rogor davpirispire-

bodiT aseT ciliswamebas da eWvebs samarTlebrivi gziT.

asobiT mogebuli procesic ki arafers moitanda. mxdali

naZirlebi zurgSi danas gvirtyamdnen da laTinuri ga-

moTqmis utyuarobaSi gvarwmunebdnen: Semper aliquid haeret. magram sawyenia, roca raRac naleqi rCeba. 1965 wlis war-

matebuli, magram molodinTan SedarebiT mainc wagebuli

43

arCevnebis Semdeg, brandti da misi meuRle ruTi serio-

zulad fiqrobdnen norvegiaSi dabrunebuliyvnen.

visac surs Seicnos brandtis pirovneba, ar unda ga-

morCes mudmivi Wriloba, Tundac igi Sexorcebuli Candes,

rac mas adenaueris sityvebma da Semdeg, aTwleulebis gan-

mavlobaSi, misi warsulis winaaRmdeg warmarTulma kampa-

niebma miayenes. gulqva sulac ar iyo, rom yoveldRiuri

politikuri SemotevebisTvis da siZulviliT savse kampa-

niebisTvis iolad gaeZlo. aseve mwvaved ganicdida, roca

misi vaJebis tolerantul aRzrdaze qilikobdnen. saku-

Tar sust mxareebs ar malavda. swored amaSi mdgomareob-

da misi Rirseba. da swored amiT izidavda adamianebs da

amiT moipova popularoba. brandtis mgrZnobiare buneba

mis Zlier mxared iqca.

Wrilobis nawiburebi aRar stkioda, roca ukanaskne-

lad SevxvdiT. brZola ukve dasrulebuliyo. gardacvlil

federalur kanclers, saukeTeso gagebiT civilur ada-

mians, umaRlesi samxedro pativi miages berlinis raixs-

tagSi – es iyo imis simbolo, rom igi sakuTarma qveyanam

miiRo, zustad ise, rasac TviTon didxans amaod eltvo-

da: Sin dabrunda.

44

Cakiruli gayofa

1945 wlis agvistoSi, is-is iyo Seviswavle axali ambebis

gavrcelebis amerikuli wesi – vin, rodis, rogor, sad da

ra – SeZlebisdagvarad unda warmoCndes pirvelive wina-

dadebaSi. maSin wavikiTxe, rom gamarjvebulebma potsdam-

Si saidumlo Sexvedra gamarTes da germaniis Sesaxeb

xelSekruleba dades. ar gamkvirvebia, rom radioSi arc

Cvenma amerikelma kolegebma icodnen rame da arc da-

marcxebulma germanelebma. saocari Sveba vigrZeni: germa-

nia gauyofeli datoves. warmoebis aRmSeneblobis ufle-

bac ki mogvces, ra Tqma unda, ara iaraRis warmoebis, rac

isedac aravis surda, da davkargeT miwebi oderis iqiTa

mxares – mtkivneuli iyo, magram gasagebi. mmarTveloba

oTx zonad daiyo qveyanaSic da berlinSic, romelic war-

moadgenda oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis pasuxismgeblobis

erTaderT saerTo regions. maT jer kidev ar icodnen,

ramxela tvirTi wamoikides.

veravin ifiqrebda, rom raixis winaaRmdeg omis dros

gaerTianebuli mekavSireebi, Semdgom oTx weliwadSi,

civi omis mowinaaRmdegeni gaxdebodnen da or germa-

nul saxelmwifos daaarsebdnen. veravin ganWvretda, rom

drois imave mokle monakveTSi dedaqalaqi gaiyofoda da

urTierTmuqaris da SantaJis obieqtad iqceoda, da rom

45

saSiSi dapirispireba kulminacias 1961 wlis oqtombris

bolos miaRwevda, srolis surviliT Sepyrobili ameri-

kelebis da sabWoelebis berlinis fridrixStraseze gan-

lagebuli tankebis wyalobiT. oTxi Zalis statusma, ro-

melic germaniaze erToblivi kontrolis instrumentad

iyo Cafiqrebuli, seqtorebis demarkaciis xazebisgan or

sistemas Soris sazRvari Seqmna. politikuri da samxe-

dro TvalsazrisiT iq nato da varSavis xelsekruleba

idga erTmaneTis pirispir. maTi kanonebi amoqmedda da

gamarjvebulebi sakuTari interesebis mZevlebad aqcia.

berlini orive mxarisaTvis zedmeti tvirTi aRmoCnda.

vercerTi miscemda Tavs uflebas, es tvirTi Camoexsna,

Tumca orives SeeZlo misi ganeitraleba ecada. presti-

Ji aiZulebda orive mxares, moendomebinaT, rom berlini

sando, erToblivad garantirebuli stabilurobis kerad

eqciaT.

kedlis aRmarTva civi omis kulminaciad da misi da-

sasrulis dasawyisad iqca, rac maSin ar SeimCneoda. ro-

gor unda gagego, rom 1961 wlis 14 agvitos berlinis

dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken mimarTuli yvela quCa

mavTulxlarTebiT gadaketes da, amave dros, gamoica

gdr-is Sinagan saqmeTa ministris brZaneba, rom dasa-

vleTis sami gamarjvebuli Zalis warmomadgenlebs mxo-

lod sami gasasvleliT SeeZloT esargeblaT da bolos

am samidan mxolod erTi – Carlis gamSvebi punqti darCa

fridrixStraseze? upirveles yovlisa: dasavleTis sami

gamarjvebuli Zala emorCileboda ministris miTiTebas,

romelsac amis ufleba ar gaaCnda da saxelmwifosas, ro-

melic, maTi gagebiT, saerTod ar arsebobda.

osloSi natos sxdomis mogoneba da sabWoTa memoran-

dumi, romelic bruno kraiskim wamakiTxa, mexsierebaSi

46

isev amomitivtivda da usiamovno eWvi gamiCina, rom es

yovelive Cumad xom ar momzadda dasavleTisa da aRmo-

savleTis erToblivi SeTanxmebiT. mas Semdeg, rac xruS-

Covma da kenedim uSedegod mousinjes erTmaneTs kbili

venaSi, jon makkloi, germaniis federaciul respubli-

kaSi aSS-s yofili umaRlesi komisari, yirimSi gafrinda

da xruSCovs CogburTi eTamaSa. netav erTmaneTs imazec

xom ar esaubrnen, rom moesinjaT, rogor SeiZleboda

mSvidobianad moegvarebinaT berlinis sadavo sakiTxi?

savaldebulo SeTanxmebebs ver dadebdnen. magram aRmo-

savleTi 13 agvistos Semdeg sami dRe elodeboda dasa-

vleTis reaqcias, sanam mavTulxlarTebs qviTa da beto-

niT Caanacvlebda da kedlis mSeneblobas daiwyebda. riski

aRar arsebobda.

rodis mixvda kenedi, rom berlinis, samxedro Tval-

sazrisiT dasavleTis yvelaze susti wertilis dacva war-

moudgeneli iyo, magram arc mudmivi politikuri zewo-

la SeiZleboda misadgom gzebze? unda mimxvdariyvnen,

rom ganmuxtvis politikaze moskovi ar wamovidoda, sa-

nam arsebobda aqilevsis qusli – berlini. sapirispirod

aRwera situacia amerikelma istorikosma, houp harison-

ma 2003 wels, mas Semdeg, rac moskovis arqivebi Seiswavla

– rom xruSCovma moatyua ulbrixti. igi mzakvrulad

Sehpirda ulbrixts calke samSvidobo xelSekrulebas da

amave dros misi mTavari mizani iyo stabilurobis miRweva

meore super-saxelmwifosTan. kenedim ki Tavisi warmateba

– berlinis usafrTxoebis xelSeuxebloba – mxolod 1963

wels gamoxata SeZaxiliT `ich bin ein Berliner~.

mas Semdeg berlinSi krizisi aRar damdgara, sanam ke-

deli ar daingra. aRarc germaniaSi. vaSingtonsa da mos-

kovs aRar ucdiaT germaniis gayofis Semsubuqeba an su-

47

lac gadalaxva. evropaSi status kvo kargad muSaobda

da kubis krizissac ki gauZlo; igi mxolod maSin Seirya,

roca germania gaerTianda da sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala.

ar maxsendeba istoriis arcerTi dauwereli SeTanxmeba,

romelsac ase Seumcdarad emuSaos ocdaaTi wlis gan-

mavlobaSi. am ganzomilebas vercerT dedaqalaqSi ver

ganWvretdnen.

*

prezidenti kenedi Tavdapirvelad gaognda, rom ara

vTqvaT, gabrazdao, vili brandtis werilze, Tumca swra-

fad miiRo gadawyvetileba da 1500 kaciani sabrZolo

danayofiT gaaZliera berlinis garnizoni. jariskacebis

gasamxneveblad vice-prezidenti lindon b. jonsoni da

sahaero xidis gmiri generali lucius d. klei moavlina

berlinSi; berlinelebi ki iseTi ovaciebiT Sexvdnen ame-

rikelebs, TiTqos sakuTari jariskacebi gamarjvebulni

dabrunebodeT omidan.

jonsoni grZnobda, rogor umjobesdeboda ganwyoba

da gaxalisda. Sionebergis ratuSaSi Sexvedrisas brand-

tis fexsacmeli moewona. vinc sxvisgan elis moqmedebas,

TviTonac unda gaisarjos. hoda, protokolma SabaT dRes

ukve daketili maRazia gaaRebina da fexsacmeli uSovna.

gasinjvisas aRmoCnda, rom gansxvavebuli zomis terfebi

hqonia – esec mogvarda.

kenedis sapasuxo werili, romelic jonsonma gadmogv-

ca, mxolod misi gafrenis Semdeg wavikiTxeT. prezidentis

gzavnilma civi wyali gadagvasxa: kedlis moSla mxolod

omiTaa SesaZlebeli, magram `verc Tqven da verc veravin

48

mekavSireTagan verasodes ifiqrebs aq omi wamoiwyoT~. is,

rom kedeli xruSCovis damarcxebas niSnavda, radgan igi

mas ar aaSenebda, miznad mTeli berlinis dakaveba rom ga-

nezraxa, Tavis motyuebad aRviqviT da kenedis SorsmWvre-

telobas ver mivuxvdiT.

axla ukve vicodiT: gayofa xangrZlivi ambavi iqnebo-

da. amis xmamaRla Tqma ar SeiZleboda, rom xalxs imedi ar

dahkargvoda. upirveles yovlisa, mware SegrZneba dagveu-

fla. Cvens studentebs undodaT alJireli Tanatolebis-

Tvis miebaZaT da plastikuri asafeTqebeli nivTierebiT

daengriaT kedeli. senati iZulebuli gaxda policia ga-

moeyo kedlis dasacavad. Cvens policielebs ar hqondaT

ufleba iaraRiT daecvaT ltolvilebi, miuxedavad imisa,

rom Cveni azriT, maT samarTlianad undodaT gaqceuliy-

vnen; policias arc gdr-is jariskacebze srolis ufleba

hqonda, Cveni gagebiT isini ukanono atarebdnen samxedro

formas da iaraRs. Cvens prokuraturas ar SeeZlo saqme

aReZra daxmarebis gawevaze uari Tqmis braldebiT, radgan

mSvidoba Cvensave interesebSi iyo. status kvos araferi

unda damuqreboda.

is, rasac senati mixvda, magram ver gamoTqvamda, erTi

wlis Semdeg gacxadda, rodesac ltolvil peter fex-

ters esroles. fexteri aRmosavleT seqtorSi waiqca da

ormocdaaTi wuTi ar epueboda sikvdils, sanam suli ar

dalia. dasavleT berlinelebma iqve mdgar amerikel ofi-

cers mimarTes, misTvis daxmareba gaewia, Seagulianes,

Sen xom samxedro forma gicavso. ugrZnobelma da kore-

qtulma pasuxma ar daayovna: `Cemi kompetencia seqtoris

sazRvarTan mTavrdeba~. ase gaSiSvlda namdvili realo-

ba, ramac omis Semdeg pirveli antiamerikuli mitingebi

gamoiwvia. rodesac Carlis gamSveb punqtTan amerikuli

49

da sabWoTa tankebi erTmaneTisgan 200 metris daSorebiT

ganlagdnen, brandtma ratuSaSi Tqva – roca spiloebi

cekvaven, jobia Tagunebi sadme SeiyuJono.

1963 wlis 23 ivniss kenedis viziti berlinSi misma

pres-spikerma pier selinjerma moamzada. maSin SeviTvise:

sityviT gamomsvlelis mimarT telekameris daxris kuTxe

da daSoreba ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre iqve msmenelebi-

sadmi, radgan televizia met mayurebels swvdeba.

ovaciebis fonze, qalaqSi gaseirnebis Semdeg pre-

zidentma jer mmarTveli meris sapirfareSo `daaTva-

liera~, sanam mis kabinetSi, TarjimanTan erTad bolTis

cemas da CurCuliT Tavisi gamosvlis mecadineobas mohy-

veboda. Cvengan aravin icoda, ris Tqmas apirebda pre-

zidenti. brandtis sawer magidasTan adenaueri ijda da

gazeT `noies doiClands~ kiTxulobda. ratuSis win moe-

dani arasodes yofila ase gadavsebuli. rodesac kene-

dim Tavisi cnobili fraza warmoTqva, romelic berlinis

xelSeuxeblobas niSnavda, adenauers gaexarda, brandts ki

saxe moeWmuxna. `ich bin ein Berliner~ zustad Seesatyviseboda

saerTo ganwyobas. naSuadRevs, Tavisufal universitetSi

prezidentma sabWoTa kavSirTan urTierTobis ganmuxt-

vaze da TanamSromlobaze isaubra. axla brandts uxaro-

da, adenauers ki saxe gauSeSda.

kenediT aRtacebis miuxedavad, cxadi gaxda: am urCxu-

lis – kedlis dangrevaSi aravin dagvexmareboda. swored

aseT gamouval mdgomareobaSi iSva mosazreba, erTeuli

adamianebisTvis mainc gamxdariyo SesaZlebeli `gaRma~

myofi ojaxis wevrebis monaxuleba, Tundac ramdenime

saaTiT. adamianuri yofis Semsubuqebis sawinaaRmdego

oTxidan arc erT Zalas ar gamouTqvams. arc mere, roca

daadgines, rom amisaTvis manamde senatsa da aRmosavleT

50

berlins Soris pirdapiri molaparakebebis tabu unda

darRveuliyo. gamarjvebulma Zalebma xom status kvos

gamyareba dauwerel kanonad miiRes da ganaxorcieles

kidec. axla isRa awuxebdaT, xelSeuxebeli darCeniliyo

maTi, rogorc gamarjvebulebis mudmivi uflebebi. gamar-

jvebulebis mimarT pativiscema gaxldaT sakuTari inte-

resebis gatarebis erTaderTi gza. ase uwyinrad daiwyo

gasvlis nebarTvebis gacema, romliTac 1963 wels, saSo-

baod, pirvelad moinaxules dasavleT berlinelebma Ta-

vianTi naTesavebi qalaqis aRmosavleT nawilSi.

1963 wlis 18 dekembers vili brandti ormocdaaTi

wlis Sesrulda. es iyo pirveli dRe, roca gaica aRmo-

savleTSi gadasasvleli nebarTvebi. roca dabadebis dRe

miuloces, Tqva: `es aris Cemi cxovrebis erT-erTi sauke-

Teso dRe. Sobis es kvirebi dagvanaxebs, rom Cven erTi

qveynis Svilebi da erTi eri varT~.

is, rom rva wlis Semdeg, 1971 wels, egreT wodebuli

oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba mTeli germaniis

sakiTxze molaparakebebs orive germanuli mTavrobis mo-

nawileobis gareSe veRar ganaxorcielebda, jer hori-

zontze ar Canda. xolo cxrameti wlis Semdeg, 1990 wels,

oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala notariusad iqca, romelTac

sxva aRaraferi darCenodaT, garda realobis aRiarebisa,

romelic kedelze mitanilma ieriSma gamoiwvia.

ukan mixedvisas dasturdeba, rom kedlis aRmarTva

germaniis omisSemdgomi istoriis gardatexis momentia.

man gamoiwvia germaniis ganmuxtvis politika, romelmac

oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier gayofili ori germanuli

obieqti evropis SuagulSi erT suverenul subieqtad aq-

cia. am politikis gareSe, aseTi saxiT gaerTianebas vera-

sodes mivaRwevdiT.

51

axali miznebi

mniSvnelovan programul niSnulad iqca 1963 wlis ivlis-

Si tutcingis yriloba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom or

weliwadSi kancleri SeiZleboda gamxdariyo, tutcingis

evangelisturi akademiis politikurma klubma brandts

sTxova sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis miseuli xe-

dva waredgina. didi mondomebiT vimuSaveT xelnawerze,

bevrjer SevasworeT. amasobaSi akademiis direqtorma

roland-fridrix mesnerma damireka da mTxova sadisku-

sio gamosvla momemzadebina. vWomanobdi, Tavi sruliad

dacarielebuli mqonda. xangrZlivi xvewnis mere gadavwy-

vite brandtis sityvidan erTi punqti gamomeyo da mis

magaliTze meCvenebina, Tu ras niSnavda Cveni sagareo

politikuri koncefcia or germanul saxelmwifos Soris

urTierTobisTvis. am ideis gaCenis Semdeg saaT-naxevar-

Si Cems moadgiles vukarnaxe teqsti, man ki iqidan air-

Cia fraza `gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da saTaurad wa-

rumZRvara Cems gamosvlas. miunxenisken gzaSi xelnaweri

brandtsac vaCvene. man waikiTxa, kuStad damibruna da

miTxra `kargi~.

orive CvenganisTvis moulodnelad, Cemi xalmokle

sityva diskusiaze politikuri bombiviT afeTqda da

52

brandts ar daufaravs ukmayofileba, rom mis grZel ga-

mosvlas sakadrisi yuradReba ar mohyolia. diskusiaSi

Cems wvlilze, romelsac Cvensave partiaSi gaafTrebuli

winaaRmdegoba Sexvda, herbert venerma Tqva `bar-aqala am

uazrobaso~, Tumca, ramdenime wlis Semdeg, Cemi Tezisi

bonis ganmuxtvis politikad iqca.

*

social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomareobis kandi-

datis gamocdilebas Cvens mezobel kontinentTan – afri-

kasTan Sexvedra aklda. me namyofi gaxldiT safrangeTis

yofil koloniebSi – dasavleT da centralur afrikaSi

da Semdeg, 1959 wels, ganaSi vimuSave federaluri mTa-

vrobis warmomadgenlis rangSi. didi Zalisxmeva damWirda

Sefi damerwmunebina, rom aseTi mogzauroba aucilebe-

li iyo da rogorc iqna, 1963 wlis Semodgomaze afri-

kaSi gavemgzavreT. pirveli gaCereba kairoSi STambeWdav

Sexvedras gvimzadebda gamal abdel naserTan, romelmac

mSvidad da daJinebiT gagvacno Tavisi pesimisturi xed-

va: roca asuanis kaSxali dasruldeba da aTi wlis Semdeg

tba dagubdeba, bambis mosaSenebeli farTobi ki gaormag-

deba, magram mosaxleoba kidev ufro swrafad gaizrdeba

da siRaribe moimatebso.

misma aRmatebulebam, eTiopiis mefe haile sela-

sim agvixsna, rom imaze met axalgazrdas ar miecemoda

evropaSi swavlis ufleba, ramdenic qveyanas sWirdebo-

da. universiteti mxolod axalgazrdobis mousvenar,

dausaqmebel masas qmniso. iulius nierere daressalamSi

gvarwmunebda, Cems qveyanas soflis meurneobaSi daxmare-

53

ba ki ar sWirdeba germaniis federaciuli respublikidan,

aramed saWiro teqnika, rom tanzaniaze sruli energoda-

mokidebuleba SevamciroTo. cota xnis win damoukide-

bloba mopovebulma, magram saerTaSoriso koncernebze

damokidebulma saxelmwifoebma, rogoricaa nigeria da

alJiri ki Cems megobars bevri siaxle SesZines.

rodesac berlinSi davbrundiT, brandtis saxlSi Se-

vikribeT SlaxTenzeeze, iq iyo misi moadgile hainrix

albertcic, romelmac gviambo, ra momxdariyo amasobaSi

Cvens `patara qalaqSi~. telefonTan mixmes da Sematyo-

bines, rom kenedize Tavdasxma ganexorcielebinaT. cota

xanSi wamogvewia misi sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi ambavi.

mZime realoba glovis dros ar gvitovebda. gancxade-

bebi, droSebis daSveba, interviuebi da dakrZalvis ce-

remonialSi monawileoba iyo upirvelesi gadasawyveti

sakiTxebi. amasobaSi berlinelebma fanjrebSi sanTlebi

aanTes, rogorc ernst roiteris gardacvalebisas. isini

glovobdnen kacs, romelmac usafrTxoebis garantia mis-

caT. 1963 wlis 22 noemberi msoflioSi bevr adamians ar

daaviwydeba.

1964 wlis dasawyisSi brandtma social-demokratiu-

li partiis saTaveSi aw gardacvlili erix olenhaueri

Secvala. momdevno wels meored ganacxada pretenzia fe-

deraluri kancleris postze. isev rekorduli maCvene-

beli moutana Tavis partias, magram ludvig erhardTan

damarcxda.

54

gamouqveynebeli wigni

1965 wels arCevnebSi kidev erTi damarcxebisa da kedlis

aSenebis Sedegad germaniis sakiTxis dablokvis gamo, vi-

fiqre, rom aRmosavleTisa da germaniis Sesaxeb momavlis

politikis koncefciis SemuSaveba sasargeblo iqneboda,

saTauriT `axla ras vSvrebiT?~ 180 gverdiani xelnaweri

1966 wlis martis bolos mzad iyo. vili brandts gadave-

ci, man ki sul male, 6 aprils dawvrilebiT mipasuxa.

koncefcia celendorfSi Cemi gamosvlis gagrZelebas

warmoadgenda da bonis mier manamde gatarebuli poli-

tikis mkafio Semobrunebas ganixilavda, maSasadame, jer

daZabulobis ganmuxtva da Semdeg gaerTianeba. germa-

niis sakiTxis gadaWris gzad davamuSave evropuli usa-

frTxoebis sistemis sakiTxi, romelic germaniis usa-

frTxoebas germaniisgan usafrTxoebas ukavSirebda da

orive super-saxelmwifos mier stabilurad ganxorcie-

lebul daSinebis politikas efuZneboda. procesi unda

dawyebuliyo orive germanul saxelmwifos Soris mowes-

rigebuli Tanaarsebobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT da mosko-

vi unda yofiliyo masSi mudmivad CarTuli. miznad da-

saxuli stabiluroba ar unda gadazrdiliyo Zaladobriv

dapirispirebaSi – rogorc es moxda 1953 wels gdr-Si

da 1956 wels poloneTsa da ungreTSi. 1989 wels, kedel-

55

ze ieriSis Semdeg, oTxive Zala afrTxilebda germanel

politiko sebs: `procesi ukontrolo ar unda gaxdes~.

1966 wels vercerTi mTavroba ver iwinaswarmetyvelebda

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas. garkveuli saxis liberalizacia

SesaZleblad miiCneoda, magram ara imperiis dasasruli.

vili brandtis reaqcia moulodnel xelnawers swrafad

mohyva, igi avtoris suliskveTebas srulad iziarebda.

`berlinis presis samsaxuris ufrosi da social-demokra-

tiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris uSualo TanamSromeli am

nawers am saxiT ver gamoaqveynebs~. man mTxova, xelnaweri

`partiis xelmZRvanelobis Sida msjelobis dokumentad

meqcia~. tutcingSi Cems gamosvlaze reaqcia jer kidev

kargad maxsovda. Sefis interesSi ver iqneboda iseTi Si-

naarsis wigni, romelic mZafr dapirispirebas gamoiwvevda.

misi SemoTavazeba iyo `patara samuSao jgufis~ Seqmna da

savaraudod, SemodgomisTvis `jerovnad gadamuSavebuli

versiis~ gamoqveyneba, garda amisa, SemogvTavaza, evropis

usafrTxoebis da gaerTianebuli germaniis usafrTxoebis

RonisZiebebis sakiTxi helmut SmidtTanac ganvixiloTo.

misi TavSekaveba aRviqvi rogorc uaryofis daxvewili

forma. igi exeboda safexurebriv models, romelzedac

miTxra, `praqtikuli politikis TvalTaxedvidan SeuZle-

beli mgoniao~.

teqstSi vayalibebdi azrs, rom `berlinis mmarTveli

meri vili brandti am wigniT mxolod uflebas aZlevs Ta-

vis TanamSromlebs, hqondaT sakuTari azrebi da gamoxa-

ton kidec isini~. man daundoblad mkafio xelnaweri ko-

mentariT mimiTiTa erT epizodze, romelic samarTlebriv

sakiTxebSi prezident kenedis mrCevlis, ted sorensenis

mier daweril kenedis biografiaSi gvxvdeba: `1960 wlis

dekemberSi kenedisTan erTad mosawvevebi ganvixileT, ro-

56

melic CemTvis gamoegzavnaT. moxsenebebis wasakiTxad me-

patiJebodnen; garda amisa, ramdenime Jurnals surda Cem

Sesaxeb statia gamoeqveynebina. `yvela ukan daabruneT~,

miTxra man da me mis rCevas vende... `Tu ginda davidarabas

Tavi aarido, ukana planze unda darCe~.

ra xSirad kiTxulobda Sefi mniSvnelovan, saintereso,

gindac pikantur raRacebs Cemze adre (netav rodis aswreb-

da?). xSirad mirCevda xolme: `es SegiZlia arc waikiTxo~.

axali literaturuli gamocemebis Sesaxeb kargad iyo in-

formirebuli. hoda, masTan mivedi, raTa kiTxvaze `axla

ras vSvrebiT~ mepasuxa, rom wigns ar gamovcemdi. didad

ar gaumaxvilebia yuradReba, sruliad axali Tema gamac-

no. mosalodnelia, rom Semodgomaze didi koalicia Seiqm-

nas, rac maincdamainc ar aRmafrTovanebso. Cemi fantazia

sakmarisi aRmoCnda imis warmosadgenad, rom am viTarebaSi

wigni bombiviT gaskdeboda.

mainc ar minania, rom viSrome. upirveles yovlisa:

brandtma waikiTxa xelnaweri da Semifasa. am Temaze sau-

bari saWiro aRar iyo. wigni Cveni momavali wlebis poli-

tikis umTavres Temebs eZRvneboda. CemTvis mniSvnelovani

teqsti saweri magidis ujraSi Cavkete da brandts usia-

movneba avacile. igi Cems megobrul loialobas tyuilad

ar endoboda. misi mrCevlidan megobrad viqeci.

57

meore nawili – boni

didi koalicia – arapopularuli

da gardauvali

brandti jer kidev 1965 wlis saarCevno kampaniaSi miRe-

bul Seuracxyofas da bundestagis wagebul arCevnebs

ganicdida, magram 1966 wlis ivnisSi partiis yrilobam

brwyinvale SedegiT isev airCia partiis Tavmjdomared.

326 delegatidan 324-ma dauWira mxari.

rodesac kancler erhardis federaluri mTavroba ver

SeTanxmda qristian-demokratiuli da qristian-socialu-

ri partiebis gaerTianebis mier dagegmil gadasaxadebis

gazrdaze, Tavisufali demokratebis partiis ministrebi

1966 wlis 27 oqtombers gadadgnen. imave dRes Camovuwere

brandts Cveni SesaZleblobebis dawvrilebiTi analizi.

`qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan~ erTad yofna `garyvnilebis~

STabeWdilebas datovebda, Tavisufali demokratebisTvis,

rogorc partniorebisTvis, ueWvelad unda migveniWebina

upiratesoba. magram: `Tuki Tavisufal demokratebTan ma-

Tive mizeziT ar gamogviva, maSin kidev erTxel seriozu-

lad unda ganvixiloT didi koaliciis sakiTxi ... SeiZleba

es aRmoCndes erTaderTi Sansi am qveyanaSi xalxis mxar-

daWeris mosapoveblad~. yvela riskis gaTvaliswinebiT:

`social-demokratiuli partia araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar

unda darCes gareT~.

58

sanam social-demokratebis saxeliT herbert veneri

da helmut Smidti da `gaerTianebis~ saxeliT kurt georg

kizingeri da rainer barceli rigSi dgebodnen, kulisebSi

momavlis ganmsazRvreli Sexvedra Sedga. brandtma bonSi

mimavlina, rom hans-ditrix genSerTan, maSin bundestag-

Si Tavisufali demokratebis fraqciis Tavmjdomares-

Tan, SesaZlo koaliciis sakiTxi ganmexila. saubari mis

kabinetSi Sedga. igi erTmniSvnelovnad emxroboda aseTi

koaliciis Seqmnas, miuxedavad minimaluri umravleso-

bisa. magram genSers partiuli megobrebi valter Seeli

da viliam bormi afrTxilebdnen, liberaluri fraqciis

erTianoba garantirebuli ar ariso. amitom es mcdeloba

dasamarda, me ki werili davwere Seelis saxelze, romel-

Sic Sefi mwuxarebas gamoTqvamda, rom kavSiri ver Sedga:

`aman ar unda SegviSalos xeli urTierTobis gagrZele-

baSi ... imeds gamovTqvam, rom yovelives SevinarCunebT~.

mTavrobis damtkiceba 1966 wlis dekembramde gaWianurda.

herbert venerma Tavis mizans miaRwia.

didi koalicia brandts ejavreboda. erCivna, partiis

Tavmjdomared darCeniliyo. magram partiis Tavmjdo-

mare, romelic kabinetis wevri ar aris an vice-kancleri,

romelsac umniSvnelo sfero abaria, ara mxolod mis sia-

mayes ewinaaRmdegeboda, aramed Zalauflebis mimarT mis

damokidebulebas da sagareo uwyebis xiblsac.

wina wlebis cilismwameblur da Seuracxmyofel kam-

panias Rrma kvali daemCnia misi sulisTvis. male Segueba

mouwevda gavrcelebul saxelwodebasTan – `Serigebis fe-

deralur mTavroba~. igi mTavrobis wevrebis biografiebs

icnobda: emigrantis da yofili memarcxene-socialistis

– brandtis gverdiT ijda kizingeri, romelic, ekonomikis

ministris – social-demokrat karl Sileris msgav sad,

59

adre nacional-socialisturi partiis wevri iyo. maSin,

roca yofili komunisti veneri – amjerad saerTo germa-

nuli sakiTxis ministri – moskovis sastumro luqss ga-

daurCa, finansTa ministri franc iozef Strausi ki ver-

maxtis oficeri gaxldaT.

Strauss brandti pativs scemda. mas miaCnda, rom ba-

varieli Tavisi unarebiTa da energiiT kancleradac

ivargebda, miuxedavad imisa, rom TavSeukavebeli xasiaTi

bevr rameSi xels uSlida. qristian-socialist Strauss

did eleqtrosadgurs adarebda, romelsac patara boslis

damcavebi aqvs.

kizingeri ki, romelsac Sinaurulad `kionig zil-

bercunges~ eZaxdnen, brandts msubuq woniT kategoriad

miaCnda. mis sazogadoebaSi Tavs kargad ver grZnobda

da mTavrobis meTaurTan komunikacia veners gadauloca.

fraqciis Tavmjdomareebi – helmut Smidti da rainer

barceli, Cinebuli menejerebi, parlamentis uproblemo

muSaobas uzrunvelyofdnen.

60

sagareo uwyebaSi

Sionebergis ratuSis senatis kancelaria, aTobiT maRa-

li rangis moxeliTa da aliansis wevrebTan damakavSire-

buli sami oficriT, ise gansxvavdeboda sagareo uwyebis

aparatisgan, rogorc kargad gamarTuli mcire sawarmo

ver gautoldeba saerTaSoriso koncerns, anda, berlinis

policiis prezidentis uflebebi da bonis Tavdacvis mi-

nistris Zalmosileba. federaluri done sxva Tvisebebs

moiTxovda da yoveldRiuri informaciisa da moqmedebe-

bis moculoba TviT berlinis mmarTveli merisTvisac sxva

ganzomileba aRmoCnda. naxtomi Sionebergis ratuSidan

pirdapir kancleris aparatSi brandts ar gamouvidoda.

sagareo saqmeTa axali ministris – brandtisTvis gake-

Tebul CanawerSi, berlinSi SeTvisebuli stiliT, zedme-

tad mkafiod gamovxate azri: rom umniSvnelovanesi iyo

gagvebaTilebina adenaueris mtkiceba, TiTqosda mTa-

vrobaSi social-demokratTa yofna germaniis dasasruls

moaswavebda. `didi koaliciis fsiqologiuri simtkice,

maSasadame, mravali tabu jer kidev dasamsxvrevi iyo~.

`tabus damsxvrevas~ brandtma xazi gausva da iqve miawera:

`ara orientacia, saerTo niSnuli!~ maSasadame, Serigeba

urTierTTanamSromlobiT, sakoalicio mSvidobis xarjze

sagareo politikuri tabuirebis damsxvrevis magivrad.

61

Cems CanawerSi dasaxuli yvela sxva mizani gaiTva-

liswina: diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba aRmo-

savleT evropisa da arabul qveynebTan, natos refor-

ma, diplomatiuri urTierTobebis damyareba CineTTanac

ki. me vwerdi: `es fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT yvelaze

ukeT da Tan materialuri danaxarjis gareSe gamokveTs

federaciuli respublikis simwifes~. ukan rom vixedebi,

didi koaliciis sagareo politikuri monapovari sakmaod

Wrelia: naklebi, vidre gvsurda da meti, vidre velodiT.

axal ministrs sagareo uwyebaSi pativs scemdnen. ori

kaci gadagviyvana berlinidan: klaus Siutci – saxelmwifo

mdivnis rangSi, romelic praqtikul tvinad moiazreboda,

da me, rogorc dagegmvis Stabis ufrosi – Teoriuli tvi-

ni. Cven mxolod partiul jariskacebad ar gvTvlidnen.

awi gamoCndeboda, rogor moergeboda Cveni sameuli uwy-

ebis gundur suliskveTebas. qristian-demokratiuli par-

tiis Cvidmetwliani sistemuri sakadro politikis Semdeg,

dauSvebeli iqneboda `socialisturi gardaqmna~, romli-

sac yvelas eSinoda. am uwyebisTvis saTanadod momzade-

buli social-demokratebic ar Candnen. loialobasa da

Sedegze orientirebuli Cveneuli principi TandaTanobiT

cvlilebebs iTvaliswinebda. garda amisa, wmendis Catare-

ba da maRali rangis moxeleTa gadamowmeba, xom ar iyvnen

maT Soris nacional-socialisturi partiis wevrebi, ar

Seefereboda Serigebaze orientirebul mTavrobas. erTa-

derT gamonakliss warmoadgenda axali federaluri kan-

cleri.

upirvelesi fiqri, `TaflobisTveSi~ CamerWo sakuTa-

ri solebi, maSinve ukuvagde, realobas ar Seesabameboda.

sagareo uwyebamac ver aicila Tavidan mesame raixis dros

reJimis morCileba. kargad Tu daakvirdebodi, mixvdebo-

62

di, rom moxeleebi arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodnen sxva

uwyebebSi dasaqmebulTagan, Tumca, TvalSi gxvdeboda

diplomatiuri samsaxuris gansakuTrebuli damRa, ro-

melsac sazRvargareT msaxureba ganapirobebda: xasiaTi,

niWi, oportunizmi, mokrZalebuloba da warmomavloba

unikalurad SeTviseboda erTmaneTs. omis Semdeg sagareo

samsaxuris aRmSenebloba iTvaliswinebda Serigebas da es

procesi globkes saxels atarebda. `yofilebis~ – ZiriTa-

dad nacisturi partiis wevrebis qseli – kvlav simtkiciT

gamoirCeoda.

erT-erT SefasebaSi, romelic 1966 wlis Sobis win

davuwere brandts, gamovyavi sami fena: `Zveli~ sagareo

uwyebis reaqtivirebuli personali, `axlebi~ – ZiriTadad

Spaieris diplomatiuri skolis kursdamTavrebulni da

`gareSeni~. meore jgufi mzad iyo TanamSromlobisTvis

da didi molodiniTac gamoirCeoda~. `gareSeTa~ jgufi

uaRresad heterogenuli – xalxi, romelic iseTi uuna-

ro aRmoCnda, verc ki mixvdnen, ratom ar unda daejil-

dovebinaT `qristian-demokratiuli partiisTvis gaweuli

kargi muSaobisTvis~ da sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo ratom

`daiCagrnen~.

swrafva, mTeli uwyeba samuSao reJimSi da integrire-

buli gyoloda, seleqciur sakadro politikas ver aitan-

da: `partiuli politikis niSniT Catarebuli mkacri saka-

dro wmenda qristian-demokratTa politikis ierSecvlili

gagrZeleba iqneboda~, vwerdi brandts. daskvnis saxiT

SeiZleboda Tqmuliyo, `umTavres ganmsazRvrel faqto-

rad gveqcia gulmodgined muSaoba~. zogierT `yofilTan~

TanamSromlobas gverds ver avuvlidiT. Cvens `megobrebs~,

cxadia, imedi gaucruvdaT. social-demokratiuli par-

tiidan gvakritikebdnen da moiTxovdnen, gansakuTrebiT

63

wagvexalisebina qristian-demokratTa politikiT daCag-

rulni da dagvewinaurebina unariani social-demokrate-

bi. magram brandts dasaxuli miznidan ar gadauxvevia:

integracia kvlav gamowvevad rCeboda. brandti mxolod

axali kabinetis Semrigeblur xasiaTs ki ar uwevda anga-

riSs, aramed misi qmedeba gamocdilebis da SorsmWvrete-

lobis gamoxatuleba aRmoCnda.

sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, postze samwliani yofnisas,

bevri saCivris Tu winadadebis ganxilva uxdeboda. am sa-

qmeSi kadrebis ganyofilebis ufrosi georg federeri

misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani mrCeveli da damxmare iyo, ara

mxolod imitom, rom Zveli uwyebidan `Cveni partieli~

gaxldaT, aramed igi yvelas icnobda, buzis spilosgan

garCeva icoda da erTgulebda ministrsac da uwyebasac.

Cvenma principebma gaamarTla. magaliTad, isev Sevxvdi

franc krapfs. Cveni SemTxveviTi nacnoboba matarebelSi

daiwyo, roca parizSi gavemgzavreT 1950 wels, Sumanis

gegmaze mosalaparakeblad. misTvis miuRebeli aRmoCn-

da, rom Cvens delegacias xelmZRvanelobda `sruliad

ucnobi profesori, gvarad halStaini~. im kriteriumebis

mixedviT, romlebic ioSka fiSerma SemoiRo sagareo sa-

qmeTa ministris rangSi, nacional-socialisturi partiis

wevrebi uwyebis JurnalSi oficialur nekrologebs aRar

imsaxurebdnen. franc krapfi erT-erTi pirveli aRmoCn-

da, visac es Seexo. ocdaSvidi wlisam daiwyo 1938 wels

sagareo uwyebaSi muSaoba da 1940 wlidan 1945 wlamde

tokioSi msaxurobda saelCoSi. 1947 wels, rodesac ga-

tarda nacizmisgan ganTavisuflebis procedura, mas `na-

cizmisgan Tavisufali~ piris statusi mieniWa, 1951 wels

axalSeqmnil sagareo uwyebaSi dabrunda da daubrkoleb-

lad miavlines jer parizSi da mere vaSingtonSi, 1966

64

wels tokioSi dainiSna elCad, 1971 wels ki briuselSi,

natoSi Cveni misiis xelmZRvaneloba daekisra.

rodesac hainrix albertci beno onezorgze ganxor-

cielebuli sasikvdilo gasrolis Semdeg mmarTveli me-

ris Tanamdebobidan gadadga, brandti iZulebuli gaxda

klaus Siutci mievlinebina berlinSi. axal saxelmwifo

mdivnad waradgines georg ferdinand dukvitci. am Zveli

saministros kacma, 1932 wlidan nacional-socialisturi

partiis wevrma, 1943 wels kopenhagenSi Cvens warmomad-

genlobaSi muSaobisas gaigo, rom ebraelebs deportacias

upirebdnen da hans hedtofts Seatyobina; es ukanaskne-

li, omis Semdeg, daniis premier-ministri gaxda. TiTqmis

yvela ebraelis gayvana da gadarCena moxerxda navebiT

SvedeTSi. dukvitci 1950 wels diplomatiur samsaxurSi

daabrunes. ra gasakviria, rom omis Semdeg, igi kopenhagen-

Si federaciuli respublikis sasurveli da pativcemuli

elCi gaxda.

Zvel uwyebaSi msaxurobda hans fon hervarTic. igi

1939 wlamde moskovSi, germaniis saelCoSi muSaobda da

ebraelma bebiam gadaarCina nacional-socialisturi par-

tiis wevrobas. axali saministros Camoyalibebisas pro-

tokolis Sefi gaxda, Semdeg elCi londonSi da Semdeg

federaluri prezidentis aparatis ufrosi. brandtma

igi ukve pensioneri daabruna da sagareo uwyebis refor-

mis SemuSaveba daavala. am gegmam bevri uwyebis protesti

gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT maTi, vinc sagareo politikas

gemo briuselSi evropuli uwyebis daarsebis wyalobiT

gaugo da axla sagareo saqmeebSi araTu monawileoba ewa-

daT, aramed gavlena. kizingeri amarTlebda metsaxels

`moxetiale uwyebaTaSorisi komiteti~, magram sagareo

saqmeTa ministrs dauTmo da Tavisi komisia Seaqmnevina

65

reformis gasatareblad. komisiis saboloo angariSi 1971

wels daido, xolo Sesabamis kanons 1990 wels eyara kenWi

yvela fraqciis monawileobiT. brandti, gardacvalebamde

ori wliT adre moeswro `Casaxuli Svilis~ dabadebas.

mmarTvel mers msoflioSi mogzaurobisas Cvens warmo-

madgenlobebSi namdvilad uzadod xvdebodnen da mxarSi

edgnen, Tumca, social-demokratebs ucxoeTSi arasodes

gadavyrivarT. es gamocdileba mis midgomas esadagebo-

da: vinc gadasaxlebaSi ukeTesi germaniisTvis ibrZoda,

ukan dabrunebuli SurisZiebas da angariSsworebas ver

iqadagebda. amitomac izruna, rom rodesac albert Spee-

ri 1966 wels Spandaus cixidan gamouSves, gamarjvebuli

Zalebis uwyebis procedura masze ar ganxorcielebuliyo.

Jurnalistma inge doiCkornma amis gamo social-demokra-

tiuli partiis wignaki Caabara da israelis moqalaqeoba-

ze Seitana gancxadeba.

mokled: brandti iqca integraciis mamad, ara warsu-

lis Sesalamazeblad an dasaviwyeblad, aramed Cveni sazo-

gadoebisTvis ukeTesi momavlis Sesaqmnelad. igi iyo pir-

veli social-demokrati, romelic 36 wlis Semdeg Sevida

germaniis mTavrobaSi; TanamSromlebTan pirveli Sexve-

drisTanave moiTxova germanuli warsuli xaziT gaemi-

jnaT; wina federaluri mTavrobis mowadinebac, germania

aRdgeniliyo 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvrebSi, SeuZle-

blad miiCnia. omi rom damTavrdeba, mere mas iuridiuli

formulebiT veRar moigeb. man mSvidobisa da xalxTa So-

ris Tanxmobis survili Tavisi moRvaweobis miznad dai-

saxa. brandts ar daviwyebia uwyebis tradicia, raTenaus

da Strezemans eyrdnoboda da xSirad imowmebda bismarks,

romelic gmobda politikas – `yvelaferi an araferi~.

66

mis upirveles samoRvaweo xmas Semdgomma ministrebma

Seelma, genSerma, kinkelma da fiSerma variaciebi mouZeb-

nes. fiSeris pozicia gamorCeulia, igi gabedulad miudga

warsulis gadamuSavebis Temas da specialuri komisia Se-

qmna, romelmac Tavisi xuTwliani muSaobis Semdeg daad-

gina, rom SeuZlebeli iqneboda 1966 wels sagareo uwyebis

xlarTebSi adamianebis saTiTaod gamokvleva. sircxvilia,

rom samoci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar gaCenila sajaro inte-

resi Cveni saxelmwifo uwyebebis warsuli gamokvleuliyo.

mxolod 2010 wlis Semdeg Sebedes federalurma sainfor-

macio samsaxurma da zogierTma saministrom am amocanas,

romelic dResac mwvaved aRiqmeba.

67

dagegmvis StabSi

upirvelesi, rac gansakuTrebiT mZenda Tavdajerebulo-

bas: praqtikulad, me gavxdi saministroSi yvelaze infor-

mirebuli piri. StabSi igzavneboda Cveni warmomadgenlo-

bis yvela depeSa, zustad iseve, rogorc ministrTan da

saxelmwifo mdivnebTan, magram maT yvelafris wakiTxvis

dro ar hqondaT. Cemi TanamSromlebi arCevdnen im infor-

maciebs, romlebic me unda mcodnoda. brandti ki daime-

debuli iyo – Cemi codna mis codnas udrida. meamayeboda,

rom Cvens qveyanas aseTi aparati hyavda da imis fufune-

bac, rom gansjaSi fulic gadaexada.

Cemi winamorbedi giunter dili kancleris aparat-

Si gadavida da Stabis saukeTeso TanamSromlebic Tan

gaiyola. Sefma maTi Semcvlelebis SerCeva mTlianad me

mando. yvela maTgani saTanado kadri aRmoCnda. da dadga

droc, tutcingis monaxazi `gardaqmna daaxloebis gziT~

dasrulebul koncefciad meqcia. dilisgan viswavle, sa-

gangebo davalebaTa elCs sagareo politikaSi aqtiurobis

uflebac aqvso.

rac ar unda daujereblad gaismodes dRes: germa-

niis gaerTianebis koncefcia ar arsebobda. Cemma ke-

Tilmosurne da ganswavlulma winamorbedma jer kidev

68

1966 wlis martSi mirCia, Semoifargle ganmtkicebuli

poziciebis SenarCunebiTo; igi ver xedavda `halStainis

doqtrinaze~ uaris Tqmis aucileblobas. rodesac dageg-

mvis Stabs davavale, germaniis gaerTianebis koncefciaze

imuSaveT-meTqi, standartuli pasuxi miviRe, es oTxi ga-

marjvebuli Zalis konpetenciaao. amocana, gamarjvebu-

li Zalebis mudmivi moqmedebis uflebebis miuxedavad,

gagveanalizebina germaniis interesebi da gvefiqra war-

moudgenelze, kolegebs, albaT, iluziadac moeCvenaT da

momxibvleladac. brandtisTvis cnobili iyo axali orien-

taciis ambavi da iziareboda mas. SesaTanxmebeli aRarafe-

ri rCeboda.

Cven mier SemuSavebuli pirveli kvleva `evropis usa-

frTxoebis koncefciebi~ exeboda `germaniis usafrTxoe-

bis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis~ sagareo politikur

winapirobebs. gamowvlilviT SeviswavleT yvela qveynis

interesi da alternativebi SevafaseT. vaRiareT, rom

gdr-is, rogorc saxelmwifos Tanamonawileoba evropis

nebismieri saxis usafrTxoebis sistemaSi da oderisa da

naises sazRvris aRiareba gardauvali iqneboda. dokumen-

ti 1968 wels warvudgineT brandts.

ufro mniSvnelovani gaxldaT meore kvleva – `mosaz-

rebebi momavali federaluri mTavrobis sagareo poli-

tikis Sesaxeb~, romelic ukavSirdeboda gdr-Tan Car-

Co-xelSekrulebis dadebis koncefcias. brandtma igi 1969

wlis 18 seqtembers naxa, maSasadame, bundestagis arCevne-

bamde aTi dRiT adre da vaSingtonisken mimavalma TviT-

mfrinavSi waikiTxa. man aRniSna: `arc ise cudia. imedia,

male dagvWirdeba~. arCevnebs imedianad vuyurebdiT, ma-

gram SedegSi darwmunebulni ar viyaviT. orive dokumenti

ganamtkicebda mosazrebebs, romelic mogvianebiT moskov-

69

Tan, praRasTan da aRmosavleT berlinTan dadebul or-

mxriv xelSekrulebebSi Sevida. orive maTgani gvikarnaxa

Cveni qveynis interesebma da varaudma, rom didi koalicia

gagrZeldeboda. brandtisgan, romelsac sZulda aRmate-

biT xarisxSi laparaki, SeniSvna `arc ise cudia~, did qe-

bas niSnavda. samarTlianadac Segvaqo, radgan safuZvliani

da sistemuri Sromis nayofi 1970 wels movimke moskovSi:

sagareo saqmeTa ministr gromikos arcerTi iseTi kiTxva

ar dausvams, romelzec dagegmvis Stabs nafiqri ar hqo-

noda, ase rom, yvelafers myisierad vupasuxe.

orive dokumenti Seicavda molodins, `rom gdr mo-

maval oTx weliwadSi xalxTaSoris samarTalSi garRvevas

miaRwevda. jer kidev 1962 wlis zafxulSi mivwere brandts

werili, romelSic wuxils gamovTqvamdi imis Taobaze, rom

`daiwyo ukanaskneli Tveebi, romelSic zonis de faqto

aRiareba raRacis momtania~. es tutcingamde erTi wliT

adre moxda! maSin man mipasuxa: `marTali xar, magram ra

SegviZlia gavakeToT?~ 1969 wlis Semodgomaze ukve cxadi

gaxda, rom mesame samyaros bevri qveyana, maT Soris, in-

doeTic, bonis mier diplomatiuri urTierTobebis gawy-

vetis muqaris miuxedavad, mzad iyvnen gdr xalxTaSorisi

samarTlis Sesabamisad eRiarebinaT. araRiarebis politi-

ka federaciul respublikas TviTizolaciis saSiSroebas

uqmnida, miTumetes, rom mekavSireebmac daiwyes daZabu-

lobis ganmuxtvis sakuTari RonisZiebebis gadaxedva.

Cven mier dagegmili `CarCo-xelSekruleba gdr-Tan~

bevr uwindel tabus amsxvrevda da mkafiod ayalibebda:

gdr SeZlebs xalxTaSorisi samarTlis srulfasovani su-

bieqti gaxdes; unda SenarCundes or germanul saxelmwifos

Soris gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba, kerZod is, rom

erTmaneTisTvis isini sazRvargareTs ki ar warmoadgenen,

70

aramed erTi eris or nawils. maT Soris, iseve, rogorc

yvela danarCen evropul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvari

unda eqvemdebarebodes Zalis argamoyenebis valdebule-

bas. aqamde mouwesrigebeli samoqalaqo mimosvla dasa-

vleT berlinsa da federaciul respublikas Soris unda

SeTanxmdes xelSekrulebiT. amiT unda daiwyos sabWoTa

kavSirTan urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba.

CarCo-xelSekrulebas mogvianebiT sabaziso xelSek-

ruleba ewoda. social-liberaluri mTavroba 1969 wels

xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTanave, ase martivad rom Se-

Tanxmda am xelSekrulebaze, imis damsaxureba gaxldaT,

rom, rogorc dagegmvis StabSi erTma Cemma TanamSromel-

ma gamando, igi, rogorc Tavisufali-liberalebis wevri,

Turme monawileobda gdr-Tan SesaZlo xelSekrulebis

Sesaxeb kvlevaSi, sadac gdr-is xalxTaSorisi samarTlis

Sesabamisad aRiarebac ki ganixileboda. Cveni mosazrebiT,

es SeuZlebeli iyo da Tavisufal-liberalebs es punqti

amovaRebineT. brandtma maSin eSmakurad Camikra Tvali

da miTxra, `xazs mihyevio~. saboloo jamSi, federalu-

ri kancleris, brandtis samTavrobo programis sagareo

politikuri nawili ise davwere, rom Seelma mxolod ga-

daikiTxa da SeniSvnebis gareSe moawera xeli. amdenad,

didi koaliciis wyalobiT, mis memkvidreebs imaze Tavis

mtvreva, rasac sxvebi aRmosavleTis politikas uwodebd-

nen, aRar dasWirvebiaT da SeeZloT saqmes Sesdgomodnen.

71

sinamdvile

axlaRa vxvdebi, rogor Rrmad CavyvinTe dagegmvis Sta-

bis uzarmazari samuSaos morevSi. `samocdarvawlianebis~

moZraoba da maT mier gamowveuli mRelvareba wesierad

arc aRmiqvams. kaliforniaSi axalgazrdobis gamoRviZebam

evropaSi gadmoinacvla da Cvenamdec moaRwia. gamoRviZe-

bis saerTaSoriso talRaSi germaneli axalgazrdobis mo-

nawileobiT gamowveuli sixaruli iyo erTaderTi gancda,

romelic didxans SemogvrCa.

natos saxelmwifoebis dagegmvis Stabebis xelmZRva-

nelebi `dagegmvis atlantikur jgufSi~ (aPag) vikribe-

bodiT. am instituciaSi gadawyvetilebebi ar miiReboda,

mxolod azrTa gacvla-gamocvla xdeboda araformalur

da megobrul viTarebaSi. adre, norvegiaSive ganvixileT

natos reformebis sakiTxi aSS-sa da evropis sabWoTa kav-

SirTan urTierTobebis WrilSi, dRemde aqtualuri Temaa

ruseTTan erTierToba. vaSingtonSi ganvamtkiceT Tavis-

Tavad cxadi mosazreba, rom strategiuli atomuri iara-

Ri mxolod ori super-saxelmwifos saqmed unda darCes da

rom substrategiuli sabWoTa saSualo manZilis raketebi

mxedvelobaSi ar unda migveRo. evropeli partniorebis

azri, gansakuTrebiT londonsa da parizSi, am SemTxveva-

Si gadamwyveti ar iyo, gindac maT rodesme moexerxebinaT

erTiani poziciis SemuSaveba. es kargad maxsovda, rode-

72

sac ramdenime wlis Semdeg natos ormagi gadawyvetilebis

sakiTxze vmsjelobdiT.

sadac ar Cavidoda sagareo saqmeTa ministri brandti,

yvelgan iaponias, CineTsa da amerikas Soris, Zalaufle-

bis, gavlenisa da interesebis kategoriebiT azrovnebd-

nen. saudis arabeTs dasavleTs miakuTvnebdnen, Tumca iq

demokratia ar iyo. mTavrobebs uyvarT demokratiaze da

adamianis uflebebze saubari, magram maT azrovnebas Za-

lauflebis politika da geostrategia gansazRvravs. Ta-

vis motyuebas azri ar aqvs.

Cveni `geostrategiuli rolis~ Sesaxeb 1968 wlis oq-

tomberSi niu iorkSi ufaso gakveTili Cagvitares. germa-

niis presis saagentos korespondentma baraTi momawoda:

sabWoTa kavSiris presis oficerma miTxra: `if Mr. Brandt wants to talk to Mr. gromyko, the answer will be positive~.1 ra-

sakvirvelia, brandts surda. sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis

pirveli megobruli Sexvedra sityvier saCuqars gvimzadeb-

da: – sabWoTa mTavroba atomuri iaraRis gauvrceleblo-

bis xelSekrulebas mxolod maSin gaukeTebs ratificire-

bas, rodesac mas federaluri mTavrobac moawers xelso.

am informaciam brandti ise gaaxalisa, rom ixumra: `Za-

lian mainteresebs, Cemi mTavroba am ambavs arCevnebamde

Tu Sematyobinebs~. qdk/qsk gaerTianeba xelmoweraze jer

kidev davobda.

sagangebo davalebaTa elCis rangSi pirveli davale-

ba jer kidev 1967 wels Sevasrule. albaneTis garda,

Cexoslovakia iyo erTaderTi evropuli qveyana, sadac

diplomatiuri warmomadgenloba ar gvqonda. SevTanxmdiT

1 (ingl.) Tu baton brandts surs baton gromikosTan saubari, pa-suxi dadebiTi iqneba.

73

generaluri sakonsuloebis gaxsnaze, romelTac diploma-

tiuri uflebamosileba eqnebodaT da praqtikulad ber-

linic CaerTveboda. sakonsuloebi unda `migveba~ sagareo

vaWrobis saministroebze da ara sagareo saqmeTa saminis-

troze, sadac vizis sakiTxi praqtikulad unda gadawyve-

tiliyo. Sveiki am saqmes ukeTesad ver moagvarebda. Semdeg

buqarestSi gavfrindi da iq brandts Sevxvdi, romelmac,

CauSeskusTan erTad, beWedi dausva diplomatiuri ur-

TierTobebis damyarebas. Semdeg ki Savi zRvis sanapiroze

pompezur sasaxleSi aRmovCndiT, aseTive pompezuri iyo

misi mbrZanebelic, romelic Tavis sagareo saqmeTa mi-

nistrs xelze mosamsaxuresaviT daarbeninebda aqeT-iqiT.

1968 wlis aprilSi wina wlis partniorma praRis ga-

zafxulis da aleqsander dubCekis gasaocari avtorite-

tis Sesaxeb mamcno. SevTanxmdiT, rom sasurvel garemoSi

SevxvedrodiT da miunxenis 1938 wlis xelSekrulebaze

gvemsjela. axali xelSekruleba ise unda Camogveyali-

bebina, rom Cexebi da germanelebi, agreTve, samSoblo-

dan gaZevebuli sudetis germanelebic kmayofilni dar-

Ceniliyvnen da pretenzia ar gamoeTqvaT. Cemma marTlac

sapativcemulo partniorma damSvidobebisas SveikiviT Ca-

milaparaka: `mgels saxravi unda gadaugdo, magram Txa ar

unda SeaWmevinoo~.

agvistos Sua ricxvebSi bonSi Cexoslovakiidan pata-

ra delegacia Camovida. praRidan mosuli ambebi ise Se-

maSfoTebuli iyo, rom wuxili gamovxate, dubCeki xom

namdvilad flobs situacias-meTqi. pasuxi, Cven rusebis

ukeT gvesmis, vidre Tqveno, Cveni molaparakebebis swraf

progress Seesabameboda, meore dRes ukve saocar Sedegs

velodiT. es iyo im Rames, rodesac varSavis xelSekrule-

bis saxelmwifoebi CexoslovakiaSi SeiWren. meore dilas,

74

21 agvistos, delegacia acremlebuli dagvemSvidoba da

brandts imisTvis gadauxada madloba, ris gakeTebasac

Cven vapirebdiT.

federalurma kanclerma kizingerma Tqva: `gagvimarT-

la, rom praRis ambavi erTi wlis win davasruleT. axla

amas kidev didxans ver SevZlebdiTo~. garda amisa, gadawy-

vita, rom federalur mTavrobas ucvlelad gaegrZele-

bina daZabulobis ganmuxtvis kursi. uZnelesi amocana,

arc mwvadi dagvewva da arc Samfuri, mxolod xuTi wlis

Tavze gadaiWra, moskovTan, varSavasTan da gdr-Tan saba-

ziso xelSekrulebebi gaformda. miunxenis xelSekruleba

baTilad gamocxadda da mas Cexoslovakiis mxridan sa-

marTlebrivi xasiaTis moTxovnebi ar gamouwvevia.

Semdeg gavfrindi budapeStSi; presas amis Sesaxeb ar

Seutyvia. iq im komunisturi partiis sagareo politikur

mdivans Sevxvdi, romelmac 1956 wels sabWoTa jarebis

mxardamxar CaaxSo winaaRmdegoba. misi saxelia gila hor-

ni. davarwmune, rom ungreTi, rogorc `socialisturi

banakis~ yvelaze patara qveyana, sxvebze ufro gabedu-

li unda yofiliyo. dRes Cven megobrebi varT. sagareo

saqmeTa ministri rom gaxda, Tavis avstriel kolegas-

Tan, aloiz mokTan erTad 1989 wlis zafxulSi gadaWra

`rkinis fardis~ mavTulxlarTebi, Semdeg me Semcvala

SvedeTis mSvidobis kvlevis institutis (SiPri) gamgeoba-

Si, stokholmSi, xolo bolos, 1990 wels aaxenis karlos

didis priziT daajildoves.

1968 wlis Semodgomaze JenevaSi birTvuli iaraRis

armqone saxelmwifoebis didi konferencia Catarda.

brandts surda, federaluri republikisTvis strategiu-

li pozicia ganemtkicebina atomuri teqnikis mSvidobiani

gamoyenebis mniSvnelovani potenciis gamo. fasi, romlis

75

gadaxdasac am makoordinerebeli rolisTvis vapireb-

diT unda yofiliyo anonsi, rom boni gauvrceleblobis

xelSekrulebas xels moawerda, rac SigniT ukve gadawyve-

tili gaxldaT. brandtis reaqciis mowme gavxdi, rodesac

kizingerma faqsi gamougzavna miTiTebiT, Cemi gamosvli-

dan Sesabamisi adgili amoiReo. brandti afeTqda: `rogor

vkadreb sakuTar Tavs, am nacistisgan miviRo miTiTebebi~.

yvelas didi Zalisxmeva dagvWirda, rom Segvekavebina, ma-

Sinve apirebda gadadgomas. bolos daeTanxma arguments,

romelic me moviSvelie: mosaxleoba am mizeziT gadadgo-

mas ver gaigebs bundestagis arCevnebamde Tormeti TviT

adre-meTqi. am SemTxvevam ganumtkica azri: `erTi xmiT

metic rom mqondes, vecdebi gavxde kancleri~. misi Ta-

vdapirveli ganwyoba, rom didi koalicia politikurad

arabunebrivi warmonaqmni iyo, ar ganelebula.

brandts erTi suli hqonda, rodis dasruldeboda

didi koalicia. veneri da Smidti did koaliciaSi Tavs

masze bevrad ukeT grZnobdnen. ormoci wlis Semdegac ki

amtkicebda zogierTi, maSin didi koaliciis gagrZeleba,

rogorc alternativa, arsebobdao. me mimaCnia, rom: am

SemTxvevaSi ar iarsebebda ganmuxtvis politika da, Se-

saZloa, arc germania gaerTianebuliyo.

1969 wlis martSi gustav hainemani mesame turSi air-

Cies federalur prezidentad Tavisufali demokrate-

bis xmebiT. es faqti, zogadad, xelisuflebis cvlilebis

uvertiurad aRiqmeboda, magram mTlad darwmunebulic

ver viqnebodiT. erTi xeli banqo rom viTamaSeT, `Cemma~

saxelmwifos meTaurma gamafrTxila, Seni viski stumarTa

wignSi Seitaneo, am wigns `federaluri sagadasaxedo inspe-

qciisTvis warsadgen gamaspinZlebis sabuTs~ uwodebda. `ra

cudia, rom vili banqos ar TamaSobs. gadaeci, yvelaze didi

76

fraqciis wevrs ki ar warvadgen federalur kanclerad,

aramed imas, vinc umravlesobas moipovebs. federaluri

prezidenti imisTvis ki ar var, parlamentSi uari miviRoo~.

sagareo uwyebaSi muSaobam mniSvnlovani codna SemZina.

sagareo uwyeba ar qmnis sagareo politikas, igi mxolod

axorcielebs mas. da es saqme kargidan Cinebulamde ahyavs

xelmZRvanelobis miTiTebebis mixedviT, gindac es mi-

TiTebebi araswori iyos sakuTari interpretaciiT, Tuki

axali miTiTebebi ar arsebobs.

rogorc wesi, sxvadasxva xarisxis daZabuloba sagareo

saqmeTa saministrosa da federaluri kancleris aparats

Soris sul aris. erTni Tavs grZnoben germaniis sagareo

interesebis kargad informirebul mcvelebad, meoreni

ki Sehyureben Sida politikuri Zalauflebis wyaros da

fundaments – arCevnebs. `direqtorTa wreSi~, rogorc

xelmZRvaneli TanamSromlebis yoveldRiur Sekrebas

uwodebdnen, xSirad mesmoda mouridebeli gineba kanc-

leris aparatis wvrilfexobis mimarT, romlebic Tavs

uflebas aZlevdnen, miTiTebebi gaecaT. sagareo uwyebis

maRali rangis moxeleebi, romlebic kancleris aparatSi

gadaiyvanes samuSaod, miyvebodnen, mxolod iq mivxvdiT,

rom mTavrobis saTaveSi mdgar erT adamianSi iyris Tavs

saSinao, partiuli da piradi interesebic kio. es aris de-

mokratiis fasi. magram Tuki kancleri Zalauflebis Se-

narCunebas gamoacxadebs prioritetad, misi mizani legi-

timuri ki iqneba, magram qveynisTvis saziano aRmoCndeba.

saxelmwifo mdivanma dukvitcma, romelic `dilis wir-

vas~ uZRveboda, rogorc direqtorebis Sekrebas veZaxdiT,

(bonSi!) gadmomca feradi liTografia berlinis xediT da

ase damemSvidoba: `Tqven, rogorc Cveni uwyebis sando we-

vri, gadaxvalT mtruli xazis iqiT samuSaod~.

77

naxtomi mwvervalze

kviras, 1969 wlis 28 seqtembers wina dReebis facifuci

Cacxra. risi gakeTebac SeiZleboda, davasruleT. mSvi-

dad var da vilis venusbergze vxvdebi – iq mdebareobda

sagareo saqmeTa ministris samsaxureobrivi vila – marto

seirnobs, SemarTulia, seriozuli, xalisiani, imedaRsa-

vse, ukeTesis momlodine. marTalia, saubrisas paTetikas

veridebiT, magram sakuTari xma mesmis: `Tu saqme saqmeze

midgeba, istoriis erT-erTi figura ki aRar iqnebi, ara-

med istoriis Semqmneli. amas veRar Secvli, yoveli dRe

mniSvnelovani iqneba. gadawyvetilebebis miReba mogiwevs

da imis dacva, rac sworad migaCnia da Sesabamisad, ise-

Ti Zlieri pozicia geqneba partiaSi, rogorc arasdros~.

usityvod gadioda wuTebi. xangZlivi dumili siarulisas

ufro SeumCnevelia, vidre jdomisas. Semdeg Camoayaliba

kabinetisa da fraqciis personaluri Semadgenlobis Se-

saxeb xedva da mkiTxa, Sen ras isurvebdio. vupasuxe, di-

dad arc axla mainteresebs tituli, mxolod iseTi posti

minda, romlis saSualebiTac Cvens sagareo politikaSi

moRvaweobas SevZleb-meTqi. mTxova, Seelis telefonis

nomeri gamigeo. saubarisas Tavisufali demokratebis

78

lideri ise aRar omaxianobda, rogorc, ramdenime dRis

winaT, televiziiT gamosvlisas.

partiis ofisSi Semosuli pirvelive Sedegi Tavzardam-

cemi aRmoCnda. 47 procenti – qristian-demokratiul

partias, 40 procenti – social-demokratiul partias.

dilas naTqvami maxsendeba: Tavi gavimasxaraveT. vili

ganmartoebas amjobinebs da aravis naxva ar surs. arc ki

vici, ra vuTxra. dambladacemuliviT var. yvelaze erT-

guli megobaric ki uZluria aseT momentSi. ara mxolod

obieqturad, subieqturadac vili Tu SeZlebda aseT eg-

zistencialur momentSi sakuTari politikuri cxovrebis

bedi gadaewyvita. dasabuTebuli, saqmiani poziciis Camo-

sayalibeblad meti dro mWirdeba, vidre vilis rCeboda.

Tavisi siZliere da gamWriaxoba axla unda gamoeCina. me

amdens ver gavuZlebdi. is gancdebi arasodes damaviwyde-

ba. msgavsi momenti aRarasdros dagvdgomia.

imRamindeli Tavyriloba dRevandeliviT maxsovs. so-

cial-demokratiuli partiis elita Sekrebiliyo – dar-

baiseli, gamocdili, Zalauflebis fasis mcodne, Wkvia-

ni adamianebi. zogierTi maTgani darwmunebuli iyo, rom

kanclerobas SeZlebda, bevrs didi koaliciis gagrZeleba

ewada kancler kizingeris xelmZRvanelobiT. SemaSfoTa

imis warmodgenam, rom ganmuxtvisa da aRmosavleTis Cve-

neuli politika TamaSad SeiZleboda darCeniliyo.

da Semdeg, rodesac televiziiT gamarjvebaSi darwmu-

nebuli kizingeri da aRtacebuli barceli aCvenes da niq-

sonis milocvac gaaxmaures, gamovida brandti, gadamwyve-

ti satelefono saubari ukve dasrulebuliyo SeelTan, da

ganacxada, rom Zalauflebaze hqonda pretenzia da yvela

daemorCila qarizmatul liders. cieb-cxelebis Semdeg

79

sixarulma daisadgura, yvela erTmaneTs ise exveoda,

TiTqos sxvanairi Sedegi arc SeiZleboda damdgariyo.

federaluri kancleris kabinetSi masTan marto darCe-

nilma moridebulad mivuloce: `aTwliani TanamSromlo-

bis Semdeg gavicani iseTi vili brandti, rogoris naxvac

bevrjer minatria~. araferi upasuxia. ise Cveulebrivad

ganaxlda TanamSromloba, TiTqos araferi momxdariyos.

me mas vawvdi situaciis analizs, rogorsac amerikaSi `Pre-sident elect~-s umzadeben. federalur respublikaSi amis

gamocdileba raxan ar gagvaCnda, Sevaxsene: `momaval or

kviraSi mogiwevs gaukvalav Tovlze siaruli. amerikis

mTeli gamocdileba erTmniSvnelovnad miuTiTebs, rom am

periodSi momavali meTauris nebismieri sajaro gamosvla

nebismier sakiTxze raRac mniSvnelovans Seicavdes~. gar-

da amisa, vurCie, – kizingers miswere da SeuTvale, `Tavi

SvebulebaSi gasulad igrZeni-Tqo!~.

Semdeg sxva mTavrobebis meTaurebisTvis unda mog-

vemzadebina werilebi, maTTvis, vinc ukve mogviloca,

maT Soris, ssrks-s ministrTa sabWos TavmjdomarisT-

vis, `kolega kosiginisTvis~, rogorc waixumrebda xolme

brandti. mas uTvlida `Cvens qveynebs Soris urTierTobe-

bis gaumjobesebis mizniT Sexvedrisa da azrTa gacvla-ga-

mocvlis mzaobas~.

meore dRes vurekav niqsonis mrCevels usafrTxoe-

bis sakiTxebSi, henri kisinjers. ramdenjerme moibodiSa,

sainformacio cnobebs daveyrdeniT da gvegona, kizin-

geri isev airCieso. arc prezidents da arc administra-

cias preferencia ar gaaCniao. brandtis mTavrobasTan

muSaobas mivesalmebiTo. me vuioleb, rac iyo, davivi-

wyoT-meTqi. kisinjeri mamcnobs, oficialurad dagpati-

Jeb sagareo saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT vaSingtonSio.

80

brandti xalisobs. araferi uWirs super-saxelmwifos,

cota Sefucxundeso.

axal federalur kanclersac federaluri sasazR-

vro dacvis samsaxuri icavs da ara jari. misi orkestri

misalmebis prusiuli marSis Semdeg berlinur simReras

asrulebs. sanam brandti samxedro formirebas Cauvlis,

welgamarTuli da gaqvavebuli saxiT, vgrZnob, ar vcde-

bodi, roca vfiqrobdi, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros

gareSe pirdapir Sionebergis ratuSidan pale SaumburgSi

naxtomi ar gamovidoda.

verafers dauwuneb adenaueris aparatis ufrosis,

hans globkes kabinets, sadac awi momiwevs muSaoba. mi-

saRebisTvis calke Sesasvleli, samdivnos gverdis avliT;

sakuTari sapirfareSo, satelefono xazi kanclerTan,

romliTac momavalSi is ufro xSirad isargeblebs, vidre

– me, calke satelefono sistema ministrebTan da erTic

Cveulebrivi aparati. moltkes lenbaxis mier Sesrule-

buli naxati mTel sivrces ikavebs. personali angariSs

miwevs da mekiTxeba, sxvas xom ar amjobinebTo? mtkiced

vpasuxob: `rasakvirvelia, ara~. zedmetad xmauriani miTq-

ma-moTqma `did mdumares~ sazianod miaCnda, demokratia-

Si, miTumetes. arc brandtma isurva raime Seecvala kanc-

leris kabinetSi. igi dajda adenaueris sawer magidasTan,

da yvelaferi xeluxleblad daatovebina, naxatebis CaT-

vliT. urCevnia tradiciis ganmgrZobad aRiqvan.

81

dasawyisi vaSingtonSi

swrafi mipatiJebis wyalobiT, samTavrobo programis war-

dgenamde kisinjerma miiRo axali koaliciis aRmosavle-

Tis politikis Ria da vrceli daxasiaTeba. uaRresad

saintereso sacdeli garbeni iyo, radgan mxardaWeris

ga reSe, amerikelebis Cumi Tanxmobis gareSe mainc, poli-

tikuri kursis Secvla saTuo iyo da did risks gviqadda.

ver warmomedgina, niqsonis mrCeveli usafrTxoebis sa-

kiTxebSi TeTri saxlis sardafis erT patara oTaxSi Tu

damxvdeboda. henrim undoblad Sexeda Cvens gamowvevas da

bevri kiTxva damisva. gansakuTrebiT dainteresda, sworad

afasebdnen Tu ara axali xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi

dasaxuli gegmebis ganzomilebas. asea Tu ise, yoveldRe

ar xdeboda, rom germanelebs, rusebTan erTad, maT Soris

mdebare qveynebis gverdis avliT daewyoT molaparakebebi.

rodesac kiTxvebs bolo aRar uCanda, Sevagebe, konsulta-

ciisTvis ki ar movsulvar, ambis mosayolad movedi, Cven

am gegmebs upirobod ganvaxorcielebT-meTqi. es axlebu-

rad laparaks niSnavda.

brandts rom berlinis krizisis dros ndoba ar moepo-

vebina, sabWoTa kavSirs rom ar scodnoda, rom aSS Cvenze

Tvalyuris devnas ar moiSlida, kisinjeri ar gamandobda,

rom mas kremlTan, sagareo saqmeTa saministros gverdiT

82

avliT, hqonda saidumlo sakomunikacio arxi da arc imas

SemomTavazebda, mzad var, pale SaumburgTanac gavWra ase-

Tive pirdapiri arxio. mis winadadebas maSinve daveTanxme.

ukeTess verafers vinatrebdi. erTmaneTs gavakontroleb-

diT da undoblobas aRmovfxravdiT. me mas brandtis mier

kosiginisTvis miwerili werilis Sesaxeb vuambe, aRvniSne

isic, pasuxi werilze jer rom ar gvqonda. gamomSvidobi-

sas ki miTxra: `Tqveni warmateba Cveni warmateba iqneba~.

brandts aRtacebulma vuambe, man SvebiT amoisunTqa da

manamde gaumetebeli fraziT Semaqo: `Zalian kargi~. ki-

sinjers dRemde vemadlierebi. mis gareSe ganmuxtvis po-

litika ar ganxorcieldeboda.

federaciis axali rwmunebulis rangSi gavfrindi

berlinSi, sadac yvela saministros hqonda warmomad-

genloba, aRmovaCine, rom berlinSi meti TanamSromeli

gvyavda, vidre bonSi, davaTvaliere Cemi `rezidencia~

piuklerStraseze, sadac, adenaueris msgavsad, axla

brandtsac SeeZlo Ramis gaTeva. Tanac, es Senoba arasaja-

ro saubrebisTvisac xelsayreli iqneboda, gansakuTre-

biT, amerikis elCTan da mis sabWoTa kolegasTan Sesaxve-

drad gamodgeboda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am ukanasknels

berlinSi rwmunebebi ar gaaCnda. germaniis gaerTianebis

Semdeg es vila federaluri prezidentis rezidenciad

iqca.

bonSi miviRe israelis elCi azher ben-naTani, kurd

iurgensis umcros Zmas hgavda aRnagobiT, Tvalisa da

Tmis feriT. arCevnebSi gamarjveba mogviloca da aRniSna,

awi yvelaferi ufro iolad mogvardebao. SevewinaaRmde-

ge: ufro Zneli iqneba-meTqi, radgan axla aq sxedan ada-

mianebi, romelTac maTi warsulis gamo ver daaSantaJeb,

isini Tavs gaTavisuflebulad grZnoben da ara damarcxe-

83

bulad-meTqi. am mkveTri sityvebis bazaze kargi TanamS-

romloba ganmtkicda.

amasobaSi sagareo saqmeTa axalma ministrma Seelma

Tanxmoba ganacxada, gvemsjela jer kidev didi koaliciis

mimarT sabWoTa kavSiris SeTavazebul winadadebaze Zalis

argamoyenebis Sesaxeb. paul frankisgan, sagareo saqmeTa

saministros momavali saxelmwifo mdivnisgan vicodi, rom

mniSvnelovani misiebis win jobs Tavad Camowero mimar-

Tulebebi, raTa Tavidan airido Seusrulebeli moTxovne-

bi. me es sagulisxmo rCeva aRar damWirvebia; Seels mimar-

Tulebebis gansazRvra zedmetad miaCnda, mainc yvelaferi

zepirad icio. ase rom, brandtma da Seelma damavales,

instruqciebis gareSe mosinje gromikosTan, ganxorcie-

lebis rogori Sansi aqvs axali federaluri mTavrobis

koncefciaso.

moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebas uvertiura uZRoda. ar min-

doda, magram mTavrobis spikeris konrad alersis daJine-

buli Txovnis gamo davTanxmdi sabWoTa JurnalistTan

Sexvedraze. Sobis wina Rames, saweri magida rom mivalage,

maSin Sedga is Sexvedra. gavicani valeri lednevi, warmo-

sadegi, meloti kaci, Tavidan ubralo kiTxvebi damisva,

mere ki erT wamSi momnusxa, radgan brandtis mier ko-

siginisTvis miwerili werilis frazebi moixmo. mTavari,

rac miTxra: sabWoTa mxare mzad aris daxurul kars miR-

ma azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisTvis. politbiuros mxolod

xuTma wevrma icis Cemi davalebis Sesaxebo. bonSi sabWoTa

saelCo saqmis kursSi ar ariso. madloba gadavuxade da

vamcne, ianvris bolos moskovSi Camoval-meTqi. aRmiTqva,

SevxvdeT aseTive viTarebaSio.

saSobao naZvisxis morTvis dro sadRa rCeboda. brandts

davureke. madloba gadamixada (rac iSviaTad xdeboda) am

84

mSvenieri saSobao saCuqrisTvis da Cveni arxis saSuale-

biT kisinjersac Seatyobina. awi aRar gvadardebda, ras

upasuxebda hainemani ulbrixts. am ukanasknalma federa-

lur prezidents, imisaTvis, rom brandtis samTavrobo

gancxadebaze mietana ieriSi, xelSekrulebis iseTi SeTa-

vazeba gaugzavna, romelze saubaric warmoudgeneli iyo

da amitom upasuxod darCa. ulbrixti moskovTan Cvens

kontaqts veRar CaSlida.

1970 wlis 14 ianvars, moskovSi Cems gamgzavrebamde ori

kviriT adre, brandtma waradgina Tavisi pirveli moxsene-

ba qveyanaSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. masSi man Za-

lis argamoyenebis valdebuleba gamoacxada `aRmosavleT

evropis qveynebTan dRes arsebuli politikuri sakiTxe-

bis mogvarebis fundamentad~, radgan `imedi ar arsebobs,

rom germaneli eri, rogorc erTi mTliani, uaxloes xanSi

SeZlebs samSvidobo xelSekrulebis dadebas~. sxva sityve-

biT: Cvens koncefcias ganusazRvreli vadiT da yovlis-

momcvelad unda moegvarebina urTierTobebi aRmosavleT

evropasTan, sanam es samSvidobo xelSekrulebiT iqneboda

SesaZlebeli. maSin federaciul respublikaSi es didad

salaparako ar gamxdara, gansxvavebiT sabWoTa kavSiris-

gan, sadac, darwmunebuli var, es sakiTxi safuZvlianad

Seiswavles. garda amisa, amasobaSi federalurma mTavro-

bam gauvrceleblobis xelSekrulebas moawera xeli, ra-

mac, albaT, gromikos, niu iorkSi brandtTan Sexvedra

gaaxsena.

85

mesame nawili –

triumfi da tragedia

moskovSi

elCi helmut alardti aRfrTovanebiT ar Semxvedria, ga-

sagebia, Tavze daasves kaci, romelic pirvelad iyo mos-

kovSi. saubari usiamovnod daiwyo. man Seuracxyofad mii-

Ro, rom sagareo saqmeTa saministros protokolis erTi

dabali rangis TanamSromeli gamouSves CvenTan Sesaxve-

drad. magram me Tavad vwyvetdi, rodis megrZno Tavi ara-

saTanadod dafasebulad.

alardtma iukadrisa Cemi Catanili Celos yuTisTvis

moekida xeli, egona, aseTi TvalSi mosaxvedri saCuqari

mxolod delegaciis xelmZRvanels mouvidoda TavSio. am

dros, Celos yuTi, Cemi sastumros nomerSi rom mivita-

neT, aRmoCnda sagareo uwyebis samarTlebrivi ganyofile-

bis ufrosis, batoni fon treskovis saCuqari: viskiTa da

Sesabamisi WiqebiT aRWurvili namdvili bari.

sanam germaniis televiziisTvis mcire komentars vake-

Tebdi, zurgsukan gadaWdobil xelebSi patara baraTi

Ca mi des, lednevi mwerda, sastumroSi dagirekavo. Cveni

de legacia sastumro `ukrainis~ ocdamerve sarTulze

cxov robda. acimcimebuli qalaqis STambeWdavi xedi krem-

lis oqros gumbaTebamde swvdeboda. am qveynis ramde-

ni mkvda ri da cocxali moqalaqis bedi gadauwyvetiaT

am qa laq Si! rogori grZnobiT davtovebdi mas, es azri

86

namdvilad mTrgunavda. mxolod mogvianebiT mivxvdi, ras

gulisxmobda hainrix abertci Tavis memuarebSi am Cems vi-

zitze: `brandtis xeldasmiT, magram mainc marto gaeSura

oficialuri politikis frontze~.

lednevi gamoCnda. sastumros restornis centrSi pa-

tara magidisken wamiZRva da miTxra: `arasodes airCio ma-

gida kuTeSi an svetebTan. ismineba~. es mxolod erT rames

cxadyofda: igi kgb-dan ar iyo. leom, rogorc male ga-

vuSinaurdiT, miTxra, saelCos xval SevatyobinebT, rom

zeg gromiko Segxvdebao. Turme, leos aRafrTovanebda

germanuli literatura, sjeroda, rom Cvens qveynebs So-

ris axali urTierTobis CamoyalibebaSi Seitanda wvlils

– sando, naTeli da erTguli adamiani aRmoCnda.

ministri, rogorc vaSingtonSi, aseve moskovSic sa-

gareo saqmeTa saministros meSvide sarTulze ijda. ma-

gidas orTave mxares rvani Semosxdomodnen. gromiko

bolos Semovida da ise momesalma, rogorc nacnobs niu

iorkidan. sityva me damiTmo, es Tavazianoba masac uqmni-

da xelsayrel mdgomareobas. mxolod ramdenime Canawerze

dayrdnobiT, zepirad vilaparake Cven mier dagegmili aR-

mosavleTis politikis zogad koncefciaze. saerTo unda

gamogveZebna, Tu ndobis Camoyalibeba gvindoda. Cveni

saelCos warmomadgenlebi, rusebis msgavsad, gamalebiT

iwerdnen saubars, maTac pirvelad esmodaT es sityvebi.

naxevari saaTis Semdeg gromikomac imave xangrZlivobiT

ilaparaka da gaukvirda, myisierad rom vupasuxe kri-

tikul kiTxvebze. diskusiam sam saaTs gastana.

leos komentari: gromiko breJnevs eqvsi saaTis gan-

mavlobaSi abarebda angariSs. awi ra moxdeboda, jer ga-

dawyvetili ar hqondaT. perspeqtivebi jer kidev bun-

dovani Canda. mkiTxa, xom ar isurveb profesori giorgi

87

arbatovi gagacno, amerika-kanadis institutis direqto-

rio. rasakvirvelia, Tanxmoba ganvucxade. mxolod oci

wlis mere gamimxila arbatovma, kgb-s maSindelma Sefma

iuri andropovma damavala, kbili mousinjeo. igive iTq-

moda oficialuri Sexvedrebis donezec. meore Sexvedri-

sas gromikos gverdze vladimir semionovi ijda, yofi-

li umaRlesi komisari germaniaSi. man bonis saxelmwifo

mdivnis Sefasebisas valentin falinis mosazrebebi gana-

vrco, falini kerketi kakali gaxldaT, germaniis sakiTxi

mas ebara, Tumca germaniaSi namyofic ar iyo. isev sami

saaTi visaubreT; es dro iqca kviraSi orjer Cveni Sexve-

drebis formatad. uceb lafsusi aRmovuCine: gromikom

araferi icoda gaeros qartiis 53-e da 107-e muxlebis

germaniaze gavlenis Sesaxeb. ar mindoda Semercxvina da

taqtianad Sevuswore, Tan sayovelTaod cnobili mexsie-

reba Sevuqe. semionovma da falinma kmayofilebiT Cai-

cines, gromikom ki, rogorc WeSmarit profesionalebs

sCveviaT, koreqtura maSinve gaiTavisa. mivxvdi, ras niS-

navs Sinagani simSvide.

leom `slava~ gamacno. mxarbeWiani, tansruli, didmuq-

Tvaleba kaci, xels mogatexda, iseTi misalmeba icoda. ra

gvari iyo, dRemde ar vici. is uZRveboda Sexvedras, maSa-

sadame, ufrosi iyo, mere brandtTan gamovTqvi varaudi,

albaT orive generaluri mdivnis aparatidanaa, yovel

SemTxvevaSi, gromikoze zemdgomni arian-meTqi. visadileT

JurnalistTa klubSi, sadac adre gorki qeifobda xolme;

slavam aRniSna, valeris naTqvami ise gavige, TiTqos kosi-

ginTan saubris survili gamogeTqvaTo. niu iorkSi miRe-

buli gamocdilebis wyalobiT maSinve mivuge: sworad gai-

geT-Tqo. `maSin vecdebiT SegaxvedroT~, Semageba pasuxad.

88

saRamos, seirnobisas, slavam da leom komplimentebiT

amavses: – sami saaTi bWobda politbiuro, unda mieRe Tu

ara kosiginso. aTwleulebis Semdeg pirvelad iTaTbires

seriozulad germaniis sakiTxzeo. meore dilas saelCo-

Si aravis gasCenia kiTxva, ras niSnavda kosiginis miwveva.

naSuadRevs leom moulodneli dabrkolebis Sesaxeb Se-

matyobina: `wverianma kacma darekao~. isteriuli reaqcia

hqonia ulbrixts, roca gaugia, kosigins Cemi naxva rom

undoda. `wkipze idga es ambavi, magram Sexvedra Sedgebao~.

SeiZleba sabWoTa mxare SeSfoTda, radgan bonidan

CemTvis mocemuli veranairi miTiTeba ver moismines, ver

gaSifres da ver aRmoaCines, am dros me marTla vnerviu-

lobdi: aranairi gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia Cvens mra-

valricxovan moxsenebebs, arc SekiTxva, arc miniSneba, arc

rCeva. amitomac metad damainteresa ambavma, rom indoeT-

Si mimavali Seelis TviTmfrinavi moskovSi dajdeboda.

sabWoTa diplomatebis erTi jgufi, semionovis xelmZRva-

nelobiT, germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs uxvi sauz-

miT gaumaspinZlda. semionovma gankarguleba gasca, – `air

indias~ TviTmfrinavi manam dayovndeba, sanam stumari

sauzmobso. Zalauflebis saintereso demonstracia iyo.

Cems Sewuxebul kiTxvaze Seelma mSvidad mipasuxa: `sanam

Cvengan dumilia, yvelaferi wesrigSia. gaagrZeleT, rasac

akeTebT~. Rame Tvali ver movxuWe, kosiginTan Sesaxve-

drad vemzadebodi. es Sexvedra daadasturebda moskovSi

Cemi misiis warmatebas Tu warumateblobas.

meore dilas kremls unda vwveodi. mersedesi ubralo

saTadarigo karTan gaCerda. protokolis warmomadgene-

li germanulad mogvesalma; dacvis oficeri samxedro

wesiT, usityvod da liftisken migvaniSna. zeviT medi-

duri nabijiT migviZRoda grZel derefanSi. CamiCumi ar

89

ismoda, kaciSvili ar WaWanebda. oficerma kari gamoaRo;

protokolis warmomadgenelma oriode sityviT gviCurCu-

la, stalinis samuSao oTaxiao. maRali orfrTiani kari

gaaRes. kosiginma ramdenime nabiji gadmodga Cemken, xeli

gamomiwoda da gamiZRva grZeli magidisken, romlis bo-

los saweri magida idga, Cem win dajda, zurgiT fanjris-

ken. Tarjimanma misi misalmeba rom miTargmna, gaisma:

`gismenT~.

Cemi cxovrebis urTulesi da usiamovno monologi

wavikiTxe. sanam saubris magvari ram Sedgeboda, saxeze

nervi ar astokebia, gayinuli lurji Tvalebi momapyro.

federaluri kancleris mokiTxva gadaveci da Zalis ar-

gamoyenebis germanuli koncefcia gavacani. misi TxuT-

metwuTiani uemociobis Semdeg sityva gavamZafre, Cem win

mjomi kaci mainc ar Seryeula, bolos, provokaciaze ga-

davedi da warmovTqvi: `dumili ar kmara~. SeeZlo Tavis

Tavze mieRo an sakuTar sagareo saqmeTa ministrze. gro-

mikosTan saubrebSi did winaaRmdegobad gamoikveTa Cveni

pozicia, rom germanel xalxs grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi

saxelmwifos gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba ar unda Cahket-

voda. realistebi varT da viciT, rom TqvenTvis ulbrix-

ti ufro axlobelia, vidre brandti-meTqi, davZine. mokav-

SireTa arcerT mxares Soris ar unda gaCndes undobloba.

rogorc iqna, xma amoiRo da mipasuxa, grZelvadian

miznebze saubars axla azri ar aqvso. `Cven iaraRs ar

vaJRarunebT~, magram bonSi Tavdacvis axal ministrs bun-

desveris gaZliereba surso. sxva Zalebi dainteresebuli

arian, rom federaluri respublika sabWoTa kavSiris

winaaRmdeg farad moiSvelioTo. vupasuxe, gvendeT, Cven

ar gadavaWarbebT aliansisTvis Sepirebul zeda zRvars,

romelic 495 000 kacs gulisxmobs-meTqi, magram mzad

90

varT, SevamciroT xidebis samSeneblo mZime teqnika-meTqi.

radgan evropis Cvens nawilSi mdinareebi samxreTidan

Crdi loeTisken miedinebian, es iqneba Cveni TavdacviTi

pozicis gamovlineba-meTqi. ase moilaparakes brandtma

da Tavdacvis ministrma, georg leberma-meTqi. aseve ga-

vauqmebT savele lazareTebs, romelTa daniSnuleba Tav-

dasxmiTi xasiaTis aris-meTqi. es Semdeg sabWoTa samxedro

eqspertebmac daadastures. marTlac, Cveni ganmuxtvis

politikis sawyis etapze, bundesverma piradi Semadgen-

lobis umaRles niSnuls miaRwia, Tumca amas araferi

mohyolia.

kosiginma misayvedura, federalur respublikaSi isev

iTxoven germaniis gaerTianebas 1937 wlis sazRvrebSio;

vinc ase azrovnebs, is oms ar gamoricxavso. me mas Se-

vaxsene brandtis samTavrobo gancxadeba, romelic es-

wrafvoda Zalis argamoyenebas yvela saxelmwifos mier

dRes arsebul sazRvrebSi, magram Tavi ver Sevikave da

vurCie: `nu endobiT maT, vinc getyviT, rom germania

gayofas Seegua; is an sulelia, an matyuara~.

kosiginma Semdeg dasZina, Tanaxma var federalur kan-

clers daxurul kars miRma Sevxvde saubris gasagrZele-

blado da mkiTxa, partiul kontaqtebze ras fiqrobT,

Tu gamogvadgebao. radgan mis qveyanaSi partia marTav-

da saxelmwifos, orive mxares waadgeba-meTqi – mivuge.

es iqca ideologiur sakiTxebze gadasasvlel frazad,

gromikosTan amas araviTari roli ar uTamaSia. SevZe-

li damewynarebina: mxolod mSvidobian Tanaarseboba-

ze vsaubrobT-meTqi; ideologiuri Tanaarseboba orive

qveyanas moutans zians da partiebs gaanadgurebs-meTqi.

sabWoTa kavSirs ar uWirda biurgerul partiebTan Ta-

91

namSromloba. axla varkvevdiT, rogor Seegueboda axal

realobas – social-demokratiul federalur mTavrobas.

rogorc iqna, Cemi Tanamosaubre modunda da Tavisi

qveynis ekonomikur problemebze daiwyo saubari. Cveni Ta-

namSromloba, Seusabamobis gamo, naklebmniSvnelovaniao.

kosigini, sinamdvileSi, msoflios yvelaze didi sawarmos

generaluri direqtori galdaT, romelsac sabWoTa kavSi-

ri ewodeboda, magram vili brandtTan politikuri mola-

parakebebis partniorad ar gamodgeboda. bolos mkiTxa,

kidev raimes Tqma xom ar gsurTo. vTxove, keTilganwyo-

biT ganixileT gansakuTrebiT mZime SemTxvevebSi qveynidan

gasvlis nebarTvis gacema-meTqi. ikiTxa: `ramdeni arian~.

haeridan davabrexve cifri: `samocdaori~. `falins gadae-

ciT sia~. samocdaori `saqme~ 196 piris siad iqca – moxu-

ci, axalgazrda, omis daviwyebuli tyveebi, aRmosavleT

prusielebi, bevr maTgans mravaljer hqonda gasvlaze

uari miRebuli. saelCos ar sjeroda warmatebis, magram

mainc guldasmiT imuSaves siis Sedgenaze. falinma Cems

gamgzavrebamde Caibara sia, erTi Tvis Semdeg ki saelCos

baRSi 196 bednieri adamiani vixile. sajaro triumfisgan

sruliad SevikaveT Tavi. ndoba unda SegvenarCunebina.

Semdeg ulbrixti Tavad Cavida moskovSi. garTulebe-

bis Tavidan asacileblad gromikom me da Cemi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani TanamSromeli karl-verner zane lenin-

gradSi migvipatiJa. Cqari matarebeli sakmaod nela mi-

dioda, rom gaTenebamde ar Casuliyo leningradSi, gzaSi

Cvenma Tanmxlebma leom gviambo, kosigini keTilganwyobiT

gamoexmaura TqvenTan saubarso, imis miuxedavad, rom be-

vri iseTi ram miTqvams, rac mas sruliad ar moswonebia.

`warmodgena ar gaqvT, ra xdeba xelmZRvanel jgufSi.

unda gvacaloT. Cven ufro gviWirs, vidre – Tqven. Cven

92

Cveni mekavSireebi gvyavs. germaniis sakiTxi rTulia~. es

arbatovisgan ukve msmenoda. kacma rom Tqvas, Cveni pozi-

cia sabWoTa politikis axlebur orientacias moiTxovda.

moskovi amisTvis ufro naklebad iyo mzad, vidre mego-

na. Tavdapirveli varaudi, rom or kviraSi gavarkvevdiT

Cveni koncefciis vargisianobas, sruliad ararealuri

aRmoCnda. ramden xans gastanda am uzarmazari tankeris

– sabWoTa kavSiris Semobruneba, drois aranair prognozs

ar eqvemdebareboda.

slavas da leos vumadlodi, rom Cavwvdi, sabWoTa sis-

tema sulac ar iyo daxuruli, igi Caketili iyo. dasavleT-

Si sazogadoebrivi azri, rogorc wesi, amzadebda gadawy-

vetilebebs, romelTac, gacxadebisas, moulodnelobis

efeqti TiTqmis aRar gaaCndaT. amgvari procesi Senele-

buli gveCveneboda. moskovSi ki kidev ufro gaWianurebu-

li aRmoCnda. iqac arsebobda pluralizmi: gansxvavebu-

li mosazrebebi da interesebi politikis, samxedroebis,

saidumlo samsaxurebis, aparatebisa, administraciasa da

moqalaqeebs Soris. ar muSaobda brZanebisa da morCile-

bis principi. mxolod Canda ase, radgan gadawyvetilebis

miRebis Sida procesi saidumlod rCeboda da mniSvnelo-

vani gadawyvetilebebi ZiriTadad, SabaT-kviras cxaddebo-

da xolme. upiratesoba – moulodnelobis efeqti; nakli

– SiSisa da ganuWvretelobis gaRviveba. sabWoTa menta-

lobis reliqtebs dResac vawydebiT.

slavam da leom TavianT sistemaSi Cagvaxedes. Sida

procesebs vcnobdiT, nawilobriv vafasebdiT kidec da

gavlenis saSualebac ki gagvandes. isini iqceodnen ro-

gorc patriotebi, romelTac swamdaT, rom amerika, ro-

gorc sabWoTa sagareo politikis erTaderTi orientiri,

sakmarisi ar iyo; rom evropa da germania aucilebeli

93

faqtorebi gaxdebodnen. momavali aTwleulebis ganmavlo-

baSi maT arasdros mouwodebiaT CvenTvis yalbi infor-

macia. xdeboda, rom raRac ar icodnen an Tqmis ufleba

ar hqondaT, magram maT sityvas wyali ar gauvidoda. ase

ganmtkicda ndoba, romelic brandtidan Smidtze gadavi-

da da Semdeg kolze.

leningradis ermitaJis gamaognebeli STabeWdilebebi

ver gaanelebda omSi Tu SimSiliT daxocilTa, sneulTa

da gayinulTa bedze wuxils. dauviwyaria milioni adamia-

nis sasaflao... maT verc smolnis uzarmazari Senoba da

verc sxva revolucionerTa dabadebis qalaqebi Seedre-

boda. oci milioni msxverpli sabWoTa xelmZRvanelobis-

Tvis, germanelebTan axali politikis sarwmuno damaje-

rebl dasabuTebas saWiroebda. valentin falinma mTeli

ojaxi leningradis blokadisas dakarga da Cveni istoria

da ena Seiswavla, rom mimxvdariyo, rogor SeeZlo aseTi

kulturis ers usastikesi barbarosoba. igi Cemi partnio-

ri gaxda, romelTanac ufro xangrZlivad da xSirad

vsaubrobdi xolme, vidre gromikosTan.

94

SeveguoT an

gadavlaxoT sazRvrebi

gromiko Tavidanve ise mkafiod gamoxatavda saTqmels, uke-

Tess ver inatrebdi. `sanam sazRvrebze ar SevTanxmebul-

varT, araferzec ar SevTanxmebulvarT~. SeTanxmebaSi igi

Tavis mokavSireTa sazRvrebsac gulisxmobda. bevr evro-

pul mezobel qveyanas eSinoda, rom maTi gverdis avliT

Sedgeboda germaniasa da ruseTs Soris molaparakebebi,

magram sxvanairad warmoudgeneli iyo, mxolod moskovs

SeeZlo gadawyvetilebis miReba da mzad iyo saubrisT-

vis. me araferi mqonda sawinaaRmdego, Tundac imitom,

rom amgvari saubrisTvis gankuTvnili dro mokldeboda,

Tanac, aRmosavleTis blokis yvelas mier aRiarebuli wi-

namZRolis Zalauflebas Cveni politikis sasikeTod Cavr-

TavdiT da pasuxismgeblobasac davakisrebdiT.

`sazRvrebis~ ZiriTadi kompleqsis gaTvaliswinebiT

ganixileboda moskovTan yoveli molaparakebis Sedegebi.

me da falini pirispir Sexvedrebisas saaTobiT, dReebis

da kvirebis ganmavlobaSi vaTanxmebdiT sityvebs. kerZod,

sabWoTa kavSiris interesi, rom Seucvleli da daculi

unda yofiliyo sazRvrebi, eWvs ar iwvevda. magram swored

xelSeuvali status kvo gaxldaT CvenTvis miuRebeli.

ZiriTadi kanonisa da Cveni rwmenis Tanaxmad, germanias

95

gaerTianebis Sansi ar unda dahkargvoda da saxelmwifoeb-

rivi TviTgamorkvevis, maSasadame, germaniis sakiTxi Riad

unda dagvetovebina. amgvarad, molaparakebebis pirvelive

wris mimdinareobisas gaCnda idea momzadebuliyo werili,

romelzec zanesTan erTad vimuSave da romelic sabWoTa

mxares daubrkoleblad unda mieRo, radgan yvela ger-

manelis mSvidobiani TviTgamorkveva Cvens xelSekrule-

bas ar ewinaaRmdegeboda. rogorc iqna, mivageniT saWiro

sityvas – `Seulaxavi~, igi urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvel-

ze cvlilebas eqvemdebareboda, miTumetes, rom mere mas

daemata `werili germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb~.

termini `Seulaxavi~ xuTi wlis Semdeg euTk-s hel-

sinkis saboloo aqtis miRebamde SenarCunda. igi yvelam

aRiara. natos qveynebma (aSS-mac), varSavis xelSekrule-

bis qveynebma da neitralurma saxelmwifoebmac. amgvarad

germaniis Temaze kamaTi damTavrda. veravin warmoidgen-

da or germanul saxelmwifos Soris sazRvris urTierT

SeTanxmebul, mSvidobian gauqmebas. mxolod federaluri

mTavroba ganixilavda helsinkis, rogorc process, rome-

lic germaniis gaerTianebiT unda dasrulebuliyo.

meore kompleqsi Cveni kompetenciis sazRvrebs ukav-

Sirdeboda. arcerTi germanuli saxelmwifo ar iyo su-

verenuli. germaniis, rogorc mTlianis gankargvis xel-

Seuvali ufleba oTx gamarjvebul Zalas epyra. Cemi

safuZvliani argumenti, sabWoTa kavSiris interesSi ver

iqneboda sakuTari Zalauflebis ulbrixtisTvis gada-

cema, miTumetes, gdr-Tan dadebuli calke samSvidobo

xelSekrulebiT, gromikom miiRo, Tumca araferi uTqvams.

amgvarad, sabWoTa kavSirsa da gdr-s Soris samSvidobo

xelSekruleba, romelic 1958 wels xruSCovis mier wayene-

96

buli ultimatumis Semdeg dRis wesrigidan ar moxsnila,

axla dasamarda.

berlinis saqme ufro rTulad rCeboda. iq bons saer-

Tod ar gaaCnda kompetencia, magram, samagierod, sasi-

cocxlo interesebi hqonda. berlinis Sesaxeb saubari

msurda, magram raimeze SeTanxmeba – ara. rodesac gro-

miko amas mimixvda, pozicia Secvala, mxolod dasavleTis

ZalebTan moindoma berlinze laparaki da damayena amo-

canis winaSe, uzrunvelmeyo federaciuli respublikis

gavlena berlinis Sesaxeb molaparakebebze, romlis magi-

dasTanac jdomis ufleba ar hqonda.

araformalur doneze Segvatyobines, rom gdr-is pre-

mier-ministri vili Stofi federalur kanclers mos-

kovis gverdis avliT Sexvedras sTavazobda. ambavi, rom

brandti am Sexvedras amzadebda, moskovSi Cemgan ufro

male gaiges, vidre aRmosavleT berlinisgan. me iq davr-

Ci, radgan moskovis mimarT gulwrfelobis dadastureba

ufro mniSvnelovani iyo, vidre erfurtis SexvedraSi mo-

nawileoba. moskovma daxuruli satelefono xazis meSveo-

biT bonidan ufro swrafad, koreqtulad da dawvrilebiT

miiRo informacia erfurtSi gdr-isTvis arasasiamovno

movlenebis Sesaxeb, rogoric iyo xalxis mier barierebis

garRveva Sexvedris mimdinareobisas, vidre aRmosavleT

berlinidan. yuradRebidan ar gamohparviaT, rom brandti

cdilobda erfurtis sastumros fanjridan daeSoSmine-

bina xalxi, romelic `vilis~ gahyviroda. leom aRniSna:

`rac ginda Tqvi gdr-ze, raimes Caketva Tu gadawyvites,

akeTeben kidec~.

germaniis orive mTavrobis meTauris pirveli Sexvedra

mediisTvis siaxle iyo. magram erfurtis kadrebi Tavad

laparakobdnen, rac aRmosavleTSic da dasavleTSic, be-

97

vris gasakvirad, moulodnelei aRmoCnda: germanelebi Tu

miuSvi, gaerTianebas moindomebeno. erfurtSi Zireuli

veraferi gadawydeboda, sanam moskovSi ar mivaRwevdiT

rames.

iq ki Cveni muSaobis Sedegi aT punqtad CamovayalibeT.

mravlobiT formas vxmarob, radgan es erToblivi namuSe-

vari gaxldaT. avtorebi – gromiko, falini da me viyaviT.

xolo mogvianebiT `baris dokumenti~ rom daerqva, mcda-

ri da arasamarTliani gaxldaT. radgan falins fasdaude-

beli wvlili miuZRvoda martivi da daxvewili stilis

gamo. sanam dokuments Cvens mTavrobebs warvudgendiT da

molaparakebebis dawyebas vurCevdiT, gromikom damtanja.

miuxedavad imisa, rom teqsti ukve SeTanxmebuli gvqonda,

magrZnobina, germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb werils dave-

Tanxmebi, Tuki sazRvris Sesaxeb formulirebas – `Seu-

laxavi~ – ufro mZafri sityviT SecvliTo. vfiqrob, zed-

meti mouvida. pirad werilSi davusabuTe, rom teqsti ase

unda darCeniliyo, radgan Seesabameboda Cveni mTavrobe-

bis miznebsa da interesebs. `me ver da ar Sevicvli pozi-

cias Cemi mTavrobis winaSe, gansakuTrebiT im gamocdile-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac miviRe xangrZlivi diskusiebis

ganmavlobaSi~. werili rom gavagzavne, mxolod mere Se-

vatyobine Seels Cemi solo-gamosvlis Sesaxeb.

meore dRes falini momadga da mkiTxa, Seni werili fe-

deraluri mTavrobis azrsac Tu gamoxatavso. kakal-gul-

Si gaartya. me movityue, `diax!~. cota xnis Semdeg gromiko

SemogvierTda: bolo sxdomis win dro ar mqonda, Tqveni

da falinis SemuSavebul teqsts gavcnobodio. amasobaSi

wavikiTxe da veTanxmebio. ar SevimCnie, rogor momeSva

gulze da vuTxari, bonSi pozitiur moxsenebas gavagzav-

ni-meTqi. saelCoSi alardtma SampanuriT momiloca. mere

98

ki sagareo saqmeTa ministris depeSamac ar daaxana: gro-

mikosadmi miweril werilze dasturs maZlevda da Cems

pozicias iwonebda. ase aRmoifxvra tyuili. arasodes da-

vuviwyeb Seels am depeSas.

bonSi mokavSireebi warmatebul garRvevas gvilocavd-

nen. aTi punqti yvelas mivawodeT. magram jer Tavi qudSi

ar gvqonda; sanam es punqtebi mxolod qaRaldze ewera,

moskovs arafers avaldebulebda. varSavaSi dukvitcis

xelmZRvanelobiT molaparakebebi duned miedineboda.

axla alerdtic ki gvaCqarebda: `manam dahkar, sanam rkina

cxelia~. Seels ukve dajavSnili hqonda moskovis bileTi,

roca konstituciis ministrma, genSerma daadgina, doku-

ments gadamowmeba sWirdebao. brandti brdRvinavda, rom

konstituciis sakiTxebs misi kompetencia ar swvdeboda

da ukmexad Cailaparaka: `ser valterma Tavis partiul

megobarTan gaarkvioso~.

uxerxuli iyo, rom boni SeTavazebul da moskovisgan

dadasturebul Sexvedras auqmebda. Seelma Tavisi ver

gaitana da arc iman uSvela, kabinetis sxdomaze federa-

lurma kanclerma rom ganmarta, sagareo saqmeTa minis-

tris moskovSi gamgzavreba Cemi nebarTviT xdebao. gen-

Sers undoda qula Caewera da brandts vuTxari, SeiZleba

moaxerxos kidec-meTqi. ivnisis Sua ricxvebSi aTi punq-

ti sityva-sityviT gamoaqveyna Jurnalma `qviqma~. dRemde

ucnobia, vin miawoda maT es dokumenti. amiT mdgomareo-

ba Seicvala. ivlisis bolos Seeli moskovSi rom Cavida,

gromikom ganucxada: radgan aTi punqti, miuxedavad Cveni

SeTanxmebisa, sajaro gaxda, teqstze sabWoTa kavSiri ve-

Rar moilaparakebso. ori kviris ganmavlobaSi or sagareo

saqmeTa ministrs Soris molaparakebebi CixSi Sevida.

99

moulodnelad leo gamoCnda. Seelma myisve Tqva: `yve-

laferi kargad iqneba~. falinTan da slavasTan moTaTbi-

rebis Semdeg yinuli davZariT. meore da mesame muxlebi

gadavabiT da davakavSireT `sazRvris pativiscema~ da `Za-

lis argamoyeneba~. brandts piradi weriliT Sevatyobine,

rom `politbiuro wina Rames teqsts daeTanxma~. aRar

maxsovs, erTad seirnobisas romelma moifiqra es formu-

lireba, gromikom Tu Seelma. asea Tu ise, sagareo saq-

meTa orive ministrma moiwona. sami gamarjvebuli Zala

cdilobda Cveni meSveobiT mieRwia imisTvis, rac Tavad

ver SeZles da piriqiT, saqme gaarTules, magram Seelma

mtkiced gadawyvita, rom ver SegvaCerebdnen da parafire-

ba SeaTanxma. wina saRamos sane da me leom dagvpatiJa Ta-

vis oroTaxian binaSi, misi meuRle lidia blinebiT gagvi-

maspinZlda. leom gviTxra: `namdvilad ar vici, SeZlebT

Tu ara rodesme gaerTianebas, magram Tu es unda moxdes,

icodeT, xval dgamT am gzaze pirvel nabijso~.

*

federaluri kancleris pirveli viziti vaSingtonSi

Tavbrudamxvevad warmatebuli iyo. vertmfreniT gamg-

zavreba kemp devidSi, Cia-s Sefis moxseneba kosmosidan

fotos gadaRebis SesaZleblobaze – leninis mavzoleu-

mis win rigSi `pravdas~ saTauri ikiTxeboda. feodalebi-

viT migviRes `blear hausSi~, prezidentis oficialuri

stumrebis rezidenciaSi. rogorc iqna, marto davrCiT,

brandtma niqsonze qiliki daiwyo, ra usimpaTio kaciao.

gavafrTxile: ar gvismendnen-meTqi. damamSvida: moskovSi

ki ar varTo.

100

saRamos, TeTr saxlSi didi miRebis dros, Tavs megobre-

bis wreSi vgrZnobdiT, ara imitom, rom niqsoni brandtis

kisinjers meZaxda, aramed imitom, rom arc ki miuniSne-

biaT, Tqvens aRmosavleTis politikas gavakritikebT an

SevaferxebTo. warmatebis mauwyebeli iyo aseTi guliTa-

di urTierT gageba.

karga mogvianebiT Sevityve kisinjerisgan: rasakvir-

velia, gvismendnen. niqsons uTqvams, brandti ar mesimpa-

Tiureba, Tanac loTiao. kidev uaresi: henric dasTanxme-

bia! mere mTxova, nu gewyinebao da gamomityda, bevr

rameze mivdiodi, niqsonze, am rTul kacze gavlena rom

mqonodao. me msgavsi araferi gamomicdia.

*

federaluri kancleris dasaxvedrad kosigini da gro-

miko movidnen aeroportSi. moskovSi erovnuli himnis

mosmenisas tanSi Jruantelma damiara. kremlisken gamg-

zavrebam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. moZraoba gaeCe-

rebinaT. SuqniSnebi mwvaneze CaerToT, rom svla ar Se-

ferxebuliyo. megobarma xeli Camavlo da didxans magrad

miWerda, vidre fiqrebs CaRrmaveboda, TiTqos uintereso

mzera gare samyarosken miepyro.

kremlis protokolma darbazis orive mxares kari erT-

droulad gaaRo, rom brandti da breJnevi erTdroulad

Sesuliyvnen da erTaneTs misalmebodnen. gromikom bre-

JnevTan warmadgina, igi uyurebda, rogor awerdnen xels

mTavrobis meTaurebi da maTi sagareo saqmeTa ministrebi

xelSekrulebas.

101

generalur mdivansa da kanclers Soris pirispir sau-

bari oTx saaTs gagrZelda. sinamdvileSi, es iyo oTxi gr-

Zeli monologi, erTaderTi Sedegi – orive mixvda, rom

meti dro sWirdebodaT da erTmaneTiT dainteresdnen.

komunisturi partiis Tavmjdomarem gaugo brandts, rom

berlinis organizacias ver gardaqmnida damoukidebel

partiad. amiT amoiwura sabWoTa politikis idea `dasa-

vleT berlinis damoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis~

Sesaxeb. sabolood oriveni SeTanxmdnen, rom yovelwliu-

rad Sexvdebodnen da gadawyvites sando `arxi~ Seeqm-

naT, vaSingtonTan arsebuli `saidumlo arxis~ msgavsad.

momces telefonis nomeri da SemeZlo leo bonSi gamome-

Zaxa. Seelma da genSerma usityvod misces erTwliani viza.

slavas mxolod dasavleT berlinamde SeeZlo Camosvla,

dasavleT berlinSi uvizo mimosvla iyo mTeli msoflios-

Tvis. ara mxolod berlinis sakiTxis Semdgomi mogvarebi-

sas, saerTod, orive maTgani Seucvleli aRmoCnda.

breJnevisTvis brandti iyo pirveli dasavleli saxel-

mwifo lideri, romelsac igi Sexvda. WkuaSi daujda san-

do informaciis miReba sagareo saqmeTa ministris gver-

dis avliT. maT Soris `qimia~ aSkarad muSaobda. orives

uyvarda Rvino, qalebi da simRera. xolo eqimis rCevas,

Tavs moufrTxildiTo, orivem SeTanxmebulebiviT upa-

suxa, simReras SeveSvebiTo.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi orive arxma – rogorc vaSingto-

nis, aseve moskovisam, instituciuri xasiaTi SeiZina. mxo-

lod umaRles doneze ki ar icvleboda werilebi, aramed

TanamSromlebis donezec. vaSingtonidanac da moskovi-

danac gvafrTxilebdnen teroristul aqtebze, am arxe-

bis saSualebiT viTxovdi pasuxs israelis araformalur

SekiTxvaze moskovTan diplomatiuri urTierTobebis

102

damyarebis Taobaze, Tumca, es ufleba breJnevis kompe-

tenciaSi sulac ar Sedioda.

brandti iseTi simpaTiiT ganimsWvala breJnevis mimarT,

niqsonisadmi msgavsi grZnoba ar gasCenia. breJnevsac rom

ar hqonoda brandtis mimarT igive damokidebuleba, ul-

brixts da Semdeg honekers ar gaacurebda. sabWoTa meTau-

ri iseT informaciebs iRebda, misi vercerTi samsaxuri

ver miawvdida. orive dedaqalaqi darwmunebuli iyo, rom

icodnen, ras fiqrobda boni. brandtis pirovnuli ndobis

wyalobiT orive arxi gugunebda. vaSingtonTan iseTi in-

tensivobis urTierToba Camoyalibda, rogoric momavalSi

aRar ganmeorebula. moskovTan urTierTobac sasiamovno

iyo, sanam brandti da breJnevi agebdnen amaze pasuxs.

amis winapiroba: arxebidan informacias ar unda gae-

Jona. asec moxda. brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg helmut

Smidts kremlTan arsebuli arxis da misi Taviseburebis

Sesaxeb Sevatyobine, man ki mTxova, pasuxismgebloba Cems

Tavze ameRo da Semdeg berlinSi federaluri rwmunebu-

lis rangSi gamegrZelebina. misi gadadgomis Semdeg, arc

misTvis mikiTxavs da arc brandtisTvis, saqmis kursSi Ca-

vayene helmut koli, romelmac erTi Rame ifiqra, mere da-

mireka da mwvane Suqi aminTo saqmis gasagrZeleblad: `ra

iciT, ra xdeba. detalebze telCiks daelaparakeT~. mos-

kovel partniorTan erTad gadaveciT arxi yvela forma-

lobis dacviT. sanam koaliciis axali partniorebi, erTi

sarTuliT qveviT, sagareo politikaze saubars daiwyeb-

dnen, kolma ukve miaWeda erTi lursmani, rogorc Rimi-

liT aRniSna kancleris aparatis axalma ufrosma horst

telCikma. vilis gavagebine: Cveni aRmosavleTis politika

saimedo xelSi rom aRmoCnda.

103

maS, imoqmede

moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdeg saqmis gagr-

Zelebas veswrafvodiT. upirvelesad, dRis wesrigSi idga

xelSekruleba poloneTTan, aseve, berlinis sakiTxis

mogvareba oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis mier. bonSi rom

davbrundiT, Cia-s Cvenze `pasuxismgebelma~ moxelem mo-

makiTxa (yvela partiaze iyo mimagrebuli `msgavsi~ moxe-

le). `vaSingtonSi Cvenebs ainteresebT, raze unda vila-

parakoT berlinSi. Cveni pozicia xom mtkice ver iqneba~,

miTxra man. davamSvide da davarwmune, zustad vici, saq-

mis viTareba da male Segatyobineb-meTqi. saswrafod unda

davlaparakebodi brandts. Sin davpatiJe. mis sayvarel

kerZs, kartofilis namcxvars ver SevTavazebdi, sufris

xSirad ganaxleba dagvWirdeboda. amitom bardis wvnia-

ni movumzadeT. glexuri saWmelebi uyvarda, magram amas

xeli ar SeuSlia, moskovSi kovzebiT egemna xizilala.

aq erTi sagulisxmo ganmartebaa aucilebeli: 1991

wlamde yvela warmodgena aRmosavleTis politikis sfe-

roSi, yvela gegma da idea emyareboda varauds, rom

sabWoTa kavSiri da varSavis xelSekruleba mudam iarse-

bebda. 1991 wlis movlenebi, romelmac msoflio SeZra da

varSavis xelSekrulebis dasasruli gamoiwvia, dasavleTs

ar ganuWvretia. molodinebi da imedebi mimarTuli iyo

104

garkveulwilad, sistemis liberalizaciaze, mSvidobian

Tanaarsebobaze da konstruqtiul TanamSromlobaze;

amasTan, arsebuli ideologiuri gansxvavebebi, mSvido-

bis erToblivi miznis misaRwevad, unda damorCileboda

kamaTis garkveul kulturas. arc brandts da arc me ar

SegveZlo ganmuxtvis politikis gavlenis winaswarmetyve-

leba an dagegmva.

Cveulebrivad vsaubrobdiT. `vaSingtonsa da moskovSi

Cvens megobrebTan SedarebiT~, rogorc brandtma aRniSna,

yvela monawiles vuswrebdiT, radgan vicodiT berlinis

saWiroebebi da misi moqalaqeebis fsiqologia. amitom ar

gagvWirvebia molaparakebebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebze

SeTanxmeba. vfiqrobdiT, rom, praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT,

frTxilad unda CagveWida xeli oTxive gamarjvebuli

ZalisTvis da win gavZRolodiT. vilim mirCia, gonivru-

lad da TavSekavebulad moiqecio. Cvenma saubarma manamde

ararsebuli da arc arasdros gancdili sivrce da siRrme

SeiZina.

Cveni gayofili msoflios, maT Soris, sakuTari gaxle-

Cili qveynis yurebisas, Znelad Tu uaryofdi, rom mTe-

li es ubedureba germaniam gamoiwvia. marqsma da engelsma

msoflio gavlena moipoves, ideologiurad da politiku-

rad, omis CaTvliT, romelic saocari politikuri sa-

marTlianobis wylobiT isev germanias Semoubrunda. al-

baT ucnauri ar unda iyos, rom am gayofili samyaros

SuagulSi ufro mowadinebuli xdebi, ipovo gaxleCis

Semsubuqebis da daZlevis gzebi. ganmuxtvis politika

SeiZleboda gamxdariyo aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs So-

ris saxifaTo dapirispirebis gadalaxvis saSualeba. Ta-

visi mniSvnelobiT es gautoldeboda `komunizmis e. w.

sneulebis~ Semsubuqebas. TiTqmis germanelebis isto-

105

riul pasuxismgeblobad SeiZleboda miCneuliyo es saq-

me. brandtma moiTxova, am sakiTxze arasdros ilapara-

koo. `yalTabandebad mogvnaTlaven~. sityvebis kombinacia

`germaneli~ da `winamZRoloba~ Zalian saSiSiao.

meore mxriv, damamSvida, arc ki viciT, gamogviva Tu

ara berlinis sakiTxis mogvarebao. brandti maSinac mya-

rad idga miwaze, roca Soreul horizonts gascqeroda.

albaT, erTaderTxel aRmoCndeba germania aseT gadamwy-

vet mdgomareobaSi, verc ki warmomidgenia qveynisTvis

aseTi mniSvnelobis pozicia kidev ganmeordeso. xolo

`xelis CaWidebis~ gamo gamafrTxila, zedmeti ar mogivi-

deso da maSinve mwvane Suqi aminTo: `midi, gaakeTe!~.

106

upasuxod darCenili mondomeba: poloneTi

swored moskovSi miRebuli kargi gamocdilebis gamo ga-

mando brandtma: `mZime mogzauroba gvelis~. poloneTs,

hitleris pirvel msxverpls, gaxleCils, dasavleTisken

CaCoCebuls, amputirebuls, damarcxebuls gamarjvebul-

Ta Soris, Tavi isev Seuracxyofilad ar unda egrZno. man

firma `krupis~ Sefs, berthold baitcs sTxova polone-

Tis premier-ministr iozef CirankieviCisTvis gadaeca we-

rili. baitcs, romelmac omis dros poloneli ebraelebi

gadaarCina, varSavaSi did pativs scemdnen da albaT erTa-

derTi `fostalioni~ iyo, visac gzavnili sakuTari TviT-

mfrinaviT SeeZlo Caetana. brandtma es werili jer kidev

1969 wlis dekemberSi dawera, manamde didi xniT adre, sa-

nam ecodineboda, rodis mouwevda moskovSi Casvla, we-

rilSi moTminebiT gagebas iTxovda: nu damaCqarebT, au-

cilebeli ar aris, moskovSi unda daviwyoT jer da Semdeg

erToblivad ganvixilavT yvela politikur sakiTxso.

brandtis keTilganwyobas poloneTis mimarT winaisto-

ria uZRoda. 1968 wlis dasawyisSi hansiakob Stelem, rome-

lic maSin `caitis~ korespondenti iyo venaSi, poloneTis

saelCos mrCevelTan Sesaxvedrad dampatiJa. Jerzi rac-

kovskis, romelsac berlinidan vicnobdi, `misi mTavro-

bis davalebis gareSe~ surda Semxvedroda. brandtma neba

mzaoba gamoxmaurebis gareSe: polo-neTi

107

momca, am Sexvedraze ganmuxtvis politikis Cveni mTeli

koncefcia ganmemarta. amgvarad, poloneTi iyo pirveli

qveyana, romelmac Cveni gegmebis Sesaxeb gaigo. Cemi Sexve-

dris Canaweris gacnobidan or dReSi, brandtma, maSin

jer kidev sagareo saqmeTa ministris rangSi, rain-ruris

klubSi `saqmiani saubris axal sawyisze~ ilaparaka. es mi-

niSneba misi poloneli kolegis, adam rapaCkis misamarTiT

iyo nagulisxmevi. am ukanasknelma waradgina centralur

evropaSi atomuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis Seqmnis

saintereso gegma. 1968 wlis martSi niurnbergis yrilo-

baze brandtma pirvelad axsena `samSvidobo xelSekrule-

biT daregulirebamde oderisa da naises xazis aRiarebis

an pativiscemis~ perspeqtiva. im formis, garkveulwilad,

saxelmwifoebrivi dadastureba, romelic venaSi Cemi

da rackovskis Sexvedraze gamoikveTa da gamoxmaurebis

gareSe darCa. rodesac varSava gaisusa da qveynis SigniT

brandts problemebi Seeqmna, daaskvna: `an ar undaT, an ar

SeuZliaT, an ufleba ar aqvT~.

mxolod erTi wlis Tavze ganacxada uceb partiis Ta-

vmjdomarem, vladislav gomulkam, brandtis mier niurn-

bergis yrilobaze Camoyalibebuli formula saubrisken

gadadgmuli nabijiao. ratom daigviana ase reaqciam? es

gamocana Stelem amoxsna. 1969 wlis dasawyisSi bolonia-

Si italiis komunisturi partiis yrilobaze gomulkas

uSualo TanamSromels, zenon kliCkos Sexvedroda. mas

sinanuliT aRuniSnavs, gomulkas gamoxmaurebas brandtis

gamosvlaze bonidan reaqcia ar mohyoliao. venaSi polo-

neli diplomatis Canaweri pirdapir saqmeSi moxvedrila.

kliCkos mouZebnia da gomulkasTvis gadaucia. 1970 wlis

7 dekembers StelesTan xeli-xel gayrili mivuaxlovdi

germaneli Jurnalistebis jgufs da gavigone kliCkos

108

sityvebi: `Steles maSin, boloniaSi rom ar exsenebina

Tqveni saubari – vin icis, dRes aq, varSavaSi visxdebo-

diT Tu ara erTad~. civi omis dros xandaxan grotesku-

li SemTxveviTobebi wyvetda, miaRwevda Tu ara meore mxa-

remde saubris mzaobis ambavi swor dros.

1970 wlis 6 dekembers CirankiviCi kanclers protoko-

lis Sesabamisad daxvda varSavis aeroportSi. mogvianebiT

bodiSi moixada Tavisi uxeiro germanulis gamo: habsbur-

gis imperiis qveSevrdomad davibadeo. Cumad esaubrebo-

da brandts did socialistur ojaxze. am polonelebs

grZnobebis koriantelis dayeneba sCveodaT. xelSekrule-

baze momlaparakebeli delegaciis xelmZRvanelma polo-

nelebis mxridan, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem,

Jozef vinieviCma Tavisi uzado germanuli ase axsna: – me

rom davibade, poloneTis saxelmwifo ar arsebobda; ger-

manuli ena germanul skolaSi viswavle da arc londonSi

gadasaxlebisas damviwyebia da arc vaSingtonSi, saelCo-

Si muSaobisaso. me mas Cemi Slezieli naTesavebis Sesaxeb

vuambe, Cemi bebiis aRmosavleT prusiul mogonebebze,

vestfaliisken pirutyvebis gadasayvani vagoniT mgzavro-

bas rom gauZlo; igi omSi daRupul Tavisi ojaxis wevreb-

ze momiyva. rodesac gdr-is momlaparakebel mixail kol-

Tan rTul saubrebze vuambobdi, mokled momiWra: gdr-s

arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi tanjavso. boni frange-

bisTvisac ki uzomod didia, miTumetes uSualo aRmosa-

vleli mezoblebisTviso. meti didsulovneba gvmarTebs

da adenauers Zegli unda avugoT, rom germaniis gayofis

garantia mogvcao. `gamotydiT, xom ase jobs yvelasTvi-

so~. misi gazviadebuli Sexedulebis mimarT, protestis

nacvlad, TanagrnobiT ganvimsWvale: moskovis xelmZRva-

109

nelobis Zalauflebis realoba Cven sasikeTod gamoviye-

neT, varSava mas unda damorCileboda.

brandtis satelevizio gamosvla, romelsac varSavi-

dan germaniaSi gadascemdnen, TiTqmis imave wonis iyo, ro-

gorc xelSekrulebis xelmowera, romliTac oderisa da

naises sazRvars adgenda da teritoriaze pretenzias ar

acxadebda. sityvis srulyofaSi gdanskeli giunter grasi

da aRmosavleT prusieli zigfrid lenci daexmarnen. kan-

clerma icoda: aravin daanebebda germanias gaerTianebas,

Tuki am teritoriebze ganacxadebda pretenzias. es oci

wlis Semdeg, `ori plus oTxis~ molaparakebebis drosac

dadasturda. magram ltolvilebisTvis imedis dakargvas

ver Seamsubuqebda is ambavi, rom es danakargi didi xnis

naloliaveb iluziebs ewireboda. xolo brandtisTvis

Sida politikuri riski ar Seumcirebia imas, rom polo-

neTma realobis dadastureba mogvianobiT mainc miiRo.

brandti daCoqili me ar minaxavs. baitci da me manqana-

Si vsaubrobdiT Cvens STabeWdilebebze da Semdeg getos

memorialisken mivseirnobdiT, Cven win Jurnalistebs

aRemarTaT cocxali kedeli, uceb samarisebuli siCume

Camovarda. ra xdeba-Tqo, vikiTxeT, pasuxad erTma Cai-

CurCula: `daiCoqa~. saRamos, Cems megobarTan marto rom

davrCi, gavbede da vTqvi: `magari iyo~. brandtma mipasuxa:

`vigrZeni, rom marto Tavis daxra ar kmaroda~. kacma, ro-

melsac pirovnulad aranairi brali ar miuZRoda, Tavisi

xalxis istoriuli danaSauli aRiara. meti saTqmeli aRa-

raferi iyo.

kliCkos mimamagres, man Zveli qalaqi damaTvalierebi-

na, Tanamedrove mxatvrobis gamofena, aseTs verc moskov-

Si naxavdi da verc berlinSi, da Semdeg restoranSi dam-

patiJa, sadac Tbilad gvimaspinZles. arc aravin gvaxlda

110

da arc aravin gviTvalTvalebda, stumrebs SeverieT.

`warmogidgeniaT qalaqSi ase xetiali suslovTan an aqsen-

Tan erTad?~ marTalia, moskovis da aRmosavleT berlinis

mTavar ideologebs ar vicnobdi, magram mainc ver war-

momedgina. evropis usafrTxoebis xedvis Sesaxeb mSvidad

unda gvesaubra. amitom saSobaod mazuriaSi dampatiJa.

molaparakebebis magidasTan brandtma ganmarta Tavi-

si ganzraxva, poloneTTan urTierTobisTvis iseTive wona

mieniWebina, rogoric iyo safrangeTTan. mis naTqvams ga-

moxmaureba ar mohyolia. arc mis winadadebas mohyo-

lia pasuxi germanul-polonuri axalgazrduli organi-

zaciis Camoyalibebaze. ocdaoTxi wlis Semdeg, rixard

fon vaiczekeri Cavida Tavisi bolo saxelmwifo vizitiT

varSavaSi. sanam is prezident lex valezas esaubreboda,

premier-ministrma TadeuS mazovickim federaluri kan-

cleri koli Seaqo oderisa da naises xazis saxelmwifo

xelSekrulebis istoriuli aqtisTvis. gamikvirda, radgan

koli aiZules es xelSekruleba daedo da erTi milimetri-

Tac ar Seucvlia sazRvari. Semdeg mazovickim kols xotba

Seasxa, poloneTTan urTierToba safrangeTis doneze aiy-

vane da polonur-germanuli axalgazrduli organizacia

Seqmenio. vili brandtis saxeli arc uxsenebiaT. Tavi ver

Sevikave da sajarod gamovxate gancvifreba. mazovickim

bodiSi moixada sityvebiT, brandtis daCoqeba dauviwya-

riao. aman imedgacrueba gamiormaga.

ojaxis gamTlianebis Tema groteskad iqca. `savarau-

dod 40 000~ kacis qveynidan gaSvebas Segvpirda poloneTi.

sami wlis Semdeg kidev 120 aTasis nebarTvas vcdilobdi.

poloneTi erT miliard germanul markas iTxovda, magram

es Tanxa qveynidan gasvlasTan kavSirSi ar unda yofi-

liyo. rodesac zanem da me molaparakebebisas 560 milio-

111

namde SevamcireT, brandtma damavala, finansTa ministrs

daelaparakeo. Smidtma uxeSad momiSora Tavidan. meride-

boda poloneTisTvis amis Setyobineba. SeTavazebas du-

miliT upasuxes, Tanxa ecotavaT. Smidts kanclerobisas

maTTvis erTi miliard germanul markaze metis gamoyofa

mouwia – pirdapiri kavSiris gareSe – 100 aTasi adamianis

mosapoveblad. sabolood, poloneTis elCma gaikvirva, mas

mere rac helmut koli gaxda kancleri: `adre fuls imaSi

gvixdidiT, rom xalxi wasuliyo, axla imaSi gvaZlevT, rom

piriqiT, darCnen~. es gaxlavT evropaSi Tavisufali ga-

daadgilebis germaniis moTxovnis istoriis mokle versia.

SexvedrebiT daxunZluli ori dRis Semdeg Cirankie-

viCma aeroportSi xelkaviT gamixmo da imedianad miTxra:

– Cveni evropuli saubari unda gavagrZeloT! manac dam-

patiJa saSobaod mazuriaSi. Tumca, dRemde ar var iq

namyofi, radgan ori kviris Tavze gumulka da misi gun-

di Seicvala. fasebis mkveTr zrdas meti gavlena hqonda,

vidre oderisa da naises xazs. ukana gzaze Cemi megobari

imedgacruebuli, melanqoliuri, ukmayofilo Canda: mets

velodio...

112

berlinis xelSekruleba –

xelovnebis nimuSi

is-is iyo, bonSi davbrundiT, rom brandtma brZana: – axla

berlins unda mixedo. garda amisa, gdr-Tan molaparakebe-

bis warsamarTad moemzade! gansakuTrebulad xelsayrel

mdgomareobaSi aRmovCndi – kancleris aparatis manda-

tis garda federaluri rwmunebulic viyavi berlinSi.

brandtma gaamyara Cemi pozicia – egon franke mozomi-

lad daarwmuna, rom misi saministro, romelsac saerTo

germanuli erqva da germaniis Sida saqmeTa saministro

ewoda, aRmosavleT berlinSi isev provokaciad aRiqme-

boda. frankes uwyebas delegaciis xelmZRvanelis moad-

gilis Tanamdeboba ergo. Sinagan saqmeTa, iusticiisa da

transportis, agreTve sagareo uwyebis warmomadgenlebi

aZlierebdnen delegacias.

kanclerma daazusta, `Rrmad pativcemuli kolega

bari~ oficialuri rwmunebebiT aRWurva: `Tqven, rogorc

sagangebo davalebaTa federalur ministrs gandobT gdr-

Tan urTierTobebis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis damuSavebas

da federaluri mTavrobis rwmunebulis rangSi berlin-

Si moRvaweobas. am sferoSi kabinetisaTvis winadadebebis

wardgenas gTxovT Sesabamis uwyebebTan koordinaciaSi...

megobruli salmiT, Tqveni vili brandti~.

113

moskovis molaparakebebze gamarjvebuli Zalebis gav-

lenis areali berlinis sakiTxSi gamoikveTa. Cven delika-

turi amocanis winaSe davdeqiT, gagvefanta STabeWdileba,

rom wamyvan rols veswrafvodiT, Tumca, Cveni mxridan,

faruli winamZRoloba aucileblobad migvaCnda, radgan

amerikelebi, sabWoelebi, britanelebi da frangebi ar

Cqarobdnen berlinis SeTanxmebisTvis mieRwiaT. 1970 wlis

gazafxulidan moyolebuli ikribebodnen maTi elCebi

TveSi erTxel berlinis klaistis parkSi mdebare kontro-

lis sabWos SenobaSi da erTmaneTs oTxi Zalis statusis

Sesaxeb TavianT gansxvavebul poziciebs uziarebdnen. es

SeiZleboda wlobiT gagrZelebuliyo. magram mdgomareo-

ba Seicvala.

mas Semdeg, rac moskovis xelSekrulebis ratificire-

bis winapirobad berlinis Sesaxeb damakmayofilebeli re-

gulacia gamovacxadeT, oTxi Zalac dainteresda es wi-

napiroba Seesrulebina. vaSingtons surda brandtisTvis

Sepirebuli daxmareba aRmosavleTis politikis sakiTxSi

sabWoelebis mxridan berlinis Temaze daTmobis zewolis-

Tvis gadaeba. am viTarebaSi federalurma kanclerma ame-

rikis prezidents SesTavaza, oTxi elCis araregularuli

Sexvedrebi `mudmivi konferenciis~ reJimSi gadaeyvana.

henrim Sematyobina, prezidenti winadadebas dasTanxmdao;

saswrafod unda SevxvedrodiT. mowveva gamogigzavne 1971

wlis 31 ianvars keip kenedize apolo 14-is startze da-

saswrebado.

vaSingtonSi vice-prezident spiro agneusTan warmad-

gines, romelic sakmaod usimpatio momeCvena, mere masTan

erTad gavfrindi zafxulis floridaSi, henris xeli da-

vuqnie da daveswari xomaldis gamayruebel starts, miwa

zanzarebda. kvlav Sevxvdi henris patara TviTmfrinavis

114

bortze kirk duglasTan erTad. igi zustad iseTi iyo,

rogoric maxsovda `spartakiT~ aRfrTovanebuls. hen-

ris Svilebs miujda da pirispir laparaki gvacala. Se-

degi: henri qveiTi saidumlo samsaxuris warmomadgenels

miavlenda frankfurtSi, radgan Cia-s bolomde ar endo-

boda da ase daamyarebda pirdapir kontaqts saxelmwifo

departamentis gverdis avliT elCTan, ken raSTan. sabWoe-

lebTan SesaTanxmeblad qaRaldi mogvTxova. vili Zalian

kmayofili darCa.

Cems or sabWoTa Tanameinaxes, slavas da leos berli-

nis regulaciis struqturaze rom moveTaTbire, mivxvdi,

rom am saqmisTvis saWiro profesiuli codna akldaT.

amitom falini CamoviyvaneT berlinSi. Cveni erToblivi

sazrunavi: gdr-ma amis Sesaxeb araferi unda gaigos. ori

dRis ganmavlobaSi 18 saaTi vimuSaveT. Semdeg falinma

miTxra, moskovi farul molaparakebebs dasTanxmda da

vaSingtonma ganacxada, aSS-s kontrolis sabWoSi delega-

ciisTvis micemul oficialur instruqciebs seriozulad

nu SexedavTo. ken raSi pirdapir vaSingtons Caabarebda

angariSs, falini – moskovs, me ki – kanclers. es uTqme-

lad niSnavda Semdegs: parizs da londons saqmis viTare-

bas mxolod mas Semdeg SevatyobinebdiT, rodesac Cvens

Sedegebs kontrolis sabWos warvudgendiT, oRond aR-

mosavleT berlinisTvis oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis war-

matebuli molaparakebebis dasrulebis Semdeg. es drois

damzogavi konstruqcia pirdapiri arxebis meSveobiT

sazrdoobda da mas warmatebis erToblivi survili akav-

Sirebda.

manamdec aucilebeli iyo brandtis, niqsonisa da bre-

Jnevis mxardaWera. axla ki vili da me ukve Sinaarsze vms-

jelobdiT. monawileTagan vercerTs eqneboda zusti war-

115

modgena molaparakebebis Sedegze. xelSekrulebis birTvi

unda gamxdariyo rusebis mier garantirebuli regulacia

moqalaqeTa gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. da gzidan unda Camo-

gvecilebina gadamwyveti barieri: oTxi gamarjvebuli Za-

lis amao Zalisxmeva, SeTanxmebuliyvnen mTeli berlinis

xalxTaSoris samarTlebriv statusze. nimuSad gamodge-

boda sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobis Sesaxeb xelSekrule-

ba, romelic Seicavda salvatorul daTqmas, rom uwye-

bebis, adgilebis da samsaxurebis dasaxelebebis punqtSi

SeTanxmeba ver moxerxda. es sakmarisi iyo ZiriTadis –

sazRvris gadakveTis mowmobebis mosawesrigeblad. msgav-

si konstruqciis misaRebad upirveles yovlisa, amerike-

lebis Tanxmoba gvWirdeboda.

henrim CemTvis bilderbergis konferenciaze mowveva

gamoagzavnina, romelic amjerad vudstokSi (vermontis

StatSi), pompezur mamulSi imarTeboda. naklebad mainte-

resebda monawileTa myvirala saxelebi – politikis, samxe-

dro sferos da gansakuTrebiT industriis warmomadgen-

lebi, romlebic aTasobiT miliard dolars, funtsa da

germanul markas ganasaxierebdnen. henris Cemi winadadeba

moewona da meore dRes, prezidentTan savaldebulo Se-

Tanxmebis Semdeg, `genialuric~ ki uwoda. Cven fokusSi

movaqcevdiT sam dasavlur seqtors, maT damokidebule-

bas bonTan da daubrkolebel mimosvlas. aravis Sehparvia

eWvi, rom oTx gamarjvebul Zalas hqonda am sakiTxebis

mogvarebis kompetencia, magram or germanul mTavrobas

rom satranzito SeTanxmebisTvis unda mieRwia, romelic

oTx gamarjvebul Zalas erTdroulad unda aemoqmedebi-

na, esec cxadi gaxldaT.

saRamos henrim vietnamze wamoiwyo saubari. brandtma

rom sajarod vnebebi Caacxro, rac sulac ar iyo ioli

116

kambojis xalxTaSorisi samarTlis darRveviT dabombvis

fonze, vaSingtons ar gamohparvia. – namdvili saxelmwi-

fo moRvawea! – Tqva. me mxolod Tavi davuqnie, Tanxmobis

niSnad.

fraza `mTeli berlini~ oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis

xel SekrulebaSi ar unda xsenebuliyo da unda Seecvala

formulas `Sesabamis nawilSi~. henrim daaskvna: `es iqne-

ba yvelaze giJuri molaparakebebi, rac saerTod msme-

nia~. gulze momeSva. miuxedavad imisa, rom temps da mi-

marTulebas Cven vkarnaxobdiT, yvelaze viwro wreSic ki

krinti ar dagviZravs germaniis wamyvani rolis Sesaxeb.

amerikis elCi ken raSi ufro iolad uyurebda am sakiTxs:

`upirveles yovlisa, Tqvens interesebzea saubari. amitom

unda gvixelmZRvanelos kanclerma~.

marTlac didi Sveba iyo, rom 1971 wlis dasawyisSi

falini rainis piras elCad moavlines. Cveni Sexvedrebi

monacvleobiT imarTeboda amerikis da sabWoTa kavSi-

ris rezidenciebSi. elCebis kancleris aparatSi mosvla

TvalSi mosaxvedri iqneboda. mxolod erTxel SevZeli

maTTvis sapasuxo pativiscema federaluri rwmunebulis

saxelmwifo vilaSi, dalemSi, piuklerStraseze. Cia-s ar

gamohparvia da meore dilas raSi aaforiaqes, federalur

rwmunebuls falini stumrobdao. raSma upasuxa – mec iq

viyavio, magram rogorc megobarma, gamafrTxila: `egon,

frTxilad iyavi, giTvalTvaleben~.

Cven gacnobierebuli gvqonda pasuxismgebloba, rom is

rTuli teqstebi, romelTac germanulad vwerdi, ingli-

sur enaze unda SegveTanxmebina, arc falinma da arc me

inglisuri kargad ar vicodiT. raSmac iseve ar icoda ru-

suli, rogorc me, Tumca germanulSi iwafeboda kviridan

kviramde, magram falinis donisTvis ar miuRwevia. ameri-

117

kelebi TiTeul germanul sityvas uamrav sinonims uZeb-

nidnen, es gvexmareboda, magram falinma da me vicodiT,

rom warsuliT datvirTuli es sityvebi bonisa da mos-

kovisTvis, upirveles yovlisa ki vaSingtonisTvis, miuRe-

beli iqneboda. erTmaneTs vafrTxilebdiT, sad gveloda

ufskrulSi gadaCexa, es ki Cven Soris ndobas aRrmavebda.

male saxelebiT mivmarTavdiT erTmaneTs da Sinaurul mi-

marTvaze gadavediT.

dasavleT berlinisa da federaciuli respublikis

urTierTobis gansazRvra Zneli saqme aRmoCnda. sabWoe-

lebma `dasavleT berlinis damoukidebeli erTeulis~

moTxovnaze ki Tqves uari, magram maTTvis diskusias ar

eqvemdebareboda konstituciiT gamagrebuli SeTavazeba,

berlins wodeboda federaciuli respublikis erT-erTi

miwa. arcerT Cvens winadadebas moskovi ar daeTanxma. za-

nem Zveli sabuTebi gadaqeqa da marTlac aRmoaCina, rom

sam gamarjvebul Zalas (safrangeTis gamoklebiT) jer ki-

dev omis dasrulebamde gadaewyvita, berlini ar gamxda-

riyo axali saxelmwifos `konstituciuri nawili~. kenma

momavali dokumenti am sityvebiT Camoayaliba: `rCeba fe-

deraciuli respublikis arakonstituciur nawilad~. fa-

lins Tavisi ministri gaaxsenda da ganavrco: `... da arc

misgan iqneba marTuli~. me ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo

gamaxsenda: `...da arc momavalSi iqneba misgan marTuli~.

is, rac Cven SevaTanxmeT, oTx gamarjvebul Zalas Tavian-

Ti saelCoebis mrCevlebis xeliT daudes magidaze ameri-

kelebma da sabWoelebma.

erTdroulad ramdenime donisTvis unda gagvewia an-

gariSi: Sida birTvi kenisa da valentinis saxiT, faruli

arxebi vaSingtonTan da moskovTan, kenWisyra berlinis

senatSi da partiebis SigniT, bonSi, da ar unda dagvviwy-

118

eboda gdr. yvelagan vawydebodiT gansxvavebul intere-

sebs, vnebebs, bolo wuTSi Tavidan acilebul Cavardneb sa

da mRelvarebas, romelTac brandti `wvrilmanebs~ uwo-

debda. es yvelaferi istoriis nawilia. Cems mexsiere-

bas SemorCa, rogor maCqarebda xolme. – ar minda, sul

vityuebode, roca Senze mekiTxebian, sad ariso. Tan

brazobda: `am wye ulma gamarjvebulebma keTili inebon

da yvelafrisgan saidumlos nu qmniano~. es maxalisebda,

radgan henris TxovniT niqsonis administracias daexmara,

roca erT-erT interviuSi amerikuli jaris Semcirebis

winaaRmdeg ilaparaka. breJnevs miswera, opoziciis Se-

motevis miuxedavad, ukan ar davixevo da Seaxsena, raoden

mniSvnelovani iyo misTvis, rom dasavleT berlinelebis-

Tvis federaciis pasportebis gacema SegvZleboda.

amasobaSi ulbrixti honekerma Secvala. falinma Se-

matyobina, – axali kaci moskovisTvis ufro sasurveli

partnioriao, Sida germanuli molaparakebebi garTulde-

bao... garda amisa, kancleris meore Sexvedra unda mog-

vemzadebina breJnevTan. maT surdaT seqtemberSi yirimSi

Sexvedrodnen erTmaneTs sami dRiT, raTa konvenciuri

SeiaraRebis Semcirebis saintereso Temaze esaubraT.

gvian gamaxsenda, rom Cveni xelSekruleba sam enaze –

inglisurad, frangulad da rusulad Sevidoda ZalaSi,

magram germanuli variantic saWiro iyo, rom orive ger-

manuli saxelmwifosTvis yofiliyo savaldebulo. ger-

manul-germanulma patara samuSao jgufma TiTqmis asi

gansxvaveba aRmoaCina aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis mier

Sesrulebul TargmanebSi. oTxma Zalam uxalisod gadado

parafireba, magram mainc ase erCivnaT, mere mudmivad maTi

mosagvarebeli gaxdeboda gaugebrobebi. germanelebi ori

punqtis garda, yvelaferze SeTanxmdnen: gdr-ma daiJina,

119

mTel am ambavs `oTxmxrivi SeTanxmeba~ davarqvaTo, Cveni

mxare ki `oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebaze~ lapa-

rakobda. garTulda inglisuri `ties~ da rusuli `связи~-s

Targmani. orive cneba SeiZleboda gveTargmna rogorc

`bma~ an `kavSiri~. azri gamovTqvi, `uwyebrivi bma~ da

`qalTan kavSiri~ sxvadasxvaa-meTqi, magram uSedegod.

praqtikaSi orive variantma imuSava: dasavleT berlini

isev federacisTan `bmaSi~ cxovrobda, xolo gdr-isTvis

es iyo sabWoTa kavSiris mier garantirebuli `kavSiri~.

daskvniTi fazis aliaqoTSi keni fasdaudebeli aRmoCn-

da, igi saxelmwifo departamentis miTiTebebs arad dagi-

devdaT: TeTr saxls da me ukeT gvesmis, ra igulisxmeba

SeerTebuli Statebis interesebSio. anda, rodesac qris-

tian-demokratiul fraqcias uxsnida, rogori warmate-

ba xvdeboda wilad SeTanxmebas, vinc mxars ar dauWers,

amerikis prezidentis politikas daupirispirdebao. mos-

kovmac gamoiCina sisxarte: gromiko inkognitod Camovi-

da berlinSi, rogorc Cemi arxidan Sevityve, ar undoda,

magram mainc daeTanxma dasavleT berlinelebisTvis fe-

deraluri pasportebis gacemas. germanelebma, rac war-

mogvedgina, mTlianobaSi, gavitaneT. samagierod, sabWoTa

survili davakmayofileT dasavleT berlinSi generaluri

sakonsulos gaxsnis Taobaze.

kenma brandts niqsonis, am arcTu martivi kacis sityve-

bi gadasca: `am kacs SegiZlia endo~. awi Tqvens jgufs `sam

muSketers~ vuwodebo, Cveuli stiliT konvenciuri iara-

Ris Semcirebasac miaRwevTo. amitomac vuTxari kanclers

mogvianebiT, 1974 wlis aprils, momavali wlis bolomde

unda SevaTanxmoT jaris daSlis pirveli xelSekrule-

ba-meTqi, imis rwmeniT, rom istorias gansazRvravs saWi-

ro adamianis yofna saWiro dros da saWiro adgilas.

120

rodesac oTxma Zalam samuSaos dasrulebisas erTx-

mad SesZaxa – `bolo keTilia~ – es iyo sabWoTa kolegis,

piotr abrasimovis erTaderTi wvlili am saqmeSi.

daiwyo zeimi. wamovida milocvebi mTeli msofliodan.

eqvs TveSi mets mivaRwieT, vidre vinme warmoidgenda. yve-

la ise iqceoda, TiTqos saqme dasrulebuli yofiliyo.

arada, jer kidev Camosayalibebeli gvqonda gdr-Tan

tranzituli mimosvlis SeTanxmebis detalebi, risTvisac

wamoviwyeT mTeli es ambavi. gasaocrad uCveulo iyo ndo-

ba, romelic uceb Cems aRmosavleT germanel partniors

mixael kols da me gamogvicxades. da vilim maSin pir-

velad isargebla Sida germanuli mravlobiTi formiT:

`Tqven amas moaxerxebT!~.

121

germanelebis gareSe araferi gamova

(satranzito SeTanxmeba)

ndoba, romelic or did saxelmwifos Soris berlinis mo-

laparakebaTa dros Camoyalibda, bonisa da aRmosav leT

berlinis urTierTobazec aisaxa. sabWoelebi da ameri-

kelebi zrunavdnen, germanelebs tranzitis sakiTxebze

esaubraT, swored maSin, roca oTxi Zalis kontrolis

sabWo awi unda Sekrebiliyo. CemTvis es xelsayreli aR-

moCnda, mixael koli gavicani. hainrix haineStraseze da-

savlelebisTvis gankuTvnili gadasasvleliT vsargeblob-

di, Tumca mxolod Cemi dasavleT berlinuli piradobis

mowmoba mqonda. oficerma gadawyvita, ukan gavebrunebine,

vurCie, saxelmwifo mdivan kols daureke-meTqi. koli

gacofda, provokaciaao, sanam ar vuTxari, federalur

kanclersac dasavleT berlinuli piradobis mowmoba

aqvs-meTqi. netav rogor miudgebodnen dasavleT germa-

niis saxelmwifo vizits aRmosavleT berlinSi? Tanac, me

federaciis rwmunebuli viyavi berlinSi da misi mTavro-

bis SexedulebiT, ukanono uwyebis xelmZRvaneli. Semdeg

Sexvedraze kolma patara piradobis mowmoba gadmomca,

gdr-is ministrTa sabWos mier gacemuli, nomriT 000001,

romelic yvela samsaxurs uTiTebda, misi mflobelisT-

122

vis daxmareba gaewiaT. Tumca arasdros damWirvebia, Cemi

manqana aRarc SeumowmebiaT.

mixael koli da me imTaviTve kmayofilni viyaviT imis

gamo, rom `oTxTa Zalaufleba~ Cvens warmatebas unda da-

lodeboda. garda amisa, falinma Tavisi Sexeduleba gami-

ziara, Seni partniori `wesieri kaciao~. gdr-is saukeTeso

warmomadgeneli gavicani: Wkviani, Tavisi saqmis zedmiwe-

vniT mcodne. Tumca Tavdapirvelad SeboWili da daeWve-

buli. arc iman uSvela, Cemi naTqvami rom miutanes, masTan

SedarebiT gromiko pleiboia-meTqi.

delegaciebi kviraSi or-sam dRes muSaobdnen, xandaxan

SabaT-kvirasac da gvian Ramemde. Tavidan, saRamoobiT,

dasavleT berlinSi vbrundebodi, kols es ar siamovnebda,

mere vilim miTxra, damalobanas TamaSs SeeSvio. xSirad un-

ter den lindenze memkvidre princis sasaxlis fanjridan

ara marto qalaqis SesaniSnavi xediT vtkbebodiT, aramed

brandenburgis karibWesac gavcqerodiT xolme dasavle-

Tisken. Ramis cisken miwvdenili reklamebis anarekli al-

baT aseTive warmodgenas iwvevda aq, aRmosavleTSi, rogo-

ric omis Semdeg Sveicariis monaxulebisas daeufleboda

kacs: gaCaxCaxebuli, mdidruli sanaxaobebiT aRtaceba.

rodesac ulrix zami, qalaqis demokratiulad arCeuli

ukanaskneli meris vaJi da me unter den lindenze vseir-

nobdiT, vityodiT xolme, berlini dedaqalaqad dagvmS-

vendebao. aq Tavs Sin vgrZnobdi, koli ki tiuringiidan

Camosuli iyo.

molaparakebebSi gdr TanamSromlobis suliskveTebas

avlenda, sanam im punqtamde ar mivediT, romelic tran-

zitis borotad sargeblobas gansazRvravda. hqondaT

Springers da Strauss am punqtiT sargeblobis ufleba?

an maT, vinc gdr-is SexedulebiT, aqauroba aralegalu-

123

rad datova? arcerTi qveyana ar ambobs uars dezertire-

bis daWerazeo, aRSfoTeba gamoxata kolma. dasavleTis

Zalebis warmomadgenelTa azriT, omis damnaSaveebis mier

satranzito gziT gamoyenebas gdr-s ver Sehkadrebdnen.

didi xani dagvWirda, sanam Sedegs mivaRwieT: tranzitul

zonaSi vinc aRmoCndeboda, misi datovebis uflebac unda

hqonoda. visac ukan ar gaabrunebdnen, daubrkoleblad

gaagrZelebdnen gzas. dezertirs gdr-is uwyebebi saer-

Tod ar SeuSvebdnen. cota mogvianebiT `respublikidan

gaqceulebsac~ ki misces tranzitiT sargeblobis Tavisu-

fleba. sanam Cveni SeTanxmeba muSaobda, maSasadame, germa-

niis gaerTianebamde, arcerTxel ar gamxdara oTxi Zalis

gamoZaxeba saWiro, raTa or germanul mTavrobas Soris

dapirispireba moegvarebinaT.

monacvleobiT vTaTbirobdiT saministroebis SenobaSi

da kancleris aparatSi da yvelis vaWrebiviT vdaobdiT, ra

unda yofiliyo satranzito gadasaxadis erTjeradi safa-

suri, rom mere aRaravin SeeCerebinaT, SeemowmebinaT da

iqve gadaxdac ar moeTxovaT. SevTanxmdiT yovelwliurad

234,9 milion germanul markaze. koli marTali aRmoCnda,

mimosvla gaizrdebao: giunter gauzs 400 milionis gadax-

da mouwia, helmut kols ki 800 milioni germanuli markis.

mixael kolTan da zamTan bonSi erT-erTi molaparake-

bis dros Sematyobines, rom brandts nobelis premia mie-

niWa mSvidobis dargSi. Jan monem waradginao. rogorc ki

gavacnobiere, ramxela ambavi iyo, mominda megobrisTvis

mimeloca. kabinetis wevrebi kancleris aparatSi Sekre-

biliyvnen. Silerma ramdenime saqebari sityva warmoTqva.

brandti mis win idga. damagvianda, Tan araswori karidan

Sevedi da brandtis zurgs ukan aRmovCndi, ganuwyvetliv

iTvlida ceraTi danarCen oTx TiTs. kancleris kabinetSi

124

gadamexvia da miTxra: `am premiaSi wvlili gaqvs da oslo-

Si unda wamoxvide CemTan erTado~.

satranzito molaparakebebis paralelurad mimdinare

rTuli specialuri molaparakebebi dasavleT berlinis

senatsa da gdr-s Soris, maT Soris, dasavleT berline-

lebis mier `mosazRvre adgilebis~ monaxulebis Temaze,

sul cota, koordinacias moiTxovda. nobelis premiis

gadacemis dRes, 10 dekembers, oslodan norvegielma me-

gobrebma ikiTxes, meore dRes berlinSi parafireba Tu

moxerxdebao. vaxSmisas miviReT cnoba da amovisunTqeT:

senati dainiSna aT saaTze. kols davukavSirdi da TerT-

metze davuTqvi Sexvedra. vilimac Sveba igrZno da momi-

loca. meore dilas luftvafes TviTmfrinaviT CavediT

SionefeldSi. saministroebis SenobaSi moxda parafireba.

Semdeg dasavleT berlinSi preskonferencia mmarTvel

merTan, SiutcTan erTad. davbrundiT aRmosavleT ber-

linSi. luftvafes ekipaJi aRfrTovanebuli dagvxvda:

samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cveni ucxo dedaqalaqi daeTva-

lierebinaT. gavfrindiT bonSi, pres-konferenciaze, vert-

mfreniT wavediT kioln-vanSi, gadavfrindiT stokholmSi,

gavemgzavreT sastumroSi da rvas wuTiRa uklda, roca

smokingebSi gamowyobilebma, Cveuli sizustiT, SevabijeT

federaluri kanclerisadmi miZRvnil gala-vaxSamze. 1971

wlis 11 dekemberi marTlac saocrad datvirTuli dRe

aRmoCnda.

mixael kolma da me TviTonve gamovcadeT piradi `gar-

daqmna daaxloebis gziT~ da Zalianac gvsiamovnebda. pa-

tara ambavi ar iyo, rom omis Semdeg, pirvelad SevZeliT

dasavleT germaniasa da dasavleT berlins Soris samoqa-

laqo mimosvlis samarTlebrivi safuZvlis Seqmna. skan-

dalurad mimaCnda faqti, rom dasavleTs aTwleulebis

125

ganmavlobaSi arcerTxel ar mouTxovia es. SevaTanxmeT

Cven-Cveni mTavrobebis werilebi, romliTac TiTeul me-

kavSires ecnobeboda molaparakebis Sedegi, raTa igi Za-

laSi SeeyvanaT. roca oTxi Zalis misamarTiT werilebs

vayalibebdiT, romliTac orive germanuli saxelmwifo

gaeroSi miRebas iTxovda, orives gvecineboda, radgan,

yvela gansxvavebis miuxedavad, vercerTi qveyana suvere-

nuli ver gaxda, aramed aRiarebdnen, rom oTxi gamarjve-

buli Zalis xelSeuvali uflebebi isev moqmedebda. magram

ar gamkvirvebia, rom damarcxebulebs, gamarjvebulebTan

erTad, gadawyvetilebis miReba SegveZlo, rogorc es ewe-

ra amerikelebis rwmunebaTa werilSi.

1971 wlis Sobis dReebSi, rodesac dasavleT da aRmo-

savleT berlins Soris mimosvla Seferxda, kols avuxse-

ni, gdr-is mTavroba amaze pasuxismgebeli ar aris-meTqi.

man SemomiTvala, honekeri darwmunda, rom xisti, magram

samarTliani xaro. leom moskovs daudastura honekeris

es naTqvami, rac momavalSi sasargeblo aRmoCnda. bed-

nieri viyavi, rom dasavleT berlinis kunZuli `xmeleTs~

miuaxlovda da misi mosaxleoba daubrkoleblad imog-

zaurebda. brandtma Seasrula danapirebi, bonidan ber-

linisTvis metis gakeTebas SevZlebo.

upirveles yovlisa, orive vacnobierebdiT: omis Semd-

gom istoriaSi gardamtexi niSnuli davsviT. germaniis

mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze oTxi gamarjvebuli Zala ori

germaniis mTavrobebis gareSe veRarafers gadawyvetda.

maSin daibada modeli `oTxi plus ori~, romlidanac oci

wlis Semdeg iSva `ori plus oTxi~. koli da me vTanxmde-

bodiT, rom oTxi Zala isev aucilebeli gaxdeboda, ro-

desac saqme samSvidobo xelSekrulebaze midgeboda. Cven

aRar viyaviT sxvaTa xelis Semyureni, SegveZlo Cveni in-

126

teresebisTvis gvemuSava. mokled: saqmeSi CaverTeT. aseve

veTanxmebodi kolis Tvalsazriss, rom unda dagvemTavre-

bina civi omi bundeversa da gdr-is erovnul armias So-

ris: jaris radiosadguri, sazRvarze ganTavsebuli re-

produqtorebi Tu proklamaciebiT daxunZluli sahaero

burTebi 1972 wlis 1 ivlisis Semdeg aRar arsebobda – yo-

velgvari werilobiTi SeTanxmebis gareSe. molaparakeba

arcerT mxares ar daurRvevia.

erToblivi Zalisxmevis Sedegad, romlis monapovaric

iyo Sem deg satranzito SeTanxmebis da romlis parafire-

ba 1971 wlis 17 dekembers moxda, davTqviT, rom muSaobas

gavagrZelebdiT satransporto xelSekrulebaze da 1972

wlis 20 ianvars isev SevxvdebodiT. yovelive amis Sesaxeb

brandtis komentari: `SegviZlia kmayofilebi viyoT, gaer-

Tianebis saqmeSi Setanili Cveni wvlilis gamo~. SorsmW-

vretel brandts Cveni saboloo mizani Tvalwin edga.

127

yvelaferi an araferi

albaT wyalobaa, rom adamianebs ar ZaluZT TavianTi mo-

mavlis ganWvreta. Tavisuflebas ver dagegmav, maSinve

miawydebi gadaulaxav zRvars, roca Semdegi dRis gan-

sazRvras Seecdebi. momavali Taobis gulubryvilo Ta-

vdajerebaa, ukan mixedvisas Secdomebs rom aRmoaCens

warsulSi, romelsac veRar Secvli, arada, am Secdomebs

Tavadac dReniadag imeorebs. bunebam dagvwyevla, rom ar

SegviZlia gamocdileba memkvidreobad gadavceT.

brandtma 1962 wels harvardis leqciebSi aRmosavle-

Tisa da dasavleTis gardauval Tanaarsebobas `iZulebi-

Ti gabeduleba~ uwoda. swored aseTad iqca misTvis 1972

weli. konstruqciuli undoblobis votumis winaaRmdeg

kanclerobis SenarCunebas umravlesobis dakargva mohy-

va, arCevnebSi gamarjvebis triumfs – piradi marcxi. am

gamowvevebis fonze mxolod mas SeeZlo gadarCena, visac

brZolis kataklizmebSi orientacia ar daukargavs da

eyo Zala, udrekad mihyoloda sakuTar rwmenas. es iyo

weliwadi, romlis ganmavlobaSic germaniis federaluri

kancleri saerTaSoriso wuxilis centrSi idga, vaSingto-

nidan moskovamde, honekeris CaTvliT, SeinarCunebda Tu

ara posts da rogor SeiZleboda daxmarebodnen.

am sabediwero wlis dasawyisSi mniSvnelovani iyo or

germanul saxelmwifos Soris xelSekrulebis proeqti,

128

romelic pirvel ratifikacias eloda. satransporto

xelSekrulebas yvela germanelisTvis unda gaeiolebi-

na mogzauroba, dasavleT berlinelebis CaTvliT. Cven

am xelSekrulebas vuyurebdiT rogorc models, romlis

mixedviTac gdr aRiqmeboda rogorc saxelmwifo, Tavi-

si gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebiT federaciul respu-

blikasTan. amave dros, gvaeWvebda, saerTod moaxerxeb-

da Tu ara federaluri mTavroba moskovisa da varSavis

xelSekrulebebis ratificirebas, radgan bundestagSi

umravlesobas wyali Sesdgomoda. rac ufro axlovde-

boda bundestagSi kenWisyra opoziciis mier undoblo-

bis gamocxadebis Taobaze, miT ufro icvlida jer kidev

dausrulebeli satransporto xelSekruleba politikur

elfers: xom ar gadaiqceoda igi mimosvlis mosalodneli

gamartivebis gamo instrumentad, romelic aRmosavleTis

xelSekrulebebs da oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebe-

bs saparlamento barierebis gadalaxvas gauiolebda?

slava da leo Relavdnen. breJnevis prestiJi da bonis

mimarT misi axali politika idga gamocdis win. mravali

kviris ganmavlobaSi vawvdidi maT mdgomareobis realur

suraTs da ratificirebis Sansebs ormocdaaTi-ormoc-

daaTze vafasebdi. breJnevma ruseTis germanelebis did

jgufs misca qveynidan gasvlis ufleba, magram qdk/qsk

gaerTianebis arcerTi deputatisTvis ar qceula es faq-

ti poziciis Secvlis sababad. koli uxeSad SeewinaaRmdega

Cems winadadebas, satranzito SeTanxmeba sacdeli vadiT

agvemoqmedebina: `arc ki moviazrebT, axal federalur

kancler barcels aseTi ZRveni mivarTvaT, magram Tu yve-

laferi CaiSleba, `gamyinvareba~ gvelodeba. mere ki isev

SegviZlia guliT SeviginoT~. Tumca, dameTanxma, rom Se-

Tanxmebis `droebiTi gamoyeneba~ SesaZlebelia miuRwe-

129

veli `ZalaSi Seyvanis~ sanacvlod. Semdeg mkiTxa, hone-

kerTan xom ar ginda saubario. niu iorkisa da moskovis

Semdeg, mesamed gamovcade ritorikuli kiTxvis meTodi.

mosamzadeblad im erTaderT kacs mivadeqi bonSi, vinc

honekers omis wina periodis zaarlandidan icnobda. her-

bert venerma mokled momiWra: `xelze sisxli ar scxia~. am

Sefasebas daveyrdeni da arc minania. aRmosavleT berlin-

Si Sevxvdi Cia kacs, Cemze dabali iyo, fermkrTali, ga-

daWimuli saxis kaniT da fxizeli mzeriT. yava rom damis-

xa, uxerxuloba gauqra. amovisunTqe, radgan ar ukiTxavs,

xval bundestagSi ra moxdebao. maSinve saqmeze gadavida

da dameTanxma, `roca saWiro iqneba~, berlini satrans-

porto xelSekrulebaSi CaerTvebao, rasac koli ewinaaR-

mdegeboda. is ki ara, ukeTesi formulac ki SemomTavaza,

magram uari ganvucxade. kolma mogvianebiT aRniSna: `amas

yovelTvis dagifasebTo~.

honekerTan saubars mohyva didi gardatexa. dasavleT

germanelebs ara mxolod naTesavebis, aramed nacnobebis

monaxulebac unda SesZlebodaT. saCuqrebisTvis dawese-

buli zRvaric gaizarda. nebadarTuli gaxda turistuli

mogzaurobebi, maT Soris, sakuTari avtomobiliTac. ga-

daudebel SemTxvevebSi ioldeboda, asakis zRvaris miuxe-

davad, ojaxebis gamTlianebis SesaZlebloba. jer ver be-

davda, dasavleTSi wamsvlelTa asakobrivi zRvari daewia.

Cveni saubari iyo wyaro, romelic xan farTovdeboda, xan

viwrovdeboda, magram milionobiT adamianis nakadad iqca.

`Cven mzad varT, am gzas davadgeT~, dameTanxma honeke-

ri, `gvsurs, iseve davZraT saqme, rogorc poloneTis da

CexeTis SemTxvevaSi, ar mivabaT vizitis ufleba garkveul

olqebs, gavzardoT sastumroebis moculoba Tqveni mo-

qalaqeebisTvis~. misi mxridan aseve dasZina – procesi

130

kontrols unda eqvemdebarebodeso. CemTvis cxadi iyo

yvelaferi, magram verc mimosvlis SezRudva da verc

saeWvo kampaniebi gaTiSvis Sesaxeb, ver SeaCerebda gdr-is

moqalaqeebis ltolvas dasavleTisaken.

Tu yvelaferi kargad iqna, mzad var, or saxelmwifos

Soris principuli urTierTobebi movagvaroTo, Sempirda

honekeri. amitom gTxoveT gvwveodiT, rom es gvecnobebina

TqvenTviso. es naTqvami mTeli darCenili wlisTvis mniSv-

nelovani aRmoCnda. somxur koniaks vsvamdiT... brandtTan

da vernerTan mokiTxva damabara.

arc satransporto xelSekrulebas da arc honekeris

dapirebebs bonSi ZalauflebisTvis gaCaRebuli mxurvale

brZolisTvis mniSvneloba ar SeuZenia. brandtis Tavdaje-

rebuli pozicia, dasavleTidan da aRmosavleTidan keTil-

ganwyobilTa daxmarebas miviRebdiT, gamarTlda. mogebuli

kenWisyris dRes bevrma miuloca. vaSingtonisa da moskovis

mxardaWera ki soliduri da sando aRmoCnda. 1972 wlis ga-

zafxulzeve gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso mzaoba, SenarCune-

buliyo social-liberaluri koalicia da grZelvadian

perspeqtivaSi eTanamSromlaT masTan.

axla umTavresi aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis rati-

ficireba gaxldaT. qveynisTvis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxSi

opoziciis fraqciis mier Tavis Sekavebas brandtma iro-

niulad `sindisisgan Tavis Sekaveba~ uwoda. opoziciis

lideris, rainer barcelis tragediaa, rom swored misi

fraqciis TavSekavebam moutana xmaTa umravlesoba am sa-

kiTxs da gza gauxsna moskovisa da varSavis xelSekrule-

bebis, agreTve, satransporto xelSekrulebis ratifi-

cirebas, rac daubrkoleblad ganxorcielda 17 da 26

maiss. oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis xelmoweriT satranzi-

to SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida. magram kancleris aparatSi

131

mainc arasasurveli ganwyoba sufevda. mas Semdeg, rac

Tavisufali demokratebis sami da social-demokratebis

erTi wevri qdk/qsk gaerTianebis banakSi gadabargdnen,

koaliciam umravlesoba dakarga. brandti ndobis votumis

dayenebas fiqrobda. emke emxroboda, me – ara. `kancleri,

romelsac biujets ar daumtkiceben, samsjavroze unda

wardges~, daiJina brandtma. me sxva argumentebiT davu-

sabuTe: `barceli es-esaa Zirs gaiSota. Sen ratom unda

mihyve mas?~ patis mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi, mTavro-

bas Widaoba ar unda daewyo. saRamos, kabinetis sxdoma-

ze brandtma gaicina: `yvela qveyanas sWirdeba mTavroba.

am qveyanas hyavs mTavroba. mSvenieria~. ase gaikvala gza

vadamdeli arCevnebisken.

1972 wlis ivlisSi gadmogvces breJnevis vrceli we-

rili brandtisadmi, miniSnebiT, rom gdr cdilobda mos-

kovTan Cveni urTierTobebi gaerTulebina. werili erT

saintereso informacias Seicavda: `barceli da Strausi

iTxoven kontaqts. Strauss uari eTqva, sanam pozicias

sajarod ar Seicvlis. barceli ki, romelic xazgasmiT

adasturebda, patiosnad vecade xelSekruleba miRebuli

yofiliyo, magram Cems Zalebs aRematebodao, Svebulebis

dawyebamde iTxovda Sexvedras. ar daveTanxmeT. am sakiTxi-

sadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi kontaqti

ver Sedgeba. Cemi azriT, am arguments igi ver moedaveba~.

wamyvani opoziciuri liderebis poziciis ase moulodne-

li cvlileba, Cavardnili ndobis votumidan mxolod sami

Tvis Semdeg, namdvilad sakvirveli iyo.

opoziciis saeWvo poziciis miuxedavad, arCevnebis Se-

degi Ria iyo. ramdenime social-demokratma daiJina, aR-

mosavleTis politikis radikalurobam da sulswrafobam

migviyvana am mdgomareobamdeo; orive unda SevaneloTo.

132

magram koalicias TiTqmis misionerulad sjeroda, rom

Cveni qveynisTvis sasargeblo da saWiro saqmes akeTebda.

am rwmenas yvela iziarebda – Seelis, veneris da emkes

CaTvliT. am pozicias pativs scemdnen adamianebi, maSin,

roca sazogadoeba Tanxmdeboda, rom es koalicia arCe-

vnebs veRar moigebda. yvelafer amas isic daemata, rom

kargi saxelis mqone ekonomikis ministri Sileric `gadax-

ta~ da qilikis sababi misca mowinaaRmdeges, netav ramdeni

amomrCeveli wahyveba Silerso.

kancleris kabinetSi brandti, veneri da me gdr-Tan

molaparakebebis gagrZelebaze vmsjelobdiT. venerma wi-

nadadeba wamoWra, satransporto xelSekrulebis modelis

mixedviT Tvidan Tvemde sxva xelSekrulebebic davdoT

sxvadasxva sferoSi da opozicia yovel jerze davayenoT

arCevanis winaSeo. me sabaziso xelSekrulebas vemxrobodi,

romelic or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobas srulyof-

da. vilim misTvis Cveuli maneriT Tqva: `gaagrZeleT msje-

loba~. misi manqanisken rom gavemarTeT, `biZas~ avuxseni,

rom mimdinare molaparakebebis Sesaxeb mudmivi informa-

cia ufro efeqturad gamoCndeboda sazogadoebaSi. aman

gadaarwmuna: `egre vqnaT. uTxari vilis~.

koalicia SeTanxmda, rom 19 noembers Catardeboda

bundestagis vadamdeli arCevnebi. koli da me mivxvdiT,

rom yovlismomcveli sabaziso xelSekruleba, romelic

fostis sakiTxidan kulturamde yvelafers moawesrigeb-

da, orive mxarisTvis sasurvel vadebSi SeuZlebeli iyo

mogveswro. ase da amgvarad iqca sabaziso xelSekrule-

ba sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebad, romelic ori

saxelmwifos Tanaarsebobis CarCos moawesrigebda, sanam

es saxelmwifoebi iarsebebdnen.

133

megobris gansacdeli

mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas hgavda, atirebulma ruT-

ma rom damireka da miTxra: vili isea, veRar daelaparake-

bio. noemberSi icoda xolme, Tavs cota xniT ganmartoe-

bis uflebas miscemda, rom dawynarebuliyo da Zalebi

moekriba. mudmivi wnexisgan unda gaTavisuflebuliyo.

mere mTeli weli sruli datvirTviT muSaobda Semdeg

noembramde. am movlenas depresiul fazad afasebdnen

da, nawilobriv, asec iyo. magram brandti depresiuli

adamiani ar yofila, piriqiT. visac gansakuTrebiT ma-

Ral Tanamdebobaze umuSavia industriis, kulturis da

politikis dargSi da srulad ar gauxeSebula, misTvis

nacnobia Cumi, mRrRneli TviTgamokvlevis faza. brand-

tisnair mgrZnobiare adamianze es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis.

mis Zlier mxares warmoadgenda Zalebis swrafi aRdgenis

unari. magram jer zafxuli idga da amitom iyo es ambavi

sagangaSo.

vili Cabnelebul oTaxSi iwva. `arafris xalisi aRar

maqvs~. cudi niSania, roca pasuxismgeblobiT moqmedeb

da da tvirTs xalisiT veRar atareb. mis laparakSi far-

xmlis dayra sibrazes erwymoda. varaudobda, rom emke

iyo ambis gatanis wyaro, razec veneri da Smidti sayve-

durobdnen. venerTan araferi gamodis, Smidtma ki viTom

134

megobruli da Tan sazizRari werili momwerao. fraq-

ciaSi ukmayofileba sufevs, radgan lideris rols ver

vasrulebo. emke, rogorc kancleris aparatis ufrosi,

ise iqceva, TiTqos Tavadaa mTavari da kancleris arse-

bobas iTmenso. partias qveynis marTvis unari aRar aqv-

so. Seeli ki misi saministros dawvrilmanebis gamo ukve

gavafrTxile, kremli saolqo sasamarTlo xom ar ggo-

nia-meTqi. Tavs vanebeb yvelaferso: `ar gaamarTla Cem-

ma meTodma, rom brZanebebs ar gavcem da adamianebs ise

vepyrobi, rogorc adamianebs~. misi survili, `davamTavro

da yvelaferi mivyaro~, sabednierod, ver Sesruldeboda,

radgan federaluri prezidenti sazRvargareT imyofebo-

da.

vakvirdebodi ra brandtis cxovrebis gzas, vxedav-

di adamians, romelic mudmivi wnexis qveS imyofeboda.

es vrceldeboda axalgazrda brandtzec da emigrant

brandtzec. da miTumetes deputatze, mmarTvel merze,

partiis Tavmjdomareze da kanclerobis mravalgzis kan-

didatze, sagareo saqmeTa ministrze da bolos federa-

lur kanclerze. pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad emateboda

unari, gaeZlo wnexisTvis. magram TiToeuli ufro didi

da yovlismomcveli pasuxismgebloba aiZulebda SesaZle-

blobebis sul axal-axal zRvars miaxloveboda da mT-

lianad gadawvdomoda kidec. rodis, rogor da sad unda

gantvirTuliyo mudmivi daZabulobisgan?

am mwvave kiTxvas mivyavdi martiv pasuxamde, rom unda

daesvena. Cveni TanamSromlobis dawyebidan Zalian male

mTeli erTi kvira gavatareT tunisis kunZul jerbaze,

nangrevebSi romaul monetebs veZebdiT, davaTvaliereT

qveynis yvelaze Zveli sinagoga da uzomod bevri vWameT

gubernatoris sadilze. sanapiroze seirnobisas vilim

135

uceb gaixada da vikingiviT gadaeSva wyalSi. CemTvis wy-

ali civi iyo. aseTi udardeli momentebi samociani wle-

bis dasawyisSic ganvicadeT meqsikis yureSi. vilis, Cr-

diloeT germaniis da skandinaviis wylebSi rom eswavla

Tevzaoba, iqac mounda. Sua zRvaSi ankesis gadagdeba ar

icoda. Cvenma Tanmxlebma pirebma maSinve wamoiyvires,

Toks xeli gauSvi, Torem TiTebs wagawyvets, Tevzi Tu

wamoegoo. rogorc axalbedam, yvelaze didi Tevzi me da-

viWire da vilis davuTme, maSinve foto gadaiRo. patara

biWebiviT gavlaRdiT. icoda, rom problemebiT ar Se-

vawuxebdi. sxvaTa Soris, arc xanmokle Sesvenebebis dros

da arc samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg Semiwuxebia raimeTi,

magaliTad, roca gerhard cverencis wignze `patara kaci

omsa da mSvidobaSi~ vlaparakobdiT da vxalisobdiT.

Svebulebisas ar vnaxulobdi, Tumca, kancleris Sve-

buleba mxolod da mxolod samuSao adgilis sxvagan ga-

datanas niSnavda. Cemi megobris cxovrebis arsi politi-

ka gaxldaT. ar davinteresebulvar, ojaxTan gatarebuli

dro mokle intervalebisgan Sedgeboda Tu xangrZlivi

periodebisgan. arc esiamovneboda aseTi kiTxvebi. gvqon-

da salaRobo wuTebic, magaliTad, roca brandti kabine-

tis sxdomis Semdeg SegvekiTxeboda xolme gantvirTvis

mizniT: `vin icis kargi anekdoti?~

1972 wels rom es krizisi dadga, sxvaTa Soris, ver-

cerTma gareSe pirma ver igrZno. brandts Zala da princi-

puloba im mSfoTvare wlis bolomde eyo. mtkice xasiaTi

hqonda. icoda Tavisi araCveulebrivi unarebis Sesaxeb

da uwyoda sakuTari mniSvneloba Cveni eris winaSe am al-

baT gansakuTrebul istoriul situaciaSi. am cnobiere-

bis, mokrZalebulobis da siamayis gamo isurva, rom misi

saflavis qvaze waeweraT: `igi ecada~.

136

dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs

Soris ndobis zrda

seqtembris dasawyisSi henri kisinjeri miunxenis olim-

piur TamaSebze Camovida, rom kanclers Sexvedroda.

Cvens urTierTobas TiTqmis guliTads uwodebdiT. yve-

laferze operatiulad da zustad gvayenebdnen saqmis

kursSi – iqneboda es moskovSi Sexvedrebi, niqsonTan

erTad pekinSi viziti Tu amerikuli jaris vietnamidan

gayvanis statusi. miunxenSi ar gveguleboda oTaxi, sa-

dac mosmenas ver SeZlebdnen, amitom amerikelebma hen-

ris sastumro oTaxi saguldagulod aRWurves da sandod

miiCnies. Sedegad, germaniis kancleri, usafrTxoebis sa-

kiTxebSi amerikel mrCevels iqiT eaxla. henrim brandts

gauziara gegma, romlis mixedviTac niqsons da breJnevs

vladivostokSi xelSekruleba unda daedoT erTmaneTis

winaaRmdeg atomuri iaraRis argamoyenebaze, Sesabami-

sad, sakuTari teritoriebis dacvaze. es ar exeboda Ci-

neTs, axlo aRmosavleTsa da evropas. brandti da me ukve

didi xania vvaraudobdiT, rom orive super-saxelmwifos

sasicocxlo interesi, xelSeuxebeli gaexadaT maTTvis

wminda teritoriebi da, Sesabamisad, gadarCeniliyvnen,

saqme saqmeze Tu midgeboda, evropas gadaaqcevda mcire

atomuri iaraRis sacdel poligonad. axla ki es scenari

137

xelSekrulebad unda qceuliyo, raTa ufro masStaburi

atomuri safrTxe SeemcirebinaT, rac namdvilad dadebi-

Tad aisaxeba evropazeco.

henris germaniis kancleris reaqciis mosinjva un-

doda. brandti daeTanxma, Tuki natos valdebulebebi

ucvleli darCebao. xazgasmiT gamokveTa Tavisi mosazre-

ba, gadarCenis erTaderTi Sansi mSvidobiani Tanacxovre-

baao. am realobis paragrafebSi mosaqcevad federaluri

respublika aSS-s mxars dauWerso. vaSingtonsa da moskovs

Soris urTierTobebis ganmuxtva germaniisTvisac xel-

sayreliao. ndoba SenarCunda. `arxiT komunikaciisasac~

ki ar xsenebula arasdros kisinjersa da brandts Soris

damuSavebuli sakiTxi, aramed yovelTvis mivaniSnebdiT

`mxolod kanclerisTvis gankuTvnil informaciaze~.

am ganzomilebis pirispir germanul-germanuli sa-

kiTxebi erTi cicqna Canda, magram CvenTvis, bunebrivia,

es ase ar iyo. brandti miunxenSi darCa, roca `Savma se-

qtemberma~ israelis gundze TavdasxmiT bolo mouRo

mxiarul TamaSebs. man federalur prezident hainemanTan

erTad miiRo olimpiuri TamaSebis gagrZelebis gadawyve-

tileba.

bonSi honekeris piradi gzavnili miviRe. mTavazobda,

miuxedavad siZneleebisa, davaCqaroT molaparakebebio

da mamcnobda mzaobas, kidev erTxel SevxvdeT pirispi-

ro. brandtTan SesaTanxmebeli dro aRar mrCeboda. ga-

vfrindi berlinSi da gzaSi stenografiulad Camovwere

xuTi punqti, romelsac honekers warvudgendi, rogorc

kancleris gzavnils. rodesac Semdeg saRamos vilis misi

saxeliT naTqvami es punqtebi miunxenSi wavukiTxe, gai-

cina: `madloba RmerTs, ase giTqvams. ase mZafrad me ver

vityodio~.

138

pirispir Sexvedra Sedga arsebiT sakiTxebze, ramac,

ori Tvis Semdeg, sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis

damTavreba gaaiola. Tanamemamules saintereso eman si-

pi re bul Jestad CavuTvale SeniSvna, rom sahaero kori-

dorebs daicavda da momavalSi germanul-germanul sahae-

ro mimosvlaze davdebdiT xelSekrulebas. amaze adre mec

mifiqria. Tumca saqme rom ar gamovida, arc gdr-is bra-

li iyo da arc gromikosi, aramed dasavleTis sami Zalis

sahaero ataSeebis, romelTac Cvens gegmas maTi monopo-

listi kompaniebis interesebis gamo mxari ar dauWires.

arcerT sxva Temaze ar gamouxatavs honekers Tavisi

azri ase dawvrilebiT da mravalwaxnagovnad, rogorc

eris sakiTxze. `xeli ar moewereba arcerT xelSekrule-

bas, sadac ewereba `eris erToba~ an `qveynis gaerTianeba~,

aRniSna man. arcerTi Cveni mokavSire ar emxroba germaniis

gaerTianebaso. orive mxares `aweven xels, es sityvebi Tu

gaigoneso~. orive saxelmwifo erTad ekonomikurad zed-

metad gaZlierdebao. Semdeg mamcno, `yvela mowyobilobas

davSli, romlebic aqamde gfr-is Sida saqmeebSi ereodao~.

imaves ver moiTxovda bonisgan – man icoda konstituciiT

dadgenili sazRvrebi – magram mniSvnelobas aniWebda sity-

vas `Caurevloba~, romelic saxelmwifoTa Soris urTier-

Tobis elementarul princips gulisxmobda~. `samSvidobo

xelSekrulebis~ Tema `droebiT~ daviviwyoT molaparake-

bebisaso: `samSvidobo xelSekruleba ar gaformdeba. es

ukve viciT, iqneb boloSi CavweroT es fraza. – ar vici~.

honekerma gamWriaxoba, gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari

da meti kompetencia gamoavlina, vidre zogierTma Cvenma

maRalCinosanma bonSi. mis gareSe Sidagermanuli daaxloe-

ba ver ganxorcieldeboda. gasaocaria, rogor Secda,

139

rom egona, sazRvrebis gavleba da daaxloeba erTdrou-

lad aRsruldeboda. rogorc mas moeqcnen gaerTianebis

Semdeg, namdvilad ar aris saamayo.

gamomSvidobebisas brandtTan da venerTan damabara

mokiTxva da dasZina, zaarlandSi veneris qveSevrdomi

viyavio; siamovebiT Sevxvdebodi kidev erTxel `mis vel-

zeo~. bonSi `biZam~ amoisunTqa da vilisaviT gaixara, awi

molaparakebebis bolomde miyvanas rom SevZlebdiT.

ministrTa kabinetSi Smidti erT ambavSi iyo, gveyofa

baris amdeni qebao; mas, rogorc moxeles, isedac zomaze

metad aqcevs yuradRebas presa da televiziao. ar vici,

es kritika iyo Tu ara vilis moulodneli SemoTavazebis

mizezi, rodesac miTxra, bundestagis mandatisTvis unda

ibrZoloo: `Seni megobari helmuti fiqrobs, rom par-

tiaSi Seni dawinaurebaa saWiro~. garda amisa, mandati ar

gawyens, Tu arCevnebs wavagebTo. Smidtis SeniSvna exeboda

Cems miznad dasaxul Sedegs, romliTac veners varwmuneb-

di, pirdapir sabaziso xelSekrulebaze gadavideT-meTqi.

kolTan Sexvedrebma samocs gadaaWarba da saqmes bolo

jer kidev ar uCanda.

koaliciis saTaveSi moqceul jgufSi urTierToba me-

gobruli gaxldaT. Seelma emkes TandaswrebiT moswrebu-

lad SeniSna: `kolega emke TiTqmis yvela problemas Wris,

romelTac Tavad qmnis~. kancleris aparatis Sefi, Wkvia-

ni da efeqturi TanamSromeli, TavganwirviT uSverda

mkerds kanclerisaTvis gankuTvnil isrebs... garda amisa,

igi meTvalyureobda saidumlo samsaxurebs. horsts rom

maincdamainc Cexi qali Seuyvarda, sasixarulo da pikan-

turi ambavi iyo. magram RamRamobiTac xom unda dagvesve-

na, es ki Cemi xelSewyobiT xdeboda. erTmaneTs vcvlidiT

140

xolme da SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT, romelimes Tu gagvi-

tacebdnen (maSin mosalodneli iyo), pirdapir mivaWridiT

megobarTan. aRtacebuli viyavi, rogor Tavdauzogavad

SeeZlo muSaoba hotes, rogorc mas veZaxdiT. gavecani im

uzarmazar samuSaos, romelic Cemi sagareo politikuri

saqmianobis miRma arsebobda. koaliciis Sida politikuri

warmatebebi ar iyo ise gaxmaurebuli, rogoradac ekuT-

vnoda. kancleris aparatisadmi gamovlenili Suri ga-

sakviri ar unda yofiliyo.

rodesac bundestagis mandatisTvis brZolaze Tanx-

moba ganvacxade, vilim ioxen StefenTan gamiSva. Slez-

vig-holStainis Tavmjdomare suliT xorcamde memarcxe-

ne demokrati gaxldaT, romelic veranair komunisturad

Seferil tendencias ver guobda, rogorsac, magaliTad,

hamburgSi vawydebodiT. misi sityvebi `aseTi kvercxisTa-

va gvWirdeba~ kmaroda, rom federalur miwaze siis pir-

vel nomrad averCie. ukve mimdinare molaparakebebsa da

Sexvedrebs orSabaTobiT qveynis ukidures CrdiloeTSi

saarCevno olqSi vizitebic daemata. madlobeli viyavi,

rom partiis adgilobriv organizacias Cemi da Cemi bo-

nuri saqmeebis esmoda, maTi nawili xom namdvilad ar ga-

moxatavda mkafio memarcxene pozicias. `wiTelma ioxenma~

amixsna, rom birTvuli energiis mSvidobiani gamoyeneba

bolos da bolos gzas gauxsnis energetikis probleme-

bis sufTad gadaWris perspeqtivaso. amgvarad aRmovCn-

diT progresis saTaveSi. maSin viswavle is, rac mTeli

cxovreba memaxsovreba: politika kvalSi udgas mecnie-

rebas, maSinac, roca is axal safrTxeebs aRmoaCens, maga-

liTad Cernobilis an fukuSimas Semdeg gamosxivebiani

narCenebis gatanisas. ganaxlebadi energiis SemTxvevaSic

141

ase iqneba. politikis keTili ganzraxva, Tan prevenciuli

da Tan uwyveti gavlena iqonios, gulubryvilod Cans. igi

momavlSic gahyveba teqnikis nebismier gardamtex siaxles.

xolo mecnierebis gafrTxileba globaluri resursebis

amowurvis Sesaxeb ejaxeba politikas, romelic mxolod

Tavisi sakanonmdeblo vadis farglebSi azrovnebs.

142

finiSis swors

molaparakebebisas mixael koli da me SevTanxmdiT bal-

tiis zRvasa da biomeris tyis regionSi mcire sasazRvro

mimosvlaze. es regioni, romelic 110 olqs moicavs, oTxi

axali sasazRvro punqtiT aRiWurva. damatebiT oTxze

kolma uari miTxra: `axla meti ar SemiZliao~. berlinis

sazRvris gadakveTis pirveli dokumentis SemoReba rom

maxsendeboda, did talRas velodi. koli Sempirda, Tu ase

moxda, dauyenebliv SevxvdeT da axal punqtebze movila-

parakoTo. didi imedgacrueba meloda: xalxi punqtebs ar

mowydomia. ufro didi imedgacrueba – 1990 wlis 3 oqtom-

bris Semdeg Zvel samSobloSi dabrunebis didi talRac

ar yofila, dasavleTSi miRebuli mdidari gamocdilebis

xalxi ukan ar dabrunebula. rogorc ers, bedma gagviRi-

ma. koreuli tragizmi, rom xalxi marTla SeiZleba gayo,

Tuki didi xniT daaSoreb erTmaneTs, Cven agvcda.

molaparakebebis daskvniT etapze brandtma gadawy-

vita breJnevisTvis eTxova gdr-ze zemoqmedeba, Semxve-

dri nabijebi gadmoedgaT samSvidobo xelSekrulebis

da eris principuli sakiTxebis molaparakebebis gzaze.

xelSekruleba rom yvela mxarisTvis misaRebi yofiliyo,

masSi unda Sesuliyo debuleba, rom `ori germanuli

saxelmwifos SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba erT ers. Sesabamisi

143

formulirebis gareSe xelSekrulebis politikurad ga-

tana ver moxerxdeboda, mas sakonstitucio sasamarTloc

baTilad cnobda~. ase gulaxdili saubari ar gaZnelebu-

la, radgan brandti da breJnevi 1971 wlis Semodgomaze,

yirimSi meore Sexvedrisas erTmaneTs dauaxlovdnen, maT

Soris ndoba damyarda da mere xSiri mimowera hqondaT.

aseTi aradiplomatiuri qmedeba ara marto gabeduli na-

biji iyo, cotaTi Tavxeduric, did Zmas sTxovda gdr-ze

gav lena iqonieo.

ramdenimedRiani dumilis Semdeg `Cvenma arxma~ mir-

Cia, pirdapir breJnevTan mosinjeo. `mas uyvarxar~, jer

kidev yirimSi miTxra brandtma. vvaraudobdiT, rom gdr

Cemi vizitis Sesaxeb Seityobda, radgan kolTan Sexvedris

gauqmeba momiwevda, es ki parafirebamde darCenil sabo-

loo etapze uaryofiTad imoqmedebda. vilim riskze was-

vla gadawyvita.

moskovSi saaTobiT velaparakebodi gromikos, magram

adgilidan ver davZari. meore dilas, 1972 wlis 10 oqtom-

bers, breJnevi guliTadad momesalma. `Tqven iseve gela-

parakebiT, rogorc kanclers~. saubari TanamdebobisTvis

Seuferebeli anekdotebiT daiwyo. mogvianebiT brandti

gavarTe am anekdotebiT, ZiriTadi punqtebi Caviwere –

`oTxi qali~, `logikis ambavi~ da `Cvidmeti wlis biWi~.

amasobaSi es anekdotebi damaviwyda. Cveni molaparake-

bebis ZiriTadi punqtebis Sesaxeb ki aRniSna, urTulesi

sakiTxia da safuZvlian awon-dawonas moiTxovso. roca

Cibuxis SaliTa gavxseni da Cibuxis datenvas Sevudeqi,

mxolod maSin modunda, radgan SeamCnia, rom xmis Camwe-

ri ar mqonda. manac amoiRo jibidan kolofi, sigarets

moukida da eqimebze daiCivla, raRaca uqnes am kolofs,

mxolod naxevar saaTSi erTxel ixsnebao. mkiTxa, saar-

144

Cevno kampania rogor midiso. oTxi saaTis Semdeg ise

davasruleT saubari, im ori punqtis Sesaxeb araferi

daudgenia, risTvisac Cavedi. Sahi enda mieRo. ra gavlena

moaxdina Semdeg aRmosavleT berlinel amxanagebze, kanc-

lerisTvis gagzavnil cnobaSic ar gamovlenila: `Zalian

kmayofili var baton barTan saubriT. mas velaparakebodi

da Tqveni xma mesmoda. xandaxan orive Cvengani gamovxa-

tavdiT gansxvavebul poziciebs, magram es ar gaxdeba

imedgacruebis mizezi ... Cven mzad varT, yvelaferi ga-

vakeToT Tqvens dasaxmareb lad~.

Cemi moxsenebis Semdeg vilim da me davaskveniT is, rom

honekerma samarTlianad migvaniSna, aravin icis, Sedge-

ba Tu ara samSvidobo xelSekruleba da rodiso. weri-

li germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb, romelic moskovis

xelSekrulebis xelmowerisas gadaveciT, gdr-is winaSec

sakmarisi iqneboda. kabinetis viwro wreSi ganvixileT

eris CarTvis sakiTxi. mxolod veneri Semepasuxa: `amas ar

unda SevwiroT xelSekruleba~. magram veneri uflebamo-

sili ar iyo CemTvis miTiTebi moeca.

Semdeg, SesaZloa bolo sxdomaze, kols avuxseni, rom

preambulaSi mainc Tu ar iqneboda naxsenebi eri, para-

firebas ver Sevpirdebodi. sxdoma Sewyvita da naxevar

saaTSi dabrunda honekerisgan uflebamosili, Cemi for-

mulirebiT gvemuSava. Cveni xelmoweriT dasrulda mola-

parakebebi. axla orive mTavrobas unda gadaewyvita Tanx-

moba moeca xelmoweraze.

parafireba ganxorcielda 8 noembers, xelSekrulebis

teqstis gamoqveynebis paralelurad. mosaxleobas 19 noem-

bris arCevnebze am sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis-

Tvisac unda eyara kenWi; axal mTavrobas xel-fexi unda

145

gaxsnoda an Tavidan daewyo molaparakebebi, an saerTod

ar gaemarTa.

parafirebis Semdeg federalurma kanclerma mixael

koli miiRo. TviTonac ar gvjeroda Cveni bednierebisa,

iseTi daRlilebi visxediT kancleris bungaloSi, sixa-

rulis Tavic aRar gvqonda, rom amxela saqme marTla

gavakeTeT. arCevnebSi gamarjvebam SesaZlebeli gaxada

xelSekrulebis xelmowera 21 dekembers. manamde ki Sev-

TanxmdiT, rom mxars davuWerdiT gdr-is gancxadebas pa-

rizSi iuneskos wevrobaze, ori kviriT adre amaze lapa-

rakic ki SeuZlebeli iqneboda.

arCevnebSi social-demokratiuli partiis udidesma

warmatebam igi bundestagis yvelaze Zlier partiad aqcia.

`virCevT vilis!~ aRmoCnda yvelaze Zvirfasi argumenti.

rodis SevZlebT plakatebze isev davweroT: `germanele-

bo, SegviZlia viamayoT Cveni qveyniT~. es iyo mwvervali,

romelzec veravin mokalaTdeba.

vilim TiTqmis sazeimod gadamixada madloba sabaziso

principebis xelSekrulebisTvis. `es Seni pirmSoa. daim-

saxure, rom Tavad moawero xeli Sens xelSekrulebas~.

isev SemomTavaze kancleris aparatSi emkes movaleoba

Camebarebina. roca isev viuare, miTxra: `maSin bundestagis

mandati mainc unda aiRo~. Semdeg siera leoneSi xanmokle

SvebulebiT gamgzavrebis neba damrTo. rom davbrundi,

gaTamaSebuli sixaruliT mamcno, koaliciam Sen da ver-

ner maihoferi gansakuTrebul davalebaTa federalur

ministrebad wargadginaTo. horst graberti saxelmwifo

mdivnis rangSi gauZRveboda kancleris aparats. man, ro-

gorc federalurma senatorma, kargad icoda rogorc

berlinis, aseve bonis problemebi. pirovnulad sasiamov-

146

no, Wkviani da, emkesTan SedarebiT, wynari kaci iyo. emkem

samecniero kvlevisa da teqnologiis sfero Caibara.

SvebulebaSi yofnis gamo sindisi mqenjnida, mTe-

li wlis aliaqoTiT daRlil megobars rom vuyurebdi.

xrinwiani xma hqonda, saxmo simebi unda gavaTlevinoo da

uxaroda mTliani narkozi rom eloda da mere ori kvira

ver ilaparakebda, Tanac kabinetis Seqmnis davidarabas

Tavidan aicilebda. praqtikulad mxolod kancleris

aparatis nawili hqonda mogvarebuli. magram veners mo-

sazrebebis grZeli sia gadasca kabinetis Semadgenlobis

Sesaxeb; mogvianebiT aRmoaCina, rom es sia am ukanasknels

portfelSi `daviwynoda~. amgvarad, koaliciam brandtis

survilis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe gadawyvita axali kabi-

netis Targi da Semadgenloba, rasac saxelmwifo gada-

trialebas ver daarqmevdi, magram federaluri kancle-

ris winaaRmdeg namdvilad iyo mimarTuli. mogvianebiT

miyveboda, operaciis Semdeg laparaki da moweva akrZa-

luli rom mqonda, yoveldRe or Secdomas vuSvebdi da

vercerTi avicile Tavidano. Sen mainc ar Sewyvito uceb

mowevao, gamafrTxila. sabediswero wels Cemi megobari

gamofituli da dasustebuli daemSvidoba.

147

gaWianurebuli starti

axali weli valter Seelma saerTo ganwyobis aRweriT

daaxasiaTa: `batono federaluro kanc lero, 1973 welma

meti simSvide unda mogvitanos, vidre siaxle. upirveles

yovlisa, meti dro unda davuTmoT imas, rom mosaxleo-

bas ganvumartoT, rac aqamde gavakeTeT~. sagulisxo rCeva

iyo, radgan sakuTar partiaSic igrZnoboda, rom ganmux-

tvis politika da aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebis su-

liskveTeba sazogadod cnobili ar iyo, rac umniSvnelo

winaaRmdegobis drosac iCenda xolme Tavs.

saaxalwlo uqmeebi sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda megobars

Zalebi aRedgina. gauqra is enTuziazmi, romliTac 1969

wels pirvel samTavrobo programaze muSaobda. meore

moxseneba saministroebis mier mowodebuli monaxazebis-

gan Sekowiwda. gamosvlis teqstebs popularuli mwerlis

Semomatebamac ver uSvela. klaus harprextis saocari

ostatobiT dawerili Tomas manis biografia mogvianebiT

erTi amosunTqviT wavikiTxe, Tumca literaturaSi ukeT

erkveoda, vidre politikaSi. misi SemoTavazeba, sity-

va `compassion~ gveqcia mTavar cnebad, vilis moewona, me

ki sisustis gamovlinebad miviCnie da xarkis gadaxdad

imgvari ganaTlebisTvis, romlis miRebis saSualebac mas

cxovrebaSi ar mieca. ra saWiro iyo germaniis kancleris

148

gamosvlaSi iseTi inglisuri sityva, romelsac mSobliur

enaSi zusti Sesatyvisi ar moeZebneboda? magram vilim

ase daiJina da ver SeekamaTebodi. is iyo Zalagamoclili

suli, romelmac Caanacvla Seqmnis wadiliT nasazrdoebi

eiforia.

cota dagvianebiT mec momeZala molaparakebebiT gada-

tvirTuli wina sami wlis daRliloba. 1973 wlis martis

dasawyisSi Tavs SeuZlod vgrZnobdi da klinikaSi wavedi.

eqims undoda, iqve davetovebine. magram meore dRes pariz-

Si unda gavmgzavrebuliyavi – Tu sikvdili gindaT, mokv-

diT, me ra menaRvlebao. – damadevna mwyralad. adrenalini

sruliad amomewura. axal germanul enaze amas `bernauti~

hqvia. oTxi kvira viweqi. mTeli arsebiT yvelasa da yve-

lafris mimarT aqamde ucnob gulgrilobis reJimze ga-

daverTe. aRarc gazeTebi mainteresebda da aRarc radio

da televizori, vilis zaric ki. oTxi kviris Semdeg Zlivs

avdeqi, tegernis tbaze gadamiyvanes sanatoriumSi da SeS-

foTebuli vcdilobdi artikulaciis unari dambrunebo-

da. vili mzrunvelad kiTxulobda Cemi gamojanmrTelebis

ambebs. hans-ioxen fogelma moulodnelad mominaxula,

misi mudam madlieri davrCebi.

maisma ganwyoba gamomikeTa. breJnevi federalur res-

publikaSi Tavisi pirveli vizitis dros, kancleris re-

zidenciis win, veRar Seelia ruTis xelze kocnas. ur-

TierTsimpatia namdvilad igrZnoboda. sagareo uwyebam

uari Tqva stumris sapativcemlod ocdaerTi zalpis

gasrolaze, rogorc es parizSi mouwyves, saxelmwifos me-

Tauri ar ariso. magram bolos protokols sawinaaRmde-

go araferi hqonda, breJnevs xeli moewera dokumentebze,

risi ufleba `sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobis saxeliT~ mas

saerTod ar hqonda.

149

generalurma mdivanma da kanclerma gromikos da

me komunikes momzadeba dagvavales. erTmaneTs marTla

davejaxeT. gromiko ambobda, berlinis Sesaxeb gadawyve-

tileba oTxma gamarjvebulma Zalam miiRoo. federaciu-

li respublika arafer SuaSia da am vizitis komunikeSic

ar unda Sevideso. Cemma kategoriulma pasuxma: `berli-

nis gareSe komunike saerTod ar iqneba!~. samarisebuli

siCume gaaxangrZliva, sanam falini Seecdeboda viTare-

bis gamosworebas. man Tqva, vecdebi barTan dalaparake-

baso. buzRuniT daeTanxmnen sasacilo Sedegs, rome-

lic gamoixateboda fraziT – oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis

xelSekrulebis `ganuxreli dacva da sruli gamoyeneba~.

meore dilas yvela Tanaxma iyo, me ki viswavle, ras niS-

navs `solomonuri~ gadawyvetileba.

saRamos brandtma orive delegaciis sapativcemod

Tavis rezidenciaSi vaxSami gamarTa. buzis gafrenas gai-

gonebdiT, rodesac generaluri mdivani – omSi wiTeli

armiis politkomisari da vermaxtis ufrosi leitenanti

helmut Smidti brZolebis da ruseTSi cecxlis Sewyvetis

Sesaxeb yvebodnen, miTumetes roca gairkva, rom frontis

erTsa da imave monakveTze idgnen erTmaneTis pirispir.

aRelveba leonid iliCsac daetyo. sxva arc erT or xalxs

ar miuyenebia erTmaneTisTvis aseTi Rrma Wriloba. SiSi

da pativiscema igrZnoboda.

aeroportSi, gamomSvidobebisas breJnevma mxarze xeli

damado da mkiTxa, ukmayofilo saxe ratom gaqvso. evropis

usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb arasakmarisad vilaparakeT-meTqi,

mivuge. dameTanxma; magram damaimeda, pesimisturad nu

ganewyobi, yvelaferi kargad iqnebao.

oTxi dRis Tavze bavariis miwis mTavrobam federalur

sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Seitana gancxadeba – saba-

150

ziso principebis xelSekrulebis dauyonebliv SeCerebis

Taobaze, misi akrZalvis mizniT. karlsrueSi zepir mosme-

naze mxolod maSin davmSviddi, rodesac vigrZeni, goneba

da metyveleba Cveulebisamebr aRmidga. bavariis winaaR-

mdeg erTxmad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Semdeg yvela

xelSekruleba, rogorc iqna, ZalaSi Sevida.

ormocdaaTiani wlebis bolodan moyolebuli, advoka-

tebisa da evangelisturi eklesiis daxmarebiT dawesda

federaciul respublikaSi gadmosvlis msurvelTa miRe-

bis sanacvlod gdr-isTvis fulis gadaxdis praqtika. ar-

cerTi mTavroba amiT ar amayobda. dasavleT germaniis

mediam icoda, magram `gamosyidulTa~ interesebs icavda

da am SemTxvevebs oci wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebda.

am saqmeebis mogvareba volfgang fogels, gdr-is ndobiT

aRWurvil advokats evaleboda.

sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris dros

gamarTul saubarSi gdr-is sagareo saqmeTa ministrma

amixsna: `advokatis arxi SegviZlia davxuroT. awi xom

gveqneba sakonsulo samsaxurebi~. mec imaves vfiqrobdi.

magram aRmosavleT berlinma moulodneli saaxalwlo sa-

Cuqari mogvimzada da gamgzavrebis uflebis gacema saer-

Tod Sewyvita, amiT Seqmna e. w. `Cemodnis saqmeebi~ – ada-

mianebi, romlebic nebadarTul gamgzavrebas elodnen.

marTalia, yvelas vafrTxilebdi, germanul-germanuli

TaflobisTvis eiforias nu ayvebiT-meTqi, magram namdvi-

lad ar velodi, rom nacrisferi realoba ase Cqara dad-

geboda.

brandtis nebarTviT kols velaparake am orive mxaris-

Tvis uRirs qmedebaze. adamianebiT amgvari vaWroba unda

damTavrdes da or saxelmwifos Soris ormxrivi interese-

bis gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvel doneze unda avides-meTqi.

151

kols Sesabamisi kompetencia ar gaaCnda da berlinTan

konsultaciis Semdeg politbiuros wevr paul verner-

Tan Sexvedra SemomTavaza. paul verners Cemi mosazrebebi

rom warvudgine, miTxra: Tqven Cemi darwmuneba SeZeliT

da federalur kanclers ase gadaeciTo. detalebze ki

kolTan moiTaTbireTo.

gaxarebulma Sefma bonSi momiloca warmateba. mo-

gvianebiT veneri SemogvierTda da masac miaxara kar-

gi ambavi, is ki afeTqda: es saSinelebaa, awi yvelaferi

gaiyinebao. yvelafers dablokaven da `Cemodnis saqmeebi~

moimatebso. or dReSi damidastura kolma, SegviZlia de-

talebze `amxanag vernerTan Tqveni saubris Sesabamisad~

movilaparakoTo. vili: `xom xedav, gamodis!~ Sexvedramde

erTi dRiT adre kolma mizezis dasaxelebis gareSe gaauq-

ma Sexvedra. veners ramdenime dRe dasWirda, rom mosalo-

dneli SeTanxmeba aRekveTa.

rutina grZeldeboda. hanoverStraseze Cveni axlad

Seqmnili mudmivi warmomadgenlobisTvis Senoba SevarCie

da giunter gausi daviTanxme, stilis damamkvidrebel

yinulmWrelad emuSava. magram manam ver daviyolieT, sa-

nam vilim ar daarwmuna, ra mniSvnelovani iqneboda misi

saqmianoba da misi rCeva kancleris aparatisTvis. aRmo-

savleT berlinidan xma mogvivida, gromiko mudmivi war-

momadgenlobis gaxsnis molaparakebebze xelis SeSlas

apirebso. moskovis Careva erTwlian gajanjlebad dagvi-

jda da Tan davinaxeT, rom gdr am umniSvnelo sakiTxis

gadawyvetaSic ar iyo damoukidebeli. Cven ki ise unda

dagvWira Tavi, TiTqos misi damoukideblobis gvjeroda.

152

veneri

am ambis winapiroba erT-erTi saubaria, romelic brandts,

venersa da Cems Soris Sedga. `Cemodnis saqmeebi~ Cemi sam-

saxurSi aryofnis drosac ver gadaiWra. venerma gvacnoba,

honekerma mimiwvia qveynidan gasvlis uflebaze samsje-

lodo. vifiqre, volfgang miSniks waviyoleb (isic masa-

viT drezdeneli iyo), Tavisufali demokratebis fraq-

ciis Tavmjdomares, politikuri riskis Sesamcireblado.

vSiSobdi, ar gauWirdebaT avaria momiwyono. me vuTxari,

pirveli kaci Tu gpatiJebs, iseve usafrTxod iqnebi, ro-

gorc abraamis kalTaSi-meTqi. SemaSina misma kategoriul-

ma da xistma pasuxma: `Tqven ar gesmiT! arsebobs raRace-

bi, rasac ar patioben da ar iviwyebeno~. ar TamaSobda,

marTla Zalian eSinoda. Semdeg teqnikuri samzadisis de-

talebi gaviareT, cudi araferi gvifiqria da yuradRe-

ba ar migviqcevia, rom miSnikis mowveva misi aRmosavlel

berlineli liberal-demokratiuli megobrisgan drou-

lad mosuliyo. vilimac SeniSna, rom veneri mravlobiTSi

gvelaparakeboda. social-demokratebi imTaviTve miamite-

bi varT komunistebTan SedarebiT. `Tqven~-Si Senc gigu-

lisxma~, miTxra vilim, `da CvenTan xazgasmiT daiWira dis-

tanciao~.

153

`Cemodnis saqmeebi~ gadaiWra. venerma 30 maiss hone-

kerTan pirispir Sexvedrisas SeaTanxma qveynidan gasvlis

akrZalvis SeCereba; am ukanasknelma ki maSinve miuTiTa

Stazis Sefs erix milkes. miSniki erTi dRiT gvian Caer-

To molaparakebebSi. saubris Canaweri ar migviRia, kidev

ra iTqva, ar viciT. kolTan oficialur molaparakebeb-

Si araferi Secvlila. magram zafxulSi moskovis arxma

mravaljer Segvatyobina, rom venerma gdr-is kontaqteb-

Tan kritikuli da upativcemlo komentarebiT moixsenia

brandti. brandtma am informaciis mowodebisTvis wyaros

madloba SeuTvala. dRemde upatiebelia Cveni gulubry-

viloba.

didi koaliciis dros veneri federaluri ministris

rangSi xelmZRvanelobda saerTo germanuli sakiTxebis

farglebSi `adamianebis mdgomareobis Semsubuqebis~ Te-

mas, anu advokat volfgang fogelis ZalisxmeviT gamosyi-

duli moqalaqeebis sakiTxs. federaluri mTavrobis wev-

roba misTvis niSnavda, rom qdk/qsk gaerTianebam aSkarad

apatia warsuli. patiebis ganwyoba maSin dasrulda, roca

1969 wels social-liberalur koaliciaSi social-demok-

ratiuli partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare gaxda. qveynidan

gasvlis kompetencia isev saministros darCa, amdenad,

mTel am kompleqsSi igi araviTar rols aRar TamaSobda.

1973 wlis bolos veneri bundestagis delegaciasTan

erTad gaemgzavra moskovSi – es iyo brandtis ganmuxtvis

politikis dagvianebuli saCuqari. kancleris aparatSi yve-

la vTanxmdebodiT, rom `biZas~ es mogzauroba warsulTan

SerigebaSi daexmareboda. vizitis kulminacias warmoad-

genda Sexvedra mis yofil ufrosTan, boris ponomariov-

Tan. am Sexvedraze kidev ufro augad mouxsenebia brandti,

vidre Jurnalistebis winaSe, rogorc arxma Segvatyobina,

154

uTqvams: `is moRalateao~. saagentoebi ki iuwyebodnen:

`brandti saqmeebs ver uZRveba. uniaToa. mTavrobac unia-

Toao~. brandtma es ambavi maincdamainc maSin gaigo, roca

federaciuli respublikis gaeroSi gawevrianebis gamo niu

iorkSi sityviT gamovida. viziti Sewyvita.

vili brazisgan boboqrobda. `ukve kmara. an – is, an

– me~. horst graberma maSinve izruna TviTmfrinavze. un-

doda moskovSi CaekiTxa venerisTvis, raTa masTan erTad

Camofreniliyo bonSi da trapidan CamosvlisTanave gaeke-

Tebinebina gadadgomis gancxadeba. vilis vurCie, veners

piradad daelaparake-meTqi. am dapirispirebas namdvilad

moigebda, magram misi energia sxva saqmeebs ufro sWirde-

boda. amitom TviTmfrinavis SekveTa gavauqmeT. maTi sau-

bari veneris TxovniT ase dasrulda: `modi, kidev erTxel

vcadoT~. dRemde dardad mawevs da Tavs vidanaSauleb,

rom megobars araswori rCeva miveci. vilis amis gamo ara-

sodes usayveduria.

*

vili brandti sanimuSo magaliTi iyo imisa, rom au-

cilebeli araa politikam adamiani garyvnas. herbert ve-

neri Zalauflebis motrfiale kaci gaxldaT, romelsac

sindisi ar awuxebda, da adamianebs Wadrakis figurebiviT

aTamaSebda. brandtma Tavisi pirovnuli Tvisebebi Seurwya

sazogadoebis Secvlis farTo politikur xedvas. veneri

saocrad gadametebuli warmodgenis iyo sakuTar Tavze,

xolo Tavisi poziciis gasamagreblad da imis gasatanad,

rac saWirod miaCnda, yvelafers kadrulobda. brandti

Tavs Zlierad xalxis samsaxurSi grZnobda, veners ki,

155

sakuTari warsuliT damZimebuls, mxolod ukana rigidan,

Tanamdebobis gareSe unda warmoeCina Tavisi upirateso-

ba. brandts aravisi ar Surda, mxolod sxvisi akademiu-

ri ganaTleba SeiZleboda SeSureboda. veners ki brand-

tis Surda, brandts SeeZlo siciliT daemtkicebina, rom

politika mxolod seriozuli da sastiki saqme ar aris.

brandtisTvis veneri usiamovno adamiani iyo, magram ara

saSiSi. veners brandti sust pirovnebad miaCnda.

am ori lideris pirovnuli da biografiuli sxva-

dasxvaobani imdenad didi gaxldaT, rom ar SeiZleboda

Seqspiriseuli dramatizmiT ar dajaxebodnen erTmaneTs.

demokratiaSi sawamlaviTa da xanjliT ar klaven. magram

arseboben gamarjvebulebi da damarcxebulebi. gamarjveba

jer veneris mxares iyo, radgan brandts ver warmoedgina

misi usazRvro usindisoba. sabolood veneri ganadgurda,

roca tvinma, misma yvelaze Zlierma iaraRma umtyuna da

aRar emorCileboda.

1973 wlis oqtomberSi vili endo veneris aragul-

wrfel bodiSs moskovSi gamosvlis gamo da gaiziara misi

Txovna, kidev erTxel vcadoTo. eqvsi kvirac ar iyo ga-

suli, rom venerma piroba daarRvia da dawera dokumen-

ti, romelSic germaniis politikis Sesaxeb honekerisadmi

mimarTul rCevebs ayalibebda. dokumenti iyo misi pira-

di xelSekruleba gdr-is pirvel kacTan da amiT poli-

tikuri centri kancleris aparatidan vener/honekeris

gadawyvetilebebis doneze inacvlebda. Cems megobars

arasodes Seutyvia is Seuracxyofa, romelic mas am qa-

RaldiT miayenes. mas arc is gaugia, rom veneri honekers

bardeboda, radgan Tavis daweril dokuments `politikur

anderZs~ uwodebda, radgan `beds kacisa, romelic poli-

tikis wina flangze moRvaweobs, sxvebi gansazRvraven~,

Tuki am dokuments Sesabamisad gamoiyeneben.

156

`mosazrebebSi~, rogorc uwodebda Tavis Canawerebs,

brandti saerTod aRar figurirebda. xolo mokle ver-

sia, romelic venerma 1974 wels moumzada helmut Smidts,

aRar Seicavda saxelwodebas `politikuri anderZi~. mT-

lianobaSi es iyo TiTqmis aRtacebaSi momyvani Sedevri

intrigisa, romliTac veneri axal federalur kanclers

Tavs warudgenda iseT kacad, romelic yvelafers mar-

Tavs. Tumca, Smidti imasac mixvda am dokumentidan, rom

veneri brandtis zurgs ukan moqmedebda da honekerTan

kontaqtebis Sesaxeb informacias ar awvdida. amgvarad,

veneri Smidts Cabarda da axal kanclerTan mWidro kav-

Siri daamyara. mTeli es ambavi maSin gacxadda, roca gre-

ta venerma – misma germa da Semdeg ki colma, oci wlis

Tavze es dokumentebi gamoaqveyna. Cven araferi vicodiT,

magram brandts da me xSirad gvilaparakia, rodis da ro-

gor daiwyo es yvelaferi, rac mere RalatSi gadaizarda.

CvenTvis `biZa~ aRar arsebobda.

jer kidev bonSi, Jurnalistobis dros, gavicani axlos

veneri. maSin gadmomca Tavisi `aRsarebis~ asli moskovSi

gadasaxlebaSi yofnis periodze; kurt SumaxerisTvisac

hqonda micemuli. komunistebis mSTanTqavad cnobilma

social-demokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomarem komunitu-

ri partiis da kominternis funqcioneri maSin gaaTavisu-

fla eWvisgan, farulad isev Zvel rwmenas atarebso. or-

mocdaaTi wlis Semdegac ver amixsnia, ras eloda veneri,

roca Tavisi aRsareba gadmomca. SesaZloa, fiqrobda, rom

amerikelebis samsaxurSi videqi da mis nawers maT gadav-

cemdi, rom Cems ufrosebs masze eWvi gahfantodaT. marT-

la ase Tu fiqrobda, adamianebi ver scnobia.

brandti da me ar gamovricxavdiT, rom sikvdilis muqa-

ris qveS myof veners Tavad gaewira adamianebi moskovSi.

157

erT rameSi vTanxmdebodiT: mxolod imas aqvs ufleba,

gaakritikos venerisnairi adamiani, vinc mzadaa, Tavad

gaiaros mowamebrivi gza aseT situaciaSi. garda amisa,

vendobodiT Sumaxeris Sefasebas, rom veneris gardaqmna

social-demokratad damajerebeli iyo.

berlinSi brandtma jer kidev 1960 wels miambo veneris

mimarT Sinagani gaucxoebis Sesaxeb. mas social-demokra-

tiuli partiis uiRblo Tavmjdomareze erih olenhauerze

uTqvams: `eg unda wavides~. Tuki veners brandtisTvis kbi-

lis mosinjva undoda, maSin daaskvnida, sustiao. erTxel

rodesac SevniSne, veneri angariSiania da `ase uswavlia~-

meTqi, davituqse, zedmeti mogdiso.

1960 wlis 30 ivniss bundestagSi gamosvlisas venerma

social-demokratiuli partia adenaueris mier dadebuli

xelSekrulebebis poziciaze daayena. brandti aRSfoTda,

`Cveni partiis gadawyvetilebebs ar Seesabamebao~. erTi

wlis winaT gamoqveynebuli `germaniis gegma~ makulatu-

rad gviqcia. `uaresi: arc SeuTanxmebia CemTan~. social-de-

mokratiuli partiis prezidiums marTlac ar umsjelia am

Sorsmimaval nabijze. `yvelaze cudi ki is aris, rom igi

marTalia~. am epoqaluri gamosvliT venerma Seqmna didi

koaliciis winapirobebi. misma gamosvlam daamtkica, rom

social-demokratiul partias mxolod federaluri miwis

doneze rodi SeuZlia marTva. magram veners arasodes Ca-

mouyalibebia sakuTari koncefciebi, arc germaniis gaer-

Tianebis da arc sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Sesaxeb.

veneri xelmZRvanelobda, brandti ki mihyveboda. es

aRar unda ganmeorebuliyo. mogvianebiT, roca brandt-

ma kanclerobaze ganacxada pretenzia, veneri daemorCi-

la. axal koalicias brandti venerisgan gaTavisuflebad

aRiqvamda. veneri albaT mixvda, saxeli da gavlena rom

158

dakarga. ara mgonia, rom es damarcxeba vilis rodesme

dauviwya. garkveulwilad leTargias hgavs, rom brandtma

uyuradRebod datova, roca meore kabinetis Camoyalibe-

bis miTiTebebi veners portfelSi `daaviwyda~ da helmut

SmidtisTvisac ar gadaucia, es miTiTebebi SmidtisTvis

iyo gankuTvnili.

brandti da me erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, sabaziso prin-

cipebis xelSekrulebis damTavrebamde ar SeiZleboda ve-

ners operatiuli kontaqti hqonoda honekerTan. maSin es

ukanaskneli me aRar CamTvlida uflebamosilad. pream-

bulaSi honekerisTvis ase mZimed gadasatani `eris~ gare-

Sec daideboda es xelSekruleba. igive iTqmis qveynidan

gasvlis nebarTvazec. veneris honekerTan pirvel Sexve-

dramde operatiuli gavlena ar igrZnoboda. mxolod amis

Semdeg daiwyo meore mxaresTan muSaoba, oRond, ufro

sakuTari TavisTvis. misi koncefciis mTavari idea iyo,

honekerTan erTad, mieRwia germaniis gayofis daubrko-

leb lad SenarCunebisTvis. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas:

veneris pirveli Sexvedra honekerTan, 1973 wlis 30 maiss,

iyo dasawyisi imisa, rac maT Soris brandtis gadadgo-

mamde gaTamaSda am ukanasknelis zurgs ukan.

dRemde sakvirvelia, rogor ar gaviTvaliswineT mos-

kovidan ganmeorebiT miRebuli cnobebi, ve ne ri brandtis

Sesaxeb udierad laparakobso. am yvelafers, komunistu-

rad moazrovneebi, albaT bonis saTaveSi mosvlisTvis

brZolad afasebdnen. `axla verafers gavawyobT~, ambob-

da brandti. hans-iurgen viSnevskim miambo, berlinSi, ve-

neris binaSi SemTxveviT movismine honekers telefonze

rasac eubnebodao da amis gamo sul wuxda: `mas Semdeg,

rogorc biZam ilaparaka, ukve aRar vici, aris Tu ara igi

erTgulio~.

159

*

Semodgoma mtanjveli da uRimRamo gamodga. axladSe-

qmilma garemos federalurma samsaxurma gaiTvaliswi-

na mTeli rigi qalaqebisa, magram berlini ar gaxsenebia.

oTxi gamarjvebuli Zalis SeTanxmebis `ganuxreli dacvi-

sa da srulad gamoyenebis~ gaTvaliswinebiT, umjobesad

mimaCnda, rom es samsaxuri berlinSi ganTavsebuliyo. wi-

naswar, rasakvirvelia, moskovisa da aRmosavleT berli-

nis Tanxmoba dagvWirdeboda. ar megona, genSeri kabine-

tis Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas maSinve Tu gaasajaroebda.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, aRmosavleT berlinma saSine-

li aRSfoTebiT gvipasuxa. moskovma ufro Seikava Tavi.

breJnevma SemogviTvala: `adre mogividaT gasrolao~.

amas droSi daemTxva sajaro samsaxuris profkavSirebis

moTxovna xelfasebis orniSna cifriT momatebis Sesaxeb,

romelic angariSgauwevlad daayenes da brandtma Caila-

paraka: `moskovi, aRmosavleT berlinic ki SeiZleba ufro

gamogadges, vidre Seni sakuTari xalxi~. magram ugulod

ibrZoda. federaluri samsaxuri mainc gadavitaneT ber-

linSi. magram xalisi ukve dagvkargvoda.

guli gagvinaTa kancleris gadawyvetilebam, Segve-

farebina solJenicini, miuxedavad moskovis muqarisa, rom

moqalaqeobas CamoarTmevda. gemo CavataneT, rusebiviT

formalobebisa da kontrolis gareSe rom gamoviyvaneT

aeroportidan da pirdapir hainrix biolTan mivabrZaneT.

saelCom uzrunvelyo misi nawerebis transportireba,

radgan maT gareSe ver imuSavebda.

navTobis fasis pirveli afeTqeba moulodnelad dag-

vatyda Tavs. kabinetSi vilim daufiqreblad hkiTxa eko-

nomikis ministrs, hans fridrixs, rogor regulirdeba na-

160

vTobis fasio. manac naCqarevad upasuxa, ar vici, magram

Semdegi sxdomisTvis gavigebo. mere ki aRiara, es navTobis

didi mwarmoeblebis saqmea da absoluturad gaumWvir-

valeo. mec ar davaxane da gamovacxade, problema ar aris,

kisinjers davurekav-meTqi. kisinjerma ramdenime dReSi

macnoba pasuxi, romelic Cveni ekonomikis ministris cno-

bas emTxveoda. amerikis mTavrobac ki ver Wvretda glo-

baluri koncernebis globaluri nedleulis globaluri

marTvis porcess. gamaognebeli iyo, rom germaniis mTa-

vrobam sam kviraSi Secvala kanonebi da manqanebisgan Ta-

visufali oTxi kvira dRe gamoacxada. multinacionaluri

sazogadoebebis Zalaufleba badebda eWvs dapirispirebu-

li Zalis arsebobis Sesaxeb, rac ormoci wlis Semdegac

upasuxod darCa.

`Spigelma~ Cveni mdgomareoba 1973 wlis dekembris

mowinave statiaSi Zalian damTrgunvelad, magram sworad

Seafasa: `monumenti iryeva~. mixaroda, rom es usixarulo

weli iwureboda da brandts vkiTxe, ras ganicdi, samoci

weli rom gisruldeba-meTqi. Tbilad gamiRima da mipa-

suxa: `mniSvnelovans arafers!~.

161

dacema

axali startis aRebis gadawyvetilebiT dabrunda Sefi

1974 wlis 24 aprils egviptidan, sadac saxelmwifos pre-

zidents anver as-sadaTs Sexvda. frenis dros kabinetis

gadaxalisebaze visaubreT. gamxnevda da 1976 wlis momaval

arCevnebamde saxavda gegmebs. kioln-bonis aeroportSi

daSvebamde brandtma Tavi gadaiqnia, `ramdeni xalxi gve-

gebeba, arada aseTi warmatebisTvisac ar migviRweviao~.

Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, genSerma misalmebisas acno-

ba: `am diliT giiomi davapatimreT. ukve aRiara~. es axali

ambavi kancleris aparatis ufrosis, grabertisgan gavige

da maSinve gamaxsenda baraTi, romelic mis winamorbeds

emkes davuwere, roca damekiTxa, georg leberi da her-

bert erenbergi vinme giunter giiomis daniSvnas mTxoven,

miuxedavad imisa, rom gdr-idan ariso. rasakvirvelia, ar

vurCie: `SeiZleba usamarTlod veqceviT am kacs, magram

kancleris aparatisTvis Seuferebelia~, emkes aRaraferi

uTqvams. sabaziso principebis xelSekrulebis molapa-

rakebebis dasrulebamde ramdenime dRiT adre giiomi Cems

kabinetSi gamomecxada. saidumloebebs veRar gascemda.

Cemi baraTi saqmeSi ido, rogorc saqmis keTilsindisier

warmoebas Seefereba. rodesac emkes es ambavi Sevaxsene,

mipasuxa, Seni gafrTxilebis mixedviT giiomi Cvens sam-

162

saxurebs, rogorc jer aravin, yvelanairad Sevamowmebine,

radgan uaryofiTi veraferi ver upoves, mizezi aRar

mqonda, ratom ar unda dameniSnao.

brandti da misi garemocva, etyobodaT, seriozulad

ar aRiqvamdnen am saqmes. momdevno dReebSi, Cveulebisa-

mebr imarTeboda Sexvedrebi. Cven am ambavs sensaciad

ufro aRviqvamdiT, SesaZloa, skandalad, magram arc sa-

SiSroebad da arc krizisad. dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar

gamoTqmula sityva `gadadgoma~. rodesac iusticiis mi-

nistrma gerhard ianma brandts Ziebis Sedegebi Seatyobina

da uTxra, giiomi ambobs, masTan qalebi mimyavdao, bradt-

ma gaixumra: `netav ra goniaT, ramdeni SemiZliao~. TviT

sakonstitucio komisiis Tavmjdomaris, giunter nolaus,

veneris ndobiT aRWurvili piris da imasaviT drezde-

nelis, Ziebis Sedegebzec, mxolod aRSfoTda da ikiTxa,

kidev ras SeiZleba movelodeT am qveyanaSio. amasobaSi

jaSuSobaSi ki aRar iyo saqme, romlis winaaRmdegac jer

araferi hqondaT, rac sasamarTloSi gamodgeboda, ara-

med mTavrobis meTauris piradi cxovrebis kvlevaze. mas

ki leTargia mosZaleboda da mogvianebiT gakeTebul `Ca-

nawerebSi~ am ambis gamo Tavs imunaTebda.

brandtis kabinetSi SeelTan erTad ganvixileT vi-

Tareba. `batono federaluro kanclero, jaSuSobis am-

bavs cali xeliT avlagmavT~. Tavisufali demokratebi

Tqven gverdiT arian. axla meore xelic gvWirdeboda.

vilis vurCie, yvelaferi imazea damokidebuli, veneris

uRalato mxardaWeraSi darwmunebuli viqnebiT Tu ara

da jer es gavarkvioT-meTqi. sakuTari fraqciis upiro-

bo mxardaWeris gareSe kanclerobas ver SeinarCunebda.

es ki maisis dasawyisSi miunsteraifelSi gadawydeboda,

social-demokratiuli partiis umaRlesi donis Sexve-

163

draze profkavSirebis xelmZRvanelebTan. wina saRamos

gausi da me Sefs kabinetis gadaxalisebaze da aRmosavleT

berlinSi mudmivi warmomadgenlobis gaxsnaze vesaubreT.

mogvianebiT quCaSi gaviseirneT da yovelgvari xelsaWidi

mizezis gareSe vigrZeniT, rom vili danebebas apirebda.

miunsteraifelSi dapirispirebulTa Sexvedras mowmee-

bi ar hyolia. sarwmuno mxardaWeris sityvebi brandts

venerisgan ar mousmenia. arasasurvelma Sedegma im

Ramesve gadadgoma gadaawyvetina. federaluri preziden-

tis saxelze gadadgomis werili Sin dawera da waukiTxa

ruTs, romelmac mouwona: `sworia. vinmem unda aiRos pa-

suxismgebloba~. pirveli, rac 6 maiss miTxra Tavis kabi-

netSi: `yvelaferi damTavrda!~.

venerTan saubris bolos vilim dasZina, jer Tqven midiT

fraqciaSio. gzaSi vfiqrobdi, veneri rom ara, Cemi megoba-

ri isev im adgilas iqneboda-meTqi. moulodnelad mklavze

veneri Semexo: `axla mWidrod unda viTanamSromloT, ka-

rgad dafiqrdi, Cveni saerTo saqmis gamo~. momeCvena, rom

uZiro ufskrulSi viyurebodi. `nuTu Tavisi usindisobis

Tanamzraxvelad unda rom gamxados?~ rodesac vili fraq-

ciis darbazSi Semovida, veneri, rogorc aseT dros ician

xolme, yvavilebis TaiguliT miesalma da daiyvira: `Cven

yvelas gviyvars is!~. cremli veRar Sevikave am naZirlo-

bis da farisevlobis Semyurem. mxolod oci wlis Semdeg

gavige, rogor mivrcelebda tyuilebsa da ciliswamebas

veneri honekerTan. es, albaT, maSinac mSvenivrad axsovda,

roca `Cvens saerTo saqmeSi~ mWidro TanamSromloba Semom-

Tavaza.

gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg aRmoCnda zogierTi,

romelTac viTom Tu marTla undodaT vilisTvis azri

SeecvlevinebinaT. vicodi, rom epoqa mTavrdeboda. megob-

164

risadmi siyvarulma gadawona saxelmwifos winaSe mova-

leoba. vurCie, gadadgomis gadawyvetilebas nu Secvli-

meTqi. axla mis xelSi iyo yvelaferi. sxva SemTxvevaSi ar

moasvenebdnen, kuTxeSi miimwyvdevdnen, gaanadgurebdnen.

ar miecemoda amosunTqvis saSualeba. imisgan gaTavisu-

fleba, rasac ori wlis Semdeg, `TviTkastrireba~ uwoda,

upirispirdeboda fiqrs, rom venerma ajoba. gadadgomi-

dan ramdenime dRis Semdeg moiwadina Seetyo, sinamdvile-

Si ra roli iTamaSa venerma. es Cans mis `CanawerebSi g.-s

saqmis Sesaxeb~.

jer kidev maisis bolos daiwyo vilim Canawerebis

mowesrigeba, romelic Semdeg ganavrco. am Canawerebis

ormoc gverdze meti adasturebs, rogor daJinebiT cdi-

lobda gaerkvia, ram gamoiwvia kanclerobis iZulebiTi

dasasruli. giiomis dapatimrebas igi uyurebda rogorc

uwindeli Secdomebis gamoaSkaravebis mizezs. TviTkri-

tikulad aRiarebda, rom gamoepara da araferi iRona

genSeris groteskul Tavxedobaze, romelmac giiomis

dapatimrebamde TiTqmis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi federa-

luri kancleri satyuarad gamoiyena. verafriT ieWvebda

safuZvlianad im kacze, romlis gvari `g~-Ti iwyeboda,

Tanac, roca masze Tveebis ganmavlobaSi araferi siaxle

ar mouxsenebiaT. usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis gaugonar

Secdomas, aRar eTvalTvalaT eWvmitanilisTvis, daemata

TviT giiomis aRiareba, dapatimrebisas rom gamoacxada,

gdr-is erovnuli armiis oficeri varo. mtkicebulebebi

mis winaaRmdeg saqmis aRZvras ar eyofoda.

brandtis `Canawerebi~ umTavresad utrialebs eWvs,

icoda Tu ara venerma honekerTan amaRlebis dResaswaul-

ze Sexvedrisas giiomis Sesaxeb, rac savaraudod veRar

damtkicdeboda. sruliad warmoudgenelia, rom veners

165

da honekers, 24 aprils giiomis statusis gamoaSkaravebis

Semdeg da brandtis gadadgomamde, mTeli ori kviris gan-

mavlobaSi, gaxSirebuli saubrebisas ar exsenebinoT jaSuSi.

upasuxod rCeba kiTxvac, rodidan icodnen da ar gaumxiles

brandts genSerma, nolaum da venerma saxeli `giiomi~.

vilis gadadgomis meore dRes breJnevma slavas

daarekina CemTan. generalur mdivans lamis pirad Seu-

racxyofad miuCnevia, rom honekerma kremlsa da bons

Soris urTierTobebis gaumjobesebis Semdeg jaSuSi ar

moiSora. amas ar apatiebso. breJnevma sakuTari binidan,

Ria satelefono xazze agina honekerso. brandtis gadad-

goma misTvisac mZime dartymaao. es evropul politikas

gaarTulebso. magram ver warmomidgenia, rom dagrovili

ndobis kapitali daudevrad movisroloTo. vilim la-

koniurad upasuxa, am umZimesi mdgomareobis yovel wams

mjeroda `Tqveni keTilganwyobiso~ da awic vimegobroTo.

erTi kviris Semdeg breJnevma daudastura, `axalma si-

tuaciam ar unda Secvalos Cven ors Soris arsebuli ke-

Tili urTierTobebi~. mas Semdeg, rac orma qveyanam bevri

saerTaSoriso problemis gadaWris saerTo gza gamonaxa,

imedi maqvs, axali federaluri mTavroba imave Rirebule-

bebis erTguli darCebao. brandtma droebiT Sewyvita mas-

Tan miwer-mowera da daarwmuna, far-xmals ar davyri da

Tavs ar daviSureb, rom Cemma memkvidrem uklebliv miiRos

yvela saukeTeso gamocdilebao. gadadgoma `samwuxarod,

aucilebeli iyo~. es aris brandtis pirveli werilobiTi

TviTSefaseba marcxis Semdeg. magram 1974 wlis maissa da

seqtembers Soris gakeTebuli misi `Canawerebi g.-saqmeze~

sapirispirosac cxadyofs: rom gadadgoma aucilebeli ar

iyo da obieqturad, misi Tavidan acileba SeiZleboda.

brandts mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi miaCnda, rom

istoria ar icnobda iZulebiT gamowveul Sedegs, da rom

166

yvelaferi adamianebis qmedebaze iyo damokidebuli. is,

rom namdvilad arsebul SeTavazebebs Soris yvelaferze

pasuxismgebeli kancleris roli airCia, icoda, rom mxo-

lod gadadgomamde miiyvanda. realurad es araswori iyo,

qveynis interesebisTvis aranairad aucilebeli da evro-

pis istoriisTvis usargeblo.

vamCnevdi, rogor xangrZlivad awvalebda es problema

am TviTkritikul adamians, roca wlebis Semdeg, markus

volfis, gdr-is jaSuSuri qselis Sefis werili miviRe.

igi aRwerda, rom mas arasdros hqonia ufleba honekeris-

Tvis giiomis problemis Sesaxeb moexsenebina. es milkes

privilegia iyo. giiomi misTvis, volfisTvis, warmoadgen-

da yvelaze did marcxs, romlis gamoc Zalian wuxda. me

momando, meTqva brandtTan mis aRsarebaze. vilis reaqcia

aseTi iyo: `axla es aRaraferSi gamomadgeba~.

kidev ufro mogvianebiT – ukve hamburgis mSvidobis

kvlevis institutis samecniero direqtorad rom vmu-

Saobdi – falinma mkiTxa, romelic 1992 wels, Cemi mowve-

viT, ori semestris ganmavlobaSi muSaobda institutSi

da augStainis binaSi cxovrobda, markus volfTan Sexve-

dra xom ar gindao. mindoda; Tundac imitom, rom gamego,

honekerma icoda Tu ara giiomis Sesaxeb. `es mec mainte-

resebs~, iyo brandtis reaqcia. falinma miTxra, stalini-

dan gorbaCovamde (!) yvela generaluri mdivani piradad

zrunavda maRali kategoriis jaSuSebis bedzeo. radga-

nac milkes aparati kgb-s Seqmnili da Svilobili iyo,

davaskveni, rom honekerma moityua, roca mere ganacxada,

giiomis Sesaxeb araferi vicodio.

vilim Tavisi `Canawerebi~ moulodnelad aseTi Se-

niSvniT daasrula: `Sexvedra SorfhaideSi 1973 wlis mai-

sis bolos: veneri, honekeri, miSniki~. swor gzaze idga.

167

rac volfma miambo, brandts aRar gaugia. giiomi,

norvegiidan ukan rom brundeboda, sadac vilis gahyva

SvebulebaSi piradi referentis rangSi da sadac moi-

pova wvdoma saidumlo dokumentebze, jgufs daSorda da

dokumentebis aslebiT savse Cemodani kuriers gadasca.

kurieri mixvda, rom uTvalTvalebdnen da Cemodani mdi-

nare rainSi Caagdo. masSi arsebuli saidumloebebi aRmo-

savleT berlinma da danarCenma msofliom mxolod diu-

seldorfis miwis sasamarTlo procesze gaigo, romlis

drosac braldebuli giiomi dumda. anekdotia: sasamarT-

lom uneburad gasca saidumloeba.

*

vilis 1978 wels sisxlis mimoqcevis kolafsi daemar-

Ta da saavadmyofoSi moaTavses. rogorc ruTi miyveboda,

eqimi analizebze dayrdnobiT varaudobda, rom noembris

dasawyisSi, amerikaSi mogzaurobisas, SesaZlebelia, in-

farqti gadaetana fexze. saavadmyofo Zalian TavSekave-

bulad da taqtianad agvarebda lojistikur problemebs,

romelic vilisa da brigite zeebaxis mWidro megobrobas

axlda Tan. mogvianebiT brigitesTan erTad gaemgzavra

safrangeTis samxreTSi dasasveneblad. iq Sevxvdi, Se-

ferTxils da garujuls. seirnobisas momca werili ru-

TisTvis da mTxova, gadaecio. ganqorwineba ar surda da

ruTs sTxovda, uari ar eTqva. ruTma werili waikiTxa da

mkiTxa, Tu ici, ra momwerao da rogorc ki vupasuxe, vi-

ci-meTqi, maSinve mtkiced da gadaWriT Tqva: `ara, me mas

gaveyrebi~.

168

Smidti da brandti

1974 wlis Sobaze vilim momwera: `saSinlad rTuli we-

liwadi gvqonda, Sen erT-erTi umciresTagani xar, vinc

daaxloebiT ici, CemTvis ras niSnavda es weli – srulad

mgoni jer TviTonac rom ver aRmiqvams~.

axali kancleri brandtis, veneris da Smidtis sameul-

Si yvelaze umcrosi gaxldaT. vercerTi ver itanda da-

saxelebas `troika~ da ara mxolod imitom, rom samkuTxe-

dis urTierTobebi yovelTvis rTulia. TiTeuli maTgani

Zlieri, ganumeorebeli pirovneba iyo. maT erTmaneTTan

partiisadmi erTguleba aerTianebdaT. am sami adamia-

nis gareSe qveyanaSi da qveynisaTvis Zalaufleba verc

gaizrdeboda da verc SenarCundeboda.

samive maTgani sufTa sindisiT ixedeboda ukan, sakuTa-

ri warsulisken, Tumca venersa da brandts samarcxvino,

Sida politikiT motivirebuli Tavdasxmebi ar dahkle-

biaT, ris Tavidan acilebasac Smidti cdilobda. ebrae-

li babua rom hyolia, pirvelad misi megobris, Jiskar

d estenisgan gavigeT. igi Tavis mogonebebSi yveboda im

xanmokle kolafsis Sesaxeb, Smidts parizSi rom daemar-

Ta. SeeSinda, vkvdebio da safrangeTis prezidents guli

gadauSala. Smidtis TanxmobiT Jiskaris mier am ambis

gaxmaurebas CvenTan didi rezonansi ar gamouwvevia. kan-

169

clersac ar endomeboda Tavisi biografiis dakavSireba

antisemitizmTan, am usasrulo TemasTan.

1974 wels brandtis gadadgomiT dasrulda struq-

tura, romelic partiis Tavmjdomareobas da mTavro-

bis meTaurobas erT pirovnebaSi aerTianebda. gayofili

funqciebi gansxvavebul pasuxismgeblobas qmnida. wo-

nasworobis SenarCunebis xelovnebis aTviseba brandtsa

da Smidts jer win hqondaT. Tavmjdomare partiis sa-

qmeebs uZRvnida mTel Tavis Zalisxmevas, uZveles partias

nebismier mTavrobaze didxans unda earseba. federaluri

kancleri ki bundestagis momaval arCevnebze zrunavda

– arCevnebSi mTavari kancleria. orive marTali iyo da,

aqedan gamomdinare, daZabulobis dabalanseba yovelTvis

ar gamosdiodaT.

sagareo politikis sferoSi es SedarebiT ioli aR-

moCnda. Smidtma Taviseburi, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ur-

TierToba Camoayaliba moskovTan. breJnevs werilebs Tvi-

Tonve swerda da leosac uSualod esaubreboda. Sedegad,

leo Smidts ufro didxans elaparakeboda xolme, vidre

brandts. Zalian moulodneli aRmoCnda CemTvis, rodesac,

erT-erTi Sexvedrisas, Smidtma uceb ikiTxa, Tanaxmaa Tu

ara moskovi, rom federaciulma respublikam Tavisi sa-

valuto rezervebis nawili niu iorkidan moskovSi gadai-

tanoso. manamde sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelobisTvis

aseTi moumzadebeli kiTxvebi ar dagvisvams. Smidti das-

turs moeloda, magram Semdeg Sexvedraze upasuxes, jer

adreao. marto rom davrCiT, vkiTxe, aseTi nabijis ga-

dadgma federaluri bankis prezidentis, karl oto pio-

lis ukiTxavad Tu SeiZleboda-meTqi. Smidtma damamSvida,

amaze ar iRelvoo. mxolod ori Sexvedris Semdeg gadmom-

ca leom generaluri mdivnis SekiTxva, Tu dageTanxmebiT,

170

ras unda velodeT, me ar damiZalebia kanclerisTvis am

kiTxvis dasmao. amis Taobaze SemdgomSi arcerT mxares

aRar ulaparakia.

1978 wels bonSi meore vizitisas, breJnevs ukve aSka-

rad etyoboda fizikuri da enobrivi SezRudvebi. igi

daeTanxma Smidtis megobrul mipatiJebas hamburgSi, mis

myud ro saxlSi. saubrisas Smidtma aRniSna, Tqven ara-

sodes momityuebixarTo. keTili ganzraxva hqonda da

moskovisTvis eWvis gafantvas isaxavda miznad, maT ain-

teresebdaT, marTla apirebda Tu ara kancleri aRekveTa

evropaSi axali amerikuli raketebis ganTavseba. magram

sityva `motyuebas~ brandtis dros arasdros ar vixmar-

diT, gafacicebul rusebs es ar gamohparviaT.

brandtisa da breJnevis kargi urTierTobebi `xels

aravis uSlida~. ndobis atmosfero isev sufevda maT So-

ris, vili kmayofili iyo, kancleris `arxs~ isev me rom

warvmarTavdi. Smidti daarwmuna, CemTvis gadmoebarebina

ganviTarebis daxmarebis saministro. `saqmes ar avnebs,

Tu zrdasruli adamiani Caibarebso~. 1976 wels, rodesac

holger boirneri visbadenSi gaamweses, partiis Tavmj-

domare da kancleri SeTanxmdenen: me unda gavmxdariyavi

federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli. uxalisod davemorCile,

Tumca, maT gamocdilebaze metyvelebda, rom Cems erT-

gulebas endobodnen. 1980 wlamde sakanonmdeblo vadis

saarCevno kampaniis momzadeba gadavibare. mere ki, is sa-

ministro airCie, romelic gindao, Sempirda Smidti. ase

aRmovCndi me, ubralo kaci, or winaswarmetyvels Soris.

kancleris aparatSi saxelmwifo ministris Tanamdebobaze

rekomendacia hans-iurgen viSnevskis gavuwie, raTa Tavi-

dan amecilebina partiasa da mTavrobas Soris daZabulo-

ba, Tumca yovelTvis ar xerxdeboda.

171

sagareo politikis sferoSi, yvelgan, sadac saSinao

da sagareo politika ikveTeboda da sxvadasxva intere-

sebi ejaxeboda erTmaneTs, iSviaTi ar iyo gaRizianeba

da konfliqtebi. SemTxveviT ar xdeboda, rom partiis

Tavmjdomaresa da kanclers gansxvavebuli prioritete-

bi hqondaT. amas emateboda sakoalicio partnioris faq-

tori. hans-ditrix genSers surda gamxdariyo pirveli

sagareo saqmeTa ministri, romelsac opoziciac dauWer-

da mxars. mogvianebiT, roca `qdk/qsk gaerTianebasTan iyo

koaliciaSi, maSinac amas cdilobda. Cven ki `ganmuxtvis

realisturi politikis~ aucileblobaze gvesaubreboda,

`gaerTianebis~ partniori rom gaxda, mere `ganmuxtvis

politikis gangrZobiTobas~ usvamda xazs.

1981 wlis aprilSi, rodesac kancleri saudis arabeTi-

dan dabrunda, koaliciis viwro wreSi iTqva, rom Smidti

saudis arabeTisTvis, sxva iaraRTan erTad, leopardis

tipis tankebis miyidvis valdebulebas grZnobda. genSers

arc ki uTqvams da arc – ara. me social-demokratiuli

partiis gadawyvetilebebi Sevaxsene, romelic daZabu-

lobis regionebSi iaraRis miwodebas krZalavda. genSer-

ma aRniSna, es saqme gadavdoT, sanam social-demokrati

megobrebi SigniT garkveulano. bwyinvaled vimoqmedeT:

kanclerisTvis ar gviwyeninebia, ise davasruleT sau-

bari da davasamareT Tema. genSeri SmidtTan mimarTeba-

Si ara mxolod taqtikur upiratesobas avlenda, aramed

did diplomatiur niWsac, rac qveyanas gaerTianebis wina

periodSi Zalian waadga. adreve mixvda, gorbaCovs unda

vendoT da mxari unda davuWiroTo, mere dasavleTSi am

pozicias agdebiT `genSerizmi~ uwodes. genSeris faqtori

mets iwonida, vidre misi partia.

172

usafrTxoebis TemaSic ZalTa msgavsi gadanawileba

warmoiSva. brandti uSurvelad aRiarebda Smidtis upi-

ratesobas strategiul sakiTxebSi. rodesac Smidti 1979

wlis dasawyisSi gvadalupis araformaluri samitidan

dabrunda da viwro wreSi iq ganxiluli natos ormagi ga-

dawyvetileba ganmarta, skeptikurad ganwyobilma partiis

Tavmjdomarem xazi gausva, winapirobad sabWoTa kavSirTan

gulaxdili molaparakebebi ar dagvaviwydes, sanam kanc-

leri germaniis miwaze amerikis saSualo manZilis rakete-

bis ganlagebis Tanxmobas ganacxadebso. es ukve sul sxva

ambavia, rom genSerma 1982 wlis Semodgomaze ise imoqme-

da, TiTqos social-demokratiul partias kanclerisTvis

SeiaraRebis saqmeSi mxardaWera ar gamoecxadebinos, maSin,

roca sinamdvileSi Tavis axlo megobar helmut kolTan

erTad ukve SeTanxmebuli iyo axal koaliciaze. Smidti

genSers yovelTvis uyurebda, rogorc brandtis arcTu

sasiamovno danatovars.

brandts SeeZlo partiis Tavmjdomareobis paralelu-

rad kancleric yofiliyo; Smidtma icoda, rom partiis

Tavmjdomaris rangSi erTobas ver SeinarCunebda. Cemi

TandaswrebiT daadastura, rodesac vili kancleris axal

aparatSi ewvia. brandtis mkacri stilis gamo bevri Cioda,

amitom masac mouwia dafiqreba disciplinis Serbilebaze.

brandti uyvardaT, Smidts pativs scemdnen.

federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoeblis rangSi programa

social-demokratiuli partiis mTavari moTxovniT gan-

vamtkice. TiTeul adamians unda SeeZlos Tavisi una-

rebis Rirseuli ganviTareba. kmayofili viyavi; am dros

wavikiTxe telegrafis cnoba, natom neitronis bombis

SemoReba gadawyvitao. es bombi adamianebs daxocavda, ma-

gram xidebsa da Senobebs ar daazianebda. es adamianur

173

Rirsebas ewinaaRmdegeboda. Jurnal `forvertsisTvis~

davwere da aRSfoTeba gamovxate statiaSi – `azrovnebis

garyvnileba~, romelic brandts vaCvene. miTxra, xvalamde

moicadeo. rodesc statia gamoqveynda, federalurma pre-

zidentma Seelma damireka da mirCia, azrs nu Seicvli,

miuxedavad imisa, rom verafers miaRwevo. kanclerisTvis

amas usiamovneba unda moetana. magram Semdeg prezidentma

karterma dagegmil neitronul iaraRze xeli aiRo, ramac

mis mimarT Smidtis kritikuli ganwyoba damatebiTi argu-

mentebiT gaamyara. Cemi statiis gamo kanclers sayveduri

arasodes gamouTqvams.

kabinetis wevri rom gavxdi, Smidtsa da brandts Soris

gansxvavebebi aRmovaCine xelmZRvanelobis stilSi. Smidti

calkeuli Temebis mimarT Tavis pozicias gamoxatavda da

maincdamainc kmayofili ar iyo, roca genSeris elegantu-

robis wyalobiT Secvla uwevda – aseTi iyo misi marTvis

stili. kabinetis social-demokrati wevrebi Tavs grZnob-

dnen saxelmwifo mdivnis rolSi, maT kolegebs Tavisufa-

li demokratebis partiidan ki srulfasovani ministre-

biviT eqceodnen. sxdomebi nel-nela Semoklda. Smidtic,

brandtiviT, boloSi ikiTxavda xolme, kargi anekdoti vin

iciTo. brandti kolegebs alaparakebda da bolos avlen-

da Tavis gansacvifrebel unars, Camoeyalibebina daskvna,

romelsac mere yvela eTanxmeboda, rogorc gadawyve-

tilebas. es iyo misi xelovneba – integracia Zaldautane-

beli marTvis gziT.

partiis gamgeobis sxdomebze Smidti sqeli saqaRaldee-

biT cxaddeboda, dokumentebs amuSavebda da `mosawyen

laqlaqSi~ ar ereoda. rodesac 1983 wels, arCevnebSi da-

marcxebis Semdeg, brandtma partiis axali programis mom-

zadebis idea gaitana, Smidtma es zedmetad miiCnia. `gaer-

174

Tianebisa~ da Tavisufali demokratebisgan gansxvavebiT,

romelTac programa saerTod ar sWirdebodaT, diskusiis

procesi social-demokratiul partias integraciisa da

sakuTar TavSi dasarwmuneblad aucileblad esaWiroebo-

da. Sedegi gacxadda 1989 wels, berlinis kedlis dangre-

vis Semdeg, qveynis sruliad Secvlil viTarebaSi.

1979 wlis bolos slavam damireka, kanclerisTvis

mniSvnelovani da saswrafo ambavi maqvso; Smidts bra-

mis tbaze, agarakze mivageni. Sobis wina dReebi iyo da

mwyra lad Semxvda. leos flensburgSi davxvdi da Smidt-

Tan miviyvane. iq gviambo: `avRaneTSi SevediT. erTi er-

Teuli daeSva aerodromze da sasaxleze miitana ieriSi.

ukve yvelaferi momTavrebulia. xelisufali amini mkvda-

ria. memkvidre ukve daniSnulia. amerikelebma albaT ukve

didi xania ician~. Smidtma upasuxa, karga xani dasWirde-

ba, sanam viTareba Cacxreba da gamoCndeba, ra mdgomareo-

baSia msoflioo. breJnevs Cveni arxiT madloba SeuTva-

la drouli SetyobinebisTvis. rodesac marto davrCiT,

aSkarad daZabulma miTxra: `Cveni megobrebisgan araferi

Semityvia. vnaxoT, erTi, rodis gamoCndebian~. ramdenime

kviris Semdeg, saxelmwifo departamentSi stumrobisas,

TavianTi ucnauri qceva amerikelebs sulac ar auxsniaT.

amaze vilis komentari: `mikvirs, rom gikvirs~.

wesiT, saarCevno kampania partiis centraluri ofi-

sidan unda imarTebodes, magram mniSvnelovani gadawyve-

tilebebis miReba kancleris aparatSi gardauvali iyo.

1980 wels arCevani Smidtsa da Strauss Soris maincda-

mainc Zneli ar unda yofiliyo. Cveni strategiis pirveli

sayrdeni iyo helmut Smidti. meore sayrdenad SegveZlo

gveRiarebina codna, Tu rogor xorcieldeba ganmuxt-

vis politika. magram Semdeg, poloneTSi daZabuli md-

175

gomareobis gamo, kanclerma honekerTan SeTanxmebuli

Sexvedra gaauqma. radioTi Sevityve amis Sesaxeb. Straus-

ma yiJina dasca da ganmuxtvis eiforiis marcxi gvamcno.

pirveli sayrdeni 0,3 procentiT mets Tu mogvitanda wina

arCevnebTan SedarebiT.

arCevnebis dRemde ori kviriT adre vilis samgver-

diani xelnaweri miviRe, igi Tavs gariyulad grZnobda:

`Tavmjdomarisa da Seni monawileobiT dagegmili pres-

konferencia rom kanclerisa da Seni gamosvliT Seicva-

la, saarCevno kampaniis Stabis Canaweridan gavige~. kaci,

romelsac arCevnebi erTxel ukve moego, Tavs daviwyebu-

lad grZnobda, plakatebsa da satelevizio reklmebSic.

`5 oqtombris Semdeg partiam unda gadawyvitos, moxeles

an referents meti ufleba aqvs Tu Tavmjdomares. Tu

saWiro gaxda, partia gaarkvevs ... Zvirfaso egon, rom ar

meTqva, ar SemeZlo, Seni v.~. Cemma megobarma mTeli uk-

mayofileba Cemze gadmoanTxia. aba ra unda eqna? es we-

rili aRarasdros uxsenebia. aseTi iyo vili: emociuri,

koreqtuli boRmas gulSi rom ar Caixvevda.

1981 wels helmuts msubuqi kolafsi daemarTa. Sewyve-

tili saubris gagrZeleba movindome. didi da damfrTxa-

li TvalebiT miyurebda. ramdenime wuTi ugonod viyavi,

mokle mexsierebis aRsadgenad sabuTebs vkiTxulob da

Tavidan vswavlobo. maSinve vilis Sevatyobine da davZine:

`Tuki pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse helmuti amas ver daZ-

levs, gadadgeba~. vilim mipasuxa: `vnaxoT, uqmeebis mere

gamoCndeba~.

Cemma megobarma giunter ferhoigenma, amJamad da-

sustebuli Tavisufal-demokratiuli partiis genera-

lurma mdivanma, Sewuxebulma miTxra, Cveni partiebis

Tavmjdomareebma TavianTi garTulebuli urTierToba

176

aucileblad unda moagvarono. `Tu ver moaxerxeben, koa-

licia daiSleba~. davamSvide, axali wlis dReebi uSfoT-

velad gadaivlis da mere vilaparakoT-meTqi. Tumca amaze

laparaki saWiro aRar aRmoCnda. 1982 wlis seqtemberSi

koalicia daiSala.

wlebis mere gairkva, rom brandti Tavis mogonebebze

muSaobda. Smidtisgan miiRo werili, romelic wamakiTxa.

`unda, rom CemTan kinklaoba moamTavroso~, ixumra. marT-

lac undoda. vilis sikvdilis Semdeg fridrix ebertis

fondi didxans exveweboda ukve oTxmocdaaTs miRweul

Smidts brandtTan mis urTierTobaze elaparaka. igi pa-

suxobda, saamiso Zala aRar Semwevso, magram mzad var

am Temaze gamocdilebis mqone romelime pirovnebas ve-

saubroo da Cemi gvari dausaxelebia. liubekSi Catarebu-

li RonisZieba istoriulze metad saxaliso gakveTilad

iqca, arc natos ormag gadawyvetilebaze dagvixuWavs

Tvali. `We agree to desagree~ – SeiZleba iTqvas daskvnis

saxiT. Cven isev SegveZlo Tvali gagvesworebina erTmane-

TisTvis.

rodesac vilim sabolood migvatova, helmut koli-

sadmi Cemi pativicemis miuxedavad, helmut Smidti gax-

da germaniaSi `didad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo moRvawe~,

romelsac ara marto pativs scemdenen, aramed Seiyvares

kidec.

177

meoTxe nawili – rwmena

axali dasawyisi

ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis federalur ministrad

rom warmadgina, axalma kanclerma didsulovnad mirCia:

`rac ginda, is akeTe, oRond ar gamabrazo~. ganviTare-

bis ministrs, rogorc mas SemoklebiT uwodebdnen, Ta-

namdebobiT ekuTvnis msoflio bankis mmarTveli sabWos

wevroba. msoflio bankis Sefi robert maknamara bolos

samocian wlebSi vnaxe, vilisTan erTad, pentagonSi. ma-

Sindelma Tavdacvis ministrma optimisturad dagvixata

vietnamSi amerikelebis strategia. axla pozicia Seecva-

la da damajereblad zrunavda yvela Rarib ganviTarebad

qveyanaSi mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebis gaumjobesebaze.

msoflio bankis yrilobis farglebSi Sevxvdi robert mak-

namaras. jer himalaiSi dauviwyari mogzaurobis Sesaxeb

miambo, mere ki Tavisi idea gamacno: gaeros damoukidebe-

li komisiis Seqmnas vgegmav, romelmac siRaribis daZle-

vis koncefcia unda SeimuSavos, sul cota, msoflios am

dauZleveli problemis gadaWris saorientacio gzaze. am

komisiis saukeTeso Tavmjdomared vili brandti mesaxe-

bao. neta Tu daTanxmdebao?

bonSi rom davbrundi da vilis vacnobe, didad ar

gaxarebia, radgan saqmeSi sakmarisad garkveuli ar iyo.

vuTxari, mTeli Cemi saministros kompetencia SegiZlia

gamoiyeno-meTqi da ase gavuqarwyle eWvebi. misi Tanxmoba

erTmaneTis Semavsebel or mosazrebas eyrdoboda. erTi

178

mxriv, sulac ar iyo mimzidveli, mxolod social-de-

mokratiuli partiis Tavmjdomaris rangSi ukana xazidan

gaeZlierebina kancleri da meore mxriv, momxibvlelad

esaxeboda, emogzaura mesame samyaros qveynebSi da axal

problemebsa da adamianebs gascnoboda.

CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiam brandti mesame samya-

ros mxurvale advokatad aqcia. wevrebs unda moegvare-

binaT CrdiloeTsa da samxreTSi maTi warmomadgenlebis

interesebs Soris dapirispireba. dasavleTs, sxvaTa gver-

diT, britaneTis yofili premieri edvard heTi da Sve-

di olof palme warmoadgendnen. komisiaSi amerikelebic

monawileobdnen, sabWoTa kavSiri ki gaemijna. brandtma

breJnevTan Tavisi kontaqtebis wyalobiT miaRwia, rom

moskovis msoflio ekonomikis da saerTaSoriso urTier-

Tobebis cnobil instituts komisiis eqspertebi mainc mi-

eRo. sabWoTa mecnierebi saerTaSoriso diskusiebSi mo na-

wileobas iRebdnen da xSirad gamoxatavdnen wuxils, rom

maTi mTavroba Tanamedrove miRwevebis ukan miCanCalebda.

mxolod 1980 wels usafrTxoebisa da ganiaraRebis Temaze

Seqmnil palmes komisiaSi miavlina moskovma monawileebi.

CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiis sxdomebSi, romelTac

me stumris statusiT veswrebodi, SeiaraRebaze gamoyo-

fili uzarmazari Tanxebis Semxedvare samxreTis warmo-

madgenlebi prioritetad siRaribis winaaRmdeg brZolis

gamocxadebas iTxovdnen. didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda maT

darwmunebas, rom mesame msoflio omis Tavidan acile-

ba ufro didi prioriteti iyo. mxolod maSin SeZlebda

CrdiloeTi mTeli Zala siRaribis dasaZlevad miemarTa.

dResac mrcxvenia, rom civi omis dasasrulis Semdeg arc

mdidar industriul da arc ganviTarebad qveynebs Ta-

vianTi danapirebi ar gaxsenebiaT.

179

brandtis komisiis yvela wevrs, rogorc mas male ewo-

da, aerTianebdaT Tavmjdomaris avtoritetisa da Sors-

mWvretelobis pativiscema. brandtis mier 1980 wels

wardgenil moxsenebaSi, `uzrunvelvyoT gadarCena~ ga-

nixileboda iseTi globaluri problemebi, rogoricaa

SimSili, mosaxleobis zrda, energia, nedleuli, vaWroba,

valuta, investiciebi da organizaciebi – rasakvirvelia,

mSvidobian droSi, agreTve Raribsa da mdidars Soris

solidarobis pirobebSi. aravis moxvedria TvalSi, rom

naklebad mcired moixsenieboda demokratia da saerTod

ar iyo saubari adamianis uflebebze.

federaciul respublikaSi moxseneba memarcxeneobis

gamoxatulebad aRiqves da gaakritikes kidec. usafrTxoe-

baze amerikelebi zrunavdnen da miiCnevdnen, rom mo-

saxleobis umetesobas mzardi keTildReoba ufro ainte-

resebs, vidre RatakTa mimarT solidarobis zrdao. 1985

wels vili brandtma gaeros Stab-binaSi mesame msoflios

premia miiRo. sapremio TanxiT bonSi Seqmna ganviTarebi-

sa da mSvidobis fondi, romlis avtoritetsac dResac

pativs scemen da afaseben. komisiaSi moRvaweobis damTa-

vrebis Semdeg, brandti politikurad da ideurad ufro

marcxniv gadaixara, vidre manamde.

180

usafrTxoeba visTvis?

berlinis kedlis aRmarTviT miRebuli damTrgunavi ganc-

da, rom Senze ZlevamosilTa gavlenis obieqti xar, gai-

Zulebs sakuTar interesebs sustis poziciidan Sexedo.

brandtisaTvis da cxadia, CemTvisac frangi generlis,

Sarl de golis didebuli pirovneba iyo saukeTeso maga-

liTi imisa, Tu ras SeiZleba miaRwios sami kidev ufro

Zlieris gaerTianebam – vaSingtonma, londonma da mos-

kovma. amave dros, misi roli gafrTxilebad unda migve-

Ro: masStaburi aRiarebisTvis, romelsac misi politiku-

ri avtoriteti namdvilad Seesabameboda, safrangeTi

mcire asparezi iyo. sakuTari Zalebis marTebul gamoye-

nebaze iyo damokidebuli, ampartavnoba tragikul marcxa-

mde miiyvanda Tu realizmi – moulodnel warmatebamde

ufro Zliers dasWideboda. es warmoadgenda brandtsa

da Cem Soris mravaljer gamarTuli saubris amosavals,

germaniisaTvis da germaniisgan usafrTxoebis kompleqsis

ganxilvisas.

brandtma 1964 wels Foreign Policy Association-Si sityviT

gamosvlisas pativiscemiT moixsenia de goli da Tanac

ritorikulad ikiTxa: `mainc ratom sul is?~ aRelvebuls

am kiTxvisTvis pasuxi ar gaucia, usiamovnebas moerida.

generals vumadlodiT samSobloebis evropul ideas da

181

aqedan gamomdinareobda, rom federaluri respublikac

SeiZleboda sakuTari moTxovnilebisa da sakuTari inte-

resebis mimdevrad darCeniliyo da amave dros, aliansis

erTgulic. kidev ufro Sors Tu wavalT: eri evropa-

Si rom ar STainTqa da amerikis qveSevrdomebic rom ar

viyaviT.

generlis komentari atomur iaraRze dRemde ZalaSia:

arcerTi qveyana ar uziarebs sxvas am iaraRis Taobaze

gadawyvetilebas, arc Tavis saukeTeso megobars, radgan

am iaraRis gamoyeneba gansazRvravs sakuTari eris beds,

xolo aseTi gadawyvetilebis sxva qveynisTan gaziareba,

gamoricxulia. es elementaruli Sexeduleba elementa-

ruli iaraRis mimarT, rac artileriis ganviTarebaze

ufro metad mniSvnelovania, brandtma politikurad ase

gaSifra: `oTx gamarjvebul Zalas SeuZlia momavalSic

ikamaTos 999 sakiTxze. magram erTSi Tanxmdebian: germa-

nelebi arasdros ar unda flobdnen atomur iaraRs~.

am Sexedulebas iziarebda brandti 1962 wels kenedis-

Tan saubarSic. uazrobaa dagegmili multilateraluri

atomuri Zalis gaSveba zRvaSi, birTvuli monawileobis

STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelado. es alianssac ki azianebs,

radgan kapitani amerikeli unda iyos da atomuri iara-

Ric amerikelebma unda gamoiyenono. aliansis sxva wevre-

bi mzareulebis, cecxlfareSebis da mezRvaurebis rols

unda dasjerdneno. kenedim amoisunTqa. orivem, ase rom

vTqvaT, floti manam CaZira, sanam zRvaSi gavidoda da

sxvebsac da sakuTar Tavsac seriozuli usiamovneba aa-

cila Tavidan.

brandtma berlinis kedlis aRmarTvis magaliTidan ga-

moitana das kvnebi. arc berlinisTvis iomebda ori didi

Zala, rogorc kenedim moswera. sicocxlis bolomde ar

182

dasWirvebia azri Seecvala: orive super-saxelmwifos Ta-

visi interkontinenturi atomuri iaraRiT hqonda Zalau-

fleba da pasuxismgebloba da isini veravin CaiTria ato-

mur konfliqtSi, radgan klasikuri gagebiT `gamarjvebas~

vercerTi moipovebda. riski Zalian didi iqneboda. maT

urTierT Soris aRmarTes atomuri fari, romelmac Ta-

vad isini, maTi mokavSireni da yvela danarCeni daicva.

dRes viciT, rom man germaniis gaerTianebasac ki gauZlo.

es atomuri fari akavSirebda dromoWmul wuxils. amaso-

baSi, samxedro TvalsazrisiT ararelevantur germaniasa

da germaniis usafrTxoebaze safrangeTis atomur suve-

renulobasTan erTad, man maSinac ganapiroba, rom evro-

paSi atomur Zalas ar earseba. evropis TviTdamkvidreba

dResac konvenciuri jaris doniT ifargleba.

brandts principulad sjeroda, rom evropaSi mSvido-

bis SenarCunebis saqme vaSingtonisa da moskovis gareSe

ar gamovidoda. es geostrategiuli rwmena aTwleulobiT

gahyva da ver Searyia veranairma mwvave movlenam, verc

natos ormagi xelSekrulebis gamo dapirispirebam oTx-

mociani wlebis dasawyisSi. brandts arasodes SeSinebia,

rom ori didi Zala movlenebis ganiviTarebaze kontrols

dakargavda. msoflio politikur realobaze orientacia

damajereblobas matebda mis xedvas.

erTi magaliTi: jon makkloim, aSS-s yofilma maRa-

li rangis komisarma federaciul respublikaSi, samo-

ciani wlebis dasawyisSi erTxel viwro wreSi vaxSamze

dagvpatiJa. es is dro iyo, roca de golma ingliss uari

uTxra evropis ekonomikur gaerTianebaSi miRebaze da

aliansis samxedro organizaciidan gasvlas fiqrobda.

makkloi gvarwmunebda, germanelebma unda SeaCeroTo da

183

dagvemuqra: `Tu amas ar izamT, aqedan jars gaviyvanTo~.

brandtma mSvidad miugo: `ar mjera~.

brandtma icoda, rom usafrTxoebis sakiTxSi aRmate-

buli, upiratesi pozicia ekava. `raketebis dasaTvle-

lad, maTi moqmedebis manZilis gansasazRvrad da muqa-

ris TeoriebisTvis arseboben Tavdacvis ministrebi da

eqspertebi~. Smidtsa da mec gvgulisxmobda. `maTze Tu

midga saqme, ese igi, politikam Caisvara. politikam unda

SeZlos, rom maTi wuxili da Teoriebi arasodes gamovca-

doT~. SeiZleba qedmaRluri mogCvenebodaT misi naTqvami,

magram marTali aRmoCnda: omi ar dagvtexia Tavs. raRa

azri aqvs imaze msjelobas, ra daujdaT saxelmwifoebs

samxedro-teqnikuri aRWurva. Cven, evropelebi sworad

moviqeciT, rom politikuri goniereba davayeneT samxed-

ro saqmeze win.

brandts yovelTvis ainteresebda politikur-strate-

giuli sakiTxebi. amis saukeTeso magaliTia breJnevTan

Sexvedra yirimSi 1971 wels. moskovis xelSekrulebis gziT,

politikuri CarCos dagegmvis Semdeg, unda gvepova War-

bi Cveulebrivi iaraRis Semcirebis gza da amgvarad meti

usafrTxoebisTvis migveRwia orive mxaresTvis, Tanac ise,

rom arc erTi ar dazaralebuliyo. saaTobiT vukirkiteb-

diT Sesatyvis frazebs Cveni miznis misaRwevad. Cveule-

brivi SeiaraRebis Semcirebis xelSekrulebas Semdeg ewo-

da MBFr – urTierTSeTanxmebuli Semcireba. samxedro

saqmeze pasuxismgebelTa Caketil wreSive CaixSoboda,

gorbaCobs rom ar gadaerCina. varSavis xelSekrulebas

saxelmwifo ebi maSinac icavdnen, roca igi aRar arsebob-

da. SeTanxmeba yvela monawilis intersebs Seesabameboda.

1981 wlis zafxulSi brandtma moskovuri STabeWdile-

bebis kvaldakval gagviziara mosazreba, rom or mxares

184

Soris nulovani gadawyvetileba gaaqrobs Sesabamis ame-

rikul da sabWoTa raketebs frangulisa da britanulis

xelSeuxeblado. bonSi am ideas `ararealuri~ uwodes da

mxari ar dauWires. rodesac ronald reiganma gorbaCov-

Tan zustad es moilaparaka, germaniam erTxmad dauWira

mxari. brandtis politikur-strategiuli Wvretis unari,

samwuxarod, misi gadadgomis Semdeg, gamouyenebeli dar-

Ca.

*

henri kisinjerma brandtsa da Smidts gamorCeuli pi-

rovnebebi uwoda. maT Soris msgavsebac iseTive saoca-

ria, rogoric gansxvavebao. rodesac 1970 wels brandts

Sevatyobine, rom Smidtma Tavis amerikel kolegasTan,

melvin lerdTan erTad aRkveTa baltiis zRvidan bio-

mis tyemde asobiT amerikuli atomuri naRmis gadatana,

pasuxmac ar daayovna: `erTi sazrunaviT naklebi gveqne-

bao~. da Segvaqo, rom es sanimuSo qmedeba ar gasajarov-

da, ar iyo saWiro, xalxi zedmetad SegveSinebina atomuri

safrTxiT. mogvianebiT daeTanxma Cvens mcdelobas, rome-

lic Smidtma da me erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad wamo-

viwyeT – aRgvekveTa amerikuli raketebis miwaze ganTa-

vseba, amerikuli wyalqveSa navebis da frTiani raketebis

aRWurvis moTxovniT. amerikelebi ambobdnen, teqnikurad

SeuZlebeliao. rodesac es procesi axali saSualo manZi-

lis raketebis miwaze ganlagebisas SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda,

Tavi motyuebulad vigrZeniT.

kisinjeris erT-erTi vizitisas, romelic amasobaSi

sagareo saqmeTa ministri gamxdariyo, strategiuli iara-

185

Ris Semcirebis Sesaxeb JenevaSi mimdinare molaparakebebis

mdgomareobiT davinteresdi. rodesac henrim detalurad

daiwyo moyola, Sevawyvetine: `amdeni wvrilmani ra saWi-

roa. me is mainteresebs, iqneba Tu ara Sedegi da rodis.

absoluturad gvjera, rom dasavleTis interesebis gaTva-

liswinebiT, Secdomas ar dauSvebT~. Smidts rom vuyvebo-

di am saubris Sesaxeb, omaxianad da xmamaRla Semawyveti-

na: `arasworad moqceulxar! detalebi unda gamogekiTxa

henrisTvis. Zalian gvainteresebs, sasicocxlodac ki~.

brandtma Tavi gaiqnia: eWvi mepareba, rom germanias rame

gavlena eqneba sakiTxze, romelsac mxolod amerikelebi

da rusebi wyveteno. igi xedavda Cveni SesaZleblobebis

da Zalauflebis sazRvrebs.

amasTan, igi xedavda da aRiarebda, rom 1980 wels mos-

kovis samxedro xelmZRvanelobasTan Smidtis saubrebis

Sedegad, bons, rogorc partniors strategiul sakiTxeb-

Si, angariSs uwevdnen. magram bolos mainc vaSingtoni da

moskovi gadawyvetdnen yvelafers. Cven maTi gadawyve-

tilebis obieqti viqnebodiT – iqneboda es orive germa-

nul saxelmwifoSi raketebis ganlageba Tu maTi Semdgomi

gadawyvetileba raketebis isev gatanis Taobaze. brandtis

gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis miuxedavad, mas kargad esmo-

da kancleris imedgacrueba, roca igi arc saqmis kurs-

Si Caayenes da arc araferi SeuTanxmes, roca amerikel-

ma da sabWoTa momlaparakeblebma pol nitcem da iuli

kviCinskim Jenevis maxloblad tyeSi cnobili seirnobis

dros miaRwies molaparakebebis Sedegs, romelic Smidtis-

Tvisac sruliad misaRebi aRmoCnda.

brandti Smidtis im midgomasac eTanxmeboda, rom ga-

damwyvet momentSi bundesverisTvis ukanaskneli brZane-

bis gacemis ufleba mas hqonda: ar damorCilebodnen ame-

186

rikelebis mier atomuri iaraRis gamoyenebis brZanebas,

romelTaTvisac gaTvaliswinebuli iyo lancis raketebiT

germanuli danayofebis aRWurva. liubekamde da hambur-

gamde wvdomis unariT yvelafers gaanadgurebdnen, rac

daucavi iqneboda. brandti Smidts eTanxmeboda, rom za-

rali germaneli xalxisTvis unda aecilebinaT, Sesabami-

sad, germaneli xalxis keTildReoba ufro maRla unda

dagveyenebina, vidre natosi.

da mainc, partiis Tavmjdomare aseT situaciaSi aR-

moCnda: erTis mxriv unda gaemagrebina kancleris pozi-

cia, meore mxriv – SeenarCunebina partiis erToba da Tan

ar unda daekarga gavlena samSvidobo moZraobaze. kon-

fliqti daprogramirebuli iyo mas Semdeg, rac Smidti

kanclerobiT Semoifargla da partiis momavali brandts

gadauloca, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, siamovnebiT Tu piriqiT.

raketebma sakuTari dinamika ganaviTares. orive ger-

manuli saxelmwifo maTi mflobelebis mZevlebad iqca.

perSingebs Svidi wuTi sWirdebodaT moskovamde, gdr-Si

ganlagebul sabWoTa raketebs maqsimum ori wuTi, rom

amerikuli raketebi gasrolamde gaenadgurebinaT. arc

adamians da arc teqnikas ar hqondaT Secdomis daSvebis

ufleba. Smidti ver aRudgeboda federaciuli respu-

blikis, rogorc miznis singularizacias. kviCinskim mos-

kovSi damidastura: `ramdenic gindaT, imdeni perSingi

ganalageT. Cven maTi mogeriebisTvis mzad varT~. vinc

pirveli daaWers TiTs Rilaks, upiratesobac mas eqneba.

federalurma kanclerma perSingis raketebis ganlage-

baze Tanxmoba warmatebul molaparakebebs daukavSira da

amiT SeinarCuna wnexi moskovsa da vaSingtonze. Cemi va-

raudi, rom amerikelebs sulac ar undodaT dadebiTi Se-

degis miRweva, mogvianebiT strob talbotma daadastura

187

Tavis wignSi `raketebi saWadrako dafaze~, igi am sakiTx-

Si kargad erkveoda, Tanac klintonis administraciaSi

sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile gaxldaT. maT Cveni

gacureba surdaT. kolis wyalobiT es aRar dasWirdaT,

man germaniis moTxovnebi moxsna. bedma gagviRima.

raketebis sakiTxSi partiis da federaluri mTavrobis

winaSe, agreTve, dasavleli da aRmosavleli partniorebis

winaSe pasuxismgeblobas vgrZnobdi: Cems midgomas rake-

tebis ganlageba SeeZlo Seeferxebina. raketebi sindisis

sakiTxad iqca; maTi Sekaveba ukve SeuZlebeli iyo. me, ro-

gorc federaciis saqmeTa mwarmoebeli ver ganvacxadebdi

Cemi rwmenis sapirispiros. 1981 wlis bolos gadavdeqi da

federalur kanclers Sevatyobine, momavalSi `Cemi mTava-

ri sazrunavi iqneba SeiaraRebis Semcirebis politikuri

mxare, radgan mimaCnia, rom es iqneba momavali wlebis yve-

laze mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, sxvaTa Soris, partiisTvisac~.

brandts Cemi gadarwmuneba arc ucdia. dainteresda, awi

ras apirebo. vupasuxe, ganiaraRebisTvis vibrZoleb-meTqi.

Cailaparaka: `mTeli darCenili sicocxle dasWirdeba mag

saqmes~. marTali aRmoCnda.

188

partniori – amerika

miuxedavad pasuxismgeblobis gansxvavebuli sferoebisa,

brandti da Smidti erT sakiTxSi Tanxmdebodnen: amerikis

gareSe araferi gamovidoda. orivem icoda: 1953 wlis 17

ivnisis sahaero xidi, aRmosavleTis xelSekrulebebi, oTxi

gamarjvebuli Zalis xelSekruleba berlinis Sesaxeb da

sabaziso principebis xelSekruleba, helsinkis 1975 wlis

daskvniTi aqti da 1991 wlis samSvidobo xelSekruleba,

romelsac, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ase ar uwodebdnen

– amerikis mxardaWeris gareSe istoria sxvanairad ganvi-

Tardeboda. Riad darCeboda, rodis da rogor daibruneb-

da germania 1945 wels raixis mier dakargul SeuzRudav

suverenitets, an saerTod daibrunebda Tu ara SeerTebu-

li Statebis Tanadgomis gareSe. natos arsebobis aucile-

blobas civi omis dasrulebis Semdegac, orive aRiarebda.

amerikelebis interesebi rom ar SeizRudeboda, marSalis

gegmisas ukve gamoCnda.

uaRresad mWidro atlantikuri kavSirebis, maTi isto-

riuli da ekonomikuri fesvebis da saerTo Rirebulebe-

bis SefasebaSic eTanxmebodnen erTmaneTs. aliansi Tavis

wevrebs hpirdeboda usafrTxoebis organizacias, marTvas

da koordinacias gareT da stabilurobas SigniT, Tu ger-

189

mania uflebebs gadaaWarbebda, rac im qaosSi, romelsac

evrokavSiri ewodeba, warmoudgeneli iyo da aris.

`nato amerikis sakuTreba ar aris~ – Smidtis es sak-

maod xmamaRali gansazRvreba, romelSic Tanasworufle-

bianobis moTxovna, amerikisgan emansipaciac gamosWvio-

da, brandts arasodes moadgeboda pirze. ara mxolod

imitom, rom xalxTaSorisi samarTlis mixedviT swori,

magram politikurad araswori iyo, aramed imitom, rom

realobas mainc ver Secvlida. am dros, kacma rom Tqvas,

isic imaves fiqrobda; magaliTad, roca ambobda: `evro-

paSi federaciul respublikas naTesavebi hyavs, amerikaSi

– partniorebi. visac evropis TviTgamorkveva surs, va-

Singtons ar unda gadaulocos es saqme. amerikas, evropis

ZiZas, aTwleulebis manZilze, es unda Seecno. es Seesabame-

boda `evropis evropeizaciis~ formulas, romelic Cemma

ufrosma megobarma, peter benderma daamkvidra. magram

ultimatumis eniT laparaki, romelic dapirispirebis

sababs iZleva da realobas mainc ver Secvlis, brandts

ar axasiaTebda. mis sagareo politikur msoflmxedve-

lobas ufro Seesabameboda formula – isic da isic. am

midgomiT Tavs ise myarad grZnobda, rom aqa-iq Tu vinme

dascinebda, arc aRelvebda da arc azrs Seacvlevinebda.

warmodgena, rom brandtis megobruli grZnobebi ame-

rikis mimarT arakritikuli iyo, maamebluri an uproble-

mo, absoluturad arasworia. niu iorkSi jer namyofic

ar viyavi, roca Cemi usazRvro aRtaceba am qalaqis mi-

marT safuZvlianad Seirya. samociani wlebis dasawyisSi

`valdorf-astorias~ mimdebare quCebSi davseirnobdiT,

am sastumroSi vcxovrobdiT, rodesac brandtma amixsna,

ratom ver grZnobda Tavs aq kargad: `es aris ampartavno-

bis da arogantulobis niSani, mTeli es caTambjenebi ada-

190

mianis gazviadebuli warmodgenis gamoxatulebaa. aq rom

rame moxdes!~ brandti yovelTvis adamianuri ganzomile-

bis erTguli iyo.

robert maknamaram sarwmunod agvixsna, ratom moigeb-

da amerika oms vietnamSi. Semdeg brandts gavende, ame-

rikis Tavdacvis ministri valter halStains maxsenebs,

misi gdr-is mimarT erTaderTi warmomadgenlis doqtri-

nis gamo-meTqi: Senoba STabeWdilebas axdens, sanam ar

mixvdebi, rom Seuferebel adgilas dgas. vilim mipasuxa,

am wuTas tipiuri amerikuli ampartavnobis magaliTi mo-

vismineT, materialuri da teqnikuri swrafvis gamo ada-

mianebs arasaTanadod afaseben, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saqme

exeba egreT wodebul `CamorCenilebs~ ganviTarebadi

qveynebidano. erTnairad vfiqrobdiT, rom amerika viet-

namSi oms waagebda. mxolod is ar vicodiT, rodis da ro-

gor. brandtma xazi gaavlo koreasa da kubis winaaRmdeg

`Rorebis yureSi~ warumatebel operacias Soris da or-

mag fsiqologiur tvirTze miuTiTa, romelic warmatebiT

ganebivrebul qveyanas daawveboda: rogor gadaamuSavebda

wagebasa da tvirTs, Tuki demokratiuli super-saxelmwi-

foc SeiZleboda aRmoCeniliyo damnaSave? amis gacnobie-

rebam mas Tavisi qveynis SigniTac Camouyaliba pozicia,

amerikis mimarT kritikuli azri, arasodes gamoeTqva

raoden popularuli ar unda yofiliyo. `gaWirvebaSi Ca-

vardnil megobars unda daexmaro~. politikur vaSingtons

es damokidebuleba SeumCneveli ar darCenia.

niu iorkSi seirnobisas vilis ar gamohparvia civi,

mtruli mzera, romliTac feradkanianebi xvdebodnen qu-

CaSi. Tvalebs Wutavda, roca mZRoli RilakiT gviketavda

manqanis karebs iseT kvartlebSi, sadac TiTqos arcerTi

TeTrkaniani ar cxovrobda. qveynis regeneraciis gasaoca-

191

ri Zalis miuxedavad, feradkanian da TeTr saxelmwifoe-

bs Soris daZabulobas ar gamoricxavda – Sefaseba, rome-

lic mogvianebiT Searbila. am winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse

kontinentis, saxelad aSS-s mimarT didi keTilganwyobis

miuxedavad, sadac TvalsaCinoa civilizaciis miRwevebi,

uxvadaa araCveulebrivi fondebi da, meore mxriv, Znelad

gasagebi kanonebi iaraRis Sesaxeb da sikvdiliT dasja –

evropeli brandtisTvis es qveyana gaucxoebulad darCa.

iq Tavs Sin ver grZnobda. magram amerikis roli ucvleli

rCeboda.

192

satrfo, romelsac sasowarkveTamde

mihyavxar (evropa)

axali federaluri kancleris, vili brandtis pirveli

sagareo politikuri qmedeba evropas eZRvneboda. ufro

zustad: amayobda, rom 1969 wlis dekemberSi haagaSi sa-

frangeTis prezident JorJ pompidusTan da oTxi sxva

qveynis mTavrobebis meTaurebTan erTad mwvane Suqi aun-

To inglisis gaerTianebas evropul TanamegobrobaSi,

rasac didxans ewinaaRmdegeboda safrangeTi. demokra-

tiis samSoblos da skandinaviuri elementis gareSe –

mas evropa Znelad Tu warmoedgina. is, rom safrangeTi

inglisis gverdiT Tavs ukeT igrZnobda, rodesac ger-

manelebi aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT gaaaqtiurebdnen

ganmuxtvis politikis gatarebas, ar aRelvebda. wlebis

Semdeg amovikiTxe jorj kenanis mogonebebSi: – roca

1949 wels vimogzaure evropaSi, mivxvdi, rom evropuli

gaerTianebis yvela warmodgena marcxiT damTavrdeboda,

romelic kontinentze inglisis sabolood mibmas gadawy-

vetdao; britaneTis gansakuTrebuli urTierTobebi aSS-

sTan yovelTvis prioritetuli darCebao. – oTxmociani

wlebis dasawyisSi gavumaxvile yuradReba vilis kenanis

prognozze, romelic amasobaSi bevrjer gamarTlda. misi

Cveuli fraza movismine: `eg adre unda geTqva~.

193

amas maSin unda mivmxvdariyaviT, roca brandti 1962

wels londonSi sityviT gamovida da leiboristuli par-

tiis TavmjdomareTa Soris evropis mimarT yvelaze ke-

Tilganwyobilma hiu geitskelma wesierad arc ki mous-

mina. brandtis mier gamoTqmuli rwmena, inglisi evropis

nawiliao, xmamaRali SeZaxilebiT miiRes. gaitskeli

mikrofons mivarda da siCume moiTxova `Cveni wyalgaRma

megobrebisTvis~. es xumroba ar iyo. ara marto la manSze

Camowolili sqeli nislis dros aRiqmeboda britaneTis

kunZulze evropa ucxo kontinentad – es ganwyoba hqon-

da yvela partias da Seesabameboda sazogadoebis saerTo

ganwyobasac.

1970 wlis TebervalSi erTxel, sadilobis Semdeg, ue-

crad mkiTxa gromikom: `rodis iqneba, rom evropa erTi

xmiT ilaparakebs?~ am wuxilis mizezi evropis ekono-

mikur gaerTianebas moskovisTvis erTxel ukve mieca. me

vupasuxe: `oc weliwadSi Tavidan mkiTxeT~ is ki daeWve-

buli CameZia: `marTla ase fiqrobT?~

kanclers rom vuambe da Tan davarwmune, rom marTla

ase vfiqrobdi, misma reaqciamac ar daayovna: `gamous-

worebeli defetisti xar~. ver warmoedgina, rom es pro-

cesi amden xans gaWianurdeboda. rasakvirvelia, wamiT ar

ufiqria, rom germaniis gaerTianebas ufro swrafad mi-

vaRwevdiT vidre evropis qmediTunarianobas saerTaSo-

riso sarbielze. ormoci wlis Semdeg darwmunebiT isev

Zneli saTqmelia, rodis mivaRwevT erTi xmiT laparakis

gacxadebul mizans.

erTxel vilim misayvedura, saTanadod ar gainterese-

bs evropao, vupasuxe, eqvsi dedaqalaqidan TiTeulSi zis

sul cota eqvsi uaRresad gonieri adamiani, romlebic

am Temaze muSaoben. hoda, aravis avnebs, me aRmosavleT

evropas Tu mivxedav-meTqi.

194

rasakvirvelia, brandtma didad gaixara, ganmuxtvis

politikam iseTi Sedegi rom gamoiRo, romelmac evropa

Secvala. magram amas xeli ar SeuSlia misTvis, qvevidan

ganxorcielebuli wnexis saSualebiT ecada, evropa metad

daefrTianebina. kabinetis erT-erT sxdomaze isev ima-

ze vmsjelobdiT, rogor mogvexerxebina, rom evropuli

sabWos Semdegi sxdoma cota ufro mniSvnelovani da sain-

tereso gagvexada. aRar maxsovs, vis moafiqrda pirvels

evropuli arCevnebis Catarebis idea. am ideam mogvnusxa

da aRgvafrTovana. brandtma maSinve gaaqarwyla sawinaaR-

mdego argumenti, evropis parlaments konpetencia saer-

Tod ar gaaCniao: `parlamenti Tavad moipovebs saWiro

uflebebs~. ase Catarda 1979 wels evropuli parlamentis

pirveli pirdapiri arCevnebi. brandti iyo siis pirveli

nomeri, Tavis SecdomaSi darwmunebas moeswro. evropis

gaerTianeba gamofxizlebis nel gzas daadga, romelic

dResac ar dasrulebula.

britaneTis politikam daamuxruWa da matarebels

Seaxta, ufro efeqturi damuxruWebis saSualeba rom moe-

povebina; ukeTesi kontrolisTvis briuselSic ki Cavida

da megi TetCerma bolos ukan moiTxova `Tavisi fuli~.

kisinjeri Cioda, evropas romel telefonze davureko,

ar vicio, Tumca didad es ambavi ar aRelvebda. brandti

sakmaod Wkviani iyo imis misaxvedrad, rom evropis gareT

did qveynebs mxolod sakuTari interesebi amoZravebdaT,

sxvanairad verc iqneboda. saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba

evropas keTil survilebs ugzavnida, magram aRar sjero-

da, rom igi aTwleulebis win dadebul fics Seasrulebda.

am Temaze eWvis gamoTqma ar SeiZleboda: veravin uar-

yofda, rom ekonomikurma TanamSromlobam natvra aaxdina.

faqtiurad, warmoudgeneli gaxda evropul saxel mwifoebs

195

Soris omebi, maTi mWidro kavSirebis gamo. meore msoflio

omis Semdeg miRweuli es didi warmateba erovnuli suve-

renitetis evropaze gadanawilebas moiTxovda. es rTuli

ar aRmoCnda, radgan aRmosavleTis safrTxis winaaRmdeg

usafrTxoebis garantias amerika iZleoda natos saSuale-

biT. rodesac 1969 wels de golma Tanamdeboba datova

inglisis, norvegiis, daniis da irlandiis gaerTianebaSi

Sesvlas win araferi edga (mxolod vilis norvegiele-

bma Tqves uari plebiscitis gziT), evropul gaerTiane-

bas 1973 wlis pirvel ianvars sami axali wevri SeuerTda.

brandti imediT aRivso, rodesac CrdiloeT-samxreTis

komisiis wevri da inglisis istoriaSi evropisadmi yve-

laze keTilganwyobili konservatori politikosi edvard

heTi britaneTis mTavrobis saTaveSi movida. misi marcxis

Semdeg iseTi imedgacruebulebi aRar vyofilvarT, roca

Semdgomma leiboristulma mTavrobebma aSS-sTan gan-

sakuTrebuli urTierTobebis prioriteti SeinarCunes.

sabWoTa kavSiris mSvidobiani dasasrulis Semdeg aR-

mo savleTidan samxedro muqara aRar ismoda. axla upria-

ni iq ne boda, evrokavSirze nacionaluri suverenitetis

gadatana gagrZelebuliyo, miTumetes, rom maastrixtis

xelSekrulebam erToblivi sagareo da usafrTxoebis po-

litikis gza gakvala. magram aRmosavleTidan mosalod-

neli muqaris gareSe da kontinentze amerikis Semdgomi

darCenis imediT, evropis saxelmwifoTa nawils egona,

rom patar-patara omebis warmoebis fufuneba eqnebodaT,

Tanac, riskis gareSe. maastrixts 1992 wels, vili brand-

tis gardacvalebis wels, Tormetma wevrma saxelmwifom

moawera xeli. ase aRsrulda misi zrunva evropaze, rome-

lic mas ase uyvarda.

196

aTi wlis Semdeg SemoviReT saerTo valuta, inglisis

gareSe. britanuli interesebis Sesabamisad, gaerTianeba

gafarTovda, magram ar gaRrmavebula. amasobaSi evrokav-

Sirs ocdaSvili wevri hyavs, kidev sami `karze akakunebs~.

yoveli axali wevris SemomatebiT ufro Zneldeba misi

marTva.

amerikas SeuZlia wynarad iyos: inglisi vaSingtons

aZlevs garantias, rom evropuli saxelmwifoebis mZlavri

gaerTianebis magivrad, SeuZlia bevr qveyanas elaparakos.

amasobaSi mwifdeba azri, rom evropis TviTgamorkveva

mxolod evros valutis mqone qveynebis jgufSi aris Se-

saZlebeli, maSasadame, didi britaneTis da evrokavSiris

sxva qveynebis gamoklebiT. aucileblad unda gadailaxos

evropis aRmosavleTad da dasavleTad dayofis Zveli sqe-

ma da poloneTi mainc, albaT CexeTic, unda SeuerTdnen

evros zonas. brandti imedgacruebiT Seafasebda dRevan-

del process Tu pragmatulad, ver getyviT. mgonia, rom

evrozonasa da evrokavSirs Soris gadauWrel daZabulo-

bas ver warmoidgenda.

mahaTma gandis Zaladobaze uaris Tqmis politikam

in doeTis kontinents didi britaneTisgan politikuri

da moukidebloba moutana. evropis TviTgamorkveva, ame-

rikis usafrTxoebis proteqtoratis rangSi, ucvlelad

grZeldeba. Tuki vaSingtoni da moskovi ver moaxerxeben

erToblivad moigerion raketebi, SeiZleba Sedegad evro-

pa xelaxla gadaiaraRdes, maT Soris, germaniac. SesaZle-

belia ganmuxtvis politikis dasasruli dadges, rasac

brandti verc ki warmoidgenda.

197

Seican Tavi Seni

bevrjer uTqvamT, brandtis gamonaTqvamebi winaswarmety-

velebas hgavso. `Seican Tavi Seni~ – kunZul delfize apo-

lonis taZris warwera, vili brandtis, rogorc adamianis

Sesacnobadac gamodgeba.

Tuki cxovrebam raime gakveTili Cautara, upirve-

les yovlisa, is, rom mbrZaneblobis unari ar gaaCnda.

Tavs Tavisufal adamianad grZnobda, ufro Tavisuflad,

vidre qveyana, romelSic igi dabrunda. da mainc uwev-

da Segueboda dauZlevel garemoebebs. saxeobaTa Sesaxeb

moZRvrebaSi Segueba warmatebis receptia gadarCenisTvis

brZolaSi. brandtma es meTodi manam gaiTavisa, sanam ber-

linis mmarTveli meri gaxdeboda. undoda damajerebeli

yofiliyo da arafers dagidevdaT, rom berlinis konsti-

tucia mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencias ar aniWeb-

da. konsensusis gziT gamarjvebis miRweva iqca mis Zlier

mxared; es Tviseba federaluri kanclerobis drosac ga-

moavlina. horst emkem moswrebulad SeniSna: `ufrosis

rolSi yofna ar uyvars~. didxans grZnobda Tavs sxvaTa

da garemoebaTa `gavlenis qveS~. xandaxan minatria, vilis

meti simtkice gamoeCina partiis SigniT masTan dapiris-

pirebulTa winaSe. roca saTanado rCevas SevTavazebdi,

moWriT mpasuxobda: `es me ar var. es ar minda~.

198

roca erTxel dananebiT vuTxari, mimarTulebis gan-

sazRvris kompetenciis Zalauflebriv instrumentebs ar

iyeneb-meTqi, Tavi aarida pirdapir pasuxs: es mxolod

erTxel SeiZleba gamoiyeno, kerZod, koaliciis dasas-

ruleblado. `mimarTulebis gansazRvris kompetencia

amowurulia, roca partniori mas ar emorCileba~. erTi

piroba, gadadgomamde cota xniT adre, fiqrobda, Sina-

gan saqmeTa ministri genSeri xom ar gavaTavisufloo,

magram gadaifiqra, radgan amiT koaliciac daiSleboda.

maxsendeba, angela merkelma rogor gadaylapa zeehoferis

muqarebi da riosleris SantaJi – darwmunebuli var, ar

daviwyebia. vercerTs ver moxsnida, Tu kanclerad dar-

Cena undoda. norbert riotgeni ki martivad Caanacvla

peter altmaieriT.

CrdiloeT-samxreTis komisiaSi Semavali ocdaerTi pi-

rovneba – industriuli, ganviTarebuli da ganviTarebadi

qveynebis warmomadgenlebi, miTiTebebis gacemas miCveule-

bi iyvnen, miTiTebebis miRebas ki – ara. gansxvavebuli in-

teresebis da SeuTavsebeli poziciebis mqone adamianebis

gaerTianeba mxolod erTi saerTo saqmis irgvliv SeiZle-

boda. globaluri komisiis kraxs gamoiwvevda sakiTxebis

kenWisyraze dayenebis mcdeloba. vili brandts hqonda

avtoriteti da damajerebloba, grZeli da momqancveli

debatebis bolos mainc axerxebda saerTo miznis Camoya-

libebas. rac samarTliania, yvelasTvis misaRebia.

es Tvisebebi, romelTac brandti ganasaxierebda, qmnis

imis nawils, rasac qarizmas uwodeben. qarizmas fuliT

ver iyidi. verc parlamenti an saxelmwifos meTauri mo-

ganiWebs mas ordeniviT. arc siRaribe an simdidre gana-

pirobebs mas; Tumca, garkveuli saxis simtkices aucile-

blad moiTxovs. aravin icis, ramdenma adamianma Caitana

199

saflavSi gamouvlinebeli qarizma, radgan axalgazrdo-

bis siZneleebma gatexa. Sesabamisad, bedmac unda gagiRi-

mos. da brandts bedis gaRimeba xSirad sWirdeboda, raTa

dabrkolebebs ar gaetexa, anda `raixSi~ aralegaluri vi-

zitebisas ar `CaevloT~. qarizmas gambedaobac sWirdeba,

rac asve xSirad gamouvlenia, da kidev Zala, damarcxebi-

sas fexze wamodgomis Zala. da mainc, rom SeiZlebodes am

Tvisebebis erTmaneTSi ise aRreva, rom an mefistofeli

miviRoT da an fausti, qarizma eqneba Tu ara, kacma ar

icis.

intuiciac saWiroa – roca goneba uecrad gagibrwy-

indeba da mixvdebi, rom marto gvirgvinis dadeba ar

kmara, unda daiCoqo da amas akeTeb kidec. varSavam pir-

dapir miiyvana mSvidobis nobelis premiamde. es premia

brandtisTvis, bevr sxva ramesTan erTad, mTavars – mis

`mesTan~ Cveulebrivi damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas

niSnavda. jer kidev berlinSi vakvirdebodiT albert-

ci da me, rogor uWirda brandts `me~-s Tqma. an `Cven~-s

ambobda, an cdilobda upiro da sxva gramatikuli for-

mebiT esar gebla imis saTqmelad, rac `aucilebeli~ an

`sasurveli~ iyo. axalgazrdobaSi da emigraciaSi eswavla

azrebis frTxili da mSrali Camoyalibeba. `me~ jobda ar

exsenebina. es mmarTveli meris da Semdeg sagareo saqme-

Ta ministris stils bundovans, aramkafios xdida. gvin-

doda mkafiod dagvenaxa marTvis sadaveebi. rac ar unda

vTqvaT, `sasurvelias~ yovelTvis sjobs `me visurvebdi~

an sulac `me minda~.

sityva, romelic nobelis premiis gadacemaze warmo-

Tqva, misi metyvelebis stilis saocar gardaqmnas moas-

wavebda. bednieri viyavi, uceb rogor Tavdajerebulad

ambobda `me~-s. `da Tuki uflebas momcemT davamato: Cem-

200

Tvis ramdens niSnavs germaneli xalxis saxeliT Cemi saq-

mianobis dafaseba. rom wilad mxvda warsulis waruSleli

Zrwolvis da mSvidobis nebis erTmaneTTan SeTavseba~. no-

belis premiiT daajildoves adamiani, romlis biografia-

sac wuns ver daudebdi da misi samSoblo. amiT SeeZlo ea-

maya da amayobda kidec yovelgvari ampartavnobis gareSe.

nobelis premiam Cems megobars sakuTari Rirsebis rwmena

Semata, Tumca mas es hqonda, magram ar amJRavnebda.

`ukanalSi meti intuicia aqvs, vidre zogierTs – Tav-

Si~ – am cota uxams gamoTqmas dResac ucvlelad vi-

ziareb. magram intuiciis aucilebeli niWi sakmarisad

ver xsnis misi srulyofili qarizmis fenomens. kacma rom

Tqvas, brandts Tavisuflad SeeZlo Tavisi warsuliT ea-

maya. TviTnabadi iyo am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT, saku-

Tari ZaliT miaRwia yvelafers, damoukidebeli, aravis

vali ar hqonda arc finansebis mxriv da arc profesiul

karieraSi emarTa vismesi. Tavad iyo sakuTari Tavis pa-

troni da iswavla grZnobebis marTva, imedebis moTokva,

gancdebis damalva. introvertul pirovnebad iqca da

aravis ikarebda axlos. vinc ruTis da misi vaJebis mo-

gonebebs waikiTxavs, ver aRmoaCens udardel, Tbil, mxia-

rul ojaxur atmosferos. vili Tavis samyaroSi cxovrob-

da – emociebiT aRsavse da Tavad mgrZnobiare.

samyaro mas sul ufro didi gamowvevebis winaSe ayeneb-

da da aeWvebda, vaiTu ver davZlioo. ar arsebobs profe-

siuli ganaTleba, romelic gaswavlis mmarTvel merobas,

sagareo saqmeTa ministrobas an federalur kanclerobas.

mxolod maSin, roca yovelive amas miaRwevda xolme, ga-

moikveTeboda drodadro, SeZlebda Tu ara Tanamdebobis

da amocanebis TavisgarTmevas da kvalis datovebas. Tavad

unda epova sakuTari gza samyaroSi. ar maxsendeba, ro-

201

desme gvesaubros Cven maqsimaze `Seican Tavi Seni~. magram

swored es iyo misi amocana – sakuTari Tavis rwmena hqo-

noda da ar Semdrkaliyo umTavres dabrkolebaTa winaSe,

mihyoloda Tavis principul mrwamss, albaT xedvasac da

Tan myarad mdgariyo miwaze. vili iyo miwieri meocnebe.

Tavis Sinagan kompass endoboda. sakuTari Tavis aseTi

rwmena ki iSviaTia, amas hqvia `me~-s suvereniteti. mrava-

li gansxvavebis miuxedavad, aseTi Tavdajereba mxolod

adenauerisa da kolisTvis SemimCnevia.

boroti da mdabiuri ganzraxviT 1961 wels adenauerma

rom brandtis ukanono Sviloba, gvaris Secvla da emigra-

cia aigdo masxrad da Tan amtkicebda, sabWoTa kavSirma

kedeli brandtis dasaxmareblad aRmarTao, laparakis

unari daakargvina brandts. siZulvilsa da simarTleSi

gazavebulma Sxamma daucveli gaxada. Seuracxyves misi

biografia, romliTac amayobda. es Wriloba ar moSuSe-

bia, arc aTi wlis Semdeg, osloSi `me~-s gaTavisuflebis

Semdeg.

aucilebelia Zalauflebis wyurvili, Tu ginda rom

marTo. es arc ekonomikaSi, mecnierebasa Tu kulturis

sferoSia principulad gansxvavebuli, vidre politikaSi.

brandts yvela Tanamdebobaze hqonda marTvis survili,

sadac ki minaxavs: berlinSi, partiaSi, sagareo uwyeba-

Si, socialistur internacionalSi, romelic evropuli

organizaciidan globalur organizaciad aqcia, federa-

luri kancleris Tanamdebobaze da CrdiloeT-samxreTis

saerTaSoriso komisiis Tavmjdomareobisas. TiTeuli es

posti marTvis meTodebis gansxvavebul moTxovnas saWi-

roebda. diqtatoris tips araferi gamouvidoda, gindac

demokratiis saburvelSi gaxveuliyo.

202

herman hioxerlma, romelmac Semogvinaxa Sinagan saqme-

Ta federaluri ministrisTvis niSandoblivi gamonaTqva-

mi, mTeli dRe ver virben iRliaSi kostituciaamoCrilio,

erTxel dananebiT da mowiwebiT Tqva, brandti am xis-

ti saqmisTvis Zalian rbiliao. marto igi ar Semcdara.

swored imitom SeZlo brandtma sxvadasxva amocanisTvis

marTvis sxvadasxva modeli moergo, rom jer kidev emi-

graciaSi iswavla moqniloba. misi antenebi bevr signals

ise amuSavebda, rom am mgrZnobiare kacs Tavisi mizanisT-

vis arasodes uRalatia. bevri ver afasebda saTanadod da

egonaT, iolad vmarTavTo. vinc mas `Rrubel vilis~ eZax-

da, bolos suleli aRmoCnda. brandti veravin gadaiyvana

im gzidan, romelsac Tavisi Sinagani kompasi uCvenebda.

vinc TiTqmis ocdaxuTi weli – ufro didxans, vidre

vinme bebelis Semdeg – saTaveSi edga social-demokra-

tiul partias, kargad icnobda mis organizacias da meqa-

nizmebs, man icoda, rodis da visTvis unda daereka. eWvi

araa: brandts uyvarda Zalaufleba. iq viyavi, rodesac

Smidti pirvelad moinaxula kancleris axal aparatSi.

Smidtma uTxra: `vili, patieba unda gTxovo. Tavs Zlivs

varTmev mxolod am saqmes da simarTle giTxra, azrze ara

var, rogor axerxebdi Tan partiis marTvasac. me amas ver

SevZlebdi~. vilis aseTi sityvebi siamovnebda. sawyenad ki

daurCa, roca mogvianebiT ena miutanes, Smidti nanobs da

Secdomad miaCnia, rom partiis Tavmjdomareobac ar moin-

domao. brandts abrazebda, metic, guls stkenda Smidtis

kritikuli da upativcemlo gamonaTqvamebi, Tumca Zalau-

flebis siyvaruls ar unelebda. man ase icoda Tqma, `rom

movindomo, helmuti or kviraSi kancleri aRar iqneba~.

brandtis mier Zalauflebis siyvaruli im gamocdile-

bidan sazrdoobda, rom is iyo social-demokratiuli

203

partiis bolo Tavmjdomare, romelic muSaTa moZraobi-

dan modioda. albaT momavali mravali wlis ganmavlo-

baSic erTaderTia, vinc partia arCevnebSi did warmate-

bamde miiyvana. igi pasuxismgeblobas grZnobda Tavisi

social-demokratiuli partiis da misi momavlis winaSe

da es pasuxismgebloba mis mier Seqmnili koaliciis Semd-

gom periodsac swvdeboda. Tavmjdomares ufro win unda

gaexeda, vidre federalur kanclers, romlis mTavar amo-

canas koaliciis SenarCuneba da gaZliereba warmoadgenda.

Smidts SeeZlo TavisTvis ufleba mieca da mwvaneebze eqi-

lika. brandts ki undoda mwvaneebi SesaZlo partiorebad

SeenarCunebina. ver daeTanxmeboda kancleris ganzraxvas,

Seekavebina erhard epleri, romelic bonSi did samSvido-

bo demonstraciaze sityviT gamosvlas apirebda. mas ar

undoda da arc hqonda ufleba, daefrTxo axalgazr-

da Taoba da Tanac mTavrobis meTaurs unda dadgomoda

gverdSi.

partiis Tavmjdomarisa da kancleris erT pirovneba-

Si gaerTianebas ueWvelad aqvs upiratesoba, radgan funq-

ciebis gadanawileba rTulia da or mmarTvel figuras

Soris pirovnulad uproblemo urTierTobis drosac ki

wamoiWreba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis saWiroeba, rome-

lic am funqciebis gansxvavebuli interesebidan gamomdi-

nareobs. brandtis SemTxvevaSi bedniereba iyo, rom misi

`isic da isic~ mis bunebas Seesabameboda. marTalia, am

midgomisTvis mas akritikebdnen, magram rwmenaganmtkice-

buli vili arasdros ibneoda. misi cxovrebis gzam da

Sinaganma kompasma erTi maradiuli ram aswavla: `an-an~,

`megobari da mteri~ ufro efeqturia da diqtatoruli,

magram upirobo kapitulaciis pirobebSic ar amarTlebs.

204

da miTumetes, Tu soliduri demokratiuli warmatebis

miRwevas eltvi.

Tavs uflebas mivcem, ubralod vTqva: brandtis poli-

tika iTvaliswinebda `isic da isic~ midgomis mravalmxriv

gamoyenebas. brandts arasdros sjeroda, rom istoriaSi

raRacebis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebeli iyo. imis Tqma,

rom esa Tu is gadawyvetileba ualternativoa, poli-

tikur kraxad miaCnda. goniTa da fantaziiT dajildo-

vebuli adamianebi yovelTvis ipovian gamosavals, Tuki

warmateba swyuriaT. kompromisi demokratiis wesia, Tuki

saqme sindiss ar exeba.

am midgomiTaa daRdasmuli social-demokratiuli

partiis da germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis

1987 wlis erToblivi dokumenti, romlis umTavresi inte-

resi mSvidobis SenarCunebaa. ganmuxtvis mTeli politi-

ka eyrdnoboda princips, SegvenarCunebina stabiluroba

evropaSi da ar gvecada erTmaneTis ideologiurad gada-

bireba. aravis ucdia moskovSi komunistad veqcie da arc

me micdia vinmes Semotrialeba demokratiisken. da brand-

tic wynarad, mSvidad inarCunebda pozicias, rom ideolo-

giuri gansxvavebebi meorexarisxovania. istoria miiRebda

sazRvrebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas, Tuki Zaladobisgan

Tavisufali qmedeba umaRlesi principi iqneboda.

arsebobs sasxvaTaSoriso `isic da isic~, romelsac

brandti iziarebda. social-liberaluri koalicia ara-

sodes SewinaaRmdegebia bonis pozicias, romelic miiCnev-

da, rom jer germania unda gaerTianebuliyo da Semdeg

SeiZleboda ganmuxtvis politikaze saubari, magram sru-

liad sawinaaRmdegod imoqmeda. mas formalurad ara-

sodes uaruyvia germaniis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb bonis

Zveli moTxovna, romelic 1937 wlamde arsebul sazRvre-

205

bSi gaerTianebas gulisxmobda, magram praqtikulad, ga-

moricxa oderisa da naises xazis aRmosavleTiT terito-

riuli moTxovnebis dayeneba. da arc sabWoTa kavSiri ar

SewinaaRmdegebia odesme varSavis xelSekrulebis gadawy-

vetilebas, romlis Tanaxmadac dauSvebeli iyo bonTan

xelSekrulebebis dadeba, sanam federaciuli respublika

xalxTaSorisi samarTlis subieqtad ar aRiarebda gdr-s,

Tumca praqtikulad sabWoTa kavSiric gverds uvlida mas.

Cveni ganmuxtvis politika eswrafvoda eRiarebina rea-

loba da, amave dros, Seecvala igi. ramdenad warmatebu-

lad Secvlida realobas berlinSi, germaniasa da evropa-

Si, veravin ganWvretda, rodesac kedlis aRmarTvis Semdeg

patar-patara nabijebis gadadgma daiwyo. bevri adamiani

da faqtori, ukve naxsenebi bedic unda damTxveoda erT-

maneTs am SedegisTvis. erT-erTi faqtori brandtis pi-

rovnebac gaxldaT. Zalauflebis survili ar aklda; ma-

gram mis macdur Zalas arasodes damorCilebia, arasodes

amcirebda da ar anadgurebda adamianebs. mas didad ara-

frad miaCnda gadawyvetilebebi msoflios Secvlis Se-

saxeb. partiis, mTavrobisa Tu Semdegi sakanonmdeblo pe-

riodis amocanebis misaRwevad igi amjobinebda `isic da

isic~ – poziciis sando gzas, magram arasodes daukarga-

vs orientacia. misi Sinagani kompasi farTo horizont-

sac iseve aCvenebda, rogorc uaxloes miznebs, romelTa

miRwevasac igi eswrafvoda.

ra iyo misi Sinagani kompasi? rasakvirvelia, ufro sa-

marTliani sazogadoeba. erTni mas socializms uwodebd-

nen, meoreni social-demokratizms. SemTxveviTi ar aris,

rom aseT zust saxeldebas gaurboda, radgan Tavad zusti

saxeli ar eguleboda. aranakleb gasakviria, rom ar arse-

bobda erTiani koncefcia, romelsac `brandtis gegmas~

206

daarqmevdi. arc aravis mousaklisebia da ukiTxavs, gegma

sad ariso. brandtis sayrdens warmoadgenda adamianebis

ndoba mis mimarT, is, rom mas hqonda orientacia, romel-

sac SeiZleboda gahyolodi. esec qarizmaa.

nacistebis raixis mimarT uzado winaaRmdegoba, dasa-

vleT berlinis interesebis dasacavad mkafio simtkice da

misi ganmuxtvis politikis damajerebloba: am Tvisebebis

erTobliobiT moipova brandtma ndoba aRmosavleTsa da

dasavleTSi. misi simtkice gadalaxul daeWvebas efuZne-

boda. gamocdileba karnaxobda – mxolod sinamdviliT

gamowveuli aRSfoTeba warmoqmnis energias, romelmac

axali sinamdvile unda Seqmnas. misi cxovrebis gza na-

Teli iyo: ar davrCeT pasiurni, aramed SevZloT `me~-s

TviTgamorkveva; Semdeg sakuTari qveynis TviTgamorkveva

da bolos evropis TviTgamorkveva.

mocemul situaciaSi misi kalibris germaneli meore

ar arsebobda. amitom iyo igi bednieri monapovari qvey-

nisTvis, evropisTvisac, mis gareSe istoria sxvanairad

warimarTeboda. valentin falinma – igi didxans gaxldaT

bonSi sabWoTa kavSiris elCi da xelSekrulebebis mola-

parakebebis monawile, erTxel aseTi ram Tqva: – brandtis

ganmuxtvis politika rom ara, gorbaCovi kremlSi pirve-

li kaci ver gaxdeboda. gorbaCovis gareSe ki germania ver

gaerTiandebodao.

207

*

vilis erTi gamonaTqvami CamrCa mexsierebaSi, oRond aRar

maxsovs, rodindelia da vis uTxra: `SeiZleba egons guli

wydeba, rom didxans srulfasovnad ar aRiqvamdnen~. igive

SeeZlo didi xnis auxdenel Tavis molodinzec eTqva –

rodis miiRebda mas sakuTari qveyana. Cems SemTxvevaSi es

exeboda vermaxtis periods – maocebda, rom maSin veravin

SeamCnia Cemi ebraeli bebiis arseboba.

Cveni biografiidan bevri msgavseba mogxvdebodaT

TvalSi. dedamisTan saxlSi arasdros axsenebdnen mamas.

Cemi mSoblebis saxlSi arasodes axsenebdnen ebrael be-

bias, Tumca, vicodi, rom mamaCemi Tavis sayvarel profe-

sias – maswavleblobas CamoaSores, radgan meuRlesTan

gayraze uari Tqva. sityva `ebraeli~ an `ebrauli~ ara-

sodes gamoTqmula. Sobas yovelTvis berlinSi, bebias-

Tan aRvniSnavdiT, misi Svidive Svili da maTi meuRleebi

ikribebodnen. biZaCemi fritci braziliaSi gaiqca, meore

biZas – kurts ki mamaCemTan erTad Sevxvdi anhalteris

sadgurze 1934 wlis erT saRamos – Tavi gadaparsuli

hqonda da orive oqros kbili amoeglijaT oranienbur-

gis sakoncentracio banakSi. `araferi mkiTxoT!~ iyo er-

TaderTi, rac matarebelSi asvlamde gviTxra da italiis

gavliT gaemgzavra SanxaiSi.

brandtsa da Cem Soris asakobriv gansxvavebas warmo-

mavlobis tabusTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonia: man emigracia-

Si gvari Seicvala; me vermaxtis tabu SevinarCune. Cveni

nacnobobisa da daaxloebis aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi

arasdros gvisaubria am memkvidreobaze. sanam erT-erTi

Cvengani gulaxdil saubars ar wamoiwyebda, meore kiTxve-

bs arasodes svamda. am urTierTpativiscemaSi ifurCqne-

208

boda megobroba, romelic akavSirebda did politikur

erTsulovnobas da sxvadasxva pirovnul Tvisebebs.

Smidtis ebraeli babuis Sesaxeb, rac Jiskar d’estenis-

gan gavigeT, vilis da me arasodes gvisaubria. arc hel-

muts da me. mesmoda, rom arafriT ar undoda, misi saxeli

am kuTxiT gaxmaurebuliyo. gulSi ki mifiqria, rom igi

iyo mesame, vis ojaxSic sxvanairi saxis, magram mainc arse-

bobda tabu.

*

musikosobaze TorgauSi gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebidan

vocnebobdi. musikaluri aRzrda miviRe iohan valetis

gundSi, oratoriebs vasrulebdi, rac absolutur smenas

da fortepianoze daxvewilad dakvras moiTxovda, vio-

linoze ki skolis orkestris meore violinos iqiT ver

wavedi.

sxvanairad gamovida: 1974 wels vcade lev kopelevi

federaciul respublikaSi Camomeyvana. mas surda aRewe-

ra germaneli eqimis, fridrix iozef haasis istoria; es

ukanaskneli warmoSobiT miunsteris aifelidan iyo da

1825 wels dekabristebis ajanyebis Semdeg `gadasaxle-

bulTa angelozad~ monaTles. miunsteris aifelze pa-

suxismgebeli qristian-demokratiuli partiis deputati

alois mertesi gaxldaT, ganmuxtvis politikis daufara-

vi mowinaaRmdege, romelsac ver daeviwyebina `gaerTiane-

bis~ sastiki damarcxeba, ori wlis winaT, ndobis votumis

kenWisyraSi. mas vTxove kopelevs daxmareboda da cota

qarafSutulad vuTxari: `kacma rom Tqvas, musika mindoda

meswavla, magram fiurerma ar damaneba~. mSralad momigo:

`afsus! ai, hitleris kidev erTi Secdoma~.

209

musikis gareSe cxovreba ver warmomedgina. saSinlad

ganvicade, roca vermaxtSi gatarebuli ori wlis Semdeg

fortepianos swavlas iq veRar gavagrZelebdi, sadac Se-

vwyvite. amitomac aRmafrTovanebda xolme helmut Smid-

tis sakoncerto niWi. brandti musikis sferoSi dile-

tanti iyo. rodesac mogzaurobisas maspinZlebs egonaT

xolme, rom xalxuri musikiT siamovnebas mianiWebdnen,

zrdilobianad ki usmenda, magram interess ar avlenda.

savaldebulo vaiberfastnaxtis drosac ki ar Cndebo-

da xolme, roca `Serekilebi~ bonSi partiis centralur

ofisSi gvacxrebodnen Tavs. mxolod erTxel vnaxe gasao-

cari akustikis mqone berlinis filarmoniaSi – darbazis

gaxsnaze. operis, Teatris an gamofenebis mimarT inte-

resi ar Semityvia. im RonisZiebebze, sadac midioda, ro-

gorc wesi, sityviT gamosvla uwevda. iSviaTad eZleoda

SesaZlebloba, Sin wynarad ekiTxa; amitom, gasagebia, rom

naklebad xiblavda sxvebis mosmena.

SmidtTan Wadrakis TamaSi SemeZlo, sabednierod, TiT-

qmis erT doneze vTamaSobdiT. warmoudgeneli iyo, masTan

erTad cota gabedul anekdotze gagcineboda. vili da me

erTmaneTs sul axal-axal anekdotebs vuyvebodiT. roca

viwro wreSi vili yveboda, yvelaze metad Tavad xali-

sobda.

brandts seriozuli saubrebi mwerlebTan, magali Tad

jgufi 47-is wevrebTan, Zalian siamovnebda. am saubrebi-

dan isrutavda argumentebs, mosazrebebs, gafrT xilebebs

da ideebs, romelTac Tavis politikur yoveldRiuroba-

Si versad gaigonebda da amdidrebda sakuTar samyaros da

sakuTar orientacias, sadac Tavs myarad grZnobda. ga-

moricxulia, rodesme TavSi mosvloda fraza, romelsac

Smidti xSirad xmarobda: istoriis sqolio varo. gindac

210

mosalodneli winaaRmdegobis gamomwvev Tavmdablobad

migveRo es gamonaTqvami, sakuTar TavSi msgavsi daeWve-

bisgan brandti emansipirebuli iyo. samagierod, Smidti

SesaSuri aqtiurobiT monawileobda kulturul cxovre-

baSi da filosofiur debatebSi da iseTi farTo sulieri

diapazoni gamoimuSava, brandts rom arasodes moundome-

bia.

miuxedavad aseTi gansxvavebisa, am or kacs erTi ram

akavSirebda – orives damoukideblad mieRwia Tav-Tavian-

Ti aRmavlobisTvis. arc emigraciidan dabrunebulisTvis

da arc vermaxtis yofili oficrisTvis ar waukravs vinmes

ise xeli, rom valSi yofiliyvnen. orive alfa-cxovelma

sakuTar gzaze iara. maT gansxvavebul xasiaTs, intere-

sebsa da niWs, – partiisa da saxelmwifos winaSe saerTo

saqmeSi gamovlenili disciplina rom ara, – SeiZleboda

Seuqcevad konfliqtebamde miveyvaneT.

saxeli, romelic me momaniWes – `ganmuxtvis poli-

tikis arqiteqtori~ – Sesaferad mimaCnia: mSeneblobis

damkveTi brandti gaxldaT. igi maZlevda miTiTebebs da

icoda, sad da rodis unda davkiTxodi mas. mSeneblobis

damkveTis gareSe arqiteqtori ver gavxdebodi. samarT-

lianad ukavSirdeba germaniasa da evropaSi bevri Senoba

brandtis saxels, maTi arqiteqtorebis saxeli ki gafer-

mkrTalda da mxolod eqspertebma da damfaseblebma Tu

ician. Cvens nawerebsac igive bedi eweva. me bevri ram ga-

movaqveyne brandtis saxeliT da arasdros momiwonebia

amiT Tavi. rasac is cvlida, asworebda an miiRebda Se-

Tanxmebulad Tu SeTanxmebis gareSe, ukve misi sakuTreba

xdeboda. ubralod, uCveulo iyo, rogor gamogvdioda es

ambavi!

211

momeca SesaZlebloba, meswavla berZnuli, am pri-

vilegias dRemde uaRresad vafaseb. arc brandts da arc

Smidts ar dasWirvebiaT am enis swavla, rom Cawvdomod-

nen antikur sibrZnes: `Seican Tavi Seni~ da mis mixedviT

ecxovraT. erToblivi saqmisTvis saWiro disciplinam

maTTis TviTSecnoba xasiaTis nawilad aqcia.

`rodesac vili brandti 1961 da 1965 wlebSi kanclero-

bis kandidatad warvadgineT, sajarod aravis uTqvams, me

ukeTesi kandidati varo~. Smidtis es mogvianebiT naTqva-

mi sami wliT adre gardacvlil brandts aRar waukiTxavs.

gaaxalisebda, radgan Tavadac ase fiqrobda. maT erTa-

menTisTvis arasodes gaumxeliaT, ras fiqrobdnen erT-

maneTze. pativiscema da aRiareba subieqtur, erTis mier

meoris sisusteebis Sesaxeb sakmaod gamyarebul Sefase-

bas amarcxebda. `sakuTari tyavidan veravin gamoZvreba~,

miswera erTxel brandtma Smidts. Smidtsac Tavisuflad

SeeZlo igive miewera brandtisTvis.

212

`rac ufro vberdebi, miT ufro

memarcxene vxdebi~

bonSi, partiis Tavmjdomaris kabinetSi roza luqsembur-

gis portreti ekida. mTavar ofiss bonis periodis dasawy-

isidanve `barakebs~ eZaxdnen, Tumca, amasobaSi, sakmaod

warmomadgenlobiT da solidur Senobad iqca, radgan ar

vicodiT, ramden xans SenarCundeboda germaniis gayofa.

reformatori komunistis portreti, romelic nebismier

momsvlels TvalSi xvdeboda im `dune~ social-demokra-

tis kabinetSi ekida, vinc jer aerCiaT da mere gadaerCiaT.

amis Taobaze erTxel brandtma Tqva, maocebs am qalis

simtkice: `socializmi ar arsebobs demokratiis gareSe,

magram arc demokratia arsebobs socializmis gareSe~.

rodesac 1981 wels fransua miterani safrangeTis pre-

zidentad airCies, vili aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda da

miesalma mis ganzraxvas, komunistebi Seeyvana mTavrobaSi.

me ki, omgamovlilsa da civi omis momswres, es, cota ar

iyos, mafiqrianebda. vilim vaimaris respublikis period-

Si daiwyo politikuri azrovneba da iseTi ram gadaeta-

na, rac me ar gamomicdia. `moicade~, damariga Wkua, `amiT

SeiZleba komunistebis marginalizacia miviRoT~. ramde-

nime wlis Semdeg mivxvdi, rom brandtma da miteranma zus-

tad gaTvales da sworad imoqmedes.

213

rodesac vili emigraciis periodze hyveboda, siamovne-

biT ixsenebda xolme parizSi hainrix manTan Sexvedras.

es is dro iyo, roca komunistebi erTnairad ebrZodnen

social-demokratebsa da nacistebs. frangi social-de-

mokratebi ki saxalxo frontze memarcxene Zalebis Ta-

namSromlobas uwyobdnen xels, rac brandts moswonda.

maSin gaicno komunisti herman aqseni, mogvianebiT igi

germaniis erTiani socialisturi partiis politbiuros

wevri gaxda; masTan SevaTanxme oTxmociani wlebis Sua

periodSi partiul doneze centralur evropaSi ato-

muri da qimiuri iaraRisgan Tavisufali zonis sakiTxi.

bonSi erT-erTi vizitisas aqsenma survili gamoTqva vili

brandtisTvis xeli CamoerTmia. vili ukve didi kaci iyo.

brandti siamovnebiT Sexvda, Sinaurulad mimarTa parizis

mere TiTqmis ormocdaaTi wlis unaxav moridebul her-

mans, romelic iseTi aRelvebuli iyo am SexvedriT, rom

misdauneburad TqvenobiT elaparaka brandts da mere

sakuTar Tavs imunaTebda, vaiTu vilim arasworad gaigoo.

aqseni honekeris Svebulebidan dabrunebas daeloda,

raTa egon krancisgan Cemi da Cemi colis darsze dapati-

Jebis nebarTva mieRo. politbiurom mas iq dasabinaveblad

mSvenieri, magram arcTu didi saxli gamouyo. berlinSi

rom vbrundebodiT, gzaSi ufro Tamamad laparakobda,

icoda, rom ar usmendnen da bonSi vilisTan Sexvedra

gaixsena gulaCuyebulma. mxolod sami wliT umcrosi iyo

brandtze da Tavs muSaTa moZraobis pirmSos uwodebda. pa-

rizis Semdeg Tan sdevda azri, rom memarcxene moZraobis

gaxleCam saSineli zarali gamoiwvia da nawilobriv mainc

ekisreboda pasuxismgebloba yvela im katastrofaze, rac

Semdeg moxda. Rirda oflisRvrad am gaxleCis gadalaxva.

mas, rogorc patriots, surda, rom es mizani daesaxa Cve-

214

ni qveyanisTvis da saerTodac, araferia sawinaaRmdego,

rodesac partiuli jariskaci aseT xedvaze daufaravad

yvelgan ver laparakobso. rodesac atomuri, biologiu-

ri da qimiuri iaraRis Sesaxeb vawarmoebdiT molaparake-

bebs, Tavis TanamSromlebs afrTxilebda, ar dagaviwydeT,

rom es dasavleTgermanelebi klasobrivi mtrebi ariano.

me mas gagebiT vekidebodi da SevZeli damerwmunebina, mec

SensaviT vafrTxilebdi Cems TanamSromlebs, kolegebis-

gan daaxloebis yalb mcdelobas nu wamoegebiT-meTqi.

oTxmociani wlebis Sua periodSi social-demokra-

tiulma partiam da germaniis erTianma socialisturma

partiam erToblivi samuSao jgufis farglebSi, ideolo-

giuri gansxvavebis miuxedavad, mSvidobis SenarCunebas

prioritetuli mniSvneloba mianiWes. `kamaTis kultura

gulisxmobs Ria diskusias sistemebis Sejibris Sesaxeb~

– am Teziss gdr-is partiis zeda eSelonebSi meti winaaR-

mdegoba mohyva, vidre social-demokratiul partiaSi.

*

vilim sagareo saqmeTa ministrobis dros mTxova Sevxve-

drodi mis megobars, leo bauers, romelsac axlo urTier-

Tobebi hqonda italiasTan da serjio segres – italiis

komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis mdivans,

raTa maTTvis ganmemarta Cveni sagareo da usafrTxoe-

bis politika. mizani es iyo: moskovs am gziT unda mieRo

Cveni mosazrebebi pirveli xelidan da marto ulbrixtis

Semoklebul da araswor informacias ar unda dayrdno-

boda. segresTan xangrZlivi saubari im dRis wina saRamos

Sedga, rodesac me rainhard gelenTan unda mivsuliyavi

215

federalur sainformacio samsaxurSi. gelenma amixsna

federaluri sainformacio samsaxuris struqtura da

sityva ar dauZravs imis Sesaxeb, rom miunxenis erT-erT

sastumroSi segres, bauerisa da Cemi saubari moismines

da federalur kanclers moaxsenes. kizingeri Cemi zepiri

ganmartebiT dakmayofilda.

leo baueri gavicani, rogorc memarcxene socialisti.

igi iyo erTaderTi adamiani, romelsac vili brandtic da

herbert veneric megobrad miiCnevdnen. maSin warmodge-

na ar mqonda mis TavgadasavlebiT aRsavse cxovrebaze.

`yovelTvis socialisti viyavi, oRond araswor Zalas

mi vende~. – am lozungiT Sevida 1932 wels axalgazrda

imedgacruebuli social-demokrati germaniis komunis-

tur partiaSi. nacistebis `dacvis mizniT patimrobisgan~

rom gaaTavisufles, 1933 wels praRis gavliT gaiqca pa-

rizSi, iq dahyo 1939 wlamde, gadasaxlebaSi myofi komu-

nisturi partiis mmarTvelobaSi, 1940 wels safrangeTSi

patimrobas Tavi daaRwia da SveicariaSi gaiqca, iq 1942

wels isev daapatimres da cixeSi Casves, 1945 wels gaa-

Tavisufles da germaniaSi gauSves, Semdeg gaxda hesenis

komunisturi partiis fraqciis Tavmjdomare, iyo aRmo-

savleT berlinSi germaniis radios mTavari redaqtori,

1950 wels isev daapatimres da sabWoTa(!) samxedro tri-

bunalma jaSuSobis braldebiT sikvdiliT dasja miusaja,

1953 wels, stalinis sikvdilis Semdeg, ocdaxuTi wliT

gaacimbires da 1955 wels iyo erT-erTi im 10 000 germa-

nel tyveTagan, romlebic adenauerma moskovSi vizitisas

gamoixsna da sabednierod, federaciul respublikaSi ga-

mouSves da ara gdr-Si. Semdeg Sevida social-demokra-

tiul partiaSi da rodesac nanens uari vuTxari Jurnal

`SternSi~ muSaobaze, man Caibara `Sternis~ politikur

216

gamocemad Camoyalibebis saqme. bolos gaxda `noie ge-

zelSaftis~ mTavari redaqtori da Tanmdebobisa da ti-

tulis gareSec iTavsebda social-demokratiul partiisa

da italiis komunisturi partiis urTierTobebis warmo-

madgenlisa da motoris funqcias. 1972 wels, vilis isto-

riul arCevnebamde zustad ori TviT adre, gardaicvala

gansakuTrebiT agresiuli kiboTi.

am memarcxene socialistze naklebad mzakvrul eWve-

bs rodi avrcelebdnen, vidre brandtze da venerze. me

misdami megobrulad viyavi ganwyobili da vafasebdi ro-

gorc mgrZnobiare, inteligent da simpatiur adamians,

romlis cxovrebis gzamac gansazRvra misi cnobiereba da

brandtisa da veneris winaSe sakuTari poziciis Camoyali-

beba SeaZlebina.

`ganze mdgomis kariera – leo baueri komunizmsa da

social-demokratias Soris~ hqvia amasobaSi TiTqmis da-

viwyebuli adamianis biografias, romelic 1983 wels ga-

moica. wignis bolos saTauriT – `social-demokratiu li

partiis tradiciisa da identobis Sesaxeb~ dabeWdilia in-

terviu vili brandtTan, romelSic mas kiTxvebs usvamen

`dRevandeli perspeqtividan~, magram vaimaris respublikis

periodidan dagrovili gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

`CemTvis vaimaridan gamomdinare yvelaze mniSvnelovani

daskvna gaxlavT is, rom uazrod kamaTobdnen imis Tao-

baze, demokratias unda mieniWos upiratesoba Tu so-

cializms~, iwyebs brandti. `orive maTganis istoriuli

marcxi – anda samive maTganis – muSaTa Zveli moZraobis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom omis

Semdeg demokratia sakmarisad ar ganmtkicda. me kvlavac

mwams, rom hitleris Sekaveba SesaZlebeli iqneboda, rom

ara ganxeTqileba muSaTa moZraobaSi. amisaTvis istoriu-

217

li pasuxismgebloba gansakuTrebiT mZimed ekisreba germa-

niis komunistur partias da moskovis hegemonias. muSaTa

moZraobas mTlianobaSi ar gaaCnda sakmarisad ganviTare-

buli urTierToba demokratiul xelisuflebasTan~.

rodesac brandts `gamocdilebis saerTo horizonti~

uxsenes, ganagrZo: `TaobisTvis damaxasiaTebel fons mT-

lianobaSi seriozulad unda SevxedoT. ara mxolod leo

da CemsaviT memarcxene socialistebi da yofili komu-

nistebi, aramed Cveni Tanatolebis umravlesobac, romle-

bic social-demokratebad darCnen, Cvens droSi Tavs

grZnobdnen muSaTa im moZraobis memkvidreebad, romelic

msoflio omis dros gaixliCa da yvela imedovnebda isev

gamTlianebas~.

mravlismetyvelia, rom yofili komunisti veneri am

gansjisas ar uxsenebia. veneri bauerze eqvsi wliT ufrosi

gaxldaT, es ukanaskneli ki zustad erTi wliT ufrosi iyo

brandtze. asea Tu ise, brandtma 1983 wels am interviuTi

daamtkica, rom mkafiod axsovda omisa da misi Semdgomi pe-

riodi. da gamoamJRvna azrovnebis saocari Tanmimdevroba

– 1946 wels, rodesac social-demokratiuli partiis Sve-

deTis jgufis wamyvani wevri iyo, Tavis Sved megobrebs Seu-

Tvala: `faqtia, rom erTiani muSaTa moZraobis Seqmnis San-

si germaniaSi uSualod hitleris reJimis dacemis Semdeg

arsebobda da es Sansi ar gamoyenebula~. ase werda, roca

berlinSi administraciulad mzaddeboda germaniis komu-

nisturi partiis da social-demokratiuli partiis Serwy-

ma. 1983 wels micemul interviuSi sinanuli gamoxata, rom

maTi ricxvi mcirdeba, vinc jer kidev `babelis droindeli

partiis~ wevrebs icnobda. maSin rom vinmes eTqva, mxolod

ramdenime weli gava da komunistebis papi moskovSi mxars

dagiWers muSaTa moZraobis gaxleCvis daZlevaSio, albaT

giJad Seracxavda.

218

*

1985 wels mixeil gorbaCovi Sevida kremlSi rogorc skkp-s

generaluri mdivani. mas da brandts Soris sami Sexvedra

1985, 1988 da 1989 wlebSi Sedga. es Sexvedrebi social-de-

mokratebsa da komunistebs Soris urTierTobebis ama-

Relvebel da daumTavrebel monakveTs warmoadgens. pir-

veli Sexvedra martivad warimarTa, brandtis da palmes

komisiebis muSaobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas daeT-

mo. orive dokumenti erTnairad afasebda axlad warmo-

qmnil globalur socialur sakiTxebs, orive maTgani

social-demokratebis Sedgenili iyo. amitom, brandtma

Sexvedrisas sifrTxile gamoiCina. mas ar gamohparvia,

rom gorbaCovs Tavisi partiisTvis axali mimzidvelobis

miniWeba da stalinis mier Cadenili danaSaulebis Semdeg

leninis ideebis gacocxleba surda. brandts misi xedva

sulac ar mosCvenebia mimzidvelad.

am ambidan cota xnis Semdeg aRelvebulma mivirbine

vilisTan da gorbaCovis bolo gancxadebis nawyveti wa-

vukiTxe: `demokratia iseve gvWirdeba, rogorc haeri

sunTqvisTvis~. amiT gadawydeba istoriuli brZola evo-

luciasa da proletariatis diqtaturas Soris-meTqi.

brandtma gamafrTxila, sajarod araferi Tqvao: `nu ga-

vurTulebT gorbaCovs isedac rTul saqmes~.

meore Sexvedrisas gorbaCovma xazi gausva, araferi ma-

qvs social-demokratebTan TanamSromlobis sawinaaRmde-

goo, gindac partiebs gansxvavebuli poziciebi hqondeT

da TviT sazRvravdnen TavianT gzaso. winadadebiT ga-

movida, orive partiidan ramdenime axalgazrdam scados

da muSaTa moZraobis ganxeTqilebis sakiTxi daamuSaoso.

es winadadeba momxibvlelic gaxldaT da Tan uaRresad

219

saSiSic. erTis mxriv vgrZnobdi, roca vilis vuyureb-

di, rogor wonida pasuxs – misi gaumxeleli ocnebebi

gadamdebi xdeboda. meore mxriv ki, qveynis SigniT, haer-

Sive gagvbrdRvnidnen. ukve warmovidgine, rogor dabeW-

davdnen Tavidan adenaueris siZulviliT aRsavse plakats:

`socializmis yvela gzas moskovSi mivyavarT~. rogorc

yovelTvis, usityvod gavugeT erTmaneTs. vilim Caila-

paraka: `egoni Zalian nerviulad wrialebs skamze, mgoni

raRacis Tqma unda~. Cemi winadadeba, jer SeiaraRebis

konkretul Semcirebaze da evropuli saxlis mowyobaze

gveyara kenWi, orives moewona.

gorbaCovma mainc gadawyvita, diskusiaze marqsis-

tul-leninisturi elita gamoeyvana, romelsac socia-

listuri internacionalis `revizionisti~ Tavmjdomare

uxelmZRvanelebda. brandtma aRiara, `kapitali~ bolomde

ar wamikiTxavso. marqsma verc eleqtroZravi iwinaswamety-

vela da verc atomis birTvis gaxleCao. didi moazrovne

iyo da iqnebao, magram social-demokratiuli partiebis

warmateba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom daxuruli sis-

tema ar aqvT, yovelTvis cdiloben aucilebeli SesaZle-

blad aqciono. fexi ar moicvala evoluciis principidan.

gamoxmaureba ver miiRo. ideologiuri elitis wevrebi

moumzadeblebi aRmoCdnen.

mesame SexvedrisTvis brandtma social-demokratiu-

li partiis programis saTaurebi aTargmnina. gorbaCovma

waikiTxa da aRfrTovanebulma upasuxa: `es Cemi Temebia~.

brandtma amjerad ufro cxadad gaumxila Tavisi ime-

di da xedva: socializmis dasasrulis Sesaxeb laparakis

magivrad, erTxel unda iTqvas, rom dedamiwis erT did

nawilSi axla igi Tavidan iwyebao. gorbaCovma Semde-

gi daskvna gamoitana: `daaxloebis procesi unda ganvi-

220

Tardes. 1914 wels momxdari gaxleCvis daZleva SesaZle-

belia~.

moskovidan rom vbrundebodiT, brandti gzaSi Ca-

fiqrebuli iyo. mixeil sergeeviC gorbaCovis saxiT igi

Sexvda kacs, romelic, mis msgavsad, gabedulad cdilobda

`axali azrovnebis~ gariskvas, da Tan hqonda Zalaufle-

ba, romelic TviTon arasodes eqneboda. masSi socialist-

ma gaiRviZa: `idea ver mokvdeba, sanam bavSvebi SimSiliT

ixocebian~.

ara mxolod komisiis Sedegebma gadaswia misi pozi-

cia mar cxniv, aramed mis Sesaxeb diskusiamac, maT Soris

konservatoruli mTavrobebis da industriis warmomad-

genlebis mxridan, rasac brandti dacinvad aRiqvamda. `er-

Toblivi usafrTxoebis~ idea da saSinel usamarTlobaze

miniSneba, rom SeiaraRebaze giJuri Tanxebi ixarjeboda

da amave dros TiTqmis araferi siRaribis dasaZlevad, mas

meocnebeobad CamoarTves. awyenines, magram ver Seadrkes.

qarizmatul gorbaCovTan erTad mas axali imedi Caesaxa:

`es Sors wagviyvans~. organizebuli sigiJe organizebul

gonierebaSi gadaizrdeboda, mis sakuTar qveyanaSic ki.

man mkiTxa: `ras ityvian Seni Zmebi aRmosavleT berlinSi?~

vupasuxe: `maTTvis sasiamovno ar iqneba, magram es gza so-

cial-demokratiuli da erTiani socialisturi partiebis

erTobliv dokumentSi moniSnulia~. brandtis molodinma

istoriuli ganzomileba SeiZina: `Tuki komunistebi mar-

jvniv gaiwevian, social-demokratebs Sexvdebian. es ki

social-demokratias evropaSi did Sanss gauCens~. pirve-

lad ar iyo, misgan rom gavigone: `rac ufro vberdebi,

miT ufro memarcxene vxdebi~.

221

*

kedlis dangrevis meore dRes, 1989 wlis 10 noembers vili

da me berlinSi `Cveni~ Sionebergis ratuSis win gamarTul

did mitingze wavediT. baraTze ramdenime fraza CainiSna,

maT Soris: `axla erwymis erTmaneTs, rac ganuyofelia~.

oc weliwadze meti xnis Semdeg wavikiTxe Slezvig-holS-

tainis social-demokratiuli partiis politikosis, gert

biorzenis statiaSi, rom brandts 1961 wels, kedlis aSe-

nebidan maleve uTqvams berlinis parlamentSi, rom `rac

ganuyofelia, is aucileblad Seirwymebao~. es aris Cem

mier xSirad aRmoCenili unari brandtisa – mas SeeZlo mo-

gonebebi miebarebina gonisTvis da maSin gamoeZaxa, roca

dasWirdeboda. kidev erTi, ukve naxsenebi magaliTia,

roca 1960 wels hanoverSi yrilobaze gamosvlis momzade-

bisas gaaxsenda 1957 wels Cemi naTqvami germaniis atomuri

SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb, romelzec aRar gvisaubria. da mesame

magaliTi: 1969 wels misi pirveli mTavrobis programidan:

`meti demokratia gavbedoT!~, romelmac furori moaxdina

da dasabami daudo debatebs, vis SeeZlo Tavi moewonebina,

rom wvlili Seitana germaniaSi demokratiis gansamtkice-

blad. norvegiis kunZul utozize anders breivikis Sem-

zaravi danaSaulis Semdeg, norvegiis premier-ministrma

Tqva: `meti demokratia unda gavbedoT!~. amis Semdeg eWvi

aRar mepareba, ra aris am fundamenturi gamonaTqvamis wy-

aro.

1990 wlis 3 oqtombris gaerTianebis Semdeg federa-

lurma kanclerma helmut kolma samomavlo did miznad

Sida gaerTianeba gamoacxada. yvela mravalricxovani par-

tia uWerda mas mxars. bundestagis sagamoZiebo komisiaze

ki aRniSna: `CemTvis rom ekiTxaT, vici, rasac vuzamdi

222

Stazis oqmebso~. samwuxarod, misTvis ar ukiTxavT, magam

misi Sefaseba Zalian hgavda brandtisas: espaneTSi samoqa-

laqo omi daiwyeboda, germanuli meTodiT rom exelmZRva-

nelaT. da : `aRmosavleT germanelebi ar SeiZleboda imave

sazomiT gagvezoma, rogorc mesame raixisgan darCenile-

bi~. helmut Smidtmac msgavsi azri Camoayaliba: `sazianoa,

rom 1990 wlis Semdeg komunistebs uaresad moveqeciT,

vidre nacistebs 1945 wlis Semdeg~. genSeri da lafonte-

nic am Zalian did koalicias ekuTvnodnen. magram am koa-

liciam Tavisi ver gaitana aRmosavleT germaniis moqa-

laqeTa uflebadamcvelebis survilis winaaRmdeg, ramac

dasavleT germaniaSi Seqmna STabeWdileba, rom Stazi da

gdr erTi da igive iyo. ase daiyvnen Zmebi da debi aRmo-

savlelebad da dasavlelebad da oci wlis Semdegac imaze

vfiqrobT, rodis mivaRwevT Tanasworuflebianobas.

223

is, rac rCeba

brandtis Temebi dResac aqtualuria: 2013 wels msoflio

amocanis winaSe dgas, miaRwios stabilurobas aziis uzar-

mazar kontinentze, es TiTqmis iseTive konfliqtia, ro-

goric aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris dapirispirebi-

sas warmoSva evropaSi orma super-saxelmwifom. brandtis

mTavari gzavnili dResac ZalaSia: – mSvidoba yvelaferi

ar aris, magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia.

rodesac man es winadadeba Camoayaliba, msoflio ver war-

moidgenda, rom vaSingtonsa da moskovSi saxelmwifo moR-

vaweebs eyofodaT sibrZne, pasuxismgebloba da goniereba,

civi omis sazRvrebs miRma emociebs ar ahyolodnen.

aziis sakiTxi kidev ufro rTulia. marTalia, mxolod

or did saxelmwifos xelewifeba interkontinentaluri

atomuri raketebiT reagireba, magram isini brZanebebs ve-

Rar gascemen da verc TviTon gadawyveten, rogor unda

moiqcnen maTi dacvis qveS myofni, megobrebi Tu mekav-

Sireebi. gindac CineTis atomur iaraRs ar SeeZlos sapa-

suxo dartymis ganxorcieleba, es axali super-saxelmwifo

sakmarisad Zlieria, rom ar daemorCilos vaSingtonisa da

moskovis miTiTebebs. igive iTqmis indoeTsa da pakistanze

da atomuri iaraRis armqone indoneziasa da iaponiaze da,

Tu gnebavT, avstraliasa da axal zelandiazec ki.

224

albaT barak obamas mier moskovis mimarT amerikis

sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis gardaqmna konfron-

taciis reJimidan kooperaciis reJimze ufro Zlier glo-

balur ganzomilebas SeiZens. rac samocdaaTiani wlebis

dasawyisSi warmatebuli aRmoCnda, axla Tavidan unda

iswavlos bevrma: demokratia da adamianis uflebebi ki

ara, arc Tavisufleba, aramed mSvidoba unda gaxdes glo-

baluri movlena da umaRlesi Rirebuleba. im partniore-

bis mimarTac, romlebic ar iziareben dasavluri demokra-

tiis struqturas, dialogi rCeba erTaderT saSualebad,

raTa gonivrulad mogvardes konfliqtebi da dabalans-

des interesebi. vercerTi didi globaluri Tu regio-

naluri problema ver gadaiWreba samxedro gziT. Zalis

argamoyeneba isev aqtualuri Temaa, ara mxolod rogorc

sustis Zlieri mxare, aramed rogorc safuZveli imisa,

rom gavumklavdeT did, globalur pasuxismgeblobas.

ucnauri sulac ar yofila – rogorc megobarma vkiTxe

vilis ufros vaJs, peters, ras fiqrob, rom Seiqmnas sa-

diskusio wre, romelic ganixilavs, Tu ra darCeba ma-

maSenis politikuri Sexedulebebisgan-meTqi. garda amisa,

vkiTxe giunter grass, kritikul megobars, romelic im

momentSi social-demokratiul partiasTan urTierTo-

bis kidev erT mZime fazas gadioda. man maSinve ganacxa-

da Tanxmoba monawileobaze. ase Seikriba gaerTianebuli

qveynis orive nawilis warmomadgenlebisgan jgufi, in-

teleqtualurad damoukidebeli adamianebi, zogs hqonda

bma partiasTan da zogs ara, magram yvela iziarebda vili

brandtis pozicias, rom centridan marcxniv unda gveca-

da Zalauflebasa da sulierebas Soris napralis amovseba.

vili brandtis sazogadoebis damaarseblebs Soris iyvnen

giunter gauzi da krista volfi, dRes arcerTi cocxa-

225

li aRaraa, qristine homan-denhardti, iens raixi, klaus

steki da fridrix Sorlmeri, romelic karga xania war-

marTavs Cvens Sexvedrebs. Temebi ar gveleva.

vilim 1971 wels dabadebis dReze hainrix briuningis

mogonebebi maCuqa minaweriT: `ase ara!~ maSin, 1930 wels,

ekonomikuri krizisis yvelaze mwvave wertilze, gadaWar-

bebulma dazogvis politikam respublikis mowinaaRmde-

geebi gaaZliera, demokratia daasusta da misi dasasruli

gamoiwvia. roca Zalian bevri adamiani gaWirvebulia da

imeds kargavs, demokratia safrTxeSia. amas vxedavT sa-

berZneTSi, mas garedan sagareo-politikuri wnexic emate-

ba, rac qveynis Rirsebas laxavs.

misi `ase ara!~ dRevandelobaze rom gadmovitanoT, mia-

niSnebs: demokratias safrTxe mxolod evropul doneze

ar emuqreba. adamianebs esmiT, rom ekonomikis, valutisa

da vaWrobis sakiTxebi erovnulma saxelmwifoebma, ro-

melTa arsebobac aucilebelia, evropas gadaabares. ma-

gram rigiTi moqalaqe eqsperti ar aris, rom finansuri

konstruqciebis, saxelmwifoebis dafinansebis an bankebis

gadasarCeni koncefciebis ricxvebisa da sityvebis domxa-

li gaSifros. Tuki ar daezara da waikiTxa, Seityobs,

rom dapirispirebaa evrokavSiris sabWos, evrokavSiris

komisias da evropis parlaments Soris, romelic xalxis

warmomadgenlobis sruli uflebamosilebisTvis ibrZvis.

mokled rom vTqvaT: sul ufro meti adamiani grZnobs,

rom evropis didi idea iqca biurokratiuli aparatebis

gaugebar brZolad kompetenciisTvis. Tuki es adamianebi

zurgs Seaqceven evropis ideas, misi sulic Caqreba.

demokratia evropuli gamogonebaa. politikuri Za-

laufleba umaRlesi xelisuflis, xalxis mier Tavisufa-

li arCevnebis saSualebiT gadaecema mTavrobas, da ara

226

bazars. politikam sazogadoebis interesebi unda war-

moadginos. amas ki mxolod maSin SeZlebs, rodesac eko-

nomikas kanonebis saSualebiT dauwesebs CarCoebsa da

wesebs, romelTa SigniTac maT SeuZliaT TavianT mogeba-

ze orientirebuli interesebis gatareba. sxva sityvebiT

rom vTqvaT: demokratia bazarze ufro maRla unda idges.

xist realobaSi finansebis ekonomikam aTwleulebis

gasayaramde aRmoaCina SesaZlebloba, ganecalkevebi na

fuli produqciisgan. msoflio masStabis sixarbem vir-

tu aluri fulis mosapoveblad sapnis buSti Seqmna. ro-

desac igi gaskda, bankebis gadasarCenad saxelmwifos meti

aravin aRmoCnda. misma gadasarCenma paketebma manamde

war moudgeneli Tanxebi Seadgina da saxelmwifoebma Ta-

vic da sakuTari moqalaqeebic valebSi gadaagdes. ase

usas rulod ver gagrZeldeba. vin an ram unda gadaarCinos

bo los Tavad saxelmwifoebi?

vili brandtis lozungs `meti demokratia gavbedoT!~

angela merkelma daupirispira `meti Tavisufleba gavbe-

doT!~. am parolma migviyvana misi `Zalauflebis mimarT

konformistul politikamde~. bazarma saxelmwifoebi

aqeT-iqiT aburTava an sareitingo agenturebis saSuale-

biT CamoaqveiTa. amocana Semdegia: SevqmnaT `politiku-

rad konformistuli bazari~. germanias, rogorc ekono-

mikurad yvelaze Zlier saxelmwifos evropis centrSi,

gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba. man unda moi-

povos Cveni evropeli mezoblebis mxardaWera am miznis

misaRwevad. mezobel qveynebSi sul ufro da ufro ukeT

esmiT, rom Cveni kontinenti Tavis raobas dakargavs, de-

mokratia Tu daikarga. aseTi orientaciiT evropas jer

kidev sakmao wona aqvs am multipolarul samyaroSi. ar-

cerTma saxelmwifom ar unda gadaiRos dasavluri de-

227

mokratiis modeli imisTvis, rom bazari dauqvemdebaros

politikas. am orientaciisTvis globaluri konsensusi

albaT Sedgeba.

JorJ sorosi, warmoSobiT ungreli, amerikis moqalaqe,

sabWoTa sistemis CamoSlis Semdeg gvafrTxilebda, rom

kapitalizmic SeiZleba CamoiSalos, Tuki reformirebis

unars dakargavs. finansuri ekonomikis meqanizmebSi Caxe-

dulobis wyalobiT, man kidev bevri miliardi dolari

iSova: gaumarjos kapitalizms, sanam igi cocxalia! ise

Cans, TiTqos sorosi marTalia, TiTqos marTlac sis-

temis krizisTan gvqonda saqme da ara mxolod sistemis

SecdomasTan. dasavleTSi arsebobs kapitalizmis refor-

mirebis demokratiuli sawyisebi. misgan damoukideblad

msoflios didi nawili `Tavis~ kapitalizms ganaviTarebs.

Cveni aTaswleulis erT-erT yvelaze did gamowve-

vas warmoadgens interneti. igi ukve imaze metad cvlis

Cvens cxovrebas, vidre Tavis droze wignis beWdvis ga-

mogonebam Secvala. didi xani dasWirda, sanam adamianebis

umravlesoba wera-kiTxvas iswavlida. interneti cxovre-

bas aiolebs, magram axal kriminalur potencials qmnis

da rogorc istoriis yvela teqnikuri xasiaTis gardate-

xa, samxedro gamoyenebis axal SesaZleblobebsac avlens.

erT-erT maTgans kiber-omi ewodeba, ukve ramdenjerme

gamoicada da mas uaRresad gasaidumloebulad inaxaven.

xom viciT, romeli qveyana romel axal unarebs aviTarebs.

qselis gakontrolebis nebismieri mcdeloba aqamde uSe-

dego aRmoCnda, iqneba es amerika, nato, germania, ruseTi

Tu CineTi.

yvela, vinc usazRvro digitaluri teqnologiiT ukav-

Sirdeba erTmaneTs, msoflio masStabiT da erTdrou-

lad imyofeba erTsa da imave sainformacio doneze da

228

SeuZlia aqtiuri komunikacia. arabuli gazafxuli am qse-

lis arsebobis Sedegia, iseve, rogorc – erovnuli niS-

niT gansxvavebuli – emansipirebuli moqalaqis ajanyeba

mTel msoflioSi – amerikidan CineTamde. magram qselis

momwodeblis mier momxmareblis da sajaro sivrcis mani-

pulirebis SesaZleblobac gaizarda.

axal teqnologiebs iaraRis axali sistemebi moaqvs.

isini mizans ufro azusteben, globaluri wvdomac aqvT

da atomuri iaraRis strategiuli gavlenac. dronebis

farTo arsenalis saSualebiT da komunikaciis usazR-

vro teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT mkvlelobis masStabic

usazRvroa. SegviZlia virwmunoT, rom es teqnika amerikis

monopoliad ar darCeba.

Cveni saukunis axali gamowvevebi mxolod teqnologiu-

ri an samxedro xasiaTis ar gaxlavT, igi exeba garemosac,

razedac aseve gaamaxvila yuradReba brandtis komisiam.

msoflio masStabiT savalalod mcirdeba wylis maragi da

Tuki globaluri daTbobis procesi saukunis bolomde

oTx graduss miaRwevs, yvela saxelmwifo iZulebuli

gaxdeba gaerTiandes gadarCenis saerTo interesis garSe-

mo.

`marcxniv da Tavisufali~, ase aRwera vili brandtma

Tavisi cxovrebis gza 1930-dan 1950 wlamde – liubekidan

berlinamde, memarcxene socialistidan social-demokra-

tamde. wigni exeba brZolas calkeuli adamianis Tavisu-

flebisTvis da iseTi sazogadoebisTvis, sadac ar iqneba

siduxWire. da igi mogviTxrobs imedze, rom ufro samarT-

liani da mSvidobiani iqneba msoflio, romelsac erTxel

ukve gaucrua imedebi reaqciulma sibnelem, istoriis-

gan daclilma sibecem da saxifaTo ambiciebma. Sedegad

evropis didi nawili ganadgurda, rasac dRemde vimkiT.

229

`samomavlod kidev ufro saSineli ram moxdeba, Tu ar

vizrunebT, Tavidan aviciloT mesame msoflio omi~. ase

mTavrdeba winasityva, romelic brandtma am wigns 1982

wlis gazafxulze warumZRvara. ocdaaTi wlis Semdegac

aqtualuria misi sityvebi: `mSvidoba yvelaferi ar aris,

magram mSvidobis gareSe yvelaferi araferia~.

wignSi gamoyenebuli fotoebi warmoadgens Semdegi

pirebisa da organizaciebis sakuTrebas:

barbara klemi 14xelovnebis, kulturisa da istoriis fotosaagento (bpk)/hans

hubmani 9federaluri fotoarqivi 12germaniis sainformacio saagento (dpa) 3, 5, 11, 13, 19i.h. darxingeri / fridrix ebertis fondi 7berlinis miwis arqivi 1 (Siutci 69347), 4 (Suberti, 77510)

gamomcemloba „Spigeli“ 8ulStainis fotoebi 2, 6, 10, 15-18

wigni dakabadonda gamomcemloba `inteleqtSi~

iSBn 978-9941-482-19-9

Tbilisi, p. CanCibaZis quCa 6 ( 214 34 01, 577 33 38 57stamba.damani@gmail.com

stamba damani / Print House damani

1. maT erTmaneTi moswonT. meore msoflio omis Semdeg mSobliur qalaqSi pirvelad Camosul marlene ditrixs berlinis mmarTveli meri vili brandti ratuSaSi esalmeba.

2. germaneli kenedi? mmarTveli meri stumrad jon kenedisTan TeTr saxlSi, 1962 weli.

3. brandenburgis karibWesTan senatis kancelariis SefTan hainrix albertcTan (marjvniv) erTad.

4. aSS-Si mogzaurobidan dabrunebisas tempelhofis aeroportSi.

5. didi koaliciis kanclerTan kurt georg kizingerTan brandts TavSekavebuli damokidebuleba hqonda. erCivna, yoveldRiuri urTierToba fraqciis TavmjdomarisTvis, helmut SmidtisTvis miendo.

6. partiis yriloba 1969 wlis aprilSi bad godesbergSi. xuTi Tvis Tavze brandtma Tavisufal demokratebTan koaliciis Seqmna gadawyvita da igi kanclerad airCies.

7. xumrobisTvis kancleris aparatSi dro iSviaTad gvaqvs, magram Tuki stumari igvianebs...

8. Jurnal „Spigelis“ yda 1970 wlis 9 Tebervals. ukana planze tintoretos naxati – doJisa da brwyinvale diplomatis paolo tiepolos portreti, romelic kizingerma SearCia kancleris kabinetisTvis. brandtma Segnebulad gaagrZela adenaueris Semdeg damkvidrebuli tradicia da araferi Seucvlia Tavis samuSao oTaxSi.

9. moskovis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris win kremlSi 1970 wlis 12 agvistos. sanam brandti da kosigini raRacas arkveven, ukana rigebSi ukve mxiaruloben.

10. moskovis aeroportSi valentin falinTan erTad.

11. usafrTxoebis mrCevelTan henri kisinjerTan TanamSromloba male iqca ndobiT aRsavse urTierTobad.

12. germanul-germanuli molaparakebebi mixael kolTan mdored miedineboda da xSirad gviwevda pirispir Sexvedra.

13. simpaTia pirveli naxvisaTanave da ruT brandtis xelis usasrulod xangrZlivi ambori – breJnevi 1971 wels bonSi.

14. marjvniv Sefebi sxedan, marcxniv momlaparakeblebi, romelTac Tarjimani ar sWirdebaT. breJnevi da gromiko 1973 wlis maisSi bonSi, petersbergze.

15. „Cven yvelas gviyvarxar!“ daiZaxa venerma fraqciis TandaswrebiT brandtis gadadgomis Semdeg. misi saxe yvelaferze metyvelebs.

16. gaucxoeba aSkaraa – 1975 wels partiis yrilobaze manhaimSi.

17. cal-calke da mainc erTad saxelmwifosa da partiis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis gamo. brandti da Smidti 1982 wels.

18. megobari milocavs 70 wlis iubiles 1992 wels.

19. axali imedebis molodinSi: brandti da gorbaCovi bonSi 1989 wels.