Final Smart Grid Roadmap - Vietnamese

L Trnh 10 Nm Cho Li in

Phn Phi Thng Minh ti Vit Nam

Bo Co Chnh Thc

Ngy 30 thng 1 nm 2012

Ahmad Faruqui

Ryan Hledik

Khanh Nguyen

c lp cho TNG CNG TY IN LC MIN BC, VIT NAM

The Brattle Group 1

MC LC TM TT ...................................................................................................................................... 2 GII THIU ................................................................................................................................. 5 PHN I: CC PHNG N U T VO LI IN THNG MINH ......................... 8

Cc Phng n u T AMI ..................................................................................................... 8 Thnh Phn C Bn ................................................................................................................ 8 Xu Hng Quc T ............................................................................................................... 10 Cc Thch Thc .................................................................................................................... 12 Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti ti Vit Nam ................................................................................ 13 nh Gi Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti ..................................................................................... 15

Cc Phng n u T T ng Ha Phn Phi in .......................................................... 16 Cc Thnh Phn C Bn ....................................................................................................... 16 Cc Thch Thc .................................................................................................................... 18 Xu Hng Quc T ............................................................................................................... 19 Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti Vit Nam ................................................................................. 21 nh Gi Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti ..................................................................................... 21

c Tnh Chi Ph u T Li in Thng Minh .................................................................. 22 PHN II: CC MC TIU CA LI IN THNG MINH .......................................... 23

Cc Mc Tiu Ngn Hn .......................................................................................................... 23 Cc Mc Tiu Trung Hn ......................................................................................................... 24 Cc Mc Tiu Di Hn ............................................................................................................. 25 Cc Mc Tiu ca Li in Thng Minh trong Bi Cnh Vit Nam .................................... 26 Vic Dnh u Tin Cc Mc Tiu Li in Thng Minh ca Bn Lin Quan Vit Nam .... 27

PHN III: PHNG PHP TRIN KHAI LI IN THNG MINH THEO GIAI ON ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Giai on I: a Ra Quyt nh u T vo Li in Thng Minh (Nm 1 n nm 3) ... 30 Bc 1: Thu Thp D Liu H Thng Quan Trng ............................................................. 30 Bc 2: Tin Hnh Th Nghim v Cc D n Th im .................................................. 31 Bc 3: nh Gi Kinh T ................................................................................................... 32

Giai on II: Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh (Nm th 3 n nm th 10) ..................... 35 Bc 1: Thit lp chnh sch to iu kin cho vic chuyn i li in thng minh .. 36 Bc 2: Trin khai cng ngh v cc chng trnh .............................................................. 40 Bc 3: Theo di v nh gi vic trin khai ....................................................................... 41

PHN IV: CC KHUYN NGH S B ............................................................................... 42 Thu Thp D Liu Khch Hng B Sung ................................................................................ 42 M Rng Trin Khai AMI Trong Cc Khch Hng C&I ......................................................... 43 Tin Hnh Th im Li in Thng Minh cho Cc Khch Hng Nh ............................... 43 nh Gi v Trin Khai DA trn Quy M Hn Ch ................................................................ 44 Kt lun ..................................................................................................................................... 44

CC NGUN THNG TIN B SUNG ................................................................................... 45 PH LC A: PHIN DCH CA MT S HNH ................................................................ 47 PH LC B: GII QUYT CC NHN XT TI HI THO ......................................... 48 PH LC C: BO CO NH GI BAN U ................................................................... 54

The Brattle Group 2

TM TT

Thch thc v Nng Lng i vi Vit Nam Ngnh in lc Vit Nam ang tng trng vi tc nhanh, nhu cu cao im gia tng 14 phn trm mi nm. Mc d y l du hiu tch cc i vi c s tng trng kinh t v cng cuc in kh ha, s tng trng ny cng em n cc thch thc. Tnh trng mt in v ct in lun phin thng xuyn xy ra, do s c thit b hoc thiu ngun cung. Cc tn tht trn ng dy truyn ti, mc d ang ci thin, vn phn nh s thiu hiu qu trong cc thnh phn mng li. Thm vo , cc cng ty in lc quc gia (PC) ang thua l. Mt phng n ci thin hot ng ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam l u t vo li in thng minh. Li in thng minh th hin vic nng cp h thng in hin ti thng qua mt lot cc cng ngh v chng trnh tin tin mi. Cc cng ngh ny s cho php qun l li in thng minh hn, pht hin v ng ph sm vi vic mt in, v gip khch hng s dng nng lng khn ngoan hn, ch yu thng qua kh nng thng tin hai chiu. Thch thc quan trng l vic xc nh cc kha cnh cn u t ca li in thng minh, v c rt nhiu hng pht trin kh d. Mc ch ca L Trnh ny l nhm cung cp k hoch thc tin cho vic u t vo li in thng minh ti Vit Nam. Cc Phng n u T vo Li in Thng Minh C bn loi phng n p dng c s h tng o in nng tin tin (AMI) dnh cho cc PC Vit Nam. y l cc ng dng giao tip vi khch hng c mc hiu qu ty thuc vo nhn thc v s tham gia ca khch hng:

o in nng thng minh, o v truyn t thng tin v tiu th in nng trong cc khong thi gian ngn (thng t 15 pht n mt gi).

Mc gi thay i theo thi gian, chng hn nh mc gi theo thi gian s dng hoc mc gi linh ng, phn nh chnh xc hn chi ph thc t ca vic cung cp in trong ngy.

Thng tin nng lng nng cao, cung cp cho khch hng cc thng tin chi tit khch hng c th ch ng iu tit vic tiu th in ca h.

iu khin ph ti tin tin, bao gm cc cng ngh gip khch hng t ng gim mc tiu th in nng trong gi cao gi.

Ngoi ra, vic trin khai t ng ha li in phn phi (DA) s cho php thc hin bn chc nng mi trn h thng phn phi. Vic t c cc chc nng ny hon ton ph thuc vo vic nng cp cng ngh v khng cn s tham gia ca khch hng:

Thu thp d liu chi tit (thng trong thi gian thc) v tnh trng ca h thng phn phi (Thng Tin)

Phn tch v trnh by d liu ny gip ch cho ngi vn hnh h thng (Phn Tch)

iu khin t xa cc im trn h thng m trong trng hp khc s c iu khin bng tay (iu Khin T Xa)

The Brattle Group 3

T ng ng ph vi cc bin c xy ra vi li in m khng cn s can thip ca con ngi (iu Khin T ng)

Cc Mc Tiu ca Li in Thng Minh xc nh danh mc phng n li in thng minh ph hp, iu quan trng l thit lp mc tiu ca vic trin khai. Thng qua vic nh gi hin trng ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam, cc mc tiu sau c khuyn ngh l mc tiu ngn hn, trung hn v di hn.1

Bng 1: Cc Mc Tiu ca Li in Thng Minh cho Vit Nam

Ngn Hn Trung Hn Di Hn

Gim ct in do thiu ngun Gim tn tht Tit kim chi ph lao ng/vn

hnh

Qun l vic mt in Trao quyn cho khch hng

Ci thin s n nh ti chnh ca cc PC

Trnh chi ph u t pht trin ngun

Ci thin kh nng d bo v lp k hoch ph ti

Kt hp cc ngun in ti to v ngun in phn tn

Gim tnh trng n cp in

Phng Php Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh Theo Giai on C nhiu hot ng then cht s cn c tin hnh m bo vic trin khai li in thng minh thnh cng, tuy nhin tm tng qut, vic trin khai li in thng minh c th c chia thnh hai giai on. Giai on u tin tp trung vo cc hot ng then cht cn thit a ra quyt nh u t hiu qu nht v chi ph. Mc d c rt nhiu cch u t kh d, iu quan trng l phi tin hnh phn tch chi tit xc nh cc c hi c gi tr nht. Giai on th hai tp trung vo vic trin khai li in thng minh trn ton h thng in. Vic ny khng ch bao gm theo di v nh gi vic trin khai, m cn bao gm cc chnh sch phi c thit lp to iu kin cho vic chuyn i li in thng minh (chng hn nh cc mc tiu, quy tc v tiu chun, khon thanh ton khch l v u i v qun l). Bn tm tt phng php trin khai li in thng minh theo hai giai on xut c tm tt trong Hnh 1.

1 Lu rng cc li ch mi trng c cho l kt qu ca nhiu trong s cc mc tiu ny.

The Brattle Group 4

Thi hn (nm):

Thu Thp D Liu

Tin Hnh Th im

nh Gi Kinh T

Lp Chnh Sch

Trin Khai Cng Ngh

Theo Di & nh Gi

GIAI ON I:Quyt nh u T

1 2 3 4 105 6 7 8 9

Quyt nh u t c th c a ra sau 2 n 3 nm k t thi im bt u

Vic trin khai ton din c th cn 5 n 7 nm

GIAI ON II:Trin Khai

Hnh 1: Phng Php Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh Hai Giai on

Cc Khuyn Ngh S B

Mc d c th a ra kt lun c th v cc phng n u t ti u vo li in thng minh cho Vit Nam cn thu thp thm d liu v thc hin nh gi kinh t chi tit hn, vic nh gi hin trng ca ngnh in lc gip a ra cc khuyn ngh s b. Cc khuyn ngh ny c tm tt trong Bng 2.

The Brattle Group 5

Bng 2: Cc Khuyn Ngh S B

Danh Mc Khuyn Ngh

Thu Thp Thng Tin B Sung

M rng n lc nghin cu v thu thp d liu v ph ti

Tin hnh nghin cu v gi tr ca ph ti b mt hiu r hn v tn tht gy ra bi vic mt in i vi khch hng v nn kinh t

Trin Khai AMI Trong Khch Hng Thng Mi & Cng Nghip (C&I)

Trin khai AMI trn din rng i vi cc khch hng C&I

Cung cp cc mc gi thay i theo thi gian mi cho khch hng C&I c trang b cng t in thng minh Xem xt li thit k v mc gi theo Thi Gian S Dng (TOU) hin hnh Xy dng cc phng n iu tit nhu cu da trn u i cho khch hng C&I Th nghim iu Tit Nhu Cu T ng (Auto-DR) cho khch hng C&I thng qua cc d n th im

Th im Li in Thng Minh cho Khch Hng Nh

Tin hnh th im nh gi v cng ngh cho khch hng nh

nh Gi v Trin Khai DA

Tin hnh nh gi k thut cc c hi DA Trin khai DA ti cc a im c hi t yu t: s hin din ca cc ngnh cng nghip gi tr cao v c tin cy thp

GII THIU

Thch thc v Nng Lng i vi Vit Nam Ngnh in lc Vit Nam ang tng trng vi tc nhanh chng. Nhu cu cao im gia tng 14 phn trm mi nm trong sut thp k va qua. Trong thp k sp ti, d tnh mc u t vo c s h tng mi s vt qu 930 nghn t VND. H thng truyn ti ang c m rng to kt ni mi trong c ni a v cc quc gia lng ging. y l du hiu tch cc ca tng trng kinh t v ci thin mc sng. Vit Nam ang nhanh chng tip cn in kh ha ton din v khch hng ang mua cc thit b in mi chng hn nh t lnh v bp in ci thin ng k i sng thng nht ca h. Tuy nhin, c cc thch thc i vi vic duy tr mc tng trng ny. Tnh trng mt in v ct in lun phin thng xuyn xy ra, do s c thit b hoc thiu ngun cung. Cc tn tht trn ng dy truyn ti, mc d ang c ci thin, vn phn nh s thiu hiu qu trong cc thnh phn ca mng li in. Thm vo , cc cng ty in lc ca quc gia (PC) ang thua l. Mc d ngnh in lc hin ang c ci t nhm gii quyt cc vn ny, cc gii php b sung vn rt cn thit. Mt phng n ci thin hot ng ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam l u t vo li in thng minh. Li in thng minh th hin vic nng cp ca h thng in hin ti thng qua mt lot cc cng ngh v chng trnh tin tin mi. Cc cng ngh ny s cho php qun l

The Brattle Group 6

li in thng minh hn, pht hin v ng ph sm vi vic mt in, v gip khch hng s dng nng lng khn ngoan hn, ch yu thng qua kh nng thng tin hai chiu. Mt thch thc ln l vic xc nh cc kha cnh cn u t ca li in thng minh, v c rt nhiu hng pht trin kh d. Mc ch ca bo co (L Trnh) ny l nhm cung cp mt k hoch thc tin cho vic u t vo li in thng minh ti Vit Nam. Mc ch ca bo co ny l gii trnh cc hn ch hin ti ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam nhm a ra nhng hng dn hu ch cho vic u t vo li in thng minh trong tng lai. L Trnh ny ch l bc u tin trong mt n lc ln hn rt nhiu trin khai li in thng minh trn ton quc. D n ca Chng Ti Thng qua khon ti tr cho D n Phn Phi in Nng Thn ca Ngn Hng Th Gii t C Quan Pht Trin Quc T c (AusAID), Tp on Brattle c thu h tr nm PC phn phi in ca Vit Nam pht trin L Trnh v li in thng minh ny. D n ca chng ti bao gm mt s thnh phn. Chng ti bt u thu thp v phn tch d liu t cc PC nhm pht trin s hiu bit v ngnh in lc Vit Nam. Kt qu ca nghin cu ny cng nh tng quan ban u v li in thng minh v cc li ch ca li in ny c tm tt trong Bo Co nh Gi Ban u. Bo co ny c trnh by cho mi trong nm PC, Cc iu Tit in Lc (ERAV), v Ngn Hng Th Gii trong chuyn thm ko di mt tun ca cc thnh vin i ng Brattle vo thng 9 nm 2011. Trong chuyn thm ny, Brattle cng tin hnh phng vn hiu r hn tnh trng ca li in Vit Nam. Cc pht hin ny cng nh kinh nghim su rng trong ngnh ca Brattle trong vic h tr cng ty in lc v cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ton cu lp k hoch v li in thng minh to c s cho L Trnh D Tho.L Trnh D Tho c trnh by v tho lun ti mt hi tho gia cc bn lin quan ti H Ni vo thng 12. Brattle tng hp cc nhn xt v phn hi nhn c ti hi tho vo bo co ny (xem Ph Lc B bit danh sch chi tit cc nhn xt v cch gii quyt cc vn ). iu quan trng l phi lu rng L Trnh ch tp trung vo vic nng cp li in thng minh cho h thng phn phi. V c bn, iu ny bao gm bt k s nng cp no c th c thc hin t trm bin p cho ti cng t in. V d, o in nng thng minh v t ng ha li in phn phi c bao gm trong d n ny. Chng ti cng nu ra cc chng trnh khch hng p dng li in thng minh. Tuy nhin, phm vi ca L Trnh khng bao gm cc la chn v u t vo nng cp v truyn ti, lu tr in nng trn quy m ln hoc ngun in ti to, v cc hng mc ny khng c coi l thnh phn ca h thng phn phi. Phm vi ca L Trnh cng khng bao gm cc chng trnh tit kim nng lng (EE) v iu tit nhu cu (DR) truyn thng. L do bao gm hai phn. Th nht, cc chng trnh ny thng thng c th t c m khng cn bt k s u t no vo vic nng cp h thng phn phi. V d, chng trnh khuyn khch s dng n hunh quang compact (CFL) khng yu cu nng cp c s h tng. Th hai, cc sng kin EE v DR truyn thng v ang c cc t chc khc thc hin. ERAV ang trong qu trnh xy dng chnh sch iu tit nhu cu v c lut v tit kim nng lng trn ton quc. V cc l do ny, L Trnh s tp trung vo cc chng trnh s dng li in thng minh, tuy nhin nh gi cao cc c hi khi c s trng lp vi cc chng trnh truyn thng.

The Brattle Group 7

T Chc ca L Trnh Kt cu ca L Trnh gm c bn phn. Phn I cung cp ci nhn tng quan v cc phng n u t vo li in thng minh. Phn ny m t li ch ca mi phng n v cung cp v d v cch thc cc quc gia khc trn th gii t c cc li ch ny. Phn II xc nh cc l do u tin hng u ca vic u t vo li in thng minh ti Vit Nam. iu ny nhm tp trung quyt nh u t vo li in thng minh vo cc mc tiu quan trng nht i vi quc gia. Phn III xc nh cc hot ng then cht phi c tin hnh nhm trin khai li in thng minh ti Vit Nam, c t kha cnh a ra quyt nh u t cng nh thc s bt u cc chng trnh/cng ngh. Phn IV trnh by cc khuyn ngh v kt lun s b v cc lnh vc then cht cn c tp trung trong qu trnh pht trin ca quc gia vi vic xy dng li in thng minh.

The Brattle Group 8

PHN I: CC PHNG N U T VO LI IN THNG MINH

Li in phn phi thng minh bao gm mt s thnh phn khc nhau. Nhn chung, vic ny c th c chia thnh hai danh mc ln. Danh mc th nht bao gm tt c cc khon u t lin quan n c s h tng cho vic o in nng tin tin (AMI). iu ny bao gm cc mc gi v chng trnh mi c th c cung cp cho khch hng khi h c trang b cng t in thng minh nhm khuyn khch tiu th nng lng tit kim hn. Danh mc cn li bao gm tt c cc phng n u t lin quan n t ng ha li in phn phi (DA). Cc phng n ny khng lin quan trc tip n vic lm vic vi khch hng, nhng s cung cp cho PC cc phng php ci tin theo di v kim sot s hot ng ca mng li phn phi. Trong mc ny, chng ti m t mi phng n li in thng minh, tm tt phm vi trin khai phng n ti Vit Nam, tho lun v li ch ca mi phng n, a ra v d v cch cc quc gia khc trn th gii t c cc li ch ny, v nu cc thch thc d on c lin quan ti vic trin khai cc phng n ny ti Vit Nam.

Cc Phng n u T AMI

Thnh Phn C Bn

AMI bao gm cc cng t in thng minh v c s h tng i km cn thit h tr cc d liu mi t cc cng t ny (v d nh, h thng thng tin lin lc, tnh ha n v qun l d liu). Trong L Trnh ny, chng ti cng nu ra cc cng ngh v chng trnh mi v sng to c th c cung cp cho khch hng nh vo vic trin khai cng t in thng minh. C bn thnh phn c bn:

o in nng thng minh, o v truyn t thng tin v tiu th in nng trong cc khong thi gian ngn (thng t 15 pht n mt gi).

Mc gi thay i theo thi gian, chng hn nh mc gi theo thi gian s dng hoc

mc gi ng, phn nh chnh xc hn chi ph thc cho vic cung cp in trong ngy.

Thng tin nng lng nng cao, cung cp cho khch hng thng tin chi tit v c th b tc ng v vic tiu th in ca h.

iu khin ph ti tin tin, bao gm cc cng ngh gip khch hng t ng gim

mc tiu th in nng trong gi gi cao. o in Nng Thng Minh o in nng thng minh l vic ci tin phng php o in truyn thng bng cng t c bng hai cch c bn. Th nht, cng t s o v ghi li lng tiu th in trong cc khong thi gian chi tit, cung cp nhiu thng tin hn v thi gian khch hng s dng nng lng. Ngoi vic to iu kin cho cc chng trnh mi v sng to cho khch hng c tho lun phn sau ca mc ny, thng tin ny cng gip d bo ph ti chnh xc hn.

The Brattle Group 9

S ci tin c bn cn li vi AMI l d liu t cng t s c thu thp t xa v tc thi. Chc nng ny mang li mt s li ch v vn hnh, bao gm vic gip trnh chi ph c d liu t cng t, kt ni v ngt ct dch v t xa, v theo di trong thi gian thc tnh trng li in gip pht hin mt in nhanh hn. iu quan trng l phi nhn ra s khc bit gia AMI v c cng t in t ng (AMR). Ging nh AMI, AMR bao gm mt mng li cc cng t s c th thu thp d liu tiu th trong khong thi gian chi tit. Tuy nhin, d liu t cc cng t AMR khng c truyn tr li tc thi v t ng n c s d liu trung tm. Thng thng, d liu c thu thp theo thng v t trong phm vi rt gn bng cch s dng dng c cm tay. V nhng hn ch v chc nng ca AMR, rt nhiu cng ty in lc ang trin khai li in thng minh chn thay th AMR bng AMI nng cp vic o in nng. Mc Gi Thay i Theo Thi Gian Mc gi thay i theo thi gian s dng c dng tnh ph cho khch hng vi gi cao hn vo gi cao im trong ngy khi chi ph p ng nhu cu v in cao hn v gi thp hn vo gi thp im khi nhu cu v chi ph cung cp in thp hn. Vit Nam trin khai mc gi theo thi gian s dng (TOU), mt v d ca mc gi thay i theo thi gian, vi cc khch hng ln nht. Tuy nhin, cc mc gi ny cng c th c trin khai vi cc loi khch hng khc khi c s h tng o in nng ph hp c trin khai. Ngoi ra, Vit Nam cn c c hi trin khai cc phng n mc gi linh ng khc. nh gi linh ng khc vi nh gi TOU im, thng thng khch hng ch nm c gi vo ngy tip theo hoc thm ch l gi tip theo. V d, vi mc gi c nh gi theo thi gian thc (RTP), khch hng thng c thng bo v mc gi theo gi ca ngy tip theo vo bui ti trc . Mt phng n nh gi linh ng khc l thit k nh gi gi cao im quyt nh (CPP). CPP c th c hai khong thi gian nh gi ging nh mc gi TOU, tuy nhin gi trong khong thi gian cao im ch xy ra trong 10 hoc 15 ngy trong nm v ngi tham gia ch c bit trc mt ngy. Mc gi ca khong thi gian cao im ny cng cao hn t ba n nm ln so vi mc gi TOU, v mc ny c dng khi phc chi ph vn ca n v pht in cn bin trong gi cao im quyt nh. Kh nng gi tn hiu v gi mnh m n khch hng thong thi gian ngn hn to ra li th ln cho mc gi linh ng so vi mc gi TOU, v mc gi ny c th c s dng nh mt chng trnh iu tit nhu cu gii quyt cc trng hp khn cp ca h thng hoc trng hp chi ph nng lng cn bin cao (thay v ch khuyn khch chuyn i ph ti sang gi thp im nh thng thng). Mc gi thay i theo thi gian mang li rt nhiu li ch. Bng cch khuyn khch khch hng gim lng tiu th vo thi gian cao im, c th trnh c cc chi ph sn xut in tn km. Khch hng c kh nng gim ha n tin in bng cch tiu th nng lng vo gi c mc gi r hn. Nhn t kha cnh x hi, mc gi ny gip ny ci thin s cng bng gia cc khch hng nh vic loi b cc tr cp cho gia cc khch hng trong mc gi khon. Thng Tin Nng Lng Nng Cao D liu v nng lng chi tit t cng t in thng minh c th c truyn tr li cho khch hng khuyn khch h qun l tt hn vic s dng nng lng. Thng tin ny c th c cung cp di dng thng tin ha n chi tit hn, thng qua trang web internet hoc thit b

The Brattle Group 10

hin th thng tin ti nh (IHD). Thng tin nng cao ny c th bao gm lch s tiu th in theo gi gn y, chi ph nng lng, hoc cnh bo khi khch hng sp t mc tiu th nng lng d kin. Mt s phng php thm ch cn so snh mc s dng nng lng ca khch hng vi cc khch hng tng t nh l mt cch t mc chun cho vic tiu th ca h. Cc nghin cu cho thy rng, khi c cung cp thng tin ny, nhn chung khch hng s tiu th t nng lng hn2. Kt qu l khch hng tit kim chi ph tin in v hnh thnh cch qun l ph ti cho PC. ng dng ny cng l mt phng tin gip PC lin lc vi khch hng. iu Khin Ph Ti Tin Tin Cng ngh iu khin ph ti tin tin gip khch hng t ng gim mc tiu th in nng trong cc khong thi gian gi cao trong khung gi in theo thi gian s dng. i vi khch hng dn c s dng h thng iu ha khng kh trung tm, cng ngh ny s bao gm b iu nhit giao tip c th lp trnh (PCT) c chc nng nhn tn hiu t PC v t ng gim mc s dng iu ha khng kh trong cc trng hp iu tit nhu cu hoc khong thi gian gi cao. i vi khch hng C&I, cng ngh c bit n l Auto-DR s c s dng nng cp h thng qun l nng lng ca c s, cho php t ng qun l phi hp rt nhiu vic s dng cui cng hoc quy trnh khc nhau vo thi im gi cao. iu khin ph ti tin tin cung cp rt nhiu li ch ging nh chng trnh iu tit nhu cu truyn thng; ch yu gip trnh chi ph sn xut in cho cng ty in lc v tit kim ha n cho khch hng. Ti Vit Nam, kh nng kim sot ph ti nng cao trong thi gian xy ra s vic bt ng trong h thng c th em n li ch rt ln v tin cy.

Xu Hng Quc T

Trn th gii, kinh nghim trin khai cng t in thng minh tng i su rng. V d, hin nay khong 13 phn trm cng t in ti Hoa K l cng t in thng minh. Ti Php, AMI c EdF trin khai ton din. Bra-xin gn y thng bo rng quc gia ny s dnh mt khon u t ln trin khai cng t in thng minh trn ton quc. Trn ton cu, d tnh tng cng c khong 825 triu cng t in thng minh s c trin khai chm nht vo nm 2020. Hnh 2 (xem phin dch trong Ph Lc A) tm tt vic trin khai o in nng thng minh hin ti v d tnh trn ton cu.

2 Ahmad Faruqui, v cng s, "Tc ng ca Thng Tin Phn Hi v Tiu Th Nng Lng Kho St v

Bng Chng Th Nghim," Tp Ch Energy Thng 8 nm 2009.


Hnh 2: Trin Khai o in Nng Thng Minh Hin Ti v D Tnh Trn Ton Cu3

Trong rt nhiu trng hp, vic khin khai AMI ch yu c iu chnh da trn li ch vn hnh ca cng ngh ny, chng hn nh trnh chi ph c cng t hoc gim trm cp nng lng. Trong phm vi nh hn (nhng ang gia tng), vic thc hin o in nng thng minh cng i km vi cc chng trnh khch hng mi. Trong phn ln trng hp, cc chng trnh ny c th nghim nh l cc d n th im hoc th nghim tm hiu r rng cc tc ng ca chng trnh trc khi c ng dng trn din rng. Kt qu ca cc th nghim ny cho thy rng cc tc ng v li ch c th kh ln. V d, Hnh 3 minh ha mc gim cao im t c t trn 100 th nghim nh gi thay i theo thi gian v cng ngh ti khu vc dn c c tin hnh trn ton cu.4

3 D liu do eMeter cung cp. 4 Ahmad Faruqui v Sanem Sergici, Phn Hi ca H Gia nh v nh Gi in ng: Kho St v 15

Th Nghim, Tp Ch Journal of Regulatory Economics, Thng 8 nm 2010.

270, 33%

200, 24%125, 15%

100, 12%

80, 10%

15, 2%

20, 2% 10, 1% 5, 1%China

EU

USA/Canada

India

East Asia

Aus/NZ

Africa

Russia

Middle East

In 10 yrs

Over 64 million smart meters now in place

worldwide

43.3, 67%

17.3, 27%

1.5, 2%

2.0, 3%

0.3, 1%EU USA/Canada

Aus/NZ

Rest of EU

All OthersToday

Million, % of total

Over 825 million smart meters expected in 10 years


Peak Reductions by Rate and Technology

Pricing Pilot

Pe

ak

Re

du

cti

on

1 109

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

TO

U

TO

U w

/ T

ech

PT

R

PT

R w

/ T

ech

CP

P

CP

P w

/ T

ech

RT

P

RT

P w

/ T

ech

Th im nh Gi

M

c Gi

m C

ao

i

m

Gi T

heo Th

i G

ian

S Dn

g(T

OU

)

Gi

m Gi Gi C

ao

i

m (

PT

R)

PT

R v

i C

ng Ngh

Gi th

eo Th

i G

ian Th

c(R

TP

) v

i C

ng Ngh

CP

P v

i C

n

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Gi Gi C

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ng Ngh

Hnh 3: Mc Gim Cao im Trung Bnh t Th im nh Gi ng v Cng Ngh

Cng c mt s v d ca vic trin khai nh mc gi thay i theo thi gian ton din. Ti rt nhiu quc gia trn th gii, chng hn nh Hoa K, Canada, Vng Quc Anh, v c, khch hng C&I ln c tnh trc tip mc gi th trng theo gi thay v mc gi khon. Ti cc khu vc khc cha p dng mc gi ny, rt nhiu cng ty in lc khc ng k cho khch hng ln nht ca h vi mc gi TOU (chng hn nh ti Vit Nam). V pha dn c, ti Canada, mc gi TOU hin ang c bt u thc hin nh l phng n mc gi mc nh cho tt c khch hng dn c ti tnh Ontario. Php v ang cung cp mc gi CPP v TOU t nguyn trn ton quc c gi l tempo cho khch hng dn c t gia thp k chn mi. C s trng i ln rng vic cung cp mc gi ton din ny s c m rng khi cng t in thng minh c trin khai trn th trng ln.

Cc Thch Thc

Mc d kinh nghim gn y gip gim bt rt nhiu thch thc k thut lin quan n vic trin khai AMI, rt nhiu cng ty in lc vn ang gp kh khn vi mt s vn sau: Hiu qu v chi ph: Mt s khu vc quyt nh khng trin khai cng t in thng minh v h cho rng li ch khng tng xng vi chi ph. Cc khu vc ny thng l khu vc c mc tit kim vn hnh thp (v d nh, v chi ph lao ng thp) hoc thiu s tin tng nhng nh iu tit hoc cng ty in lc v vic li ch ca cc chng trnh khch hng mi s c hin thc ha. Cc chng trnh th im v cc nghin cu chi tit khc c s dng gii quyt s khng chc chn ny v to nim tin vo cc li ch. S phn i ca cc bn lin quan: Vic trin khai AMI ti mt s khu vc vp phi s phn i mnh m t cc bn lin quan c nh hng. S phn i ny thng n t nhng ngi bo v ngi tiu dng lo ngi rng cng t in thng minh v cc chng trnh i km


s lm tng chi ph cho khch hng c thu nhp thp, bt chp c bng chng rng o in nng thng minh v mc gi thay i theo thi gian thc s em li li ch cho phn khc khch hng ny. Trong cc trng hp khc ng ch nht l ti Hoa K (California) v c vic trin khai AMI b tr hon hoc hy b sau khi khch hng khiu ni v s gia tng chi ph ha n xy ra ng thi khi h thay th cng t in. Trong cc trng hp ny, cng t in c xc nh l chnh xc, tuy nhin cc yu t khc chng hn nh nhit cao v s tng gi dn n cc trng hp tng chi ph ha n c bo co ny. C hai v d u nu bt tm quan trng ca cc bn lin quan tham gia ngay t thi im bt u quy trnh a ra quyt nh v vic trin khai AMI, nhm thc y s ng h v m bo theo ui chin lc trin khai m c hai bn cng c li. Da trn c cu ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam v s khc bit trong quy trnh a ra cc quyt nh u t ny, s phn i ca cc bn lin quan c th s t gy thch thc cho vic trin khai AMI hn so vi mt s quc gia khc trn th gii. S chp nhn ca khch hng: Khi cng t in thng minh c trin khai, vn s c cc thch thc lin quan n vic khuyn khch khch hng tham gia cc chng trnh mi. V d, cc chng trnh th im nh gi ng thng gp kh khn vi vic t t l chp nhn 20 phn trm khi tuyn ngi tham gia. Tuy nhin, khi khch hng ng k tham gia chng trnh nh gi, thng thng trn 90 phn trm cho bit h mun tip tc tham gia. Thch thc v vic tuyn khch hng ny rt ph bin, v c rt nhiu cch gii quyt. Th nht, vic t mc nh khch hng vo mc gi hoc chng trnh mi (vi ty chn t chi) c cho thy t t l tham gia cao hn. Th hai, bo v ha n, gip khch hng nm r ha n ca h s chu tc ng t chng trnh ra sao trc khi phi chu bt k ri ro ti chnh no, l mt cch khc tr gip chuyn i. Th ba, gio dc v tip cn khch hng s c vai tr rt quan trng trong bt k vic trin khai li in thng minh no, nhm ci thin kh nng khch hng hiu r li ch v c hi tit kim chi ph ha n m chng trnh em n.

Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti ti Vit Nam

Tt c nm PC ti Vit Nam tin hnh cc chng trnh trin khai cng t in thng minh vi phm vi v quy m khc nhau. ng c chnh ca cc chng trnh trin khai ny n t vic thc hin mt c cu mc gi TOU p dng cho khch hng cng nghip v thng mi. Kt qu l, chng trnh trin khai cng t in thng minh t mc tiu ch yu vo khch hng cng nghip v thng mi ln. Vic trin khai ny s to iu kin cho vic thu thp d liu tiu th nng lng cng nh vic tnh ha n ca khch hng theo mc gi TOU. Tt c nm PC trang b cho mi khch hng TOU ca h cng t in ba pha in t hoc c. Trong tt c cc loi khch hng, c tng cng 585.000 cng t in ba pha, trong gn 20 phn trm l in t v cn li l c. Cc khch hng cn li (khng phi TOU) s dng 16,8 triu cng t in mt pha, trong di mt phn trm l in t. Thng k chi tit hn v vic trin khai cng t in thng minh ca nm PC c trnh by trong Bng 3.5

5 Tp on in Lc Vit Nam, Xut v Thit B v Qun L H Thng o in Nng Nhm Mc

ch iu Hnh Th Trng in Lc v Bn in cho Khch Hng, Thng 4 nm 2011.


Bng 3: Trin Khai Cng T in Thng Minh ca PC

(n v)Khch Hng TOU

Khch Hng (>500 kW gi/thng)

Khch Hng (


nh Gi Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti

Nh vy n nay, cc PC ch yu trin khai cng t in tin tin cho khch hng ln nht ca mnh. Phng php ny c ngha t gc kinh t, bi y l cch cung cp chc nng o in nng tin tin cho lng ph ti ln vi chi ph tng i thp (do s lng cng t in hn ch phi c trin khai). Phng php ny ph hp vi cc khuyn ngh s b c cung cp trong Phn IV ca bo co ny. Trong tng lai, gi tr ca ng h in thng minh hin ang c trin khai s ph thuc vo cc mc tiu li in thng minh ca cc PC. Cng t in thng minh c th cung cp mt lot cc chc nng, ty thuc vo cng ngh c th c trin khai. V d, mt s cng t in thng minh ch c th cung cp giao tip mt chiu t ng h o n PC, trong khi cc cng t in khc c th cho php giao tip hai chiu. Ty thuc vo chc nng c th ca cng t in c trin khai, chng c th p ng mc tiu li in thng minh ca cc PC. Nu khng, c th cn nng cp h thng hn na. Rt kh nh gi chc nng c th ca cng t in t thng tin sn c, do , Bng 4 c cung cp nh mt hng dn xc nh tnh y ca chc nng ca cng t in hin ti.

Bng 4: Chc Nng ca Cng T in Thng Minh v Cc Chng Trnh c Cho Php

Chc Nng ca Cng T in Thng Minh

Tnh Nng & Chng Trnh c Cho Php

Giao tip k thut s t cng t in n PC

- Gim chi ph c cng t in - Gim trm cp in & can thip cng t in

Giao tip k thut s t PC n cng t in

- Cho php PC giao tip vi cc thit b c cho php ti nh gim ph ti vo cc thi im c nhu cu cao

Giao tip thi gian thc gia cng t in v PC

- Pht hin mt in nhanh hn - Ci thin chnh xc ca vic tnh ha n - Kt hp tt hn cc ngun in ti to & ngun in phn

tn o lng in tiu th gi cao im v thp im hng thng

- C th cung cp mc gi TOU cho khch hng - Ci thin vic d bo & quy hoch ph ti mc va

phi

o lng in tiu th hng gi theo ngy

- C th cung cp cc chng trnh qun l ph ti yu cu vic gim ti vo cc ngy c th vi thng bo hn ch (nh nh gi ng hoc hu ht cc chng trnh iu tit nhu cu da vo u i)

- C th cung cp thng tin tiu th in cho khch hng, khuyn khch vic gim ph ti

- Ci thin ng k vic d bo & quy hoch ph ti


Cc Phng n u T T ng Ha Phn Phi in

Cc Thnh Phn C Bn

H thng phn phi in l mt mng li phc tp bao gm rt nhiu cng ngh truyn thng, h thng phn mm v linh kin in t khc nhau. Nh d tnh thng thng, phm vi cng ngh bao gm quy trnh t ng ha phn phi in l tng i rng. Tuy nhin, s lng cng ngh DA ln hn cn thit ny c th c phn nhm thnh bn ng dng nng cao gi tr c bn:8

Thu thp d liu (thng trong thi gian thc) v tnh trng ca h thng phn phi (Thng Tin)

Phn tch v trnh by d liu ny gip ch cho ngi vn hnh h thng (Phn

Tch)

iu khin t xa cc im trn h thng m trong trng hp khc s c iu khin bng tay (iu Khin T Xa)

T ng ng ph vi cc bin c xy ra vi li in m khng cn s can thip ca con

ngi (iu Khin T ng) Thng Tin Rt nhiu cng ngh DA cung cp thng tin mi v tnh trng ca li in phn phi m trong trng hp khc s khng sn c. V d, cc thit b cm bin c th c lp t ti rt nhiu im khc nhau trong h thng pht hin h hng, nh gi cht lng in, bo co tnh trng thit b, hoc bo co hot ng t cc ngun lc nng lng phn phi (v d nh, cho bit mt ngun lc c ang pht in hay khng). Cc d liu ny thng c cung cp gn nh tc thi. y l chc nng ca phn ln h thng iu Khin Gim St v Thu Thp D Liu (SCADA) v phn phi in nng. Thng tin mang li nhiu gi tr thit thc. V d, vic nm bt tc thi v tr h hng s cho php gi nhm nhn vin n gii quyt s c mt in v gip phc hi h thng nhanh hn. Tng t, vic nm bt tnh trng ca cc ngun lc nng lng phn tn (DER) s ci thin s an ton ca cc nhm nhn vin c th ang lm vic ti cc ng dy phn phi ln cn. Tuy nhin, thng tin ny s tr nn qu gi hn i vi nhng ngi vn hnh h thng khi c kt hp vi cc kh nng phn tch nng cao. Phn Tch Kh nng phn tch nng cao c s dng tn dng tt hn thng tin sn c thng qua DA. Thng thng, cc kh nng ny c bao gm trong h thng phn mm thu thp, t chc v phn tch d liu mi v trnh by d liu ny theo cch c th b tc ng v hu ch cho ngi

8 Tho lun trong mc ny c trch t mt phn ca ba nghin cu c y Ban Nng Lng California

ti tr. Xem mc Ngun Thng Tin B Sung ca L Trnh bit chi tit.


vn hnh h thng. V cn bn, vic ny cung cp cho ngi vn hnh ci nhn hon chnh hn v tnh trng h thng, gip a ra quyt nh vi hiu bit sng sut hn v ci thin hot ng ca li in. Kiu ng dng ny thng c gi l phn tch truyn ti in nng ti u hoc m hnh truyn ti in nng cho h thng phn phi. Cc kh nng phn tch nng cao ny c gi tr trong thi gian gn i vi ngi vn hnh li in, v cc kh nng ny c th c s dng gi lp tnh trng li in, theo s gip d on vic mt in hoc cc vn v tin cy khc trc khi chng xy ra (v gii quyt tnh hung t trc). V di hn, kh nng phn tch nng cao c th em li li ch cho quy trnh lp k hoch bng cch gip xc nh cc im trn li in cn nng cp cng ngh, m rng cng sut hoc cc ci thin tng t khc nht.


iu Khin T Xa Rt nhiu cng ngh DA cho php ngi vn hnh h thng qun l h thng in t a im trung tm thay v gi nhn vin ti cc im ring l trn li in tin hnh rt nhiu thao tc khc nhau bng tay. V d, ng ph vi trng hp khn cp trong h thng, SCADA s cho php kch hot v qun l cc b ngt phn phi v b t ng ti trm bin p t trm iu khin trung tm thay v cn n thao tc bng tay ca nhm nhn vin n trc tip trm bin p ny. iu khin t xa em li mt s li ch v l mt trong cc ngun gi tr ct li ca DA. Cc li ch quan trng bao gm ng ph nhanh hn vi trng hp khn cp trong h thng nh trnh c s chm tr ca nhm nhn vin c gi i, gim chi ph lao ng nh ct gim s lng nhn vin cn thit vn hnh thit b, v nng cao an ton ca cc nhm nhn vin ti ch thng qua vic iu khin thit b tt hn. iu Khin T ng Mt s cng ngh DA s t ng ng ph vi cc tnh trng li in m khng cn s can thip ca con ngi. V d, vi b iu khin in p v VAR t ng, cc thit b cm bin, iu khin v h thng truyn thng s phi hp vi nhau t ng pht hin v ng ph vi cc thay i trong h s cng sut ca h thng t mc hiu qu cao hn v theo gim tn tht v ng dy. Kiu iu khin t ng ny cng s c m rng sang cc b chuyn mch, t ng tt v bt cc mch c th trong li in mt cch thng minh nhm cch ly v gim thiu tc ng ca vic mt in. Vic ny s gim s lng khch hng chu nh hng ca vic mt in, ng thi gip ci thin cht lng in.

Cc Thch Thc

C mt s thch thc phi c vt qua khi thc hin u t vo DA. Cc tr ngi chnh xc nh c th c phn thnh hai danh mc ln: s phc tp v k thut v iu chnh chi ph cho ph hp.9 S Phc Tp v K Thut: Phm vi cng ngh DA la chn l rt ln, mt s c cung cp nh mt phn ca gii php hon chnh v mt s khc c cung cp ring bit v phi c kt hp vo h thng. V cc cu hnh h thng phn phi thay i rt nhiu gia cc cng ty in lc nn s khng c cng thc n gin no cho vic xc nh cn u t vo iu g. nh gi k thut chi tit v li in phn phi s l iu kin tin quyt cn thit ca vic trin khai. Bng 5 tm tt mt s quyt nh then cht phi c a ra thng qua kiu nh gi ny.

9 tho lun thm v cc thch thc ny, xem http://xanthus-

consulting.com/Publications/Benefits%20and%20Challenges%20of%20Distribution%20Automation.pdf


Bng 5: V D v Thch Thc Lin Quan n S Phc Tp v K Thut ca DA

Xc nh quy cch k thut ph hp cho thit b

Xc nh hnh thc linh ng cho vic m rng v nng cp cn c thc hin cho cc b phn

nh gi cc sn phm ca i l nh cung cp c thc s cung cp kh nng cn thit hay khng

Gii quyt cc vn an ninh v tin cy

nh gi cc kiu h thng truyn thng sn c

Xc nh cc yu cu gp gp v thi gian cho mi kiu trao i d liu

Chi s cc mng li truyn thng vi b phn hoc cng ty khc

Cung cp d liu cho ngi dng kp thi

X l cc khi d liu ln, bao gm thu thp, lu tr v phc hi

m bo s chnh xc ca d liu

Qun l tnh nht qun ca d liu trong c s d liu

Bo v an ninh mng i vi hng hc thit b, trm cp cng, ph hoi, gin ip cng nghip, v.v

Thit lp cc quy trnh truyn d liu gia cc h thng v ng dng khc nhau

Thit B in T

H Thng Truyn Thng

Qun L D Liu

Tch Hp & An Ninh H Thng iu Chnh Chi Ph cho Ph Hp: Hiu qu v chi ph ca vic u t vo DA ty thuc vo tng h thng v vo tnh trng ca li in c nng cp. Vic iu chnh cho ph hp tnh kinh t ca vic nng cp DA l thch thc quan trng m rt nhiu cng ty in lc phi i mt, c bit i vi cc ng dng mi hn v cha c chng minh nhiu. Hn na, phm vi rng ln ca cc cng ngh DA ng ngha vi vic s c th c nhiu phng n nng cp h thng hn so vi ngn sch sn c. V d v cc thnh phn chi ph quan trng cn c coi l mt phn ca vic u t vo DA bao gm cc chi ph sau:

Chi ph ln k hoch: Qun l d n, nh gi i l nh cung cp, quy cch k thut Chi ph mua hng: Thit b, h thng, truyn thng, ng dng phn mm Chi ph thc hin: Pht trin ni b, lp t thit b, o to cn b Chi ph vn hnh: Hc tp v o to ti ni lm vic, x l s c theo thi gian thc Chi ph bo tr: Bo tr, nng cp v m rng thit b, h thng, v.v...

Xu Hng Quc T

DA c trin khai vi phm vi cu hnh rng ln trn ton cu. Mt cuc kho st gn y vi trn 20 cng ty in lc ti Hoa K xc nh cc ng dng DA ph bin nht ang c trin khai.10 Trong cc h thng hin c, mi cng ty in lc trin khai SCADA trm bin p, v 70 phn trm trin khai iu khin in p/cng sut phn khng. Cc trin khai DA ph bin nht, c hin c v theo k hoch, c tm tt trong Hnh 4 (xem phin dch trong Ph Lc A).

10 Price, Snuller, v cng s, nh Gi S B: Gi Tr ca Cc ng Dng T ng Phn Phi in Nng,

y Ban Nng Lng California, PIER. n Phm S CEC 500-2007-028


Most Common

Less Common

ExistingPlanned

% of respondents identifying activity

Hnh 4: Cc ng Dng DA Ph Bin t 20 Cng Ty in Lc c Kho St11

Cc cng ty in lc ny cng bo co cc l do m h s dng iu chnh chi ph khin khai. Cc l do ph bin nht bao gm ci thin tin cy, hiu qu (v d nh, gim tn tht), dch v khch hng, hot ng, v qun l ti sn. L do t ph bin hn ca cc cng ty in lc ny l ci thin vic d bo v ln k hoch ph ti, c l v cc cng ty in lc ti Hoa K thng thit lp cc sng kin nghin cu ph ti cng phu. Mt s v d gn y gip minh ha cc l do cho vic trin khai DA. Ti Canada, Burlington Hydro trin khai vic t ng ha b chuyn mch cho mt khu vc kinh doanh quan trng ti Burlington. Khu vc kinh doanh ny c c s h tng cng ng quan trng chng hn nh bnh vin ln v nh my x l nc thi tt c u yu cu ngun in c tin cy rt cao. Thng qua vic trin khai DA, tnh trng mt in ti khu vc kinh doanh ny hu nh b loi b; cc s c bt ng i vi h thng l ra s cn mt n hai gi sa cha gi y s c gii quyt ch trong vi giy. Trn ton thnh ph, tnh trng mt in c gim bt khong 40 phn trm.12 Vic trin khai gn y ti tiu bang Tennessee (Hoa K) cng chng minh gi tr ca tin cy nng cao. Tng t nh vic trin khai ti Burlington, mt cng ty in lc khm ph c hi i vi vic trin khai DA ti khu vc gn cm khch hng thng mi v bnh vin ng c. Cng ty in lc ny nhn thy rng h khng th iu chnh khon u t trn c s thit hi v doanh thu do mt in, v chi ph thit b ln hn mc thit hi v doanh thu in lc lin quan n vic mt in theo h s 1.000/1. Tuy nhin, da trn cuc kho st khch hng trong khu vc, cng ty in lc ny pht hin rng mt ln mt in duy nht c th gy tn tht cho cng ng nhiu hn rt nhiu so vi vic mt thng v kinh doanh hoc ri ro khc. Da trn c s ny, cng ty in lc ny thy rng chi ph u t c kh nng c phc hi ch bng vic

11 Biu phng theo Gi Tr ca cc ng Dng T ng Ha Phn Phi in Nng 12 http://www.gridsmartcity.com/initiative/distribution-automation


phng nga bn hoc nm ln mt in. Cng ty in lc ny u t vo SCADA trm bin p v c tnh trnh c t nht 5 s c mt in nh s u t ny.13

Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti Vit Nam

Hai trong s cc PC ca Vit Nam (CPC v SPC) bt u trin khai cng ngh DA, mc d vi quy m gii hn. Trong khong thi gian gia nm 2005 v 2010, CPC trin khai h thng miniSCADA ti Hu, Nng, Qui Nhn v Bun M Thut. CPC d nh s m rng vic trin khai h thng miniSCADA cho cc vn phng dch v in v trm bin p 110kV. CPC cng lm vic nhm pht trin cc trm bin p 100kV t ng. Trong nm 2009 v 2010, CPC a vo hot ng nm trm bin p iu khin bng my tnh ti Tam Quan, Kon Plng, Ha Thun, Bc ng Hi v Bnh Chnh. CPC cng ang u t vo vic chuyn i cc trm bin p 110kV hin c sang trm bin p t ng.14 SPC hin ang trong qu trnh trin khai cc h thng SCADA v trm bin p 100kV t ng. Giai on th im trin khai ko di t nm 2010 n 2012, trong thi gian ny SPC d nh s lp t h thng SCADA ti tr s ca mnh v h thng SCADA d phng ti Kho Th c. Trong giai on th im ny, SPC cng s lp t hai bng iu khin ti cc trung tm phn phi v hai bng iu khin iu khin cc trm bin p 110kV ti tnh Ty Ninh v Bnh Phc. Cng lc, SPC s nng cp mi ba trm bin p 110kV ti hai tnh ny thnh trm bin p t ng. Trong giai on th hai ca k hoch trin khai vo t nm 2012 n 2015, SPC s tip tc a vo hot ng thm cc bng iu khin t xa v trm bin p t ng ti cc nhnh li in cao p v trung tm phn phi ti cc tnh khc.15

nh Gi Vic Trin Khai Hin Ti

Gi tr tng lai ca h thng SCADA c trin khai s ph thuc vo cch s dng cc h thng . Nu gi tr chnh ca cng ngh l gim chi ph lao ng bng cch t ng ha mt s chc nng ca li in phn phi, th iu ny khng th to ra gi tr ng k v chi ph lao ng kh thp ti Vit Nam. Nu h thng ang c vn hnh qun l tt hn vic mt in, th iu ny s mang li gi tr nhiu hn ng k. Do cng ngh ch ang c trin khai hn ch, cng ngh nn c trin khai cho cc khu vc c quan tm cao v tin cy ca ngun in v/hoc a im c ngnh cng nghip hoc dch v gi tr cao ph thuc vo ngun in ng tin cy hot ng. Cc khuyn ngh khc s trnh by trong Phn IV ca bo co ny. Thng tin sn c cho thy vic trin khai hin ti c th ph hp mt cch hiu qu vi vic trin khai DA ln hn trong tng lai ti Vit Nam.

13 Mark Kimbell, Xy Dng S Tin Cy cho Khu Vc Thu Ht S Ch ca Cng Chng, Tp ch Transmission and Distribution World, Ngy 1 thng 5 nm 2011 14 Tng Cng Ty in Lc Min Trung, Trnh By v nh Hng Di Hn cho Vic ng Dng Cng

Ngh Mi Ci Thin Hot ng ca EVNCPC, Ngy 5 thng 4 nm 2011. 15 Tng Cng Ty in Lc Min Nam, ng Dng SCADA/ H Thng Qun L Phn Phi in Nng

(DMS) vo Mng Li in Lc ca EVN SPC Nng Cao Tin Cy v Cht Lng Dch V Khch Hng.


c Tnh Chi Ph u T Li in Thng Minh

Chi ph li in thng minh mang c im rt ring vi tng h thng v s ph thuc nhiu vo cc iu kin ca vng lnh th dch v trong cng ngh ang c trin khai. Tuy nhin, nghin cu gn y ca Vin Nghin Cu in Nng (EPRI) a ra mt lot cc c tnh chi ph th c th phc v nh ngun thng tin chung cho tm quan trng c th c ca yu cu u t ti Vit Nam.16 Cc c tnh ch yu bt ngun t vic trin khai cng ty in lc gn y ti Hoa K. Cc c tnh ny c cung cp trong Bng 6 trn c s mi n v, c th d dng c m rng n bt k mc trin khai no ang c PC xem xt. bit chi ph b sung, hoc bit thm chi tit v cch pht trin cch c tnh ny, xem bo co ca EPRI c tiu , c Tnh Chi Ph v Li ch ca Li in Thng Minh. c tnh ca PC H Ch Minh ch ra rng vic trin khai ton din cc cng ngh li in thng minh khc nhau trong lnh th dch v ca mnh c th tn chi ph trong khong hai nghn t ng (100 triu USD).

Bng 6: c Tnh Chi Ph Mi n V ca Vic Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh

Thnh Phn Ca Li in Thng Minh n V Chi Ph (Ngn VND)

Thp Cao

C S H Tng ca Vic o in Nng Tin Tin

H thng giao tip (gia PC v cng t in) mi dy tip

in 419.000 419.000

Cng t in dn c mi cng t

in 1.500 2.900

Lp t cng t in dn c mi cng t

in 150 310

Cng t in thng mi v cng nghip mi cng t

in 2.500 10.500

Lp t cng t in thng mi v cng nghip mi cng t

in 420 1.360

Cc chi ph AMI khc (v d phn mm, tch hp h thng) mi cng t

in 150 420

Bo tr h thng lin tc mi cng t in /nm 60 230

T ng Ha Vic Phn Phi in Nng

B ng v rle dy tip in im cui thng minh1 mi dy tip

in 1.047.000 1.047.000

B ng thng minh mi dy tip

in 2.093.000 3.140.000

Cng tc iu khin t xa mi dy tip

in 1.047.000 1.570.000 Thit b in t cng sut (v d cc b gii hn dng on mch

phn phi in nng) mi trm bin

p 1.674.000 1.674.000

in p v iu khin VAR trn dy cp in2 mi dy tip

in 1.256.000 5.400.000

Lu

1. Chi ph nng cp gia tng khng tnh bn thn chi ph cng tc.

2. Chi ph dng nng cp dy tip in hin c s cao hn ng k i vi cc dy tip in mi.

16 Vin Nghin Cu in Nng, c Tnh Chi Ph v Li ch ca Li in Thng Minh, Bo Co Cui

Cng, Thng 3 nm 2011. http://www.energycentral.com/download/products/EPRI%20Smart%20Grid%20Report.pdf


PHN II: CC MC TIU CA LI IN THNG MINH

Tt c cc li ch tim nng khc nhau ca li in thng minh c m t trn y u th hin l do m cc PC ca Vit Nam c th quyt nh trin khai li in thng minh. Tuy nhin, vic t c tt c cc li ch ny s yu cu khon u t khng l vo mt lot cc cng ngh li in thng minh, cng nh trin khai ti tt c khch hng trn ton quc iu ny khng kh thi da vo ngun ngn sch v ngun lc hn ch. V vy, iu cc k quan trng l phi xc nh cc mc tiu ca li in thng minh c u tin hng u i vi Vit Nam. Vic sp xp u tin mc tiu then cht ca vic trin khai li in thng minh ti Vit Nam c xy dng t vic xem xt thc trng ca li in, cc n v pht trin ngnh in lc trong tng lai, v cc cuc phng vn trong nc vi cc bn lin quan chnh. iu phn nh vic nh gi ca Brattle v thng tin ny da trn kinh nghim quc t trong ngnh. Vic sp xp u tin c chia thnh ba danh mc. Cc mc tiu ngn hn s gii quyt cc thch thc quan trng v trc tip nht ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam. y l cc vn cn c gii quyt sm nht c th (v d nh, cc gii php s c gi tr cao nht). Cc mc tiu trung hn cng rt quan trng, tuy nhin khng c cng mc cp bch i km; y l cc mc tiu th cp c th to ra gi tr trong khung thi gian mi nm. Cc mc tiu di hn nhiu kh nng s c gi tr thp hn trong thp k tip theo, tuy nhin cc mc tiu ny s c tm quan trng gia tng theo thi gian v v vy ng theo di.

Cc Mc Tiu Ngn Hn

Cc mc tiu sau s gii quyt nhng thch thc ln nht, cn c quan tm ngay v c s lin quan r rng nht ti vic ci thin tin cy ca li in. Gim ct in do thiu ngun: Cc thch thc quan trng nht ti Vit Nam lin quan n

vn v tin cy ca li in. Mt nguyn nhn ln ca cc vn ny l kh nng pht in khng theo kp nhp tng trng nhanh chng ca ph ti, dn n thiu ngun v buc phi ct gim ph ti. V vy, vic s dng li in thng minh c u tin ln l gim bt ph ti mt cch hiu qu trong gi cao im hoc trong cc trng hp khn cp trong h thng.

Qun l mt in: Cc vn v tin cy cng c nguyn nhn t cc tnh trng khng

lin quan n thiu ngun, chng hn nh ng dy h hng hoc thit b phn phi hng hc. Mc d thng k chi tit v cc loi mt in ny cha sn c, cc cuc trao i khng nh y l mt vn xy ra rt thng xuyn v c th dn n thit hi dch v ng k cho rt nhiu khch hng. Vic da vo kh nng cung cp d bo, pht hin, cch ly, phc hi tnh trng mt in ca DA l mt lnh vc tp trung then cht nhm gii quyt cc thch thc ny.

Ci thin s n nh ti chnh ca cc PC: Cc cuc trao i vi nm PC cho thy, v

mc thu hin ti thng thp hn chi ph pht in, thit hi v ti chnh ang din ra vi tng ki-l-ot-gi in c bn. V vy, vic s dng li in thng minh khuyn khch


hiu qu tiu th in s gim bt tn tht ti chnh v ci thin sc khe ti chnh ca cc cng ty. Vic tp trung vo khuyn khch tit kim nng lng trong cc phn khc khch hng c mc thu thp nht v chi ph dch v cao nht l mt chin lc thc hin nh vy.

Ci thin d bo v ln k hoch ph ti: Cc d liu v cng c hin ang sn c ca cc

PC d bo ph ti v ln k hoch cho h thng tng i gii hn. D liu nghin cu ph ti rt t v li in v ang m rng vi tc khin vic d on mc tng trng chnh xc gp kh khn vi chi tit v a l v lin thi gian cao, dn n kh nng u t vo vic m rng li in khng ti u. V vy, khi u t vo li in thng minh, iu quan trng l phi m bo rng c k hoch thu thp v s dng d liu sn c mi theo cch c th ng gp vo n lc d bo ph ti v ln k hoch li in trong tng lai.

Cc Mc Tiu Trung Hn

Cc mc tiu sau s gii quyt nhu cu t cp thit hn, tuy nhin s to ra li ch trong khung thi gian mi nm. Gim tn tht v ng dy: Vit Nam gim ng k tn tht v ng dy trong thp

k va qua. c tnh hin ti cho thy rng mc tn tht trung bnh hin khong 10 phn trm, mc d mt s phn ca li in c mc hiu qu cao hn cc phn khc. Hn na, mc d s ci thin l ng k, vic thiu d liu ng tin cy v tn tht dn n s khng chc chn v chnh xc ca c tnh ny. V vy, vic bao gm cc quy trnh s dng d liu nh gi tt hn tn tht v ng dy, v sau s dng thng tin ny xc nh c nn u t vo cc cng ngh DA m gip gim tn tht nu cn thit (v d nh, thng qua iu khin in p/cng sut phn khng) hay khng c th s rt hu ch.

Trao quyn cho khch hng: Mc d c hi tc thi ln nht ci thin tri nghim ca

khch hng l gim bt tn sut mt in hoc s c ct gim ph ti bt buc, li in thng minh c th cung cp cho khch hng c hi tit kim chi ph ha n v qun l nng lng tt hn. iu ny c th t c thng qua vic cung cp thit k mc gi mi hoc thng tin nng cao v mc s dng nng lng ca h.

Trnh chi ph u t pht trin ngun: Vic gim bt nhu cu cao im v tiu th nng

lng sau cng s gip trnh gia tng chi ph cng sut v nhin liu t . Tuy nhin, y c th khng phi l li ch ngn hn ca li in thng minh, da trn vic tng cng sut hin ang khng th theo kp s tng trng nhu cu cao im ca Vit Nam. V vy, trong ngn hn, s tp trung vo vic s dng cc chng trnh ct gim ph ti ca li in thng minh gii quyt cc s c bt ng ca h thng s thc tin hn vic xc nh mc tiu ca li in thng minh xoay quanh cc khon u t ngun lc b tr hon hoc n trnh. Cc mc tiu ny c nhiu kh nng s c hin thc ha khi h thng n nh.

Kt hp ngun in ti to v ngun in phn tn: K Hoch Tng Th VII ca B

xc nh s pht trin ca ngun in ti to l mc tiu u tin trong 20 nm tip theo. Mt s ngun in ti to ny c nhiu kh nng l ngun in phn tn, chng hn nh nng lng mt tri trn mi nh. DA c th gip kt hp cc ngun in phn tn bng cch ci thin an ton cho nhm nhn vin ca cng ty in lc m trong trng hp khc c th b nh hng v s gia tng ngun in ti to. Nhn chung, DA cng c th gip gii quyt


mt s vn v in lc pht sinh vi s pht in khng lin tc khi lng ln t cc ngun nh tua-bin gi. Tuy nhin, theo d kin s cn mt thi gian trc khi ngun in ti to t mc thm nhp yu cu k thut kt hp phc tp t li in thng minh.

Gim trm cp in: Hin ti, tnh trng trm cp in khng c coi l vn nghim

trng ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, d on chi ph in s tng. i vi mt s khch hng dn c, chi ph in c th chim mt khon ln trong thu nhp thng hng.17 Khi chi ph ny tr thnh mt gnh nng ln hn, kh nng thc y trm cp in s gia tng. Vic trin khai AMI s ci thin kh nng phng trnh trm cp, v vic can thip cng t in in t s kh hn cng t in c. V vy, o in nng thng minh c th s c gi tr cao hn theo cch ny nu vn ny tr nn ng lo ngi hn trong tng lai.

Cc Mc Tiu Di Hn

Mc tiu sau y c gi tr trong thi gian rt ngn thp hn, tuy nhin y l iu c kh nng cn xem xt trong phm vi thi gian mi nm. Tit kim chi ph lao ng/vn hnh: Trong ngn hn n trung hn, khng th chc chn

rng cc li ch hot ng ca li in thng minh c bit l cc khon tit kim chi ph lao ng s b p c chi ph ti Vit Nam. iu ny l do chi ph lao ng thp m c th trnh c bng cch u t vo cng ngh li in thng minh tng i tn km khi so snh. Tuy nhin, khi nn kinh t ca t nc tip tc pht trin v tin cng tng cao, cc li ch ny c th c gi tr cao hn.

Cc Mc Tiu Li in Thng Minh v Mi Trng Vic t c mt s mc tiu li in thng minh c xc nh trc y c th dn n li ch ng k v mi trng. V d, vic gim chi ph ngun lc (chng hn nh chi ph nhin liu) thng qua cc chng trnh tit kim nng lng s dn n pht in t hn t cc nh my in chy bng nhin liu ha thch v do s gim lng pht thi kh nh knh. Li ch tng t s t c t vic gim tht thot ng dy phn phi. Ngoi ra, vic s dng li in thng minh to iu kin thun li cho vic kt hp pht ngun in ti to s thay th sn lng t cc n v chy bng nhin liu ha thch bng sn lng t cc ngun pht in khng pht thi nh gi v mt tri. Tt c iu ny s dn n li in sch hn ti Vit Nam. V nhng l do ny, li ch mi trng ca li in thng minh c coi l kt qu bao qut ca cc mc tiu trin khai c th, ch khng phi l mc tiu ca bn thn iu . iu ny nhn mnh tm quan trng ca vic nhn ra tc ng mi trng tim n ca bt k vic trin khai li in thng minh no trong tng lai. Trong thc t, bi v c nhiu c hi PC nhn c cc khon vay vi iu khon tt hn (v d nh li sut thp hn) cho cc khon u t s mang n li ch mi trng, c v nh c kh nng rng bt k khon u t no trong tng lai vo li in thng minh s c thc hin vi iu ny nh l mc tiu bao qut ca cc mc tiu trin khai c th hn.

17 V d, vi mc tiu th hng thng 350 kWh v mc gi trung bnh khong 1.500 VN/KW gi, ha n

tin in ca mt khch hng dn c c th l 500.000 VN mt thng. Khon tin ny c th bng vi 10 phn trm thu nhp hng thng trung bnh ca h gia nh , da trn thng k chung ca chnh ph.


Cc Mc Tiu ca Li in Thng Minh trong Bi Cnh Vit Nam

Cc mc tiu ny ca li in thng minh cho Vit Nam nh th no so vi cc mc tiu nhng ni khc trn th gii? Vic u tin ph thuc vo s khc bit v vn ha, cng ngh, chnh tr, v kinh t. Vic theo di cc mc tiu i vi chnh sch v vic trin khai li in thng minh cc ni khc trn th gii cho thy mt s so snh th v. Ti Hoa K, trng tm chnh ca vic trin khai li in thng minh l tit kim chi ph, c hnh thc tit kim chi ph hot ng v trnh chi ph ngun lc. iu ny mt phn l do nhn thc v vic chi ph ngy cng tng do t suy thoi kinh t gn y gy ra. Cc chng trnh khch hng thng c tnh n khi trin khai li in thng minh ti Hoa K, nhng thng l s xem xt th yu. Cc chnh sch v li in thng minh ti chu u tp trung nhiu hn vo nhng li ch v mi trng, theo hnh thc ci thin tnh hiu qu hoc kt hp ngun in ti to. V d, Vng Quc Anh, chnh ph ang u t mnh vo li in thng minh thng qua sng kin chnh sch "Qu Mng Li Cc-bon Thp (Low Carbon Network Fund)". Vic tp trung vo cc li ch v mi trng ny ca li in thng minh c thc y bng cc chnh sch ln v nng lng quc gia nhm gim lng pht thi cc-bon v to th trng cho ngun in ti to nhiu ni thuc Lin Minh Chu u. Nhiu quc gia mi ni u tin cc mc tiu v li in thng minh theo cch tng t nh nhng mc tiu c pht trin cho Vit Nam. Trng hp ngoi l ng ch l vic tp trung nhiu hn vo vic gim trm cp cc nc ny, c bit l nhng nc Nam M, ni m cc tn tht phi k thut l ngun chnh gy ra t l lm pht. Cc nc ang pht trin c bit ch trng n vic kt hp cc ngun in phn tn. Trong trng hp ny, trng tm thng khng nm vic kt hp ngun in ti to, m vo vic kt hp bt k hnh thc pht in no c th c hnh thnh gn ngun ph ti m mt khc khng c kt ni vi li in do thiu in kh ha trn ton quc. tin cy ca li in v cht lng in cng l mi quan tm quan trng nhng nc ny. Da trn vic xem xt chung ca Brattle v cc chnh sch v mc tiu trin khai li in thng minh nhiu ni khc nhau trn th gii, so snh v u tin gia cc nc c tm tt trong Bng 7.


Bng 7: So Snh v u Tin Chnh Sch Li in Thng Minh Gia Cc Nc

Vit Nam ( Xut)

Hoa K Chu uCc Nc

Mi Ni

Cc Nc ang Pht

TrinCi thin tin cy Cao Trung bnh Trung bnh Cao CaoHoch nh ngun lc/hot ng Cao Thp Thp Cao CaoKt hp cc ngun lc phn phi Trung bnh Trung bnh Cao Trung bnh CaoTrao quyn cho khch hng Trung bnh Trung bnh Trung bnh Thp ThpTrnh chi ph ngun lc Thp Cao Trung bnh Thp ThpTit kim chi ph hot ng Thp Cao Trung bnh Thp ThpCi thin mi trng Thp Thp Cao Trung bnh ThpTrm cp in Thp Thp Thp Cao Cao

Vic Dnh u Tin Cc Mc Tiu Li in Thng Minh ca Bn Lin Quan Vit Nam

Ti mt hi tho cc bn lin quan do Brattle tin hnh ti H Ni vo thng 12 nm 2011, nhng ngi tham d c yu cu a ra quan im ca h v tm quan trng ca tng mc tiu li in thng minh. Mi mc tiu c nh gi theo thang im t 1 n 10, trong 1 cho thy mc tiu c coi l khng quan trng v 10 cho thy mc tiu rt quan trng. Cc cu tr li nhn c t 19 i din ca nm PC trong nc. Cc mc nh gi trung bnh trong s 19 cu tr li ny c tm tt trong Hnh 5. Cc mc ny c so snh vi cc mc do Brattle pht trin da trn cc cuc phng vn trong nc v quan im ca ngnh trn ton cu.


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Trung Bnh Trong Tt C Cc Phn Hi ca PC

Quan St ca Brattle

Hnh 5: Tm Quan Trng ca Cc Mc Tiu Li in Thng Minh Theo Trnh By ca Cc PC

Ni chung, cc mc nh gi ca PC kh ph hp vi mong i v quan st ca Brattle. V d, nhng ngi tr li xem xt tin cy c ci thin - c thng qua vic qun l mt in tt hn v thng qua bin d tr cao hn - l mc tiu quan trng nht i vi li in thng minh. Kt hp ngun in ti to, trao quyn cho khch hng, v tit kim chi ph (lin quan n c chi ph ngun lc v chi ph lao ng) nm trong s cc mc tiu t quan trng hn trong ngn hn). Tuy nhin, c mt vi s khc bit ng ch gia mong i ca Brattle v cc mc nh gi ca ngi tr li. c bit, nhng ngi tr li xem c cc tn tht v k thut v phi k thut l mi quan tm quan trng cn c li in thng minh gii quyt, vi nhiu ngi tr li xc nh vic trm cp in l vn cn c gii quyt trong ngn hn.18 Ngoi ra, mc d n nh v ti chnh ca cc PC c tnh im kh cao nh mt mc tiu quan trng ca li in thng minh, vic nhn thy rng cc PC nh gi iu trong na di cng ca cc mc tiu c th c vn rt th v.

18 Ngi tr li cng c yu cu xc nh liu cc mc tiu c quan trng trong ngn hn, trung hn, hoc

di hn hay khng. Trung bnh, vic trm cp in c coi l vn cn c gii quyt trong ngn hn.


PHN III: PHNG PHP TRIN KHAI LI IN THNG MINH THEO GIAI ON

Bt k vic trin khai li in thng minh no ti Vit Nam u s yu cu phi tin hnh nghin cu mi, pht trin cc sng kin chnh sch mi tin b, v m bo kinh ph. iu ny s khng xy ra ngay lp tc m cn c phng php thn trng, c lp k hoch k cng. Mc ny m t cc hot ng c bn phi din ra c th trin khai li in thng minh ti Vit Nam, v thit lp thi hn s b v sp xp trnh t cc hot ng. C th phn chia vic trin khai li in thng minh thnh hai giai on. Giai don u tin tp trung vo cc hot ng then cht cn thit a ra quyt nh u t hiu qu nht v chi ph. Mc d c rt nhiu cch u t kh d, iu quan trng l phi tin hnh phn tch thit thc xc nh cc c hi c gi tr nht. Giai on th hai tp trung vo vic trin khai li in thng minh trn ton h thng in. Vic ny khng ch bao gm theo di v nh gi vic trin khai, m cn bao gm cc chnh sch phi c thit lp to iu kin cho vic chuyn i li in thng minh. Bn tm tt phng php trin khai li in thng minh hai giai on c th hin trong Hnh 6: Phng Php Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh Hai Giai on.19

Thi hn (nm):

Thu Thp D Liu

Tin Hnh Th im

nh Gi Kinh T

Lp Chnh Sch

Trin Khai Cng Ngh

Theo Di & nh Gi

GIAI ON I:Quyt nh u T

1 2 3 4 105 6 7 8 9

Quyt nh u t c th c a ra sau 2 n 3 nm k t thi im bt u

Vic trin khai ton din c th cn 5 n 7 nm

GIAI ON II:Trin Khai

Hnh 6: Phng Php Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh Hai Giai on

19 Lch trnh ny kh ph hp vi lch trnh ca cc cng ty in lc khc trin khai li in thng minh

trn quc t. Lu rng thi hn ny kh ph hp vi lch trnh trin khai li in thng minh hin ti ca PC H Ch Minh, m ku gi vic nh gi nhu cu c s h tng trong nm 2011 v 2012, cc d n li in thng minh th im t 2012 n ht 2014, v trin khai trn din rng hn t 2015 n ht 2021


Giai on I: a Ra Quyt nh u T vo Li in Thng Minh (Nm 1 n nm 3)

C ba bc c bn a ra quyt nh u t vo li in thng minh: thu thp d liu h thng quan trng, tin hnh th im v minh ha k thut lp y cc l hng v d liu, v sau s dng d liu tin hnh nh gi kinh t v cc phng n li in thng minh nhm xc nh phng n c gi tr nht.

Bc 1: Thu Thp D Liu H Thng Quan Trng

Bc u tin xc nh cch u t vo li in thng minh l thu thp v t chc d liu v thng tin sn c v c th hu ch trong vic a ra quyt nh. iu ny bao gm thng tin c th c s dng nh gi li ch ca vic trin khai li in thng minh, cng nh thng tin sn c cng khai v chi ph cho li in thng minh. Trong trng hp thng tin quan trng khng sn c (v d, s ph ti dn c hoc thi gian mt in v thng k tn sut mt in), cn thit lp cc quy trnh thu thp thng tin ny. Mc d vic thu thp d liu s b ny khng c kh nng cung cp tt c cc thng tin cn thit a ra quyt nh u t vo li in thng minh, t nht iu ny s gip xc nh cc lnh vc hoc cng ngh then cht cn thc hin th im v th nghim. Sau y l mt vi v d v cc d liu quan trng cn thu thp v cch s dng cc d liu .

S liu thng k v mt in: Mi PC cn phi bo co s liu thng k mt in c bn (ch yu lin quan n thi gian) cho EVN. Thng tin ny s hu ch xc nh cc im trn li in c bit cn nng cp ci thin tin cy. D liu b sung sn c lin quan n tn sut mt in v nguyn nhn ca mi ln mt in cng s c gi tr nhm mc ch ny.

D liu ph ti khch hng: Mc d cc n lc nghin cu ph ti hin ti ang phn no cn hn ch, cc khch hng C&I ln nht c cng t in thi in c th c s dng nh gi s ph ti v hiu r mc h ang gp phn vo mc cao im h thng mt thc o c gi tr trong vic nh gi kh nng gim nhu cu cao im.

Chi ph cho o in v vn hnh phn phi in nng: Mi PC hiu r v ngn sch dnh ring cho vic c v vn hnh v bo tr cng t in y l thng tin hu ch xc nh cc khon tit kim chi ph vn hnh c th t c thng qua vic trin khai AMI. D liu tng t v cc chi ph lao ng cn thit vn hnh v bo tr h thng phn phi in nng s gip nh gi cc li ch tim nng ca vic trin khai DA.

S liu thng k v hnh vi trm cp nng lng v tn tht k thut: Trong phm vi m thng tin ny sn c, thng tin cn c tp hp v phn tch mc chi tit nht c th, bi vic trin khai AMI mc tiu c th gip gim thiu vn ny.

D liu lch s v gi c v tiu th in nng: Bng cch s dng d liu lch s, cng c th hiu su hn v vic phn ng nhanh v gi c ca khch hng dn c bng cch nh gi vic cc hnh thc tiu th ca h thay i nh th no sau khi sa i mc thu bn l. C th tin hnh nh gi tng t i vi cc khch hng C&I ln ng k mc gi TOU.


Chi ph ngun lc bin: Vic d onchi ph cng sut pht in mi v chi ph nng lng bin (tc l nhin liu) cn c thu thp xc nh gi tr di hn ca vic gim nhu cu v in.

nh gi phng php d bo ph ti: Phng php d bo ph ti hin ti cn c nh gi cn xng vi cc thng l tt nht trong ngnh xc nh cc loi d liu c th c th c thu thp thng qua cng t in thng minh ci thin chnh xc ca cc d bo.

Cc mc pht thi cn bin: Cc mc pht thi ca n v pht in cn bin cc thi im khc nhau trong ngy v trong cc ma khc nhau cn c nh gi xc nh cc li ch mi trng tim nng ca vic gim ph ti, v khi no v u th vic gim ti s c li nht t gc mi trng.

Bc 2: Tin Hnh Th Nghim v Cc D n Th im

Trong nhiu trng hp, d liu quan trng xc nh tnh hiu qu v chi ph ca li in thng minh s khng sn c. V d, hin nay rt t ngi bit v vic cc khch hng ti Vit Nam s thay i hnh vi tiu dng ca h nh th no khi c cung cp thng tin chi tit hn v vic s dng nng lng ca h. lp l hng v kin thc ny, cn tin hnh cc t th im. C ba loi th im l minh ha, th nghim bn khoa hc, v th nghim khoa hc.20 Th im minh ha c s dng khi mc tiu chnh ca vic th im l nhm chng minh rng c th thc hin kh thi mt cng ngh hoc tp hp cc cng ngh nht nh trong thc t. Cc th im ny thng c thc hin bng cch s dng rt t ngi tham gia. V d, vic minh ha c th bao gm mt vi khch hng C&I ln, c trang b h thng Auto-DR. Th im s minh ha cch khch hng s dng h thng ny v v c bn s l mt nghin cu trng hp nh bt u cuc tr chuyn xung quanh tnh kh thi v tim nng ca cng ngh. Minh ha l s la chn thch hp nht khi s lng ngi tham gia kh d rt hn ch, thng do nhng hn ch v ngn sch v chi ph ca cng ngh ang c th nghim. Phng n ny cng thch hp khi cu hi chnh l liu cng ngh c hiu qu thc s bn ngoi phng th nghim hay khng. Khng th s dng kt qu minh ha ngoi suy cc kt lun c coi l i din cho s lng khch hng ln hn do s lng ngi tham gia hn ch. Ngc li vi phng n ny chnh l cc th nghim khoa hc. y l nhng nghin cu nghim ngt c dng d tnh cc tc ng ca chng trnh li in thng minh ton din trong tng lai trn s lng khch hng ln. Cc th nghim khoa hc thng ko di trong khong thi gian t nht mt nm ( nm bt c cc nh hng theo ma trong nghin cu) v c s tham gia ca s lng ngi tham gia ln (hng trm hoc thm ch hng ngn). H tham gia vo vic so snh cc nhm x l (khch hng ng k tham gia mt hoc nhiu chng trnh li in thng minh) vi mt nhm i chng (khch hng tng ng vi cc khch hng ca nhm x l, nhng khng ng k tham gia bt k chng trnh mi no). C

20 bit tho lun thm v cc kha cnh k thut ca thit k v nh gi th im li in thng minh,

xem: http://brattle.com/_documents/UploadLibrary/Upload955.pdf


cc yu cu nghim ngt v cch thc tuyn ngi tham gia v loi thng tin v cc u i m h c th nhn c, gim thiu cc hnh thc thin v khc nhau m mt khc s lm cho kt qu khng i din cho nhm ngi ln hn. Th nghim khoa hc l s la chn thch hp nht khi mc tiu th im l nhm h tr cc n v tc ng v li ch ca chng trnh li in thng minh trong trng hp doanh nghip. l cch c c c tnh c gi tr thng k v cc tc ng c th ca chng trnh trc khi trin khai ton din. Do cc yu cu thit k nghim ngt ca th nghim khoa hc, vic qun l v thc hin cc th nghim ny tn km v tn thi gian hn so vi th im minh ha. Th nghim bn khoa hc nm gia cc th nghim minh ha v khoa hc. Mc d cc th nghim ny thng khng bao gm mc cht ch ging nh ca th nghim khoa hc, cc th nghim ny thng bao gm ngi tham gia rt ra mt s kt lun c ngha thng k. V d, c th thc hin th nghim na khoa hc cho cc khch hng ng k tham gia thit k mc gi mi c cung cp, nhng khng phi cho nhng ngi khng c nhm i chng tng ng. Phng php ny i khi c s dng cc giai on u trin khai chng trnh ton din, nhm nh gi hnh vi ca nhng ngi ng k u tin. Cc th nghim na khoa hc c gi tr kha cnh chng c th c s dng nh lng tc ng i vi mt s lng ln ngi tham gia vi s tin tng no v mt thng k, tuy nhin vic ngoi suy kt qu i din cho tc ng ca cc khch hng khc khng phi lun kh thi.21

Bc 3: nh Gi Kinh T

Cc n lc thu thp d liu c xc nh trong hai bc u tin s ng vai tr nh thng tin u vo cho nh gi kinh t chi tit ca cc phng n trin khai li in thng minh ti Vit Nam. Thng qua nh gi kinh t v cc phng n , s c th xc nh chin lc trin khai li in thng minh hp dn nht v ti chnh. V vy, mc tiu ca bc th ba l pht trin trng hp kinh doanh chng minh r rng rng li ch ca vic trin khai li in thng minh s b p cc chi ph.22 Chin Lc u T AMI Trng hp kinh doanh AMI thng da vo hai ngun li ch c bn iu chnh chi ph u t cho ph hp. Cc li ch ny c m t nh cc khon tit kim chi ph vn hnh v li ch iu tit nhu cu. Mc m mi li ch ng gp cho trng hp kinh doanh s ph thuc rt ln vo vic kt hp cc chng trnh mi s c cung cp vic trin khai AMI, cc phn on khch hng theo chng trnh ang c trin khai, v cc c im c th ca vng lnh th dch v chng trnh ang c trin khai. Chi ph cng s khc nhau da trn cc c im ca h thng. Kho st s b v vic trin khai AMI cc nc khc cho thy rng chi ph trin khai

21 Trong thut ng chuyn ngnh, iu ny c ngha l cc bn th nghim c th c gi tr bn trong, nhng

thiu gi tr bn ngoi. bit thm thng tin, xem Ahmad Faruqui, Ryan Hledik, v Sanem Sergici, "Th im Li in Thng Minh", Tp Ch Electricity Journal, Thng 8/Thng 9 nm 2009.

22 Bc ny cng bao gm vic nh gi tnh trng ca vic pht trin v tnh n nh cng ngh li in thng minh, nh gi nguy c cng ngh b thay th bi cng ngh mi hn vo trc thi im gii thiu ton din.


c th vo khong bn triu VN mi khch hng cho vic trin khai ton din ti tt c cc khch hng. Cc cng ty in lc ny thng c th iu chnh theo bt c t l no t 50 n 100% chi ph AMI trn c s tit kim chi ph vn hnh. Cc ngun tit kim chi ph vn hnh tim nng cn xem xt khi nh gi tnh kinh t ca vic u t vo AMI bao gm:

Trnh chi ph c cng t in Gim chi ph ti ch v chi ph dch v cng t in (v d nh, kt ni/ngt kt ni) Ci thin tnh chnh xc ca vic c cng t in Gim n cp nng lng Ci thin vic qun l mt in nh d liu chi tit hn Ci thin vic d bo ph ti nh d liu chnh xc hn

Cc li ch iu tit nhu cu ca AMI thng c da vo cng ty in lc nu mt mnh li ch vn hnh khng trang tri chi ph u t. Cc li ch c lin quan n ci thin v ng cong ph ti ca h thng n t cc khch hng tiu th in tit kim hn. Cc li ch cn nh gi trong danh mc ny, ty thuc vo chng trnh khch hng no c trin khai AMI, bao gm:

Gim nhu cu v cng sut pht in mi Gim u t vo cng sut Truyn Ti v Phn Phi (T&D) Gim chi ph nng lng (nhin liu) Ci thin tin cy thng qua bin d tr ln hn Li ch v mi trng do bo tn nng lng

i vi trng hp kinh doanh AMI thnh cng, nhng li ch ny cui cng s cn phi b p c chi ph trin khai AMI. Cc chi ph ri vo cc danh mc chung sau y, trong thit b o in nng v lp t thng bao gm khong mt na tng vn u t:

Thit b o in nng v lp t Truyn thng Nn h thng CNTT (gm c vic tnh ha n) Qun l d n

Ti Vit Nam, iu quan trng l cn xem xt cc yu t sau y khi nh gi kinh t vic trin khai AMI:

Chi ph lao ng rt thp so vi cc khu vc khc trin khai cng t in thng minh. Kt qu l, s kh iu chnh khon u t trn c s trnh chi ph c cng t in v chi ph dch v ti ch, yu t ng gp gi tr chnh cho nhiu trng hp kinh doanh AMI khc.

Trm cp nng lng c bo co l thp ti Vit Nam. Mt s quc gia, chng hn nh

Bra-xin v Italia, gn nh iu chnh trng hp kinh doanh AMI hon ton v li ch ca vic trnh trm cp nng lng, tuy nhin iu ny dng nh khng c kh nng l yu t ng gp gi tr chnh ti Vit Nam trong thi gian ngn hn.


Do tnh hnh thiu ht ngun in ti Vit Nam, vic ct gim ph ti cao im s khng

th dn n vic tr hon hoc trnh cng sut pht in mi hoc cng sut T&D. Cc khon u t ny s vn cn thit cng c li in, ngay c khi ph ti gim. Tuy nhin, vic gim ph ti s rt c gi tr bi v iu ny c th lm gim nhu cu phi t ra vic gim bt ph ti bt buc i vi cc ngnh c gi tr cao hoc cc khu dn c. Nu thc hin vi chnh xc v v tr, vic gim ph ti c th mang gi tr ln bng cch gip gii quyt cc vn v tin cy trn li in phn phi.

Mc d nhng ci thin v d bo ph ti thng l li ch nh trong trng hp kinh

doanh AMI ca hu ht cc cng ty in lc, c th l mt ngun gi tr quan trng ti Vit Nam ni d liu sn c a ra d bo ph ti hn ch hn. nh gi chi tit v phng php d bo ph ti ca cc PC, d liu AMI mi c th ci thin chnh xc nh th no, v vic ci thin chnh xc ny c th c ngha g v cc hiu qu mi trong quy hoch h thng, s l bc tip theo c gi tr t quan im ny.

Vit Nam ang tng trng nhanh chng. Mc d t nc gn in kh ha hon

ton, cc kt ni mi s c thm vo li in vi tc nhanh chng khi nn kinh t v dn s pht trin. Nh mt chin lc hng ti tng lai, vic trang b cho cc khch hng mi cng t in thng minh, d kin s trin khai ton din trong tng lai, s l mt phng n la chn. Tuy nhin, iu ny s to ra mt s rc ri, chng hn nh duy tr cc h thng c th x l d liu t nhiu loi cng t in khc nhau.

Da vo tn sut mt in kh cao xy ra cc mc khc nhau trn ton quc, d liu

tiu th in thit thc theo thi gian thc m AMI cung cp c th l mt trong nhng kha cnh c gi tr nht ca vic trin khai AMI, v thng tin ny c th c s dng pht hin v ng ph nhanh hn i vi cc trng hp mt in. Tuy nhin, vic nh lng gi tr ca thng tin ny kh khn hn. Mt bc gii quyt vn ny l tin hnh nghin cu v "gi tr ca ph ti b mt" xc nh chi ph mt in i vi nn kinh t Vit Nam cho cc phn on kinh doanh khc nhau.

Chin Lc u T DA Tnh hiu qu v mt chi ph ca vic u t vo DA s ph thuc vo mt s yu t. Cn xem xt cc yu t sau y khi thit lp trng hp kinh doanh cho DA v xc nh quy m s trin khai:

Kt Hp Cc Cng Ngh: Thc s trong trng hp ca DA, "trin khai ton b c gi tr hn tng cc phn." Mi thnh phn DA ring l phn no hn ch cc li ch m thnh phn c th cung cp khi trin khai ring bit. Tuy nhin, khi kt hp, cc thnh phn ny to ra rt nhiu li ch kh d. Vic kt hp cc thnh phn DA c trin khai s quyt nh tnh cht ca li ch t c.

Tc ng ca Vic Trin Khai: C th p dng cc nng cp DA thng nht trn ton

li in, hoc ch cho cc v tr a l c th ang cn nng cp nht. Nhiu li ch kh d ca DA khng i hi vic phi trin khai DA trn din rng c th t c. Trong thc t, phng php trin khai DA gi tr cao c th l xc nh cc khu vc hoc


v tr gp kh khn nht xt v tin cy, v trc tin u t vo nng cp DA nhng v tr .

im p Dng: C th tin hnh p dng cng mt DA c bn ti nhiu im khc

nhau trn h thng phn phi. V d nh c th p dng iu khin t xa x l ti trm bin p, hoc cng c th p dng iu khin t xa cho cc quy trnh ti ng dy cp.

Tnh Phc Tp cho Ngi Vn Hnh: Vic s hu h thng DA cng ging nh s

hu cy n piano. Ch s hu h thng khng c ngha l qu v bit cch s dng h thng. V ngay c khi qu v bit cch s dng h thng, vic vn hnh h thng cng c nhiu mc phc tp. iu ny i hi phng php vn hnh h thng DA theo giai on, bt u bng vic s dng c hiu qu cc chc nng c bn ca DA v dn dn m rng ti nhiu chc nng nng cao hn khi chuyn mn v kinh nghim ca ngi vn hnh nng cao.

C th s dng cc chin lc u t DA khc nhau hon thnh cc mc tiu khc nhau cho h thng phn phi. Cn c vo cc mc tiu li in thng minh thit lp ti phn II ca L Trnh, sau y l ba v d v cc chin lc u t c th s thu ht ti Vit Nam. S cn phi nh gi k thut chi tit nhm xc nh phng thc tt nht theo ui bt k chin lc no trong s ny, v tnh hiu qu v chi ph ca mi chin lc. Chin Lc 1: Ci Thin Tin Cy. Trin khai v vn hnh h thng DA ch yu nhm gii quyt cc trng hp mt in h thng. iu ny bao gm d bo v pht hin mt in thng qua vic lp m hnh gi lp h thng phn phi, cch ly s c mt in thng qua iu khin t xa v t ng, v phc hi s c mt in nhanh hn nh cc kh nng theo di v pht hin theo thi gian thc. Chin Lc 2: Ci Thin Tnh Hiu Qu. Ch yu s dng h thng DA nh mt cch nng cao hiu qu tng th ca vic vn hnh li in. Trng tm s t vo iu khin t ng (chng hn nh iu khin in p/cng sut phn khng) gip gim tn tht ng dy, ci thin cht lng in, v tit kim chi ph Vn Hnh v Bo Tr (O&M). Chin Lc 3: Kt Hp Cc DER. C th s dng h thng DA vi trng tm t vo vic kt hp cc ngun pht in phn phi. C th s dng m hnh dng cng sut in ca h thng phn phi nh gi cc im ni a in vo li in t cc ngun phn phi v xc nh cc im lin kt ti u mi. C th s dng cc b chuyn mch iu khin t xa cch ly cc im trn li in gn ngun phn phi trong qu trnh bo tr nh k h thng phn phi.

Giai on II: Trin Khai Li in Thng Minh (Nm th 3 n nm th 10)

Sau khi lp k hoch kinh doanh li in thng minh hiu qu v chi ph, giai on thc hin th hai s tp trung vo cc hot ng to iu kin cho vic trin khai li in thng minh. iu ny bao gm vic pht trin cc chnh sch thc y vic chuyn i sang li in thng minh hn, v theo di v nh gi vic trin khai trong khi thc hin.


Bc 1: Thit lp chnh sch to iu kin cho vic chuyn i li in thng minh

C th thc hin mt s chnh sch hoc chng trnh nhm thc y s thnh cng trong tng lai ca vic trin khai li in thng minh. iu ny bao gm cc mc tiu, cc quy trnh o lng & xc minh, kinh ph, quy tc v tiu chun, khon thanh ton khch l, bo v ngi tiu dng, u i v qun l, v cc chin dch nng cao nhn thc v nng lng. Cc mc tiu Cn t cc mc tiu nh lng lm chun o theo o lng s thnh cng ca vic trin khai li in thng minh, v cung cp mc tiu hu hnh cho cc thc th c lin quan trong vic tin hnh trin khai. S lng mc tiu thc t s ph thuc vo tnh cht v quy m trin khai li in thng minh s c theo ui. Di y l v d v cc mc tiu ca li in thng minh.

T l nhm dn s mc tiu c cng t in thng minh T l cc trm bin p c trang b SCADA Ci thin cc ch s v tin cy (v d nh Ch S v S Ln Mt in Trung Bnh ca

Li in Phn Phi (SAIFI), Ch S v Thi Gian Mt in Trung Bnh ca Li in Phn Phi (SAIDI))

Gim nhu cu cao im d kin Gim tiu th nng lng d kin Ci thin h s ph ti ca h thng Gim sai st d bo ph ti c nh gi

Mi mc tiu s c thi hn ph hp (v d, "50% khch hng c trang b cng t in thng minh chm nht vo nm 2015 v 100% khch hng c trang b cng t in thng minh chm nht vo nm 2017"). thit lp cc mc tiu ny, trc tin thng s cn tin hnh nghin cu tim nng. V d, pht trin mt mc tiu hp l nhm gim ph ti cao im cc khch hng C&I ln gy ra do mc gi ng, trc tin cn hiu c mc cc khch hng ny c th c d kin hp l chuyn ph ti sang cc gi thp im. nh Gi Quc Gia v Kh Nng p ng Nhu Cu23 ca y Ban iu Tit Nng Lng Lin Bang Hoa K l v d v mt nghin cu kh nng nh vy. Tng t nh vy, c th tin hnh nghin cu chi tit nhm nh gi kh nng ci thin tin cy ca li in cho DA. Cc Quy Trnh o Lng & Xc Minh Xc nh liu cc mc tiu t c c yu cu phi t ra cc quy trnh o lng v xc minh (M&V) hay khng. Cc quy trnh ny cng s c gi tr dn xp hp ng v kt hp cc tc ng ca chng trnh vo vic quy hoch ngun lc lu di. i vi mt s mc tiu, vic o lng v xc minh s tng i n gin. V d, vic nh gi s lng cng t in thng minh c trin khai ch yu l bi tp k ton. Tuy nhin, vic o lng tc ng ca iu g nh chng trnh iu tit nhu cu mi s kh khn hn. iu ny lin quan n vic c tnh

23 FERC, nh Gi Quc Gia v Kh Nng p ng Nhu Cu, do The Brattle Group, Freeman, Sullivan

& Co., v Global Energy Partners son, Thng 6 nm 2009.


nhu cu cao im s nh th no nu khng c chng trnh. Di y l mt vi yu t quan trng cn c bao gm trong k hoch M&V vi tnh cht ny.

Tin v ngn sch: Thi hn thc hin tt c cc kha cnh cn thit ca vic nh gi v c tnh ngn sch cn thit hon thnh.

Cc bin php thng k: M t v cc bin php thng k s c s dng c tnh

tc ng ca chng trnh. Chi tit v c tnh tc ng: M t v mc chi tit s c bo co; thng bao gm

cc chi tit theo gi v ngy xy ra s c chng trnh DR v c tnh cc thay i v mc tiu th nng lng tng th theo ma v nm cho mi bin php.

S khng chc chn trong c tnh tc ng: Mt lot cc c tnh v tc ng th hin

mc chnh xc ca cc thng s mu v s khng chc chn trong cc yu t kh bin quan trng nh thi tit

Hnh thc bo co: Cn s dng hnh thc bo co nht qun cho mi chng trnh, cho

php so snh gia cc chng trnh. D on: Ngoi vic cung cp cc c tnh v tc ng ca chng trnh sau khi thc

hin chng trnh, k hoch cng cn xc nh phng php pht trin cc d on v tc ng ca chng trnh li in thng minh nhm mc ch kt hp vo quy hoch h thng.

Khi cc chng trnh li in thng minh c trin khai v tc ng ca cc chng trnh c o lng v xc minh theo cc quy trnh ny, s cn phi cng b cc kt qu trong bo co hng nm hoc hai ln mt nm ghi chp tin ca cc chng trnh v cc ch s hiu sut quan trng (cc mc tiu gim cao im v nng lng). Ngoi ra, khi thc hin cc chng trnh, chc chn s c nhng thch thc ngoi d kin cn x l. Cc bo co chng trnh cng s ng vai tr lm ni thch hp ghi chp cc bi hc kinh nghim trong khi thc hin chng trnh. Kinh ph Li in thng minh ch c th do cc PC trin khai nu c kinh ph. Hot ng quan trng l cn xc nh v m bo ngun kinh ph. Phng php ph bin c s dng cc ni khc trn th gii l cc cng ty in lc u t tr trc vo li in thng minh, v sau thu hi chi ph thng qua khon ph ph trn ha n tin in hoc thng qua vic tng mc gi tm thi. Tuy nhin, m hnh thay th c th c mong mun hn ti Vit Nam khi EVN v c bn thuc s hu ca chnh ph. C quan chnh ph nh B Cng Thng (MOIT) c th m bo v kinh ph cng cng cho chng trnh. Theo nhiu cch, vic mt chng trnh c li ch x hi c ti tr thng qua cng qu rt c ngha. c bit l trong trng hp nu cc chng trnh li in thng minh c kh nng ci thin tin cy v in nng cho cc ngnh ca t nc, do mang li li ch cho nn kinh t Vit Nam.


S cn phi thit lp quy trnh ph duyt qun l cho cc t chc thc hin nhn c kinh ph. Quy trnh ny s yu cu cc t chc chng minh rng chi ph ca h l hp l v h c k hoch k lng v ton din mang li li ch ln hn chi ph. hu ht cc khu vc khc, iu ny lin quan n vic np k hoch hoc trng hp kinh doanh cho c quan qun l, c quan ny nh gi n xin thng qua qu trnh cng khai. Ngi qun l sau ph duyt, t chi n xin, hoc cung cp cc iu kin theo n xin s c ph duyt sau khi sa i. Quy Tc & Tiu Chun iu quan trng i vi cc nh hoch nh chnh sch l thit lp h thng cc tiu chun nhm thc y vic trin khai li in thng minh. c bit, cc tiu chun v kh nng tng tc s to iu kin cho vic truyn thng tin gia cc thit b v h thng khc nhau m s kt ni vi li in thng minh. Cc quy trnh trao i d liu ph hp s to ra sn chi bnh ng v ng vai tr lm nn tng th trng cho vic cnh tranh cng ngh li in thng minh. Hn na, cc tiu chun lin quan n an ninh mng s gip bo v s ring t ca khch hng v an ton ca li in. C mt vi sng kin v pht trin tiu chun quc t ang c thc hin trn ton cu. Ti Hoa K, Vin Tiu Chun v Cng Ngh Quc Gia (NIST) pht trin Khung Tng Kt cho li in thng minh v phi hp n lc ny vi nhiu nc khc nhm thit lp tnh nht qun quc t v tiu chun. Nhm Cng Tc Lin Hp ca Chu u v Tiu Chun Ha Li in Thng Minh cng c thnh lp, v Nht Bn pht trin l trnh tiu chun v li in thng minh u tin. Trung Quc cng ang pht trin l trnh tiu chun v li in thng minh.24 Vit Nam c th mun lp m hnh tiu chun ca mnh v kt qu ca nhng n lc ny, ph hp vi cc thng l quc t tt nht. Ngoi cc tiu chun v kh nng tng kt v an ninh mng, chnh ph c th bt buc thc hin cc tiu chun khc yu cu trin khai li in thng minh. V d, tiu chun yu cu tt c cc ngi nh mi cn c trang b cng t in thng minh v b iu nhit thng minh s thc y vic chp nhn p ng nhu cu cc khch hng mi khi dn s Vit Nam gia tng nhanh chng. Vic liu c thc y loi hnh tip nhn cng ngh ny thng qua cc tiu chun hoc thng qua cc chng trnh in lc hay khng l iu s cn c quyt nh. Khon Thanh Ton Khch L Mt cng c chnh sch khc ty theo quyt nh ca Vit Nam l s dng cc khon thanh ton khch l v ti chnh khuyn khch vic thng qua cc chng trnh hoc cc cng ngh li in thng minh mi. V d, c th h gi cho khch hng C&I ln mua h thng Auto-DR hoc cho cc khch hng dn c mua b iu nhit thng minh. Nu c s dng thch hp trong thi gian ngn hn v theo tng giai on, cc khon thanh ton khch l ny c th gip khuyn khch vic tham gia sm vo cc chng trnh mi v t c "s lng ti hn. Ngoi ra, vic cung cp cc khon thanh ton khch l v ti chnh cho khch hng thc s tham gia sau khi h ng k trong cc chng trnh, c bit l cc chng trnh iu tit nhu

24 C Quan Nng Lng Quc T, L Trnh Cng Ngh: Li in Thng Minh, 2011.


cu, rt hu ch. Khch hng dn c c b iu nhit thng minh c th c thanh ton mi ln iu ha nhit ca h b hng. Hoc khch hng C&I ln c h thng Auto-DR c th c thanh ton da trn quy m gim cao im m h thng cung cp. Khon thanh ton khch l v ti chnh l phng php gim ph ti c hiu qu kinh t hn so vi vic loi b ph ti bt buc. Vi vic loi b ph ti bt buc, c th mt s khch hng ang b ct in phi chu chi ph rt cao lin quan n mc dch v gim. Cc khch hng ny c th gm c ngnh c gi tr cao phi mt i sn lng ng k trong khong thi gian gim ph ti. Bng cch cung cp cc chng trnh t nguyn vi cc khon thanh ton khch l v ti chnh, ch nhng khch hng c chi ph gim ph ti thp hn mi ng k. Vic gim nhu cu cao im ging nh vy (hoc thm ch ln hn), nhng vi chi ph thp hn cho khch hng v cho nn kinh t ca Vit Nam, l c th t c. Bo V Ngi Tiu Dng C th c mt b phn khch hng nh cn c bo v khi vic tng chi ph hoc mt s c im ca li in thng minh. V mt x hi, c th c mong mun bo v khch hng c thu nhp thp v ngi cao tui khi vic tng gi. Ngoi ra, c th c mong mun thc hin cc phng php bo v khi vic ngt kt ni t xa cho khch hng c cc thit b y t quan trng m khng th b gin on. Cc chnh sch gii quyt nhng vn ny - chng hn nh bo v ha n tm thi - ang c xem xt cc khu vc khc khi h chuyn i sang li in thng minh. EVN chng minh rng loi phng php ny c gi tr x hi ti Vit Nam thng qua tr cp thu thu nhp thp. Cc bin php b sung nh vy c th c mong mun, c bit l trong cc giai on u trin khai li in thng minh. u i v Qun L Nu khng c mt s c ch qun l, cc cng ty in lc thng gp tr ngi v ti chnh khi theo ui cc chng trnh hoc cc cng ngh s lm gim mc tiu th. C l do chnh cho vic. Th nht, vic thc hin chng trnh nh vy s gy tn km cho cng ty in lc. Cn c ngun kinh ph, thng qua cng qu hoc tng mc gi. Th hai, ngay c khi cc chng trnh c cp chi ph, mc tiu ca cc chng trnh ny l nhm gim tiu th, v do gim doanh s bn hng, dn n doanh thu thp hn cho cng ty in lc. Cui cng, ngay c khi doanh thu b mt c cng ty in lc phc hi, cng ty ny s khng c l do hng ng cc chng trnh , tr khi c th tit kim mt phn chi ph nh l li ch ti chnh (ch khng phi chuyn ht tt c cc khon tit kim cho khch hng). C th s dng phng php ba bc iu chnh u i ca cc chng trnh li in thng minh cho ph hp vi u i ca cng ty in lc:

1. Phc hi chi ph trc tip: y l hnh thc u i qun l ph bin nht. Hnh thc ny cho php cc cng ty in lc phc hi c chi ph thc hin chng trnh li in thng minh mt cch kp thi. y cng l c ch yu nht trong ba c ch thc y vic bo tn.

2. Tch ri: Vi vic tch ri, s lin kt gia doanh s v doanh thu c loi b. Cc

cng ty in lc c php kim mc doanh thu hp l da trn d bo chi ph v doanh s c ngi qun l xem xt v chp nhn. Vi vic tch ri, nu doanh s thp hn


d bo do vic bo tn quan trng, cng ty in lc vn kim c khon doanh thu y v kt qu l khng b thit hi.

3. u i c ng: iu ny bao gm tt c cc m hnh c dng cung cp cho cc

cng ty in lc u i v ti chnh nhm theo ui vic bo tn lin quan n li in thng minh trn v ngoi vic kim c doanh thu d kin ca h. Cc m hnh ny v c bn chia s li ch ca chng trnh gia cc c ng ca cng ty in lc v khch hng ca mnh.

Vit Nam c th khng cn ti cc c ch ny trong ngn hn. Nu cc PC ang l trn mi kWh bn ra, khi cn nng cao hiu qu v bn in t hn v li ch ti chnh ca h. Tuy nhin, khi mc gi bn l tng trang tri chi ph v nng cao li nhun ca cc PC, khi c th cn kt hp cc c ch u i v qun l ny. Chin Lc Gio Dc Khch Hng Cc n lc tng tip cn v gio dc khch hng s ng vai tr rt quan trng nhm thc y s ng thun xung quanh vic trin khai. iu ny c bit quan trng i vi vic o in nng thng minh, trong bao gm vic tip xc trc tip vi khch hng. Ti cc vng gp kh khn trong vic trin khai o in nng thng minh, iu ny thng do khch hng khng hiu bit r v cc li ch ca chng trnh. V d, Pacific Gas & Electric (California) gn y gp tr ngi ln khi khch hng phn nn v vic tng ha n xy ra ng thi vi vic lp t cng t in thng minh ca h. Sau ngi ta pht hin ra rng vic tng ha n l do mt s yu t trng hp ngu nhin (chng hn nh tng mc gi v thi tit nng bt thng), khng yu t no trong s c lin quan n vic ci t cng t in. ng l c th trnh phn ln cc phn ng d di ca khch hng thng qua n lc tp trung hn vo vic gio dc khch hng, c bit l khi iu lin quan n li ch ca cng t in mi.

Bc 2: Trin khai cng ngh v cc chng trnh

Vic trin khai v lp t cc cng ngh li in thng minh trn thc t c th mt n vi nm, ty thuc vo phm vi v quy m trin khai. Ti Vit Nam, ni m kinh nghim v li in thng minh phn no cn hn ch, iu c th c mong mun l pht trin v ti tr cho vn phng qun l d n chu trch nhim gim st thc hin trin khai v c cc nh thu c kinh nghim bn ngoi b tr i ng nhn vin. C th thnh lp vn phng nh mt t chc thng trc tham gia vo cc n lc qun l li in thng minh lin tc, hoc c th l t chc tm thi, nhm mc ch o to v chuyn giao kin thc v trch nhim cho cc PC a phng theo thi gian. xut trin khai o in nng thng minh gn y Chicago, Illinois (Hoa K) c tnh rng chi ph qun l d n s vo khong 15% ton b chi ph trin khai.25

25 Black & Veatch, nh Gi C S H Tng o in Nng Tin Tin: Bo Co Chnh Thc, c lp

cho Commonwealth Edison, Thng 7 nm 2011.


Bc 3: Theo di v nh gi vic trin khai

Khi trin khai li in thng minh, vic lin tc theo di v nh gi tin trin khai s rt quan trng. Cn theo di nh k hiu sut da trn cc mc tiu v ch tiu thit lp trc khi trin khai, nhanh chng thc hin iu chnh gii quyt bt k sai lch no so vi k hoch ny. S cn thn trng khi tin hnh bo co cng khai sn c hng nm v tnh trng trin khai li in thng minh nh mt bin php o lng trch nhim cho cc t chc tham gia thc hin. Lu rng, mc d hot ng ny c bit quan trng khi nh gi tin ca vic trin khai ton din, cng s cn mt phng php tng t nh gi tnh hiu qu ca cc cuc th im li in thng minh trong cc giai on u ca d n.


PHN IV: CC KHUYN NGH S B

Trong khi cn nh gi kinh t chi tit i n kt lun cui cng v chin lc u t li in thng minh tt nht cho Vit Nam, c th a ra cc khuyn ngh s b da trn nhng quan st chung v tnh trng ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam. Cc khuyn ngh c th ny xy dng t nn tng rng ln hn c thit lp trong cc phn trc ca L Trnh. Cc khuyn ngh ny c cung cp dng d tho v nhm mc ch to ra vic tho lun v thng tin phn hi t cc bn lin quan then cht. Phn hi ny s c a vo cc khuyn ngh sa i c cung cp nh mt phn ca L Trnh cui cng sau hi tho v li in thng minh thng Mi Hai ti H Ni. Cc khuyn ngh c xy dng xung quanh bn hot ng then cht:

1. Thu thp d liu khch hng b sung 2. M rng trin khai AMI trong s cc khch hng C&I 3. Tin hnh th im li in thng minh cho cc khch hng nh 4. nh gi v trin khai cc phng n DA trn quy m hn ch

Thu Thp D Liu Khch Hng B Sung

M rng cc n lc nghin cu ph ti v thu thp d liu. Cc cuc phng vn trong nc ca Brattle xc nh mt s thiu st v d liu phi c gii quyt nhm thc hin nh gi c ngha v tnh hiu qu v chi ph ca vic trin khai phng n li in thng minh. V d, rt t d liu c thu thp v tn sut mt in, v mt s ngi cho rng d liu nghin cu ph ti khng th hin c s thay i nhanh chng v s lng khch hng. Sau y l cc v d ca cc loi d liu c th m c th gip cung cp thng tin cho phn tch trong tng lai:

Kho st v cc trang thit b in nh gi v tc ng ca cc chng trnh hin c (chng hn nh mc gi TOU cng

nghip v mc gi khu dn c) S ph ti theo gi cho cc loi khch hng (c thu thp lm mu i din cho cc

khch hng trn ton quc, vi chi tit c th cho tng loi khch hng) Thng xuyn thu thp v bo co cc ch s v

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