FITOCENOZELE DIN ROMNIA

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Vasile SANDA Kinga LLERER Petru BURESCU

SINTAXONOMIE, STRUCTUR , DINAMIC I EVOLU IE

Asocia ia vegetal este cea mai mic unitate de sistematizare a covoruluivegetal, care posed specii caracteristice sau de recunoa tere.Combina ia de specii caracteristice constituie nucleul floristic al fiec reiasocia ii. Prin valoarea lor indicatoare ecologic , speciile caracteristice nucircumscriu numai alc tuirea floristic a asocia iilor, ci i condi iileecologice n care se realizeaz .

Borza A. et Bo caiu N.Introducere n studiul covorului vegetal. 1965, pag. 25-26.

Adresabilitatea larg , de la studen i pn la speciali ti n diverse domenii:fitosociologie, silvicultur , pratologie, ecologie general , conservareanaturii, etc., face ca acest volum s umple un gol n literatura despecialitate i s fie un ghid util pentru to i iubitorii de natur i practicieni ndiverse domenii. De aceea recomand cu c ldur publicarea acesteiimportante lucr ri tiin ifice.

Prof. Univ. Dr. Constantin Dr gulescu

UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURE{TI

ARS DOCENDI 2008ISBN 978-973-558-341-5

9 7 8 9 7 3 5 5 8 3 4 1 5

FITOCENOZELEDINROMNIA

SINTAXONOMIE,STRUCTUR,DINAMICIEVOLUIE

VasileSANDAKingaLLERERPetruBURESCU

FITOCENOZELEDINROMNIA

SINTAXONOMIE,STRUCTUR,DINAMICIEVOLUIE

Editor: Ioan CRCIUN

Tehnoredactareicopert(graficifoto):KingaLLERER

Referenitiinifici:PROF.UNIV.DR.ConstantinDRGULESCU

PROF.UNIV.DR.GheorghePOPESCU

EDITURA ARS DOCENDI UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURETI EDITUR CU PROFIL ACADEMIC I CULTURAL,

RECUNOSCUT DE CNCSIS os. Panduri 90, sector 5, Bucureti

Tel./Fax: +4 021 410 25 75 E-mail: arsdocendi@yahoo.com

Copyright Vasile Sanda, Kinga llerer, Petru Burescu, 2008

Toate drepturile rezervate. Orice reproducere integral sau parial, efectuat fr acordul autorilor este ilicit i constituie o contrafacere.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permision from the copyright owner.

Tiprit la Tipografia Editurii Ars Docendi

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei VASILE SANDA; KINGALLERER;PETRUBURESCU Fitocenozele din Romnia/Vasile Sanda,Kingallerer,PetruBurescu - Bucureti: Ars Docendi, 2008 Bibliogr. ISBN 978-973-558-341-5 .

Editor: Ioan C ~ C I U N

Tehnoredactare 8i copert5 (graficii gi foto): Kinga OLLERER Referenti ~tiintifici:

PROF. UNIV. DR. Constantin D ~ G U L E S C U PROF. UNIV. DR. Gheorghe POPESCU

EDITURA ARS DOCEND~ - UNIVEKSITATEA DLN BUCURE$T~ E D I T U ~ CU PROFIL ACADEMIC $I CULTURAL,

RECLWOSCUTA DE CNCSIS 50s. Panduri 90, sector 5, Bucuregt'l

~ e l . / ~ a x : +4 021 41 0 25 75 E-mail: arsdocendi@yahoo.com

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nationale a RomPniei SANDA, VASILE

Fitocenozele din RomPnia / Vasile Sanda, Kinga Ollerer, Petru Burescu. - Bucuresti : Ass Docendi, 2008

Bibliogr. ISBN 978-973-558-34 1-5

1. 0llerer Kinga Tl. Bilrescu, Petru

Copyright O Vasile Sanda, Kinga oilerer, Petru Burescu, 2008 Toate drepturile rezervate. Orice reproducere integralg sau partial& efectuati

f"ar5 acordul autorilor este ilicit5 ~i constituie o contrafacere. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written

permision from the copyright owner. Tipgrit la Tipografia Editurii ,,&US Docendi"

CUPRINS

Prefa................................................................................................. 3IstoriculcercetrilorfitocenologicedinRomnia......................... 4Metodedestudiuavegetaiei......................................................... 9Prescurtri........................................................................................... 15Conspectulsintaxonomicalasociaiilor.........................................16Prezentareaianalizaunitilordevegetaie:

LEMNETEA.............................................................................................. 47CHARETEAFRAGILIS........................................................................... 55ZOSTERETEAMARINAE...................................................................... 61RUPPIETEAMARITIMAE..................................................................... 62POTAMOGETONETEAPECTINATI................................................... 63LITTORELLETEAUNIFLORAE............................................................ 76ISOTONANOJUNCETEA................................................................... 77PHRAGMITETEAAUSTRALIS............................................................. 82MONTIOCARDAMINETEA................................................................. 104SCHEUCHZERIOCARICETEANIGRAE.......................................... 110OXYCOCCOSPHAGNETEA................................................................ 120FESTUCETEAVAGINATAE................................................................. 121PUCCINELLIOSALICORNIETEA....................................................... 131JUNCETEAMARITIMI........................................................................... 155CAKILETEAMARITIMAE..................................................................... 160AMMOPHILETEA................................................................................... 163ORYZETEASATIVAE............................................................................. 165BIDENTETEATRIPARTITI.................................................................... 166ASPLENIETEATRICHOMANIS........................................................... 170THLASPIETEAROTUNDIFOLII........................................................... 183SALICETEAHERBACEAE..................................................................... 190JUNCETEATRIFIDI................................................................................ 196NARDOCALLUNETEA........................................................................ 200CARICIRUPESTRISKOBRESIETEABELLARDI.............................. 205SESLERIETEAALBICANTIS................................................................. 207BETULOADENOSTYLETEA................................................................ 217MOLINIOARRHENATHERETEA....................................................... 223FESTUCOBROMETEA........................................................................... 247KOELERIOCORYNEPHORETEA........................................................ 278STELLARIETEAMEDIAE...................................................................... 285PLANTAGINETEAMAJORIS............................................................... 313ARTEMISIETEAVULGARIS................................................................. 319

GALIOURTICETEA............................................................................... 336EPILOBIETEAANGUSTIFOLII............................................................ 349TRIFOLIOGERANIETEASANGUINEI............................................. 356SALICETEAPURPUREAE.................................................................... 358ALNETEAGLUTINOSAE..................................................................... 364QUERCOFAGETEA.............................................................................. 367QUERCETEAPUBESCENTIPETRAEAE........................................... 407RHAMNOPRUNETEA......................................................................... 435ERIKOPINETEA..................................................................................... 438VACCINIOPICEETEA.......................................................................... 441

Anexe.................................................................................................. 459Englishsummary.............................................................................. 467Bibliografie......................................................................................... 469Indexulalfabeticalgruprilorvegetale......................................... 537

3

PREFA

Aezarea geografic a Romniei, aflat la intersectarea a

numeroase provincii floristice, de asemenea dublat de o marediversitategeomorfologicipedoclimatic,toateacesteadesfuratepeunteritoriuextinsdelaMareaNeagrpnnetajulalpinalCarpailor,apermis instalareaunuicovorvegetalspecificcumultespeciiraresauendemiceceimprimnotacaracteristicuneimultitudinidesintaxoni.

AcumulareandecursultimpuluiadatelorreferitoarelavegetaiaRomniei, reflectat n conspecte pariale (ex. BorzaA. et BocaiuN.1965;BeldieA.etDihoruG.1967;CsrsKptalanM.1970;MoldovanI.etal.1969;PopI.etal.2002;ChifuT.etal.2006)sausinteze(DoniN.etal. 1992; Cristea V. 1993; Doni N. et al. 2005) a permis reliefareacaracteruluizonelorsauregiunilorcercetate,concomitentcuomaibunconturareicaracterizareasintaxonilorintlniinteritoriileinvestigate.

Amploareacercetrilor fitocenologice ntreprinsepn nprezent,reflectate n apariia a numeroase monografii, a permis acoperireaaproape n totalitate a teritoriului rii, la diferite scri de detaliu, itotodatiniiereaanumeroaseprogramedemonitorizareiconservareaunorsuprafeesauariiprotejatedemareinterestiinificsaueconomic.

nacestscop,lucrareadefavinenajutorulspecialitiloricelorinteresai de studiul covorului vegetal al Romniei cu o sintez asintaxonilorsemnalaipnnprezent.Cuaceastocaziesuntprezentatela fiecare asociaie date de sintaxonomie, ecologie, structur cenotic,corologie, dinamic i evoluie succesional, permind cercettoriloranalizecomparativecuobservaiileicercetrilepersonale.

Desigur,peparcursulacumulriidenoidateidatoritfaptuluicdiferitelefitocenozeprezintdireciiparticularedeevoluie,clasificrilenusevoroprinstadiulprezent.Vorexistamereuproblemederezolvatprivind volumul i gradul de diversitate al efectivelor populaionaleanalizate, structura i ecologia fitocenozelor, rolul factorilor de stres.Acestea,alturidedateleobinuteprindescriereaunorgrupriinediteistudiul evoluiei acestora, vor conduce cu siguran la reconsiderareacenozelor i, sperm, implicit la adoptarea msurilor concrete degestionareiconservare.

AutoriiBucureti,februarie2008

4

ISTORICULCERCETRILORFITOCENOLOGICEDINROMNIA

Studiile privind structura covorului vegetal din ara noastr

saudesfurat la nceput netapafitogeografic(18631918),avnddreptcaracteristicprincipalinventariereafloreipeanumiteteritoriibine delimitate, ocazie cu care se fac primele raionri floristicedelimitnduse iunelearealecuelementedefinitoriipropriipentruaa numitele inuturi sau provincii floristice. Lucrarea de referinpentruaceastetap iniialo reprezintZoneledevegetaie lemnoasdin Romnia n raport cu condiiile orohidrografice, climatice, de sol isubsolpublicatdeEnculescuP. (1929) nMemoriile InstitutuluideGeografiealRomniei.

netapaa2afitocenologic(19181948)seafirmcoaladelaCluj, a cruimentor a fost profesorulAlexandru Borza. El publicprimele articole cu caracter fitocenologic: Studii botanice n CmpiaArdealului(1920),Ctevanoiunidefitosociologie(pdurea,stepaierboas)(1921), Studii fitosociologice n Munii Retezatului (1934), VegetaiaMuntelui Semenic (1946), Vegetaia Vii Sebeului (1959), VegetaiaPduriiSoca(Banloc)dinBanat(1962),etc.

Studiile efectuate la Cluj, Iai i Bucureti sau soldat cuinventarii floristice asupra unor regiuni geografice sau catenemuntoase. Adesea sau investigat cu precdere anumite tipuri devegetaie cum ar fi: puni i fnee, pduri, srturi, buruieniuri,etc.

n etapa ecologofitosociologic (1948pn n prezent) saufcut progrese nsemnate n cenotaxonomia gruprilor ntlnite nteritoriileinvestigate,realizndusesintezedenaltniveltiinific.

Enumerm principalele monografii aprute n acest interval(pentrureferinecompleteiolistmaiamplasevedeaBibliografia):

erbnescuI.(1939)FloraivegetaiaMasivuluiPenteleu. PaucA.(1941)StudiufitocenologicnMuniiCodruiMuma. Pucaru D., PucaruSoroceanu E., Pauc A., erbnescu I.,

BeldieA.,tefureacT.,CernescuN.,SaghinF.,CreuV.,LupanL.,TascencoV.(1956)PunilealpinedinMuniiBucegi.

5

RvruM.,Czceanu I.,TurenschiE. (1956)Contribuiuni lastudiul punilor i fneelor din depresiunea Jijiei superioare i aBauluiidealurileCopluCozancea.

BorzaA.(1959)FloraivegetaiaViiSebeului. BuiaA.,Safta I.,PunM.,PavelC. (1960)PajitiledinMasivulParng.Studiugeobotanicimbuntirealor.

PopE.(1960)MlatiniledeturbdinR.P.R. BuiaA.(1963)LesassociationsaNardusstrictaL.delaR.P.R. PucaruSoroceanuE.,PucaruD.,BuiaA.,BurdujaC.,Csrs

S., Grneanu A., Niedermaier K., Popescu C.P., Rvru M.,Resmeri I., SamoilZ.,VasiuV.,VeleaC. (1963) Punile ifneele din Republica Popular Romn. Studiu geobotanic iagroproductiv.

PunM.(1964)FloraivegetaiaraionuluiBal,regiuneaOltenia. CiucM.(1965)VegetaiapajitilordinMuniiCiuca. BeldieA.(1967)FloraivegetaiaMunilorBucegi. MorariuI.(1967)ClasificareavegetaieinitrofiledinRomnia. PacovschiS.,DoniN. (1967)Vegetaia lemnoasdin silvostepaRomniei.

Todor I.,Culic S. (1967)Contribuiuni la studiul punilor dinMasivulGrbova(studiugeobotanicideproducie).

Pop I. (1968) Flora i vegetaia Cmpiei Criurilor. InterfluviulCriulNegruCriulRepede.

DihoruG.,DoniN.(1970)FloraivegetaiaPodiuluiBabadag. Resmeri I. (1970) Flora, vegetaia i potenialul productiv peMasivulVldeasa.

Spiridon L. (1970) Flora i vegetaia ruderal i segetal dinmprejurimileorauluiBucureti.

BocaiuN. (1971) Flora i vegetaiaMunilor arcu,Godeanu iCernei.

RaiuF.(1971)AsociaiiderogozurinaltedinmlatinileeutrofealeDepresiuniiGiurgeului.

ZanoschiV.(1971)FloraivegetaiaMasivuluiCeahlu. GergelyI.,RaiuF.(1973)VegetaiamlatiniloreutrofedinbazinulsuperioralCiucului.

6

Mititelu D. (1973) Flora i vegetaia din depresiunea i colineleElanului(jud.Vaslui).

VialariuG.(1973)ContribuiilacunoatereavegetaieiruderaledinMoldova.

RomanN.(1974)FloraivegetaiadinsudulPodiuluiMehedini. DihoruG.(1975)nveliulvegetaldinMasivulSiriu. HoreanuC.(1975)StudiulfloreiivegetaieiPodiuluiCasimcea. MititeluD.(1975)FloraivegetaiajudeuluiVaslui. SchneiderBinderE.(1975)FloraivegetaiadepresiuniiSibiuluiiadealurilormarginale.

MititeluD.,BarabaN.(1978)FloraivegetaiajudeuluiBacu. Srbu I. (1978)Flora ivegetaiadinbazinulChinejii iaPrutuluintreRogojeniMstcani.

Sanda V., Popescu A., Doltu M.I., Nedelcu G.A. (1979)ConspectulvegetaieiacvaticeipalustredinRomnia.

Sanda V., Popescu A., Doltu M.I. (1980) Cenotaxonomia icorologiagruprilorvegetaledinRomnia.

tefanN.(1980)CercetareafloreiivegetaieidinbazinulsuperioralruluiRmnicuSrat.

PopescuA.,SandaV.,DoltuM.I.,NedelcuA.G.(1984)VegetaiaCmpieiMunteniei.

Chifu T., Mititelu D., Dsclescu D. (1987) Flora i vegetaiajudeuluiNeam.

ColdeaG.(1990)MuniiRodnei.Studiugeobotanic. ColdeaG. (1991)Prodromedes associationsvgtalesdesCarpatesdesudest(CarpatesRoumaines).

DoniN., IvanD,ColdeaG.,SandaV.,PopescuA.,ChifuT.,PaucComnescuM.,MititeluD.,BocaiuN. (1992)VegetaiaRomniei.

MititeluD,SrbuI.,PtracA.,GogiuZ.,OpreaA.(1993)FloraivegetaiajudeuluiGalai.

DrgulescuC.(1995)FloraivegetaiadinBazinulViiSadului. KarcsonyiC.(1995)FloraivegetaiajudeuluiSatuMare. MititeluD, tefan,N.,CoroiAM.,DiaconuM. (1996)Flora ivegetaiajudeuluiVrancea.

7

PopoviciD.,ChifuT.,CiubotariuC.,MititeluD.,LupacuG.,DavidescuG.,PascalP.(1996)PajitiledinBucovina.

Coldea G., Sanda V., Popescu A., tefan N. (1997) Lesassociations vgtales de Roumanie. Tome 1. Les associationsherbacesnaturalles.

Alexiu V. (1998) Vegetaia Masivului IezerPpua. Studiufitocenologic.

Oroian S. (1998) Flora i vegetaia Defileului Mureului ntreTopliaiDeda.

Sanda V., Popescu A., Baraba N. (1998) Cenotaxonomia icaracterizareagruprilorvegetaledinRomnia.

LupacuA. (1999)Studiu sinecologic comparativ nunelegruprivegetalehigrofiledinzonasubmontanajudeelorSuceavaiNeam.

SandaV.,ArcuM. (1999) Sintaxonomia gruprilor vegetale dinDobrogeaiDeltaDunrii.

CoroiAM.(2001)FloraivegetaiabazinuluiruluiMilcov. CoroiM.(2001)Floraivegetaiabazinuluiruluiuia. MihilescuS.(2001)FloraivegetaiaMasivuluiPiatraCraiului. MonahF.(2001)FloraivegetaiacormofitelordinluncaSiretului. SandaV., PopescuA., Stancu I.D.. (2001) Structura cenotic icaracterizareaecologicafitocenozelordinRomnia.

Popescu G., Costache I., Rduoiu D., Gmneci G. (2001)VegetaiapajitilorpermanentedinnordulOlteniei.

PopI.(2002)VegetaiasolurilorsrturoasedinRomnia. Pop I., Cristea V., Hodian I. (2002) Vegetaia judeului Cluj(Studiufitocenologic,ecologic,bioeconomiciecoprotectiv).

SandaV.(2002)VademecumcenostructuralprivindcovorulvegetaldinRomnia.

SrbuC.(2002)Contribuiilastudiulfloristic,agroigeobotanicalburuienilordinpodgoriileCotnari,IaiiHui.

BurescuP. (2003)Flora ivegetaiazonelorumededinnordvestulRomniei.

DrgulescuC.(2003)CormoflorajudeuluiSibiu Nechita N. (2003) Flora i vegetaia cormofitelor din MasivulHma,CheileBicazuluiiLaculRou.

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Huanu M. (2004) Diversitatea florei vasculare, a vegetaiei i amacromicetelordinBazinulJijiei(jud.Botoani).

Doni N., Popescu A., PaucComnescu M., Mihilescu S.,BiriI.A.(2005)HabitateledinRomnia.

MatacS.(2005)ParculNaionalPoriledeFier.Flor,vegetaieiprotecianaturii.

SandaV.etal.(20052007).Breviarfitocenologic.IIV. SmrghianM.(2005)FloraivegetaiaViiGurghiului. ArdeleanA.(2006)FloraivegetaiajudeuluiArad. Chifu T., Mnzaru C, Zamfirescu O. (2006) Flora i vegetaiaMoldovei.

ZamfirescuO.(2007)Flora ivegetaiamaluluistngal laculuideacumulareIzvorulMunteluiBicaz.

9

METODEDESTUDIUAVEGETAIEI

nmomentulplanificriistudiuluivegetaieiuneianumitezone

trebuiesavemnvedere(KentetCoker1995):a) scopul studiului modul de descriere i de prezentare a

trsturilor i caracteristicilor vegetaiei depinznd deobiectivulgeneraldestudiu;

b) scarastudiuluimetodelededescriereavegetaieidiferindfoartemultnfunciederezoluialacaresefaceabordarea,pornind de la o descriere general a unui teritoriu maiamplu,pn laprezentareadetaliatavegetaieipecivametriptrai;

c) tipuldehabitattehniciledestudiutrebuiesfieadaptatei la condiiile specificedin teritoriul abordat, astfel existdiferene n studiul vegetaiei acvatice i terestre, avegetaieiuneipduriiauneipuni,etc.;

d) dotarea resursauman, echipamentul, timpuldisponibiliresurselefinanciarefiinddeopotrivimportante.

Studiiledevegetaietrebuiesparcurgtreietape:pregtitoare,

analitic i sintetic,etape carevor fiprezentate ndetaliu n cele ceurmeaz.

1.Etapapregtitoare

Aceast prim etap este important pentru formarea uneiimagini de ansamblu asupra terenului ce urmeaz s fie studiat ipentru organizarea lucrului efectiv. nainte de ieirea n teren, seefectueazurmtoareleactiviti:

- alegereaidelimitareaterenului,pentruaceastaseutilizeazhritopograficelaoscarctmaidetaliat(scarmare:1:50001:50000,scarmedie1:1000001:200000)ictmairecente posibil. Alturi de acestea sunt recomandate iaerofotogramelerespectivimaginilesatelitare,cumeniuneac proiecia acestora trebuie verificat i procesat nprealabil(ortofotograme);

10

- consultarea literaturii tiinifice privind cadrul fizicogeografic al zonei i studiile botanice din regiune i dinzonelenvecinate;

- reactualizarea cunotinelor privindmetodologia de lucruavnd n vedere particularitile tipurilor de vegetaieposibiledinzona respectiv i caractereleunor specii cearputeafintlniteacolo.

2.Etapaanalitic

Este etapa de teren pe parcursul creia se identific structuracalitativ, cantitativ i spaial (orizontal i vertical) afitocenozelor.nvedereaobineriiuneiimaginictmaiampleprivindcomunitatea vegetal studiat, se recomand ca n aceast fazstudiile s se fac prin colaborare ntre fitosociologi, taxonomiti,pedologi,geomorfologiiclimatologi.Pentru studiul vegetaiei din ara noastr sa utilizat metodareleveelorfitosociologiceacoliifloristicefitocenologicedelaZrichMontpellier,elaboratdeBraunBlanquetJ.(Zrich)ncolaborarecuPavillardJ.(Montpellier).Releveulfitocenologiciindiciifitocenologici

Releveulfitocenologicreprezintuninventarfloristic(listdespecii)cu indici calitativi i cantitativi (BraunBlanquet et Pavillard 1928)respectiv informaii ecologice referitoare la orografie, sol,microclimat, influene de natur antropozoogene, etc. Efectuareacorect a releveului are importanmajor deoarece de el depindinterpretrilesintaxonomiceulterioare.

perioada optim de efectuare a releveelor depinde att detipuldevegetaiestudiat (zona,etajuldevegetaie)ct idescopulcercetrii (n staionar, pe itinerar). Perioadele cele mai favorabilesuntcelencarevegetaianregistreazcelmaimarenumrdespeciicomplet dezvoltate, ceea ce este important att n identificareaspeciilorctincaptareauneidiversitictmaimari(Cristea1993).Se recomand consultarea literaturii de specialitate privindperioadele optime de efectuare a releveelor n funcie de tipul de

11

vegetaie studiat (Cristea et al. 2004). n cazul studiilor realizatepeitinerar, surprinderea aspectului vernal i al celui estival suntconsideratesuficiente.

alegerea locului releveelor se face n zone ctmai omogenefloristic i ecologic. Se consider ca omogene suprafeele n carecombinaiade specii i condiiiledemediu (relief, sol,microclimat)variaz nesemnificativ. Delimitarea fitocenozelor (poriuni concrete,delimitabile n spaiu, a vegetaieiunui teren, cu condiii ecologiceunitare i indici fitocenologici specifici [Csrs etResmeri, 1960])are o importanmajor, deoarece ea determin toate demersurileulterioare. Zonele de tranziie dintre comuniti vor putea fiinterpretateabiadupce fitocenozeleau fost identificate.Alturidezoneledetranziiemaitrebuiescevitateiplcurile,locurileundeaufostdepuse ngrminte, zonele exploatate; ngeneral teritoriile ncareaacionatunfactorperturbatorbiologicsaufizic.Studiulacestorperimetreafectate se face n cazurile n care seurmreteoanalizcomparativazonelorcaracteristicecuceleafectate.

Releveele ce au fost efectuate pe suprafee cu un grad deomogenitatemaresepotutilizacaibioindicatoare.Releveelecenupotfincadratencriteriiledeomogenitatefloristiciecologicvorficlasificatecaicomplexeisevornlturadinanaliz,maialesncazul efecturii sintezelor. Releveele efectuate n grupri vegetalenestructurate, degradate sau pe suprafee prea mici (suprafaareleveului

12

nu semai gsescnoi specii nurmadublriimrimii suprafeeideprob.Launmomentdatpanta curbeide acumulare se va reducesemnificativ (n punctul de inflexiune), suprafaa ce corespundeacestuipunctpurtnddenumireadearealminim.Pentrumajoritateatipurilor de vegetaie arealul minim este cunoscut i indicat nliteraturadespecialitate(ex.Ivan&Spiridon1983;Cristea1993;Kentet.Coker1995).Pebazaacestorinformaii,releveultrebuiefcutpeosuprafacelpuinegalcuarealulminim,nsituaiicontrareacestafiindconsideratfragmentar.

formasuprafeelordeprobdepindedecondiiileecologiceide aspectul fitocenozelor din zona studiat. Metoda cea mairspnditesteceaasuprafeelorptrate(metodaquadratelor)

numrul releveelorcevor fiefectuate seconsider n funciedecomplexitateastructuralavegetaiei,demrimeafitocenozelorideniveluldedetaliuceesteurmrit.Defiecaredatcndcombinaiadespeciii/saucondiiiledemediuseschimbtrebuiesseefectuezenoi relevee, evitnduse ns efectuarea de relevee n staiunianaloage. Efectuarea a mai mult dect un releveu pentru fiecaresuprafa omogen din punct de vedere floristic i ecologic nu sejustificdectncazulunorsuprafeemari.

ncazulasociaiilorcunoscutesestabileteunnumrminimderelevee necesare (Weber et al. 2000) pentru dovedirea aparteneneifitocenozei respective la o anumit asociaie. Pentru a uurainterpretarea sintaxonomic se recomand totuiunnumr ctmaimarederelevee. ncazulasociaiilornoisuntnecesareminimum10relevee(Cristeaetal.2004),cucondiiacaacesteasnufiedinaceeailocalitate.

moduldeefectuareareleveelordepindefoartemultnfunciedescopulurmritdarideexperienaceluicerealizeazstudiul.Deaceeaserecomandaplicareaunuiprotocoldelucrupentrucastudiiles fie ct mai eficiente, repetabile i credibile. Aceast faz serealizeaz prin deplasarea n teren urmrind anumite trasee(itinerarii) stabilite n aa fel nct s se asigure trecerea prin toateformaiile vegetale, tipurile de staiuni i eventualele zone cuinfluenelocale.

13

Dup stabilirea locului n care seva realiza releveul (conformcelorprezentatemaisus),seva ncepecompletarea fieideobservaieprin:

- notarealocalizrii(dacesteposibil,folosindtehnologiaGPSGlobalPositioningSystem sistemdepoziionareglobalprinsatelit)idatei;

- notarea caracteristicilor topografice i edafice ale staiunii,modului de folosire a terenului i intensitatea presiuniiantropozoogene;

- determinarea,apreciereainotareaactorvansuirigeneraleale fitocenozeistudiate ialecomponentelorei,cureferire lanlime, stratificare, grad de acoperire (general i conformstratificriipevertical),etc.;

- nscrirea speciilor prezente n suprafaa de prob cumenionareaclaseideabundendominan(AD)precumiaaltor indici populaionali (ex. acoperirea, frecvena,sociabilitatea,vitalitatea, starea fenologic,etc.).Speciile caresegsesclamargineareleveeloricarenusuntnrdcinateninteriorulacestuia senoteaz la sfritul listei,urmnd s sedecidulteriorincluderea/excludereaacestoradinprezentareafinal a releveului.Senoteazdac suntprezente sinuziidemuchisaulicheniisecolecteazmaterialbiologicnvedereadeterminrii;

- se realizeaz fotografierea releveului (aspect general idetalii), colectarea plantelor neidentificate (pentrudeterminareaulterioar)iserecolteazprobedesol.

3.Etapasintetic

Aceastetapsedesfoarnceamaimarepartenlaboratoriarecaobiectivrealizareaunorclasificri finalizateprinelaborareaunorsintezecenotaxonomiceirealizareahrilordevegetaie.

Procedeulclasic,utilizatcuprecderenEuropaCentralideEst,esteceldescrisdecoalaluiJosiasBraunBlanquetiperfecionatde coala lui Reinhold Txen i const n realizarea unor tabele deasociaie. n acestea se prezint caracterele sintetice (numrul de

14

specii, constana, AD, similitudinea, uniformitatea, etc.) alefitocenozelor, se noteaz speciile caracteristice, cele nsoitoare iaccidentaleprecumispeciiledifereniale.

Pelngreprezentareatabelaricatografic,naceastfazsefac i recomandri n ceea ce privete interveniile necesare pentrugestionareape termen lung i conservarea integritii comunitilorstudiate.Bibliografieselectivrecomandatspreconsultarepentruprezentrimaidetaliateaetapelor imetodelorde studiu specificeutilizate nfitosociologie:

AlexiuV.(1998)Practicumdefitosociologie.Edit.Cultura,Piteti.

AnghelG.,RvruM.,TurcuG. (1971)Geobotanica.Edit.Ceres,Bucureti.

BorhidiA.(2003)Magyarorszgnvnytrsulsai.AkadmiaiKiad,Budapest.

BorzaA.,BocaiuN. (1965) Introducere nstudiulcovoruluivegetal.Edit.Acad.R.P.R,Bucureti.

BraunBlanquetJ.(1964)Pflanzensoziologie,ed.III.SpringerVerlag,WienNewYork.

Cain S.A., Castro Oliveira G.M. (1959) Manual of VegetationAnalysis.HarperandBrothers,NewYork.

Cairns D.A. (2001) A comparison of methods for predictingvegetationtype.PlantEcology156:318.

Cristea V. (1993) Fitocenologie i vegetaia Romniei. Edit. Univ.BabeBolyai,ClujNapoca.

CristeaV.,GaftaD., Pedrotti F. (2004). Fitosociologie. Edit. PresaUniv.Clujean,ClujNapoca.

IvanD.(1979)FitocenologieivegetaiaR.S.Romnia.Edit.DidacticiPedagogic,Bucureti.

15

IvanD., SpiridonL. (1983)Fitosociologie i vegetaiaR.S.Romnia.Manualdelucrripractice.Univ.Bucureti.

Kent M., Coker P. (1995) Vegetation description and analysis. Apracticalapproach.JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork.

Meentemeyer R.K., Moody A. (2000) Rapid sampling of plantspecies composition for assessing vegetation patterns in ruggedterrain.LandscapeEcology15:697711.

kland R.H. (1990) Vegetation ecology: theory, methods andapplicationswithreferencetoFennoscandia.SommerfeltiaSupplement1:1233.Oslo.

RaiuO. (1982) Fitocenologie i vegetaiaR.S.Romnia.Edit.Univ.BabeBolyai,ClujNapoca.

Stohlgren T.J., Chong G.W., Kalkhan M.A., Schell L.D. (1997)Rapid assessment ofplantdiversitypatterns: amethodology forlandscapes.EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment48:2543.

PRESCURTRI:

auct.transs.auctorumtranssilvanicumauct.roman.auctorumromanumined.ineditumn.n.nomennudumnom.mut.propos.nomenmutatumpropositumnom.prov.nomenprovisoriump.p.propartepromin.p.prominimumpartes.l.sensolatosyn.sinonim

Br.Bl.JosiasBraunBlanquet

16

CONSPECTULSINTAXONOMICALASOCIAIILOR

I.LEMNETEAO.deBolsetMasclans1955LEMNETALIAMINORISO.deBolsetMasclans1955LemnionminorisO.deBolsetMasclans19551. LemnetumgibbaeMiyavakietJ.Txen19602. LemnetumminorisOberdorferex.Th.MlleretGrs19603. Marsileaetumquadrifoliae(natantis)Burescu2003RiccioLemniontrisulcaeR.Txen19744. LemnetumtrisulcaeKnappetStoffers19625. LemnominorisSpirodeletumKoch19546. RiccietumfluitansSlavni19567. WolffietumarrhizaeMiyawakietJ.Txen1960LemnoSalvinionnatantisSlavni19568. LemnoSalvinietumnatantisMiyavakietJ.Txen19609. SpirodeloSalvinietumSlavni195610. LemnetoAzolletumfiliculoidisBr.Bl.1952LEMNOUTRICULARIETALIAPassarge1978UtricularionvulgarisPassarge197811. LemnoUtricularietumvulgarisSo192812. SpirodeloAldrovandetumBorhidietKomldi1959HYDROCHARIETALIARbel1933HydrocharitionRbel193313. LemnoHydrocharitetum(Oberdorfer1957)Passarge197814. StratiotetumaloidisNowinski1930Ceratophylliondemersi(So1927n.n.)DenHartogetSegal196415. CeratophylletumdemersiHild195616. Ceratophylletumsubmersi(So1928)DenHartogetSegal1964II.CHARETEAFRAGILIS(Fukarek1961)Krausch1964CHARETALIAHISPIDAESauer1937CharionaspereaeKrause196917. CharetumtomentosaeCorillion195718. CharetumasperaeCorillion195719. NitellopsidetumobtusaeSauerexDombska196120. CharetumfragilisCorillion195721. CharetumcontrariaeCorillion1957CharionvulgarisKrause198122. CharetumvulgarisCorillion1957

17

23. CharoTolypeletumintricatae(Corillion1957)Krause1969CharioncanescentisKrausch196424. CharetumcanescentisCorillion195725. CharetumconniventisCorillion1957NITELLETALIAFLEXILISKrause1969Nitellionflexilis(Corillion1957)Krause196926. NitelletumgracilisCorillion195727. CharetumbrauniiCorillion1957NitellionsyncarpotenuissimaeKrause196928. NitelletumsyncarpotenuissimaeKrause196929. NitelletummucronataeCorillion195730. TolypelletumproliferaeKrause196931. LychnothamnetumbarbatiIonescueculescu1967III.ZOSTERETEAMARINAEPignatti1953ZOSTERETALIAMARINAE Bequinot 1941 em. R. Txen et Oberdorfer1958ZosterionmarinaeChristiansen193432. ZosteretummarinaeBorgensenexvanGoor1921IV.RUPPIETEAMARITIMAEJ.Txen1960RUPPIETALIAMARITIMAEJ.Txen1960RuppionmaritimaeBr.Bl.193133. Ruppietummaritimae(Haquette1927)Iversen1934V.POTAMOGETONETEAPECTINATIR.TxenetPreising1942POTAMOGETONETALIAPECTINATIKoch1926PotamogetionlucentisRivasMartinez197334. ElodeetumcanadensisEggler197335. ElodeetumnuttaliiCiocrlanetal.199736. MyriophylloPotametumlucentisSo193437. PotamogetonetumlucentisHueck193138. PotamogetonetumperfoliatiKoch1926em.Passarge196439. Potamogetonetumnodosi(So1960)Segal196440. PotametoCeratophylletumsubmersiI.Pop1962PotamionpusilliVollmarem.Hejn197841. NajadetummarinaeFukarek196142. NajadetumminorisUbriszy194143. ZannichellietumpedicellataeNordhagen1954em.Pott199244. ZannichellietumpalustrisLang196745. PotamogetonetumcrispiSo192746. PotamogetonetumgramineiKoch1926

18

47. PotamogetonetumpectinatiCarstensen195548. PotamogetonetumtrichoidisFreitetal.1956NymphaeionalbaeOberdorfer195749. NymphaeetumalbaeVollmar194750. NymphaeetumalbocandidaePassarge1957nymphaeetosumcandidae

tefanetal.199751. NymphaeetumlotusthermalisBorza(1931)196352. Polygonetumamphibii(natans)So192753. PotametumnatantisSo192754. Nympoidetumpeltatae(Allorge1922)Bellot195155. TrapoNymphoidetumOberdorfer195756. TrapetumnatantisKrpti196357. MyriophylloverticillatiNupharetumluteaeKoch1926CALLITRICHOBATRACHIETALIAPassarge1964RanunculionaquatilisPassarge196458. Batrachio trichophylliCallitrichetum cophocarpae (So 1927) Pcs in

Pcsetal.195859. Callitrichetumpalustris(Dihoru1975n.n.)Burescu199960. HottonietumpalustrisR.Txen193761. RanunculetumaquatilisGhu1961VI.LITTORELLETEAUNIFLORAER.Txen1947LITTORELLETALIAUNIFLORAEKoch1926EleocharitionacicularisPietsch196762. EleocharidetumacicularisKoch1926em.Oberdorfer1957VII.ISOTONANOJUNCETEABr.Bl.etR.TxenexWesthoffetal.1946NANOCYPERETALIAKlika1935NanocyperionKochexLibbert193263. DichostylidomichelianaeGnaphalietumuliginosiHorvati193164. CyperetumflavescentisKochexAichinger193365. JuncetumbufoniiFelfldy194266. LindernioIsolepetumMorariu194367. LimoselletoRanunculetumlaterifloriI.Pop(1962)196868. Myosuretumminimi(Diemont,Sissingh,Westhoff1940)R.Txen195169. CyperoLimoselletum(Oberdorfer1957)Kornek196070. GypsophiletomuralisRadioletumlinoidisMititeluetal.197371. PolygonoEleocharietumovataeEggler193372. EleocharetoSchoenoplectetumsupiniSoetUbrizsyinUbrizsy194873. LythrothymifoliiDichostyletumhamulosiDihoruetNegrean197674. ass.LythrumtribracteatumLythrumhyssopifoliaSlavni1951

19

VerbenionsupinaeSlavni195175. PulicarioMenthetumpulegiiSlavni1951VIII.PHRAGMITETEAAUSTRALISR.TxenetPreising1942PHRAGMITETALIAKoch1926PhragmitioncommunisKoch192676. AcoretumcalamiEggler193377. ScirpoPhragmitetumKoch192678. TyphetumangustifoliaePignatti195379. TyphetumlaxmanniiNedelcu196980. TyphetumschuttleworthiiSo192781. TyphetumlatifoliaeLang197382. SchoenoplectetumlacustrisChouchard192483. GlycerietummaximaeHueck193184. EquisetetumfluviatilisSteffen193185. CladietummarisciAllorge1922exZobrist193586. ThelyteridoPhragmitetumKuiper195887. Cyperetum(Juncelletum)serotiniKrausch196588. IretumpseudacoriEggler1933BOLBOSCHOENETALIAMARITIMIHejninHolubetal.1967CirsiobrachycephaliBolboschoenion(Passarge1978)Mucina199389. BolboschoenetummaritimiEggler193390. SchoenoplectetumtabernaemontaniSo194791. AsterotripoliiPhragmitetumhumilisKrisch(1972)1974NASTURTIOGLYCERIETALIAPignatti1953SparganioGlycerionfluitantisBr.Bl.etSissingh194292. Glycerietumplicatae(Kulczynschi1928)Oberdorfer195293. SparganietumerectiRoll193894. LeersietumoryzoidisKrauseinR.Txen1955em.Passarge195795. GlycerietumfluitantisEggler193396. CatabrosetumaquaticaeRbel191297. MenthoSietum angustifoliae Nedelcu 1971 corr. Mentho aquatice

BeruletumerectaeSandaetal.2001PhalaridionarundinaceaeKopeck196198. CalamagrostetumpseudophragmitisKopeck196199. Phalaridetumarundinaceae(Koch1926)Libbert1931100. AgrostetumgiganteiSandaetal.1994OENANTHETALIAAQUATICAEHejninKopeck1961exHejn1965OenanthionaquaticaeHejnexNeuhusl1959101. EleocharitetumpalustrisSchennikov1919

20

102. Hippuridetumvulgaris(Rbel1912)Passarge1955103. OenanthoRorippetumLohmeyer1950104. SagittarioSparganietumemersiR.Txen1953MAGNOCARICETALIAPignatti1953MagnocaricionelataeKoch1926Caricenionrostratae(BaltovTulkov1963)Oberdorferetal.1967105. CaricetumappropinquataeSoinAszld1953106. CaricetumelataeKoch1926107. CaricetumpaniculataeWangerin1916108. CaricetumbuxbaumiiIssler1932109. CaricetumrostrataeRbel1912110. CicutoCaricetumpseudocyperiBoeretSissinghinBoer1942111. CariciCalamagrostetumneglectaeSo(1955)1971Cariceniongracilis(Neuhusl1959)Oberdorferetal.1967112. CaricetumacutiformisEggler1933113. CaricetumdistichaeNowinski1927114. CaricetumgracilisAlmquist1929115. CaricetumripariaeKnappetStoffer1962116. CaricetumvesicariaeChouard1924117. CaricetumvulpinaeNovinski1927118. IridetoCaricetumotrubaeBurescu1999119. PotumpalustrisResmerietO.Raiu120. CalamagrostetumcanescentisPodbielowski1970121. CaricetoLeucojetumaestivi(Borza1966)Dobrescu1970IX.MONTIOCARDAMINETEABr.Bl.etR.Txen1943MONTIOCARDAMINETALIAPawowski1928CardaminionamaraeMass1959122. CardaminoChrysosplenietumalternifoliiMaas1959CardaminoMontionBr.Bl.1926123. ChrysosplenioalpiniSaxifragetumstellarisPawowskietWalas1949124. PhilonotidoCalthetumlaetae(Krajina1939)Coldea1991125. CariciremotaeCalthetumlaetaeColdea(1972)1978126. CardaminetumopiziiSzaferetal.1923127. AlchemillomollisGlycerietumnemoralisPopescuetSanda1998128. Cardamino flexuosaeSaxifragetum cymbalariae Mititelu et Baraba

1994129. SwertiopunctateSaxifragetumstellarisColdea(1995,1996)1997CratoneurioncommutatiKoch1928130. DoronicocarpaticiSaxifragetumaizoidisColdea(1986)1990

21

131. Cratoneuretumfilicinocommutati(Kuhn1937)Oberdorfer1977132. Cochleario pyrenaicaeCratoneuretum commutati (Oberdorfer 1957)

Th.Mller1961X.SCHEUCHZERIOCARICETEANIGRAER.Txen1937SCHEUCHZERIOCARICETALIANIGRAENordhagen1937RhynchosporionalbaeKoch1926133. CaricetumlimosaeBr.Bl.1921134. SphagnocuspidatiRhynchosporetumalbaeOsvald1923em.Koch1926CaricionlasiocarpaeVandenBergenapudLebrunetal.1949135. CaricetumlasiocarpaeOsvald1923em.Dierssen1982136. Caricetumdiandrae(Jonas1932)Oberdorfer1957137. SwertioperennisCaricetumchordorrhizaeColdea(1986)1990CARICETALIANIGRAEKoch1926CaricionnigraeKoch1926em.Klika1934138. JuncoCaricetumnigraeR.Txen(1937)1952139. CaricidaciaePlantaginetumgentianoidisBocaiuetal.1972140. EriophoretumscheuchzeriRbel1912141. SphagnoCaricetumrostrataeSteffen1931142. CariciechinataeSphagnetum(Balzs1942)So1955143. JuncofiliformisCaricetumnigraeSandaetPopescu1988CalamagrostidionneglectaePreisingapudOberdorfer1949144. CalamagrostetumneglectaeTengwal1920CARICETALIADAVALLIANAEBr.Bl.1949CariciondavallianaeKlika1934145. OrchidoSchoenetumnigricantisOberdorfer1957146. CaricetumdavallianaeDutoit1924147. Seslerietumuliginosae(Palmgren1916)So1941148. CariciflavaeEriophoretumlatifoliiSo1944149. CariciflavaeBlysmetumcompressiColdea1997XI.OXYCOCCOSPHAGNETEABr.Bl.etR.TxenexWestoffetal.1946SPHAGNETALIAMAGELLANICI(Pawowski1928)Moore1968SphagnionmagellaniciKstneretFlsner1933150. Sphagnetummagellanici(Malcuit1929)KstneretFlsner1933151. EriophorovaginatiSphagnetumrecurviHueck1925XII.FESTUCETEAVAGINATAESo1968FESTUCETALIAVAGINATAESo1957FestucionvaginataeSo1929152. FestucetumvaginataeRapaicsexSo1929153. FestucetumbeckeriSandaetPopescu1997

22

154. FestucetumpolesicaeA.Oprea1998155. FestucovaginataeCorynephoretumSoinAszd1935156. KoelerioglaucaeStipetumborysthenicaePopescuetSanda1987157. SalicetorosmarinifoliaeHoloschoenetumvulgarisMititeluetal.1973BassiolanifloraeBromiontectorum(So1957)Borhidi1996158. BrometumtectorumBojko1934159. BromoCynodontetumPopI.1970160. AperetummaritimaePopescu,SandaetDoltu1980161. SecalisylvestrisBrometumtectorumHargitai1940162. AchilleoochroleucaeSecalietumsylvestrisMititeluetal.1973163. KochiolanifloraeSecalietumsylvestrisMititeluetal.1973FestucoMollugionBorza1961164. Plantaginetumarenariae(Buiaetal.1960)PopescuetSanda1987165. MolluginetumcervianaeBorza1963166. AchilleoochroleucaeViolaetumhymettiaeSandaetal.2001Scabiosionargentae(Bocaiu1975)PopescuetSanda1987167. SecalisylvestriAlyssetumborzeani(Borza1931n.n.)Morariu1959168. Xeranthemo annuuoScabiosetum argenteae Bocaiu 1975 (incl. ass.

Scabiosa ucranicaMarrubium peregrinum (Borza 1931 n.n.) Morariu1957)

169. ScabiosoargenteaeCaricetumcolchicae(Simon1960)Krausch1965170. HoloschoenoCalamagrostetumepigeiosPopescuetSanda1978171. ScabiosoargenteaeArtemisietumcampestrisPopescuetSanda1968XIII.PUCCINELLIOSALICORNIETEAopa1939SALICORNIETALIABr.Bl.(1928)1933SalicornionprostrataeGhu1989172. SalicornietumprostrataeSo(1927)1964173. Suadetummaritimae(So1927,1957)Wendelberger1943174. SalsoletumsodaeSlavni1939175. SuaedoBassietumhirsutae(Br.Bl.1928)opa1939PUCCINELLIETALIALIMOSAE(So1968)GhuetRivasMartinez1982Puccinellionlimosae(Klika1937)Wendelberger1943,1950176. PuccinellietumlimosaeRapaicsexSo1933,1936(incl.Puccinellietum

convolutaeMonahetAniei1997)177. Aeluropetumlittoralis(Prodan1939)erbnescu1965178. AeluropoSalicornietumKrausch1965179. AeluropoPuccinellietumgiganteiSrbuetal.2000180. PuccinellioSalicornietumPopescuetal.1987181. AeluropoPuccinellietumlimosaePopescuetSanda1975

23

182. LimonioAeluropetumlittoralisSandaetPopescu1992183. LimoniobellidifoliiPuccinellietumconvolutaetefanetal.2001184. Astero pannoniciPuccinellietum distantis Ghu, Roman et Boullet

1994185. LepidiocrassifoliiPuccinellietumlimosaeSo(1947)1957186. PlantaginetummaritimaeRapaics1927187. BassietumsedoidisUbrizsy1948corr.So1964188. Hordeetummaritimierbnescu1965189. Hordeetumhystricis(So1933)Wendelberger1943190. PholiuroPlantaginetumtenuiflorae(Rapaics1927)Wendelberger1943191. CamphorosmetumannuaeRapaicsexSo1933192. Camphorosmetummonspeliaceae(opa1939)erbnescu1965193. Halimionetumpedunculataeerbnescu1965194. Halimionetumverruciferae(Keller1923)opa1939195. Agropyretumelongatierbnescu1965196. AgrostietumponticaePopescuetSanda1973197. ScorzoneromucronataeLeuzeetumsalinaeSandaetal.1998198. Iridetumhalophylae(Prodan1939n.n.)erbnescu1965ScorzoneroJunciongerardi(Wendelberger1943)Vicherek1973199. ScorzoneroparvifloraeJuncetumgerardii (Wenzl1933)Wendelberger

1943200. CaricetumdivisaeSlavni1948201. AsterotripolioTriglochinetummaritimiSo1937,opa1939202. TaraxacobessarabiciCaricetumdistantisWendelberger1943203. TriglochinetopalustrisAsteretumpannoniciSandaetPopescu1979204. AgrostioPeucedanietum latifoliae Turenschi (1966) 1968 corr.

DobrescuetKovcs1972205. PlantaginetocornutiAgrostetumstoloniferaeSoetCsrs1947,1973206. CaricidistantisFestucetumorientalisSandaetPopescu1999CyperoSpergularionSlavni1948207. Spergularietum salinae (Slavni 1948) R. Txen et Volk 1973

atriplicetosum littoralis Sanda et al. 1997; spergularietosum mediaeSandaetal.2001

208. CrypsidetumaculeataeWenzel1934em.Mucina1993209. Heleochlotumschoenoidis(So1933)opa1939em.I.Pop1968210. HeleochlotumalopecuroidisRapaics1927211. AcorelletumpannoniciSo(1939)1947212. SpergularioPolypogonetummonspeliensis(Morariu1957)I.Pop2002BeckmannioneruciformisSo1933

24

213. AgrostioBeckmannietum(Rapaics1916)So1933214. AgrostioAlopecuretumpratensisSo(1933)1947215. AgrostioEleochariAlopecuretumgeniculati(Magyar1928)So1939216. Zingerietum(Agrostetum)pisidicaeBuiaetal.1959em.D.Cru1971217. TrifolietumangulatiI.erbnescu1965ARTEMISIOFESTUCETALIAPSEUDOVINAESo1968FestucionpseudovinaeSo1933218. LimoniogmeliniArtemisietummonogynaeopa1939219. ArtemisioPetrosimonietumtriandraeSo(1927)1947220. AchilleoFestucetumpseudovinae(Magyar1928)So(1933)1945221. ArtemisioFestucetumpseudovinae(Magyar1928)So(1933)1945222. PeucedanoofficinalisAsteretumsedifoliiSo1947corr.Borhidi1996XIV.JUNCETEAMARITIMIBr.Bl.1931JUNCETALIAMARITIMIBr.Bl.1931JuncionmaritimiBr.Bl.1931223. Halocnemetumstrobilacei(Keller1925)opa1939224. JuncetumlittoralimaritimiSandaetal.1998225. JuncetumlittoralisPopescuetal.1992226. Juncetummaritimi(Rbel1930)Pignatti1953227. TeucrioSchoenetumnigricantisSandaetPopescu2002ArmerionmaritimaeBr.Bl.etDeLeeuw1936228. Artemisietummaritimae(Christiansen1927)Br.Bl.etDeLeeuw1936229. CaricetumextensaeBr.Bl.etDeLeeuw1936230. PlantaginetumcoronopiR.Txen1937XV.CAKILETEAMARITIMAER.TxenetPreising1950CAKILETALIAMARITIMAER.TxenapudOberdorfer1949CakilionmaritimaeMorariu1957231. AtriplicetohastataeCakiletumeuxinaeSandaetPopescu1999232. Crambetummaritimae(I.erbnescu1965)Popescuetal.1980233. Convolvuletumpersici(Borza1931n.n.)Sandaetal.1998234. ConvolvuletumlineatusMorariu(1959n.n.)1967EUPHORBIETALIAPEPLISR.Txen1950EuphorbionpeplisR.Txen1950235. Argusietum(Tournefortietum)sibiricaePopescuetSanda1975236. LactucotataricaeGlaucietumflavaeDihoruetNegrean1976237. SalsoloruthenicaeXanthietumstrumariiOberdorferetR.Txen1950238. SalsoloEuphorbietumparaliasPignatti1952239. Atriplicetumlittoralis(Christiansen1933)R.Txen1937XVI.AMMOPHILETEABr.Bl.etR.Txen1943

25

ELYMETALIAARENARIAEBr.Bl.etR.Txen1943ElymiongiganteiMorariu1957240. ElymetumgiganteiMorariu1957241. ArtemisietumarenariaePopescuetSanda1977242. Agropyretumjuncei(Br.Bl.etDeLeeuw1936)R.Txen1952XVII.ORYZETEASATIVAEMiyawaki1960ORYZOECHINOCHLOETALIAO.deBolsetMasclans1955OryzionsativaeKoch1954243. EchinochlooOryzetumsativaeSoetUbrizsy1948XVIII.BIDENTETEATRIPARTITIBIDENTETALIATRIPARTITIBr.Bl.etR.TxenexKlikaetHada1944BidentiontripartitiNordhagen1940em.R.TxeninPolietJ.Txen1960244. BidentiPolygonetumhydropiperisLohmeyerinR.Txen1950245. PolygonolapathifoliiBidentetumtripartitiKlika1935246. XanthiostrumariiBidentetumTimr1947247. Bidentetumcernui(Kobendza1948)Slavni1951248. RumiciAlopecuretumaequalisD.Cru1972249. RanunculetumsceleratiSissinghem.R.Txen1950ChenopodionglauciHejn1974250. Chenopodietum glaucorubriLohmeyer 1950mnscr. apudOberdorfer

1957251. AtriplicetumhastataePolietJ.Txen960252. EchinochlooPolygonetumlapathifoliiSoetCsrs1947XIX. ASPLENIETEA TRICHOMANIS (Br.Bl. in Meier et Br.Bl. 1934)Oberdorfer1977TORTULOCYMBALARIETALIASegal1969CymbalarioAsplenionSegal1969em.Mucina1993253. AsplenietumrutaemurariaetrichomanisR.Txen1937254. Jovibarbo soboliferaeSaxifragetum paniculatae Tuber 1987

erysimetosumtranssilvaniciTuber1987255. AsplenioCeterachetumVives1964256. CymbalarietummuralisGrs1966CystopteridionRichard1972257. CystopteridetumfragilisOberdorfer1938258. AsplenioSchivereckietumpodolicaeMititeluetal.1971259. AsplenioquadrivalentiPotumnemoralisSoexGergelyetal.1966260. ThymopulcherrimiPotumrehmaniiColdea(1986)1990ANDROSACETALIAVANDELIIBr.Bl.inMeieretBr.Bl.1934AsplenionseptentrionalisOberdorfer1938

26

261. AsplenioCaricetumbrachystachyosRichard1972262. ValerianomontanaeCortusetummatthioliBocaiuetTuber1978263. SaxifragoPotumnemoralisPop1968264. WoodsioilvensisAsplenietumseptentrionalisR.Txen1937265. AsplenietumseptentrionaliadiantinigriOberdorfer1938266. SempervivetumheuffeliiSchneiderBinder1969267. AspleniotrichomaniPotumnemoralisBocaiu1971HypnoPolypodionMucina1993268. CtenidioPolypodietumJurkoetPeciar1963269. HypnoPolypodietumvulgarisJurkoetPeciar1963SilenionlerchenfeldianaeSimon1957270. SilenetumdinaricaeSchneiderBinderetVoik1976271. DianthohenteriSilenetumlerchenfeldianaeStancu2002272. SenecioglaberrimiSilenetumlerchenfeldianaeBocaiu,TuberetColdea

1977273. Sileno lerchenfeldianaePotentilletum haynaldianae (Horvat,

PawowskietWalas1937)Simon1958274. AsplenioseptentrionaliSilenetumlerchenfeldianaeHorvat1936ARTEMISIETALIAPETROSAESandaetal.2001GypsophilionpetraeaeBorhidietPcs1957275. SaxifragoluteoviridisSilenetumzawadzkiiPawowskietWalas1949276. ArtemisiopetrosaeGypsophiletumpetraeaeBocaiu,TuberetColdea

1977277. SaxifragomoschataeDrabetumkotschyiPucaruetal.1956278. Saxifrago rochelianaeGypsophiletum petraeae Bocaiu, Tuber et

Coldea1977279. SaxifragodemissaeGypsophiletumpetraeaeBocaiuetTuber1977280. AchilleoschuriiCampanuletumcochleariifoliaeFink1977MicromerionpulegiiBocaiu(1971)1979281. CampanuletumcrassipedisBorza(1931)1936282. DrabolasiocarpaeCeterachetum(SchneiderBinder1969)Peia1978283. AsplenioSilenetumpetraeaeBocaiu1971284. Seslerio rigidaeSaxifragetum rochelianae (Gergely 1967 n.n.) Bocaiu

1971285. MicromerioParietarietummuraleBocaiu1971286. AsplenietumlepidiBocaiu1971XX.THLASPIETEAROTUNDIFOLIIBr.Bl.1926THLASPIETALIAROTUNDIFOLIIBr.Bl.1926PapaveroThymionpulcherrimiPop1968

27

287. CerastiolerchenfeldianiPapaveretumBocaiuetal.1977288. CardaminopsioneglectaePapaveretumColdeaetPnzaru1986289. AcinoGalietumanisophylliBeldie1967290. DoronicocolumnaeRumicetumscutatiBocaiuetal.1977291. CerastiocalcicolaeSaxifragetummoschataeColdea(1986)1990292. SaxifragetummoschataeaizoidisBocaiu1971293. PooalpinaeAlyssetumrepentisBeldie1967294. CerastiotranssilvaniciGalietumlucidiM.Bocaiuetal.1998AchnatherioncalamagrostisBr.Bl.1918295. AchnatheretumcalamagrostisBr.Bl.1918296. GymnocarpietumrobertianaeKuhn1937,R.Txen1937297. SedofabariaeGeranietummacrorrhiziBocaiuetTuber1977298. ThymocomosiGalietumalbiSandaetPopescu1999299. ParietarietumofficinalisCsrsl958ANDROSACETALIAALPINAEBr.Bl.1926VeronicionbaumgarteniiColdea1991300. SaxifragocarpathicaeOxyrietumdyginaePawowskietal.1928301. SaxifragetumcarpathicaecymosaeColdea(1986)1990302. PoocontractaeOxyrietumdyginaeHorvatetal.1937303. SaxifragobryoidisSilenetumacaulisBocaiuetal.1977304. VeronicobaumgarteniiSaxifragetumbryoidisBocaiuetal.1977FestucionpictaeKrajina1933305. FestucetumpictaeKrajina1933XXI.SALICETEAHERBACEAEBr.Bl.1947SALICETALIAHERBACEAEBr.Bl.1926SalicionherbaceaeBr.Bl.1926306. PolytrichetumsexangularisBr.Bl.1926307. AnthelietumjuratzkanaeKrajina1933308. SalicetumherbaceaeRbel1911309. ArenarietumbifloraeVoik1976310. SoldanellopusillaePlantaginetumgentianoidisBocaiu1971311. PoosupinaeCerastietumcerastoides(Sry1954)Oberdorfer1957312. LuzuletumalpinopilosaeBr.Bl.1926313. NardoGnaphalietumsupinaeBartsch1940ARABIDETALIACAERULEAERbel1933SalicionretusaeHorvat1949314. SalicetumretusoreticulataeBr.Bl.1926315. DryadetumoctopetalaeCsrsetal.1956316. SoldanellopusillaeRanunculetumcrenati(Borza1931)Bocaiu1971

28

317. SoldanellopusillaeSalicetumkitaibelianae(Bocaiu1971)Coldea1993318. SoldanellohungaricaeSalicetumkitaibelianae(Bocaiu1971)XXII.JUNCETEATRIFIDIKlikaetHada1944CARICETALIACURVULAEBr.Bl.inBr.Bl.etJenny1926CaricioncurvulaeBr.Bl.inBr.Bl.etJenny1926319. PrimulominimaeCaricetumcurvulaeBr.Bl.1926em.Oberdorfer1957320. JuncetumtrifidiSzaferetal.1923em.Krajina1933321. PotentillochrysocraspedaeFestucetumairoidisBocaiu1971LoiseleurioVaccinionBr.Bl.1926322. CetrarioLoiseleurietumprocumbentisBr.Bl.etal.1939323. EmpetroVaccinietumgaultherioidisBr.Bl.inBr.Bl.etJenny1926corr.

GrabherrinGrabherretMucina1993324. CetrarioislandicaeVaccinietummyrtilliResmeri1976XXIII.NARDOCALLUNETEAPreising1949NARDETALIAOberdorfer1949PotentilloNardionSimon1959325. PotummediaeCsrsetal.1956326. Scorzonero roseaeFestucetumnigricantis (Pucaruetal.1956)Coldea

1987327. ViolodeclinataeNardetumSimon1966328. NardoFestucetumtenuifoliae(Klikaetmarda1943)Buiculescu1972329. PotentilloFestucetumovinaeResmeri(1965)1969,1970330. HieraciopilosellaeNardetumstrictaePopetal.1988331. CariciNardetumstrictae(Resmeri1984)ResmerietPop1986GenistionpillosaeDuvigneaud1942332. VaccinioCallunetumvulgarisBker1942333. FestucoGenistelletumIssler1927XXIV.CARICIRUPESTRISKOBRESIETEABELLARDIOhba1974OXYTROPIDOELYNETALIAOberdorfer1962OxytropidoElynionBr.Bl.1949334. OxytropidocarpaticaeElynetum(Pucaruetal.1956)Coldea1991335. SilenoacaulisMinuartietumsedoidisPucaruetal.1956336. OxytropidocarpaticaeOnobrychidetumtranssilvanicaeTuber1987337. SilenozawadzkiiCaricetumrupestrisTuber1987XXV.SESLERIETEAALBICANTISBr.Bl.1948em.Oberdorfer1978SESLERIETALIAALBICANTISBr.Bl.inBr.Bl.etJenny1926FestucosaxatilisSeslerionbielzii(PawowskietWalas1949)Coldea1984338. FestucetumsaxatilisDomin1933339. CampanulocarpaticaePotumrehmaniiSeghedin1986

29

340. DianthotenuifoliiFestucetumamethystinae(Domin1933)Coldea1984341. SeslerioFestucetumversicolorisBeldie1967342. SesleriobielziiCaricetumsempervirentisPucaruetal.1956343. FestucosaxatilisTrisetetum(macrotrichum)PopescuetSanda1989344. SesleriohaynaldianaeCaricetumsempervirentisPucaruetal.1956345. SesleriohaynaldianaeSaxifragetumrochelianaeBocaiu1971346. FestucetumflaccidaeColdea1984347. CarduokerneriFestucetumcarpaticae(Pucaruetal.1956)Coldea1990348. PoomolineriiFestucetumpachyphyllaeBocaiu (1970mnsc.)Bocaiu

etal.1978SeslerionrigidaeZlyomi1939349. AsperulocapitataeSeslerietumrigidae(Zlyomi1939)Coldea1991350. HelictotrichonetumdecoriDomin1932351. FestucetumxanthinaeBocaiu1971352. CampanulokladnianaeCalamagrostetumvariaeColdea1997353. SeslerietumfilifoliaeZlyomi1939354. JurineoglycacanthaeCephalarietumlaevigataeS.Matac2003BellardiochloionviolaceaeSandaetal.2001355. ScabiosolucidaeBellardiochloetumviolaceae(RvruetMititelu1958)

Sandaetal.2001XXVI. BETULOADENOSTYLETEABr.Bl.etR.Txen1943ADENOSTYLETALIAALLIARIAEBr.Bl.1931AdenostylionalliariaeBr.Bl.1925356. LigulariosibiricaeRibetumpetraeiNebleaetAlexiu2003357. AdenostyloDoronicetumaustriaciHorvat1956358. Cirsio waldsteiniiHeracleetum transsilvanici Pawowski et Walas

1949359. PolemoniocaeruleiCarduetumpersonataeSmrghian2001360. AconitetumtauriciBorza1934exColdea1990361. PetasitoCicerbicetumR.Txen1937362. SaliciAlnetumviridisColicetal.1962Delphinenionelati(Hada1969)BocaiuetMihilescu1997363. AstrantioDelphinietumelatiBocaiuetMihilescu1997CalamagrostionvillosaePawowskietal.1928364. Hyperico grisebachiiCalamagrostetum villosae Pawowski et Walas

1949365. PhleoalpiniDeschampsietumcaespitosae(Morariu1939)Coldea1983366. DianthocompactiFestucetumporciiNyrdy1966367. TrisetofusciSalicetumhastataeColdea(1986)1990

30

XXVII.MOLINIOARRHENATHERETEAR.Txen1937MOLINIETALIACAERULEAEKoch1926MolinioncaeruleaeKoch1926368. PeucedanorochelianiMolinietumcaeruleaeBocaiu1965369. MolinioSalicetumrosmarinifoliaeMagyarexSo1933370. JuncoMolinietumPreising1951371. ViciobiennisMolinietumeuxinaeDihoruetNegrean1976FilipendulionLohmeyerinOberdorferetal.1967372. FilipenduloGeranietumpalustrisKoch1926373. ChaerophyllohirsutiFilipenduletumNiemannetal.1973374. LysimachiovulgarisFilipenduletumulmariaeBaltovTulkov1978CalthionpalustrisR.Txen1937375. RanunculorepentisCalthetumpalustrisChifuetal.2006376. AngelicoCirsietumoleraceiR.Txen1937377. CirsietumrivularisNowinski1926378. ScirpetumsylvaticiRalski1931,Maloch1935em.Schwick1944379. Caricetumcespitosae(Steffen1931)KlikaetSmarda1940380. CalthetumcornutaeD.Cru1972381. ScirpoCirsietumcaniBaltovTulkov1973382. CaricetumbuekiiHejnetKopecky1965AgrostionstoloniferaeSo(1933)1971383. Agrostetumstoloniferae(Ujvrosi1941)Burdujaetal.1956384. PotumpratensisRvruetal.1956385. RanunculorepentiAlopecuretumrepentisEllmaueretMucinainMucina

etal.1993386. CirsiocaniFestucetumpratensisMjovskyetRuzickov1975387. PotumsylvicolaeBuiaetal.1959388. MedicaginilupulinaeAgropyretumrepentisPopescuetal.1980389. AgrostidetoFestucetumpratensisSo1949390. AlopecuretumventricosiTurenschi1966ARRHENATHERETALIAR.Txen1931ArrhenatherionKoch1926391. ArrhenatheretumelatiorisBr.Bl.exScherrer1925392. CerastioholosteoidisTrisetetumflavescentisSandaetal.2001CynosurionR.Txen1947393. FestucorubraeAgrostetumcapillarisHorvat1951394. HypochoeriradicataeAgrostetumtenuisPopetal.1988395. Anthyllido vulnerariaeFestucetum rubrae (Mth etKovcs 1960) So

1971

31

396. TrifoliorepentiLolietumKrippelov1967,ResmerietPop1967397. LolioCynosuretumBr.Bl.etdeLeeuw1936em.R.Txen1937398. AnthoxanthoAgrostietumcapillarisSillinger1933399. RumiciacetosellaeAgrostetumcapillarisSandaetPopescu1981POTENTILLOPOLYGONETALIAR.Txen1947PotentillionanserinaeR.Txen1937400. PotentilletumanserinaeFelfldy1942401. LolioAlopecuretumpratensisBodrogkzy1962402. RanunculetumrepentisKnappex.Oberdorfer1957403. DactyloFestucetumarundinaceaeR.Txen1950404. RorippoaustriacaeAgropyretumrepentis(Timr1947)R.Txen1950405. TrifolietumsubterraneiBuiaetal.1963406. PotentilletumreptantisEkis1974em.I.Pop.1978JuncenenioneffusiWesthoffetvanLeeuwenexHejnetal.1979407. JuncetumeffusiSo(1931)1949408. JuncoinflexiMenthetumlongifoliaeLohmeyer1953409. AgrostetumcaninaeHargitai1942410. PotumtrivialisSo1940411. LythroCalamagrostetumepigeiI.Pop1968412. LythrosalicariaeJuncetumeffusiinflexiTodoretal.1971413. HolcetumlanatiIssler1936em.Passarge1964414. Chaerophylletumhirsuti(So1947)Krajina1933DESCHAMPSIETALIACAESPITOSAEHorvati1956DeschampsioncaespitosaeHorvati1930415. DeschampsietumcaespitosaeHayekexHorvati1930416. CaricetumbrizoidisO.Raiu1966XXVIII.FESTUCOBROMETEABr.Bl.etR.TxeninBr.Bl.1949STIPIOPULCHERRIMAEFESTUCETALIAPALLENTISI.Pop1968AsplenioseptentrionaliFestucionpallentisZlyomi1963corr.So1971417. Asplenio septentrionaliMelicetum ciliatae (So 1940) Mth et M.

Kovcs1964418. MinuartioFestucetumpseudodalmaticae(Mikyska1933)Klika1938SeslerioFestucionpallentisKlika1931419. AspleniorutaemurariaeMelicetumciliataeSo1962420. CampanulodivergentiformisFestucetumpallentisZlyomi1966421. MelicoPhleetummontaniBocaiuetal.1966422. ConvolvulocantabricaeStipetumeriocaulisS.Matac2003423. Helianthemo caniSeslerietum heuflerianae (Borza 1959) Popescu et

Sanda1992

32

BromoFestucionpallentisZlyomi1966424. CerastiobanaticiFestucetumdalmaticaeSchneiderBinderetal.1971425. ErysimocomatiStipetumeriocaulisSchneiderBinderetal.1970426. ChrysopogonoCaricetumhumilisZlyomi(1950)1958427. StipoeriocaulisFestucetumpallentis(Zlyomi1958)1966ThymiocomosiFestucionrupicolaePop1968428. Thymo comosiFestucetum rupicolae (Csrs etGergely 1959)Pop et

Hodian1985429. CaricihumilisStipetumjoannisPopetHodian1985FESTUCETALIAVALESIACAEBr.Bl.etR.TxenexBr.Bl.1949FestucionvalesiacaeKlika1931430. SedosexangulariSyntrichietumcalcicolaeMihaietal.1973431. PulsatilloFestucetumrupicolae(Dostl1933)So1963432. CleistogenoFestucetum rupicolae (So 1930) Zlyomi 1958 corr. So

1964433. Parietario serbicaeAlyssetum saxatilis (Mihai et al.1964)Mititelu et

al.1963em.M.ArcuinSandaetal.2001434. AgrostioFestucetumvalesiacaeBorisavljevietal.1955435. CynodontiPotumangustifoliaeRapaicsexSo1957436. CynodontiFestucetumpseudovinaeSo1957437. MedicaginiFestucetumvalesiacaeWagner1940438. TaraxacoserotinaeFestucetumvalesiacae(Burdujaetal.1956,Rvru

etal.1956)Srbuetal.1999439. PoterioFestucetumvalesiaceaeJ.Danon1964440. PotentilloFestucetumpseudodalmaticae(Domin1933)Majovsk1954441. PotentilloarenariaeFestucetumpseudovinaeSo(1939)1950442. DaucoguttatiChrysopogonetumgrylliPopescuetSanda1978443. CeratocarpoEuphorbietum stepposae (nicaeensis) Sanda et Popescu

1998444. AegilopsietumcylindricaeBuiaetal.1959445. ArtemisioaustriacaePotumbulbosaePop1970446. Agropyretumpectiniformae(Prodan1939)Dihoru1970447. FestucetumrupicolaeBurdujaetal.1956448. MedicaginiminimaeAegilopsetumtriaristatiRoman1974449. Koelerietummacranthae(Rvruetal.1956)PopescuetSanda1988450. Botriochloetum (Andropogonetum) ischaemi (Kristiansen 1937) Pop

1977451. ThymiopannoniciChrysopogonetumgrylliDonietal.1992452. AsterooleifoliusEphedretumdistachyaeHoreanuetVialariu1992

33

453. CampanulolingulataeBrometumriparii(Roman1974)SandaetPopescu1999

454. Stipetumcapillatae(Hueck1931)Krausch1961455. TrifoliostriatiTaeniatheretumcaputmedusaeSandaetal.2001456. Stachyo nitentisCachrysetum ferulaceae (Roman 1974) Sanda et

Popescu1999457. Elytrigietumhispidi(Dihoru1970)PopescuetSanda1988458. Salvio nutantinemorosaeFestucetum rupicolaeZlyomi 1958 corr. So

1964459. Artemisietumponticae(Borza1931n.n.)Pun(1964)1966StipionlessingianaeSo1947460. tipetumpulcherrimaeSo1942461. StipetumlessingianaeSo(1927n.n.)1947462. Astragalo ponticaeStipetum ucrainicae (Dihoru 1969, 1970) Sanda et

Popescu1999463. GaliooctonariiStipetumtirsae(Ciocrlan1969)PopescuetSanda1992ArtemisioKochionSo1959464. AgropyrocristatiKochietumprostrataeZlyomi1958PimpinelloThymionzygoidiDihoru1969,1970465. AgropyrobrandzaeThymetumzygoidiDihoru(1969)1970466. KoeleriolobatesArtemisietumlerchianaeDihoru(1969)1970467. Festucetumcallieriierbnescu1965apudDihoru(1969)1970468. SedohillebrandtiiPolytrichetumpiliferiHoreanuetMihai1974469. TeucriopoliiMelicetumciliataeV.Pucaruetal.1978BROMETALIAERECTIBr.Bl.1937CirsioBrachypodionpinnatiHadaetKlikainKlikaetHada1944470. CaricihumilisBrachypodietumpinnatiSo(1942)1947471. GypsophiloBrachypodietumpinnatiSzab1983472. ThymopannoniciStipetumstenophyllaeSandaetal.1998473. RhinanthorumeliciBrometumerectiSandaetPopescu1999474. FestucovalesiacaeDanthonietumcalycinaeBocaiu1972BRACHYPODIOCHRYSOPOGONETALIA(Horvatic1958)Bocaiu1972DanthonioBrachypodionBocaiu1972475. DanthonioChrysopogonetumgrylliBocaiu(1970)1972476. FestucorubraeDanthonietumCsrsetal.1968477. DanthonioalpinaeStipetumstenophyllaeGhia1941478. DanthonioBrachypodietumpinnatiSo(1946)1947XXIX.KOELERIOCORYNEPHORETEAKlikainKlikaetNovk1941CORYNEPHORETALIACANESCENTISKlika1934

34

TheroAirionR.TxenexOberdorfer1957479. FilaginiAperetumOberdorfer1957480. FilaginiVulpietumOberdorfer1938481. VulpioAiretumcapillarisPauc1941482. TrifoliomolineriiDasypyretumvillosaeBocaiuetResmeri1967483. VentenatodubiaeXeranthemetumcylindraceum(Borza1950)Sandaetal.

1988ALYSSOSEDETALIAMoravec1967AlyssopetraeiSedionalbiOberdorferetTh.MllerapudMller1961484. AlyssoSedetumOberdorferetTh.Mller1961485. AlyssopetraeiSedetumhispaniciSchneiderBinderetal.1971486. AlyssetummuralisPopetHodian1979SedoScleranthionBr.Bl.1949487. SilenorupestrisSedetumannuuiOberdorfer1957TRIFOLIOARVENSIFESTUCETALIAOVINAEMoravec1967HypericoperforatoScleranthionperennisMoravec1967488. GenistospathulataeAgrostietumcoarctataeSchneiderBinder1975489. PolytrichopiliferiScleranthetumperennisMoravec1967490. ScleranthoErysimetum(Syrenietum)cuspidataeCsrsetal.1968491. SedoPetrorhagietumsaxifragaeRoman1974492. ScleranthetoTeucrietumpoliiAndreietPopescu1967493. PlantaginetumandroalbidaePopescuettefureac1976XXX.STELLARIETEAMEDIAER.Txenetal.exvonRochow1951CENTAURETALIACYANI R.Txen,Lohmeyer etPreising inR.Txen1950Caucalidionlappulae(R.Txen1950)vonRochow1951494. LamioamplexicauliGeranietumdivaricatitefanetal.2000495. GalioaparinaeGaliopsidetumtetrahitiHoreanuetal.1987496. AdonietoDelphinietumBr.Bl.1970497. CamelinomicrocarpaeAnthemidetumaustriaciHolzner1973498. CaucalidiAdonietumR.Txen1950499. RanunculetumarvensisPassage1964500. CentaureocyaniLathyretumtuberosiSandaetPopescu1999501. ConsolidoPolygonetumconvolvulusMorariu(1943)1967502. LathyroAvenetumfatuaePassargeetJurko1975503. CaucalidilappulaeSetarietumKlika1935PanicoSetarionSissinghinWesthoffetal.1946504. SperguloEchinochloetum crusgalli (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) R.

Txen1950em.tefanetal.1987

35

505. DigitariosanguinalisGalinsogetumBeck1941506. EchinochlooGalinsogietumparvifloraeF.Diaconescu1978507. ErigerocanadensisPanicetummiliaceitefan1993508. LathyroaphacaeAperetumR.TxenetRochow1950509. SetariopumilaeSorghetumhalepensitefanetOprea1997510. EchinochlooSetarietumpumilaeFelfldy1942em.Mucina1993511. SetarioAristolochietumclematitisF.Diaconescu1978512. StachyoannuaeSetarietumpumilaeFelfldy1942em.Mucina1993513. AnthriscocaucaliStellarietumpallidaeSandaetPopescu1979514. StellarietummediaeProdan1939,Hada1969515. DigitarioSetarietumpumilaeFelfldy1942corr.Borhidi1996TrifolioMedicaginionsativae(Balzs1944)SoetTimrinTimr1954516. Plantagini lanceolateMedicaginetum (Balzs 1944) So et Timr in

Timr1954CHENOPODIETALIAALBIR.Txen(1937)1950Scleranthionannui (KrusemanetVlieger1939)Sissingh inWesthoffetal.1946517. AphaniMatricarietumchamomillaeR.Txen1937corr.So1960518. ScleranthoTrifolietumarvensisMorariu1943519. SperguloAperetumspicaeventiSo(1953)1962520. VicietumtetraspermaeKrusemanetVlieger1939VeronicoEuphorbionSissinghexPassarge1974521. SetarioVeronicetumpolitaeOberdorfer1957522. EchinochlooVeronicetumpersicaePassarge1975523. LamioVeronicetumpolitaeProdan1939,KrusemanetVlieger1939524. Fumarietumofficinalis(KrusemanetVlieger1939)R.Txen1950525. GalinsogoEuphorbietumpeplisMititelu1972PolygonoChenopodionpolyspermae (Koch 1926)Sissingh inWesthoff etal.1946526. GaleopsidetumspeciosaeKrusemanetVlieger1939527. SonchoVeronicetumagrestisBr.Bl.1949528. StellarioFumarietumschleicheriPop1988529. PanicoChenopodietumpolyspermiR.Txen1937LOLIOLINETALIAJ.TxenetR.Txen1961LolioremotaeLinionR.Txen1950530. LoliotemulentoLinetumTimr1952ERAGROSTIETALIAJ.TxenexPoli1966AmaranthoChenopodionalbiMorariu1943531. CirsioConvolvuletumarvensisBurdujaetDiaconescu1976

36

532. AmaranthoChenopodietumalbiMorariu1943533. AristolochioConvolvuletumarvensisUbrizsy1967534. ConsolidoorientaliStachyetumannuaeTimr1957535. XanthietumspinosiFelfldy1942TribuloEragrostionminorisSoetTimrinTimr1957536. DigitarioAmaranthetumcrispitefan1993537. PortulacetumoleraceiFelfldy1942538. HibiscoEragrostietumSoetTimr1957539. ConsolidoregalisGaleopsietumladaniA.Oprea1997540. TribuloTragetumSoetTimrinTimr1954541. VicioEragrostietumminorisTimr1957542. VicioPolygonetumarenariiTimr1957MatricarioChenopodionalbiTimr1957543. MatricarioAtriplicetumlittoralisTimr1954544. DaucoMatricarietuminodoraeI.Pop1966,1968545. Matricarietumperforatae(D.Cru1971)PopescuetSanda1991SISYMBRIETALIAJ.TxeninLohmeyeretal.1962SisymbrionofficinalisR.Txen,LohmeyeretPreisinginR.Txen1950546. ChenopodioXanthietumstrumariiI.Pop1968corr.M.Coroi1999547. CapselloDescurainietumsophiaeMucina1993548. ass.MarrubiumvulgareAtriplexroseaSlavni1959549. ErigerontoLactucetumserriolaeLohmyerinOberdorfer1957em.Mucina

1978550. HordeomuriniCynodontetum(Felfldy1942)FelfldyexBorhidi1999551. HordeetummuriniLibbert1932em.Passarge1964552. LactucoDiplotaxietumtenuifoliaeMucina1978553. ChenopodietumurbiciSo1933554. PanicodichotomifloriKochietumsieversianae(A.Oprea1998)Sandaet

Popescu1999555. Cannabinetumruderalis(Morariu1943)corr.Morariu1970556. SisymbrietumaltissimiBornkamm1974557. XeranthemocylindraceiBrometumarvensisG.Popescu1992558. BromosquarrosiXeranthemetumannuiM.Coroi2001559. LinariovulgarisBrometumtectorumKnapp1961AtriplicionnitentisPassarge1978560. KochietumdensifloraeGutteetKlotz1985561. AtriplicetumnitentisKnapp1945562. CynodontoAtriplicetumtataricaeMorariu1943Malvionneglectae(Gute1966)Hejn1978

37

563. HyoscyamoMalvetumneglectaeAichinger1933564. MalvetumpusillaeMorariu1943565. ChenopodiovulvariaeUrticetumurentis(Slavni1951)So1971566. ChenopodiopolyspermiUrticetumurentistefan1992SalsolionruthenicaePhilippi1971567. ChaenorrhinoChenopodietumbotryosSukopp1971XXXI.PLANTAGINETEAMAJORISR.TxenetPreising1950PLANTAGINETALIAMAJORISR.TxenetPreisinginR.Txen1950LolioPlantaginionR.Txen1947568. LolioPlantaginetummajoris (Linkola 1921) Beger 1930 em. Sissingh

1969569. PotumannuaeGams1927570. SclerochlooPolygonetumavicularis(Gams1927)So1940571. Juncetummacri(Diemontetal.1940)R.Txen1950572. HeliotropiocurrasavicaePetunietumparvifloraeSandaetal.2001573. TrifoliofragiferoCynodontetumBr.Bl.etO.deBols1958574. LepidietumlatifoliiF.Diaconescu1978575. Ranunculetumsardoi(Oberdorfer1957)Passarge1964576. DuchesneetumindicaeVialariuetHoreanu1991SaginionprocumbentisR.TxenetOhbainGhuetal.1972577. SaginoBryetumargenteiDiemont,SissinghetWesthoff1940ScolymionhispaniciMorariu1967578. EcballietumelateriiMorariu1959579. LolioScolymetumhispaniciMorariu1959XXXII.ARTEMISIETEAVULGARISLohmeyeretal.inR.Txen1950ONOPORDETALIAACANTHIIBr.Bl.etR.TxenexKlikaetHada1944OnopordionacanthiiBr.Bl.etal.1936580. OnopordetumacanthiiBr.Bl.etal.1936581. XanthietumstrumariiPauc1941582. Onopordetumtaurici(Borza1931n.n.)Morariu1957583. Carduetumnutantis(Svulescu1927)Morariu1943584. CarduetumhamulosiF.Diaconescu1978585. ArtemisietumscopariaeBorzaetLupa1963586. ArgusioPetasitetumspuriae(Borza1931n.n.)DihoruetNegrean1976BrachyactionciliataeI.PopetVialariu1971587. ErigerocanadensisBrachyactetumciliataeI.PopetVialariu1971588. AmbrosietumartemisiifoliaeVialariu1973589. IvetumxanthifoliaeFijalkowski1967DaucoMelilotionGrs1966

38

590. BerterotumincanaeSissinghetTiedemaninSissingh1950591. EchioMelilotetumalbiR.Txen(1942)1947592. DaucoCephalarietumtranssylvanicaeM.CoroietAM.Coroi1998593. DaucoPicridetumhieracioides(Fabricius1933)Grs1966Tussilaginion(Szab1971n.n.)PopescuetSanda1988594. PoocompressaeTussilaginetumfarfaraeR.Txen1931ArctionlappaeR.Txen1937595. ArctietumlappaeFelfldy1942596. AnthriscetumsylvestrisHada1978597. BallotonigraeMalvetumsylvestrisGutte1966598. PolygonetodumetoriBryonietumalbaetefan1997599. ArctiotomentosiRumicetumobtusifoliiPassarge1959600. CirsietumlanceolatiarvensisMorariu1943601. TanacetoArtemisietumvulgarisSissingh1950602. ConietummaculatiI.Pop1968603. ArtemisietumannuaeMorariu1943em.Dihoru1970604. GalioaparineParietarietumofficinalisPopescuetal.1983605. Helianthetumtuberosi(Moor1958)Oberdorfer1967606. AilanthetumaltissimaeDihoru(1969)1970607. LycietumbarbarumFelfldy1942AGROPYRETALIAREPENTISOberdorferetal.1967ConvolvuloarvensisAgropyrionrepentisGrs1966608. BromojaponicoAristolochietumUbrizsy1967609. ConvolvuloAgropyretumrepentisFelfldy1943610. ConvolvuloBrometuminermisElia1979611. LepidietumdrabaeTimr1950612. PotentilloargenteaeArtemisietumabsinthiiFalinski1965613. DaucoSalvietumverticillataeSoran1962ArtemisioAgropyrionintermediiTh.MlleretGrs1969614. ArtemisiocampestrisAgropyretum intermediiSchneiderBindermnsc.

1974c.f.1976XXXIII.GALIOURTICETEAPassarge1967em.Kopeck1969LAMIOALBICHENOPODIETALIABONIHENRICIKopeck1969GalioAlliarionLohmeyeretOberdorfer1967inOberdorferetal.1967615. TorilidetumjaponicaeLohmeyerexGrsetTh.Mller1969616. AnthriscetumtrichospermiHejnetKrippelovainHejnetal.1971617. AlliarioofficinalisChaerophylletumtemuliLohmeyer1949618. SambucetumebuliFelfldy1942

39

619. CephalarietumpilosaeR.TxenetOberdorfer1957corr.DipsacietumpilosaeSandaetal.2001

AegopodionpodagrariaeR.Txen1967620. UrticoAegopodietumR.TxenexGrs1963621. ChaerophylletumbulbosaeR.Txen1937622. ChaerophylletumaromaticiNeuhuslovNovotnetal.1969623. ChaerophylletumaureiOberdorfer1957Rumicionalpini(Rbel1933)Klika1944624. RumiciobtusifoliaeUrticetumdioicaeKorns1968625. Urtico dioicaeRumicetum alpini (erbnescu 1939, Todor et Culic

1967)corr.OlteanetDihoru1986626. Veratretumalbi(Pucaruetal.1956)Buiaetal.1962627. Potumsupinae(Oberdorfer1957)BrunHool1962em.Gutte1969CONVOLVULETALIASEPIUMR.Txenem.Mucina1993PetasitionofficinalisSillinger1933em.Kopeck1969628. AruncoPetasitetumalbiBr.Bl.etSutter1977629. TelekioPetasitetumhybridi(Morariu1967)ResmerietRaiu1974630. TelekiospeciosaeAruncetumdioiciOroian1998631. PetasitetumkablikianiPawowskietWalas(1936)1939SenecionfluviatilisR.Txen1952632. AsteroRubietumcaesiiKrpti1962633. ArtemisioHelianthetumdecapetalaeMititelu1972634. Calystegietumsepium(R.Txen1947)em.Passarge1964corr.So1957635. GlycyrrhizetumechinataeSlavni1951636. RudbeckioSolidaginetumR.TxenetRaabe1950em.So1961637. UrticoConvolvuletumGrsetTh.Mller1969638. GalegetumofficinalisDobrescuetVialariu1981639. EpilobietumhirsutiWesthoff1969640. EuphorbietumpalustrisWesthoff1969641. PolygonetumcuspidatiR.TxenetRaabe1950apudOberdorfer1967642. RorippetumaustriacaeOberdorfer1957XXXIV.EPILOBIETEAANGUSTIFOLIIR.TxenetPreising inR.Txen1950ATROPETALIAVlieger1937CaricipiluliferaeEpilobionangustifoliiR.Txen1950643. CalamagrostietumepigeiJuraszek1928644. DigitaliambiguaeCalamagrostietumarundinaceaeSillinger1933645. SenecionisylvaticiEpilobietumangustifoliiR.Txen1937AtropionbelladonnaeBr.Bl.etR.Txen1937em.Oberdorfer1957

40

646. EpilobioAtropetumbelladonnaeR.Txen1931em.1950647. EupatorietumcannabiniR.Txen1937648. TelekietumspeciosaeTregubov1941SAMBUCETALIARACEMOSAEOberdorfer1957Sambuco racemosaeSalicion capreaeR. Txen etNeumann inR. Txen1950649. Sambucetumracemosae(Noirfalise1944)Oberdorfer1967650. AgrosticapillarisBetuletumpendulaeResmeri1970651. FragarioRubetumidaeiGams1927SpireionchamaedryfoliaeSandaetPopescu1999652. SpireetumcrenataeMorariuetUlaru1981653. SpiraeoCoryletumUjvrosi1944654. CoryletumavellanaeSo1927655. CoryletoPopuletumBr.Bl.1919,1938656. SambucetumnigraeOberdorferetal.1967XXXV.TRIFOLIOGERANIETEASANGUINEITh.Mller1961ORIGANETALIAVULGARISTh.Mller1961TrifolionmediiTh.Mller1961657. ClinopodioPteridietumaquiliniDihoru1975658. TrifolioAgrimonietumeupatoriaeTh.Mller(1961)1962659. OriganoAgrimonietumA.Kovcs1979GeranionsanguineiR.Txen1961660. GeranioTrifolietumalpestrisTh.Mller1961661. ClematidorectiLaserpitietumlatifoliiSchneiderBinder1984XXXVI.SALICETEAPURPUREAEMoor1958SALICETALIAPURPUREAEMoor1958SaliciontriandraeTh.MlleretGrs1958662. SaponarioSalicetumpurpureae(Br.Bl.1930)Tschou1946663. SalicetumtriandraeMalcuit1929SalicionalbaeSo1930em.Th.MlleretGrs1958664. SalicetumalbaeIssler1924s.l.665. SaliciPopuletumMeijerDrees1936666. PopuletummarylandicaeMititelu1970Salicionelaeagnodaphnoides(Moor1958)GrasinMucinaetal.1993667. HippophaSalicetumelaeagniBr.Bl.etVolk1940668. SalicipurpureaeMyricarietumMoor1958TAMARICETALIABorzaetBocaiu1963n.n.em.PopescuetSanda1992ArtemisioscopariaeTamaricionSimonetDihoru(1962)1963

41

669. CalamagrostioTamaricetum ramosissimae Simon et Dihoru (1962)1963

670. Calamagrostio epigeiHippophatum rhamnoides Popescu, Sanda etNedelcu1986

XXXVII.ALNETEAGLUTINOSAEBr.Bl. etR.Txen exWesthoff et al.1946ALNETALIAGLUTINOSAER.Txen1937AlnionglutinosaeMalcuit1939671. CaricielongataeAlnetumKoch1926SALICETALIAAURITAEDoingexWesthoffetDenHeld1969SalicioncinereaeTh.MlleretGrsexPassarge1958672. CalamagrostioSalicetumcinereaeSoetZlyomiinSo1955673. FranguloSalicetumcinereaeMalcuit1929674. SalicicinereaeSphagnetumrecurvi(Zlyomi1931)So1954675. Salicetumbicoloris(Borza1959n.n.)Popescuetal.1986676. AlnoSalicetumcinereae(Kobendza1950)Passarge1956XXXVII.QUERCOFAGETEABr.Bl.etVliegerinVlieger1937em.Borhidi1996FAGETALIASYLVATICAEPawowskiinPawowskietal.1928AlnoUlmionBr.Bl.etR.Txen1943em.Th.MlleretGrs1958AlnenionglutinosaeincanaeOberdorfer1953677. StellarionemoriAlnetumglutinosae(Kstner1938)Lohmeyer1957678. AegopodiopodagrariaeAlnetumglutinosaeKrptietJurko1964679. AlnetumglutinosaeincanaeBr.Bl.1915680. AlnetumincanaeAichingeretSiegrist1930681. TelekiospeciosaeAlnetumincanaeColdea(1986)1990682. CariciremotaeFraxinetumKochexFaber1936683. CaricibrizoidesAlnetumI.Horvat1938em.Oberdorfer1953UlmenionOberdorfer1953684. FraxinodanubialisUlmetumSandaetPopescu1999685. AsparagopseudoscaberiQuercetumpedunculifloraePopescuetal.1997686. Fraxino angustifoliaeQuercetum pedunculiflorae Chifu, Srbu et

tefan1998687. CariciacutiformisAlnetum(Dostl1933)So1968688. FraxinopallisaeangustifoliaeQuercetumroborisPopescuetal.1979SymphytocordatiFagionVida1959SymphytoFagenionBocaiuetal.1982689. SymphytocordatiFagetumVida1963690. GaliorotundifoliiFagetumBocaiu1971

42

691. AremonioagrimonioidiFagetumBocaiu1971inResmeri1972692. PulmonariorubraeFagetum(So1964)Tuber1987693. TaxoFagetumEtter1947694. FestucodrymejaeFagetumMorariuetal.1968695. LeucanthemowaldsteiniiFagetum(So1964)Tuber1987CalamagrostioFagenionBocaiuetal.1982696. HieraciorotundatiFagetum(Vida1963)Tuber1987697. LuzuloalbidaeFagetumsylvaticaeZlyomi1955MoehringiomuscosaeAcerenionBocaiuetal.1982698. PhyllitidiFagetumVida(1959)1963699. AceretoUlmetumBeldie1951EpipactidoFagenionBocaiuetal.1982700. EpipactetoFagetumResmeri1972701. SesleriorigidaeFagetumSoetVida1963702. GeraniorobertianaeFagetum(Burdujaetal.1974)Chifuettefan.1994

em.ChifuetZamfirescu2001LathyrohallersteiniiCarpinenionBocaiuetal.1982703. CarpinoFagetumPauc1941704. MelampyrobihariensisQuercetumroborisSandaetPopescu1999705. QuercoroboriCarpinetumBorza1937706. QuercopetraeaeCarpinetumSoetPcs1957707. LathyrohallersteiniiCarpinetumColdea1975708. CarpinoQuercetumcerrisKlika1938AroorientalisCarpinenion(DobrescuetKovcs1973)Tuber1992709. AroorientalisCarpinetum(DobrescuetKovcs1973)Tuber1992710. DentarioquinquefoliaeCarpinetum(DobrescuetKovcs1973)Tuber

1992711. TiliotomentosaeQuercetumdalechampiiSrbu1979712. EvonymoeuropaeaeCarpinetumChifu(1995)1997713. CoryloavellanaeCarpinetumChifu1997AsperulotaurinaeFageniontauricaePopescuetSanda2003714. GalioschultesiiFagetum(Burdujaetal.1972)Chifuettefan1994715. GaliokitaibelianiFagetumtauricaePopescuetSanda2002716. LathyrovenetusFagetum (Dobrescu etKovcs1973)Chifu1995 corr.

Chifuetal.2006GalioschultesiiCarpinenionTuber1992717. CaricipilosaeQuercetumpetraeaeSandaetPopescu1999718. RuscoCarpinetumHorvat1962glechometosumhirsutaeTuber1991

1992

43

719. Melico unifloraeTilietum tomentosae (Sanda et Popescu 1971) corr.PopescuetSanda1992

720. PopulotremulaeCarpinetumTuber1991,1992QUERCETALIAROBORISR.Txen1931GenistogermanicaeQuercionNeuhusletNeuhuslovNovotn1967721. GenistotinctoriaeQuercetumpetraeaeKlika1932722. CaricibrizoidisQuercetumroborisRaiuetal.1977723. QuercetumroboripetraeaeBorza(1928)1959724. QuercopetraeaeBetuletumR.Txen1937em.Passarge1968725. SorboBetuletumpendulaeDihoru1975726. PopuletoBetuletumpendulaeColdea1972727. MolinioQuercetumroboris(R.Txen1937)ScamonietPassarge1959728. PetraeoFagetumScamoni(1956)1959CastaneoQuercionSo1962em.So1971729. CastaneoQuercetumHorvatI.1938PinoQuercionMedwekaKornsetPawowski1959,Ruika1964em.So1971730. PinoQuercetumKozlowska1925731. LeucobryoPinetumMatuszkiewicz1962XXXIX.QUERCETEAPUBESCENTIPETRAEAE(Oberdorfer1948)Jakucs1960FRAXINOORNICOTINETALIAJakucs1960FraxinoorniCotinionSo1960732. CotinoQuercetumpubescentisSo(1931)1932733. FagoOrnetumZlyomi(1954)1958734. PiptatheroholciformeCarpinetumorientalisSandaetal.2001735. OrnoQuercetum(So1928n.n.)Hornszky,Jakucs,Zlyomicorr.So

1960QuercionpetraeaeZlyomietJakucsinSo1963736. GenistopilosaeQuercetumpetraeae(Magyar1933)Zlyomietal.1957

exSo1963737. GaliokitaibelianiQuercetumpetraeaeSandaetPopescu1999738. QuercetumpetraeaecerrisSo1963739. Paeonio peregrinaeQuercetum pubescentis (Srbu 1982) Sanda et

Popescu1999740. LathyrocolliniQuercetumpubescentisKlika1932741. CytisonigricantisQuercetumcerrisBocaiuetal.1966742. CytisonigricantisQuercetumpetraeaePauc1941743. FestucodrymejaeQuercetumpetraeaeMorariuetal.1970

44

744. PiptatherovirescentisQuercetumdalechampiiChifuetal.(1998)2004745. TilioargenteaeQuercetumpetraeaecerrisSo1957QuercionfrainettoI.Horvat1954nom.mut.propos.746. LychniocoronariaeQuercetumcerrisSandaetal.2003747. PotentillomicranthaeQuercetumdalechampiiHorvat(1956)1959CarpinoTilieniontomentosaeDoni1970748. GalanthoplicataeTilietumtomentosaeDoni1970749. TiliotomentosaeQuercetumpedunculifloraeDoni1968750. TiliotomentosaeCarpinetumbetuliDoni1968SyringoCarpinionorientalisJakucsetVida1959751. SyringoCarpinetumorientalisJakucs1959752. EchinopobanaticiQuercetumpubescentisBocaiuetal.1971753. SyringoFraxinetumorniBorza1958em.Resmeri1972754. CornoFraxinetumorniPopetHodian1964755. CeltoJuglandetumregiaeJovanovi1957em.Roman1974756. GymnospermioaltaicaeCeltetumglabrataeM.Petrescu2004QuercoCarpinionorientalisCsrsetal.1968757. CarpinetumorientalisRudskiapudHorvat1946758. CarpinoorientalisQuercetumcerrisOberdorfer1948759. CotinoCarpinetumorientalisCsrsetal.1968760. StipoaristellaeCarpinetumorientalistefureacetPopescu1970AsparagoverticillatiPaliurionSandaetPopescu1999761. AsphodelinoluteaePaliuretumSandaetPopescu1999762. Rhamno catharticaeJasminietum fruticantis (Mihai et al. 1964)

Mititeluetal.1993em.M.ArcuinSandaetal.2001AceritataricoQuercionZlyomi1957763. AceritataricoQuercetumroborisZlyomi1957764. AceritatariciQuercetumpubescentipedunculifloraeZlyomi1957765. CerasomahalebQuercetumpubescentisJakucsetFekete1957766. CornoQuercetum pubescentis Jakucs etZlyomi exMth etKovcs

1962767. FestucorupicolaeQuercetumroborisSo(1943)1957768. PolygonatolatifolioQuercetumroboris(Hargitai1940)Borhidi1966in

BorhidietKevey1996769. Quercetumfrainettodalechampii(Brc1984)Chifuetal.2006770. TilioFraxinetumZlyomi(1934)1936771. FestucopseudovinaeQuercetumroborisMititeluetBaraba1972QuercionpedunculifloraeDoltu,PopescuetSanda1980772. QuercetumpedunculifloraeBorza1937

45

773. IridopseudocyperiQuercetumpedunculifloraeChifuetal.2001774. Quercetum pedunculifloraecerris (Morariu 1944) Doltu, Popescu et

Sanda1987775. AroorientalisQuercetumpedunculifloraeChifuetal.2004RobinionpseudacaciaeM.CsrsKptalan1968776. BromosterilisRobinietumpseudacaciae(Pcs1954)So1964XL.RHAMNOPRUNETEARivasGodayetBorjaCarbonell1961PRUNETALIASPINOSAER.Txen1952PrunionspinosaeSo1951777. PrunospinosaeCrataegetum(So1927)Hueck1931778. EvonymoPrunetumspinosae(Hueck1931)R.Txen1952em.Passarge

etHoffmann1968779. SeslerioheufleranaeHippophatumrhamnoidestefan1995PrunionfruticosaeR.Txen1952780. PrunetumtenellaeSo1951781. CrataegoCerasetum(Prunetum)fruticosaeSo(1921)1951782. PrunetumfruticosaeDziubatowski1926XLI.ERIKOPINETEAI.Horvat1959ERIKOPINETALIAI.Horvat1959SesleriorigidaePinionColdea1991783. SesleriorigidaePinetumsylvestris(CsrsetSprchez1963)Csrset

al.1968784. DaphnoblagayanaePinetumsylvestrisColdeaetA.Pop1988785. JuniperetumsabinaeCsrs1958786. CaricihumilisPinetumbanaticiSandaetPopescu1999XLII.VACCINIOPICEETEABr.Bl.inBr.Bl.etal.1939PICEETALIAEXCELSAEPawowskiinPawowskietal.1928PiceionexcelsaePawowskiinPawowskietal.1928SoldanellomajoriPicenionColdea1991787. SoldanellomajoriPiceetumColdeaetWagner1998788. HieraciotranssilvanicoPiceetumPawowskietBr.Bl.1939789. DoronicocolumnaePiceetumColdea2002ATHYRIOPICEETALIAHada1962Chrysanthemo rotundifoliiPiceion (Krajina 1933) Bezina et Hada inHada1962790. LeucanthemowaldsteiniiPiceetumKrajina1933AbietiPiceion(Br.Bl.inBr.Bl.etal.1939)So1964791. HieraciotranssilvanicoAbietetum(Borhidi1971)Coldea1991792. SphagnogirgensohniiPiceetumKuach1954

46

RhododendroVaccinionBr.Bl.ex.G.Br.Bl.etBr.Bl.1931793. RhododendromyrtifoliiVaccinietum(Borza1959)Bocaiu1971794. VaccinioPolytrichetumcommunisMihai1986795. VaccinioPolytrichetumstrictiMihai1986796. PolytrichostrictiSphagnetumcapillifoliiMihai1986BetulionpubescentisLohmeyeretR.TxenexScamonietPassarge1959797. VaccinioBetuletumpubescentisLibbert1933798. VaccinioPinetumsylvestrisKleist1929em.Matuszkiewicz1962JUNIPEROPINETALIAMUGIBocaiu1971PinionmugiPawowski1928799. PinomugoSphagnetumKstneretFlssner1933800. CalamagrostiovillosaePiceetum(ColdeaetPnzaru1986)Sandaetal.

2001801. BruckenthalioPiceetumBorhidi1964802. SaxifragocuneifoliaeLaricetum(Beldie1969)Coldea1991803. CalamagrostiovillosaePinetummugoSandaetPopescu2002JuniperoBruckenthalion(Horvat1949)Bocaiu1971804. JuniperoBruckenthalietumHorvat1936805. AntennariodioicaeBruckenthalietumspiculifoliaeI.erbnescu1961806. CampanuloabietinaeJuniperetumSimon1966807. Campanulo abietinaeVaccinietummyrtilli (Buia et al. 1962) Bocaiu

1971MYRTILLOPICEETALIAHada1962MyrtilloPiceionexcelsaeBezinaetHada1962808. MyrtilloPiceetumexcelsaeBezinaetHada1962VACCINIOPINETALIA Scamoni et Passarge em. Passarge etHoffmann1968VaccinioPinion(Libbert1933)PassargeetHoffmann1968809. VaccinioPinetum sylvestris Kobendza 1930 em. Passarge 1956

arctostaphyletosumBr.Bl.etSissingh1939VACCINIOJUNIPERETALIAPassargeetHoffmann1968VaccinioJuniperioncommunisPassargeetHoffmann1968810. PiceetoJuniperetumsibiricaeBr.Bl.1930811. VaccinioJuniperetumcommunisA.Kovcs1979

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PREZENTAREAIANALIZAUNITILORDEVEGETAIE

I.LEMNETEAO.deBolsetMasclans1955Aceast clas cuprinde cenozele cormofitelor natantede taliemic,nefixate de substrat (pleustofite). Aprecierea coninutuluicenotaxonilor acvatici i palutri ridic numeroase dificulti.Datorit faptului c aceste cenoze prezint o omogenitate floristicmare, cercettorii au fost tentai de a distinge asociaii cu volumredus,deosebiteexclusivpecriteriuldominanei.Nivelul apei joac un rol determinant n reglarea distribuieicenotaxonilor; scderea nivelului apei avnd drept consecinconcentrareaspaialasinuziilor, n timpceridicareaniveluluiapeiproduce, dimpotriv, creterea relativei lor autonomii cenotice,adesea pn la separarea ca cenoze independente. Fitocenozeleacestei clase se caracterizeaz printro structur simpl uni saubistratificat, sunt srace n specii i n general prezint o slabafinitatecenotic.Speciile caracteristice clasei sunt cele menionate la ordinulLemnetalia.Ord.LEMNETALIAMINORISO.deBolsetMasclans1955Ordinul grupeaz fitocenozele acvatice constituite dominant dinspeciiflotanteimairarsubmersecantonatenlocurilinitite,adesealaadpostulvegetaieipalustre.Coninutulapeiestevariabilnsruriminerale,perminddezvoltarea fitocenozelor n locurile ncarenusuntconcuratedealtegrupriacvatice(Coldea1997).Specii caracteristice: Lemna minor, L. trisulca, Ricciocarpus natans,Salvinianatans,SpirodelapolyrhizaiWolffiaarrhiza.LemnionminorisO.deBolsetMasclans1955Reunete fitocenoze acvatice flotante carepopuleaz ape stagnante,linitite,cuconinuturivariabile nsruriminerale,de lamoderat lafoartebogate.Majoritateafitocenozelordinaceastalianprezintostructur floristic relativeterogen, cauzatde coninutul n sruri

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minerale a apei, de structura fitocenozelor limitrofe, de adncimeaapeiprecumidearealulocupatdeacestea.Specii caracteristice:Lemnaminor,L.gibba,Riccia fluitans iSpirodelapolyrhiza.1. LemnetumgibbaeMiyavakietJ.Txen1960Cenozele acestor asociaii sunt rar rspndite nRomnia.Ele suntdescrise din Muntenia (Cernica, Comana), Dobrogea (Cochirleni),Moldova (Brlad, Iai,depresiuneaElanului,bazinulCrasnei,LuncaSiretului,bazinele rurilorMilcov i uiei) inordvestul rii,dinregiuni cu climat mai cald. Aceste fitocenoze se dezvolt n apestagnante, puin profunde (0,51m), bogate n substane nutritive.Sinuziaflotantestedominat(2585%)despeciacaracteristicLemnagibba, frecvent acompaniat de elementele caracteristice pentrualian i ordin (Lemna minor, L. trisulca, Spirodela polyrhiza, Azollacaroliniana,Wolffia arrhiza). Substratul submers, atunci cnd exist,esteconstituit nprincipaldinCeratophyllumdemersumiHydrocharismorsusranae. Acest fapt indic tendina sindinamic a acestorfitocenoze ctre instalarea celor din aliana Hydrocharition Rbel1933. Prezena semnificativ a speciilor Spirodela polyrhiza iWolffiaarrhiza n fitocenozele de la Comana i Cernica se datoreazcontactuluidirectalasociaieicuLemnominorisSpirodeletumKoch1954iWolffietumarrhizaeMiyawakietJ.Txen1960.2. LemnetumminorisOberdorferexTh.MlleretGrs1960Prezint o rspndire larg n toate bazinele acvatice, uneoriinstalnduse i n crovuri, anuri sau blile rezultate din ploiabundente. Vegeteaz bine n luminiurile stufriurilor, dar nspecial se gsete cantonat ntre sfia de stuf imal. Prezint odezvoltare continu n apele stttoare, dar poate vegeta i nbazinele uor curgtoare. n general fitocenozele suntmonodominante(Lemnaminor)inumai n locurile influenatebioticLemna trisulcaprezintodezvoltaremai accentuat.Celelalte speciintlnite nasociaiiprezinto constan redus:Lemnagibba,Ricciafluitans, Azolla caroliniana,Wolffia arrhiza, Salvinia natans,Utricularia

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vulgaris.Stratul submers este alctuit nprincipaldinCeratophyllumdemersum.3. Marsileaetumquadrifoliae(natantis)Burescu2003Fitocenozeleau fost identificate napeleruluiCrasna, laCpleni iDomneti i ale ruluiHomorod, laPaulian,Dacia iBoghi (jud.SatuMare). Sunt grupri termofile, localizate sub formade plcuricompacte (49m2) nape lin curgtoare ipuinadnci.Fizionomiaasociaiei estedatdeMarsilea quadrifolia f. natans, cepoate avea oacoperiregeneraldepnla80%.nstratulnatantsemaintlnesc:Spirodelapolyrhiza,Lemnaminor,Hydrocharismorsusranae,PotamogetonnodosusiTrapanatans.StratulsubmersestealctuitdinCeratophyllumdemersumiMyriophyllumspicatum.RiccioLemniontrisulcaeR.Txen1974AlianagrupeazcenozeacvaticesubmersedeRicciafluitansiLemnatrisulcacaresedezvolt nape linitite,preponderent reofile,parialumbrite,cuunconinutmoderatdesrurinutritive.Speciile caracteristice: Riccia fluitans, Ricciocarpus natans i Lemnatrisulca.4. LemnetumtrisulcaeKnappetStoffers1962Fitocenozele au fost identificate i descrise n cteva localiti dinsudulRomniei (Comana,Marica)dinbazinulBaeului idinDeltaDunrii, unde se dezvolt n ape puin profunde (0,30,8 m). ngeneral staiile cu Lemna trisulca sunt indicatoare pentru ape puinbogate nsruriminerale islab influenatebiotic.Alturidespeciadominant,Lemnatrisulca,carerealizeazoacoperirentre3585%semaipot ntlniLemnaminor iUtriculariavulgaris, carepotatingeoacoperirede1015%.5. LemnominorisSpirodeletumKoch1954Aceast asociaie a fost identificat n zona de sud a Romniei(Comana,Cldruani,Snagov,Marica)precuminvestulRomniei(Lugoj), unde se dezvolt n lacuri cu ap stagnant, puin adnci(0,31,5m) ibogate nsruriminerale.Speciadominantasinuziei

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flotanteesteSpirodelapolyrhiza,carencondiiioptimepoateatingeoacoperiremedie de 6595%.Alturi de aceasta, Lemna trisulca i L.minor sunt de asemenea bine reprezentate. Stratul submers estealctuitdinCeratophyllumdemersumiHydrocharismorsusranae.6. RiccietumfluitansSlavni1956n Cmpia Romn a fost identificat n bazinele Mogooaia iCldruani,ocupsuprafeereduse, fiindcantonat n luminiurilestufriurilor, precum i ntre gruprile de ScirpoPhragmitetum imal.Vegeteaznapestttoarede0,31madncime.Esteogruparesrac n specii. Riccia fluitans domin n asociaie, fiind nsoitfrecventdeelementeleemerse(Lemnaminor,Spirodelapolyrhiza)i nstratulsubmersdeCeratophyllumdemersum.Asociaiasuportunridicatgraddeumbrire,deisedezvoltuneorii n locuri deschise (subasociaia typicum SchwabeBraun 1981).Subasociaia ricciocarpetosumSandaetal.1994 (Syn:Ricciocarpetumnatantis (Segal 1963) R. Txen 1974, RiccioAzolletum carolinianaeNedelcuetal.1986)ocupsuprafeentinsenzonalitoralalaculuiCochirleni (Dobrogea). Burescu (2003) a semnalat populaii deRicciocarpusnatansdistribuitenochiurileppuriurilor laculuiIanca(com.Diosig, jud.Bihor), fiind nsoit nacestebiotopurideLemnaminoriHydrocharismorsusranae.7. WolffietumarrhizaeMiyawakietJ.Txen1960CenozeledominatedeWolffia arrhiza au fost identificate nCmpiaMunteniei (Cernica, Comana, Snagov, Fundeni, Valea Flosecului),interfluviulTimiBegaiCmpiaCriurilorundeformeazvetrede35 cm la suprafaa apei.Aceste grupri sunt instalateprintre stuf,unde gsesc adpost sigur mpotriva curenilor. Apele influenatebiotic n care sunt cantonate aceste fitocenoze prezint o reacieneutr (pH=77,1). nsinuziasubmerssedezvolt frecventLemnaminor, L. trisulca,Myriophyllum spicatum iUtricularia vulgaris, cu oacoperiredepn30%(NedelcuG.1967,PopI.1968).

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LemnoSalvinionnatantisSlavni1956naceastaliansuntgrupatecenozelehidrofileflotantedeSalvinianatansrspnditenprincipalnregiuniledesudestaleEuropei.Elesedezvolt napepuinadnci(0,51,5m)cuunconinutmediudesruriminerale.Speciilecaracteristice:SalvinianatansiAzollacaroliniana.8. LemnoSalvinietumnatantisMiyavakietJ.Txen1960Pn n prezent, fitocenozele asociaiei au fost semnalate dinMoldova,Oltenia,Muntenia,Dobrogea,DeltaDunriiinordvestulRomniei.AsociaiacuprindefitocenozeleedificatedeSalvinianatans,o specie termofil ce sedezvolt numai n adouaparte a verii, napele stttoare ale canalelor i blilor puin adnci (0,51,5 m),adpostite, penetrnd uneori i n luminiurile de ppuri, putndsuportaungradridicatdeacoperire.Suntpreferateapelecuobuntroficitatemineralicureaciealcalinpnmoderatalcalin(pH=7,38). Stratul emers este dominat de Salvinia natans, avnd oacoperire de 45%, fiind acompaniat de Lemna trisulca, L.minor iSpirodela polyrhiza. Sinuzia submers este constituit dinUtriculariavulgaris i Ceratophyllum demersum, pentru fitocenozele din nordvestul Romniei, sau Ceratophyllum demersum i Myriophyllumspicatum,pentruceledinCmpiaRomn.9. SpirodeloSalvinietumSlavni1956Asociaiaprezintolargrspndirenbazineleacvaticedinnsudulivestul riinoastre (Muntenia,Oltenia iBanat). nDeltaDunrii(SandaetPopescu1973)afostidentificatpetraiectulunuicanaldelegtur n apropierea bazinelor complexelor Trei Ozere, pe osuprafade 200m lungime