f.ngh.j. (c.ju) cjtpf; fUj;juq;F · capupay; I f.ngh.j. (c.ju) cjtpf; fUj;juq;F - 2016,uz;L kzpj;jpahyk; ftdpf;fTk;: ∗ vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf. njhlf;fk;∗ vd vz;zplg;gl;l

capupay; I

f.ngh.j. (c.ju) cjtpf; fUj;juq;F - 2016

,uz;L kzpj;jpahyk;

ftdpf;fTk; : ∗ vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf.

∗01njhlf;fk;50tiuAs;s tpdhf;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk;^1&"^2&"^3&"^4&"^5&vd vz;zplg;gl;l tpilfspy;

rupahd my;yJ kpfg; nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupe;njLf;f.

1. ,ypg;gpl;L Nru;itfis khj;jpuk; nfhz;l $l;lk; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

^1& nkOF> fpA+w;upd;> ifw;wpd;. ^2& ngf;upd;> nghRNghypg;gpl;> ];uPNuha;l;.

^3& nkOF> fpA+w;wpd;> ];uPNuha;l;. ^4& Nug;gd;fs;> Rgupd;> ifw;upd;.

^5& ,ypf;dpd;> ngf;upd;> Nug;gd;fs;.

2. Fspu;fhyq;fspd;NghJ ePu;epiyfspYk; fyq;fspd; cs;NsAk; ePu; ,yFtpy; ciwahky; ,Ug;gjw;F

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ePupd; vt;tpay;G fhuzkhfTs;sJ? ^1& ciwAk;NghJ fdtsT mrhjhuzkhf mjpfupj;jy;. ^2& cau; cUfypd; kiwntg;gk;.

^3& cau; Nkw;gug;gpOtpir. ^4& cau; xl;lw;gz;G ,Otpirfs;.

^5& cau; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT.

3. fhNghitjNuw;Wfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUk; $w;WfSs; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& midj;Jk; fpisj;j my;yJ fpisf;fhj rq;fpypfisf; nfhz;l gy;gFjpar; Nru;itfshFk;.

^2& midj;Jk; fpisf;Nfhrapbf; gpizg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

^3& capupfspy; ghuk;gupag; gjhu;j;jq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;.

^4& midj;Jk; jho;j;Jk; ,ay;gpidf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

^5& tpyq;Ffspd; clypy; fl;likg;gpw;Fupa gFjpfshff; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

4. jhtu ,ioaq;fs; njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& G+z;Lj;jhtuq;fspy; nghwpKiw Mjhuk; toq;fy; Gilf;fytpioaq;fspd; gpujhd njhopy; MFk;.

^2& xl;Lf;fytpioaq;fspy; xUnghOJk; fyj;jpilntspfs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

^3& ty;yUf;fytpioaj;jpd; fyr;Rtu;$W ePiu CLGftplf;$baJ.

^4& fho; ,ioaj;jpd; Clhf ePu; khj;jpuk; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

^5& cupa ,ioaj;jpd; capUs;s fyq;fspy; fU fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

5. ,ioAUg;gpupT njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& ,U KidfspypUe;J tUfpd;w fjpu;ehu;fs; epw%u;j;jj;jpd; ifndw;NuhNfhu; cld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

^2& midj;Jj; jhtuq;fspYk; Gzupahf;fj;jpd;NghJ ,J eilngWfpd;wJ.

^3& mikg;nghj;j epw%u;j;jq;fs; Nrhb NrUfpd;wd. ^4& epw%u;j;jq;fspd; ePsk; Fiwtilfpd;wJ.

^5& ghuk;gupa uPjpapy; xj;j fyq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

6. kdpjdpd; FUjpf; fyq;fs; njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& ntz;FUjpr; rpWJzpf;if tifiar; Nru;e;j mkpy ehbfs; kpf mjpf tPjj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;.

^2& nrq;FUjpr; rpWJzpf;iffspd; tho;f;iff;fhyk; Vwf;Fiwa %d;W ehl;fs; MFk;.

^3& epzePu;Fopaq;fspd; gpujhd njhopy; gpwnghUnsjpupfis cw;gj;jp nra;jy; MFk;.

^4& %yehbfs; FUjp ciwjYf;F Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

^5& ntz;FUjpr; rpWJzpf;iffspd; nraw;wpwd; fhyj;jpd; gpd;G <uypYk; kz;zPuypYk; moptilfpd;wd.

[ gf;. 2 Ig; ghu;f;f.

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7. nehjpaq;fs; njhlu;ghd rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. A - nehjpaq;fs; capUs;s fyq;fspy; khj;jpuk; nraw;gLfpd;wd.

B - nehjpaq;fspd; tpidj;jpwdhd njhopw;ghl;bw;F rpy mad;fs; Njitg;glyhk;.

C -rpy GNwhfupNahl;lhf;fspd; nehjpaq;fspd; rpwg;G ntg;gepiy 60° C ,Yk; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl KbAk;.

D -Gujq;fspd; Kjyhd fl;likg;ghdJ mikg;goptpd;NghJ mopf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rupahd $w;Wfshf miktd>

^1& A, C ^2& B, C ^3& A, B, C ^4&B, C, D ^5& B , D

8. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& rpy mq;fpfs; xl;rprid cs;nsLf;fhky; fhgdPnuhl;irl;il ntsptpLfpd;wd.

^2& rpy mq;fpfspd; fhw;Wr;Rthrj;jpw;F ,iokzpfs; Njitg;glhJ.

^3& Rthrf;fPo;g;gil> ,iokzpapd; jhaj;jpy; KOikahf fhnghl;rp ePf;fYf;F cs;shfpd;wJ.

^4& mw;fNfhy; nehjpj;jypy; vjNdhy; ,Wjp Ijurd; thq;fpahFk;.

^5& fpisNfhgFg;gpy; xl;rpNaw;wj;jpw;F Kd; FSf;Nfhi] capu;g;G+l;l ATP gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

9. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ fhw;Wr;Rthrk;> xspr;Rthrk; ,uz;bw;Fk; nghJthff; fhzg;glhJ?

^1& ,uz;L nrad;KiwfSk; C4jhtuq;fspy; eilngWfpd;wJ.

^2& ,uz;L nrad;KiwfspYk; fhgdPnuhl;irl; ntsptplg;gLfpd;wJ.

^3& ,uz;L nrad;KiwfspYk; xl;rprd; cs;nsLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

^4& ,uz;L nrad;KiwfspYk; ,iokzp gq;fspf;fpd;wJ.

^5& PGA ,ilepiy tpisnghUshf cUthfpd;wJ.

10. GNwhl;b];uh njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& midj;J GNwhl;b];uhf;fSk; FNshugpy; a If; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

^2& midj;J GNwhl;b];uhf;fSk; jdpf;fyKilait.

^3& midj;J GNwhl;b];uhf;fspd; fyr;RtUk; nrYNyhrpidf; nfhz;lit.

^4& midj;J GNwhl;b];uhf;fSk; ,A+fupNahl;lhf;fs; MFk;.

^5& midj;J GNwhl;b];uhf;fspd; tho;f;if tl;lj;jpYk; ,aq;ff;$ba fyq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

11. gq;fRf;fspd; ,ypq;fkpy; ,df;fg;ngUf;fj;Jld; rk;ge;jKila fyq;fs; my;yJ mikg;Gfs;

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

^1& Nfhzp tpj;jpfs; ^2& tpj;jpf;fyd; ^3& rpw;wbtpj;jpfs;

^4& Kl;ilr;rddp ^5& J}spatpj;jpfs;

12. ,Ugf;fr; rkr;rPu;> xLf;fg;gl;l clw;Fop> KJFg;Gw ,jak;> fhDs;s rddpfs; Mfpa midj;J

,ay;GfSk; nfhz;l tpyq;Ff; fzk;>

^1& nkhy];fh> Mj;jpNuhNghlh ^2& mdyplh> Mj;jpNuhNghlh

^3& mdyplh> nekw;Nuhlh ^4& nekw;Nuhlh> Mj;jpNuhNghlh ^5& nkhy];fh> mdyplh

13. ,uz;L;> %d;W> ehd;F miwfis cila ,jaj;ijf; nfhz;l tpyq;Ff; $l;lq;fisr; rupahd xOq;fpy;

nfhz;l tpiliaj; njupTnra;f.

^1& x];upf;jp];> mk;gPgpah> nug;uPypah ^2& nfhd;bupj;jP];> mk;gPgpah> MNt];

^3& mk;gPgpah> nug;uPypah> MNt]; ^4& mk;gPgpah> MNt];> nug;uPypah

^5& nug;uPypah> MNt];> knkypah


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14. jw;Nghrzpfs; njhlu;ghd gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& midj;J jw;NghrzpfspdJk; rf;jp Kjy; #upa xsp MFk;.

^2& rpy iejurd; gjpf;Fk; gw;wPupahf;fs; jw;Nghrzpfs; MFk;.

^3& midj;J jw;NghrzpfspYk; FNshugpy; a fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

^4& GNwhfupNahl;lhf;fspy; jw;Nghriz fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

^5& rpy jw;Nghrzpfs; kz;zpy; tho;fpd;wd.

15. kdpjdpd; ckpo;ePu; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& ckpo;ePu; ,uz;L nehjpaq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

^2& ckpo;ePupd; pH tPr;R mz;zsthf 6.5 - 7.4 MFk;.

^3& ckpo;ePuhdJ gpujhd ckpo;ePu; Rug;gpf;F Nkyjpfkhf tha;Fop Nkyzpapy; cs;s NtW Rug;Gf;fyq;fshYk;

Ruf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

^4& ckpo;ePu; Ruj;jiy euk;GfSk; XNkhd;fSk; rPuhf;Ffpd;wd.

^5& ckpo;ePu; gw;wPupahf;fis mopf;Fk; ,ay;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

16. kdpjdpd; ngUq;Fly; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& rPjKspg;gilapy; rPjr;Rug;gpfSk; epzePu;f;fZf;fSk; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

^2& ngUq;Flypy; fhzg;gLfpd;w uPdpah RUs; tl;lj; jirfshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

^3& kpf mjpfsT ePu; ,g;gFjpahy; mfj;JWQ;rg;gLfpd;wJ.

^4& ,q;Fs;s rilKisfs; mfj;JWQ;riy tpidj;jpwdhf;Ffpd;wd.

^5& ,g;gFjpapy; cs;s Ez;zq;fpfshNyNa tpw;wkpd;fs; njhFf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

17. gpd;tUtd> rpy tpyq;Ffspd; Rthrf; fl;likg;GfshFk;.

A - clw;Nghu;it B - G+f;fs; C -Vl;L EiuaPuy; D -EiuaPuy; E - thjdhsp

NkNy jug;gl;Ls;stw;wpy; vr;Rthr fl;likg;Gfs; fzk; Mj;jpuNghlhtpy; cs;s tpyq;Ffspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd?

^1& A, B ck; E ck; ^2& C, D ck;Eck; ^3& B, C ck;E ck;

^4&C, B ck;E ck; ^5& A, C ck;E ck;

18. kdpj Rthrj;njhFjpapd; fl;likg;GfSld; njhlu;ghd rupahd Nru;khdj;ijj; njupTnra;f.

^1& Rthrf;Foha;fs; - gilnfhz;l gprpu;Nkyzp

^2& Rthrr; rpWFoha;fs; - xOq;fw;w frpapioa tisaq;fs;

^3& rpw;wiwf; fhd;fs; - Nghypg;gil nfhz;l gprpu;Nkyzp

^4& rpw;wiwr; Rtu; - ngUe;jpd;fyq;fs; ^5& thjdhsp - td;$l;Lj;jirfs;

19. xNu tpl;lKs;sJk; 5 cm ePsKs;sJk; Md ,uz;L cUisf;fpoq;Ff; fPyq;fs; A, B Mfpa Rf;FNuh];

fiurypy; mkpo;j;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpd; fiua mOj;jq;fs; KiwNa – 1500 kpa, – 1230 kpa vd;gd MFk;.

rkepiyapd; gpd;du; fiury; A ,y; cs;s fPyj;jpd; ePsk; khj;jpuk; 5.2 cm tiu mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ.

A, B fiury;fs; njhlu;ghf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahjJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

^1& ,ioaj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ fiury; AcggpurhuzkhdJ.

^2& fiury; B ,y; mkpo;j;jg;gl;l ,ioaj;jpd; ePuOj;jk; – 1230 kpa MFk;.

^3& A fiurypy; cs;s ,ioaj;jpDs; ePu; cl;nrd;Ws;sJ.

^4& A fiurypy; cs;s ,ioaj;jpd; ePuOj;jk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

^5& B fiurypy; cs;s ,ioaj;jpDs; ePu; cl;nry;yTkpy;iy mfw;wg;glTkpy;iy.

20. tpyq;Ffspd; FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lk; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& midj;J NfhNlw;whf;fSk; %ba FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

^2& midj;J Ks;se;jz;lw;w tpyq;FfSk; jpwe;j FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

^3& jpwe;j FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lKs;s tpyq;Ffspy; FUjp epwg;nghUl;fs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

^4& midj;J NfhNlw;whf;fspYk; ,ul;ilf; FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

^5& xw;iwf; FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; xl;rprd; nrwpT Fiwe;j FUjpAk; FUjpAk; xl;rprd; nrwpT $ba

FUjpAk; ,jaj;jpy; fyf;fpd;wJ.


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21. kdpjdpd; ,jatl;lk;> mjd; gbepiyfs; njhlu;ghd rupahd $w;wpidj; njupTnra;f.

^1& ,jatl;lk; 8 nrf;fd;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;.^2& ,jatiwfspd; RUf;fk; 4 nrf;fd;fs; epiyj;jpUf;Fk;.^3& ,jatiwfs; jsUk;NghJ miukjp thy;Tfs; %Lfpd;wd.

^4& Kw;whd ,jaj; jsu;tpd;NghJ ,ja miwfspy; FUjp fhzg;glhJ.

^5& ,jatiwfspd; Xa;tpw;F vLf;Fk; fhyk; 1 nrf;fd; MFk;.

• 22 Mk; 23 Mk; tpdhf;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit.

XNkhd; cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lk; jhf;f mq;fk;

A xf;rpNuhrpd;

B my;nlh];nuNwhd; C vupj;jpNwhnghapw;upd;

P rpWePufk;

Q guptff; fPo; R mjpupdy; Nkw;gl;il

X vd;Gfs; Y fUg;ig Z rpWePufk;

22. XNkhd;fs; A, B, C ,d; cw;gj;jpahFkplj;ij rupahd xOq;fpy; fhl;LtJ

^1& P, Q, R ^2& Q, R, P ^3& R, Q, P ^4& R, P, Q ^5& Q, P, R

23. XNkhd;fs; A, B, C Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;f mq;fq;fis rupahd xOq;fpy; jUtJ

^1& Y, Z, X ^2& X, Z Y ^3& Y, X, Z ^4& Z, Y, X ^5& Z, X, Y

24. tpyq;Ffspd; xspthq;fpfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahd vJ?

^1& rPnye;;jpNuw;whf;fspy; Gyd; fl;likg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

^2& midj;J Mj;jpNuhNghlhf;fspYk; $l;Lf;fz;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

^3& midj;J xspthq;fpfSk; tpk;gq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

^4& rpy nkhy];fhf;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w fz;fs; ngUk;ghYk; NfhNlw;whf;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;w fz;fSf;F

xj;jjhf cs;sd.

^5& tpyq;F ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Kjd; Kjypy; jl;ilg;GOf;fspy; xspthq;fpf; fyq;fs; tpUj;jpaile;Js;sd.

25. kdpjdpd; Ks;se;jz;Lf; fk;gk; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& Kjpu;%yTU epiyapy; xU tisT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

^2& fOj;J tisT cUthf;fg;gl;lgpd; Foe;ij jiyia epkpu;j;Jfpd;wJ.

^3& JiztisTfs; tpUj;jpaile;j gpd;du; neQ;riw tisTj; jpUntd;G tisTfs; Kjd;ik

tisTfshff; fhzg;gLk;.

^4& JiztisTfs; Kd;Gwkhf FtpthfTk; Kjy;tisTfs; Kd;Gwkhf FopthfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

^5& Foe;ij gpwe;J xUtUlj;jpd; gpd; Kz;lj;jpid epkpu;j;jf;$ba jd;ikiaf; ngWfpd;wJ.

26. jpUg;g mirT tifahdJ>

^1& fpskpNlhNkhd];fs; xspia Nehf;fp ePe;Jjy;.

^2& tspkz;lyj;jpy; fhgdPnuhl;irl; nrwpT mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ fhtw;fyq;fs; %Ljy;.

^3& fpilahf itf;fg;gl;ll rl;b jhtuj;jpd; MzpNtu; tise;J G+kpia Nehf;fp tsUjy;.

^4& mfj;jp ,iyfs; ,Uspy; %Ljy;.

^5& NghfNdw;wj;jpd; Mz;Gzupfs;> ngz;fyr; rddpia Nehf;fp ePe;Jjy;.

27. kdpjdpd; ,Lg;G njhlu;ghf gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& ,J tapW> ,Lg;G Mfpatw;wpd; Gilr;rt;TfSf;F Mjhukspg;gjpy; gq;fspf;fpd;wJ.

^2& mr;R td;$l;bd; gFjpAk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

^3& ,J %d;W vd;Gfs; ,ize;J cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

^4& ,J epkpu;e;j epiyiag; NgZtjpy; gq;fspf;fpd;wJ.

^5& ,J fPo; mtaj;ijj; jhq;Ftjpy; gq;fspf;fpd;wJ.

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28. jha;g;ghy; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& ,J khg;nghUs; Nghd;W ,yFtpy; rkpghlilaf;$ba fhNghitjNuw;Wf;fis cs;slf;fp cs;sJ.

^2& ,J gRk;ghiytpl mjpfsT Nrhbak; mad;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

^3& ,J ,yf;Nuhngupidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

^4& ,J nfhOg;igf; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy.

^5& Foe;ijf;F MW khjq;fspd; gpd; jha;g;ghy; Cl;ly; epWj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

29. kdpjdpd; tpe;Jg;gpwg;ghf;fj;jpd; NtWgl;l epiyfs; A - E ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. tpe;Jg;gpwg;ghf;fj;jpd;

fyq;fis rupahd xOq;fpy; nfhz;Ls;s tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.

A - tpe;Jfs; B - tpe;Jg; gpwg;Gfyk; C - Kjy; tpe;Jf;Fopak;

D - Jiz tpe;Jf;FopAk; E - tpe;jhFfyk;

^1& B, D, C, E, A ^2& B, C, D, E, A ^3& C, D, B, E, A

^4& D, B, C, A, E ^5& B, C, D, A, E

30. jtwhd $w;iwj; njupT nra;f.

^1& fUg;ig mfj;Njhy;> fUg;igr;Rw;W> fUg;igj;jir Mfpa %d;W gilfs; fUg;igapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

^2& gpwg;gpd;NghJ ,uz;L #yfq;fSk; 2 000 000 Kjyhd Gilg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

^3& Mz; Kjw;fU> ngz; Kjw;fUTld; ,izjy; fUf;fl;ly; MFk;.

^4& %d;whk; khj Kbtpy; Kjpu; %yTU mz;zsthf 15 cm ePskhdJ. ^5& gpwg;gpw;F rw;WKd; jhapd; Gun[];uNuhd; mstpy; njspthd tPo;r;rp fhzg;gLk;.

31. xl;rpd; njhlu;ghd $w;Wfspy; jtwhdJ>

^1& cr;rpahl;rpia epNuhjpf;Fk;.

^2& ,sk; ,iyfspYk; jz;bd; cr;rpapYk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

^3& ,iyapy; ntl;Lg;gil cUthtij epNuhjpf;Fk;.

^4& khwpioaj; njhopw;ghl;ilj; J}z;Lk;.

^5& goq;fs;> Ntu;fspd; tsu;r;rpiaj; J}z;Lk;.

32.jhapd; FUjpf;$l;lk; AB MfTk; je;ijapd; FUjpf;$l;lk; B MfTKs;stu;fsJ gps;isfspd; rhj;jpakhd

FUjpf; $l;lq;fs;

^1& A, B khj;jpuk;.

^2& AB, B khj;jpuk;.

^3& AB, A khj;jpuk;

^4& A, B, AB, O Mfpa midj;J FUjpf; $l;lq;fSk; fhzg;gLk;.

^5& A, B, AB khj;jpuk;.

33. capupdf; $u;g;G njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhdJ vJ?

^1& mq;fp jdJ tho;Tf;fhyj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l ,irthd ,ay;Gfisf; flj;Jtjd; %yk; $u;g;G

eilngw;wjhf ,yhkhf;fpdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l $u;g;Gf;nfhs;if $Wfpd;wJ.

^2& `hu;b ntapd;Ngu;f; rkepiyiag; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfs; $u;g;gpw;F fhuzkhf mike;Js;sd.

^3& mq;fpfspy; kpf cau;thd ,dg;ngUf;Fk; jpwd; fhzg;gLfpd;wik ,aw;ifj; Nju;Tf; nfhs;ifia

Kd;itg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j mtjhdpg;G MFk;.

^4& rhu;s;]; lhtpd;> w]y; ty]; MfpNahuhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jiyKiwAupik ngw;w ,ay;Gfs; njhlu;ghd

fUj;Jf;fSk; ,aw;ifj; Nju;Tf; nfhs;ifapy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

^5& epyTiff;fhd Nghuhl;lk;> jf;fd gpioj;jy; Mfpad fhuzkhf ,aw;ifj; Nju;T Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

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34. ‘jq;f muprp’ ney; tu;f;fk;>

^1& new; jhtuj;jpy; itu]; Neha;j; jhf;fj;jpw;F vjpu;g;Gr;rf;jp cs;sjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

^2& G+r;rpfSf;F vjpu;g;Gj;jpwDs;s gw;wPupah guk;giuayiff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

^3& jq;fepw ney; tpijfis cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;w gapu;fspd; tpisr;riy mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

^4& new; gapu;r;nra;ifapy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; fisehrpdpf;F vjpu;g;Gj; jpwDilaJ.

^5& kz;tho; gw;wPupah ,dj;jpd; guk;giuayfpd; %yk; tpw;wkpd; A Ig; ngWk; NgjkhFk;.

35. rupahd $w;iwj; njupTnra;f.

^1& Kjyhd cw;gj;jpahsu;fshy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; ,urhad rf;jpahf khw;wg;gl;l xspr;rf;jpapd;

msT Kjyhd cw;gj;jp vdg;gLk;.

^2& nkhj;j KjYw;gj;jpj; jpwdpd; rupahd myF(kgm-2yr-1) fpNyhfpuhk; / tUlk; / kPw;wu; tu;f;fk; MFk;.

^3& Kjyhd cw;gj;jpahsu;fspdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l rf;jpahdJ Njwpa KjYw;gj;jpj;jpwdpy;

cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.

^4& #ow;njhFjpapy; rf;jp> mq;fpfspd; Clhf tl;lr; nrad;Kiwapy; CLflj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

^5& vy;yh #oypay; $k;gfq;fspdJk; mbg;gFjp Kjy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fshy; Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

36. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ vJ?

^1& jdpf;fy ,A+fupNahl;lhf;fs; gw;wPupahf;fspypUe;J $u;g;gile;Js;sd.

^2& Ks;se;jz;L fzq;fs; 1 – 1.5 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfspw;F Kd; Njhd;wpAs;sd.

^3& epyj;jpid Kjypy; Mf;fpukpj;j mk;gPgpahf;fspy; ,Ue;J nug;uPypahf;fs; Njhd;wpAs;sd.

^4& kPNrhNrhapf; Afj;jpy; KiyA+l;bfs; Ml;rpahdit.

^5& 900 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfshf rKj;jpuq;fspy; capu;g; gy;tifik eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

37. fyhrhu ,dq;fs; vd;gJ>

^1& jkJ ,aw;ifahd gpuNjrj;jpw;F ntspahd gpwpnjhU Gtpapay; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;l

,dq;fs;.

^2& xU fhyj;jpy; gutpf;fhzg;gl;litAk; jw;NghJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;litAkhf my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l

gpuNjrq;fspy; kl;Lk; fhzg;gLfpd;witAkhd ,dq;fs;.

^3& cyfpd; NtW vq;Fk; ,aw;ifahff; fhzg;glhjitAk; Fwpj;j gpuNjrk; my;yJ ehl;by; kl;Lk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJkhd ,dq;fs;.

^4& Mgj;jpw;F ,yf;fhff;$ba jd;ik> ftu;r;rpahd jd;ik> my;yJ NtWgLj;jpf;nfhs;sf;$ba jd;ikapdhy;

njupTnra;ag;gl;l ,dk;.

^5& kdpjj; jiyaPL ,y;yhJ ,aw;ifahfNt Fwpj;j gpuNjrj;jpy; te;J FbNawpa ,dq;fs;.

38. mq;fpfspd; rpy ,dq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

A - Nitrosomanas B - Clostridium

C - Acetobacter D - Nostoc

E - Lactobacillus

,urhadj; jw;Nghrzp> fl;Lg;gl;l fhw;wpd;wpthop> xd;wpatho;T mw;w Kiwapy; iejurd; gjpg;git Mfpa

Ez;zq;fpfis rupahd xOq;fpy; jUfpd;w tpiliaj; njupT nra;f.

^1& A, B ck; D ck; ^2& D, Ack;Bck; ^3& A, Eck;D ck;

^4& C, Dck; E ck; ^5& B, Ack;Eck;

39. fopT ePu;g; gupfupg;G nghwpaj;jpy; Kjyhd gupfupg;G> Jizahd gupfupg;G Mfpa ,uz;Lf;Fk; nghJthd

nrad;Kiw gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ?

(A) vz;nza;> fpwp];> kz; Mfpatw;wpid mfw;wy;.

(B)fopT ePupd; Jupj xl;rpNaw;wk;.

(C)ghiwg; nghUs;fspd; gLf;ifapy; fopT ePiu tprpwy;.

(D) Nrjdg; nghUs;fis mfw;wy;.

(E) FNshuPidr; Nru;j;J njhw;WePf;fy;.

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40. gpd;tUk; vr; nrad;Kiw fhw;Ws;s epiyapy; eilngwhJ?

(A) rpWjhiu (Trichling) tb Kiw %yk; ePupd; Rj;jpfupg;G.

(B)capu; thA cw;gj;jp.

(C)$l;nlU cw;gj;jp.

(D) juq; Fiwe;j jhjpypUe;J nrk;G gpupj;njLg;G.

(E) fs;spypUe;J tpdhfpup cw;gj;jp.

41 njhlf;fk; 50 tiuAs;s tpdhf;fs; xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; jug;gl;Ls;s tpilfSs; xd;W rupahdJ / xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lit rupahdit. tpilfSs; vJ rupahdJ / vit rupahdit vd KbT nra;f. gpd;du; nghUj;jkhd

,yf;fj;ijj; njupe;njLf;f.

A, B, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit vdpd; 1A, C, D Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit vdpd; 2A,B Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit vdpd; 3C,D Mfpad khj;jpuk; rupahdit vdpd; 4NtW tpil my;yJ tpilfspd; Nru;it rup vdpd; 5

nghopg;ghf;fpa gzpg;Giufs;

1 2 3 4 5

A, B, D rupahdit.

A, C, D rupahdit.

A, Brupahdit.

C, Drupahdit.

NtW tpil my;yJ tpilfspd;

Nru;it rup vdpd;

41. gpd;tUk; ve;j capu; ,urhadr; nrad;Kiwf;F / nrad;KiwfSf;F ATP rf;jp Njit?

(A) nfy;tpd; tl;lj;jpy; PGA Ij; jho;j;Jtjw;F. (B)nea;aupf; Foha;fspD}lhf Rf;FNuhrpd; nfhz;L nry;yYf;F.

(C)kz;fiurypypUe;J mad;fis Ntu;kapu;f; fyq;fSs; mfj;JWQ;Rtjw;F.

(D) fpisNfhg;gFg;gpy; FSf;Nfhrpd; xl;rpNaw;wj;jpw;F.

(E) rpWePufj;jpfspd; mz;ikahd kbe;j FoYU gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J A+upahtpd; kPs; mfj;JwpQ;rYf;F.

42. kdpjdpd; czTf;fhy;thapdhy; Ruf;fg;gLfpd;w rkpghl;L njhopw;ghl;by; <Lglhj nehjpak; /nehjpaq;fs; (A) ,ypg;Ng]; (B) mikNdh ngg;upNl]; (C)vd;uNwhifNd];

(D) iyNrhirk; (E) epA+fpspNa];

43. kdpjdpd; cly; ntg;gepiy rhjhuz epiyia tpl mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ vr; nraw;ghL/ nraw;ghLfs;

eilngWtjpy;iy?

(A) tpau;itr; Rug;gpfs; J}z;lg;gLjy;.

(B)nrYj;Jfpd;w Foha;fspd; RUf;fk;.

(C)<uypy; ,ypg;gpl; xl;rpNaw;w tPjk; mjpfupj;jy;.

(D) ijnuhf;rpd;> mjpupdypd; Mfpatw;wpd; Ruj;jy; mjpfupj;jy;.

(E) Njhypy; Rw;way; FUjpf;Foha;fs; tpuptiljy;.

44. Kjpu;r;rpaile;j ,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;bd; 'kuTup"apd; njhopy;/ njhopy;fs;. (A) ghJfhg;G. (B)Nrjd czitf; nfhz;L nry;yy;.

(C)ePu;> fdpAg;Gf;fisf; flj;jy;. (D) thAg; gupkhw;wk;.

(E) xspj;njhFg;G.

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45. gpd;tUk; ve;epfo;T / epfo;Tfspy; xLf;fw; gpupT eilngWfpd;wJ? (A) Selaginella Ez;tpj;jpf;fydpy; Ez;tpj;jpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;NghJ.

(B)me;Njhigw;whf;fspd; kfue;jf; Fohapy; Mz;fUf;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;NghJ.

(C) Ascospores ,d; Nfhzp tpj;jpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;NghJ.

(D) kfue;jg;igapy; kfue;jkzpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;NghJ.

(E) Kisag;igapy; KidTf;fUf;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;NghJ.

46. kQ;rs;> mOj;jkhd tpijfisAila XupdEf> Ml;rpahd gl;lhzpj; jhtukhdJ XupdEf> gpd;dpilthd

gr;ir> jpuq;fpa tpijfSldhd gl;lhzpj; jhtuj;Jld; fyg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,f; fyg;gpy; vjpUUf;fs;

RahjPdkhf jdpg;gLj;jg;gLkhapd; F1 vr;rq;fs; njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; $w;WfSs; vJ / vit rupahdJ / rupahdit?

(A) ehd;F gpwg;Gupikaikg;Gila Gzupfs; F1 ,y; cUthf;fg;gLk;.

(B) F1 jhtuq;fis jd;kfue;jr; Nru;iff;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ ehd;F Njhw;wtikg;G $l;lq;fs; ngwg;gLk;. (C) F1 jhtuq;fis Nrhjidf; fyg;gpw;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ 50% kfl; jhtuq;fs; ,uz;L ,ay;gpw;Fk;

Ml;rpahd guk;giuayiff; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. (D) F1 jhtuq;fis jd;kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ vl;L guk;giuayFf; $l;lq;fs; ngwg;gLk;. (E) F1 jhtuq;fis jd;kfue;jr; Nru;f;iff;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ XupdEf Ml;rpahd jhtuq;fspd; tpfpjk;

4/16 MFk;.

47. midj;J fyd;whtuq;fspdJk; nghJthd ,ay;G / ,ay;Gfs;> (A) tpj;jpj;jhtuq;fs; Ml;rpahdit.

(B)tho;f;if tl;lj;jpy; Kisa epiy fhzg;gly;.

(C)xspj;njhFg;G nra;af;$ba Gzupj;jhtuq;fs; fhzg;gly;.

(D) tpj;Jf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

(E) gy;ypd tpj;jpfs; fhzg;gly;.

48. AIDS Neha;> (A) RNA I cila iturpdhy; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

(B) ghypay; njhlu;Gfshy; khj;jpuk; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (C)epu;g;gPldj; njhFjpapd; T tif epzePu;f;Fopaq;fis mopf;Fk;.

(D)Nehahf;fp itu];> wpNt]; uhd;];fpwpg;Nu]; nehjpaj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

(E) md;uptf;rPd; %yk; Fzg;gLj;j KbAk;.

49. cyf capupdf; $l;lq;fs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; rupahdJ / rupahdit vJ / vit? (A) rtd;dh Gy;epyq;fspy; kuq;fs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

(B) iufh capupdf; $l;lj;jpy; cs;s jhtuq;fspd; ,iyfs; Fspu;fhyj;jpy; cjpu;fpd;wd.

(C)rg;guy; capupdf; $l;lj;jpy; cs;s jhtuq;fs; vd;Wk; gRikahdit.

(D)madkz;ly kiof;fhLfspy; Nknyhl;bfSk; kukaNtwpfSk; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk;.

(E) madkz;lyg; gpuNjrj;jpy; khj;jpuk; ghiytdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

50. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ / vit Ez;zq;fpfshy; Vw;gLfpd;w Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w Kiwfspy;

rupahdJ / rupahdit? (A) Njhypy; cs;s Ez;zq;fpfspd; Fbj;njhifiaf; Fiwf;f vijy; mw;fNfhy; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

(B) nraw;ifahd capu;g;ghd> ke;jkhd epu;g;gPldj;ij Vw;gLj;j tf;rPd; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

(C)FbePupy; cs;s Ez;zq;fpfis mopf;f njhw;W ePf;fpfs; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

(D)fhtpfis ntw;wpfukhf mopg;gjd; %yk; rpy njhw;W Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.

(E) Ez;Zapu;f; nfhy;ypfis Kd;ndr;rupf;ifahf toq;Ftjd; %yk; (Epidemic) njhw;W Neha;fs;

guTtijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.

* * *

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capupay; II


%d;W kzpj;jpahyk;

1. (A) (i) capu;f;fyq;fspd; mDNrgr; nraw;ghLfSf;F rf;jpia toq;Ffpd;w gpujhd

epA+f;fpspNahiul;bidg; ngaupLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l epA+f;fpspNahiul;bd; gpujhd Mf;ff;$w;W %yf;$Wfisg; ngaupLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

(iii) NkNy (A) (i) ,y; Fwpg;gl;l Nru;it mjd; njhopw;ghl;bw;Fg; nghUj;jkhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd

gpujhd fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) fyg;gpuptpy; DNA ,d; Rajw;gfu;g;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

..............................................................................................................................................

(v) DNA apd; Rajw;gfu;g;gpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; ,uz;L gpujhd nehjpaq;fisg; ngaupl;L>

mtw;wpd; jdpj;Jtkhd njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

nehjpak; njhopy;

.......................................................... ...........................................................

.......................................................... ...........................................................

(vi) kPsr;Nru;jy; DNA %yf;$W vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(vii) kUj;Jtj;jpy; kPsr;Nru;jy; DNA njhopDl;gj;jpd; %d;W gpuNahfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(viii) DNA kPsr;Nru;jy; njhopDl;gr; nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; xt;nthU njhopypw;Fkhd nehjpak;

xd;iwg; ngaupLf.

njhopy; nehjpak;

DNA I rpwg;Gj; jhdq;fspy; Jz;lhf;fy; ...........................................................

DNA Jz;Lfis ,izj;jy; ...........................................................


gFjp A- mikg;Gf; fl;Liu

* vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; ,j;jhspNyNa tpil vOJf.

* xt;nthU tpdhtpd; tpilf;Fk; 10 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;

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(B) (i) gpd;tUk; xt;nthU njhopypYk; <LgLfpd;w fyf; fl;likg;G xd;iwg; ngaupLf.

njhopy; fl;likg;G

a. nkd;rt;tpd; ngh];Nghypg;gpl;Lf;fspd;; njhFg;G

b'FopaTUr; Rw;Nwhl;lk;

c',iwNghNrhrk;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;

d'fyq;fSf;fpilapyhd xOFjiyj; jLj;jy;

(ii) (a) \jirg;ghj;J| vd;why; vd;d?

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) jirg;ghj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;w jir tiffisg; ngaupLf.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) NkNy (ii) (b) ,y; ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l jir tiffSf;fpilapyhd ,uz;L clw;nwhopypay;

NtWghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) tOf;Fk; ,iof; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; jirr; RUf;fj;jpd;NghJ jirg;ghj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

ehd;F khw;wq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(v) jhtuq;fspy; nghwpKiw Mjhuj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd ,ioaq;fisg; ngaupl;L> mt; xt;nthU

,ioaKk; vt;thW cupa njhopYf;nfd rpwj;jyile;Js;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,ioak; rpwj;jyile;Js;s tpjk;

............................................. ...................................................................................

............................................. ...................................................................................

............................................. ...................................................................................

(vi) NkNy (v) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ioaq;fSs; rpf;fyhd ,ioak; vJ?

.....................................................................................................................................................

(vii) NkNy (vi) ,y; Fwpg;gl;l ,ioaj;jpd;> nghwpKiw Mjhuk; jtpu;e;j NtW ,uz;L

njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

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(C) (i) kdpjdpd; td;$l;Lj; njhFjpapd; gpujhd njhopy;fs; ahit?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(ii)kdpj Ks;se;jz;Lf; fk;gj;jpy; Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfs; ,ize;J cUthd vd;Gfisg; ngaupl;L>

mit xt;nthd;wpYk; cs;s ,ize;j Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpg;gpLf.

vd;G Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if

•.......................................................... ..........................................................

• .......................................................... ..........................................................

(iii) epkpu;e;j Njhw;w epiyf;F gq;fspf;Fk; kdpjdpd; Ks;se;jz;Lf; fk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L

,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfis khjpup Ks;se;jz;L vd;gpypUe;J NtWgLj;j cjTfpd;w

gpujhd xU ,ay;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.

•fOj;J Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( ..............................................................................................

•neQ;riw Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( ..............................................................................................

•ehup Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( ..............................................................................................

2. (A) (i) Ngupuhr;rpak; ,A+fupahitr; Nru;e;j ,uhr;rpaq;fisg; ngaupLf.

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.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;l tpyq;Ff; fzq;fspy; KjyhtJ epuypy; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ay;Gfs;

fhzg;gl;lhy; nghUj;jkhd $l;bDs; (√) vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,ay;Gtpyq;F fzk;

rPnye;jpNuw;wh Mj;jpuNghlh mdyplh nekw;Nuhlh nkhy];fh

jiyahF nray;

Gwtd;$L

FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lk;

fhzg;glhjJ


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(iii) gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit.

A B

(a) A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis xd;wpypUe;J xd;W NtWgLj;jf;$ba ,uz;L Gwtpay;Gfisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................(b) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffs; vt;tpyq;Ff; fzj;;ijr; Nru;e;jit?

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fzj;jpDs; cs;slf;f cjtpa ,uz;L

Gwtpay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(B) (i) fzk; me;Njhigw;whthdJ fzk; irf;fhNlhigw;whittpl $u;g;gpy; Kd;Ndw;wfukhf

,Ug;gjw;F fhuzkhd ehd;F ,ay;Gfisj; Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) G+f;fspd; cUttpay; ,ay;Gfs; njhlu;ghf fPNo jug;gl;l gjq;fs; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ

vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) #yff; fPohd G+ ( ................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) my;ypNknyhl;ba Nfruk;( ................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) G+Tiw ( ................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Pogonatum, Selaginella, Nephrolepis, Cycas, Mangifera

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ,ay;GfSld; nghUe;jf;$ba jhtur; rhjpapid / rhjpfis Nkw;Fwpj;j gl;baypy;

,Ue;J njupTnra;J vOJf.

(a) ,UrTf;FKisfs; nfhz;l Mz;Gzupfs; fhzg;gly;. .....................................................

(b) Gzupj;jhtuq;fs; tpj;jpj;jhtu ,ioaq;fspdhy;

#og;gl;lit. ........................................................

(c) Xupy;y> xspj;jw;Nghriz nra;fpd;w Gzupj;jhtuq;fs;

fhzg;gly;. .....................................................

(d) Mz;Gzupfisf; flj;Jtjw;F kfue;jf;Foha;

tpUj;jpzile;J fhzg;gly;. ........................................................

(e) tpj;jpj;jhtuk;> Gzupj;jhtuk; ,uz;Lk; RahjPdkhdit>

jw;NghrizAilait ........................................................

(f) Xupdtpj;jpfs; fhzg;gly;. ....................................................

(C) (i) Ma;T$lj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w cgfuznkhd;W fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

(a)Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhz;f.

..............................................................................................................................................

(b)Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;jpid gad;gLj;Jtjd; Nehf;fk; ahJ?

..............................................................................................................................................

(c)Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpg; ngwg;gl;l juTfis cgNahfpj;J> fPNo jug;gl;l

,ilntspapy; tiunghd;iw tiuf.

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(ii) gpd;tUk; jhtu mq;fq;fspd; tsu;r;rpia mstplg; gad;gLj;Jk; gukhdq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) gok; ( .....................................................................................................................

(b) ,iy ( .....................................................................................................................

(iii) jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fis tpyq;F XNkhd;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jfpd;w ,uz;L


....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) gpd;tUk; njhopy;fisr; nra;Ak; jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jk; xt;nthd;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf. njhopy; jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jk; (a) cr;rpahl;rpia epNuhjpj;jy; .......................................................... (b) jz;bd; ePl;rpiaj; J}z;Ljy; .......................................................... (c) khwpioaj; njhopw;ghl;il epNuhjpj;jy; ..........................................................

(v) tptrhak;> g+q;fdpapay; Mfpatw;wpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w %d;W nraw;if jhtu tsu;r;rpg;

gjhu;j;jq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gpuNahfq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; gpuNahfq;fs; ................................................................ .......................................................... ................................................................ .......................................................... ................................................................ ..........................................................

3. (A) (i) FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpapd; mj;jpahtrpaf; $Wfisg; ngaupLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) kdpj ,jaj;jpd; neLf;Fntl;LKf tupg;glk; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

b

ax

c

y

d

e

(a) tupg;glj;jpy; (a) ,ypUe;J (e) tiuahd gFjpfisg; ngaupLf.

(a) - .............................................................

(b) - .............................................................

(c) - .............................................................

(d) - .............................................................

(e) - .............................................................

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(b) zzYZZ,d; Rtu;zzXZZ,d; Rtiutplj; jbg;ghf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzk; ahJ?

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................

(c) zzbZZ,zzdZZ Mfpatw;wpd; njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

b .......................................................................................................................................

d .......................................................................................................................................

(iii) ngUehsj;jpd; Clhf ,jaj;jpDs; nrd;w CO2 %yf;$W kdpjdpd; Rthr Nkw;gug;ig milAk;

tiu cs;s fl;likg;Gfisr; rupahd xOq;fpy; vOJf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) kdpjdpd; FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpf;Fk; epzePu; njhFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,uz;L fl;likg;G

NtWghLfis vOJf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(v) kdpjdpd; epzePu; njhFjpapd; ,uz;L gpujhd fyd;fisg; ngaupLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(vi) epzePupd; cw;gj;jp ahJ?

....................................................................................................................................................

(B) (i) clypd; mfr;#oy; vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) kdpj clypd; mfr;#oypy; cs;s fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glNtz;ba Kf;fpa fhuzpfisg; ngaupLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

(iii) kdpjdpy; FUjpapd; FSf;NfhR kl;lj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; XNkhd;fs; ahit?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) kdpjdpy; gpurhuzr; rPuhf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w gpujhd fhuzpfisg; ngaupLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(v) kdpj clypy; cs;s gpujhd gpurhuz rPuhf;f mq;fj;ijg; ngaupLf.

...............................................................................................................................................

(vi) kdpjdpd; gpurhuzr; rPuhf;fypy; Neubahf <LgLk; ,uz;L XNkhd;fisg; ngaupLf.

...............................................................................................................................................

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(vii) (a) NkNy (vi) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l XNkhd;fs; Ruf;fpd;w ];jhdj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; jhf;f

];jhdj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

XNkhd; Ruf;Fk; ];jhdk; jhf;f ];jhdk;

• ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................

• ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................

(b) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l XNkhd;fspd; Ruj;jy; vt;thW J}z;lg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(C) (i) jhtuq;fspd; cupa ,ioaj;jpd; Clhff; flj;jg;gLfpd;w ,uz;L Nrjdf; $WfisAk; ,uz;L

mNrjdf; $WfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

Nrjdf; $Wfs; mNrjdf; $Wfs;

................................................................ ..........................................................

................................................................ ..........................................................

(ii) cupaj;jpd; Clhd nfhz;Lnry;yypd; ehd;F tpNrl ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(iii) jhtuq;fshy; thAepiyapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w Nghriz %yfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) kz;zpy; cs;s iejurd; fpilg;gij mjpfupf;ff;$ba %d;W ,aw;if nrad;Kiwfisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(v) iej;jpNww;Wfis thAepiy iejurdhf khw;wf;$ba ,urhadj; jw;Nghriz mq;fp ,dk;

xd;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. (A) (i) ntspapypUe;J cs;shf G+kpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gilfis xOq;FKiwapy; ngaupLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) (a) ntg;gepiyapd; mbg;gilapy; tspkz;lyj;jpd; gpujhd gilfis fPopUe;J Nkyhfg;

ngaupLf.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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(b) NkNy (a) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l gilfSs; XNrhd;gil fhzg;gLfpd;w gilapidg; ngaupLf.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU tsj;ijAk; khRg;gLj;Jfpd;w ,uz;L khrhf;fp %yq;fisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) rKj;jpuk; ( .....................................................................................................................

(b) tsp ( .....................................................................................................................

(c) kz;; ( ....................................................................................................................

(iv) kpjkpQ;rpa grisg; gad;ghl;bdhy; ePu;epiyfspy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(v) 'tsp khriljy;" vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(vi) gpd;tUk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfspw;F nghWg;ghd tsp khrhf;fp xd;wpidg; ngaupLf.

(a) xspapurhadj; J}kj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jjy;.

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) FUjpapd; xl;rprd; fhTk; jpwd; Fiwtiljy;.

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Rthrg;ig rpWFoha; mow;rpAk; vk;igrPkhTk;.

..............................................................................................................................................

(B) (i) (a) capu;g;gy;tifik vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) capu;g;gy;tifikapd; %d;W mbg;gil $Wfisg; ngaupLf.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) capu;g;gy;tifikf; fhg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) gpd;tUk; xt;nthU re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; gpujhdkhd capu;g;gy;tifikf; fhg;G

Kiwapidg; ngaupLf.

(a) ,dq;fis kPsg;GFj;jy; (.........................................................................................

(b) guk;giu myF fstq;fpfis guhkupj;jy;( ..................................................................

(c) ghuk;gupa tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs;(.........................................................................................

(iii) capu;g;gy;tifikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ru;tNjr rkthaq;fisg; ngaupl;L> mit

xt;nthd;wpdJk; jpl;lkhd Fwpf;Nfhisg; ngaupLf.

rkthak; Fwpf;Nfhs;

................................................................ ..........................................................

................................................................ ..........................................................

(C) (i) Ez;zq;fpfshy; czT gOjiljy; vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

(ii) rikf;fhj kPd; Ez;zq;fpfshy; ,yFtpy; gOjiltjw;fhd fhuzq;fisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(iii) kPd; gOjiljiy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w Ez;zq;fpf; $l;lk; ahJ?

....................................................................................................................................................

(iv) kPd; gOjiljypy; eilngWfpd;w ,urhad jhf;fj;jpid RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

(v) kPd; czTfisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w %d;W nghJthd Kiwfisg; ngaupl;L>

xt;nthU KiwapYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; jj;Jtk; / jj;Jtq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

Kiw jj;Jtk; / jj;Jtq;fs;

................................................................ ..........................................................

................................................................ ..........................................................

................................................................ ..........................................................

**


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B gFjp - fl;Liu tif

* ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tpil vOJf.

* Njitahd ,lj;jpy; ngauplg;gl;l tupg;glq;fis tiuf.

(xt;nthU tpdhtpd; tpilf;Fk; 15 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;gLk;.)

5. xspj;njhFg;gpy; gr;iraTUkzpapd; gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff.

6. (a) kdpj <uypd; miktplj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(b) <uypd; nkhj;jf; fl;likg;igAk; ,ioaikg;igAk; tpgupf;Ff.

(c) mfr;#oypd; ,urhad mikg;G> ngsjpfj; jd;ik Mfpatw;iwr; rPuhf;Ftjpy; <uypd; gq;fspg;ig

tpgupf;Ff.

7. (a) jhtuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpg; gpuNjrq;fspd; guTiff;Nfw;g gpupapioaq;fspd; gpujhd tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; miktplk;> njhopy; Mfpatw;iw tpgupf;Ff.

(b) ,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;by; Jizg;gpupapioaq;fspd; gq;fspg;gpid tpgupf;Ff.

8. (a) capupfspd; njhlu;r;rp> $u;g;G Mfpa nrad;Kiwfspy; ,ioAUg;gpupT> xLf;fw;gpupT Mfpatw;wpd;

gq;fspg;ig tpsf;Ff.

(b) capupdf;$u;g;gpy; ,aw;ifj; Nju;T vt;thW gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

9. gpd;tUk; nrad;Kiwfspy; Ez;zq;fpfspd; gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff.

(a) tpdhfpup cw;gj;jp.

(b) $l;nlU jahupg;G. (c) ePu;Kiwaupj;jy; %yk; cNyhfg; gpupj;njLg;G.

(d) ehu; cw;gj;jp.

10. gpd;tUtd gw;wp rpWFwpg;G vOJf.

(a) %isj;jz;L.

(b) ePu;; mOj;j vz;zf;fU.

(c) epw%u;j;j tpfhuk;.

***

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capupay; - tpdhj;jhs; I tpilfSf;fhd topfhl;b

tpdh

,y.tpil ,y.

tpdh

,y.

tpil

,y.

(1) 3 (26) 3

(2) 2 (27) 3

(3) 3 (28) 3

(4) 5 (29) 2

(5) 3 (30) 4

(6) 3 (31) 1

(7) 2 (32) 5

(8) 4 (33) 4

(9) 1 (34) 5

(10) 4 (35) 3

(11) 5 (36) 1

(12) 1 (37) 4

(13) 2 (38) 2

(14) 5 (39) 4

(15) 4 (40) 2

(16) 5 (41) 2

(17) 3 (42) 4

(18) 4 (43) 4

(19) 5 (44) 1

(20) 1 (45) 2

(21) 3 (46) 3

(22) 2 (47) 5

(23) 1 (48) 2

(24) 4 (49) 4

(25) 5 (50) 1

(01 Gs;sp tPjk; nkhj;jk; 50 Gs;spfs; ) [ gf;. 2 Ig; ghu;f;f.

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1. (A) (i) capu;f;fyq;fspd; mDNrgr; nraw;ghLfSf;F rf;jpia toq;Ffpd;w gpujhd

epA+f;fpspNahiul;bidg; ngaupLf.

ATP / mbNdhrpd; iw ngh];Ngw;

(ii) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l epA+f;fpspNahiul;bd; gpujhd Mf;ff;$w;W %yf;$Wfisg; ngaupLf.

iwNgh]; nty;yk;> mbdPd; %yk;> ngh];Ngw; $l;lk;

(iii) NkNy (A) (i) ,y; Fwpg;gl;l Nru;it mjd; njhopw;ghl;bw;Fg; nghUj;jkhf ,Ug;gjw;fhd

gpujhd fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,yFtpy; gFg;gilaf; $ba cau; rf;jp ngh];Ngw;W ,izg;igf; nfhz;bUj;jy;

(iv) fyg;gpuptpy; DNA ,d; Rajw;gfu;g;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

kfl;fyq;fspy; jd;idnahj;j DNA gpujpfisg; ngWjy;

(v) DNA apd; Rajw;gfu;g;gpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; ,uz;L gpujhd nehjpaq;fisg; ngaupl;L>

mtw;wpd; jdpj;Jtkhd njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

nehjpak; njhopy;

• DNA n`ypNf]; Ijurd; gpizg;Gf;fis cilg;gjd;

%yk; DNA apd; ,Ugl;biffisAk;

Ntwhf;fy;

• DNA nghypkNu]; epA+f;fpspNahiul;Lf;fis ,izg;gjd;

%yk; Gjpa rq;fpypfisj; njhFj;jy;

(vi) kPsr;Nru;jy; DNA %yf;$W vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

NtWgl;l ,dq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l DNA f;fis ,izj;J jdp myfhfr; nraw;glf;$ba

xU DNA %yf;$w;iw cUthf;fy;.

(vii) kUj;Jtj;jpy; kPsr;Nru;jy; DNA njhopDl;gj;jpd; %d;W gpuNahfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• kdpj ,d;Rypd; / tsu;r;rp XNkhid cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

• nfg;giuup]; B clnyjpupahf;fpia cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

• FUjp ciwjy; fhuzpia cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

• ,d;ungNuhid cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

(viii)DNA kPsr;Nru;jy; njhopDl;gr; nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; xt;nthU njhopypw;Fkhd nehjpak;

xd;iwg; ngaupLf.

njhopy; nehjpak;

DNA I rpwg;Gjhdq;fspy; Jz;lhf;fy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l mf epA+fpspNa];

DNA Jz;Lfis ,izj;jy; DNA ypNf];


capupay;

tpilfSf;fhd topfhl;b

gFjp A - mikg;Gf;fl;Liu

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(B) (i) gpd;tUk; xt;nthU njhopypYk; <LgLfpd;w fyf; fl;likg;G xd;iwg; ngaupLf.

njhopy; fl;likg;G

a. nkd;rt;tpd; ngh];Nghypg;gpl;Lf;fspd;; njhFg;G mOj;jkw;w mfKjYUr;rpWtiy

b' FopaTUr; Rw;Nwhl;lk; Fopatd;$L

c' ,iwNghNrhrk;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy; fU / Gd;fU

d' fyq;fSf;fpilapyhd xOFjiyj; jLj;jy; neUf;fkhd rf;jp

(ii) (a) \jirg;ghj;J| vd;why; vd;d?

tupj; jirapd; jirr;rpWehupd; ,U mLj;Js;s 'Z" NfhLfSf;fpilg;gl;l tupj;jirapd;

jirr;RUf;fj;jpd; njhopw;ghl;L myF.

(b) jirg;ghj;Jf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;w jir tiffisg; ngaupLf.

• ,jaj; jir

• td;$l;Lj; jir

(iii) NkNy (ii) (b) ,y; ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l jir tiffSf;fpilapyhd ,uz;L clw;nwhopypay;


• ,jaj;jir jirg;gpwg;gpw;FupaJ> td;$l;Lj;jir euk;Gg;gpwg;gpw;FupaJ.

• ,jajir ,r;irapd;wpait td;$l;Lj;jir ,r;irtopahdit.

• ,jajir fisg;giltjpy;iy td;$l;Lj; jir ,yFtpy; fisg;gilAk;.

• ,jaj;jir re;jkhd RUf;fj;ijf; fhz;gpf;Fk;. Mdhy; td;$l;Lj; jir fhz;gpg;gjpy;iy.

(iv) tOf;Fk; ,iof; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; jirr; RUf;fj;jpd;NghJ jirg;ghj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

ehd;F khw;wq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• I gl;bifapd; tyaj;jpd; ePsk; FiwAk;.

• H gl;bif tyaj;jpd; ePsk; FiwAk;.

• mf;upd; ,iofs; kNahrpd; ,iofs; kPJ tOf;Fk;.

• ,uz;L Z NfhLfSf;fpilg;gl;l ePsk; FiwAk;. / Z NfhLfs; neUf;fkhFk;.

(v) jhtuq;fspy; nghwpKiw Mjhuj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhd ,ioaq;fisg; ngaupl;L> mt; xt;nthU

,ioaKk; vt;thW cupa njhopYf;nfd rpwj;jyile;Js;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,ioak; rpwj;jyile;Js;s tpjk;

• xl;Lf;fytpioak; fyj;jpd; fyr;Rtu; %iyfs; Nkyjpf

nrYNyhrpdhy; jbg;gile;Js;sd.

• ty;YUf;fytpioak; fyr;Rtu; ,ypf;dpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

• fho; ,ioak; fyr;Rtu; ,ypf;dpNdw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(vi) NkNy (v) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ioaq;fSs; rpf;fyhd ,ioak; vJ?

fho;

(vii) NkNy (vi) ,y; Fwpg;gl;l ,ioaj;jpd;> nghwpKiw Mjhuk; jtpu;e;j NtW ,uz;L

njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• ePiuf; flj;Jjy;.

• fdpAg;Gf;fisf; flj;Jjy;.

• jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fisf; flj;Jjy; / irw;Nuhifdpd;> mg;rprpf;fkpyk;.


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(C) (i) kdpjdpd; td;$l;Lj; njhFjpapd; gpujhd njhopy;fs; ahit?

• Mjhukspj;jy;

• mirTfs;

• ghJfhg;G

• fy;rpaj;ij Nrkpj;jYk; tpLtpj;jYk;

• ngh];guir Nrkpj;jYk; tpLtpj;jYk;

• FUjpf; fyq;fspd; cw;gj;jp

(ii) kdpj Ks;se;jz;Lf; fk;gj;jpy; Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfs; ,ize;J cUthd vd;Gfisg; ngaupl;L>

mit xt;nthd;wpYk; cs;s ,ize;j Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpg;gpLf.

vd;G Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if

• jpUntd;G 5

• FapyyF vd;G 4

(iii) epkpu;e;j Njhw;w epiyf;F gq;fspf;Fk; kdpjdpd; Ks;se;jz;Lf; fk;gj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,uz;L

,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

Ks;se;jz;Lf;fk;gj;jpy; ehd;F tisTfs; fhzg;gLjy;

fPo;Nehf;fp nry;Yk;NghJ gbg;gbahf Ks;se;jz;nld;gpil tl;lj;jl;bd; jbg;G mjpfupj;jy; /

Ks;se;jz;nld;gpd; ikaj;jpapd; msT mjpfupj;jy;.

(iv) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Ks;se;jz;nld;Gfis khjpup Ks;se;jz;L vd;gpypUe;J NtWgLj;j cjTfpd;w

gpujhd xU ,ay;igf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• fOj;J Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( Ks;se;jz;L ehb nry;tjw;F Ks;nsd;G ehbf;fhd;

fhzg;gly;

• neQ;riw Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( tpyh vd;Gfs; nghUe;Jtjw;fhd Kfg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gly;

/ gpd;Ndhf;fp tise;j ePz;l euk;G Ks; fhzg;gly;.

• ,Lg;G Ks;se;jz;nld;G ( euk;G Ks; ehw;Nfhz tbthdJ.

2. (A) (i) Ngupuhr;rpak; ,A+fupahitr; Nru;e;j ,uhr;rpaq;fisg; ngaupLf.

Gnuhup];uh

gq;f];

gpshd;Nu (jhtu ,uhr;rpak;)

mdpkhypah (tpyq;F ,uhr;rpak;)

(ii) ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;l tpyq;Ff; fzq;fspy; KjyhtJ epuypy; Fwpg;gpl;l ,ay;Gfs;

fhzg;gl;lhy; nghUj;jkhd $l;bDs; (√) vdf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,ay;Gtpyq;F fzk;

rPnye;jpNuw;wh Mj;jpuNghlh mdyplh nekw;Nuhlh nkhy];fh

jiyahF nray; √ √ √

Gwtd;$L √ √ √

FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lk;

fhzg;glhJ√ √


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(iii) gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit.

A B

(a) A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis xd;wpypUe;J xd;W NtWgLj;jf;$ba ,uz;L Gwtpay;Gfisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

• A apy; ikaj;jl;bypUe;J njspthf NtWgLj;jg;gl;l Gaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Mdhy; B apy; mt;thwpy;iy.

• A apy; Fjk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ Mdhy; B apy; fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

• A apy; Foha; ghjj;jpy; cWQ;rpfs; fhzg;gLtjpy;iiy.

B apy; Foha ghjj;jpy; cWQ;rpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

(b) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffs; vt;tpyq;Ff; fzj;;ijr; Nru;e;jit?

• vf;ifNdhNlNkw;wh

(c) A, B Mfpa tpyq;Ffis NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fzj;jpDs; cs;slf;f cjtpa ,uz;L

Gwtpay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• Ie;jhiur; rkr;rPu;

• Foha; ghjq;fs; fhzg;gly;

• FUg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gly;.

• jha;fw;wfL fhzg;gly;.

(B) (i) fzk; me;Njhigw;whthdJ fzk; irf;fhNlhigw;whittpl $u;g;gpy; Kd;Ndw;wfukhf

,Ug;gjw;F fhuzkhd ehd;F ,ay;Gfisj; Fwpg;gpLf.

• tpj;Jf;fs; goj;jpDs; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

• ,dg;ngUf;f mq;fkhf G+f;fs; fhzg;gly;.

• fhopy; Foha;fs; cupaj;jpy; nea;aup Foha;fs;> Njhoikf; fyq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• mirAk; jd;ikaw;w Mz; Gdupfs; / Mz; Gzupfisf; flj;j tpUj;jpaile;j kfue;jf;

Foha;fs; fhzg;gly;. / Gzupfspd; fUf;fl;lYf;F GeePu; mtrpakpy;iy.

• ,ul;ilf; fUf;fl;ly; fhuzkhf Kk;kba tpj;jf tpioak; cUthf;fg;gly;.

(ii) G+f;fspd; cUttpay; ,ay;Gfs; njhlu;ghf fPNo jug;gl;l gjq;fs; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ vdf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) #yff; fPohd G+ ( G+tpy; #ykhdJ Vida G+tpd; gFjpfSf;F Nkyhff;

fhzg;gLk;.

(b) my;ypNknyhl;ba Nfruk; ( Nfruq;fs; my;ypNky; xl;baJ.

(c) G+Tiw ( G+tpd; ntspg;gFjpapy; cs;s kylhd gFjpfshd

my;yp> Gy;yp vd;gd xd;wpypUe;J xd;W NtWgLj;jg;glhjit.


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(iii) Pogonatum, Selaginella, Nephrolepis, Cycas, Mangifera

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ,ay;GfSld; nghUe;jf;$ba jhtur; rhjpapid / rhjpfis Nkw;Fwpj;j gl;baypy; ,Ue;J njupTnra;J vOJf.

(a) ,UrTf;FKisfs; nfhz;l Mz;Gzupfs; fhzg;gly;. Pogonatum, Selaginella

(b) Gzupj;jhtuq;fs; tpj;jpj;jhtu ,ioaq;fspdhy;

#og;gl;lit. Cycas, Mangifera,

(c) Xupy;y> xspj;jw;Nghriz nra;fpd;w Gzupj;jhtuq;fs;

fhzg;gly;. Nephrolepis

(d) Mz;Gzupfisf; flj;Jtjw;F kfue;jf;Foha;

tpUj;jpzile;J fhzg;gly;. Mangifera

(e) tpj;jpj;jhtuk;> Gzupj;jhtuk; ,uz;Lk; RahjPdkhdit>

jw;NghrizAilait Nephrolepis

(f) Xupdtpj;jpfs; fhzg;gly;. Pogonatum, Nepholepis

(C) (i) Ma;T$lj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w cgfuznkhd;W fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

(a) Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhz;f.

tsu;r;rp khdp (xf;rNdh kPw;wu;)

(b) Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;jpid gad;gLj;Jtjd; Nehf;fk; ahJ?

mq;Fuj;jpd; mjpfupf;fpd;w cauk; / ePsj;ij msg;gjd; %yk; jhtuj;jpd; tsu;r;rpia

mwpjy;.

(c) Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpg; ngwg;gl;l juTfis cgNahfpj;J> fPNo jug;gl;l

,ilntspapy; tiunghd;iw tiuf.

tsu;r;rp

Neuk;


,uz;L mr;Rf;fisAk; ngauply;tiugpd; cUtk; } 2 × 2

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(ii) gpd;tUk; jhtu mq;fq;fspd; tsu;r;rpia mstplg; gad;gLj;Jk; gukhdq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) gok; ( fdtsT mjpfupj;jy;

(b) ,iy ( Nkw;gug;G mjpfupj;jy;

(iii) jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fis tpyq;F XNkhd;fspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jfpd;w ,uz;L


• jhtu tsu;r;rp gjhu;j;jq;fs; tpNrl Rug;gpfshy; Ruf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. tpyq;F XNkhd;fs;

mfQ;lRuf;Fk; Rug;gpfshy; Ruf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

• jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; fho;> cupak;> Gilf;fytpioak; Clhff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpyq;F XNkhd;fs; FUjpapd; Clhff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

(iv) gpd;tUk; njhopy;fisr; nra;Ak; jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jk; xt;nthd;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.

njhopy; jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jk;

(a) cr;rpahl;rpia epNuhjpj;jy; irw;Nuifdps;

(b) jz;bd; ePl;rpia J}z;Ljy; [pgwypd; / vjpyPd;

(c) khwpioaj; njhopw;ghl;il epNuhjpj;jy; mg;rprpf;fkpyk;

(v) tptrhak;> g+q;fdpapay; Mfpatw;wpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w %d;W nraw;if jhtu tsu;r;rpg;

gjhu;j;jq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gpuNahfq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;j;jq;fs; gpuNahfq;fs;

IBA jhtuj;Jz;lq;fspd; Ntu; Kisj;jiyj;

J}z;ly;> fd;dpf;fdpakhjiyj; J}z;ly;.

24D/MCPA fisnfhy;yp

[pgwypd; tpj;JKisj;jiyj; J}z;Ljy; / jz;L ePl;rpia

J}z;Ljy;

vjpypd; goq;fs; gOj;jiyj; J}z;Ljy;.


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3. (A) (i) FUjpr;Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpapd; mj;jpahtrpaf; $Wfisg; ngaupLf.

• ,jak; / FUjpiar; nrYj;Jk; cgfuzk;

• FUjp fyd;fs;

• Rw;Nwhl;l jputk;

(ii) kdpj ,jaj;jpd; neLf;Fntl;LKf tupg;glk; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

b

ax

c

y

d

e

(a) tupg;glj;jpy; (a) ,ypUe;J (e) tiuahd gFjpfisg; ngaupLf.

(a) - Rthrehsk; jpwg;gjw;fhd Jthuk;

(b) - ,ja ehz;

(c) - ,jatiwapil gpupRtu;

(d) - Kf;$u; thy;T / tyJ Nrhizaiw ,jatiw thy;T

(e) - Kw;ngU ehsk; jpwg;gjw;fhd Jthuk;

(b) zzYZZ,d; Rtu; zzXZZ,d; Rtiutplj; jbg;ghf ,Ug;gjd; fhuzk; ahJ?

Y MdJ cly; KOtJk; FUjpiar; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd tpiria toq;fNtz;b

,Uf;fpd;wJ. mNj Neuk; X MdJ FUjpia ,jatiwfSf;F khj;jpuk;

nrYj;Jtjw;fhd tpiria toq;Ffpd;wJ. vdNt ,jw;F xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; Fiwe;j tpir

NghJkhdJ.

(c) zzbZZ, zzdZZ Mfpatw;wpd; njhopy;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

b - ,jatiwfspd; RUf;fj;jpy; Nrhidaiw ,jatiw thy;Tfs; cs;Nehf;fp

tisjiyj; jLf;Fk;.

d - tyJ ,jatiwf; FUjp kPs tyJ NrhizaiwfspDs; nry;tijj; jLf;Fk;.

(iii)ngUehsj;jpd; Clhf ,jaj;jpDs; nrd;w CO2 %yf;$W kdpjdpd; Rthr Nkw;gug;ig milAk;

tiu cs;s fl;likg;Gfisr; rupahd xOq;fpy; vOJf.

tyJ Nrhizaiw tyJ ,jatiw

rpw;wiw Rthrg;ig Rthrg; ngUehb

(iv) kdpjdpd; FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpf;Fk; epzePu; njhFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ,uz;L fl;likg;G

NtWghLfis vOJf.

• FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjpapy; ,jak; fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; epzePu;j; njhFjpapy; ,jak;

fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

• FUjpkapu;f; Foha;fs; ,UKidfspYk; jpwe;jjhff; fhzg;gLk;. epzePu; kapu;f;

Foha;fs; xU Kidapy; %bajhff; fhzg;gLk;.

• FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lj; njhFjp ehb>ehsq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. epzePu;j; njhFjpapy;

mit fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.


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(v) kdpjdpd; epzePu; njhFjpapd; ,uz;L gpujhd fyd;fisg; ngaupLf.

• tyJ epzePu;f; fhd;

• neQ;riwf; fhd;

(vi) epzePupd; cw;gj;jp ahJ?

• ,ioag; gha;nghUs;

(B) (i) clypd; mfr;#oy; vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

fyj;jpw;F kpf mUfhf mjidr; #oTs;s> mit tho;tjw;fhd Clfj;ij toq;Fgit.

(ii) kdpj clypd; mfr;#oypy; cs;s fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glNtz;ba Kf;fpa fhuzpfisg; ngaupLf.

• ,urhadg; gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nrwpT / cjhuzk; FSf;Nfh];> mad;

• ePu;> fiuaq;fspd; nrwpit rPuhf;fy;

• cly; ntg;gepiy

(iii) kdpjdpy; FUjpapd; FSf;NfhR kl;lj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; XNkhd;fs; ahit?

mjpupdypd;> FSf;fhNfhd;

ijnuhf;rpd;> Nfhl;bNrhy;

(iv) kdpjdpy; gpurhuzr; rPuhf;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;w gpujhd fhuzpfisg; ngaupLf.

• ePupd; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

• clypdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w> ,of;fpd;w cg;gpf; msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

(v) kdpj clypy; cs;s gpujhd gpurhuz rPuhf;f mq;fj;ijg; ngaupLf.

• rpWePufk;

(vi) kdpjdpd; gpurhuzr; rPuhf;fypy; Neubahf <LgLk; ,uz;L XNkhd;fisg; ngaupLf.

• ADH

• my;nlh];nuwhd;

(vii) (a) NkNy (vi) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l XNkhd;fs; Ruf;fpd;w ];jhdj;ijAk; mtw;wpd; jhf;f

];jhdj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

XNkhd; Ruf;Fk; ];jhdk; jhf;f ];jhdk;

• ADH fgr;Rug;gpapd; gpw;gf;fr; Nrhid Nra;ikahd kbg;gile;j

rpWFoha; Nru;f;Fk; fhd;

• my;nlhnuNwhd; mjpupdy; Nkw;gl;il Nra;ikahd kbg;gile;j

rpWFoha;

(b) NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l XNkhd;fspd; Ruj;jy; vt;thW J}z;lg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• ADH - FUjpapd; gpurhud mKf;fk; mjpfupj;jy;

• my;nlh];nuNwhd; - FUjpaKf;fk; my;yJ fdtsT Fiwjy; / Nrhbak; mad;fspd;

nrwpT Fiwjy;.


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(C) (i) jhtuq;fspd; cupa ,ioaj;jpd; Clhff; flj;jg;gLfpd;w ,uz;L Nrjdf; $WfisAk; ,uz;L

mNrjdf; $WfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

Nrjdf; $Wfs; mNrjd $Wfs;

• Rf;FNuuh]; • ePu;

• jhtu tsu;r;rpg; gjhu;;j;jk;

• mkpNdhtkpyk; / tpw;wkpd; • K+ , PO4-3

(ii) cupaj;jpd; Clhd nfhz;Lnry;yypd; ehd;F tpNrl ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• ,U jpirfspYk; eilngWk;

• nfhz;L nry;yy; ePu;epiyapay; mKf;fj;Jld; eilngWfpwJ.

• nfhz;L nry;yy; tPjk; mjpfkhdJ.

• nfhz;L nry;yy; J}uk; kpf mjpfkhdJ / nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLk;.

gjhu;j;jj;jpd; / msT mjpfkhdJ.

(iii) jhtuq;fshy; thAepiyapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w Nghriz %yfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• fhgd;

• xl;rprd;

(iv) kz;zpy; cs;s iejurd; fpilg;gij mjpfupf;ff;$ba %d;W ,aw;if nrad;Kiwfisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

• capupaYf;Fupa iejurd; gjpj;jy;.

• kpd;dy;.

• iej;jpNuw;whf;fk;.

(v) iej;jpNww;Wfis thAepiy iejurdhf khw;wf;$ba ,urhadj; jw;Nghriz mq;fp ,dk;

xd;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

Thiobacillus denitrificans

4. (A) (i) ntspapypUe;J cs;shf G+kpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gilfis xOq;FKiwapy; ngaupLf.

GtpNahL> nkd;%b> mfzp

(ii) (a) ntg;gepiyapd; mbg;gilapy; tspkz;lyj;jpd; gpujhd gilfis fPopUe;J Nkyhfg;

ngaupLf.

khwd; kz;lyk; gil kz;lyk;> ,ilkz;lyk;> ntg;g kz;lyk;

(b) NkNy (a) ,y; Fwpg;gpl;l gilfSs; XNrhd;gil fhzg;gLfpd;w gilapidg; ngaupLf.

gilkz;lyk;

(iii) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU tsj;ijAk; khRg;gLj;Jfpd;w ,uz;L khrhf;fp %yq;fisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

(a) rKj;jpuk; ( ifj;njhopy; fopTfs;> Fg;igfs;> vz;nza; khRf;fs;

(b) tsp ( capu;r;RtL vupnghUl;gspd; jfdk; / Nkhl;lhu; thfd Gif /

Fsp&l;bfs; / Fspu;g;gjdhf;fpfs; / VNwhNrhy; cs;s tPR fUtpfs; / rpW

jptiyfshf mOj;jj;Jld; jputj;ij ntspNaw;Wk; ghj;jpuk;.

(c) kz;;/ epyk; ( gris Nghd;w tptrha ,urhadq;fs; / jpz;kf;fopTfs; / ifj;njhopy;

fopTfs; / fjpupapaf;f fopTfs;


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(iv) kpjkpQ;rpa grisg; gad;ghl;bdhy; ePu;epiyfspy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

• NO-3 , PO

4

-3 msT mjpfupj;jyhy;.

• raNdh gf;uPahf;fs;> my;f;fhf;fspd; tsu;r;rp mjpfupj;jy; / my;fhf;fs; ePu; Nkw;gug;ig

%b gilfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.

• ePu; epiyfspy; ,utpy; xl;rprdpd; nrwpT Fiwjy; / capupay; xl;rprd; Njit (BOD)

mjpfupf;Fk;.

• kPd;fs; ,wf;Fk; / ePu;tho; capupfs; ,wf;Fk;.

• ,we;j cly;fspy; gw;wPupahf;fspd; tsu;r;rp mjpfupf;Fk; / fhw;wpd;wpa cf;fyhf;fk;.

• jfhj kzKs;s thAf;fspd; ntspNaw;wk; / Ijurd; ry;igl;> mNkhdpahf;fspd;

ntspNaw;wk; / ntWg;ghd kzk; ntspNaw;wy;.

(v) 'tsp khriljy;" vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l msthd gjhu;j;jk; my;yJ rf;jp tpLtpf;fpd;wikahy;

tspapd; juj;jpid ghjpj;jYk; ,jdhy; ,ay;ghd rkepiyahd njhopw;ghLfs; jLf;fg;glYk;

tpUk;gj;jfhj Rw;whly; tpisTfSk; Rfeyg; gpur;rpidfSk; cUthjy; MFk;.

(vi) gpd;tUk; tpUk;gj;jfhj tpisTfspw;F nghWg;ghd tsp khrhf;fp xd;wpidg; ngaupLf.

(a) xspapurhadj; J}kj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jjy;.

iejurd; xl;irl;Lf;fs;> IjNuhf;fhgd;fs;

(b) FUjpapd; xl;rprd; fhTk; jpwd; Fiwtiljy;.

fhgNdhnuhl;irl; / iejurd; xl;irl;Lf;fs;

(c) Rthrg;ig rpWFoha; mow;rpAk; vk;igrPkhTk;.

fe;jftPnuhl;irl;

(B) (i) (a) capu;g;gy;tifik vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

jiu rKj;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w ePu; #ow; njhFjpfs; tsp Nghd;w midj;J %yq;fspYk;

fhzf;$ba gy;NtWgl;l vy;yh capu; mq;fpfisAk; mit thOk; #oy; njhFjp

rpf;fy;fNs capu;gy;tifik MFk;.

(b) capu;g;gy;tifikapd; %d;W mbg;gil $Wfisg; ngaupLf.

• gpwg;Gupik gy;tifik

• ,dg; gy;tifik

• #ow;nwhFjp gy;tifik

(c) capu;g;gy;tifikf; fhg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ?

• ,ad;wsT mjpf ,dq;fis ePz;l fhyk; epiyj;jpUg;gij cWjpnra;jy;.

• moptiltjw;fhd Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s ,dq;fis tpNrlkhfg; ghJfhj;jy;.

(ii) gpd;tUk; xt;nthU re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; gpujhdkhd capu;g;gy;tifikf; fhg;G

Kiwapidg; ngaupLf.

(a) ,dq;fis kPsg;GFj;jy; ( cs;epiyf; ghg;G

(b) guk;giu myF fstq;fpfis guhkupj;jy; ( ntsp epiyf; fhg;G

(c) ghuk;gupa tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; ( cs;epiyf; fhg;G


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(iii) capu;g;gy;tifikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ru;tNjr rkthaq;fisg; ngaupl;L> mit

xt;nthd;wpdJk; jpl;lkhd Fwpf;Nfhisg; ngaupLf.

rkthak; Fwpf;Nfhs;

RAMSAR ru;tNjr Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j <u epyq;fs;

CITES td jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffspd; epyTifia

mr;RWj;jhky; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;ijf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

capy;g;gy;tifik rkthak; capu;g;gy;tifikiajf; fhg;Gr; nra;jy;.

capu;g; gy;tifikapd; $Wfspd; ePbj;J

epiyngWk;. ghuk;gupa tsq;fspy; ,Ue;J

fpilf;Fk; KiwapYk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sy;.

(C) (i) Ez;zq;fpfshy; czT gOjiljy; vd;gjhy; fUjg;gLtJ ahJ?

cztpy; Ez;zq;fpfspd; tsu;r;rpapdhy; mt; cztpy; ,urhad> ngsjPf> capupay;

khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L mJ kdpj Efu;tpw;F jFjpaw;wjhfpd;wJ.

(ii) rikf;fhj kPd; Ez;zq;fpfshy; ,yFtpy; gOjiltjw;fhd fhuzq;fisf;

Fwpg;gpLf.

• kPdpy; gw;wPupah tsu;r;rpf;F nghUj;jkhd rpwg;G pH fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• mjpf <uypg;G gw;wPupahtpd; tsu;r;rpia rhjfkhf;fpd;wJ.

• Ez;zq;fpfspd; tsu;r;rpf;F ey;y Nghriz %ykhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

• Ez;zq;fpfs; cl;GFtijj; jLg;gjw;fhd ,aw;ifahd jLg;G fhzg;glhik.

(iii) kPd; gOjiljiy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w Ez;zq;fpf; $l;lk; ahJ?

gw;wPupah

(iv) kPd; gOjiljypy; eilngWfpd;w ,urhad jhf;fj;jpid RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.

• mOfy;

• Guj czT

Gujg; gFg;G

Ez;zq;fpfs; mkpNdhtkpyk; + H

2S + mkPd;fs; + mNkhdpah

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(v) kPd; czTfisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w %d;W nghJthd Kiwfisg; ngaupl;L>

xt;nthU KiwapYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; jj;Jtk; / jj;Jtq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

Kiw jj;Jtk; / jj;Jtq;fs;

jfuj;jpyilj;jy; Ez;zq;fpfs; cztpDs; nry;tijj;

jLjjy; / Ez;zq;fspd; midj;J

epiyfisAk; mopj;jy; / Ez;zq;fpfspd;

tsu;r;rpr; nraw;ghl;ilj; jLj;jy;.

cyu;j;Jjy; / #upa xspapy; cyu;j;jy; / Ez;zq;fpfspd; tsu;r;rp>

GifA+l;ly; / cg;gpl;L cyu;jjy; njhopw;ghl;ilj; jil nra;jy;.

jho; ntg;gepiy ew;fhg;G Ez;zq;fpfspd; tsu;r;rp> njhopw;ghl;ilj;

(Fsp&l;ly;) jil nra;jy;.

* *

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B gFjp - fl;Liu tiftpilfSf;fhd topfhl;b

5. xspj;njhFg;gpy; gr;iraTUkzpapd; gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff.

1. gr;iraTUkzpapy; xspj;njhFg;G ,uz;L gbepiyfspy; eilngWfpd;wJ.

2. xspj;jhf;fk;

3. ,Us; epiyj;jhf;fk; / nfy;tpd; tl;lk;

4. xspj;jhf;fk; - xspAs;sNghJ japNyhf;nfhapl; nkd;rt;TfspYk; kzpAU

,ilnkd;wl;Lf;fspYk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

5. ,Us;epiyj;jhf;fk; - xspapy; jq;fpauhjJ. gr;iraTUkzpapd; gQ;rizapy;

eilngWfpd;wJ.

xspj;jhf;fj;jpy; :

6. xspj;njhFjp I, xspj;njhFjp II Mfpa xspj;njhFjpfs; japNyhf;nfhapl; nkd;rt;Tfspy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

7. xspj;njhFg;G epwg;nghUl;fs; czu;nfhk;Gr; rpf;fypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

8. ghu;it epwkhiyapy; cs;s ePy> rptg;G xsp miyfs; mfj;JWQ;rg;gLfpd;wJ.

9. ,r;rf;jpahdJ jhf;fikaj;jpw;F (gupTKiwapy;) flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

10. jhf;f ikaj;jpy; cs;s tpNrl FNshugpy; a %yf;$whdJ mUl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

11. ,yj;jpud;fs; cau;rf;jp kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jg;gLfpd;wJ. / ,yj;jpud;fs;

mUl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

12. ,e;j capu;rf;jp ,yj;jpud;fs; japNyhf;nfhapl; nkd;rt;tpy; cs;s Kjyhd ,yj;jpud;

thq;fpfshy; Vw;fg;gLfpd;wd.

13. ,it japNyhf;nfhapl; nkd;rt;tpy; cs;s gy ,yj;jpud; fhtp njhFjp Clhff;

fhtpr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd.

14. capu;rf;jp ,yj;jpud;fs; rf;jp gbapwf;fj;Jld; fhtpr; nry;yg;gLtjhy; rf;jp

ntsptplg;gLfpd;wJ.

15. ,r;rf;jpapd; xU gFjp ATP njhFg;gpy; gad;gLfpd;wJ. / xsp nghRgiuy; Vw;wk;

16. xspj;njhFjp II ,y; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l ,yj;jpud;fs; xspj;njhFjp I ,y; cs;s

,yj;jpuid gjpyPL nra;fpd;wJ.

17. ePupd; xspg;gFg;G xspj;njhFjp II ,y; eilngWfpd;wJ.

18. xl;rprd; ntsptplg;gLfpd;wJ.

19. xspj;njhFjp I ,w;F H+ toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

20. ePupd; xspg;gFg;gpd;NghJ tpLtpf;fg;gl;l ,yj;jpud;fs; xspj;njhFjp II ,y; ,yj;jpud;

gw;whf;Fiwia gjpyPL nra;fpd;wJ.

21. xspj;njhFjp I ,y; mUl;lg;gl;l %yf;$w;wpypUe;J cau;rf;jp kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jg;gl;l

,yj;jpud;fs; Kjyhd ,yj;jpud; thq;fpfshy; Vw;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

22. gpd;du; njhlu;r;rpahd gy ,yj;jpud; fhtpfs; Clhf NADP+ ,w;F flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

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23. ePupd; xspg;gFg;gpd;NghJ xspj;njhFjp II ,y; ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;l H+ ,dhy;

NADP+ MdJ jho;j;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

24. japNyhf;nfhapl; nkd;rt;tpy; cs;s nehjpaq;fs; NADP+ ,d; jho;j;jypy;

<LgLfpd;wJ.

25. xspj;jhf;fj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l NADPH , ATP vd;gd nfy;tpd; tl;lj;jpy;

fhNghitjNuw;W cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy; gq;nfLf;fpd;wJ.

,Us;epiyj; jhf;fk;

26. ,j;jhf;fj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd RUBP , RUBP fhnghf;rpNy]; vd;gd gr;iraTUkzpapd;

jahaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,J %d;W gbepiyfspy; eilngWfpd;wd.

27. fhnghl;rpNaw;wk;

28. PGA jho;j;jy;

29. RUBP ,d; kPs; njhFg;G

30. RUBP MdJ CO2 I Vw;W cWjpaw;w 6C Nru;it cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

31. ,g;gb epiy RUBP / tfhnghf;rpNy]; nehjpaj;jpdhy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

32. cWjpaw;w 6C Nru;it cldbahf cile;J ,U %yf;RWfs; 3C PGA

cUthfpd;wJ.

33. vy;yh NADPH ck; PGA I PGAL Mfj; jho;j;Jtjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ

34. xspj;jhf;fj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ATP ,d; xU gFjp

35. njhlu;r;rpahd jhf;fq;fspd; Clf xU gFjp PGAL I 6C nty;yq;fs; /

fhNghitjNuw;Wf;fshf / Nrjdr; Nru;itfshf cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

36. vQ;rpa PGAL MdJ RUBP Clhf RUMP ,d; kPs; njhFg;gpw;F

37. vQ;rpa ATP I gad;gLj;jp

38. cUthf;fg;gl;l vspa nty;yq;fs; khg;nghUshf khw;wg;gl;L gr;iraTUkzpapd;

jhaj;;jpy; jw;fhypfkhf Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

39. %yg;nghUl;fs;> gf;ftpis nghUl;fs; gr;iraTUkzpapd; nkd;rt;tpd; Clhf

tpidj;jpwdhd xspj;njhFg;gpw;F flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

(VjhtJ 38 × 4 = 152)

(mjp cr;rk; 150)

6. (a) kdpj <uypd; miktplj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. gpupnkd;wfl;bd; fPo;

2. tapw;Wf;Fopapy;

3. tyJ cgkzpg; gFjpapy;

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(b) <uypd; nkhj;jf; fl;likg;igAk; ,ioaikg;igAk; tpgupf;Ff.

4. <uypd; Nky;> Kd; Nkw;gug;Gf;fs; mOj;jkhdit.

5. ehd;F NrhizfisAilaJ

6. tyJ Nrhiz

7. ,lJ Nrhiz

8. thw;Nrhiz

9. ehw;Gilr; Nrhiz

10. midj;J NrhizfSk; kPs; jd;ikaw;w tpy;ypaj;jpdhy; Kw;whf #og;gl;lit.

11. Nrhizfs; rpWNrhizfshy; Mf;fg;gl;lit

12. rpWNrhizfs; mWNfhz tbthdit

13. mit Nrhbahd <uy;fy tupirfshy; Mf;fg;gl;lit

14. xt;nthU NrhizapdJk; ika ehsq;fspy; ,Ue;J

,jw;F Miu jpirapy; Rw;way; Nehf;fp <uy; fytupirfs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

15. xt;nthU ,uz;L Nrhb <uy; fyepuy;fSf;fpilapy; FUjpf;Flh fhzg;gLk; mit

FUjpapdhy; epug;gg;gl;lit

16. FUjpf; Flhf;fs; G+uzg;gLjjg;glhj Rtuhy; Md tpuptile;j FUjp kapu;fFoha;fshy;

MFk;.

17. $g;gupd; fyq;fs; FUjpf;Flhtpd; cl;Gwk; fhzg;gLk;

18. Nrhb<uy; fytupirfSf;F ,ilapy; gpj;jr;rpWfhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

19. xt;nthU <uy; NrhizfSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; njhLg;gpioaj;jpy; fpsprdpd; ciw

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

20. xt;nthU fpsprdpd; ciwapYk; <uy; thapehsj;jpd; fpisAk;

21. <uy;ehbapd; fpisAk;

22. gpj;jjf;fhdpd; fpisAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

<uy; fytupir

FUjpf;Flh

ika ehsk; fpsprdpd; ciu

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(c) mfr;#oypd; ,urhad mikg;G> ngsjpfj; jd;ik Mfpatw;iwr; rPuhf;Ftjpy; <uypd;

gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff.

23. FUjpapd; FSf;Nfhrpd; rPuhf;fy;

rhjhuz epiyia tpl FUjpapd; FSf;Nfh]; nrwpT mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ

24. FSf;Nfh]; fpisf;NfhrdhfTk; nfhOg;ghfTk; khw;wg;gl;L <uy;fspy;

Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

25. Nkyjpf FSf;Nfh]; <uy;fyq;fspy; xl;rpNaw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

FUjp Fs;Nfh];kl;lk; rhjhuz kl;lj;jpYk; FiwAk;NghJ>

26. <uypy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l fpisf;Nfhrd; FSf;Nfhrhf khw;wg;gl;L FUjpapy;

tplg;gLfpd;wJ.

27. <uypy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l nfhOg;G xl;rpNaw;wk; mjpf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; clypd; ,ypg;gpl;

cs;slf;fj;ij <uy; rPuhf;Ffpd;wJ.

28. mj;jpahtrpakw;w mkpNdhtkpyq;fisj; njhFj;;jy;.

29. rpy kUe;Jfs;> mw;fNfhy;> Ez;zq;fpfshy; tplg;gl;l nuhf;rpd;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; er;R

ePf;fypy; <LgLfpd;wJ.

30. cly; ntg;gepiyia rPuhf;Ftjw;F ntg;gk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ / mjpf mWNrg

jhf;fk; fhuzkhf cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w ntg;gk; FUjpapd; Clhfg; guTfpd;wJ.

31. XNkhd;fisr; nray; ,of;fr; nra;jy; / mfw;Wjy;

32. <NkhFNshgpid gpuptilar; nra;jy;.

33. tho;f;iff; fhyk; Kbtile;j nrq;FUjpr; rpWJzpf;iffis fPk; MfTk; FNshgpd;

MfTk; gpuptilar; nra;jy;

34. FUjpiar; Nrkpj;jy;.

35. nfhOg;gpy; fiuaf;$ba tpw;wkpd;fshd A, D, E , K Mfpatw;iwr; Nrkpj;jy;

36. ,Uk;G nrk;G Mfpa fdpg;nghUs; mad;fisr; Nrkpj;jy;.

37. KjYUg;Gujq;fshd my;Gkpd;> FNshGAypd; FUjp ciwjy; fhuzp Mfpatw;iwj;

njhFj;jy;.

38. nfhy];Nuhiyj; njhFj;jy;.

39. A+upahit cw;gj;jp nra;jy; / Nkyjpf mkpNdhtkpyj;ij mkPd;fw;wy; %yk; A+upahit

cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

(VjhtJ 37 × 4 = 148)

(tupg;glk; 04)

(cr;r Gs;sp 150)

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7. (a) jhtuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpg; gpuNjrq;fspd; guTiff;Nfw;g gpupapioaq;fspd; gpujhd tiffisf;

Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;wpd; miktplk;> njhopy; Mfpatw;iw tpgupf;Ff.

1. cr;rpg;gpupapioak;

2. Ntu; cr;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Ntupd; cr;rpg;gpuptpioak; vd;gLk;.

3. Ntupd; cr;rpg;gpupapioak; ePl;rpapy; / Ntupd; tsu;r;rpapy; gq;nfLf;fpd;wJ.

4. jz;bd; cr;rpapy; fhzg;gLk;NghJ jz;bd; cr;rpg;gpupapioak;; vdg;gLk;

5. jz;bd; cr;rpg;gpupapioak;/ jz;lhdJ jz;bd; ePsg;glhd tsu;r;rpapy; gq;nfLf;Fk;.

6. ,il GFe;j gpupapioak;

7. Gy; ,iyapd; mbg;gFjpapy;

8. jz;bd; fZf;fspy; cs;sJ

9. jz;bd; ePsk; / fZtpilia mjpfupf;Fk;.

10. gf;fg;gpupapioak;

11. fyd; khwpioaj;jpy;

12. jf;if khwpioak;

13. ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fspy; fhopw;Fk; cupaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fyd; khwpioak;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

14. jz;L> Ntupd; tpl;lj;ij / cly; Rw;wpid mjpfupf;fpd;wJ / Jiz tsu;r;rpapy;

gq;nfLf;fpd;wJ.

15. ,jd; jf;if khwpioak;

jz;bd; Nkw;gl;il> Ntupd; guptl;lTiw Mfpatw;wpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ

16. jz;bd;> Ntupd; tpl;lj;ij mjpfupf;fd;wJ.

(b) ,Utpj;jpiyj; jz;by; Jizg;gpupapioaq;fspd; gq;fspg;gpid tpgupf;Ff.

rpijtile;j Nkw;Nwhy;

Jiz Nkw;gl;il

Kjy; Nkw;gl;il

jf;if

fyd; khwpioak;gl;iltha;

Jizahd khwpioa fjpu;fs;Jiz cupak;

Jiz fho;

jf;if khwpioak;

(VjhtJ 8 × 1 = 8)

17. Kjw; jz;by; Kjw;fho; Kjy; cupak; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd fl;Lf;Fs;shd khwpioak;

capu;g;gilfpd;wJ.

18. Gilf;fytpioa fyq;fshy; Md Kjyhd ikatpioaf; fjpu;fs; fyg;gpupT milAk;

jd;ikiag; ngWfpd;wd.

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19. ,J fl;bil khwpioakhf tpaj;jkilfpd;wJ.

20. fl;Lf;Fs;shd khwpioaKk; fl;bil khwpioaKk; ,ize;J fyd; khwpioak; /

khwpioa tisaj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.

21. fyd; khwpioaf; fyq;fspd; gpuptilAk; jd;ikahy;

Gjpa fyq;fs; jz;bd; cs;Nehf;fpa ntspNehf;fpa jpirapy; cUthfpd;wJ.

22. cs;Nehf;fpa jpirapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fyq;fshy; Jizf;fho; cUthfpd;wJ.

23. ntspNehf;fpa jpirapy; cUthf;fg;gl;l fyq;fshy; Jiz cupak; cUthfpd;wJ.

24. Jizf;fho; Jiz cupak; vd;gd jz;by; tisa cUtpy;

xOq;FgLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

25. rpy ,lq;fspy; Gilf;fytpioaq;fyq;fs; cs;Nehf;fpa ntspNehf;fpa jpirapy;

cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

26. mj;jifa Gilf;fytpioag; gl;bapypUe;J Jizahd ikatpioaf;fjpu;fs;

tpUj;jpailfpd;wd.

27. Jizf;fho;> Jiz cupak; cUthf;fg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf jz;bd; tpl;lk;

mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

28. cs;gf;fkhf ,ioaq;fs; Nru;f;fg;gLtjhy; Nkw;gl;il ntspNehf;fpj; js;sg;gLfpd;wJ

/ Nkw;Nwhy; rpijtilfpd;wJ.

29. Nkw;gl;ilapy; cs;s fyg;gilahdJ gpuptilAk; jd;ikiag; ngw;W jf;if

khwpioaj;ij cUthf;fpd;wJ.

30. jf;ifkhwpioak; fyg;gpuptilfpd;wJ.

cs;Nehf;fp cUthf;fg;gl;l fyq;fs; Jiz Nkw;gl;iliaj; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ..

31. jf;iff; fyq;fs; Rtupdhy; jbg;gilfpd;wJ.

32. epug;Gfpd;w fyq;fspd; Nkyhf rpy ,lq;fspy; gl;iltha;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

33. Kjpu;e;j epiyapy; Jizf;fho; tiuk; Mfpd;wJ.

34. fyd; khwpioaj;jpw;F ntspNaAs;s midj;J ,ioaq;fSk; kuTup Mfpd;wJ.

35. jf;if khwpioak;> Jiz Nkw;gl;il> ,ize;J Rw;Wg;gl;il vdg;gLk;.

36. gUtfhy khw;wq;fshy; Mz;L tisaq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

(VjhtJ 36 × 4 = 144) (ngauplg;gl;l tupg;gk; 8)

(nkhj;jk; = 152)(mjp cau; = 150)

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8. (a) capupfspd; njhlu;r;rp> $u;g;G Mfpa nrad;Kiwfspy; ,ioAUg;gpupT> xLf;fw;gpupT

Mfpatw;wpd; gq;fspg;ig tpsf;Ff.

1. ,ypq;fKiwpay; ,dk;ngUfpd;w

2. ,Ukbakhd tpyq;Ffspy;

3. xLf;fw; gpupT %yk;

4. xUkbakhd Gzupfs; cUthfpd;wd.

5. jhtuq;fs; xUkbakhd tpj;jpfis cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

6. jhtuq;fspy; Gzupj;jhtuq;fspypUe;J Gzupfs; ,ioAUg;gpupT %yk;

cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

7. Gzupfs; fUf;fl;lg;gl;L ,Ukbakhd tpj;jpj;jhtu re;jjpia cUthf;Fk;.

8. re;jjp topahf ,dq;fspw;fpilNa epw%u;j;j vz;zpf;if khwhJ Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ.

9. ,ioAUg;gpuptpd; %yk; gpwg;Gupik uPjpapy; xj;j kfl;fyq;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

10. ,jdhy; gy;fy tpyq;Ffspy; tsu;r;rpapd;NghJ fyj;jpd; ghuk;gupa mikg;G

Ngzg;gLfpd;wJ.

11. mtw;wpd; Kisa tpUj;jpapd;NghJ

12. ,ioaq;fisg; gjpyPL nra;tjw;Fk;

13. rpy tpyq;Ffspy; Gj;Japu;g;gpYk; ,ioAUg;gpupT Kf;fpakhdJ.

14. rpy tpyq;Ffspd; ,ypq;fkpy; Kiw ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy;

15. ,ioAUg;gpuptpdhy; mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

16. cjhuzk; :- Hydra/ Paramecium

17. xLf;fw;gpuptpd; Kd;dtj;ij I ,y;

18. mikg;nghj;j Nrhb epw%u;j;jq;fspd; miu epwTUf;fspd; gFjpfSf;fpilapyhd

gupkhw;wj;jhy; / FWf;Fg;gupkhw;wj;jhy;

19. Gjpa vjpU Nru;khdk; mikg;nghj;j epw%u;j;jq;fSf;fpilapy; cUthtjhy; kfl;

fyq;fspy; Gjpa ghuk;gupa khwy;fs; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

20. xLf;fw; gpuptpd; mDmtj;ij I ,y;

21. mikg;nghj;j epw%u;j;jq;fs; kj;jpa Nfhl;Lj; jsj;jpy; vOkhwhdjhf

xOq;FgLj;jg;gLtjhy;

22. ngw;Nwhupd; epw%u;j;jq;fs; vOe;j khwhfr; Nru;fpd;wd.

23. ,jd; tpisthf kfl; fyq;fspw;fpilapy; Gjpa ghuk;gupa khwy;fs; cUthfpd;wd.

24. ,t;tifahd khwy;fs; $u;g;gpw;F toptFf;fpd;wd.

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(b) capupdf;$u;g;gpy; ,aw;ifj; Nju;T vt;thW gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

25. cUttpay;

26. elj;ij

27. fl;likg;;G Nghd;w ,dnkhd;wpd; mq;fSf;fpilapy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghLfs;

28. khwy;fs; MFk;.

29. rpy khwy;fs; rhjfkhdit

rpy rhjfkw;wit

rpy rhjfkhd khwy;fs; mLj;j re;jjpf;F flj;jg;glf; $bait.

30. rpy mLj;j re;jjpf;F flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.

31. xU ,dj;jpd; mq;fpfSf;fpilapy; czT> thoplk;> ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd ,iz

Mfpatw;wpy; Nghl;b epyTfpd;wJ.

32. ,t;thwhd Nghl;bfspy; rhjfkhd khwy;fis cila mq;fpfs; me;j tsq;fis

,yFtpy; Efu;e;J jkJ Fbj;njhifia tpUj;jp nra;fpd;wd.

33. mit jkJ rhjfkhd khwy;fis ,dg;ngUf;fk; %yk; mLj;j re;jjpf;F

flj;Jfpd;wd.

34. fhy Xl;lj;jpd;NghJ ,e;j mq;fpfs; #oypw;F mjpfstpy; ,irthf;fk;

milfpd;wd.

35. fhy Xl;lj;jpd;NghJ rhjfkhd ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;l mq;fpfspd; vz;zpf;if

mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

36. vdNt cfe;j ,ay;Gfs; nfhz;l #oypw;F ,irthdit ,aw;if Nju;tpw;F

cs;shfpd;wd.

37. fhy Xl;lj;jpy; rhjfkw;w ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;l mq;fpfs; Fbj;njhifapypUe;J

mfw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

38. ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;fhj fhuzj;jpdhy;

39. ,e;jg; Nghl;bapy; mit Njhy;tpailfpd;wd.

(VjhtJ 38 × 4 = 152)

(cr;rg; Gs;sp = 150)9. gpd;tUk; nrad;Kiwfspy; Ez;zq;fpfspd; gq;fspg;ig tpgupf;Ff.

(a) tpdhfpup cw;gj;jp.

1. njd;idapd; cupr;rhW gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. gjdPupy; cs;s Rf;FNwhir FSf;Nfhrhf ePu;g;gFg;Gr; nra;a

3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae gad;gLfpd;wJ.

4. Rf;FNu]; / ,d;tNu]; nehjpaj;jpdhy;

5. ,e;j Rf;FNuh]; MdJ vjNdhy; MfTk; fhgdPnuhl;irl;lhfTk; khw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

6. mw;fNfhy; nehjpj;jypy; / fhw;wpd;wpa Rthrj;jpy;

7. Saccharomyces cerevisiae gq;nfLf;fpd;wJ

8. vijy; mw;fNfhy; mrw;wpf;fkpykhd khw;wg;gLtjpy;

(C2H

5OH + O

2 CH

3COOH + H

2O)

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9. fhw;W Rthrj;jpy;

10. Acetobacter aceti

11. Gluconobacter gad;gLfpd;wJ.

(b) $l;nlU jahupg;G.

12. cf;fy; gris / $l;nlU gris cw;gj;jpapy;

13. ,aw;ifahf cf;fr; nra;fpd;w ,ay;Gs;s Ez;zq;fpfs; gad;gLfpd;wJ.

14. gpwNghriz gq;f];

15. gw;wPupahf;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

16. $l;nlU cw;gj;jp kpjkhd ntg;gk;

17. <uypg;G

18. fhw;Ws;s

19. Ez;zq;fpfspd; fyitahd Fbj;njhifahy;

20. Nrjdg;gjhu;j;jq;fs; cf;fyilfpd;wd.

(c) ePu;Kiwaupj;jy; %yk; cNyhfg; gpupj;njLg;G.

21. ,Uk;G> fe;jfk; nfhz;l juq;Fiwe;j jhJf;fspypUe;J nrg;G gpupj;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

22. Thiobacillus ferroxidans

23. Thiobacillus thiooxidans

24. Mfpa ,urhad jw;Nghriz gw;wPupahf;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

25. gw;wPupahf;fs; mtw;wpd; mDNrgj;jpd;NghJ my;yJ ,urhadj; njhFg;gpy;

26. H2SO4

27. Fe+3 Mfpatw;iw cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

28. jhJf;fs; xl;rpNaw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

29. ,jpYs;s nrg;G CuSO4 Mf khw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

30. ,t; CuSO4 kpd;gFf;fg;gl;L nrg;G ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.

(d) ehu; cw;gj;jp.

31. Cwitj;jy; %yk; ehu; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.

32. fhw;Ws;s> fhw;wpd;wpa

33. gpwNghriz Ez;zq;fpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

34. jdpj;Jtkhd gw;wPupahf;fs; gad;gLfpd;wd.

35. ,r;nrad;Kiw Cwitj;jy; vdg;gLk;.

36. jhtug;gFjpapypUe;J ehu; jsur; nra;ag;glfpd;wJ.

37. Ez;zq;fpfshy; Ruf;fg;gLk; ngf;upNd]; nehjpak; ,q;Nf gad;gLfpd;wJ.

38. Cwitj;jYf;F jhtug;gFjpfs; NtWgl;l fhyj;jpw;F ePupy; mkpo;j;jg;gLfpd;wd.

(VjhtJ 38 × 4 = 152)

(mjp cau; 150)

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10. gpd;tUtd gw;wp rpWFwpg;G vOJf.

(a) %isj;jz;L.

%isj;jz;bidr; Nru;e;j gFjpfshtd

1. tNuhypapd; ghyk;

2. ePs;tisa ikatpioak;

3. eL%is vd;gdthFk;.

4. tNuhypapd; ghyk; %spf;F Kd;ghf eLK%isf;F fPohfTk; ePs;tisa

ikatpioaj;jpw;F NkyhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

5. Rw;way; gFjpapy; ntz;zpwg; nghUisAk; eLg;gFjpapy; eiuepwg; nghUisAk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

6. ,J jpz;kjpzpTs;s euk;Gf;fyj;ijAk; ehiuAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

7. ,J %spapd; ,U miuf;Nfhsq;fisAk; ,izf;fpd;wJ.

8. Nky;Nehf;fp> fPo;Nehf;fp flj;Jfpd;w jfty;fis xUq;fpizf;fpd;wJ.

9. EiuaPuy; fhw;W}l;liyr; rPu;g;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ePs;tisa ikatpioak;

10. tNuhypapd; ghyj;jpw;F fPohfTk; Kz;zhdpw;F NkyhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.

11. Rw;way; gFjpapy; ntz;zpwg; nghUisAk; kj;jpa gFjpapy; ehu;g;nghUisAk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

12. Rthrikak;> ,jafyd; epiyak; Mfpad ePs;tisa ikatpioaj;jpy;

mike;Js;sd.

njhopy;fs;

13. ,jaJbg;G tPjj;ijAk; tYitAk; rPu;gLj;Jfpd;wJ / FUjpaKf;fj;ijf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

14. %r;RtpLk; tPjk; ,jaj;Jbg;G tPjk; Mfpatw;iw ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

15. ,r;irapd;wpa njwptpidfshd ,Uky;> Jk;ky;> the;jp> tpOq;Fjy; Mfpatw;iwf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

eL %is

16. %isaj;jpw;Fk; tNuhypapd; ghyj;jpd; fPo;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

17. euk;Gf;fyq;fspd; $l;lj;ijAk; euk;G ehiuAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

njhopy;fs;

18. fl;jirfspd; njwptpidfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

19. Nfl;ly;> ghu;j;jy; Mfpa J}z;ly;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l jiy> fOj;J Mfpa cly;

gFjpfspd; njwptpid mirTfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

20. fz;kzpapd; gUkd;> fz; tpy;iyapd; gUkd; tbtj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

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(b) ePu;; mOj;j vz;zf;fU.

21. ePiuf;nfhz;Ls;s ve;jnthU njhFjpAk; ePuOj;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

22. ePuOj;jj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; fhuzfshtd mKf;fk;

23. fiue;Js;s gjhu;j;jq;fs;

24. ePu;ehl;lKs;s gjhu;j;jq;fs; ntg;gepiy vd;gdthFk;.

25. ePuOj;jkhdJ ePu;%yf;$Wfspd; ,af;fg;gz;G rf;jpAld; njhlu;GilaJ.

26. ePuOj;jkhdJ Ψ vd;w FwpaPL %yk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

27. ,J mKf;fj;jpd; myFfshd nkfhg];fy; / g];fy; / tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpdhy;

mstplg;gLfpd;wJ.

28. J}a ePuhdJ mjp$ba ePuOj;jj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

29. vOe;jkhdkhf tspkz;ly mKf;fj;jpy; J}a ePupd; ePu; mOj;jk; G+r;rpakhFk;.

30. ePupy; fiuaq;fisf; fiuf;Fk;NghJ ePu; mOj;jk; Fiwe;J kiwg; ngWkhdj;ij

milAk;.

31. vdNt ,aw;ifahd ePu;j;njhFjpfspd; ePuOj;jk; kiwg; ngWkhdKs;sjhff;

fhzg;gLk;.

32. ePupy; fiuaq;fisr; Nru;f;Fk;NghJ ePuOj;jk; Fiwe;J kiwg; ngWkhdj;ij

milAk; / vdNt ePuOj;jkhdJ ePu; njhFjpnahd;wpd; fiutOj;jj;jpw;F Neu;khW

tpfpjKilaJ.

33. mKf;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ ePu; %yf;$Wfspd; ,af;fg;gz;G rf;jp mjpfupf;Fk;. vdNt

mj;njhFjpapd; ePuOj;jk; mjpfupf;Fk;.

34. fyj;jpd; ePuOj;jkhdJ fiuatOj;jk;> mKf;ftOj;jj;jpd; $l;Lj;njhifahFk;

Ψw = Ψs + Ψp

(c) epw%u;j;j tpfhuk;.

35. DNA/ ghuk;gupag; gjhu;j;jj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.

36. ,J mLj;j re;jj;jpf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

37. epw%u;j;jq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; my;yJ

38. fl;likg;gpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; epw%u;j;j tpfhuj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

39. xLf;fw;gpuptpy; /fyg;gpuptpy; mikg;nghj;j epw%u;j;jq;fs; NtWgLj;jg;gl jtWtjhy;

epw%u;j;j tpfhuk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

40. epw%u;j;jf; fl;likg;gpy; Vw;gLk; tpfhuk; epA+f;fpspNahiul;Lf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy;

Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; epfo;fpd;wJ.

41. cjhuzk; – epw%u;j;jj;jpd; gFjp ePf;fg;gly;.

- epw%u;j;jj;jpd; gFjp gpujpaPL nra;ag;gly;.

epw%u;j;jq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; khw;wk; Vw;gLtjhy; ,uz;L tifahd tpfhuq;fs;

Vw;gLfpd;wd.

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42. fpukkpy;kbak;

43. gd;kbak;

44. xLf;fw;gpuptpd;NghJ epw%u;j;jq;fs; Ntwhf;fg;glhikahy; fpukkpy; kbak; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

%d;W tifahd fpukkpy;kbak; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

45. ,lTdpd; rfrk;

46. Nkyjpfkhd xU cly; epw%u;j;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

47. Nuzupd; rfrk;

48. jdp ,ypq;f epw%u;j;jj;jpdhy; / ,ypq;f epw%u;j;jk; ,d;ikahy;

49. fpspngy;lu; rfrk;

50. Nkyjpfkhd xU X epw%u;j;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

51. epw%u;j;jj; njhFjpfspy; ngUf;fj;jpdhy; gd;kbak; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzk; 3n, 4n

20 + 15 + 18 = 53

VjhtJ 50 × 3 = 150

nkhj;jk; 5 = 150

***

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Documents

f.ngh.j. (c.ju) cjtpf; fUj;juq;F · capupay; I f.ngh.j. (c.ju) cjtpf; fUj;juq;F - 2016,uz;L kzpj;jpahyk; ftdpf;fTk;: ∗ vy;yh tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil vOJf. njhlf;fk;∗ vd vz;zplg;gl;l