xxi

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

12 fYa%‚h

^2017 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul fõ&

wd.ï yd idrO¾u wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uyr.u

YS% ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk

xxii

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

12 fYa%‚h ^2017 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul fõ&

wd.ï yd idrO¾u wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

YS% ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk

xxiii

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh

12 fYa%‚h

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh 2017

C cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wd.ï yd idrO¾u wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

YS% ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk

uqøKh (

uqøKd,h

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

i

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a

lr .ekSu iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s

wka;¾.;h mokï jQ úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ndckh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska

iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq woshr" j¾I 2007 oS cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kh úiska Y%S ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,È¡

m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| j úúO md¾YAjhka bosrsm;a

l< fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk ,o úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï l%shdj,shl

m%;sM,hla f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojeks woshr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd §u 2015

jif¾ isg wdrïN lr we;¡

fuu ;d¾lSlrK l%shdj,sfha § ish,q u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg

Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dvke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria

ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;s w;r úúO úIhhkays oS tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bosßm;a

ùu yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy l%shd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re

úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh o Ndú; lr we;¡

.=re Nj;=kag mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfhys id¾:l j ksr;

ùu" mka;s ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßos fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk

ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd§fï wruqKska kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd oS we;¡ mka;s ldurh ;=<

oS jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY WmldÍ jkq we;¡

isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd l%shdldrlï f;dard .ekSug

.=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí¡ tfuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a

jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkdfõ¡

tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ¡

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j,

uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka ñoS YsIH flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla

yd jvd;a l%shdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH

jkakd jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh

lsrSuhs¡

kj úIh ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï oS cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kfha Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha oS odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka

ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhska yd fjk;a md¾YAjhkaf.a o buy;a lemùu we.hSug o fuh

wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ¡

wdpd¾h chka;s .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uyr.u

ii

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsúvh

bf.kqu mq`M,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o

m;a lrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø

fldg .;a rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd .;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka

;=<ska kj f,djla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr .kq ,nkafka bf.kqu hs'

bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd

ks¾udKh úh hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï

lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k YS% ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka

iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska

jir wglg jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re

ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd .; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re

ud¾f.damfoaYhka ys bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la

kï fkdfõ' úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu i|yd wka;¾.;h

;=<ska bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkia lr .ekSug

iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s nj i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by<

uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk " myiqlï i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd

ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh YslaIlhdyg o fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm<

fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm< fmd;la fkdjk nj ±k .=reNj;=ka

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh yd wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iïmdÈ; wod< fm< fmd;

hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿ lrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqjo

wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu

wjidkfhys mka;s ldurfha § orejka iuÕ m%;HlaIlrKhg m;a úh hq;= h' tu tald;añl

ùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla"

hd;%djla lr .kq we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

iii

úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkqu;sh ( Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,h"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úIh iïnkaëlrKh ( mQcH Wvq.u iqoiaiS ysñ"

fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odk"

wd.ï yd idrO¾u wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

úIh úfYaI{ Wmfoia (

w;smQcH .ka;=fka wiaiÔ uydkdhl

udysñmdKka jykafia - úY%dñl lÓldpd¾h"

YSA% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h'

uydpd¾h mQcH foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ - úY%dñl uydpd¾h"

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h'

f,aLl uKav,h (

uydpd¾h mQcH ;e?f,a Oïur;k ysñ - uydpd¾h"

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h'

mQcH Wvq.u iqoiaiS ysñ - fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odk"

wd.ï yd idrO¾u

wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

WÈ; .reisxy uy;d - uydpd¾h"

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h'

wdpd¾h fla'ta' úrfiak uy;d - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h"

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h'

wd¾'ta' .=Kj¾Ok uy;d - .=re WmfoaYl"

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"

.sßW,a,'

iv

Ô'wd¾'tï'ta' .ï,;a uy;d - .=re fiajh"

O¾umd, uyd úoHd,h"

we/õj," mkaksmsáh'

ta' ví,sõ' tï' wkqrd ùriQßh uy;añh - .=re fiajh"

fld$ f.da;ó nd,sld úoHd,h"

fld<U 10'

úIh ixialrKh (

mQcH Wvq.u iqoiaiS ysñ - fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odk"

wd.ï yd idrO¾u

wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

tia'î'tï' ksu,a O¾uisß uy;d - wOHdmk wOHlaI"

wd.ñl yd idrO¾u wOHdmk YdLdj

wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" biqremdh"

n;a;ruq,a,'

NdId ixialrKh (

YS%kd;a .fKaj;a; uy;d - NdId ixialdrl

mß.Kl joka ieliqu (

ux.,sld úfÊr;ak uy;añh - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úúO iyh (

tia' iS' ms%ho¾YkS uy;añh - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

vhia wurisxy uy;d - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

v

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia

ld,Sk wjYH;d mokï fldg 2009 jif¾ § w'fmd'i' ̂ W'fm<& mka;sj, wod< úIhud,d

fjkialïj,g wkql+, j ;j ÿrg;a kùlrKhg Ndckh lrñka 2017 j¾Ifha isg moaO;sh

;=< ls%hd;aul jk 12 fYa%Ksh i|yd jQ úIhud,d fjkia ùï iys; fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

Tn w;g m;a jkq we;'

kj iyi%fha wNsfhda. ch .ekSug jer ork isiqka ;=< .=re mrmqr úiska id¾:l Ôjk

.ukla i|yd uÕfmkaùu Wfoid m%.=K l< hq;= ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï ksjerÈ

fm< .eiaùulg yd iúia;rd;aul bÈßm;a lsÍulg fuu ud¾f.damfoaYh uÕska Ndckh

lrkq ,en ;sfí' bf.kqï -b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ksmqK;d mdol j bgq lsÍu i|yd fmr

w;a±lSï o m%n, f,i ie,ls,a,g f.k fuu úIhud,d iïmdoljre úiska .=re

ud¾f.damfoaYh Tn fj; ix.%y fldg we;' fuu úIhOdrdjg wod< j ;ukaf.a kj

ks¾udKd;aul yelshdj tla fldg .ksñka" wkqu; fldg we;s úIh ks¾foaYh ksmqK;d

mdol j wkd.; wfmalaIK lrd orejka fm< .eiaùug bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ld¾h i|yd

fhdod .ekSu .=re Nj;=kaf.a ld¾hhls'

fuh Tn w;g m;a jQ jyd u fuys we;s úIh ks¾foaYfhys jeo.;alu yd fm<.eiau m<uq

j ukd j jgyd .; hq;= h' wkqu; ld,Éfþo ish,a, ie,els,a,g f.k jdrhg kshñ;

úIh fldgia y÷kd .ksñka jdr igyka yd Èk igyka l%udkql+, j ksjerÈ j ilia lr

.ekSug j.n,d .ekSu Tn i;= hq;=lula nj isysm;a lrñ'

mej;s .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh yd iei§fï § ieu ksmqK;d uÜgula u bgq lr .ekSu i|yd

wod< b.fkqï m, lSmhla y÷kajd § we;' fuh fuu úIh ks¾foaYhg kj m%jK;djlska

hq;= tla lsÍula f,i y÷kajd Èh yels h' tu bf.kqï m, bgq lr .ekSug;a ta uÕska

ksmqK;d uÜgu idlaId;a lr .ekSug;a wjeis myiqj ie,iSu Wfoid Wmfoia ,nd § we;'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iïmdokfha § .=re Nj;=kag ;u wNsu;h mßÈ ksmqK;d uÜgï

idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd ksmqK;d mdol l%ufõohg .e<fmk ksoyia úl,am bf.kqï

l%ufõo Ndú; lsÍug wjia:dj ie,fia' Tn fhdod .kakd bf.kqï m%fõYh isiq ukig

.e<efmk" l=;+y,h Wmojk" fmr w;aoelSï o ie,ls,a,g .;a i;=gqodhl ld¾hlaIu

l%ufõohla ùu b;d jeo.;a fõ'

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd ,nd § we;s Wmfoia wksjd¾h jQjla fkdjk w;r wod<

lghq;a; ksis mßÈ bgq fõ oehs uek n,d .ekSu i|yd Tfí wNsu;h mßÈ fjkialï isÿ lr

.ekSug wjldY ie,fia' tfia jqj o ksmqK;dj yd ksmqK;d uÜgï ms<sn| j olajk

vi

ie,els,a, fjkia fkdúh hq;= h' ieu ksmqK;d uÜgula wjidkfha § u ,nd § we;s

mßYS,k ms<sn| j ukd uÕfmkaùula isiqka fj; ±laùu w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ksmqK;d mdol j isÿ lsÍu i|yd

w;afmd;la fõjd hs m%d¾:kd lrk w;r" kj iyi%h ch .ekSug orejdf.a uki ksjerÈ u

udj;g fhduq lsÍu i|yd uÕfmkajk O¾udkql+, w;aje,la fõjd hs m%d¾:kd lrñ'

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h mQcH Wvq.u iqoiaiS ysñ"

fomd¾;fïka;= m%Odk" wd.ï yd idrO¾u wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u'

vii

mgqk msgqj

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsúvh

úIhud,d lñgqj

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh - ye¢kaùu 72-73

we.hSu 74-82

i

ii

iii

v

viii

1-71

viii

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h

ix

ye¢kaùu

cd;sl wOHdmk ls%hdj,sfha § úIhud,djg ysñ jkafka jeo.;a ia:dkhls' cd;sl

wjYH;dj,g iß,k whqßka úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh lsÍu ld,Sk j isÿjkakls' kj wOHdmk

m%;sixialrK hgf;a 6-11 fY%a‚j, isiqkag 2015 j¾Ifha isg y÷kajd fokq ,enQ nqoaO O¾uh

kj úIh ks¾foaYh bf.kSu uÕska nqÿ iufha uQ,sl b.ekaùï" Ydik b;sydih yd fn!oaO

ixialD;sh wdÈ lafIa;% ms<sn| ksmqK;d mdol lr.ksñka m%udKd;aul j" .=Kd;aul j yd

m%fhdackj;a j lreKq wOHhkh lsÍug wjia:dj i,id § we;'

tA wkqj w'fmd'i' idudkH fm< lvbu miq lr Wiia fm< fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh úIh

wOHhkhg msúfik orejka" nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh wd.ñl" ixialD;sl" iudc" wd¾Ól yd

foaYmd,k miqìug idfmalaI j fn!oaO b.ekaùïj, w¾:dkaú; nj o" ;%súO r;akh"

fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u" Ydik b;sydih" l,dYs,am" fn!oaO wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k o¾Ykh"

fn!oaO ixialD;sfha wka;¾cd;sl jHdma;sh wdÈ lafIa;% ms<sn| úia;rd;aul" úpdrd;aul yd

;=,kd;aul .fõIKhlg fuuÕska fhduq lrkq ,efí' tA uÕska oaù;Sh uÜgfï § wOHhkh

lrkq ,enQ nqoaO O¾uh úIhh" ksmqK;d mdol j jvd;a mq¿,a yd l%udkql+,j wOHhkh

lsÍug YsIHhd fhduq jk whqßka fuu úIh wka;¾.;h bÈßm;a lsÍug fuys § W;aidy

f.k we;'

YsIH flakaøSh wOHdmkhg uq,a ;ek foñka YsIHhdg jvd;a reÑl;ajfhka úIh

lreKq wOHhkh lsÍug fuuÕska wjldY ie,fia' jkfmd;a lsÍug fyda wid ±k .ekSug

fyda jvd ±kqu ;ud úiska u tla/ia fldg iajdëk j úYaf,aIKh lrñka Ôú;djfndaOh

i|yd fhdod .ekSug YsIHhd fm,Uùu;a" Ôjk hymqreÿj,ska yd iunr fm!reIhlska fyì

wkd.; mrmqrla cd;shg odhdo lsÍu;a fuys wfmalaIdj hs'

x

cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh i|yd wruqKq

cd;sl wruqKq

mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <Õd ùu i|yd mqoa.,hskag iy

lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh iydh úh hq;=h' jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a YS%

,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su

i|yd wruqKq kshu lrkq ,eîh' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHqyhka yd ls%hdj,Ska ;=< oelsh yels

ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrŒh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh ;=<ska <Õdlr .;

hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska y÷kd f.k we;' fuu

wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh i|yd jQ ;u bÈß oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk

fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k we;'

1' udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍfï ixl,amh u; msysgd YS% ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha

ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh"

cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dvke.Su iy

,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu'

2' fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udyeÕs

odhdohka y÷kd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu'

3' udkj whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn| oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u

ne£ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx. j¾Okh lsÍug

bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;dka;s%l Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ

mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu'

4' mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hhkag .re lsÍu u;

mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

5' iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i|yd ks¾udK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S

Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¿ fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh

lsÍu'

6' mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól

ixj¾Okh i|yd odhl jk M,odhS ld¾hhka i|yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj

iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

7' YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiSug yd tajd

md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hka iQodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs;

wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'

8' cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh"

iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jq wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh

lsÍu'

xi

uQ,sl ksmqK;d

wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl

wruqKq uqÿka m;a lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'

1' ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh hk

wkq ldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'

idlaIr;dj idjOdk j weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï

.ekSu i|yd lshùu" ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,odhs

whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu

ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu NdKav" wjldYh iy ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï

i|yd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld"

wdlD;s yd j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia

m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o" fiajd mßY%hka

;=< § o" fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok

;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'

2' fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

• ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh

lsÍu" úpdrYS,s yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï yeÕSfuka lghq;= lsÍu"

mqoa.,dka;r in|;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

• Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hhka

• Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

3' mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka

ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh ms<sn|

yeÕSu" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl

iïm%odhhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne£ï

ffcj mßirh iÔú f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r"

uqyqÿ" c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg

iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d

fN!;sl mßirh wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfha

we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj myiqj"

Yajikh" kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u<my lsÍu

hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj bf.kSu"

jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu i|yd fuj,ï yd ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg

.ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'

xii

4' jev f,dalhg iQodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu' ;u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y÷kd .ekSu'

yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr

Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu' hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod<

fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'

5' wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisÍï

rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd

w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'

6' lS%vdj yd úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" lS%vd yd u,, lS%vd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a

ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl

w;aoelSï'

7' bf.kSug bf.kqï ms<sn| ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k ls%hdj,shla

yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a

iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a i|yd mqoa.,hska yg Yla;sh ,nd §u'

by; cd;sl wruqKq yd uQ,sl ksmqK;d YS% ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s

rduqjla i|yd fhdackd we;=<;a cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ 2003 foieïn¾ jd¾;dfjka

Wmqgd .eksK'

xiii

úIh wOHhkfha wruqKq

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfhys fuka u tys moku jk nqoaO O¾ufhys o uQ,sl wruqK

jkafka yqfola mdrf,!lsl iq.;shla fyda úuqla;s m%;s,dNhla fyda Wfoid uÕ fmkaùu u

fkdfõ' udkj j¾.hdg ftyf,!lsl jYfhka fm!oa.,sl j yd iduQysl j ;Dma;su;a

iduldó Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd jk m%dfhda.sl ud¾.h fmkajd§u o uQ,sl wruqKla nj

Bg wod< nqoaO foaYkdjkaf.ka fuka u Ydik b;sydifhka o ikd: fõ'

fuys we;=<;a ksmqK;d ud,dj uÕska uQ,sl jYfhka u my; ±lafjk wruqKq idOkh

lr.ekSug wfmalaId flf¾'

• iudkd;au;djd§" úpdrmQ¾jl yd m%.;sYS,S wdl,am YsIH m%cdj ;=< ixj¾Okh

lsÍu'

• isjqnU úyrKfhka fmdaIs; iudcdkqfhda.S pß; f.dvkeÕSug odhl ùu'

• iaj Yla;sh flfrys úYajdih ;nk" fya;=M,jd§ j is;d lghq;= lrk ore mrmqrla

ìys lsÍu'

• fn!oaO mokula we;s pdß;% jdß;%dÈh m%dfhda.sl j m%.=K lrk ñksiqka we;s lsÍu'

• w;S; wdo¾Yhka uÕska wkd.;h f.dvkÕd .ekSug uÕ fmkaùu'

• jvd;a m%nqoaO" ixfõ§ yd ks¾udKYS,S orejka iudchg odhdo lsÍu'

• yrj;a yd iunr fm!reIhlska fyì u;= mrmqrla ìys lsÍu'

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh úIh bf.kSu hkq wd.ñl yd od¾Yksl jákdlï iys; ±kqï

iïNdrhla tl;= lr .ekSu muKla fkdjk nj o" th mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfha wdOHd;añl

yd f,!lsl wNsjDoaêh Wfoid uÕ i,id .ekSula úh hq;= nj o .=re isiq fomlaIh úiska

u jgyd .ekSu;a" tA wkqj l%shd lsÍu;a fuys we;=<;a ish¨ ksmqK;djkaf.a fmdÿ w¾:h nj

ie,lsh hq;= h'

xiv

• j¾K O¾u• iajO¾u• wdmoaO¾u• wdY%u O¾u• hd.h• tu b.ekaùï ms<sn|

fn!oaO úpdrh• ldka;dj ms<sno

n%dyauK b.ekaùï• ldka;dj ms<sn|

fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• ks.KaG" wdÔjl"cá," mßn%dcl hkY%uK .=rel=,

• fn!oaO Y%uKiïm%odhfhaiqúfYaI;d

• IÜ Ydia;Djrekaf.ab.ekaùï iy tA ms<sn|fn!oaO úpdrh

• Y%uK ixialD;sfhyswkkH;d ,laIK

• n%dyauKixialD;sfhyswkkH;d ,laIK

1'1Ndr;Sh n%dyauK iudc O¾uwOHhkh lr tA ms<sn|fn!oaO wdl,amh úuidn,hs'

1'2nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh Y%uK.=rel=, y÷kd .ksñka Y%uKn%dyauK iïm%odhj, úfYaI;d

wOHhkh lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

26

32

1'0m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaOld,Sk wd.ñlidudðl foaYmd,kslyd wd¾Ól miqìuúu¾Ykd;aul jolshs'

ksmqK;dj

• Ndr;Sh iudc O¾u ms<sn| úpdrd;aul ±kqula ,nd.kshs'

• n%dyauK iudc O¾uj, ksire nj ms<s.kshs'• ñksia ixy;sfha tAl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùïj,

úYsIag;ajh m%lg lrñka úúO l%shdldrlïj,ksr; fjhs'

• iudc Ôú;fha § iudkd;au;dfjka lghq;= lrhs'

• Ndr;Sh Y%uK .=rel=,j, b.ekaùï úpdrd;aul j yd;=,kd;aul j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Ndr;Sh Y%uK b.ekaùïj, W!k;d we;s nj ms<s.kshs'• Y%uK ixialD;sh yd n%dyauK ixialD;sfha wkkH;d

,laIK j.=.; lrhs'

• ksire foa neyer fldg ire foa l%shdjg kÕhs'

úIh ks¾foaYh 12 jk fYa%Ksh

xv

1'3n qo aO ld, Sk Ndr; ShfoaYmd,ksl jHQyh ydl%shdldß;ajh .fõIKhlrhs'

1'4ls % 'm Q ' yjeks ishjfiawd¾Ól miqìu ye¢k

.kshs'

ksmqK;dj bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

21

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh foaYmd,k miqìu ms<sn|wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs'

• rdcdKavq yd iuQydKavq l%uj, idOkSh,laIK fuka u .eg¨ o wjfndaO lr .ekSugfm,fUhs'

• md,lhka iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs'• mßmd,k lghq;=j, § fkd.eà l%shd lrhs'

• l%s'mQ' yhjeks ishjfia wd¾Ól miqìuúia;r lrhs'

• iudc wjYH;d u; úúO jD;a;s ìys jknj ms<s.kshs'

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ôjk jD;a;sj, kdudj,shlams<sfh< lrhs'

• wod< jD;a;sj, ld¾hlaIu j lghq;=

lrhs'

• fidf<dia uyd ckmo• rdcdKavq l%uh yd

iuQydKavq l%uh^.K ;ka;%&

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Shmd,lhka yd nqÿ rcdKkajykafia w;r mej;siïnkaO;d

• jd‚cHlrKh ydkd.ÍlrKh

• lDIsl¾uh" fjf<|du yd

fjk;a l¾udka;

21

xvi

ld,Éfþo

• kj wryd È nqÿ .=K

• uyd lreKdj

• uyd m%×j

• wdo¾Yj;a kdhl;ajh

• úYsIag Ydia;D;ajh

• ;dÈ .=Kh

• moaudldr Ôú;h

• ksoyia Ñka;kh yd wd.ñl

iykYS,S nj

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ms<sn|

iuld,Sk yd kQ;k we.hSï

• wdkkao uy ry;ka jykafia

• ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia

• uyd m%cdm;S f.da;ó ry;a

fufy‚ka jykafia

• fÄud ry;a fufy‚ka

jykafia

• wkd:msKaäl Wmdil;=ud

• Ñ;a; .ym;s Wmdil;=ud

• úYdLd ufydamdisldj

• kl=, ud;dj

bf.kqï m, úIh wka;¾.;h

2'2

nqoaO ld,Sk mrudo¾YS

.sys meúÈ Y%djl -Y%dúld

pß; we.hSug ,la lrhs'

2'1

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a

iqúfYaI .=K yd úYsIag

pß; ,laIK wOHhkh

lrhs'

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu

02'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a

yd mrudo¾YS Y%djl

Y%dúldjkaf.a úYsIag

pß; ,laIK wOHhkh

lr wdo¾Yhg .kshs'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a úYsIag;ajh y÷kd

.kshs'

• úYsIag nqÿ.=K pß;dhkhg fm,fUhs'

• nqÿ.=K m%lg jk ks¾udKlrKfhys

fhfohs'

• ieoeye is;ska wdñi yd m%;sm;a;s mQcdjkays

kshef<hs'

• mrudo¾YS pß;hl úYsIag ,laIK meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

• mrudo¾YS Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wêIaGdk lr

.kshs'

• O¾udkql+, Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

• mrudo¾YS pß;j,ska ms<sìUq jk hy.=K

úúO ks¾udK uÕska iudchg

iïfm%aIKh lrhs'

16

30

xvii

3'1mqoa.,hdf.a iajdñ;ajh ydYlH;d ms<sn| úu¾Ykhlrhs'

3'2iudc m%Njh yd úldYhms<sn| fn!oaO ú.%yhwOHhkh lrhs'

• mqoa., iajdó;ajh"iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;djyd j.lSu ms<sn| iuld,Skb.ekaùï

• mqoa., iajdó;ajh"iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;djyd j.lSu ms<sn| fn!oaOb.ekaùï

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYhms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

16

18

03'mqoa.,hd" iudchyd foaYmd,kixúOdk ms<sn|fn!oaO b.ekaùïjgydf.k tA wkqjfm!reIh

f.dvkÕd .kshs'

ksmqK;dj

• mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" YlH;dj yd j.lSums<sn| ;=,kd;aul j wjfndaO lr .kshs'

• iodpdrd;aul YslaIKhg fm,fUhs'• wNsfhda. ch .ksñka l%shd lrhs'• wd;au úYajdifhka lghq;= lsÍfï

jeo.;alu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYh mdrfN!;slm%ia;=;j,ska neyer jQjla nj m%;HlaIlr .kshs'

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYh fya;=M,jd§ jisÿ jQjla nj fmkajd fohs'

• iudc úúO;ajh yd úÑ;%;ajh wjfndaOfldgf.k l%shd lrhs'

• iudc ixlS¾K;d uÕska mek kÕskwNsfhda.j,g id¾:l j uqyqK fohs'

xviii

04'mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfhahymeje;aug Wmfhda. jkfn!oaO wdpdr O¾u wOHhkhlr WNhd¾: idOkhg l%shd

lrhs'

3'3fn!oaO foaYmd,kuQ,O¾u úpdrYS,S jwOHhkh lrhs'

4'1mska mõ l=i,a wl=i,aye¢k .ksñka fyd|krl úksYaphlsÍfuys ,d Ndú;fn!oaO ks¾KdhlmeyeÈ,s lrhs'

ksmqK;dj bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

18

• mrudo¾YS md,k ;ka;%hla i|yd jQ fn!oaOfoaYmd,k uQ,O¾u úYaf,aIKhlrhs'

• fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u u; mokï jhymd,khla f.dv keÕSug W;aiql fjhs'

• wdo¾Yj;a m%cd kdhlhl= f,i l%shdlrhs'

• iudc iqNidOkh yd idOdrK;ajhWfoid lem fjhs'

• fyd| krl úksYaph lsÍfuys ,d Ndú;ks¾Kdhl ksrjq,a j y÷kd .kshs'

• iodpdrd;aul j Ôj;aùug wêIaGdk lr.kshs'

• mõ neyer fldg l=i,a oyï jvhs'• l=i,a oyï i|yd iudch fmd,Ujhs'

• mxpYS, m%;smodj• oi rdc O¾u• oi ilaú;s j;a• ima; wmßydkSh O¾u• i;r ix.%y jia;=• i;r w.;s úr;sh• f,dal md,k O¾u• l+goka; iQ;%d.;

foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u• md,k ;ka;%h úIhfhys

m%cd j.lSï

• fyd| krl úksYaphlsÍfuys ,d Ndú;fn!oaO ks¾Kdhl

• oi mskalsßh j;a• oi l=i,a yd oi

wl=i,a

20

xix

4'2mqoa., yd iudc ixj¾OkhgwÞ< fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u ye¢k.kshs'

5'1mßirh ms<sn| fn!oaOwdl,amh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Y%oaOdj• mkais,a yd wgis,a• isjqnU úyrK• i;r ix.%y jia;=• ysß T;ma• w,afmaÉP;dj"

ika;=Iaá;dj" iqNr;dj• kS;s.rel;ajh yd

iyÔjkh

• nqÿ iuh yd mßirh• mßir ixrlaIKh

ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï• fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh

ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

ksmqK;dj bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

19

• fn!oaO idrO¾u ksjerÈ j úia;r lrhs'• iyÔjkfhka Ôj;a ùug yqre fjhs'• fn!oaO idrO¾udkql+, j Èú f.jhs'• hy.=K j¾Okhg wkqn, fohs'

• mßirh yd fi!kao¾h ridiajdohms<sn| fn!oaO wdl,amh wkdjrKhlr .kshs'

• mßir ixrlaIKhg yd fi!kao¾hridiajdohg fm,efUhs'

• Ôú;h ixfõ§ j yd h:d¾:jd§ j .;lrhs'

• i;a;aj m%cdjf.a hymeje;au Wfoid

lghq;= lrhs'

05'mßirh" wd¾Ólh ydfN!;sl iïm;al<ukdlrKh ms<sn|fn!oaO b.ekaùïm%dfhda.sl j Ndú;lrñka w¾:j;a yd;Dma;su;a Ôú;hla .;lrhs'

18

xx

5'2wd¾Ólh ms<sn| fn!oaOÑka;kh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

5'3fN!;sl iïm;al<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fn!oaOÑka;kh wOHhkh lrhs'

5'4f,!lsl iem ms<sn| fn!oaOb.ekaùï ye¢k .kshs'

• Ofkdamdhkh"Ok mßyrKh ydwd¾Ól iqrlaIs;;djms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• Y%uh" Okh iy iudciqNisoaêh w;r mj;skwfkHdakH iïnkaO;djms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• fN!;sl iïm;al<ukdlrKh ms<sn|fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• b÷rka mskùu ydmxpldu iïm;a;sh

• b÷rka mskùï iSud yd±yeñ lïiqj

• w;aÓ iqL" fNda. iqL"wkK iqL" wkjÊc iqL

ksmqK;dj bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo úIh wka;¾.;hksmqK;d uÜgu

17

15

13

• wd¾Ólh iïnkaO fn!oaO wdl,amhuQ,dY%hdkqidrfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úêu;a wd¾Ól iuDoaêhla we;s lr.ekSug Wkkaÿ fjhs'

• Od¾ñl wd¾Ól m%;smodjlg wkq.; jl%shd lrhs'

• úêu;a yd ±yeñ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okie,iqï ilia lrhs'

• fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|fn!oaO b.ekaùï wOHhkh lrhs'

• fN!;sl iïm;a M,Þhs f,i;a"ld¾hlaIu f,i;a fhdÞ.ekSugyqre fjhs'

• úêu;a l<ukdldß;ajhlska hq;= jffoksl Ôú;h .; lrhs'

• fN!;sl iïm;a úêu;a jl<ukdlrKh lsÍfï w.h fmkajdfohs'

• f,!lsl iemh ms<sn| fn!oaOb.ekaùï úia;r lrhs'

• b÷rka mskùu iSud l< hq;= njms<s.kshs'

• Od¾ñl j lïiem ú¢ñka ;Dma;su;a.Dy Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

• wkHhka iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;=lrhs'

1

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

2

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaO ld,Sk wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl ydwd¾Ól miqìu úu¾Ykd;aul j olshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( Ndr;Sh n%dyauK iudc O¾u wOHhkh lr tA ms<sn| fn!oaOwdl,amh úuid n,hs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 16 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• Ndr;Sh iudc O¾u ms<sn| úpdrd;aul ±kqula ,nd .kshs'• n%dyauK iudc O¾uj, ksire nj ms<s.kshs'• ñksia ixy;sfha tAl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùïj, úYsIag;ajh m%lg lrñka úúO

l%shdldrlïj, ksr; fjhs'

• iudc Ôú;fha § iudkd;au;dfjka lghq;= lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia f,dj my< ùug fmr ;snQ wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl yd

wd¾Ól miqìfuys iajNdjh úpdrd;aul j wOHhkh lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h

j¾K O¾u

• n%dyauKhka j¾K O¾u mokï fldgf.k iudc m%Njh b.ekajQ nj'

• tu b.ekaùï >D.afõofha 10 jk uKav,fha 90 jk mqreI iQla;fha i|yka jk nj'

zz n%dyaufKdaaiH uqLudisoa

ndyq rdckH( lD;(

W!re;oiH hoa ffjYH(

moaNHdï Y=føda wcdh;˜

^iD.a 10'90&

• fuu b.ekaùu j¾K O¾u kñka ye¢kajQ nj'

• n%dyauK" laI;%sh" ffjYH yd Y=ø hk iudc ixia:d y;r p;=¾ j¾Kh kï jk nj'

iajO¾u

• ta ta j¾Khkag wh;a ld¾hhka iajO¾u kñka yeÈkajQ nj'

• fuu b.ekaùï ukqiauD;sfha i`oyka jk nj'

n%dyauK

zz wOHdmkuOHhkx

hckx hdckx ;:d

odkx m%;s.%yKxffpj

n%dyauKdkdul,amh;a ̃

^ukq 1'88&

• b.ekaùu" bf.kSu" hd. lsÍu" hd. lrùu" oka §u" oka ms<s.ekSu n%dyauKhdf.a ld¾hhka

nj'

3

laI;s%h

zz m%cdkx rlaIKx odk

ñcHdOHhkfïjp

úIfhaYap m%Yla;sYap

laI;s%hiH iudi;#˜

^ukq 1(89&

• m%cd rlaIKh" oka §u" hd. lsÍu" bf.kSu" ldufhys fkd we,S ls%hd lsÍu" laI;%shhkaf.a

ld¾hhka nj'

ffjYH

zz mY+kx rlaIKx odk

ñcHdOHhkfïjp

jKslam:x l=iSoxp

ffjYHiH lDIsfïjp˜

^ukq 1'90&

• mY= md,kh" oka §u" hd. lsÍu" bf.kSu" fjf<|du" uqo,a

fmd<shg §u" lDIs l¾udka;h ffjYHhkaf.a ld¾hhka nj'

Y=ø

zztalfuj;= Y=øiH

m%N=# l¾u iudÈY;a

tAf;aidfïj j¾Kdkx

Y=Y%EidukqiQhidZZ

^ukq 1'91&

• by; olajk ,o ta tA j¾Kj,g wh;a m%N+ ckhdg fufyjr lsÍu'

wdmoa O¾u

• wdmod wjia:djl § n%dyauKhdg laI;%sh" ffjYH hk j¾Kj,g wh;a lghq;=j,

ksr; úh yels nj'

• fiiq j¾Kj, ckhdg my< fYa%Ksj,g wh;a lghq;= lsÍug yels jk w;r Y=øhkg

wh;a ld¾hhka lsis fia;a u fjkia fkdjk nj'

• my< j¾Kj, ckhdg" by< j¾Kj, ckhdf.a lghq;= lsÍug fkdyels nj'

wdY%u O¾u

• Ôú;h n%yaupdÍ" .Dyia:" jdkm%ia:" yd ikHdis hkqfjka wjia:d y;rlg fnod

;snqKq nj'

n%yaupdÍ

• YsIHhl= jYfhka W.; ukd Ys,am Ydia;% yeoEÍu'

4

.Dyia:

• újdy Ôú;hg we;=<;a j wUqorejka fmdaIKh lsÍu yd mialï iqj wkqNj lrñka

id¾:l .Dy ðú;hla .; lrk w;r msßñ orejl= m%d¾:kd lsÍu'

jdkm%ia:

• ;jqia oï /lSu i`oyd jk.; ùu' tys § ish wNsu;h mßÈ ìßh o leáj hd yels nj'

ikHdis

• n%yauiyjH;dj wfmalaIdfjka wk.dßl j" yqfol,d" ixpdrl Ôú;hla .; l<

hq;= nj'

hd.h

• n%yauiyjH;dj i`oyd we;s tl u ud¾.h f,i hd.h b.ekajQ nj'

• th by< j¾Kj,g muKla iSud jQ nj yd f,!lsl wfmalaId idOkh o tuÕska

wfmalaId l< nj'

• >D.a" hcq¾" idu hk fõo;%hfhys u hd.h i`oyka jk nj'

• fyda;D ^wdrdOkd lrkakd& wèj¾hq ^hd.fha wOHlaI& Woa.d;D ^fõo mdG .dhkd

lrkakd& iy h{ ldrl ^hd. lrkakd& hk n%dyauK mQcljreka ksis mßÈ hd.hka

meje;aùu w;HjYH jk nj'

• hd. l%u .Kkdjla n%dyauKhka wkq.ukh l< nj'

• wYajfïO" mqreIfïO" iïudmdh" jdcfmHh yd ksr.a., thska m%uqL hd. nj'

n%dyauK b.ekaùï ms<sn| fn!oaO úpdrh

• j¾K O¾uh ms<sn`o fn!oaO úpdrh iQ;% foaYkd /ilska m%lg jk nj'

• ft;sydisl idOl" Ôj úoHd;aul idOl" iudc úoHd;aul idOl" wdpdr

úoHd;aul idOl yd ufkdaúoHd;aul idOl wdÈ jYfhka tu lreKq j¾.SlrKh l<

yels nj'

• iajO¾u ms<sn| n%dyauK b.ekaùï úfõpkh lrk nqÿiuh j¾Kj,g Wm;ska ysñ jk

Ôúld jD;a;s ke;ehs fmkajdfok nj'

• fn!oaO n%yaupßhdj Ôú;fha tla iuhlg muKla iSud fkdjk nj'

• n%yau iyjH;dj yd hd.h nqÿiufhka úpdrhg ,la jk nj'

ldka;dj ms<sn| n%dyauK b.ekaùï

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh iudch mqreIdêm;Hfhka hqla; jQ nj'

• n%dyauK b.ekaùï wkqj ldka;djg wd.ñl" idudðl" wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k ksoyi

iSud lr ;snQ nj'

• ieñhd u< l,ays Nd¾hdj i;s mQcdj kï wd.ñl ld¾h l< hq;= hehs ms<s.;a nj'

• ia;s%h nd, úfha § foudmshka hgf;a o" ;reK úfha § iajdñmqreIhd hgf;a o" uy¨

úfha § jeäuy,a msßñ orejd hgf;a o Ôj;a úh hq;= hehs ie,l=Kq nj'

• ia;%sh úYajdi fkdlghq;=" my;a" pm, ÿisß;ays u fhfok ;eke;a;shl f,i ie,l+

nj'

• bv ,o ieu fudfydf;a u ldka;dj jrfoys nef|k ;eke;a;shl f,i ms<s.;a nj'

5

ldka;dj ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• ÈhKshka my;a fldg fkd ie,l+ nj'

• ìßhl jYfhka wehg ksis iudc ;;a;ajh ,nd § we;s nj'

• ujl jYfhka ia;s%h mQckSh;ajfhka i,ld we;s nj'

• Wmdisldjl jYfhka fn!oaO iudcfhys ia;s%hg Wiia ;ekla ysñ ù we;s nj'

• NslaIqKshl f,i meúoafoys Wmßu M, fk<d .ekSug wjia:dj i,id we;s nj'

• m%{d m%;s,dNhg iy wdOHd;añl m%.;shg ia;S% Ndjh ndOdjla fkdjkafka hehs

W.kajd we;s nj'

• .=K kqjKska fyì ldka;dj iuyr mqreIhkag jvd fY%aIaG hehs nqÿ jofkys ±lafjk

nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udK uek ne,Sfï ks¾Kdhl ilia

lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.; yels h'

1' Ndr;Sh iudcfha mej;s j¾K O¾u ms<sn| ixjdohla f.dvkÕkak'

2' n%dyauK j¾K O¾u" iajO¾u" wdY%u O¾u fn!oaO be.ekaùï iu`. ;=,kh lrñka

j.=jla ks¾udKh lrkak'

3' ldka;dj ms<sn|j n%dyauKhka ±lajQ wdl,amh nqÿiufhka úpdrhg ,la jk wdldrh

w.hñka lrk l;djl msgm;la ilia lrkak'

4' zznqÿ iufhka ldka;dj ,o ksoyiZZ hk uefhka m%ia;=;SlrKhla (presentation)

bÈßm;a lrkak'

5' n%dyauK ixialD;sfhka ldka;dj mSvdjg ,la j isá nj f:arS.d:dj, o oelafjhs'

tu f:aß.d:d we;=<;a ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'

6' ;ekg WÑ; mßÈ ia;s%h o úplaIK nqoaêfhka ls%hd lr we;s njg ksoiqka fn!oaO

idys;Hfhka fiùug isiqka fm,Uùula lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

• ukqiauD;sh

• mqreI iQla;h - iD.a 10 uKav,h

• wïnÜG iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• w.a.[a[ iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• wiai,dhk iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• lKayl;a:, iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• jdfiÜG iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• uOqr iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• f:rs .d:d - Lqoaol ksldh

6

• NslaLqKS ixhqla;h - ixhqla; ksldh

• ë;= iQ;%h - ixhqla; ksldh

• l=Kav,flais l:d jia;=j - OïumoÜG l:d

• f;rKsfhda - tÉ'tï' fudrgqj.u ^1994&

tia' f.dvf.a m%ldYk" fld<U

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh pkaosu úchnKavdr

uQ,O¾u yd jxY l:dj - tÉ'tï' fudrgqj.u ^2011& l¾;D m%ldYk

• fn!oaO ixialD;sh - foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ

^miqìu yd uQ,O¾u& ;e/f,a Oïur;k ysñ

ví' ta' .dñKS ùfÊisxy

• ldka;dj yd iudch - lsßj;a;=vqfõ m%{didr ysñ ^1961&" le,Ksh

úoHd,xldr uqøKd,h

7

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaO ld,Sk wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl yd

wd¾Ól miqìu úu¾Ykd;aul j olshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh Y%uK .=rel=, y÷kd .ksñka Y%uK n%dyauK

iïm%odhj, úfYaI;d wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 32 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• Ndr;Sh Y%uK .=rel=,j, b.ekaùï úpdrd;aul j yd ;=,kd;aul j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• Ndr;Sh Y%uK b.ekaùïj, W!k;d we;s nj ms<s.kshs'

• Y%uK ixialD;sfha yd n%dyauK ixialD;sfha wkkH;d ,laIK j.=.; lrhs'

• ksire foa neyer fldg ire foa l%shdjg kÕhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

merKs Ndr;Sh Y%uK yd n%dyauK ixialD;sj, wkkH;d ,laIK wOHhkh lr ta w;r

fn!oaO Y%uK ixialD;s fha iqúfYaI wkkH;d ,laIK meyeÈ,s lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

• ls%ia;= mQ¾j yhjk ishji jk úg úúO Y%uK .=rel=, mej;s nj'

• ks.KaG" wdÔjl" cá," mßn%dcl" wd§ka bka m%uqL jk nj'

• n%dyauK iïm%od fha b.ekaùïj,g m%;spdr oelaùï jYfhka Y%uK .=rel=, ìys jQ nj'

ks.KaG (

• ;uka flf,ia .egj,ska f;dr hehs lshd isá idOqjreka ks.KaG kï jQ w;r" Yafõ;dïnr

yd È.ïnr hkqfjka fohdldr jQ Tjqka ÿIalr j%; wkq.ukh l< msßila nj'

wdÔjl (

• w;ska oKavla ord isá w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.S j W.% ;mia j%; wkq.ukh l< Y%uKhka

wdÔjlhka jQ nj'

cá, (

• fudjqka ysfiys cgdjla oerE nj" we;euqka ixpdrl meúos osúhla .; l< nj" we;euqka

iaÓr wdrduj, cSj;a jQ nj yd .sks foúhka msoSug o Wol Y=oaêhg o m%uqL;ajhla ,ndÿka

nj'

mßn%dcl (

• w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.S j ÿIalr j%;j, fhÿKq fudjqka idOqjreka jQ nj'

fn!oaO Y%uK iïm%odhfha iqúfYaI;d

• ikaiqka b÷rka we;s" msßisÿ lidj;a ork" ixjr bßhjqj,ska hq;= " Ys,d§ .=K O¾uhkaf.ka

hq;=" ìug fy<k ,o weia we;s" ysi /jq`M uqvq l<" ikaiqka j .uka lrk" iqmámkak

Y%uK msßila nj'

• msKavmd;sl j tla fõf,a muKla wdydr .kakd" ir, Èú fmfj;la .; lrk msßila

nj'

8

• wg f,da oyñka lïmd fkdjk w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.fhka yd lduiqL,a,sLdkqfhda.fhka

neyer jQ uOHu m%;smodj wkq.ukh lrk msßila nj'

• w;S;h yd wkd.;h ms<sn| fYdal fkdWmojk" j¾;udkfhka hefmk" m%ikak fmkqfuka

hq;= Y%uK msßila nj' ^iñoaê iQ;%h&

• mqoa., iajdñ;ajh w.h l< msßila nj'

• mdßY=oaO jQ ldh" jdla" uk# l¾u we;s nj'

• wNHka;r yd ndysr mdßY=oaO;ajfhka hqla; jQ nj'

• ksjk uQ,sl mrud¾:h fldg f.k Bg wod< m%;sm;a;s msrE msßila nj'

• ish¨ oDIaá .%yKhkaf.ka iy Wmdodkhkaf.ka f;dr ksoyia Ñka;kh wkqj ls%hd

l< msßila nj'

IÜ Ydia;Djrekaf.a b.ekaùï iy ta ms<sn| fn!oaO úpdrh'

• ls%ia;= mQ¾j 6 jk ishjfia Ndr;fha Y%uK iïm%odhhg wh;a m%lg Ydia;Djreka yhfofkl=

úiQ nj'

• Tjqka ms<sn| j §> ksldfha idu[a[M, iQ;%fha;a" fjk;a iQ;%j,;a" ffck uQ,dY%hj,;a

oelafjk nj'

• mQrK liaim" ulaL,Sf.daid," wð;flailïn,S" ml=O lÉpdhk" ixch fn,a,ÜÀmq;a;

yd ks.KaGkd;mq;a; hk kïj,ska Tjqka ye¢kajQ nj'

mQrK liaim (

• fu;=ud mska mõ m%;slafIam lrk wlsßhjdÈhl= f,i idu[a[M, iQ;%fha úia;r

jk nj'

• lrkakl=" lrjkakl=" is¢kakl=" is|jkakl= ke;ehs W.kajk mQ¾K ldYHmf.a

o¾Ykh wlsßhjdohla f,i oelafjk nj'

• iuia; mDÓúfha ish¨ m%dKSka urd tl u uia f.dvla l< o ta fya;=fjka Wmokd

mdmhla ke;ehs b.ekajQ nj'

• oka foñka" oka fojjñka" hÈñka" hojñka" .x.d ;Srfha W;=re fl<jr f;la .sfha

ù kuqÿ thska jk mskla ke;ehs b.ekafjk nj'

• odkfhka" bkaøsh oukfhka" ixjrfhka" i;H jpkfhka" isÿ jk mskla ke;ehs

o W.kajk nj'

lfrdf;da fLda uyrdc ldrhf;da Pskaof;da

fþodmhf;da mpf;da mpdhf;d ''''''k lßh;s mdmx"

Lqr mßhkaf;ak fÉms plaflak

fhda bñiaid mGúhd mdfKa taluxiL,x

taluximq[acx lfrhH k;aÓ ;f;da ksodkx mdmx

k;aÓ mdmiai wd.fuda olaÅKx fÉms .x.dh ;Srx

.ÉfPhH ykkaf;da >df;kaf;da Pskaokaf;da

9

.

fþodfmkaf;da mpkaf;d mdfpkaf;da k;aÓ

;f;d ksodkx mdmx k;aÓ mdmiai wd.fuda

W;a;rx fpms .x.dh ;Srx .ÉfchH ookaf;da

odfmkaf;da hckaf;da hcdfmkaf;da k;aÓ ;f;da

ksodkx mq[a[x" k;aÓ mq[a[iai wd.fuda'

odfkak ofïk ixhfïk iÉpjÊfÊk"

k;aÓ mq[a[x k;aÓ mq[a[iai wd.fuda

• ñksid úiska ifÉ;k lrkq ,nk fyd| krl ls%hdfõ j.lSu mqoa.,hdg fkd

mejfrk neúka ñksidg wjYH ́ kE u ÿrdpdr ls%hdjl fh§ug fuuÕska bv ie,fik

nj'

• tfyhska iudch ;=< wdpdr O¾u w¾:j;a lsÍug fkdyels ù iuia; iudch u

iodpdruh jYfhka uy;a mßydkshg m;ajk nj'

• nqÿoyu lïujd§" lsßhjd§" úßhjd§ oyula neúka ifÉ;k ls%hdfõ j.lSu lrkakd

úiska u ±ßh hq;= hehs W.kajk nj'

• mqk¾Njh fyj;a i;a;ajhdf.a idxidßl m%jD;a;sh ms<s.kakd nqÿiuh l¾u úmdl

isoaOdka;h wjOdrKh lrk nj'

• ifÉ;kj isÿ lrkq ,nk mska mõ" l=i,a wl=i,a wod< mqoa.,hdg ÈÜGOïufõokSh"

WmmÊcfõokSh" wmrdmßh fõokSh jYfhka fuf,dj § fyda u;= wd;auj, § fyda

m,úmdl ,nd§ug bÈßm;a jk nj'

• ;udg furudg yd WNh mlaIhg wk¾:h msKsi fya;= jk m%dK>d;dÈ ish¨ ÿisß;a

widOq" wlrKSh" mdm wl=i, f,i y÷kajd tajdhska je<flk f,i Wmfoia fok

nqÿiuh ;udg furudg yd WNh mlaIhg ys;iqj msKsi mj;sk odkdÈ i;als%hd idOq"

mq[a[" l=i, f,i by<ska w.h lrk nj'

• odkh" bkaøsh oukh" iS, ixjrh" i;H jpkh wdÈ ls%hd fuf,dj mrf,dj Ôú;h

iqjm;a lsÍug muKla fkdj idxidßl ÿla fl<jr fldg ksjka mila lsÍug o

bjy,a jk uydksixiodhl iodpdruh i;a ls%hd f,i nqÿiuh uÕska w.h lrkq

,nk nj'

• fï wkqj mQ¾K liaim wlsßhjd§ Ydia;Djrhl= f,i nqÿiuh uÕska y÷kajkq ,en

we;s nj'

10

ulaL,S f.daid, (

• i;a;ajhdf.a flf,iSug fyda úY=oaêhg fyda fya;= m%;Hhhla ke;ehs b.eka jQ fudyq

wfya;= wm%;Hhjdoshl= nj'

• iajNdj ksh;shlg wkqj i;a;ajhdf.a iir .uk yd úuqla;sh isÿ fõ hehs mjik

ulaL,S f.daid, Ydia;D;=ud ksh;sjdÈhl= f,i o wêÉp iuqmamkakjdÈhl= f,i o

ye¢kafjk nj'

• W;aidyh" ù¾hh" wêIaGdkh" mqreI n,h" mqreI mrdl%uh m%;slafIam lrk fudyq ish¨

i;a;ajhka" ish¨ m%dKSka ú¾hh rys;" n, rys;" iaj leue;a;g wkqj lghq;= l<

fkdyels msßila f,i olajk nj;a" tksid u fudyqf.a b.ekaùu uÕska l¾u fuka u

i;a;ajhdf.a flf,iSug fyda úY=oaêhg fyda fya;= m%;Hhla ke;ehs b.ekajQ ksid

fudyq wfya;= wm%;HjdÈhl= nj'

• ulaL,S f.daid, wdpd¾hjrhdf.a b.ekaùï k;aÓlïu" k;aÓlsßh" k;aÓúßh hk

moj,ska ye¢kafjk nj'

• fuu b.ekaùï uÕska l¾u úmdl neyer flfrk ksid ulaL,S f.daid, o

wlsßhjdÈhl= f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'

• i;a;ajhdf.a flf,iSu yd msßisÿ ùu fya;= m%;Hh rys; j isÿ fõ hhs ulaL,s f.daid,

m%ldY l< o nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ixhqla; ksldfha uyd,s iQ;%fha § zzw;aÓ uyd,s fya;=

w;aÓ mÉpfhda i;a;dkx ixlsf,aidh" ifya;= imamÉphd i;a;d ixls,siaika;s wdÈ

jYfhka i;a;ajhdf.a flf,iSug yd msßisÿ ùug n,mdk lreKq meyeÈ,s j olajd

we;s nj'

• wfya;= wm%;Hhjdoh fyj;a wêÉpiuqmamkakjdoh fuka u ish¨ wdldrfha ksh;sjd§

b.ekaùï m%;slafIam lrñka zzbuiañx i;s box fyda;s buiai Wmamdod box WmamÊc;s '''''

ZZhkd§ máÉpiuqmamdo isoaOdka;h bÈßm;a lrñka f,dalfha ish,a, fya;=m%;Hh iys; j"

mÜÉpiuqmamkak j we;s jk ke;s jk whqre úoHd;aul j ;yjqre fldg we;s nj'

• BYajr ks¾udKjdoh" mqífíl;fya;=jdoh" wfya;=wm%;Hjdoh jeks ish¨ wdldrfha

mdrfN!;sl ixl,am neyer lrk nqÿiuh iajÉPkao;dj wkqj fyd| krl uekúka

f;dard fírdf.k ksoyfia ls%hd lsÍug we;s yelshdj wjOdrKh lrñka ish¨ ifÉ;k

ls%hdj, j.lSu l¾;D fj; u mejerE nj'

• w;a;ldr" mrldr" mqßi:du" mqßin," mqßiùßh" mqßimrlalu wdÈ Yla;Ska WNhd¾:

ixj¾Okh msKsi mqoa.,hl= ;=< mej;sh hq;= Okd;aul W;af;ackhla fia olajk

nqÿiuh iïud jdhdu wdrïNOd;=" kslaluOd;=" mrlaluOd;=" wmamudo" wêÜGdk wdÈ

wdl,am uÕska mqoa., fm!reIh f.dvkeÕSug W;aidy ord we;s nj'

• úúO jQ yqfhka úhk ,o jia;% w;r ÿ¾j¾K" ÿ¾.kaO" ÿlaLiam¾Y we;s flailïn,hla

b;d my;a ;;a;ajfha ,d ie,flkakdla fuka úúO Y%uKdjdo w;r ulaL,Sjdoh my;a u

jdoh f,i nqÿ rÿka úiska u olajkq ,en we;s nj'

11

• .x.d uqfjys .s,ajd ;nk ,o flñK fndfyda u;aiHhkaf.a úkdYh msKsi fya;=

jkakd fia ulaL,S jkdys fndfyda ñksiqkg wys;" wjev" jHikh msKsi f,dalfhys

Wmka ñksia flñK f,i y÷kajd we;s nj'

• k;aÓ uydrdc fya;=" k;aÓ mÉpfhda i;a;dkx ixlsf,aidh" wfya;= wmamÉphd i;a;d

ixls,siaika;s" k;aÓ fya;= k;aÓ mÉpfhda i;a;dkx úiqoaêhd" wfya;= wmamÉphd

i;a;d úiqÊCOka;s" k;aÓ w;a;ldf¾" k;aÓ mrldfr" k;aÓ mqßildfr" k;aÓn,x"

k;aÓ úßhx" k;aÓ mqßi :dfuda" k;aÓ mqßi mrlalfuda iífí i;a;d" iífí mdKd

iífí N+;d" iífí Ôjd" wjid" wn,d" wúßhd ksh;six.;NdjmßK;d PiafiajdNscd;Siq"

iqLÿlaLx" máixfõfoka;s'''' fihH:dms kdu iq;a; .=f< Å;af;a ksífíÀhudkfïj

mf,a;s" tajfïj ndf,ap" mKaäf;ap" ikaOdú;ajd ixiß;ajd ÿlaLiaika;x lßiaika;S;s'

wð; flailïn,s (

• ÿka oays M, ke;' hd.fhys M, ke;' l=i,d l=i, l¾uhkaf.a M, úmdl ke;ehs

olajk fudyqf.a b.ekaùu wlsßhjd§ b.ekaùula nj'

• odkh" hd.h" fydauh" uj" mshd" fuf,dj" mrf,dj wdos ish,a, m%;slafIam lrk fudyq

i;r uyd N+;hka muKla iaÒr mod¾: f,i ms<s.kakd neúka fN!;sljdÈhl= nj'

• urKska miq i;a;ajhdf.a i;r uyd N+; úYajfha i;r uyd N++;j,g tl;= jk nj;a"

odkdÈfhka hym;la ke;s nj;a nd," mKaä; ish¨ fokd urKfhka úkdYhg"

fl<jrg m;ajk nj;a ±lafjk fuu b.ekaùu WÉfþojdohla nj'

k;aÓ uyrdc Èkakx k;aÓ hsÜGx" k;aÓ yq;x

k;aÒ iqlgÿlalgdkx lïudkx M,x

úmdflda" k;aÓ whx f,daflda" k;aÓ

mfrdf,dfld" k;aÓ ud;d" k;aÓ ms;d

k;aÓ i;a;d" ´mmd;sld k;aÓ f,dafla

iuK n%dyauKd" iïu.a.;d iïudmámkakd

fha bu[ap f,dalx" mr[ap f,dalx ihx

wNs[a[d iÉðl;ajd mfõfoka;s" pd;=ïuyd

N+;sfld whx mqßfida hod ld,xfrda;s

mGú mGú ldhx wkqfma;s wkqm.ÉP;s

wdfmda wdfmdaldhx wkqfma;s wkqm.ÉP;s

f;afcda f;afcdaldhx wkqfma;s wkqm.ÉP;s

jdfhda jdfhda ldhx wkqfma;s wkqm.ÉP;s

wdldix bkaøshdks ixluka;s wdikaÈm[apud

mqßid u;x wdodh .ÉPka;s

hdj w<ykd modks m[a[dhka;s ldfmda;ldks

12

wÜÀks Njka;s" Niaika;d" wdyq;sfhda

o;a;= m[a[;a;x hÈox odkx

f;ix ;=ÉPx uqid ú,dfmda fha flaÑ

w;aÓl jdox joka;s ndf,ap mKaäf;ap

ldhiai fNaod WÉPsÊcka;s úkiaika;s

k fydka;s mrx urKd;s

• mq[a[mdm" l=i,dl=i, ls%hdjkaf.a M,úmdl o m%;slafIam lrk wð; flailïn,s

Ydia;Djrhd urKska u;= ish,a, wjika fõ h hk WÉfþojdohla bÈßm;a fldg we;s

nj'

• zzf,daliuqohx fLda lÉpdk iïumam[a[dh miaif;da hd f,dafla k;aÓ;d id k

fyda;s ZZ hkqfjka máÉpiuqmamkak j i;aa;ajhdf.a" f,dalfha yg.ekSu yd meje;au

ukdjQ kqjKska olskakdg kdia;sl oDIaáh fyj;a WÉfþo oDIaáh we;s fkdjk nj'

• i;a;ajhdf.a meje;au urKfhka wjika fkdjkafka hehs wjOdrKh lrk nqÿiuh

mqk¾Njh ms<s.kakd nj'

• l¾u úmdl isoaOdka;h ms<s.kakd nqÿiuh mqoa.,hd úiska ifÉ;kj lrkq ,nk

l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkaf.a M,úmdl ÈÜGOïufõokSh" WmmÊcfõokSh" wmrdmßhfõokSh

jYfhka ixidr.; Ôú;h ;=< § ú£ug isÿfj;s hs mjik nj'

• k;aÓ Èkakx k;aÓ hsÜGx ''''' wdÈ oijia;=j ñ:HdoDIaáhla f,i neyer lrk nqÿiuh

w;aÓ Èkakx w;aÓ hsÜGx w;aÓ yq;x" w;aÓ iqlgÿlalgdkx M,x úmdflda '''' hkdÈ

oijia;=l iïud ÈÜÀhla uydp;a;dÍi wdÈ iQ;%hkays olajd we;s nj'

• odkd È i;als%hdj, M, úmdl m%;slafIam lsÍu yd i;a;ajhdf.a idxidßl meje;au

neyer lsÍu hk wð;flailïn,s Ydia;Djrhdf.a b.ekaùï iudc iodpdrfhys

meje;aug m%n, ndOlhla nj'

ml=O lÉpdhk (

i;aa;sfï uydrdc ldhd wlgd" wlgúOd

wksïñ;d wksïud;d ''''' l;fï i;a; mGú ldfhda

wdfmda ldfhda" f;afcda ldfhdaa" jdfhda ldfhda

iqfÄ" ÿlafÄ" ðfõ i;a; fï ''''''f;a k b[acka;s

k úmßKuka;s k w[a[u[a[x nHdndfOka;s

kd,x w[a[u[a[iai iqLdh jd ÿlaLdh jd iqLÿlaLdh jd

;;a: k;a:s yka;d jd >df;a;d jd

fida;d jd idfÉ;d jd ú[a[d;d jd ú[a[dfma;d jd fhdams

;skafyak i;af:ak iSix Pskao;s k fldaÑ l[aÑ" Ôú;d fjdafrdafma;s"

i;a;kakx fhaj ldfha k uka;f¾k i;a:x újrukqm;;s;s

• hkqfjka oelafjk mßÈ lsisjl= úiska ks¾udKh fkd lrk ,o fkd Wmojk ,omGú" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda" iqL" ÿlaL" Ôj hkqfjka ks;H mod¾: y;la muKlawe;ehs fu;=ud b.ekajQ nj'

13

• tu ldh if;ys kikakl=" kijkakl=" >d;kh lrkakl=" lrjkakl= ke;s

nj;a" ;shqKq ie;lska hfula hul=f.a ysi is`Èkafka kï thska lsisjl= úiska

lsisjl= >d;kh fkd lrk ,o nj;a" yqfola ima; ldh w;ßka ie; ^wdhqOh&

újrhg jeo .ekSu muKla isÿjk nj;a W.kajk neúka l=i,dl=i, l¾u úmdl

fkd ms<s.kakd fudyqf.a b.ekaùu o wlsßhjd§ jk nj'

• ima; mod¾:h ms<s.ksñka i;a;ajhdf.a meje;au m%;slafIam lrk fudyqf.a b.ekaùu

tla w;lska fN!;sl jdohla f,i ie,lsh yels nj yd wfkla w;g fuu ima;

mod¾:hkag ks;H" wúmßKdó" iaÓr meje;aula wdfrdamKh lr we;s fyhska ks;H

wd;auhla ms<s.ekSu f,i o ye`Èkaúh yels nj'

• ta wkqj fudyq Ydiaj;jdÈhl= f,i o ye`Èkaúh yels nj'

• fn!oaO b.ekaùug wkqj wúmßKdóh ks;H jQ lsis u fohla iaÓr j fkdmj;sk nj'

• f,dalfha ieu fohla u fya;=m%;Hh ixl,kfhka ygf.k we;s neúka ima; mod¾:hka

o thg wh;a jk fyhska tajdfha o iaÓr meje;aula fkdue;s nj'

• ;shqKq ie;lska hfula hul=f.a ysi isÈkafka kï thska lsisjl= úiska lsisjl=

>d;kh fkdflfrkafka hehs fu;=ud lrk b.ekaùï uÕska ls%hdfjys j.lSu mqoa.,hd

fj;ska uq`Mukska u bj;a jk nj'

• ;ud úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk ieu ifÉ;k ls%hdjl u j.lSu ;ud i;= jk nj

fmkajd fok nqÿiuh jerÈ ls%hdj,g mqoa.,hd fkdfmdf,dUjñka iudc iodpdr

j¾Okhka i|yd fhduq lrjk nj'

• ml=O lÉpdhkf.a o¾Ykh o wlsßhjdohla neúka mqoa.,hd ÿrdpdrhg fhduq lrk"

ck iudch ;=< fkdfhla .eg¨ ks¾udKh lrk b.ekaùula f,i ±laúh yels nj'

ixch fn,a,ÜÀmq;a;(

• n%yaucd, iq;%hg wkqj fudyqf.a b.ekaùu wurdúlafÄmjdoh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

tjka;sms fï fkda

;:d;sms fï fkda

w[a[;d;sms fï fkda

fkda ;sms fï fkda

fkda fkda ;sms fï fkda'''''' hkdÈ f,iska th ±lafjk nj

• ixch fn,a,ÜÀmq;a;f.a o¾Ykfhka uyckhd úlaIsma;shg ^úlafÄmx& m;a jk

neúka fuh idu[a[ M, iQ;%fha úlafÄmjdoh f,i ye`Èkafjk nj'

• wurd úlafÄmjdoh ixihjdoh f,i o ye¢kafjk nj

• i;a;ajhdf.a urKska u;= meje;au" mrf,dj" l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkaf.a M, úmdl

wdÈh ms<sn`o úuik ,ÿj ksYaÑ; ms<s;=rla fkd §u ixchf.a ms<sfj; jQ nj'

• fujeks m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fkd §fï fya;= y;rla nqÿiuh fmkajd§ we;s nj'

• —uqidjdoNhd uqidjdo mßfÊ.=ÉPd˜ hkqfjka oelafjk mßÈ ms<s;=re ksjerÈ

fkdjqjfyd;a bka uqidjdohla isÿ jk neúka Bg we;s Nh yd wlue;a; ksid ms<s;=re

fkd ÿka nj'

14

• —Wmdodk Nhd Wmdodk mßfÊ.=ÉPd˜ hkqfjka oelafjk mßÈ ms<s;=re lrK fldg

f.k hï Wmdodkhla fõ kï Bg we;s Nh yd wlue;a; ksid ms<s;=re fkd ÿka nj'

• wkqfhda. Nhd wkqfhda. mßfÊ.=ÉPd˜ ms<s;=re fokq ,nk l,ays hfula m%Yak

úpdrkafka kï" tfia m%Yak lrkq ,eîug we;s Nh yd wlue;a; ksid ms<s;=re fkd

ÿka nj'

• —ukaoka;d fuduQyka;d˜ kqjK u| neúka" fnfyúka u fudav neúka tjeks m%Yakj,g

ms<s;=re §fï Yla;shla ke;s ksid ms<s;=re fkd ÿka nj'

• fuu lreKq i;ßka lskï fyda lreKla ksid ms<s;=rla fkd §u' fï ldrKh fufia

hehs ug woyila ke;" ̂ tajka;sms fï fkda& fï ldrKh tfia u hehs o ug woyila

ke;" ^;:d;sms fï fkda& fï ldrKh fjk ieáhlska hehs o ug woyila ke;"

^w[a[:d;sms fï fkda& fï ldrKh ke;ehs o uf.a woyila ke;" ^fkda ;sms fï

fkda & fï ldrKh ke;af;a ke;ehs o ug woyila ke; ̂ fkda fkda ;sms fï fkda''''''&

hkqfjka jdpdúlafIamhla fyj;a meg,s,s iy.; jpk yrUhla mEula muKla nj'

• m%Yakj,g ksis ms<s;=re fkd §u wf{ahjdÈhl=f.a ,laIKhla nj'

• ixchf.a o¾Ykh fnfyúka wmeyeÈ,s jQ;a nqoaêf.dapr fkdjQ;a b.ekaùula nj'

• lskï úuqla;shla msKsi lskï m%;smodjla jvkafka oehs wmeyeÈ,s neúka Y%djlhka

uq<djg fy<k b.ekaùula nj'

• úÑlsÉPdj" ielh" úu;sh" ixYh" úuqla;s idOkfhys ,d kSjrKh hkak fn!oaO

b.ekaùu nj'

• iodpdr O¾u ixrlaIKh msKsi fuu b.ekaùfuka lsis ÿ msájy,la fkd ,efnk

nj'

• wruqKla ke;s" meyeÈ,s wjidkhla ke;s" wd.u oyula Wfoid m%;smodjla jeãu

wkjYH ksr¾:l lghq;a;la nj'

ks.KaGkd;mq;a; (

• ffck uydùr hkqfjka o fuu Ydia;Djrhd y÷kajk nj'

• p;=hdu ixjrjdoh" mqífíl; fya;=jdoh" ldhoKav jdoh yd wd;aujdoh Tyqf.a

uQ,sl b.ekaùula jk nj'

iínjdß jdßf;dap fyda;s

iínjdß hqf;dap fyda;s

iínjdß Oqf;dap fyda;s

iínjdß Mqfgda p fyda;s

• hkqfjka ish¨ we,aÈfhka je<lSu" ish¨ u ixjrfhka hqla; ùu" ish¨ u mõ

j<ld,Su yd fudalaIh iam¾Y lsÍu hkq fudyqf.a p;=hdu ixjrh nj'

• ish¨ iem ÿla fmr lrk ,o l¾uhg wkqj isÿ fõ h hkak mqífíl;fya;=jdoh

nj'

• fmr l< l¾u f.jd oeófuka iy kj l¾u fkd lsÍfuka ÿlska ksoyia jk nj'

• ldhoKav" jÖoKav" ufkdaoKav hkqfjka ;s%úO oKavhla we;s w;r ldhoKavh

jvd;a m%n, hhs fu;=ud b.ekajQ nj'

• ks;H jQ kj idxl%ñl wd;auhla we;s nj'

15

• nqÿiuh wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au isoaOdka; uÕska wd;aóh ks;H wúmßKdó mod¾:j,

meje;au neyer lrk neúka ffck ks;H wd;aujdoh ì`ojefgk nj'

• p;=hdu ixjrh" mru wúysxidjdoh wdÈ ffck m%;smodj m%dfhda.sl Ôjk o¾Ykhla

fyda úuqla;s ud¾.hla fyda fkd jk nj'

• ish¨ ldhsl" jdpisl" udkisl l%shd i`oyd fÉ;kdj m%uqL fõ h hk nqÿoyfï

b.ekafjk ñksia l%shdldrlïj, udkisl moku uÕska ffck ldhoKav jdoh

ì`ojefgk nj'

• ish,a, fmr lrk ,o l¾uhg wkqj isÿ jkafka kï ffck m%;smodfõ tk

w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h o mQ¾jlD; l¾uM, f,i nqÿoyu uÕska b.ekafjk nj'

• nqÿiuh l¾u úmdl isoaOdka;h ms<s.;a; o mqífíl;fya;=jdoh imqrd m%;slafIam

lrk nj'

• w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h ̃ ÿlafLda wkßfhda wk;a: ixysf;da ˜ hkqfjka ÿlaL" wkd¾h"

ksjkg fya;= fkdjk m%;smodjla f,i nqÿiuh uÕska neyer flfrk nj'

• máÉpiuqmamdoh uÕska ffck wd;aujdoh;a" uOHu m%;smodj uÕska w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h;a

neyer jk nj'

Y%uK ixialD;sfha wkkH;d ,laIK(

• i;a;ajhd yd f,dalh ms<sn| BYajr ks¾udKjdoh neyer l< nj'

• fõoh mru i;Hh f,i ms<s.;a n%dyauK b.ekaùu neyer l< nj'

• ish¨ f,!lsl f,daflda;a;r iem msKsi hd.h w¾: iïmkak ixialdrhla f,i

ms<s.;a n%dyauK u;h neyer l< nj'

• úuqla;sh msKsi M,odhS m%;smodj l¾u ud¾.h fkdj {dk ud¾.h jeãu f,i ms<s.;a

nj'

• n%yaup¾hdj yd wk.dßl m%;smodj ms<s.;a nj'

• Ñka;k ksoyi .re lsÍu" ldka;d ksoyi w.h lsÍu" Wm; mokï lr.;a iudc

j¾.SlrKhka neyer lsÍu wdÈh Y%uK ixialD;sfha wkkH;d ,laIK f,i ie,lsh

yels nj'

n%dyauK ixialD;sfha wkkH;d ,laIK(

• i;a;ajhd yd f,dalh ms<sn| BYajr ks¾udKjdoh ms<s.;a nj'

• ta wkqj uyn%yau" uyd mqreI ixl,amh yd th mokï fldg f.k ks¾udKh lrk ,o

j¾KdY%u O¾u wdÈh ÈjHuh m%Njhla f,i oelajQ nj'

• fõo .%ka: mru i;H f,i ms<s.;a nj'

• hd.h" mqoi;aldr" .S;sld .dhkh wdÈh uq,a lr.;a l¾u ud¾.h f,!lsl f,daflda;a;r

iem msKsi taldhk ud¾.h f,i ms<s.;a nj'

• w.dßl m%;smodj ms<s.;a nj'

• mqoa., iajÉPkao;dj" iajdëk;ajh foaj ks¾udKjdohg hgm;a l< nj'

• ckaóh idOl u; mqoa.,hd Wiia yd my;a hkqfjka ;SrKh jQ nj'

• ldka;djf.a foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" idudðl" wd.ñl ksoyi wyqrd ;enQ nj'

16

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udK uek ne,Sfï ks¾Kdhl

ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod .; yels h'

1' Ndr;Sh Y%uK .=rel=,j, b.ekaùï we;=<;a fmd;a msxpla ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' zY%uK .=rel=," fn!oaO Y%uKhkaf.a b.ekaùï yd iudc ixialD;shZ hk uefhka

újdohla mj;ajkak'

3' ish¨ u Y%uK iïm%odhj, b.ekaùï we;=<;a jk fia flá m%Yakdj,shla ks¾udKh

lrkak'

4' zfn!oaO Y%uK iïm%odhfha iqúfYaI;dZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a ñks;a;= 20 l § úpdrhla

,shkak'

5' n%dyauK ixialD;sfha yd Y%uK ixialD;sfha mej;s úfYaI;d ms<sn| j.=jla ms<sfh<

lrkak'

n%dyauK ixialD;sh Y%uK ixialD;sh

6' ks.KaGkd;mq;a; ;=udf.a b.ekaùïj, we;s w¾: úrys; nj;a nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a

b.ekaùïj, mj;akd w¾:dkaú; nj;a fjka fjka j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

mßYS,khg

• idu[a[M, iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• OïufÉ;sh iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• Wmd,s iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• foajoy iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• h[a[ iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• i;a;cá, iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• iñoaê iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• ulaL,S iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• tallksmd;h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• flailïn, iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• kdkd;s;aÓh iQ;%h - Wodk md,sh

• pQ, iqNoaod l;d jia;=j - OïumoÜG l;dj

• fiaÅhd O¾u - NslaIq m%d;sfudalaIh

• Ndr;Sh ixialD;sl b;sydih - frda,skaika ̂ 1959& wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

• nqoaO O¾uh - iudch yd ixialD;sh - w;a;=vdfõ rdyq, ysñ

17

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaO ld,Sk wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl yd

wd¾Ól miqìu úu¾Ykd;aul j olshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh foaYmd,k jHQyh yd ls%hdldß;ajh .fõIKh

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 21 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh foaYmd,k miqìu ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs'

• rdcdKavq yd iuQydKavq l%uj, idOkSh ,laIK fuka u .eg¨ o wjfndaO lr .ekSug

fm,fUhs'

• md,lhka iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs'

• mßmd,k lghq;=j, § fkd.eà ls%hd lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

m%d.a fn!oaO foaYmd,k jHQyh ilia ù ;snQ wdldrh yd nqÿiuh my< jQ ls%ia;= mQ¾j 6 jk

ishjfia Ndr;Sh foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh y÷kajdfoñka nqÿ rÿka iuld,Sk md,lhka iuÕ

mej;s in|;d .fõIKh lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

fidf<dia uyd ckmo

• ls%'mQ' 8 jk ishjfia fm!r rdcH ì| jeàu yd w. k.rh udreùu ksid o m%dfoaYsl

rcjre úiska l=vd l=vd rdcH msysgqjd .ekSu ksid o ckmo fidf<dila we;s jQ nj'

• wx." u.O" ldis" fldai," jÊð" u,a," fÉ;s" j;ai" l=re" mxpd," u;aiH" iQrfiak"

wiail" wjka;s" .kaOdr" ldïfndac ta ckmo fidf<di jk nj'

rdcdKavq l%uh

• u.O" fldai," j;ai" wjka;s f,i m%n, rdcdKav q i;rla mej;s nj'

• tu rdcHj, mej;s uQ,sl ,laIK my; i|yka tajd nj'

uyrc flkl= úiska md,kh lsÍu'

fndfyda úg msh mq;= mrmqfrka rc moúh Wreu ùu'

jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl" wêlrK n,;, rcqg ysñ ùu' rc;=ud kS;s mekùu"

kS;s ls%hd;aul lrùu yd o``vqjï meñKùu'

hqjrc" mqfrdays;" wêlrK kdhl" fiakdêm;s uÕska n,h ls%hd;aul ùu'

ÿ¾j, wi,ajeis rdcHj, md,lhka mrojd ;u n,h mq¿,a lr .ekSug

zu;aiH kHdhZ ls%hd;aul lsÍu'

• ta wkqj rdcHh" uydrdcHh" uyd wêrdcH ks¾udKh jQ nj'

md

18

u.O rdcHh (

• W;=frka .x`.d kÈh o kefÕkysßka pïmd kÈh o ksßf;ka úkaOHd l`ÿjeáh o

ngysßka fidaK kÈh o iSud fldg.;a m%foaYh u.O foaYhg wh;a jQ nj'

• rc.y kqjr u.Ofhys w.kqjr jQ w;r" ìñìidr yd wcdi;a hk rcjreka nqoaO

ld,Sk md,lhka jQ nj'

• fõNdr" fõmq,a," .sÊCOl+g" bis.s,s" mdKavj hk m¾j; mylska jg ù msysàu ksid

th z.sßíncZ hk kñka o m%lg j mej;s nj'

• úúO l%u uÕska ióm rdcH hg;a fldg f.k ish n,h mq¿,a lr.ekSu i`oyd l%shd

l< ìïìidr rc wêrdcHhla f.dvkÕd .ekSug jEhï l< merKs u Ndr;Sh md,lhd

f,i o ie,flk nj'

fldai, rdcHh (

• ngysrska m[apd, rg o ol=Kska .x.d kÈh o kefÕkysßka iodkSrd ̂ .KavlS& kÈh

o W;=ßka fkamd,sh l`ÿlr fmfoi o iSud fldg.;a m%foaYh fldai,hg wh;a jQ nj'

• uq,a wjêfha § ÿ¾j, rdcHhla j meje;s fldai,h miq ld,Sk j jvd;a m%n, jQ nj

• th nrKei yd idfla; rdcHh o we;=<;a úYd, m%foaYhla mqrd me;sr .sh nj yd tys

w.kqjr idj;aÓ jQ nj'

• mfiak§ fldfid,a rc;=ud tys nqoaO ld,Sk md,lhd jQ nj'

j;ai rdcHh (

• j;ai ckmoh wjka;s rgg W;=frka huqkd k§ ;Srfha msysgd ;snQ nj'

• fldaiïìh fyj;a fldiUE kqjr tys w.k.rh jQ nj'

• mrka;m rcqf.a mq;a Wfoak rcq tys nqoaO ld,Sk md,lhd jQ nj'

wjka;s rdcHh (

• oUÈj uOH m%foaYfhka ol=Kq ÈYdfjys msysá nqoaO ld,Sk rdcHhla nj'

• nqoaO ld,Sk md,lhd jQfha pKavmamÊfcda; rcq nj'

• Wfoaksh tys w.kqjr jQ nj'

• W;a;r wjka;sh yd olaIsK wjka;sh jYfhka fuh fldgia follg fn§ mej;s nj'

19

iuQydKavq l%uh (

• fuh tl, ye`ÈkajQfha .K;ka;% rdcH jYfhka nj'

• jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl' wêlrK hk ;s%úO n,;," lKavdhula uÕska ls%hd;aul lsÍu

iuQydKavqjl ,laIKh nj'

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha jÊð yd u,a, jYfhka m%Odk .K;ka;% rdcH folla mej;s

nj'

• m%dfoaYSh md,lhka iuQyhla tla j iduQysl j idlÉPd fldg" iduQysl j ;SrK f.k"

ls%hd;aul lsÍu .K;ka;% md,khl úfYaI ,laIKhla nj'

• ima; wmßydkSh O¾u mokï fldg.;a id¾:l .K;ka;% md,k l%uhla nqoaO ld,Sk

jÊð rdcHfhys ls%hd;aul jQ nj yd th nqÿ rÿkaf.a m%Yxidjg ,la jQ nj'

jÊð rdcHh (

• .x.d kÈhg W;=ßka msysá rdcHhla f,i ie,flk fuys foaYiSud meyeÈ,s j i`oyka

fkdjk nj'

• jÊð" ,sÉPú" úfoay" {d;l" W.%" fNda." ftiaj;" fl!rj hk jxY wglska iukaú;

ck;djla úiQfha hehs úh;=ka ms<sf.k we;s nj'

• fuys w. k.rh úYd,d uykqjr jQ nj'

• l+gd.dr Yd,dj" Wfoak" f.da;ul" i;a;ïN" idrkaoo" pdmd, yd nyqmq;a; wdÈ

ffp;Hhka o f.daisx.id, yd wïnmd,S jfkdaoHdk o nqÿka jykafia wjika ji

úiQ fí¨j .%duh o fuys msysgd ;snQ nj'

u,a, rdcHh (

• ngysßka YdlH ckmoh o ol=Kska jÊð rg o fuys iSudj jk nj'

• u,a, rdcH" fldaiskdrld yd mdfjhshl hk fldgia follska hqla; j mej;s nj'

• fldaiskdrdfõ w.kqjr l=iskdrd jk w;r mdfjhsfhys w.kqjr mdjd nj'

• Tlaldl jdxYsl rdcdKavqjla j mej;s fuys miq j iuQydKavqjla we;s jQ nj'

• Wmj;a;k i,a Whk yd wkqmsh wU jkh fuys msysgd ;sfnk nj'

20

nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh md,lhka yd nqÿrcdKka jykafia w;r meje;s iïnkaO;d

• nqoaO ld,Sk u.O foaYfha md,lhd jQ ìñìidr rcq nqÿrcdKka jykafia iuÕ nqoaO;ajhg

fmr isg u ñ;%;ajhla meje;a jQ nj'

• nqoaO;ajfhka miq j ìñìidr rcqg oyï foiSu i`oyd nqÿ rcdKka jykafia jevu l<

nj'

• ;sfrdal=âV iQ;%h fiaksh ìïìidr rcq i|yd foaYkd l< nj'

• fõ¿jk Whk ìïìidr rcq úiska nqÿ rcdKka jykafia fj; mQcd lrk ,o w;r"

th m%:u wdrdu mQcdj f,i ie,flk nj'

• ìïìidr rcqf.a b,a,Su u; rdc Nghka meúÈ fkd l< hq;= hehs wkqoek jod< nj'

• ìïìidr rc;=udf.a b,a,Su mßÈ Wfmdai: l¾uh wkqoek jod< nj wo;a;dodk

mdrdðldj mekjQ nj'

• idu[a[M, iQ;%h wcdi;a rcq wrNhd foaYkd l< nj'

• iqkSO yd jiaildr weu;sjreka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu i|yd wcdi;a rcq úiska nqÿ

rcdKka jykafia fj; fhduq lrk ,o nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia jiaidk ld, úismyla fldai,fha .; l< nj'

• ;uka nqÿ rcdKka jykafia iuÕ lreKq lsysmhlska iudk hehs fldfid,a rcq mjid

we;s nj'

• fldfid,a rcq wrNhd iQ;% rdYshla foaYkd lr we;s nj'

• fldfid,a rcq ks;r ks;r nqÿ rcdKka jykafia iuÕ O¾u idlÉPdjkays ksr; jQ nj'

• rcqf.a fm!oa.,sl m%Yak úi|d .ekSug mjd nqÿ rcdKka jykafia msysg jQ nj'

• msKafvda, Ndroajdc f;rekaf.ka O¾uh wid Wfoak rcq f;rejka irK .sh nj'

• Wfoak rc;=udf.a Nøj;sld we;skak wrNhd l<.=K ie,elSfï w.h foaYkd l< nj'

• uydlÉpdk f;reka jykafiaf.a O¾uh wid pKavmÊfcda; rcq f;rejka irK .sh

nj'

• jÊð rdcHhg wh;a úYd,d uykqjr ;=ka ìh ÿre lsÍug nqÿ rcdKka jykafia r;k

iQ;%h foaYkd l< nj'

• jÊÔkag ima; wmßydkSh O¾u foaYkd l< nj'

• jÊÔkaf.a l+gd.dr Yd,dj nqÿ rÿka ksrka;r jev isá ia:dkhla nj'

• u,a, rcorejkaf.a wU jkfha nqÿ rcdKka jykafia jev isák w;r tys § YdlH

l=udrjrekaf.a meúoao isÿ jQ nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia l=iskdrdfõ u,a, rcorejkaf.a Wmj;a;k i,a Whkg msßksjka

mEu i|yd jevu l< nj'

21

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' zfidf<dia uyd ckmoj, m%NjhZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a ì;a;s mqj;am;g ,smshla

ilia lrkak'

2' rdcdKavq yd iuQydKavq l%uj, iqúfYaI ,laIK fjka fjka j j.=.; lrkak'

3' nqÿ rcdKka jykafia iuÕ md,lhka meje;ajQ iïnkaO;dj lreKq jYfhka f.dkq

lrkak'

4' uyd rdcHhj, md,lhka" rdcH yd w.k.r fjka fjka j j.=jla uÕska bÈßm;a

lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

5' fidf<dia uyd ckmo yd ta i|yd j¾;udkfha Ndú; lrk ku fidhd ;u igyka

fmdf;ys igyka lr .ekSug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

6' fidf<dia uyd ckmoj, nqÿoyu jHdma; j mej;s njg ms<s.; yels WodyrK ms<sn|

f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

• idu[a[M, iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• uydmßksíndk iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• OïufÉ;sh iQ;%h - uʯu ksldh

• fldai, ixhq;a;h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• Wfmdai:LkaOlh - uydj.a.md,sh

• Wiia fm< fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh 1 - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

• nqoaO pß;h - n<xf.dv wdkkaoffu;%S udysñ ^1933&

fld<U ;reK fn!oaO ix.uh

• fn!oaO Ndr;h - Íia fâúâia ̂ 2009&" wkqjdoh Toïúg Oïufcda;s ysñ"

fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh

• nqoaO O¾uh" iudch yd ixialD;sh - w;a;=vdfõ rdyq, ysñ

• wisßu;a bkaÈhdj - ta' t,a' nIdï ^1962&

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh pkaÈu úfÊnKavdr

uQ,O¾u yd jxYl:dj tÉ'tï'fudrgqj.u ^1990&

iSudiys; f,alayjqia bkafjiaÜukaÜ

• iQ;% O¾u wOHhkh - mS' ùr;=x. ^2011& jdikd l=udß Èidkdhl"

iafldÜ,ka;h

22

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaO ld,Sk wd.ñl" idudðl" foaYmd,ksl yd

wd¾Ól miqìu úu¾Ykd;aul j olshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4 ( ls%' mQ' 6 jk ishjfia wd¾Ól miqìu ye¢k .kshs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 21 hs'

bf.kqï m,(

• ls%' mQ' yhjeks ishjfia wd¾Ól miqìu úia;r lrhs'

• iudc wjYH;d wkqj úúO jD;a;s ìys jk nj ms<s.kshs'

• nqoaO ld,Sk ðjk jD;a;sj, kdudj,shla ms<sfh, lrhs'

• wod< jD;a;sj, ld¾hlaIu j lghq;= lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

ls%' mq' 6 jk ishjfia Ndr;fha meje;s wd¾Ól miqìug mdol jQ lDIs wd¾Ólh" fjf<|du

yd fjk;a l¾udka; ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd§u fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

jdKsclrKh yd kd.ÍlrKh

• ls%'mQ' 6 jk ishjfia Ndr;Sh iudch Ofkdamdhkfha § lDIsl¾udka;h" i;a;aj

md,kh" úúO .Dyia: l¾udka;" rdcH fiajh fuka u jdKscHh fyj;a fjf<|du o

m%Odk udOH f,i Ndú; l< nj'

• rdc.y" idfla;" fldaiïì" ndrdKis hk k.r uy k.r f,i ks¾udKh jQ nj'

• uOqrd" pïmd" fõid,s" WÊfÊks wdÈh o kd.ßl mßirhl mej;s nj'

• rdcHhka w;r yd ck fldgia w;r mej;s ksrka;r hqo .egqï ksid jdKscH ksIamdok

i|yd b,a¨u jeä jQ nj'

• ÿ¾j, md,lhka mrojd rcjreka n,h jHdma; lsÍfï § hqoaO yuqodjg jeo.;a

ia:dkhla ysñ ùu" hqoafOdamlrK fuka u hqoaO i|yd k.r ia:dmkh lsÍu" k.r we;s

ùu;a iuÕ ck;dj k.r lrd we§ tau ksid k.rdYs%; j ck.ykh j¾Okh ùu yd

ksIamdokhg jvd mßfNdackh jeä ùu' ta wkqj .ïj, ksmojk mdßfNda.sl NdKav

k.r lrd f.k tAu isÿ jQ nj'

• NdKav yqjudre fjkqjg uqo,a Ndú;hg l%ufhka yqre ùu uÕska uiai" wvuiai"

lyjKq jeks f,day ldis" Ndú;h iudch ;=< jHdma; ùu yd kj fjf<| mka;sh ìys

jQ nj'

-

23

• Ndr;fha foaYSh ud¾. moaO;sh ÈhqKq ù wka;¾cd;sl iuqø ud¾. yd noaO ùu" f.dvìï

ud¾. yd iuqø ud¾. Tiafia fjf<|dï lghq;= isÿlsÍu" iqmamdrl" NdrElÉp yd

;du%,sma;s jeks fjf<| jrdh ìysùu" iq`M yd uyd mßudK fjf<|dï lghq;= ÈhqKq ùu

l%ufhka j¾Okh jQQ nj'

• W;aij ieKfl<s fuka u iqrdie,a o .Ksld jD;a;sh jeks lghq;= o jHdma; jQ nj'

• fjf<|dfuka Okh Wmhd.;a ffjYHhka fjf<| fYa%Ks jYfhka ixúOdkh ù tys

kdhlhd isgq ;;a;ajhg m;ajQ nj'

• ixpdrl fjf<|du" mÈl fjf<|du" ia:djr fjf<|du" foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|du

iq̀M" uOH yd uyd mßudK fjf<|du jYfhka fjf<| lghq;= ÈhqKq jQ w;r fjf<÷ka

jD;a;Sh jYfhka ixúOdk.; ùu f;la j¾Okh jQ nj'

• ieje;a kqjr isg idfla;" fldiUE" úÈid" Wfoaks yryd tla fjf<| udj;la o ieje;a

kqjr isg rc.y kqjr f;la lms,jia;=j" l=iskdrdj" úid,dj" me<¨ma kqjr yryd

;j;a fjf<| udj;la o nrKei isg fõrxcdj f;la ;j;a fjf<| udj;la o jYfhka

fjf<| udj;a ;=kla ;snQ nj'

lDIsl¾uh (

• wd¾h ckdjdi wdrïNhg fmr isg u lDIsl¾udka;h m%n, Ôjk jD;a;shla j mej;s

nj'

• fn!oaO idys;Hd.; uQ,dY%h wkqj zn;Z Ndr;Sh ckhdf.a m%Odk wdydrh jQ nj'

• zn;Z ´ok kdufhka ye¢kajQ nj'

• mqoa., kduj,g mjd ´ok hkak we;=<;a jQ nj'

• liSNdroajdc iQ;%h we;=`M fndfyda iQ;%j, lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= ms<sn| j i`oyka ù

we;s nj'

• l+goka; iQ;%fhys i|yka jk wdldrhg lDIsl¾udka;fha fhfok f.dùkag

rdcdkq.%yh ,ndÈh hq;= nj'

• rcq iyNd.s jk jeo.;a W;aijhla f,i jmauÕ=, isÿ lrk ,o nj'

• fl;aj;=j,g wêm;s jQ rc l=,h zL;a;shZ kñka ye¢ka jQ nj'

• u.O fl;ahdfha wdlD;shg wkqj fn!oaO NslaIQkaf.a isjqre ilid .;a nj'

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha ÈhqKq jdßud¾. moaO;s mej;s nj yd c,h ms<sn| j we;s jQ

.eg¨j, § nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ueÈy;a jQ nj'

fjf<|du (

• fuys jdKsclrKh yd kd.ßllrKh hk isria;, hgf;a fjf<|dug wod<

f;dr;=re rdYshla by;ska i|yka fldg we;s nj'

• nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha m%Odk Ofkdamdhk ud¾.hla f,i fjf<|du mej;s nj'

• fjf<|du foaYSh yd úfoaYSh jYfhka mej;s nj'

• fjf<|dfuka úYd, Okhla Wmojd .;a wh fiÜÀ fyj;a isgqjreka kñka y÷kajd

ÿka nj

• nqÿ iiqkg úYd, jYfhka isgqjr fjf<`o mka;sfhka wkq.%y ,eî we;s nj'

24

fjk;a l¾udka; (

• lDIsl¾udka;h yd fjf<|du yereKq úg Ôúld jD;a;s jYfhka fjk;a úúO

l¾udka; mej;s nj'

• idu[a[M, iQ;%fha oS tl, iudcfhys meje;s l¾udka; rdYshla ms<sn`o j i`oyka j

we;s nj'

• yia;s Ys,am" wYaj Ys,am" Okq Ys,am" u,a l¾udka;h" l=U,a l¾udka;h" fmaIldr"

iaj¾Kldr" oKavlïu" odrelïu hkdosh thska lsysmhla nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' nqoaO ld,Sk Ôjk jD;a;s ms<sn| kdudj,shla ilia lrkak'

2' nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha mej;s fjf<odu ms<sn| j mka;s ldurfha § lrk l;djl

msgm;la ilikak'

3' kd.ßlrKfha yd jdKsclrKfha jdis yd wjdis j.=.; lrkak'

4' nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha jdKsclrKh yd kd.ßllrKh flfrys n,mdk m%Odk idOl

f,aLk.; lrkak'

5' nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha ÈhqKq lDIs wd¾Ól Ôjk rgdjla mej;=Kq njg yels ;dla

lreKq /ia lrjd mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

6' zwd¾Ól iuDoaêh i|yd iodpdr iuDoaêhg ydks lr .ekSu wkqjKlulsZ hk f;audj

Tiafia ,smshla ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

• w.a.[a{ iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• l+goka; iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• idu[a[M, iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• liSNdroajdc iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• rÊc iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• Ndr;fha uq,a wjia:dj - ðkodi lmqf.a

• fn!oaO Ndr;h - Íia fâúâia

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh uQ,O¾u yd - pkaÈu úfÊnKavdr

jxY l:dj tï' tï' fudrgqj.u

• Wiia fm< fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh 1 - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

25

• fn!oaO wd¾Ól o¾Ykh - fn,s.,af,a Oïufcda;s ysñ ^1993&

r;ak m%ldYlfhda

• uq,a nqÿ iufhka fy<sjk

wd¾Ól o¾Ykh - O¾ufiak fyÜáwdrÉÑ ^1994&

wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh uq,a hq.h - frcs ùruka ^1985&

tï'ã' .=Kfiak iud.u" fld<U'

• nqÿ iufha foaYmd,k Ñka;kh - tia ohd m%kdkaÿ ^1984&

tia' f.dvf.a uqøKd,h

• rdcH md,khg fn!oaO Wmfoia - O¾ufiak fyÜáwdrÉÑ

.=Kfiak uy;ka;%sf.a

• Dictionary of pali proper names - G.P. Malalasekara.(1983)Vol-1,2

New Dilhi Oriented Books

26

ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a yd mrudo¾YS Y%djl- Y%dúldjkaf.a úYsIag

pß; ,laIK wOHhkh lr wdo¾Yhg .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a iqúfYaI .=K yd úYsIag pß; ,CIK

wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 30 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a fY%aIaG;ajh y÷kd .kshs'

úYsIag nqÿ.=K pß;dhkhg fm,fUhs'

nqÿ.=K m%lg jk ks¾udKlrKfhys fhfohs'

ieoeye is;ska wdñi yd m%;sm;a;s mQcdj, kshef<hs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a W;=ï kj wrydÈ nqÿ .=K fukau uyd lreKdj uyd m%{dj wdÈ

fiiq .=Kdx.hka o Wka jykafiaf.a úYsIag pß; ,CIK o úia;rd;aul wOHhkhlg fhduq

lrjñka" tajd mqoa., pß; yev.iajd,Sfuys ,d Wmldr lr .ekSug wjldY ie,iSu fuhska

wfmaCIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

kj wrydoS nqÿ .=K

zzb;sms fida N.jd wryx iïudiïnqoafOda

úÊcdprK iïmkafkda iq.f;da f,dalú¥

wkq;a;frdagmqßioïuidrÒ

i;a:d foaj ukqiaidkx nqoafOda N.jdZZ

nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;Sh iudch ;=< nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ms<sn| uy;a lS¾;shla me;sr ;snQ

nj'

fndfyda iQ;%j, we;=<;a fuu iqúfYaI .=K kj wrydÈ nqÿ .=K f,i jHjydrhg

meñK we;s nj'

wryx" iïud iïnqoaO" úÊcdprKiïmkak" iq.;" f,dalú¥" wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ"

i;a:dfoajukqiaidkx" nqoafOda" N.jd hkq ta nqÿ .=K kjh nj'

wryx

ish¨ flf,iaj,ska ÿre jQ neúka o" ixidr pl%fha wr is|Æ neúka o flf,ia i;=rka

keiQ neúka o ryia fkdue;s neúka ^k ryx hiai fid wryx& tkï ryiska fyda mõ

fkd lrk neúka o ish¨ mQcdjkag iqÿiq jQ fyhska o nqÿ rcdKka jykafia zwryxZ

hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nk nj'

27

ryi;a mõ fkdfldg

flf,irhkq;a ÿre fldg

ksis jQfhka mqog

wry hhs ku lsh;s uqks÷g

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

hkqfjka wryx nqÿ.=Kh úia;r flfrk nj'

• dwqsdsa

iïud iïnqoaO

uekúka ;ud u wjfndaO lf<a h" wjfndaO lrhs" wjfndaO lrkafkah" ^iïud

ihfuj wnqÊCê" nqÊCO;s" nqÊCêiai;S;s iïudiïnqoafOda& hk wre;ska nqÿrcdKka

jykafia iïud iïnqoaO jk nj'

oek.; hq;= ish¨ O¾u oek f.k wjfndaO l< neúka o" idlaId;a l< hq;= ish¨ O¾u

idlaId;a l< neúka o" jeäh hq;= ish¨ O¾u jeäh hq;= O¾u f,i jevQ neúka o" m%ySK

l< hq;= ish¨ O¾u" m%ySK l< hq;= O¾u f,i m%ySK l< neúka o znqoaOZ kï jk

nj yd tajd ;ud úiska u isÿ lrk ,o neúka iïud iïnqoaO hehs lshk nj'

;=ka l,ays u mej;s

more;a ish,a f,dj we;s

w;eUq, fi oek .;s

thska iïud iïnqÿk fh;s

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

úcacdprK iïmkak

wIag úoHdfjka o" mif<dia prK O¾ufhka o hqla; jQ neúka nqÿ rcdKka

jykafia zúÊcdprK iïmkakZ kdufhka y÷kajkq ,nk nj'

wIag úoHd hkq

úmiaikd[dKh

ufkdauhboaê[dKh

boaêúO[dKh

osínfida;[dKh

mrÑ;a;úcdkk[dKh

mqífíksjdidkqiai;s[dKh

osínplaLq[dKh

wdijlaLh[dKh

f,i olajd we;s nj

^wïngG iQ;%h" oS'ks&

28

mif<dia prK O¾u hkq

iS, iïmkak ùu

jeiqKq bkaøshoajdr ;sîu

fNdackfhys muK oekSu

ks¢ jeÍfuys fhoSu

Y%oaOdj

ysß

T;a;mam

nyqY%e; nj

ù¾hh

isys we;s nj

m%{dj ̂ Woh;a:.dñKS&

m%:uOHdkh

oaú;ShOHdkh

;D;ShOHdkh

p;=¾:OHdkh nj

^fiaL iQ;%h u'ks&

úoaoE keK wg o

mif<dia prK .=Kh o

we;sfhka t uqks i|

msreKq úÊcdprK kï ,o

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

iq.;

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia Ydiaj; yd wYdiaj; hk wka;oajhg fkd meñK iqkaor jQ ksjkg

.sh neúka o tu ksjkg hym;a wdldrfhka .sh neúka o" iqÿiq ;ek" iqÿiq jpk hym;a j

lshk neúka o ziq.;Z kdufhka ye¢kafjk nj'

hym;a fldg fh;e hs

iqkaor ;ekg iem;e hs

fid÷re nia lsh;e hs

lsh;s ta uqks rcqg iq.;e hs

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

f,dalú¥

• nqÿ rÿka f,dalh iajNdj jYfhka o f,dal iuqoh jYfhka o f,dal ksfrdaO jYfhka

o ksfrdaOh msKsi Wmdh jYfhka o ^ud¾.h jYfhka& hk ish¨ wdldrfhka f,dalh

okakd neúka o wjfndaO l< neúka o f,dalú¥ kï jk nj' ;j o ixLdr f,dal"

i;a;f,dal" Tldif,dal hk ;=kaf,dalh ieu whqßka u uekúka okakd neúka f,dalú¥

jk nj'

29

;=ka f,dj ;;= f,ig

±k f.k fkdo;a fu f,djg

foiqfhka kshu fldg

f,dalúÿ he hs lsh;s uqks÷g

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

wkq;a;r mqßioïuidrÓ

• wkq;a;r mqßioïuidr:s nqÿ.=Kh we;eï fmd;aj, wkq;a;r tla nqÿ.=Khla f,i o"

mqßioïuidrÒ ;j;a nqÿ.=Khla f,i o úia;r jk nj'

• nqÿ rÿkag jvd Wiia flkl= f,dj ke;s neúka o ish,a,kag u jvd fYa%IaG hk

wre;ska o" thg jvd jeä fohla ke;s Wiia u jQ ksjk wjfndaO l< fyhska o fYa%IaG

wioDIjQ hk wre;ska o mfianqÿ" wry;a wdÈ lsisjl=g idOdrK fkd jk neúka o" nqÿ

rcdKka jykafia wkq;a;r kï jk nj'

yeu .=Kfhka k|d

iu jeä i;l= yeu od

Èhf;ys ke;s i|d

wkq;a;r he hs lsh;s uqks|d

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

• oukh fkdjQ" fkd yslauqKd jQ mqreIhka"tkï ;sßika fõjd" ukqIH fõjd" wukqIH

fõjd i;a;ajhka oukh lsÍfuys yelshdj mqßioïu idrÓ nqÿ.=Kfhka lshefjk nj'

• nqÿ rÿka fkd ±uqKq mqreIhka oukfha § úúO Wmdh Wml%u Ndú; l< nj

• ;=ka nE cá,hka" iÉpl" fidaKoKav" wlafldail jeks ñksia mqreIhka o" wd,jl"

iqÑfrdau" Lrfrdau wdÈ wukqIH mqreIhka o" kd,d.sß" w.a.sisL" OQuisL" wm,d,kd.rdc

wdÈ ;sßika .; mqreIhka o jYfhka fufia úYd, msßila oukh lr we;s nj'

• fkd ±uqKq úúO mqoa.,hka oukh lsÍug nqÿ rÿkag ;snQ wiuiu yelshdj ksid Wka

jykafia zwkq;a;r mqßioïuidrÒZ hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'

nU iqr hl=ka ;o

oukh lr ;uka ,o

fi;a § uqks÷ i|

mqßioï idr;S kï ,o

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

30

i;a:dfoajukqiaidkx

• foúhka iys; f,dalhdg ÈÜGOïñl iïmrdhsl hk WNhd¾: isoaêh msKsi wkqYdikd

lrk neúka o ^ifojfl f,dfl idi;S;s i;a:d& foú ñksiqkag Ydia;Djrhd fuka

u .=rejrhd jk neúka o" nqÿ rcdKka jykafia zi;a:dZ ̂ i;a:dfojukqiaidkx& hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk nj'

nj l;ßka t;r

,kqfhka i;ka yeu jr

;sf,da.=re uqksjr

ù h i;a;d kñka mqj;r

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

nqoaO

• ish¨ ixL; O¾u yd wixL; O¾u wjfndaO lf<a h" wjfndaO lrhs" wjfndaO lrkafka

hk w¾:fhka nqÿ rcdKka jykafia znqoaOZ hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nk nj' ^iífí

ixL;dixL; Oïfu wnqÊCê" nqÊCO;s" nqÊCêiai;S;s nqoafOda&

• o; hq;= ish,a, wjfndaO l< neúka o" p;=rd¾h i;Hh ;uka jykafia u wjfndaO

fldg wkHhkag o wjfndaO lrjk fyhska o Wka jykafia znqoaOZ kï jk nj

• ish,a, okakd neúka o" i¾j{ neúka o" fjfkll= úiska wjfndaO fkd lrúh hq;=

ksid o" laIsKdY%j ksid o" ù;rd.S ksid o wdÈ fndfyda lreKq ksid znqoaOZ kï jk

nj ^pq,a,ksoafoaimd<s&

isjq iia ish keKska

±k ±kaù h l=¨Kska

ÿr,hs wkqjKska

t nqÿ kï ù h keK muKska

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

N.jd

• zN. ixLd;d Ouud wiai ika;S;s N.jdZ hkqfjka wgqjdfõ ±lafjk nj'

• zN.Z ,laIKh fyj;a" Nd.Hj;a nj" iuDoaêh" lS¾;sh hkdÈ .=K ork ;eke;a;d

zN.jdZkï jk nj'

N.S NÔ Nd.S úN;a;jd b;s

wldis N.a.ka;s .rEys Nd.Hjd

nyQys [dfhys iqNdú;;Af;da

Njka;f.d fid N.jd;sjqÉp;s

^Lqoaol ksldh - wÜG l:d&

31

N. O¾u we;af;a h" mkjk ,o fiakdikdÈh Nckh lf<a h" w¾:" O¾u" úuqla;s ri

Nd. we;af;a h" O¾uh úNd. úYaf,aIKh lf<a h" rd.dÈ flf,ia ì| ±uqfõ h" Nd.H

we;af;a h" Ndjkdfjka jvkd ,o is;a we;af;a h" Njfhys wka;hg .sfha h" hk

wre;ska o zN.jdZ kï jk nj'

N.jd hkq fYa%IaG kduhla neúka o" th W;=ï kduhla neúka o" Wka jykafia .re

f.!rjfhka hqla; jk neúka o zN.jdZ kï jkafka hehs o wgqjdfõ i|yka nj'

fnÿfhka oyï l|

nckh flf<ka .=K l|

n. oyñka ii|

neúka N.j;a ù h uqks i|

^nqÿ.=K w,xldrh&

uyd lreKdj

wkqkaf.a ÿl oel .=K Nß; yoj;la we;s whl= ;=< we;s jk ohdkqlïmdj

lreKdj nj'

—mrÿlafÄ i;s idOQkx yoh lïmkx lfrda;S;s lreKd˜

^wkqkaf.a ÿflys oS i;amqreIhkaf.a yojf;ys we;s lrk lïmkh lreKdj hs'&

—wys; ÿlaLdmkhk ldu;d lreKd˜

^wkHhkaf.a ÿla lror ke;s lsÍfï leue;a; lreKdj hs'&

—lsKd;sjd mrÿlaLx ysxi;s úkdfia;S;s lreKd˜

^wkHhkaf.a ÿla úkdY lsÍu lreKdj hs'&

i;r n%yau úyrKhkaf.a fojekak lreKdj nj'

iir ÿlg m;a j isák i;a;ajhd oel nqÿjrhl= ;=< we;sjk wkqlïmdj uyd

lreKdj nj'

nqÿjrhl=g yer fjk;a lsisjl=g fkdmsysgk W;=ï .=K iuqodhhka w;=ßka tlla

f,i uyd lreKdj ie,flk nj yd th nqoaO iudm;a;shla fuka u nqoaO {dkhla

jk nj'

nqÿjrhd jkdys uyd lreKdfõ yd uyd m%{dfõ m%;suQ¾;shla nj'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia osk p¾hdj wdrïN lrkafka uyd lreKd iudm;a;shg iujeos

nqoaO{dkfhka f,dj ne,Sfuka nj'

uq`M uy;a nqoaO pß;h mqrdjg u fuu .=Kh ms<sìTq jk nj'

iqkS;" fidamdl" rÊcqud,d" lsidf.da;ó" uÜgl=Kav,S" mQ;s.;a;;siai f;reka"

y;a:d,jl l=ure" fl; md`M jQ f.dúhd" Nøj;sld we;skak wdoSkaf.a l;d mqj;a

uÕska fuu .=Kh ms<sìTq jk nj'

ldreKsl yoj;la we;s Wodr ñksiqka W;a;u mqreIhka jYfhka b;sydi.; jkjd

muKla fkdj ta whf.a Nj.dó cSú;h o iqjm;a jk nj'

32

uyd m%{dj

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a lreKdj uyd lreKdj jkakd fia u m%{dj uyd m%{dj

jk nj'

úo¾Ykd {dkh fyj;a f,dalfha we;a; we;s ieáfhka olakd kqjK m%{dj jk

w;r th f,dalh yd cSú;h ms<sn| j nqÿ rcdKka jykafia i;= j meje;s .eUqre jQ

kqjK nj'

wkqmQ¾j YsCIdfõ f;jk mshjr m%{dj nj'

uyd m%{djg úIh fkdjqKq lsisjla f,dfjys ke;s nj'

nqÿrÿka i;= j meje;s úúO {dk o¾Ykhkaf.ka m%{d uysuh m%lg jk nj'

;%súoHd {dkh" wIag úoHd {dkh" i¾j{;d {dkh wdÈ jYfhka th úúOdldr jk

nj'

nqoaO YÍrh fld;rï ÿ¾j, jqj o Wka jykafiaf.a m%{d Yla;sfhys lsis ÿ fjkila

fkdfõ hhs uÊCêu ksldfha uyd iSykdo iQ;%fhka meyeos,s flfrk nj'

pq,a, y;aÓmfodau iQ;%fha oS msf,da;sl mßn%dcl nqÿrÿkaf.a m%{dj fjfiiska w.h

lr we;s nj'

nqÿrÿkaf.a uyd m%{dj wdo¾Yhg f.k mqoa.,fhl=f.a fuf,dj Ôú;h fuka u

mrf,dj cSú;h o w¾:j;a tlla njg m;a lr .ekSug;a iir ÿlska w;a ñoSug;a

yelshdj ,efnk nj'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a fiiq .=Kdx.j,g jvd uyd m%{dj fY%aIaG hhs Wkajykafiau

foaYkd lr we;s nj' ^uyd il=¿odhs iQ;%h&'

wdo¾Yj;a kdhl;ajh

ksYaÑ; wruqKla lrd wkq.dñlhka fufyhjkakd yslaujkakd hk f;areu kdhl

hkafkys lshefjk nj'

by; lS w¾:h wkqj nqÿrÿka Wodr kdhlhl= f,i ye|skaùu w;sYhska u fhda.H

jk nj yd thg wNsfhda. l< yels lsis ÿ ukqIHhl=" foúhl=" n%yauhl= ñysu;

my< fkd jk nj'

wka;.dó fkdùu" ueoy;a ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsÍu" foaYkd fl!Y,Hh yd

Wmdh fl!Y,H {dkh" uyd lreKdj yd uyd m%{dj" wd.ñl iykYS,s;ajh wdosh

uÕska nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a W;=ï kdhl;ajh m%lg jk nj'

nqÿrÿkaf.a wiuiu kdhl;aj ,CIKj,ska lsysmhla my; i|yka mßÈ ±laúh

yels nj'

1 osk prshdj'

2 isjqjKla msßi jHla;" úkS;" úYdro" nyqY%e;" O¾uOr" O¾udkq O¾u

m%;smkak msßila jk ;=re ;uka jykafia msßksjka fkdmdk nj udrhdg

oekaùu'

3 iqmsßisÿ pß;hlska hqla; ùu '

33

4 h:djdoS ;:dldÍ yd h:dldÍ ;:djdoS ùu'

5 iqÿiaidg iqÿiq ;ek ,ndfoñka isjqjKla msßig w. ;k;=re m%odkh lsÍu'

6 Y%djlhkaf.a iqjmyiqj .ek fidhd ne,Su'

7 úfõpkj,g ìh fkdù ks¾NS; j ´ku wNsfhda.hlg fkdie,S uqyqK oSu '

8 úuiSug" m%Yak lsÍug" ksoyia Ñka;khg bv ,nd §u'

9 Y%djlhkag wdo¾Y iïmkak ùu'

10 ;uka jykafiaf.a ldh jdla iudpdrhka úuid ne,Sug jqj o Y%djlhkagbvlv ie,iSu'

11 Y%djlhkaf.a hym; i`oyd YslaIdmo mekùu yd wjYH jQ úg tajd fjkia lsÍu hkdosh'

úYsIag Ydia;D;ajh

foúhka iys; f,dalhdg ÈÜGOïñl" iïmrdhsl hk WNhd¾: isoaêh msKsi

wkqYdikd lrk neúka nqÿ rcdKka jykafia Ydia;Djrhl= f,i ye¢kafjk nj'^

i;a:d foaj ukqiaidkx&

.=rejrhd hk w¾:h o Ydia;D hkafkys .eí j we;s w;r nqÿ rcdKka jykafia

;=ka f,dalfha u .=rejrhd jk neúka ;sf,da.=re f,i ye|skafjk nj'

Ydia;Djrhl=" .=rejrhl= jYfhka nqÿrÿka Y%djlY%dúldjkaf.a nqoaê uÜgu"

udkisl iajNdjh" oDIaáuh moku" idudcsl mßirh wdosh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka

úúO m¾hdh wkq.ukh lrñka Wmdh fl!Y,Hfhka hq;= j oyï foiQ nj'

—k;a:dkkao ;:d.;iai Oïfïiq wdpßh uqÜÀ ˜ hk foaYkdjg wkqj .=re uqIaá

fkdue;s j úúO foaYkd l%u uÕska Y%djlhkag fkdi`.jd oyï foaYkd l<

nj'

taa i|yd fhdod.;a b.ekaùï l%u .Kkdjla meje;=K w;r Rcq foaYkd l%uh"

^oïila meje;=ï iQ;%h& idlÉPd l%uh" ̂ lkaorl iQ;%h& WmudkqidÍ foaYkd l%uh"

^rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h" liSNdroajdc iQ;%h& mejereï l%uh" ̂ pq,a,mka;l" lsidf.da;ó

jeks whg& wdosh Bg ksoiqka jk nj'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia m%Yak úiª l%u y;rla fm< oyfï i`oyka jk nj'

1 talxi jHdlrKSh - Rcq ms<s;=re iemhSu ^ wd,jl iQ;%h&

2 úNÊc jHdlrKSh - úYaf,aIKd;aul j ms<s;=re §u

^pq,a,lïu úNx. iQ;%h&

3 mámqÉPd jHdlrKSh - m%;sm%Yak úuid ms<s;=re ,ndoSu

^pq,a,iÉpl iQ;%h&

4 GmkSh - m%Yak mfilska ;eîu ^pq,a,ud¨xlH iQ;%h&

34

w;a;ÊCOdih - ;uka jykafiaf.a woyig wkqj iqÿiq O¾uhla foaYkd lsÍu"

^Oïuplal iQ;%h&

mrÊCOdih - Y%djlhdf.a wfmaCIdjg wkqj oyï foiSu ^wßh mßfhaik iQ;%h&

wÜGqmam;a;sl - w¾:h meyeos,s lsÍu i|yd oyï foiSu' ^is.df,dajdo iQ;%h&

mqÉPdjisl - m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re §u jYfhka oyï foiSu ^ux., iQ;%h& hkqfjka

;j;a foaYkd l%u y;rla meje;s nj'

ksoyia Ñka;khg yd ùuxikhg bv ,nd oSu" h:djdoS ;:dldÍ .=Kh" wkH wd.ï

flfrys iqyo wdl,amh" mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" ;u úuqla;sh ;udg u mjrdoSu" lreKdj"

ffu;%sh" bjiSu" ;doS .=Kh wdosh nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a úYsIag Ydia;D;ajh

m%lg lrk .=Kdx. nj'

oeä kS;s Í;s uÕska ish Y%djlhka md,kh lsÍug lsis úgl;a W;aidy fkd l<

nj'

ioyï wid ;=kqrejka irK .sh Y%djl-Y%dúldjkaf.a m%ldYkj,ska iy nqÿrÿka

ms<sn| lS¾;s f>daIh mek keÕ=K wdldrh mejfik jpkj,ska o Wka jykafiaf.a

úYsIag Ydia;D;ajh m%lg flfrk nj

;dos .=Kh

f,dal O¾u;d úIhfhys lïmd fkdù WfmaCIdfjka ú|ord .ekSfï yelshdj ;doS

.=Kh nj'

th wgf,da oyñka lïmd fkdùfï .=Kh f,i o ye¢kafjk nj'

wgf,da oyñka lïmd fkdùu ux., lreKla nj — MqÜGiaif,dal Oïfïys Ñ;a;x

hiai k lïm;s ˜ hkqfjka th meyeos,s flfrk nj'

fldfid,a uyrc;=udf.a wioDY uyd odkh fuka u ÿ.S ÿmam;a odiodiSka fj;ska

,enqKq r¿ wdydr odkh o bjiSfuka ;doS .=Kh fy<s fjk nj'

fia, keue;s nuqKq m`äjrekaf.ka o fldfid,a wdoS uy rcjrekaf.ka o wfkams~q

jeks isgqjrekaf.ka o Wmd,s jeks .Dym;Skaf.ka o osjH n%yau wdos úúO msßiaj,ska

o m%Yxid fuka u hii ,enqK o fkdie¨Kq nj'

w.a.sl Ndroajdc" wlafldail Ndroajdc jeks n%dyauKhkaf.kao ud.kaosh"

Ñxpdudkúld" iqkaoÍ mßn%dcsld" iqm%nqoaO" foajo;a; jekakjqkaf.ka o wdfl%daI mßNj"

kskaod iy whi ,enqK o fkdie¨Kq nj'

fÊ;jkdrduh" mQ¾jdrduh" rdcldrduh jeks iqj myiq wdrduj, úiSfuka Woaoduhg

m;a fkdjQjdla fuka u rela uq,a jk fikiqka yd .srs YsLr wdÈfhys o i;=áka úiQ

nj'

wmf.a cSú; yev.iajd .ekSfï oS fuka u wm iudc.; j lghq;= lsÍfï oS o fuu

O¾u;djkg fldf;l=;a uqyqK oSug isÿ jqj;a tajd WfmaCIdfjka ú| ord .ekSu

uÕska iduldó cSjk rgdjla f.dv kÕd .; yels nj'

wmf.a cSú;j, id¾:l;ajhg by; lS W;=ï nqÿ .=Kh wdo¾Y fldg.; yels nj'

35

moaudldr cSú;h

moaudldr Ôú;h kï ÿisßf;ka msß iudchl uv osfhys fkd ;ejeÍ mú;% j úlis;

jQ fk¿ula fuka msßisÿ csú;hla .; lsÍu nj'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia moaudldr cSú;hla .; l< nj'

fï lreK fødaK nuqKdg ;uka jykafia ljqreoehs y÷kajdÿka wdldrfhka meyeos,s

jk nj'

zzmqKavÍlx h:d j.a.= - f;dafhak kQm,smam;s

kQm,smaf;daïys f,daflak - ;iaud nqoafOdaiañ n%dyauKZZ

nqoaO pß;h yd iïnkaO my; oelafjk isÿùï uÕskq;a fï lreK ikd: jk nj

udrÿys;DDka" ud.kaoshd wdoSkaf.a fm,Uùï yuqfõ úrd.sl jQ nj yd wd,jl"

w.a.sl Ndroajdc" wlafldail Ndroajdc wdos fldam jkakka yuqfõ fldam fkd jQ

nj'

wgf,da oyñka lïmd fkdù isàu" flf,iaj,ska wd;=r jQjka w;r wkd;=r j isàu"

ffjr lrkakka w;r wffjÍ j isàu hk lreKq fuhg ksoiqka nj'

nqÿ isßf;a fuu moaudldr cSú;h wdo¾Yhg f.k jeros nyq, iudcfha ksjeros

cSú;hla .; lsÍug wm ieu flkl=u fhduq jqjfyd;a msú;=re iudchla ks¾udKh

jk nj'

ksoyia Ñka;kh yd wd.ñl iykYS,s;ajh

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia wkHd.ñlhka iqyoj weiqre l< wdldrh fmdÜGmdo" uyd

il=`Modhs jeks iQ;%j,ska fy<s jk nj'

;uka jykafia oyï foikafka fjk;a wd.ñlhka Y%djl;ajhg yrjd .ekSfï

wruqKska fkdjkafka hehs Wÿïnßl iSykdo" Wmd,s jeks iQ;%j, § m%ldY lr we;s

nj'

fn!oaOhl= úiska jqj o wkHd.ñlhkag .re lsÍu yd odkdosfhka ix.%y lsÍu w.h

fldg we;s nj'

flaimq;a; kshï.u jeis ld,du f.da;%slhkag ksoyfia is;d úuid ;SrK .ekSug

wkqYdikd l< nj'

;uka jykafia ms<sn| j jqj o úuid n,d u ms<s.ekSug u`. fmkajQ nj'

f;rejka .=K jqj o úuid n,d m%idoh we;s lr .; hq;= hehs we;a wä Wmudfjka

fmkajd ÿka nj'

;uka jykafia fj; meñfKkakjqkag úuiSug bvlv ,ndfok W;=ï Ydia;Djrhl=

f,i iNsh msßjecshdf.a we.hSug nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ,la jQ nj'

36

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ms<sn| iuld,Sk yd kQ;k we.hSï

fldKav[a[" idßmq;a;" rÜGmd, wdos uy f;rjreka úiska nqÿrÿka we.hSug ,la

lrkq ,en we;s nj'

pxlS" fidaKoKav" wiai,dhk wdos n%dyauK m`äjreka o" jÉPf.d;a;" fmdÜGmdo"

pQ,il=,aodhs" Wmd,s wdos fjk;a wd.ñlhka o nqÿ rcdKka jykafia we.hSug ,la

l< wjia:d iQ;% O¾uj, i`oyka jk nj'

fldai," ìïìidr" wcdi;a; jeks uy rcjreka o iqo;a; isgq" wNhrdc l=ure jeks

msßia o úiska nqÿrÿka meiiqug ,la lrk ,o nj'

nqÿrÿka ukqIHhkaf.a muKla fkdj foújrekaf.a o j¾Kkdjg ,la jQ whqre uyd

f.daúkao iQ;%h wdÈ iQ;%j,ska meyeos,s jk nj'

fmr wmr foos. fndfyda W.;=kaf.a o meiiqug Wka jykafia ,la ù we;s nj'

c¾uka uydpd¾hjrhl= jQ uelaia uq,¾" n¾g%kaâ ri,a" ,CIaó kriq uydpd¾h ;=ñh"

tÉ' Ô' fõ,aia" uydpd¾h fidakav¾ia" Y%Su;a tâúka wd¾fkda,aâ" uydpd¾h Íia fäúâia"

we,an¾Ü whskaiaghska jeks wh fuka u wdpd¾h i¾j m,a,s rdO l%sIaKka" ukau:kd;a

Ydia;S%" Y%S cjy,a,d,a fkare" wdpd¾h Nsïrd´ rdïcs wïfnâld¾ jeks bkaoshdkq

m`äjreka nqÿrÿka ms<sn| j lr we;s m%ldYk fuys § jeo.;a jk nj'

c¾uka fn!oaO ysñkul jQ mQcH {dkd;sf,dal ysñ" jcsrdrdu jdiS kdro ysñ jeks

W.;a h;sjreka úiska nqÿrÿka ms<sn| j lrk ,o j¾Kkhka úuis,a,g f.k Wka

jykafiaf.a fY%aIaG;ajh y÷kd .ksñka fndfyda fokdf.a we.hSug ,lajk W;=ï

.=Kdx.hkaf.ka msßmqka mqoa.,hka ùug wm o wêIaGdk lr.; hq;= nj'

Tjqka oelajQ woyia lsysmhla my; oelafjk nj'

nqÿ rcdKka jykafia jkdys Wka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,o ish¨ u

.=KO¾uhkaf.a m%;suQ¾;sh hs' y;<siamia jirl ld,h ;=< § ;uka úiska m%ldY

lrk ,o jpk Wka jykafia ls%hdjg keÕ+y' lsisÿ ÿn,;djla fyda my;a yeÕSula

fyda Wka jykafiaf.ka lsis úfgl;a oDYHudk fkdù h' f,dalhg b;d u mßmQ¾K

wdpdr O¾u moaO;shla bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa o nqÿ rcdKka jykafia úisks'˜

- uydpd¾h uelaia uq,¾ -

znqÿ rcdKka jykafia f,!lsl wdid keu;s .sks.;a ksfji ;=< ±fjk orejka

fírd .ekSug ud¾. fhdokakd jQ;a" fírd .ekSfuka miq ks¾jdKh kue;s wdrlaIl

ia:dkhg uÕ fmkajkakd jQ;a mshl= n÷ h'˜

- uydpd¾h ,laIaó kriq -

37

• zkQ;k úoHd;aul Ñka;khg ms<s.; yels wd.ula fõ kï ta nqÿ oyu hs'Z

- we,anÜ whskaiaghska -

• zf,dalfha iqm%isoaO wd.ïj,ska ud nqÿ oyug" úfYaIfhka uq,a nqÿ oyug leue;s

jkafka th lsisjl= fkdfm<k neúks Z' - n¾g%kaaâ ri,a -

• znqÿ rcdKka jykafia wfma udkj jDlaIfha msmqKq u, hs' ta u, msfmkafka wiSñ;

,laI ixLHd; jir .Kkdjlg miq j h' thska jykh jk m%{d iq.kaOfhkq;a"

weoyef,k ohdj keu;s uyd ulrkaofhkq;a f,dalh msfrhs'˜

-tâúka wd¾fkda,aâ -

• —ñksia j¾.hdf.ka jeä u ixLHdjlska mQcd ,o ;eke;a;d f,i b;d myiqfjka u

fjka fldg ±laúh yelafla nqÿ rcdKka jykafia h'˜

- uydpd¾h fidaKav¾ia -

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï M, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' kj wryd§ nqÿ.=K wre;a iys; j my; oelafjk j.=fjys olajkak

nqÿ.=Kh w¾:h

38

mrsYS,khg

• WÿïnÍl iSykdo iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• uyd f.daúkao iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• pQ, il=¿odhs iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• uyd iSykdo iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• ùuxil iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• pQ, f.daisx`. iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• Wmd,s iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• lkaorl iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• Oïu fÉ;sh iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• pQ, ud¨xlH iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• wïn,ÜÀl rdyqf,dajdo iq;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• pxlS iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• iqo;a; iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• ,dN ilaldr iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• fødaK iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• ld,du iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• Ñxpdudkúld yd iqkaoÍ mßn%dcsld l:d jia;= - Oïu moÜG l:d

• nqÿ yduqÿrefjda - .fKa.u irKxlr ysñ ^1973&

weï'ã' .=Kfiak iud.u

• isoaOd¾: f.!;u nqoaO pß;h - n<kaf.dv wdkkao ffuf;a%h ysñ

• úh;=ka ÿgq nqÿ yduqÿrefjda ^ixialrKh& - tÉ'tï' fudrgqj.u ^1995&

tia' f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda

• nqÿka ±lSu - fifkúr;ak uyf,alu ^1992&

fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj,'

2' uyd lreKdj" uyd m%{dj yd ;dos .=Kh y÷kajd foñka nqÿ isßf;ka fuu .=K m%lg

jk wjia:dj,g WodyrK olajñka f,aLk.; lrkak'

3 ' nqoaO pß;fhka m%lg flfrk my; i|yka úYsIag pß; ,CIKhkag wod< ud;Dld

WmldÍ lrf.k lAIKsl l:sl ;r.hla ixúOdkh lrkak'

i. nqoaO pß;fhka ms<sônq jk wdo¾Yj;a pß; ,laIK

ii' nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a úYsIag Ydia;D;ajh

iii. nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a moaudldr cSú;h'

iv. nqoaO pß;fhka m%lg jk ksoyia Ñka;kh yd wd.ñl iykYS,s;ajh'

4 ' nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j iuld,Sk j yd kQ;kfha we.hSï l< nqoaêu;=ka miafofkl=

kï fldg Tjqkaf.a m%ldY fjk fjk u ,shd olajkak'

5 ' nqoaO pß;fhka ;dÈ .=Kh m%lg l< wjia:d ikso¾Yk j ±laùug i,iajd th mka;s

ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

6' nqoaO pß;fhka m%lg jQ kdhl;aj ,laIK ms<sn| f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

39

ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a yd mrudo¾YS Y%djl- Y%dúldjkaf.a úYsIag

pß; ,laIK wOHhkh lr wdo¾Yhg .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( nqoaO ld,Sk mrudo¾YS .sys-meúÈ Y%djl- Y%dúld pß; we.hSug ,la

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 16 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• mrudo¾YS pß;hl úYsIag ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• mrudo¾YS Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wêIaGdk lr .kshs'

• O¾udkql+, Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

• mrudo¾YS pß;j,ska ms<sìUq jk hy.=K úúO ks¾udK uÕska iudchg iïfma%IKh

lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a iy .sys meúÈ Y%djl- Y%dúld pß;hkays mrudo¾YS úYsIag pß;

,laIK we.hSug ,la lrñka mrudo¾YS pß;hla njg m;aùu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

wdkkao uyry;ka jykafia

• wdkkao kï jQ YdlH l=urd nqÿ rcdKka jykafia lsUq,aj;a mqrhg jevu l< Èk Wmd,s

lmqjd yd l=udrjreka iuÕ meúÈ jQ nj'

• mqKaK uka;dks mq;a; f;reka jykafia wdkkao uyd f;reka jykafiaf.a wdpd¾hjrhdKka

jykafia jQ w;r fn,a,ÜÀiSh f;reka jykafia WmdOHhka jykafia jQ nj'

• Wka jykafia iïnqoaO;ajfhka úis jk jif¾ § wdhdpkd y;rla yd m%;slafIam y;rla

bosßm;a fldg ks;H Wmia:dhl Oqrhg m;a jQ nj'

wdhdpkd (

1 ud úiska lrkq ,nk wdrdOkd nqÿ rcdKka jykafia úiska ms<s.; hq;= ùu'

2 msáka meñfKk ljrl= fyda leu;s fõ,djl nqÿ rcdKka jykafia uqK .eiaùug

wjir Èh hq;= ùu'

3 ljr fyda ielhla ug we;s jQ l,ays tflfKys u th úpdÍug wjir ,eìh hq;= ùu'

4 ud fkdisá ;ek foiQ O¾uh kej; jrla ug foaYkd l< hq;= ùu'

m%;slafIam(

1 nqÿ rcdKka jykafiag ,efnk Öjr ;udg fkdÈh hq;= nj'

2 nqÿ rcdKka jykafiag ,efnk msKavmd;h ;udg fkdosh hq;= nj'

3 nqÿ rcdKka jykafia jik tl u .|ls<sfha ;udg úiSug bv fkd Èh hq;= nj'

4 nqÿ rcdKka jykafiag flfrk wdrdOkdj,g ;ud msg;a lr fkd yeßh hq;= nj'

40

• O¾u NdKavd.dßl ;k;=r" nyqY%e; NslaIQka w;r w. ;k;=r" iauD;siïmkak NslaIQka

w;r w. ;k;=r" wjfndaO Yla;sh we;s NslaIQka w;r w. ;k;=r yd ù¾h iïmkak

NslaIQka w;r w. ;k;=r wdkkao ysñhkag ,enqfKa Wka jykafia ;=< meje;s úYsIag

l=Y,;d ksid nj'

• b;d ÿIalr wjia:dj, oS mjd nqÿrÿka yer fkdf.dia wjYH Wmia:dk uekúka bgq

l< nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a f,dald¾: p¾hdjg ksn`o j u iyh ÿka nj'

• NslaIqKS ixia:dj we;s lsÍug mqfrda.dó j lghq;= l< nj'

• i;r bßhõfjka f;dr j ù¾h jvd m<uq ix.dhkdjg fmrÈk rd;s%fha ry;a M,hg

m;a jQ nj'

• m<uq ix.dhkdfõ § O¾uhg wod< ish¨ .eg¨ úiª nj'

• tu ix>dhkdj wjidkfha oS uqL mrïmrdfjka mj;ajdf.k hEug oS>ksldh wdkkao

ysñhka we;=`M msßig Ndr ÿka nj'

ießhq;a uyry;ka jykafia

• idß neñKshf.a mq;%hd jQ w;r .sys kñka Wm;siai jQ nj'

• kd,kaodj Wmka .ï m%foaYh jQ nj'

• mßn%dclhl= f,i ixch msßjeðhd .=re fldg jdih l< nj'

• ;reK wjÈfha § z.sr.a. iuÊcZ kdgH ikao¾Ykh krUd we;s jQ l,lsÍfuka

l,HdK ñ;% flda,s; iuÕ i;H fidhd .sh nj'

• wiaiÔ f;reka jykafia foaYkd l< —fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd˜ hkdos O¾uh Y%jKh

lsÍfuka fidajdka m,hg m;a jQ nj'

—fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd

f;aix fya;=x ;:d.f;da wdy

f;aixp fhda ksfrdafOda

tajx jd§ uyd iufKda ˜

• miq j flda,s; msßjecshd iuÕ fõ`Mjkdrduhg f.dia meúÈ jQ nj'

• iQlr l; f,fka § nqÿ rcdKka jykafia z§>kLZ mßn%dclhdg foaYkd l< zfõokd

mß.a.y iQ;%hZ wid ry;am,hg meñKs nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.a ol=K;a ijq ;k;=r ,enQ nj'

• .eUqre oyï lreKq ir, f,i úia;r lsÍfï yelshdj we;s nj'

§> ksldfha ix.S;s iQ;%h

§> ksldfha oiq;a;r iQ;%h

uÊCêu ksldfha iïudÈÜÀ iQ;%h

uÊCêu ksldfha .=,siaidks iQ;%h

uÊCêu ksldfha iÉp úNx. iQ;%h

wdÈh foaYkd lr we;s nj'

41

• iïmidokSh iQ;%h wdosh foaYkd lsÍfuka nqÿrÿkaf.a meiiqug ,la jQ nj'

• YS% ioaO¾uh uekúka u;l ;nd .ekSu ksid Oïu fiakdêm;s ;k;=r ,enQ nj'

• uyd m%d{hka w;r w. ;k;=rg m;a jQ nj'

• msßksjka mdkakg fmr ;u uEKshka fidajdka m,fhys msysgqùug lghq;= l< nj'

• wdrKHjdis NslaIQka w;=frka w.%ia:dkh ,enQ LÈrjksh f¾j; uy ry;ka jykafia

ießhq;a f;reka jykafiaf.a .sys l, nd, ifydaorhd jQ nj'

• pd,d" Wmpd,d" isiqmpd,d ry;a f;rKska jykafia,d ießhq;a ysñhkaf.a ifydaoßhka

jQ nj'

• bjiSfï .=Kh we;s" ksy;udkS uyd f;reka jykafia kul f,i m%Yxid ,enQ nj'

uyd m%cdm;S f.da;ó ry;a f;rKska jykafia

• wxck YdlHhd yd hfidaOrd foaúh uyd m%cdm;S f.da;ñhf.a ujqmshka jQ nj'

• uydudhd foaúh l`Mßh l< miq j iqoafOdaok uyrcq m%cdm;S f.da;ñh újdy

fldg .;a nj'

• isÿy;a fndai;a ì,s|df.a ^iq`M uj& ujq ;k;=rg m;a j isá nj'

• kkao l=ure yd rEmdkkaod l=ußh f.da;ó foaúhf.a orejka jQ nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia lsUq,aj;g jevu lr mshrc;=udg rcue÷f¾ § foaYkd l<

O¾uh wid fidajdka jQ nj'

• kkao l=udrhd yd rdyq, l=udrhd meúÈ nj ,eîu;a" iqoafOdaok rc;=udf.a wNdjh;a

ksid yqfol,d jQ nj'

• YdlH yd flda,sh l=udrjreka meúÈ ùu ksid m%cdm;S f.da;ó foaaúh we;=̀M l=udßldjka

500la o meúÈ ùug fm,UqK nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.ka f;jrla u meúoao b,a,d isákuq;a th m%;slafIam jQ nj'

• wdkkao f;reka jykafiaf.a mQ¾K wkq.%yh o we;s j wIag .reO¾u ms<sf.k

úYd,d uykqjr l+gd.dr Yd,dfõ § iïnqoaO;ajfhka mia jk jif¾ § meúÈ Wmiïmodj

,;a nj'

• O¾u{dkh yd w;a±lSï nyq,;ajh ksid Ñrrd;%{ NslaIqKSka w;r w. ;k;=r ysñ lr

.;a nj'

• ujq .=Kh" mß;Hd.YS,S nj" pdï nj" wk;sudkS nj" wruqK bgq jk ;=re W;aidyh

w;afkdyeÍu" wêIaGdkh" lem ùu" bjiSu t;=ñhf.a wdo¾Yj;a prs; ,laIK nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafiaf.ka wjir f.k úYd,d uykqjr NslaIqKS wdrdufha § Roaê

m%d;syd¾h md msßksjka mE nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia nqoaO ud;djg f.!rj ±laùula f,i miq .uka l< nj'

42

fÄud ry;a f;rKska jykafia

• uÿrg id., kqjr zuoaojZ rc;=udf.a ÈhKs flkl= jQ nj'

• ìïìidr rcqf.a w.ìij jQ nj'

• weh rEmfhka w. ;eka m;a ksid o" nqÿ rcdKka jykafia rEmfha fodia olajk nj

okakd ksid o Wka jykafia uqK.eiSug wleue;s jQ nj'

• ìïìidr rc;=ud fÄud ìij nqÿ rcdKka jykafia fj; le`ojdf.k hdug WmdhYS,S

jQ nj'

• fõ`Mjkdrduh ±l n,d .ekSug .sh fÄud ìijg nqÿka jykafia oDYHdOdr Ndú;

fldg rEmfha h:d ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lrÿka nj'

• zuyd ksodk iQ;%hZ weiSfuka fidajdka m,hg m;a jQ nj'

• ìïìidr uyc;=udf.a wjirh o ,nd miq lf,l Ydikfha meúÈ j isjqms<sisôhd

^w¾:" O¾u" ksrela;s" máNdk& iys; j ry;a Ndjhg m;a jQ nj'

• fldfid,a rc;=ud úiska wik ,o m%Yakj,g olaI f,iska ms<s;=re ,nd ÿka nj'

• m%{diïmkak NslaIqKSka w;ßka fÄud ry;a f;rKsh w.% jQ nj'

wkd:msKaäl Wmdil;=ud

• iqo;a; isgq;=ud kï jQ fu;=ud miq j wkd:msKaäl isgq;=ud kñka m%lg jQ nj'

• ieje;a kqjr iquk isgq;=ud wkd:msKaäl isgq;=udf.a mshd jQ nj'

• rc.y kqjr isgqjrhdf.a keÕKsh iuÕ újdy ùu ksid;a jHdmdßl lghq;= i|yd;a

ks;r rc.y kqjrg .sh nj yd tys § nqÿ rcdKka jykafia yuq jQ nj'

• fu;=ud nqÿ rcdKka jykafia ks;r weiqre lsÍu ksid ie±yej;a fn!oaOhl= jQ nj'

• nqÿka jykafia m%uqL uyd ix>hd jykafia,dg fÊ;jkdrdu úydrh ilia fldg mQcd

l< nj'

• oka oSfï we¨Kq Wjiqka w;r w. ;k;=r ,nd isá nj'

• wk;sudkSlu" ks¾f,daNs;ajh" Ydik <eoshdj yd {d;s ys;ñ;%doSka wd.u oyug fhduq

lsÍug W;aidy .ekSu wdÈh t;=udf.a pß;fhka wmg .; yels wdo¾Y nj'

Ñ;a; .ym;s Wmdil;=ud

• O¾u {dkh fldf;la ;snqK o ksr;=re j fndfyda NslaIQka jykafia,df.ka O¾u

Y%jKh l< nj'

• O¾u {dkh wvq NslaIQkag O¾u{dkh ,nd§ug lghq;= l< nj'

• Tyqf.a ñ;=rl= jQ wkH wd.ñl wfÉ, liaimg ksjerÈ ud¾.h fmkajd § Tyq meúÈ

lrjd isjqmifhka ix.%y l< nj'

• rEmdjpr OHdk i;r u ,nd.;a wkd.dó Wmdil;=ul= nj'

• O¾u lÓl Wmdilhka w;r w.% jQ nj'

• Ñ;a; .ym;s Wmdil;=udg .erySu ksid iqOïu NslaIqjg nqÿ rcdKka jykafia úiska

m%:u j;djg máidrKSh l¾uh mekjQ nj'

43

úYdLd ufydamdisldj

• wÕ= rg NoaÈh kqjr wñ;fNda.s fuKavl isgqjrhdf.a mq;a Ok[ach isgq;=udf.a yd

iqukd foaúhf.a ÈhKshka jQ nj'

• nqÿka jykafiaf.a O¾uh Y%jKh fldg i;a yeúßÈ úfha § u fidajdka jQ nj'

• mxpl,HdKfhka" Okj;a lfuka yd .=K kqjKska hqla; jQ weh ieje;a kqjr ñ.dr

isgqjrhdf.a mq;a mQ¾Kj¾Ok l=urd úiska irK mdjd .kq ,en isá nj'

• NslaIQka jykafia,dg yd NslaIqKSka jykafia,dg jeis i`M" wd.ka;=l n;" .ñl n;"

.s,ka n;" Wjgeka n;" fnfy;a" le| wdÈfhka Wjgeka lsÍu ksid WNh ix>hdf.a

ud;dj jQ nj'

• ksn| j u nqÿrÿkag;a " NslaIQka jykafia,dg;a" isjqmifhka Wmia:dk l< weh l=vd

idufKar iajdóka jykafia,dg úfYaI <eoshdjla oelajQ nj'

• m;sl=,hg hk úg mshdKka úiska ÿka wjjdo úYdLdj úiska ms<smosk ,o nj'

• ;u iajdñhdf.a mshdKka jQ ñ.dr isgq;=udg O¾udjfndaOh i`oyd u`. fmkajQ neúka

ñ.drud;d kñka m%lg jQ nj'

• oka oSfï we¨Kq Wmdisldjka w;r w. ;k;=r ,ndisá nj'

• ;ud ika;l j ;snQ uyd fï, m,`okdj kï wdNrKh wf,ú fldg mQ¾jdrduh ;kd

i`. i;= fldg ms¥ nj'

• l=udr liaim ud;dj ms<sn`o .eg¨j úi`oSug nqÿ rÿka úiska weh m;a lrkq ,enQ l,ays

th uekúka bgq l< nj'

kl=, ud;dj

• kl=, ms;d kñka m%isoaO j isá .=Kj;a Wmdil;=udf.a Nd¾hdj kl=, ud;d jQ nj'

• kj fhdjqka úfha § újdy jQ nj'

• is;ska j;a ish ieñhd blaujd fkdhkakshl jQ nj'

• nqoaO Ydikfha Y%dúldjka w;r Ñ;a; iudêfha m%;sM, ,o Y%dúldjl jQ nj'

• Y%oaOd" iS," ;Hd." m%{d hk .=K O¾uhkaf.ka kl=, ms;d yd iu jQ nj'

• ish orejka iu`. tla j frda.d;=r jQ ish iajdñmqreIhd iqjm;a l< nj yd fmdaIKh l<

nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia we;=`M uyd ix>hd flfrys uy;a jQ ieoeyefhka l%shd l< nj'

• weoysh yels l;d we;s Wmdisldjka w;r w.%ia:dkh ,enQ nj'

• fidf<dia jirla ;siafia .Dyia: n%yaup¾hdj wdrlaId l< nj'

• ilDod.dó Wmdisldjl jQ nj'

44

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.; yels h'

1' Tn wOHhkh l< mrudo¾YS pß; lSmhla f;dard úYsIag ,laIK j.=.; lrkak'

2' mrudro¾YS pß;j,ska ms<sìUq jk hy.=K we;=<;a fldg iÕrdjlg ,smshla ilia

lrkak'

3' mrudo¾YS pß;hla wdo¾Y fldg f.k wd.ñl yd iudÔh fufyh w.h lrñka

lrk l;djl msgm;la ilia lrkak'

4' kQ;k .Dyia: iudchg úYdLd iy kl=, ud;d hk Wmdisldjkaf.a pß;dkqidrfhka

.; yels mQ¾jdo¾Y ms<sn| f,aLkhla ieliSug fhduq lrkak'

5' mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fnokak' tla lKavdhulg wdkkao uy ry;ka

jykafia ms<sn| j;a wfkla lKavdhug ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafia ms<sn| j;a

f;dr;=re fiùug wjia:dj i,id Wka jykafia,df.a pß;fhka ,nd.; yels

mrudo¾Yhka .ek f,aLkhla ilia lrjkak'

6' tu f,aLk mka;sh bÈßfha bÈßm;a lsÍug lghq;= lr bka ;u Ôú;h Tmj;a lr

.kakd wdldrh úia;r lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

• kl=,ms;= iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• wÜGl ksmd;h" Wfmdi:j.af.d - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• mGu$ÿ;shiuÔú iQ;% - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• kl=, iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• f:r .d:d md,s - Lqoaol ksldh

• f:ßmd,s wmodk - pq,a,j.a. md<s

• wdkkao yduqÿrefjda - .fKa.u irKxlr ysñ ^1977&

weï'ã'.=Kfiak iy iud.u

• úYdLd l=udßldfjda - krudfka nqoaOrlaÅ; ysñ ̂ 1998&

whsäh,a uqøKd,h" fld<U

• wiQuyd Y%djlfhda - ksjkaou O¾ulS¾;s ysñ ^1977&

fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh

• uyd Y%dúld pß; - .hdka pdkql úodkm;srK

45

ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( mqoa.,hd" iudch yd foaYmd,k ixúOdk ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

jgydf.k ta wkqj fm!reIh f.dvkÕd .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( mqoa.,hdf.a iajdñ;ajh yd YlH;d ms<sn| úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 16 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" YlH;dj yd j.lSu ms<sn| j ;=,kd;aul j wjfndaO lr .kshs'

• iodpdrd;aul YslaIKhg fm,fUhs'

• wNsfhda. ch .ksñka l%shd lrhs'

• wd;au úYajdifhka lghq;= lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;dj yd j.lSu ms<sn| iuld,Sk wd.ñl b.ekaùï

j, olakg fkd;snQ nj yd nqÿ iufhys fï ish,a, ukd j wka;¾.; j mej;s nj wOHhkh

lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;dj yd j.lSu ms<sn| iuld,Sk b.ekaùu'

• iajdñ;ajh hkq ;udg ;ud yer fjk;a iajdñhl= fyda ;ud md,kh lrk woDYHudk

n,hla fyda fkdmj;sk nj'

• iajdëk;ajh hkq ksoyia j ish leue;a; mßos lghq;= l< yels nj'

• iajÉPkao;dj hkq ish leue;a;g wkqj fyd| krl ;ud úiska u ;SrKh fldg ls%hd

l< yels nj'

• iajdëk;ajh yd iajÉPkao;dj hk mo fol fndfyda úg iómd¾:fhka Ndú; jk nj'

• j.lSu hkq ifÉ;k ls%hdfõ j.lSu l¾;D fj;g mejfrk nj" tkï ;ud úiska

is;du;d lrkq ,nk fyd| fyda krl fyda ls%hdfõ j.lSu fuka u tys úmdlh o

;udgu mejfrk nj'

• nqoaOld,Sk Ndr;fha uyd n%yau" uyd mqreI" BYajr jeks BYajr ks¾udKjd§ ixl,am yd

c.od;au" mrud;au" úYaj wd;au jeks mdrfN!;sl ixl,am m%dudKsl;ajfhka .;a uyK

nuqKka úiQ nj'

• mqífíl;fya;=jdoh" wfya;=wmamÉpjdoh ms<s.;a Ydia;Djreka isá nj'

• BYajr ks¾udKjd§ b.ekaùï wkqj i¾j n,OdÍ BYajrhl= úiska i;a;ajhd yd f,dalh u

md,kh lrkq ,efí hehs ms<s.kakd nj'

• BYajr ks¾udKjdoh" mqífíl;fya;=jdoh yd ksh;sjdoh wdÈ b.ekaùï uÕska mqoa.,

iajdëk;ajhg" iajdñ;ajhg" iajÉPkao;djg yd j.lSug ydks isÿ jk nj'

46

mqoa., iajdñ;ajh" iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;dj yd j.lSu ms<sn| fn!oaO ú.%yh

• fn!oaO fya;=M, O¾ufhka BYajr ks¾udKjdoh" mqífíl;fya;=jdoh yd ksh;sjdoh

neyer jk nj'

• ñksidf.a iajdëk;ajh ñksidg mjrd we;s nj yd ndysr .e,jqïlrejl= u; r|jd

fkdue;s nj'

• ;u iq.;sh fuka u ÿ.;sh o úuqla;sh fuka u nkaOkh o ;udf.a u l%shdldß;ajh u;

r`od mj;skafka hehs nqÿ oyfï W.kajk nj'

• w;a;ldr" mrldr" wdrïNl Od;=" kslalu Od;=" mrlalu Od;=" :du Od;=" À;s Od;="

Wmlalu Od;= hk b.ekaùï uÕska mqoa., Yla;sh w¾:j;a flfrk nj'

• ljr fyda woDYHudk ksh;shlg mqoa., fm!reIh hg;a fkdfldg iajdñ;ajh"

iajdëk;ajh" iajÉPkao;dj yd j.lSu w¾:j;a fldg we;s nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

^1& nqoaOld,Sk j m%p,s; j mej;s mqoa., iajdëk;ajhg ydkslr jQ b.ekaùï 2la y`ÿkajd

fokak'

^2& tu b.ekaùï ms<sn`o fn!oaO wdl,amh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

^3& w;a;ldr" mrldr" wdrïNl Od;= ù;slalu Od;=" mrlalu Od;=" :du Od;=" À;s Od;="

Wmlalu Od;= hk b.ekaùïj, w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrk j.=jla ilia lrkak'

^4& mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fnokak' wk;=re j zmqoa., iajdñ;ajh nqÿoyñka

wjOdrKh lr we;s nj m<uq lKavdhug o mqoa., iajdëk;ajh nqÿoyñka wjOdrKh

lr we;s nj Z fojk lKavdhug o ,nd fokak' fï woyi ikd: lsÍug ta ta

lKavdhïj,g mjrd tu lreKq mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug i,ikak'

^5& zmqoa., iajdó;ajh mqoa., fm!reIh flfrys n,mdhsZ hk f;audj mdol lrf.k

rpkduh m%Yakhla i|yd ms<s;=re ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

^6& z;uka ysig ;u w;uh fijKe,a,ZZ hk ud;Dldj Tiafia ì;a;s mqj;am;l m< lsÍu

i|yd iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'

47

mßYS,khg (

• foajoy iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• pq,a,lïu úNx. iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• wïn,ÜÀl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• w;a;ldr iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• ld,du iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• Oïumoh 160" 161 .d:d - Lqoaol ksldh

• uq,a nqÿiuh yd újrK .eg¨ - mdf;a.u {dkdrdu ysñ ^1996&

isx.mamQre Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

• Wiia fm< nqoaO O¾uh - fldiaj;af;a wßhúu, ysñ ^2010&

iuhj¾Ok uqøKd,h

• fn!oaO ixialD;sh - foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ

miqìu yd uQ,O¾u ;e?f,a Oïur;k ysñ

ví' ta' .dñKS ùrisxy ^2011& l¾;D m%ldYk

48

ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( mqoa.,hd" iudch yd foaYmd,k ixúOdk ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

jgydf.k ta wkqj fm!reIh f.dvkÕd .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO ú.%yh wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 18 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYh mdrfN!;sl m%ia;=;j,ska neyer jQjla nj m%;HlaI lr.kshs'

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYh fya;=M,jd§ j isÿ jQjla nj fmkajd fohs'

• iudc úúO;ajh yd úÑ;%;ajh wjfndaO fldgf.k l%shd lrhs'

• iudc ixlS¾K;d ksid mek kÕssk wNsfhda.j,g id¾:l j uqyqK fohs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

BYajr ks¾udKjdoh neyer fldg nqÿ rcdKka jykafia úiska fya;=M,jd§ j f,dalh yd

iudch wdrïN jQ wdldrh ms<sn| §> ksldfha w.a.[a[ iQ;%fha olajk ,o lreKq meyeÈ,s

lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• nqoaOld,Sk Ndr;Sh wd.ñl b.ekaùï wkqj iudc m%Njh yd úldYh BYajr ks¾udKjdoh

u; mokï j mej;s nj'

• iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu máÉpiuqmamdo uQ,O¾uh u;

mokï j ú.%y flfrk nj'

• tys ,d mdßißl wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k" wdpdr úoHd;aul yd ufkdaúoHd;aul idOl

n,md we;s nj'

• nqÿiuh iudc ixia:djkaf.a m%Njh" mßKduh yd úldYh fya;=m%;Hhdldr j ú.%y

lrk nj'

• mqoa.,hd ish .eg¨j,g ms<shï fiùu ksid wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k" wd.ñl yd .Dyia:

iudc ixia:d ks¾udKh ù we;s nj'

• máÉpiuqmamdoh u; mokï j ú.%y flfrk iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO

b.ekaùï uÕska ks¾udKjd§ ixl,am neyer jk nj'

49

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu meyeos,s lrñka úpdrd;aul j

mdi,a mqj;am;g ,smshla ilia lrkak'

2' iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu ixl,am wkqidrfhka bÈßm;a

lsÍug (Presentation - m%ia;=;slrKh& Wmfoia fokak'

3' iudc m%Njh yd úldYh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï ud;Dld fldg mka;s ld,

mßÉfþohla ;=< ñks;a;= 20l jHQy.; rpkd m%Yakhg ms<s;=re ,sùug i,iajkak'

4' iudc m%Njh yd úldYkh ms<sn| n%dyauK u;h yd fn!oaO u;h j.=jla uÕska

f.kyer olajkak'

5' iudc iïNjh ms<sn| úúO u;jdo ms<sn| f,aLkhla ilikak'

6' fn!oaO rdcH;ajfha m%Njh m%cd;dka;S%h yd ckys;ldó ,laIKj,ska hq;= nj fmkajd

fokak'

mßYS,khg (

• w.a.[a[ iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh Wiia fm< 1 fldgi - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

• fn!oaO o¾Ykh yd ixialD;sh - pkaosu úchnKavdr

tÉ' tï' fudrgqj.u ^1977&

weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

• fn!oaO iodpdrfha uQ,O¾u - .=Kmd, O¾uisß ^1988&

i¾fjdaoh" r;au,dk'

• fn!oaO o¾Ykh yd iudc o¾Ykh - Wv.,foKsfha fidaurxis ysñ

• fn!oaO ixialD;sh miqìu yd uQ,O¾u - foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ

;e?f,a Oïur;k ysñ

ví'ta' .dñKS úfÊisxy ^2011&

l¾;D uqøK

50

ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( mqoa.,hd" iudch yd foaYmd,k ixúOdk ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

jgydf.k tA wkqj fm!reIh f.dvkÕd .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3 ( fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u úpdrYS,S j wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 20 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• mrudo¾YS md,k ;ka;%hla i|yd jQ fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

• fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u u; mokï j hymd,khla f.dv keÕSug W;aiql fjhs'

• wdo¾Yj;a m%cd kdhlhl= f,i l%shd lrhs'

• iudc iqNidOkh yd idOdrK;ajh Wfoid lem fjhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u ms<sn| kHdhd;aul wjfndaOhla ,ndfoñka iudc iqNidOkh

u; mokï jQ hym;a md,k ;ka;%hla f.dvkÕd .ekSu yd bka ,nd.; yels wdo¾Y ms<sn|

m%udKd;aul wjfndaOhla ,nd§u fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

mxpiS, m%;smodj

• md,lhd miamúka je<lS isáñka" m%cdj o bka j<lajd,Sug ls%hd l< hq;= nj

• mxpiS,h fyj;a nqÿoyfuys ±lafjk f.ayisl iS,h wdrlaId lsÍu rcqf.a j.lSula

jk nj'

• mkais,a /lSu ksid rcq wkqkaf.a Ôú;j,g .re lrk" wkqkag wNh odkh fok"

wkqkaf.a foam< whs;shg .re lrk" wkqkaf.a mjq,a ðú; iqrlsk" tys iajdëk;ajhg

.re lrk" mqoa.,dka;r úYajdih iqrlsk" wkqka /jàfuka f;dr" uoHidr Ndú;fhka

j<lsk" iduh" fi!LHh" /l .ekSug lem jk mqoa.,hl= fia l%shd lrk nj'

• fuu mxpiS, m%;smodj ilaú;s rcl= úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;= hehs nqÿoyfï ±lafjk

nj'

• ilaú;s rcq úfoaYhkays md,lhka o miamúka j<lajd" mkais,a rlsk mqoa.,hka njg

m;a lr .kakd nj'

oY rdc O¾u

• fn!oaO cd;l l:d idys;Hfhys ±yeñka rg md,kh lrk rcl= úiska wkq.ukh

l< hq;= ms<sfj;a 10la i|yka jk w;r yd tajd oYrdc O¾u kñka m%lg jk nj'

• odkh - m%cd iqNidOkh" rcq úiska m%cd wjYH;d imqrd,Su'

• iS,h - m%;sm;a;s .rel nj" rcq iodpdr iïmkak j ls%hd l< hq;= nj'

51

• mß;Hd.h - uyckhd fjkqfjka ld,h" Y%uh yd fN!;sl iïm;a lem

l< hq;= nj'

• >Dcq nj - rcq w.;s.dó fkdù wjxl j ls%hd l< hq;= nj'

• uDÿ nj - md,lhd" uyckhdf.a ÿla mSvdjka flfrys ixfõ§ j

ls%hd l< hq;= nj'

• ;mi - bkaøsh oukh" múgq is;sú,sj,g jy,a fkd úh hq;= nj'

• fl%daO fkd lsÍu - m%cdj flfrys fl%daOfhka f;dr j ffu;s%fhka lghq;=l<

hq;= nj'

• wúysxidj - uyckhdg ysxid mSvd fkd l< hq;= nj'

• bjiSu - úreoaO woyia u;jdo yd ls%hdldrlï flfrys bjiSfuka

lghq;= l< hq;= nj'

• úreoaO fkd ùu - uyckhd iuÕ;a úfoaY rcqka iuÕ;a fkd .eà

iyfhda.fhka ls%hd l< hq;= nj

oi ilaú;s j;a

• ilaú;s rc;=ud m<uq j ;ud Od¾ñl ù oi jeoEreï m%;sm;a;shl msysgd ish¨ fokd u

wdrlaId l< hq;= nj' ta wkqj

1' ;u mjq,g wh;a msßig oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

2' n<fikÕg oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

3' ue;sweu;skag oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

4' n%dyauK .Dym;shkag oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

5' .ï ks.u.ï ckmo jdiSkag oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

6' uyK nuqKka iys; mQcl W;=ukag oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

7' uD. mlaISka iys; i;a;aj m%cdjg oeyeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu'

8' ks¾Okhkag ;ud wNsu; l¾udka; wdÈh i|yd Okh ,nd§u'

9' wmrdO u¾okh lrñka wmrdO ue~meje;aùu'

10' uofhka yd m%udofhka f;dr nyqY%e; uyK nuqKka fj; t<U wjjdo wkqYdikd

,nd rg md,kh lsÍu'

by; lreKq oyh isjqmdjqka" mlaISka iys; ish¨ ck;djg ±yeñ /ljrKh ie,iSu;a'

wmrdO u¾okh lsÍu;a" wd¾Ól iqrlaIs;;dj we;s lsÍu;a" mQckSh úYdrohkaf.ka Wmfoia

,nd .ekSu;a jYfhka isjqjeoEreï fõ' th cd;sl m%;smodjla jYfhka ixlafIamfhka

±laúh yels nj'

52

ima; wmßydkSh O¾u

1' ks;r /iaùu'

^wNsKayikaksmd;d ikaksmd;nyq,d&

2' iuÕsj tla/ia j" iuÕs j lghq;= fldg iuÕs j úisr hdu'

^iu.a.d ikaksmd;ka;s" iu.a.d jqÜGyka;s" iu.a.d jÊðlrKshdks lfrdka;s&

3' fmr fkd mekjQ kS;s fkd mekùu mekjQ kS;s lv fkd lsÍu yd merKs jÊð O¾u

wkq.ukh lsÍu' ^wm[a[;a;x k m[a[fmka;s" m[a[;a;x k iuqÉPskaoka;s'''''''''&

4' jeäysáhkag .renqyquka lsÍu yd Tjqkaf.a jpkj,g ijka Èh hq;= nj ms<s.ekSu'

^fh f; jÊðkx jÊð uy,a,ldf; ilalfrdka;s .re lfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;s&

5' újdyl yd wújdyl ldka;djkag lror fkd lsÍu yd n,y;aldrfhka jdih fkd

lsÍu' ^hd ;d l=,s;aÓfhda" l=, l=udßfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihsy jdfika;s&

6' jÊð rdcHh we;=<; yd msg; msysá mQckSh ia:dkj,g .re i;aldr lsÍu yd tajd

kv;a;= lsÍu' ^hdks ;dks jÊðkx" jÊc fÉ;shdks wíNka;rdks fÉj ndysrdks p ;dks

ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;s&

7' ry;=kag myiqlï ie,iSu" rgg meñKs ry;=ka yg tys iqj fia úiSug ie,eiaùu yd

fkdmeñKs ry;=ka tys meñKùu' ̂ wrykaf;aiq Oïñld rlaLdjrK .=;a;sx iqixúys;d&

• fuu ms<sfj;a wkqj ls%hd lrk l,ays rdcHhl wNsjDoaêh ie,fik nj yd msßySula

fkdjk nj'

• fuuÕska tla/ia j iuÕsfhka md,k lghq;= lsÍu o kS;sh ksisf,i ls%hdjg kexùu

o iudc iïm%odh .rel;ajh o ldka;d /ljrKh o wd.ñl ixialD;sl fufyjr o

bgq lsÍug rdcH md,lhka fmd,Ujd we;s nj'

i;r ix.%y jia;=

• odkh" ms%hjpkh Tiafia w¾:pßhdj yd iudkd;au;dj hkq i;r ix.%y jia;+ka nj'

• tu ls%hdud¾. Tiafia m%cdjg ix.%y lsÍu md,lhdf.ka wfmalaId flfrk nj'

• odkh kï m%cd iqNidOkh hs' th m<uq jk ix.%y jia;= nj'

• ms%h jpkh kï" iqyo yd ms%hukdm ikaksfõokh nj'

• w¾:p¾hd kï wkqkaf.a ÈhqKqj i|yd wjYH ls%hdud¾. nj'

• iudkd;au;d kï cd;s l=, f.da;% wdÈh fkdi,ld ieug iudk j ie,lSu nj'

• ßh ilg lv weKh fuka iudcfha hymeje;aug fuu i;r ix.%y jia;= Wmfhda.S

jk nj'

i;r w.;s úr;sh

• Pkaoh" oafõYh" Nh" fudayh hkqfjka i;r w.;sh ye¢kafjk nj'

• Pkao w.;sh hkq ish leue;a; uq,a fldg f.k w.;s.dó j ysñhka wysñhka lsÍu nj'

53

• oafõY w.;sh hkq ;ryfjka w.;shg f.dia jerÈ ls%hdjka lsÍu jk nj'

• Nh w.;sh hkq" wfkfll=f.a n,hg we;s Nh ksid w.;s.dó j ls%hd lsÍu nj'

• fuday w.;sh hkq" wkjfndaOh ksid jerÈ ls%hdj, ksr; ùu nj'

• fuu lreKq i;frka w.;shg hdfuka wjmlaIfha i| fuka msßySï o w.;shg

fkdhdfuka mqr mlaIfha i| fuka ÈhqKqj o isÿjk nj'

f,dal md,k O¾u

• ysß T;ma fol f,dalmd,k O¾u jk nj'

• tajd foaj O¾u f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• tfia u ima;d¾h Okhg we;=<;a jk nj'

• fn!oaO md,lhl= wjYHfhka u f,dal md,k O¾uhkag wkq.; j ls%hd l< hq;= nj'

l+goka; iQ;%d.; foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u

• l+goka; iQ;%h wkqj id¾:l rdcH md,lhl= ùug wjYH iqÿiqlï ud,djla ±laúh

yels nj'

1' ujqmsh fomiska wNscd; ms<s.;a ;eke;a;l= ùu'

2' Ok OdkH we;s biqreu;a mqoa.,hl= ùu'

3' uyd ±k W.;alulska hqla; ùu'

4' m%idoh t<jk iq¨ ;eke;a;l= ùu'

5' is,aj;a ùu'

6' hym;a f;mq,a we;a;l= ùu'

7' n,j;a jQ wK ms<smÈk isjqrÕ fikÕla we;a;l= ùu'

8' Y%oaOdjka; odkm;shl= ùu'

9' kqjKe;a;l= yd W.;l= ùu'

10. md,lhd úiska ish rdcHfha wmrdO j<lajd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍug ls%hdud¾.

wkq.ukh l< hq;= ùu'

md,k ;ka;%h úIhfhys m%cd j.lSï

• md,lhd úiska ck;d Y=N isoaêh msKsi bgq l< hq;= j.lSï yd ld¾hNdrh iqúYd, h'

rgla hym;a wdldrfhka ÈhqKqj lrd .uka lsÍu yqfola md,l mlaIh úiska muKla

isÿ l< yels lreKla fkdfõ' ta i|yd ck;djf.ka o b;d jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq

úh hq;= nj'

• rc;=ud m;a lsÍu ms<sn| w.a.[a[ iQ;%d.; m<uq iïuq;sfhka u ck;dj fmdfrdkaÿ

ù we;af;a zwïydlx id,Skx Nd.x wkqmamoiaidñZ hkqfjks' thska lshfjkafka ck;dj

ksis mßÈ nÿ f.úh hq;= nj hs' rgla iudc iqNidOkh we;=`M md,k ;ka;%fha

hdka;%Kh ls%hd;aul jkafka ck;djf.ka tl;= lr .kakd nÿ uqo,aj,sks' tfyhska

ksis mßÈ nÿ f.ùu ck;djf.a hq;=lula nj'

54

• ck;djf.a wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg wjYH myiqlï ie,iSu" md,l mlaIfha j.lSula

jqjo ish,a, rchlska lrfok f;la n,d fkdisg ;udf.a wd¾Ól iajhxfmdaIKh

msKsi W;aidyfhka wêIaGdkYS,S j lghq;= lsÍu ck;djf.a j.lSula nj'

• fmdÿ foam< rcfha hehs i,ld fkdie,ls,su;a f,i mßyrKh lsÍu;a" tajd úkdY

ùug bv§u;a fkdl< hq;= h' rdcH foam< uyck foam< neúka ;udf.a jia;=j fia

i,ld /l.; hq;= nj'

• rcfha ld¾hd,hSh fN!;sl iïm;a ^hdk jdyk" uqo,a" hka;% iQ;%" ,smsøjH wdÈh&

wjNdú; fkdl< hq;= nj'

• rdcH fiajfha fõjd" fm!oa.,sl fiajfha fõjd ld,h wmf;a fkdhjd jev w;miq

fkdfldg ld,h kslrefKa f.jd fkdoud j.lSfuka rg fjkqfjka ish rdcldßh

bgq l< hq;= nj'

• fm!oa.,sl iïm;a jqj o wêmßfNdackfhka je<lS" iïm;a wdrlaId lsÍug ls%hd l<

hq;= nj'

• ck;djf.a Y=N isoaêh Wfoid mkjd we;s kS;sÍ;s fkdlv fldg wdrlaId l< hq;= nj'

• wdmodmkak wjia:dj, § wmyiq;d ú| ord f.k bjiSfuka lghq;= l< hq;= nj'

• wd;aud¾:fhka f;dr j iudc Y=N isoaêh .ek o i,ld lghq;= l< hq;= nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udK uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1. zhym;a md,khla Wfoid fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u fhdod.; yels hZ hk ud;Dldj

hgf;a l;djla meje;aùug isiqjd fhduq lrkak'

2. hym;a md,khlg fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u Wmfhda.s jk wdldrh fmkajd foñka

ì;a;s mqj;am;lg ,smshla ,sùug fhduq lrkak'

3. hym;a mßmd,k ;ka;%hla f.dvkeÕSfuys ,d ck iïu;h m%n, idOlhla jk

wdldrh fmkajd§ug iQ;% wkqidrfhka lreKq bÈßm;aa lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

4' zks;r /iaùuZ kï wmßydkSh O¾uh kQ;k rdcH md,kfhys ,d jeo.;a jk

uQ,O¾uhla nj fmkajd§ug" l;djl msgm;la ilia lrkak'

5' oirdc O¾uh" i;r ix.%y jia;=j" oiilaú;s j;a wdÈ fn!oaO foaYmd,k uQ,O¾u

Wmfhda.S lrf.k" isiqka lKavdhï ;=klg fhdod m%fya,sldjla ilia lrkak'

6' zi;r ix.%y jia;=j uÕska m%cdjg ix.%y lrk md,lhd wmrdð; md,lfhls'Z fuh

úuikak'

55

mßYS,khg (

• w.a.[a[ iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• l+goka; iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• uydmßksíndk iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• rÊc iQ;%h - ixhqla; ksldh

• idrkaoo iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• ix.yj;a:q iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• w.;skd.; iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• plaldkqj;a;k iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wOïñl iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh uQ,O¾u - pkaÈu úfÊnKavdr

yd jxY l:dj tÉ'tï' fudrgqj.u

• nqÿiufha foaYmd,k Ñka;kh - tia' ohd m%kdkaÿ ^1984&

weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

• nqÿiufhka fy<sjk - O¾ufiak fyÜáwdrÉÑ ^1991&

fn!oaO wd¾Ól o¾Ykh wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

• rdcH md,khg fn!oaO Wmfoia - .=Kfiak uy;ka;%s

• ñksia .eg¨ ms<sn`o fn!oaO ú.%yh - ;siai {dK;s,l ^1984&

weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

• fn!oaO ixialD;sh - foajdf,.u fïOdkkao ysñ

^iudc Ñka;kh mqo isß;a yd W;aij& ;e?f,a Oïur;k ysñ

ví' ta' .dñKS úchisxy ^2011&

l¾;D m%ldYk

56

ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfha hymeje;aug Wmfhda. jk fn!oaO wdpdr

O¾u wOHhkh lr WNhd¾: idOkhg l%shd lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( mskamõ l=i,a wl=i,a ye¢k .ksñka fyd| krl úksYaph

lsÍfuys ,d Ndú; fn!oaO ks¾Kdhl meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 18 hs'

bf.kqï m, (• fyd| krl ksYaph lsÍfuys ,d Ndú; ks¾Kdhl ksrjq,a j y÷kd .kshs'• iodpdrd;aul j Ôj;a ùug wêIaGdk lr .kshs'• mõ neyer fldg l=i,a oyï jvhs'

• l=i,a oyï i|yd iudch fmd,Ujhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

l< hq;= yd fkd l< hq;= fyd| krl ls%hd ;SrKh l< hq;= ñkqï o`vq y÷kajdfoñka

iajd¾:h yd mrd¾:h msKsi fya;= jk idOqp¾hdj,g YsIHhd keUqre lsÍu;a ;udg yd

furudg ydkslr widOqp¾hdj,ska YsIHhd wE;a lsÍug fhduq lsÍu;a fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

fyd| krl ksYaph lsÍfuys ,d Ndú; fn!oaO ks¾Kdhl'

• nqÿiufha mqoa., p¾hdjka we.hqï lrKhg ,la lrk fn!oaO jHjydr" fyd|-krl

mq[a[-mdm" l=i,-wl=i," idOq-widOq" iïud-ñÉPd" lrKSh- wlrKSh" ú[aûmi;a:"

ú[aûm.rys;" fhÿï wdÈfhka ms<sìUq jk nj'

• pß; we.hqï lrKhg Ndú; fn!oaO jHjydr nd,-mKaä;" imamqßi-wimamqßi" mq[a[jd-

mdmsjd wdÈ jYfhka oelaúh yels nj'

• fuu we.hqï lrKh isÿ fldg we;af;a hï hï ks¾Kdhl mokï lrf.k nj'

• tu ks¾Kdhl m%Odk jYfhka fÉ;kdj yd úmdlh mokï fldg we;s nj'

• f,daN" oafõI" fuday" hk fÉ;kd uq,a fldg .;a ls%hd wl=Y, l¾u nj'

• wf,daN" wfodaI" wfuday" hk fÉ;kd uq,a fldg .;a ls%hd l=Y, l%shd jk nj'

• Oïu moh hul j.a.fha zufkda mqínx.ud Oïud'''''Z hk m<uq yd fojk .d:dj,ska

l%shd ;SrKh lsÍfuys ,d fÉ;kdj iy úmdlh mdol fldg .ekSug W.kajd we;s nj'

• zfÉ;kdyx NslaLfõ lïux jodó''''Z wdÈ foaYkdfjka o l¾u ksYapfhys ,d fÉ;kdj u

mdol fldg .; yels whqre meyeÈ,s jk nj'

• ld,du iQ;%fha § o fÉ;kdj yd úmdlh wkqj l=Y, wl=Y, l¾u ksYaph lsÍug uÕ

fmkajd we;s nj'

• hï l%shdjla fldg miq;eú,a,g m;afjñka l÷¿ msß fofk;ska úmdl ú£ug isÿ fõ

kï tjeks oE krl l%shd jk nj'

• hï l%shdjla fldg miq;eùug isÿ fkdfõ kï iskduqiq uqyqKska úmdl ú£ug yels fõ

kï tjeks oE fyd| l%shd jk nj'

57

• bO ;mam;s fmÉp ;mam;s" bO kkao;s fmÉp kkao;s wdÈ Oïu mo foaYkdj, o

fuf,dj yd mrf,dj jYfhka úmdlh uq,a fldg mska-mõ ;SrKh lsÍug W.kajd we;s

nj'

• wïn,ÜÀl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%fha § o ;udg yd wkqkag fuka u fomlaIhg u whym;la

jk l%shd krl l%shd f,i;a hym;la jk l%shd fyd| l%shd f,i;a fmkajd § we;s nj'

• ;ud ms<sn| j o f,dalhd ms<sn| j o O¾uh ms<sn| j o wêm;s fldg is;d fyd| krl

ksYaph l< yels nj'

• levm;lska ;ud u ;u isrer ksÍlaIKh lrkakd fia ;u ldhsl" jdpisl yd

udkisl l%shd m%;HfõlaId l< hq;= nj'

• w;a;dkx Wmuxl;ajd wdÈ jYfhka oelafjk w;a;+mkdhsl O¾uh wkqj o fyd| krl

ksYaph l< yels nj'

• rd." oafõY" fuday iy.; ls%hd fkdl< hq;= widOq mdm ls%hd f,i olajk ld,du iQ;%h

;ud úiska u iajdëk j is;d n,d ;SrKh l< hq;= hhs olajk nj'

oi mska lsßhj;a

• odk iS,xp Ndjkd - m;a;sm;a;dkqfudaokd

fjhHdjÉpdmpdhxp foaikd iq;s ÈÜÀcq

hkqfjka oi mska lsßhj;la nqÿiufhys b.ekafjk nj'

• oi mska lsßhj;aj, ksr; ùfuka .=K.rel iudchla f.dvkefÕk nj'

oi l=i,a yd oi wl=i,a

• f,daN" fodaI" fuday" fÉ;kd mQ¾jdx.u ls%hd wl=i,a hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'

• tjeks wl=i,a oyhla fn!oaO idys;Hfhys iqúfYaI fldg olajd we;s nj yd tajd

oi wl=i,a kdufhka ye¢kafjk nj th"

mdK>d; mroaOínx - mrodrxp ldhf;da

uqidfmaiq[a[ Mreid- iïMmam,dmd jdpf;da

wNsÊCOdfÉj jHdmdfoda - ñÉPd ÈÜÀp udkfida

hkqfjka ±lafjk nj'

• ta wkqj m%dK>d;h" wo;a;dodkh" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh" fmiq[a[ fyj;a fla<dï

lSu" mreI jpkh" ysia jpkh" wNsOHdj" jHdmdoh" ñ:HdoDIaáh" oiwl=i,a kï jk

nj'

• fuu oi wl=i,a" ldhsl j" jdpisl j fuka u udkisl j o isÿ jk nj'

• oi wl=i,fhka fjka j lghq;= lsÍu oi l=i,h f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

58

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1 fyd| krl úksYaph ms<sn| fn!oaO ks¾Kdhl hk f;audj hgf;a nqÿirK

mqj;am;g ,smshla ilia lrkak'

2 nqÿ iuhg wkqj mõ neyer fldg l=i,a oyï jvkafka flfia o@ hkak ud;Dld

lr .ksñka fn!oaO ix.ï uyd iNd /iaùfï § lsÍug iqÿiq l:djla ilia

lrkak'

3' oi l=i,a yd oi wl=i,a ms<sn| j.=jla ks¾udKh lrkak'

4' zoka §u" j;dj;a lsÍu" O¾u foaYkdZ hk f;audjka Tiafia m%dfhda.sl jevuq̀Mjla

ilikak'

5' oi l=i,a kï lsÍug i,iajd tajd ldhsl jdpisl" udkisl jYfhka m%fNao jk

whqre j¾.SlrKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

6' flaimq;a;fha ld,duhkag fyd| krl f;dard .ekSu i|yd ,nd fok ñkqï o`vq

Wmfhda.S lrf.k jdÑl mÍlaIKhla ilikak'

mßYS,khg (

• wïn,ÜÀl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• fõ`Moajdr iQ;%h - ixhqla; ksldh

• ld,du iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• ksífíÈl iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• l=i, iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wdêmf;hH iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• Oïu moh - Lqoaol ksldh

• ks¾jdKh yd iodpdrh - §.,af,a uyskao ysñ

• fn!oaO iodpdrfha uQ,O¾u - .=Kmd, O¾uisß ̂ 1988&

i¾fjdaoh" r;au,dk

59

ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfha hymeje;aug Wmfhda. jk fn!oaO

wdpdr O¾u wOHhkh lr WNhd¾: idOkhg l%shd lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( mqoa., yd iudc ixj¾Okhg wÞ< fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u ye¢k

.kshs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 18 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• fn!oaO idrO¾u ksjerÈ j úia;r lrhs'

•iyÔjkfhka Ôj;a ùug yqre fjhs'

•fn!oaO idrO¾udkql+, j Èú f.jhs'

•hy.=K j¾Okhg wkqn, fohs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

mqoa.,hd fn!oaO idrO¾uj,ska fmdaIKh fldg" ta uÕska iodpdriïmkak fn!oaO

iudchla ks¾udKh lsÍug wjYH uQ,sl .=K O¾u ms<sn| m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla

,ndfoñka tu idrO¾u m%dfhda.sl j Ndú;hg fhduq lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

Y%oaOdj (

• wuQ,sld Y%oaOdj yd wdldrj;S Y%oaOdj hkqfjka fn!oaO Y%oaOdj fohdldr jk

nj'

• wuQ,sld Y%oaOdj yqÿ úYajdih" Nla;sh" meye§u wdÈ ufkdaNdjhka yd iu jk nj'

• wuQ,sld Y%oaOdj nqÿiuh uÕska w.h fkdflfrk nj'

• nqoaOdÈ r;ak;%hfha .=K oel oek th wjfndaOh u; we;s lr.kakd meyeoSu wdldrj;S

Y%oaOdj jk nj'

• wjYHfhka u fn!oaOhl= ;=< f;rejka ms<sn| Y%oaOdj mej;sh hq;= nj'

• Y%oaOdj fn!oaO m%;smodj wkq.ukh lsÍug;a" {dk m%;s,dNh msKsi;a mqoa.,hd

fmd,Ujk ufkdaNdjhla jk nj'

• fn!oaO Y%oaOdj m%{dfjka f;dr jQjla fkdjk nj'

mkais,a yd wgis,a

• .Dyia: m%;smodfõ moku mxpiS,h jk nj'

• th ks;H iS,h f,i;a f.ayisL iS,h f,i;a ye¢kafjk nj'

• mxpiS, m%;smodfjka ;u whs;sh fukau wkqkaf.a whs;sh o iqrlaIs; jk nj'

• mkais,a iq/lSu uÕska iqrlaIs;" fi!LH iïmkak" wfkHdakH úYajdifhka hq;a YsIag

iïmkak iudchla ìys jk nj'

• mxpiS, m%;smodj uÕska udkj whs;Ska iqrlaIs; ù iudc iyÔjkh ie,fik nj'

• .Dyia:hl= úiska i;r fmdahg wIagdx. iS,h /lsh hq;= hehs W.kajd we;s nj'

• tu iS,h wdOHd;añl ixj¾Okh msKsi o jvd;a fõ.fhka ks¾jdK ud¾.h foig

mqoa.,hd fhduq lsÍu msKsi o bjy,a jk nj'

• wIagdx. iS,h wdrlaId lrkakd" fkd l< hq;a; fkd lr múka j<lsk nj yd l<

hq;a; lrñka w,afmaÉP wdldrhg lghq;= l< hq;= nj'

60

isjqnU úyrK

• fu;a;d" lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hkq isjqnU úyrK jk nj'

• n%yau úydr ish¨ i;a;ajhka úIhfhys me;sr úh hq;= Ñka;djka jk nj'

• .sysmeúÈ fomlaIh úiska u Yla;s m%udKfhka fuu n%yau úydr O¾u m%.=K l<

hq;= nj'

• isjqnU úyrK iSudjlska f;dr j jeäh hq;= neúka wmamu[a[d kï jk nj'

• iudc iyÔjkhg n%yau úydr fnfyúka Wmldr jk nj'

i;r ix.%y jia;=

• u;= n,dfmdfrd;a;= lsisjla ke;s j" oSu fyj;a odkh" m%shYS,S l;dny fyj;a m%sh

jpkh" wkqkaf.a hym;g l%shd lsÍu fyj;a w¾: p¾hdj" Wiañálï fkdie,lSu

fyj;a iudkd;au;dj hkq i;r ix.%y jia;=j nj'

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha o i;r ix.%y jia;= .sys cSú;hla ;=< ;sìh hq;= hehs W.kajd we;s

nj'

• ßhilg lv weKh fuka iudcfha hymeje;aug i;r ix.%y jia;= Wmfhda.s jk nj

• úfYaIfhka u rdcH md,lhl= úiska m%cdjg fuu i;r lreKska ix.%y l< hq;= hehs

oelafjk nj'

ysß T;ma

• mõlï fyj;a <dul l%shd úIfhys ,Êcdj iy ìh ysß T;ma kï jk nj'

• iudchl hymeje;aug tu idrO¾u w;HjYH jk nj'

• f,dalmd,l O¾u fyj;a foajO¾uh f,i o ysß T;ma y÷kajd we;s nj'

w,afmaÉP;dj

• ,o muKska i;=gq ùu" myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yels ùu" lghq;= nyq, fkd ùu"

ieye,a¨ osú fmfj;la .; lsÍu" bJo%sh ixjrh" ir, meje;au uÕska w,afmaÉP;dj

w¾:j;a jk nj'

• fndfyda iem iïm;a wfmalaaId fkd lsÍu" wju mßfNdackfhka ;Dma;su;a ùu

w,afmaÉP;dj nj'

• fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafiaf.a Ôú;h w,afmaÉP;dj ksrEmKh lrk nj'

• ieu mqoa.,hl=f.a u Ôú;h w,afmaÉP;djg wkqj ilid .; hq;= nj'

• uysÉP;dj ksid we;s jk iudc m%Yak fuka u mqoa., mßydksh o md,kh lr

.ekSug w,afmaÉP;dj bjy,a jk nj'

ika;=Iaá;dj• ±yeñ jQ;a YsIagiïmkak jQ;a udkisl ;Dma;sh ika;=Iaá;d kñka ye¢kafjk nj'

• ika;=ÜÀ mrux Okx hkafkka i;=g ðú;fha W;=ï Okh f,i nqÿiuh i,lk nj'

• wka wh ;<d fm<d ÿlg m;a fldg ysxidjd§ j ,nk i;=g W;=ï i;=gla fkdjk nj'

61

iqNr;dj

• myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yels h hkak iqNr;dfjka w¾: .ekafjk nj'

• NslaIq Ôú;h uÕska tu wdo¾Yh ,efnk nj'

• YsIH Ôú;h o iqNr;dfjka hqla; úh hq;= nj'

• iqNr;dj ksid ;udg fuka u wkqkag o hym;la jk nj'

kS;s .rel;ajh yd iyÔjkh

• kS;s .rel;ajh wmßydkSh O¾uhla f,i ±lafjk nj'

• iduQysl Ôú;fha § kS;s.rel;ajfha wjYH;dj YslaIdmo mekùfï mrud¾: Tiafia

meyeÈ,s jk nj'

• nqÿoyu uÕska o`vqju m%;slafIam fkdjk kuqÿ th wmrdO je<elaùfï tl u ms<shu

f,i ms<sf.k ke;s nj'

• kS;sh iudc iïu;hla nj yd tu iïu;hka fkd blaujd l%shd l< hq;= hehs b.ekafjk

nj'

• ñksid jrog fm,fUk fya;= ke;s fldg wmrdO ke;s lsÍu fn!oaO ms<sfj; nj'

• kS;s .rel ùu iduQysl meje;aug yd iuÕshg uÕmdok nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' mqoa., yd iudc ixj¾Okhg wod< fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u kï lr ta tla tla ixl,am

úia;r lrk fmd;a msxpla ks¾udKh lrkak'

2' mqoa., yd iudc ixj¾Okhg wod< fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u NslaIQka jykafiag fia u

.syshdg o b;d jeo.;a h' ta ms<sn| j <uhska fmr±ß lrf.k ixjdohla f.dvk.kak'

3' fn!oaO wdpdr O¾u uÕsaka .sys Ôú;h h:d¾:j;a lr .kakd wdldrh meyeÈ,s jk

ud;Dld lSmhla kï fldg laIKsl l:d jdrhla mj;ajkak'

4' i;r ix.%y jia;= nqoaO pß;fhka m%lg jQ wjia:d ms<sn| f,aLkhla ilikak'

5' zmqoa., yd iudc ixj¾Okh i|yd foajO¾uh w;HjYH fõZ hk f;audj Tiafia

,smshla ilia lrkak'

6' kS;s.rel Èú fmfj;la Wfoid nqÿ oyñka ,nd.; yels wdo¾Y fm< .iajkak'

mßYS,khg (

• plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• l+goka; iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• uyd mßksíndk iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

• n%yauúydr iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• Oïñl iQ;%h - iq;a; ksmd;h

• fu;a; iQ;%h - iq;a; ksmd;h

• foaj O¾u cd;;h - mkaish mkia cd;lh

62

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( mßirh" wd¾Ólh yd fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|fn!oaO b.ekaùï m%dfhda.sl j Ndú; lrñka w¾:j;a yd ;Dma;su;a

Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( mßirh ms<sn| fn!oaO wdl,amh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 19 hs'

bf.kqï m, (• mßirh yd fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh ms<sn| fn!oaO wdl,amh wkdjrKh lr .kshs'• mßir ixrlaIKhg yd fi!kao¾h ridiajdohg fm,fUhs'• Ôú;h ixfõ§ j yd h:d¾:jd§ j .; lrhs'

• i;a;aj m%cdjf.a hymeje;au Wfoid lghq;= lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

nqÿiuh yd mßirh w;r mj;akd ióm in|;dj;a mßir ixrlaIKh ms<sn| j nqÿoyfï

wjOdkh;a wOHhkh lrñka mßir ys;ldó" fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh w.h lrk

ixfõ§;djka orejka ;=< we;s lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

nqÿiuh yd mßirh

• Ydl yd i;a;aj m%cdj o" c,h" jd;h wdÈ iajdNdúl jia;+ka o mßirhg wh;a wx. jk

nj'

• nqÿiuh iajdNdúl iïm;a úIhfhys iqyo ñ;%YS,S wjOdkhla fhduq fldg we;s

nj'

• i;a;aj m%cdj wdrlaId lsÍug;a jDlaI,;d frdamKhg yd rlaIKhg;a" c, ¥IKh" jdhq

¥IKh Yío ¥IKh wdÈ mßirhg wys;lr oE je<elaùug;a fn!oaO b.ekaùï uÕska

úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lr we;s nj'

• nqÿisß;" NslaIq cSú;h yd mßirh w;r ióm in|;djla mej;s nj'

mßir ixrlaIKh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• mßir ixrlaIKh i|yd wod< lr.; yels w.kd Wmfoia /ila nqÿiufhys we;=<;a

nj'

• nqÿ rcdKka jykafia fuka u Y%djl NslaIQka o msú;=re iqkaor mßirhg we¨ï l< nj

yd ióm jQ nj'

• ixhqla; ksldfha jkfrdam iQ;%fha jDlaI,;d yd mßirh ixrlaIKhg wod< b.ekaùï

bosßm;a fldg we;s nj'

wdrdu frdamd jk frdamd

fha ckd fia;= ldrld

mm[ap Womdkxp

fha ooka;s Wmiaihx

f;aix Èjdp r;af;dap

iod mq[a[x mjâV;s

OïuÜGd iS, iïmkakd

f;a ckd i.a..dñfkda

63

• úkh YslaIdjkays fuka u fiaÅhdj, o mßir ixrlaIKhg wod< lreKq we;=<;a jk nj'

• .iaje,a is§u" ish¨ wdldrfha me< jk îc is§u NslaIQkag wdm;a;s f,i olajd we;s

nj'

• j¾;udk ñksidf.a we;eï ls%hdldrlï mßirhg wys;lr f,i n,md we;s nj iy

th ñksid iys; i;a;aj yd Ydl m%cdfõ hymeje;aug ;¾ckhla ù we;s nj'

• c,hg uq;%d lsÍu" u,my lsÍu" fl< .eiSu NslaIQkag ;ykï fldg we;s nj'

• ks,a ;K msÜgksj, uq;%d lsÍu " u,my lsÍu" fl< .eiSu NslaIQkag ;ykï fldg we;s

nj'

fi!kao¾h ridiajdokh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• fi!kao¾h ridiajdokh nqÿoyu ;=< wj;lafiare lr ke;s nj'

• nqÿrÿka Wiia ri úkaokh w.h lr we;s nj'

• nqoaO Y%djl - Y%dúldjka Ndjkdj uÕska ,enQ ldhsl yd udkisl ieye,a¨j o we;s j

ksflf,ia weiska iqkaor;ajh úkaokh fldg we;s nj'

• iajNdj fi!kao¾hh yd ks¾udK fi!kao¾hh we.hSug ,la fldg we;s wjia:d uQ,sl

iQ;%j, mjd nyq, j ±lsh yels nj'

• úfõlh Od¾ñl j .; lsÍfï § Wiia ldjH" Ñ;%" uQ¾;s jeks l,d udOH uÕska ish

w;a±lSï ikaksfõokh l< yels nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' mßir ixrlaIKh i|yd wod< lr.; yels w.kd Wmfoia /ila nqÿiufha we;=<;a

fõ' tajd úia;r lrkak'

2' nqÿ rcdKka jykafia fuka u Y%djlhka jykafia,d o iqkaor mßirh w.h l<

wdldrh ms<sn| lreKq .fõIKhg isiqka fhduq lrkak'

3' zmdßißl ruKSh;ajh nqÿoyñka we.hSug ,la fõZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a idlÉPd

uKavmhla mj;ajkak'

4' nqÿoyñka we.hSug ,la lr we;s iajNdj fi!kao¾hh yd ks¾udK fi!kao¾hh

ms<sn|j lreKq we;=<;a iQ;% yd tu iQ;%j,ska ,nd.;a lreKq fjka fjka j olajd

mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

5' iduQysl j úkaokh l< yels Od¾ñl úfkdaodiajdo ms<sn| f,aLkhla ilia lrkak'

6' ry;ka jykafia,d iajNdj fi!kao¾hh ú|.;a wdldrh ±lafjk f:ar.d:d yd tajdfha

woyia we;=<;a l=vd fmd;la ms<sfh< lrkak'

64

mßYS,khg (

• ilalm[ay iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• uydmßksíndK iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• plalj;a;S iSykdo iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• jx.Si ixhq;a;h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• jkfrdam iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• foaj;d ixhq;a;h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• ta;o.a.md,sh - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• f:r f:ß .d:d - Lqoaol ksldh

• Oïu moh ^204 .d:dj& - Lqoaol ksldh

• cd;l md<s ^84 .d:dj& - Lqoaol ksldh

• fu;a; iQ;%h - iq;a; ksmd;h

• fiaÅhd Oïu - mdÑ;a;sh md,s

• N+;.du j.a.h - mdÑ;a;sh md,s

• nqÿoyu yd mßirh - foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ

• md,s - ;s%msglfha tk

fi!kao¾h j¾Kkd - fifkúr;ak uyf,alï

65

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( mßirh" wd¾Ólh yd fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|

fn!oaO b.ekaùï m%dfhda.sl j Ndú; lrñka w¾:j;a yd ;Dma;su;a

Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 ( wd¾Ólh ms<sn| fn!oaO Ñka;kh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 17 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• wd¾Ólh iïnkaO fn!oaO wdl,amh uQ,dY%hdkqidrfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úêu;a wd¾Ól iuDoaêhla we;s lr .ekSug Wkkaÿ fjhs'

• Od¾ñl wd¾Ól m%;smodjlg wkq.; j l%shd lrhs'

• úêu;a yd ±yeñ wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ilia lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

Y%uh yd Okh w;r mj;akd iïnkaOh wjOdrKh lrñka ±yeñ Ofkdamdhk ud¾.hlg

isiq uki fhduq lsÍu;a iudc iyÔjkh ie,fik mßfNdack rgdjlg yqre lsÍu;a Ok

iïm;a iqrlaIs; lsÍug fhduq lsÍu;a fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

Ofkdamdhkh" Ok mßyrKh yd wd¾Ól iqrlaIs;;dj ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu

• È<s÷lu ldufNda.S .syshdg ÿlla f,i nqÿiuh W.kajk nj'

• Ok iïm;a fkdue;s ùu iudc jHikhkag fya;= jk nj'

• wd¾Ól iuDoaêh we;s lr .ekSu .Dyia: ðú;fha id¾:l;ajhg w;HjYH

idOlhla f,i nqÿiuh wjOdrKh lrk nj'

• Od¾ñl j Okh bmehsh hq;= hehs nqÿiuh W.kajd we;s nj'

• iïm;a mßfNdackfhys ,d nqÿiuh mßfNdack o¾Ykhla bÈßm;a lr we;s nj

yd w.Óf;dA" wuqÉðf;da" wkÊCOdmkafkda wd§kj oiaidú" ksiairK m[a[d

wdÈ jYfhka th ±lafjk nj'

• fkdl< hq;= fjf<|dï fuka u ;=,dl+g" lxil+g" udkl+g" Wlafldagk" ksl;s

wdÈ úúO jdxpksl lghq;=j,ska uqo,a bmhSu fkdl< hq;= hehs oelafjk nj'

• Okh bmhSu ±yeñ j yd widyisl j isÿ l< hq;= nj'

• rdish .dñKS iQ;%fha § Ok mßyrKh ms<sn| Wmfoia 4la fmkajd § we;s nj'

• tajd oeyeñka bmhSu" ;ud iemj;a ùu" mß;Hd. lsÍu yd .scqlñka f;dr j

Okh mßyrKh lsÍu wdÈ jYfhka oelaúh yels nj'

• m;a;lïu iQ;%fha § yd wmq;a;l iQ;%fha ;ud fuka u ujqmsh" wUqore" fiajl

fiaúld wd§ka iemj;a lsÍu msKsi ish Okh mßyrKh l< hq;= hehs foaYkd

fldg we;s nj'

66

• [d;sn,s" w;sÓn,s" mqínfma;n,s" rdcn,s" foaj;dn,s jYfhka Okfhka isÿ l< hq;=

hq;=lï m[apn,s ixl,amfhys we;=<;a nj'

• jH.a>mÊc iQ;%fha ±lafjk iuÔúl;dfjka ukd l<ukdldß;ajfhka hq;= j Okh

mßyrKh lsÍug W.kajd we;s nj'

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha zztaflakfNdaf.a N=[afchH'''''''ZZ wdÈ .d:dfjka iïm;a

l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| jákd O¾fudamfoaYhla olajd we;s nj'

Y%uh" Okh yd iudc iqNisoaêh w;r mj;sk wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu

• Okh msKsi Y%uh jeh lsßu wksjd¾h neúka wk,ia j W;aidyfhka yd

ù¾hfhka ls%hd l< hq;= nj'

• ;u Y%uh Od¾ñl Ôúld jD;a;Skays fhoúh hq;= nj iy Okh msKsi lsis ÿ

wdldrhl wOd¾ñl ls%hdjl W;aidyj;a fkdúh hq;= nj'

• ±yeñ j bmhQ Okh iqrlaIs; lr .ekSu msKsi WmdhYS,S j Ok mßydks uqL jid

±ñh hq;= nj'

• múgq ñ;=rkaf.ka ÿre j" l,HdK ñ;% fiajkh we;s j l%shd l< hq;= nj'

• Okh miqmi yUdf.k hdu;a" Ok iïm;a Ôú;fha ksIaGdj f,i fkdie,lSu;a

iïm;a f.dv .id fkd f.k ixirKhg yd mßyrKhg bv yeÍu;a l< hq;=

nj'

• hq;=lï yd j.lSï fjkqfjka ;u ±yeñ Okh lem l< hq;= nj'

• f,!lsl iïm;aj, h:d¾:h ±l w;Dma;slr Ndjfhka yd ;Kaydodi Ndjfhka

ñ§ mßyrKh lsÍu iudc iqNisoaêhg fya;= jk nj'

• ima; wd¾h Okh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu wdOHd;añl yd iudÔh hym;g

>Dcq j n,mdk nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' fn!oaO uQ,dY%hhkays Okh bmhSu" mßfNdackh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùu we;=<;a jk

neúka tu b.ekaùu fidhd f,aLk.; lrkakg isiqka .fõIKfha fhdojkak'

2' isiqka tla/ia lr.;a lreKq f.dkq lrkakg Wmfoia fokak' ta lreKq f,!lsl

f,daflda;a;r jYfhka j¾. lrkakg isiqka fufyhjkak'

3' zf,daflda;a;r iemh Wiia jk w;r th f,!lsl iem idod .ekSug ndOd fkdúh

hq;=hZ hk woyi hgf;a flá ,smshla ilia lrkak'

4' Wmhd .kakd Okh wkqjKlñka we;eïyq úkdY lr .ks;s' tfia wkqjKlñka Okh

úkdY lr .kakd ,o l%u ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'

67

5' zKh.e;s nj mqoa., mßydkshg n,mdhsZ

fï ud;Dldj hgf;a ì;a;s mqj;am;l m< lsÍu i|yd ,smshla ilia lrkak'

6' zÿrdpdrhg fya;=j oßø;dj hs" ÿrdpdrhg fya;=j oßø;dj u fkdfõZ hk f;audj

Tiafia mka;s ldurfha újdohla iQodkï lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

• is.d,l iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• l+goka; iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• plaLj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%h - §> ksldh

• rdish iQ;%h - ixhq;a; ksldh

• mGu yd ÿ;sh wmq;a;l iQ;% - ixhq;a; ksldh

• l=, iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• bK iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wkK iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wkaO iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wßhjxi iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• ldufNda.s iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• jKscac iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• mdmKsl iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• jH.a>mÊc iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• m;a;lïu iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• Oïumoh 49 .d:dj - Lqoaol ksldh

• uq,a nqÿiufhka fy<s jk fn!oaO wd¾Ól o¾Ykh - O¾ufiak fyÜáwdrÉÑ

• fn!oaO wd¾Ól o¾Ykh - fn,s.,af,a Oïufcda;s ysñ'

• Wiia fm< fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

^m<uq jk fldgi&

• fn!oaO ixialD;sh - foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao ysñ'

^iudc Ñka;kh mqoisß;a yd W;aij& ;e?f,a Oïur;k ysñ'

ví' ta' .dñKS úchisxy'

68

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( mßirh" wd¾Ólh yd fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|

fn!oaO b.ekaùï m%dfhda.sl j Ndú; lrñka w¾:j;a yd ;Dma;su;a

Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fn!oaO Ñka;kh

wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 15 hs

bf.kqï m, (

• fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï wOHhkh lrhs'

• fN!;sl iïm;a M,Þhs f,i;a" ld¾hlaIu f,i;a fhdÞ.ekSug yqre fjhs'

• úêu;a l<ukdldß;ajhlska hq;= j ffoksl Ôú;h .; lrhs'

• fN!;sl iïm;a úêu;aj l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï w.h fmkajd fohs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï ye¢k fm!oa.,sl yd iudc Ôú;fha

§ tu l<ukdlrK b.ekaùï Ndú;hg .ekSug fhduq lsÍu;a tuÕska j¾;udkfha fN!;sl

yd udkj iïm;a Ndú;h iïnkaO j we;s .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍug uÕfmkaùu;a fuhska

wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï

• fN!;sl iïm;a M,odhs f,i fhdod .ekSu msKsi l<ukdlrKh

w;HjYH idOlhla jk nj'

• iïm;a ksis mßÈ l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSu .Dyia: ðú;fha ÈhqKqjg w;HjYH

idOlhla nj'

• fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh i`oyd úkh msglh uÕska Wiia uÕ fmkaùula

lr we;s nj'

• l<ukdlrKh úIhfhys wjYH ksis kdhl;ajh nqÿ rÿkaf.ka yd Y%djl NslaIQkaf.ka

iudchg ,nd.; yels nj'

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%h" l=, iQ;%h" jH.a>mÊc iQ;%h wdÈ foaYkdjkays fN!;sl iïm;a

l<ukdlrKhg wod< m%dfhda.sl Wmfoia we;=<;a jk nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=reNj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

5'3'1

69

1' iïm;a hkq fudkjd ±hs isiqkaf.ka úuid Tjqka iudc iïm;a iq/lSu ms<sn| olajk

wdl,am úuikak'

2' fN!;sl iïm;a yd udkj iïm;a M,odhl j fhdod .ekSug wod< fn!oaO b.ekaùï

fjka fjka j igyka lrkak'

3' l<ukdlrKh mqoa.,hdf.a f,!lsl ÈhqKqjg fya;= jk njg we;s idOl iólaIKhg

isiqka fhduq lrkak'

4' ziïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| j fn!oaO b.ekaùï mqoa., ÈhqKqjg ndOdjla fkdfõ'Z

hk ud;Dldj hgf;a idlÉPd uKavmhla mj;ajkak'

5' fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh .ek nqÿoyñka ,nd § we;s mQ¾jdo¾Y ms<sn| f,aLkhla

ilia lr" mka;s ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

6' z .=K cd;lh Z mßYS,kh i|yd isiqka fhduq lr" fldfid,a rcq yd wdkkao ysñ w;r

meje;s Öjr mßyrKh ms<sn| ixjdoh wOHhkh lsÍug i,iajkak' meúÈ Ôú;fha

§ iïm;a l<ukdlrKh isÿ lrk whqre tuÕska wjfndaO lr .ekSug isiqka fhduq

lrkak

mßYS,khg (

• is.df,dajdo iQ;%h - È> ksldh

• pQ,f.daisx. iQ;%h - uÊCêu ksldh

• jH.a>mÊc iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• l=, iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• wkaO iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

• pïfmHhlaLkaOlh - uydj.a.md<s

• nqoaOld,Sk fn!oaO meúÈ Èúh iNd úkh - iql=udr o;a

^isxy, mßj¾;kh& wdkkao fyar;a ̂ 1984&

iuhj¾Ok uqøKd,h" fld<U

• ksjka uÕ ^fn!oaO l<ukdlrKh 2002& - rcfha uqøKd,hSh fn!oaO ix.uh'

• l<ukdlrK ixl,am fn!oaO m%fõYhla - bkaødKs fmf¾rd ̂ 2006&

l¾;D m%ldYk" fndr,eia.uqj

70

ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( mßirh" wd¾Ólh yd fN!;sl iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|

fn!oaO b.ekaùï m%dfhda.sl j Ndú; lrñka w¾:j;a yd ;Dma;su;a

Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4 ( f,!lsl iem ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï ye¢k .kshs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 13 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

• f,!lsl iemh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï úia;r lrhs'

• b÷rka mskùu iSud l< hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'

• Od¾ñl j lïiem ú¢ñka ;Dma;su;a .Dy Ôú;hla .; lrhs'

• wkHhka iuÕ iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

±yeñ bkaøsh mSkkh uÕska ,efnk ±yeñ iemh i;=g okjkakla jk w;r" th ,nd

.ekSug W;aidy lsÍu fuhska wfmalaIs; h'

úIh wka;¾.;h (

• ñksid iqLldó i;a;ajhl= f,i nqÿiuh ms<s.kakd kuqÿ lduiqL,a,sldkq fhda.h

neyer lrk nj'

• iir ÿla iys; hehs nqÿiuh wjOdrKh lrk kuqÿ tys iemhla ke;ehs bka woyia

fkdjk nj iy iodpdrd;aul iSudjka ;=< .sys fn!oaOhd f,!lsl jQ mialï iqj ú£u

fn!oaO b.ekaùïj,g úreoaO fkdjk nj'

• .sysiqL" mínÊcd iqL wdÈ jYfhka fn!oaO b.ekaùïj, iemh ms<sn| úúOdldr

j¾.SlrKhka ±lsh yels nj'

• w;aÓ" fNda." wkK" wkjÊc hk iqLhka .sys iemh iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a jk w;r

.Dyia: cSú;hg wod< j tu iem nqÿ iufhys w.h fldg we;s nj'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh i|yd Wmfoia (

ksmqK;d uÜgu wkqj bf.kqï m, idOkh jQ m%udKh uek ne,Sug iqÿiq wdldrfha

ks¾Kdhl ilia lr .ekSug .=re Nj;dg ksoyi we;' my; i|yka we.hSï o fhdod.;

yels h'

1' ±yeñ lïiqj ú£fï i;=g yd wOd¾ñl lïiqj ú£fï úmdl ms<sn| j isiqka iuÕ

idlÉPd lrkak'

2' Kh.e;s ùfï wd§kj ms<sn| j mka;s ldurfha § l;djla mj;ajkak'

3' wOd¾ñl l%u uÕska iem fidhdhdu ksid mqoa.,hd ÿlg m;ajk wjia:d idlÉPd

lrkak'

71

4' ;sßika fhdaks.; i;=ka mjd iemhg leu;s nj m%lg jk wjia:djla w;a±lSula

weiqßka mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

5' ziemZ ms<sn| úúO m%fNao we;=<;a pdÜ igykla ilia lrkak'

6' zmis÷rka mskùu mru iemh fkdfõZ hk ud;Dldj i|yd ,smshla ilia lrkak'

id¾:l u ,smsh mka;s ldurfha ì;a;s mqj;amf;ys m%isoaO lrkak'

mßYS,khg (

ilalm[ay iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

mdhdis iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

bK iQ;%h - oS> ksldh

wkK iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

jH.a>mÊc iQ;%h - wx.=;a;r ksldh

iqLj.a. ^Oïu moh& - Lqoaol ksldh

72

mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh - ye¢kaùu

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï iy we.hSu wOHdmk ls%hdj,sfha jeo.;a ixrpl ;=kla nj;a

bf.kqfuys iy b.ekaùfuys m%.;sh ±k .ekSu msKsi we.ehSu fhdod .; hq;= nj;a" iEu

.=rejrhl= úiska u o; hq;= meyeÈ,s lreKls' tajd wfkHdkH n,mEfuka hq;= j ls%hd lrk

nj;a tfia u tlsfkflys ixj¾Okh flfrys tu ixrpl n,mdk nj;a .=rejre oks;s'

ika;;sl ̂ ksrka;rfhka isÿjk& we.hSï uQ,O¾u wkqj we.hSu isÿúh hq;af;a bf.kSu yd

b.ekaùu flfrk w;r;=r §h' fuh bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh wdrïNfha § fyda ueo

§ fyda w. § fyda hk ´kEu wjia:djl § isÿúh yels nj f;areï .ekSu .=rejrhl=g

wjYHh' tf,i ;u isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%.;sh we.hSug wfmalaId lrk .=rejrhl= bf.kqu

b.ekaùu iy we.hSu ms<sn| ixj¾Okd;aul ie,eiaula fhdod.; hq;= h'

mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< yqÿ úNd. l%uhla fyda mÍlaIK meje;aùula

fyda fkdfõ' th y÷kajkq ,nkafka isiqkaf.a bf.kSu;a" .=rejrekaf.a b.ekaùu;a jeäÈhqKq

lsÍu i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk ueÈy;a ùula jYfhks' ;j o fuh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï §¾>

lsÍula jYfhka o ye¢kaúh yels h' fuh isiqkag iómj isáñka Tjqkaf.a m%n,;d iy

ÿn,;d y÷kdf.k tajdg ms<shï fhdoñka isiqkaf.a Wmßu j¾Okh <Õd lr .ekSug

fhdod.; yels jevms<sfj<ls'

bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska wkdjrK ls%hdj,shlg isiqka fhduq flfrk

w;r" .=rejrhd isiqka w;r .ejfiñka Tjqka bgqlrk ld¾h ksÍlaIKh lrñka

ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh imhñka lghq;= lsÍu mdi,a mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< ls%hd;aul

lsÍfï § wfmalaId flf¾' fuys§ YsIHhd ksr;=rej we.hSug ,la úh hq;= w;r" YsIH yelshd

ixj¾Okh wfmalaIs; wkaoñka isÿjkafka ±hs .=rejrhd úiska ;yjqre lreKq ,eìh hq;=

fjhs'

bf.kSu iy b.ekaùu uÕska isÿúh hq;af;a isiqkag ksis w;a±lSï ,nd foñka tajd isiqka

úiska ksis mßÈ w;am;a lr f.k ;sfí ±hs ;yjqre lr .ekSu h' ta i|yd ksis ud¾f.damfoaYh

iemhSu .=reNj;df.a j.lSuls' we.hSfï ^;lafiare lsÍfï & fh§ isák .=rejrekag ;u

isiqka i|yd fohdldrhl ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh ,ndÈh yels h' tu ud¾f.damfoaY fmdÿfõ

y÷kajkafka m%;sfmdaIKh (Feed Back) yd bÈß fmdaIKh (Feed Forward) hkqfjks' isiqkaf.a

ÿn,;d yd fkdyelshd wkdjrKh lr.;a úg Tjqkaf.a bf.kqï .eg¨ uÕyrjd .ekSug

m%;sfmdaIKfhka isiq yelshd iy m%n,;d y÷kd .;a úg tu olaI;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug bÈß

fmdaIKhla ,nd§u .=re ld¾hh fjhs'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd mdGud,fõ wruqKq w;frka ljr

wruqKq ljr uÜgñka idlaId;a l< yels jqfha ±hs y÷kd .ekSu isiqkag wjYH fjhs' we.hSï

73

jev ms<sfj< Tiafia isiqka <Õd lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgï ksYaph lsÍu fï wkqj

.=rejrekaf.ka n,dfmfrd;a;= jk w;r isiqka yd fouõmshka we;=̀M fjk;a wod< md¾Yajj,g

isiq m%.;sh ms<sn| f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lsÍug .=rejreka fhduqúh hq;=h' fï i|yd

fhdod.; yels fyd|u l%uh jkafka ika;;slj isiqka we.hSug md;% lsÍug bv m%ia:d

i,ik mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï l%uhhs'

hf:dala; wruqKq iys; j ls%hd lrk .=rejreka úiska ;u b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh isiqkaf.a

bf.kqï ls%hdj,sh;a jvd;a ld¾hlaIu lsÍu msKsi jvd fyd| ld¾hlaIu;dfjka hqla;

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï iy we.hSï l%u fhdod .; hq;= fjhs' fï iïnkaOfhka isiqkag iy

.=rejrekag fhdod .; yels m%fõY ms<sn| m%fNao lsysmhla u;= ±lafjhs' fïjd fndfyda l,l

isg .=rejreka fj; úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska o cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska o

f;dr;=re iïmdokh lrk ,o l%ufõo fjhs' tfyhska tajd iïnkaOfhka mdi,a moaO;sfha

.=rejreka fyd¢ka ±kqj;a ù we;ehs wfmalAId flf¾' tu m%fNao fufia h'

1' mejreï 2' jHdmD;s

3' iólaIK 4' .fõIK

5' ksÍlaIK 6' m%o¾Yk $bÈßm;a lsÍu

7' lafIa;% pdßld 8' flá ,sÅ; mÍlaIK

9' jHQy.; rpkd 10' újD; .%ka: mÍlaIK

11' ks¾udKd;aul ls%hdldrlï 12' Y%jK mÍlaIK

13' m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï 14' l:kh

15' iaj ks¾udK 16' lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï

17' ixl,am is;shï 18' oaú;aj igyka c¾k,

19' ì;a;s mqj;am;a 20' m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyka

21' m%Yak yd ms<s;=re fmd;a 22' újdo

23' idlÉPd uKav, 24' iïuka;%K

25' laIKsl l:d 26' N+ñld rx.k

y÷kajd § we;s fuu bf.kqï-b.ekaùï iy we.hSï l%u iEu tlla u iEu úIhhla

iïnkaOfhka iEu úIhh tallhlg u fhdod .; hq;= hehs wfmalaId fkflfrhs' ;u

úIhhg" ksmqK;d uÜgug .e<fmk m%fNaohla f;dard .ekSug .=rejreka ±kqj;a úh hq;= h'

j.n,d .; hq;= h'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, .=rjrekag ;u isiqkaf.a bf.kqï m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu

i|yd fhdod.; yels bf.kqï - b.ekaùï yd we.hSï m%fNao ms<sn| i|ykla ;sfí' tajd

.=rejreka úiska iqÿiq mßÈ ;u mka;sfha isiqkaf.a m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu msKsi fhdod.;

hq;= fjhs' tajd Ndú; fkdfldg uÕ yeÍu isiqkag ;u Ydia;S%h yelshd fuka u wdfõoksl

.;s ,laIK;a ufkdapd,l olaI;d;a ms<sn| j¾Okhla <Õd lr .ekSu;a m%o¾Ykh lsÍu;a

ms<sn| wvqmdvq we;s lrjhs'

74

we.hSu

jdrh ( 1

WmlrK wxl ( 1

ksmqK;dj ( 1'0

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'1

WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyk

ls%hdj,sh ( 12 fYa%Ksfha fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh úIh bf.k .kakd ish¨ u

isiqka ixLHdj wkqj flaj< jYfhka fyda ldKav jYfhka fhdodf.k

.=re Nj;d úiska ksmqK;d uÜgu wdjrKh jk mßÈ ilia lr.;a

m%Yak j,g wod< ms<s;=re isiqkaf.ka úuiSu' fuys§ m%Yak úpdrd;aul

jevigyk i|yd my; wdlD;sh Ndú;hg .kak'

ks¾Kdhl

lKavdhï

wxlh fyda

ku

ms<s;=re bÈß

m;a l

sÍug

olajk

Wk

kaÿj

ksjer

Èj m

s<s;=re

bÈß

m;a l

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