F O N G H E I Y I J O Y C EP O R T F O L I O

The University of Hong Kong

Bachelor of Arts (Landscape Studies)

C O N C E P T U A L D R A W I N G A N D M O D E L L I N G 5 - 9

W AT E R F R O N T D E S I G N : T O L O H A R B O U R 1 1 - 1 4

U R B A N T R A N S E C T 1 5 - 1 7

LANDSCAPE PLANNING STRATEGY AND VISUALIZATION 1 9 - 2 4

C O N C E P T U A L D R A W I N G A N D M O D E L L I N G

DREDGE: LEONARDO DA VINCI’S DEVICESketches and conceptual drawing for motion - ‘Dredge’

TEST OF MATERIALS FOR CONCEPT MODEL

1 Material test (Top left corner; left to right) 0.5mm brown card board, sticking edges together; 0.1mm brown card board, folding and shaping;

White card board, folding 3-sided pyramids; 1mm brown card board; 2 Testing Model A: paper folded to manipulate the movement of dredging; 3 Testing

Model B: trace of dredge; 4 Final model

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DEVICE INTERVENTION FOR ‘DREDGE’

1 Testing models: (left to right) a. Erecting walls; b. Manipulating topography; c. Manipulating topography and creating huge artificial ‘dunes’; 2 - 4 Site model (Scale 1:1000) made with plaster.

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CASE STUDY: PELICAN ISLAND WILDLIFE REFUGE, FLORIDA, U.S.

1 Pelican Island: The first wildlife refuge where protects birds from plume hunting since 1850’s;2 Plan for model; 3 - 4 Oil spill pattern making with acrylic paint; 5 Final Model;

6 Details of Final Model: The oyster shell bars (represented as white stripes)were built to stablize the shoreline of the Island, which had been shrinking dramatically

due to the erosion from waves. On the other hand, the constant pollution from human activities(e.g. oil spilling) is threatening this singnificant rookery of endangered birds.

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W A T E R F R O N T D E S I G NT O L O H A R B O U R

LINEAR

Easy to lose the accumulated sedi-ment and may not be efficient when the wind direction varies throughout the day.

ABOVE WATER SURFACE

UNDERWATER

V-SHAPED

More favourable to trap the accu-mulated sediment than the linear one, but still can-not deal with the variation of wind direstion.

ZIGZAG

Efficient way to retain and ac-cumulate sediment when the wind direction changes to the opposite.

DESIGN MECHANISMSuspending the energy with breakwaters

U R B A N T R A N S E C T

CULTURE AND IDENTITY OF NEPALESE COMMUNITYIN THE SOUTHERN SHANGHAI STREET

Groupwork with LIN Zhiqi Chloe

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SUSPENDING ENERGY

1 Perspective: Reed bed habitat developed as a result of the interven-tion; 2 - 3 Sectional site model (Scale 1:500); 4 Detail of site model

L A N D S C A P E P L A N N I N G S T R A T E G YA N D V I S U A L I Z A T I O N

D E S I G N S T U D I O I N M YA N M A R

IDP* RESETTLMENT IN DEGRADED LANDSCAPE

ABSTRACT

As one of the most natural resources-rich countries in the South-east Asia, over 80% of the total income of Myanmar is contributed by exporting goods such as natural gas, wood products, fish, rice, jade and gems. Not surprisingly, it has become one of the countries haunted with the resources curse due to the extremely intensive natural resources extractions. Since the Independence from the British Colonial in 1948, Myanmar’s political environment has been very unstable until several years ago. The military conflicts in Myanmar have been one of the longest ongoing civil wars in the world. Fires and conflicts among ethnic armed groups and the government due to competition for lands for businesses, such as oil palm and rubber plantations and mining, have been threatening people’s livelihood that they are vulnerable to protect or legally own their lands in front of those with the ‘rights’, causing more than 662,000 of people internally displaced (IDPs) and still hoping to put an end to fleeing from one place to another.

The project is therefore looking at degraded landscape that is seemingly unprofitable to plantation companies, to search for the opportunity to reset-tle the IDPs. The abandoned coal mine in Mawdaung, where is located at the Myanmar-Thailand border is the site of the project to study the resettlement plan by identifying different types of degradation, managing the risks of the degraded land, considering the accessibility of infrastructure, and more impor-tantly, building a symbiosis among various stakeholders to ensure villagers are involved in the economical cycle to earn a living for a long run.

*IDP = Internally Displaced person(s)

Palaw

Myeik

Tanintharyi

1001 - 5000

501 - 1000

201 - 500

IDP POPULATIONBY VILLAGE TRACTS (2013)

MAWDAUNG ABANDONED COAL MINE

1 - 200

ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER SOURCE

Due to the intensive plantation and mining practices in Thaninthryi, water next to those sites was contaminated wtih heavy metals or fertilizers that it is not safe to drink. With limited resources, villagers near those site have no choice but drink and cook with the contaminated water.

FORCED LABOUR

It is common that villagers are and forced to work for the armed groups’s mining or plantation companies at extremely low salary or even zero compensation. Some exploited labours were even separated from their families for many years until they could leave the threats from the armed groups.

EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY

Because of the general remoteness of the IDP’s settle-ment, many of villages do not have schools providing primary or secondary education to the young genera-tions of IDPs. Thus, most of the IDPs have limited job options and opportunities besides farming.

LAND GRABBING

Displaced villages were usually contaminated by landmines or prohibited farmers to enter by armed groups. Original villagers who returned or cut down any crops in the village would be beaten or even killed.

CHALLENGES AND NEEDS OF IDP RESETTLEMENT

ABANDONED COAL MINE

SECTION A - A’ MINING IN PROGRESS

SECTION B - B’ RECLAMATION AFTER ABANDONED

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OPEN-PIT MINE

ORIGINAL LAND SURFACE

ORIGINAL LAND SURFACE

MINING SPOILoverburden excavated by dragline

MINING SPOIL

contaminated withheavy metals

FLOODED STREAMPLANTS RECOLONIZE

B

B’

A

A’

DECEMBER 2013

APRIL 2003

SLASH-AND-BURN2

SECONDARY FORESTC LEAR-CUT BEFORE DRY SEASON BURNINGL EAVING FOR 6 MONTHS LAND FOR PLATATION OR FARMING

SOIL EXPOSEDdue to loss of vegetation cover

LOSS OF HABITATSdue to drastic decrease of tree canopy

ORIGINAL HABITAT REDUCE SOIL BIODIVERSITYmicroorganisms are killed during burning

TYPOLOGY STUDIES OF DEGRADED LANDSCAPEOIL PALM142 palms / ha

LeucaenaOil Palm

Intercropping

Monoculture

L E A S T

M O S T

Intercropping

Intercropping

Intercropping

Intercropping

Monoculture

Monoculture

Monoculture

Monoculture

Legume

Groundnut and sesameAs cover crops

PineappleCashew

Legume

LivestockBetel nut

Legume

BananaRubber

Pepper

PineappleCoconut

Legume

6 Y E A R S

1 5 Y E A R S

1 5 Y E A R S

5 Y E A R S

5 Y E A R S5 Y E A R S

5 Y E A R S

1 0 Y E A R S 1 0 Y E A R S 1 0 Y E A R S3 Y E A R S 3 Y E A R S

1 0 Y E A R S 1 0 Y E A R S 1 5 Y E A R S1 5 Y E A R S 1 5 Y E A R S1 0 Y E A R S3 Y E A R S 3 Y E A R S

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CASHEW90 trees / ha

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COCONUT158 palms / ha

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BETEL NUT1100 palms / ha

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RUBBER450 trees / ha

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SLOPE (%)

Early

gro

wth

Start of cycle End of cycle

Monoculture (Control)

With intercrop

Star

t bea

ring

Full

bea

ring

Dec

linin

gPr

od

uctiv

ity

Fallo

w

AREA

0 - 10

1 ha

10 - 20

20 - 30

> 30 %

USD 1500 per year

USD 2500 per year

USD 1800 per year

USD 2140 per year

USD 2200 per year

USD 2700 per year

USD 200 per year

USD 380 per year

USD 2400 per year

USD 2750 per year

1 0 Y E A R S

1 0 Y E A R S 1 0 Y E A R S

DE

MA

ND

ON

NU

TR

IEN

TS

1s

t C

YC

LE

1s

t C

YC

LE

1s

t C

YC

LE

1s

t C

YC

LE

1s

t C

YC

LE

2n

d C

YC

LE

2n

d C

YC

LE

2n

d C

YC

LE

2n

d C

YC

LE

3rd

CY

CL

E

5 Y E A R S

4 Y E A R S

4 Y E A R S

4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S

4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S 4 Y E A R S

5 Y E A R S

5 Y E A R S5 Y E A R S

S

Groundnut and sesameAs cover crops

arrest soil erosion by its latter

PepperAs cover crops

Groundnut and sesame

multiple sources of income

Leguminous plantse.g. Pueraria javanica as fallow plant Mature Oil Palm

Mature Cashew Tree

Pineapple Tree

as living fences and livestock feed; natural nitrogen fertilizer

Gliricidia sepium

Mature Rubber Tree

Mature Coconut Tree

Mature Betel Nut Palm

Livestock

Tapping for latexBanana Tree

Pueraria phaseoloidesPERENNIAL

COMMON COVERCROPS

Calopogonium mucunoides2 YEARS

Centrosema pubescens2 YEARS

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3

4

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RESETTLEMENT AND LOCAL NETWORK 1 Potential soil erosion risk based on slope length, average annual rainfall, soil structure, land cover and eorsion control pratices; 2 Proposed symbiosis net-work to sustain IDPs livelihood in a long run; 3 Regional plan; 4 Perspective of the regional planning. The location of resettlment site for IDPs is based on the availibility and accessibility of the existing infrastructure, such as clean water (i.e. upperstream that is not contaminated with the water in the mine) and the primary road to the big towns nearby for trading. The short walking distance (i.e. within 20 minutes) between the settlement and the proposed industrial site also gives convenience for people to work.