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FOREWORD In Institut Teknologi Bandung, undergraduate final project is an academic activity which represents the final phase of undergraduate study sequences in its area of study. It is a summary of applied knowledge and technology student learned during her/his time in ITB. The final project emphasis is not the final product, but the process in which student learned through the experiments or experiences. Thus, the end product might be a failure. However, student should give an account of the process systematically so that others can gain knowle dge from this previou s experienc e. Undergraduate Fin al Projec t in School of Business and Man agement is des igned to encourage student to reflect what he/she has learned so far. It is a two credits academic activity in semester 9 in the third year, but Study Program will ask students to begin the act ivi ty from ear ly of Semeste r 7 unti l Semes ter 9. The sche dule wi ll help student to finish study in three years. SBM-ITB will assign counselor and/or assistant of supervisor to supervise the students in the following activities:  Structuring final project pr oblems;  Developing methodology to solve the problems;  Collect ing Data and Analysis  Dra wing conclus ions  Wr it ing the fi nal pr oj ect re ferr ing to the guidanc e and template in English. Fin al projec t report sta tes student cont rib uti on to the bus iness and management area, therefore it must be written in a comprehensive manner that are consistent and easy to compreh end. A well-writ ten final report should show not only stu dent ’s int ellect ual capabi lity, but also indica ted the compete nce of the advisor, the school and the universi ty. Therefore, certain style and format must be followed to make it acceptable and readily understood, and the final report must be written in English. This document is designed to guide students in writing her/his final report. Undergraduate study program, SBM-ITB, thanks very much to Dwi Larso and Ira Fachira and all the members of aca demi cs committ ee, for the ir cont rib uti ons to pre par e thi s guidance. We wish you success! Utomo Sarjo no Putro, Ir, M. Eng. Dr. Director SBM-ITB Undergraduate Program

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FOREWORD

In Institut Teknologi Bandung, undergraduate final project is an academic activity whichrepresents the final phase of undergraduate study sequences in its area of study. It is a

summary of applied knowledge and technology student learned during her/his time inITB. The final project emphasis is not the final product, but the process in which student

learned through the experiments or experiences. Thus, the end product might be a failure.However, student should give an account of the process systematically so that others cangain knowledge from this previous experience.

Undergraduate Final Project in School of Business and Management is designed to

encourage student to reflect what he/she has learned so far. It is a two credits academic

activity in semester 9 in the third year, but Study Program will ask students to begin theactivity from early of Semester 7 until Semester 9. The schedule will help student tofinish study in three years. SBM-ITB will assign counselor and/or assistant of supervisor to supervise the students in the following activities:

  Structuring final project problems;

  Developing methodology to solve the problems;

  Collecting Data and Analysis

  Drawing conclusions

  Writing the final project referring to the guidance and template in

English.

Final project report states student contribution to the business and management area,

therefore it must be written in a comprehensive manner that are consistent and easy tocomprehend. A well-written final report should show not only student’s intellectual

capability, but also indicated the competence of the advisor, the school and the university.Therefore, certain style and format must be followed to make it acceptable and readily

understood, and the final report must be written in English.

This document is designed to guide students in writing her/his final report.

Undergraduate study program, SBM-ITB, thanks very much to Dwi Larso and Ira Fachira

and all the members of academics committee, for their contributions to prepare thisguidance.

We wish you success!

Utomo Sarjono Putro, Ir, M. Eng. Dr.

Director SBM-ITB Undergraduate Program

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I. Introduction

Congratulations! You have successfully passed two exciting years in SBM and finallyarrive at your last year. The third year will be marked with another challenge: writingyour final report. This report represents what you have learned and also the reflection

of the knowledge you acquired on your chosen field. This reports also states your contribution to the business and management area, therefore it must be written in a

comprehensive manner that are consistent and easy to comprehend.

A well-written final report shows not only your intellectual capability, but alsoindicates the competence of your advisor, your school and your university. Therefore,

certain style and format must be followed to make it acceptable and readily understood.

There are four alternatives of final project, i,e,;

1.Standard Research/Application2.Case on Descriptive Study

3.Business Plan4.Critical Review

This manual provides a format for each of the alternatives and will guide you in

writing your final report. However, not all topics can be covered in such a short

document. Please feel free to contact your advisor or the program should you have anyspecific question.

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II. 1 Important Information *)

Student Responsibility

The first two years in SBM is primarily filled with group reports and achievements ingroups. This year, students are expected to show his or her    individual accomplishments by writing the final report that would display his/her mastery on a

specific subject in the business and management area.   The process of choosing a specific topic and writing the final report must be done individually. Available topics

from your concentration can be selected, however this is not mandatory. You areallowed to pick other topics from other areas in business and management.

Your advisor will guide you through the writing process, however,   the ultimate

responsibility for the final report rests with you . You are responsible for gaining theinformation necessary to prepare your report properly, meeting the deadlinesassociated with report preparation, and ensuring that the library copy of your report

conforms to all the requirements.

Your final report is also a form of professional contribution to your chosen field.

Therefore, the responsibility of taking a professional approach is upon you. Thismeans you must be familiar with the broader protocols of your discipline in particular 

and the world of research in general. For example, published and unpublished work must be acknowledged in the bibliography, written permission to use copyrighted

materials must be secured.

II.2 Copyrighting

Exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute and make use of one’s original work for 

specific period is given to the author as a copyright. Immediately after the creation of your final report, you are automatically given its copyright for the period of your life

 plus fifty years. This starts without notice or registration formalities. Theacknowledgement of your legal rights as the copyright owner of your report must be proclaimed to your readers by inserting a copyright page in your report. This is a sign

that you are protecting your copyright.

On the other hand, you must be aware that almost all material used in your finalreport from other sources is copyrighted. This applies to all media: printed works,

 pictures, musical compositions, video and sound recordings, computer disks, and soon. Remember also that you need permission not only for text but for pictures,

charts, graphs, drawings, cartoons, or lyrics. There are, however, a few exceptions.For example, works of the government are considered “in the public domain” andgenerally not copyrighted.

* Source: Oregan State University, Guidelines of writing a thesis.1998

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Written permissions from the copyright owner must be obtained before you use it inyour final report. You can send a letter informing your intention to use and describe

specifically how you are going to use the material. Bear in mind that the copyrightowner have no obligation to grant permission, some may even charge a fee for 

 permission. If you can not obtain this permission or if the fee is prohibitive, you mustremove the copyrighted material from your report.

However, limited use of copyrighted material is allowed without permission from theowner. For example, quoting several sentences verbatim form another author. The

general guideline to do this is that the portion copied is insignificant in relation to thework as a whole. Nevertheless, when in doubt, request permission.

Remember that you have to credit all material used in your report, copyrighted or not, by mentioning them in text citation and bibliography.

II.3 Language

The entire final report must be written in English. Exceptions may be made, if appropriate, in appendix material, dedication, or acknowledgement pages only.

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III. FORMAT OF THE FINAL REPORT

Regardless of format, the final report includes a particular set of parts in anestablished order ( see the following table).

Front Flyleaf (blank page)

AbstractCopyright Page (optional)

Title PageApproval Page

Acknowledgment (optional)Table of Contents

List of Figures (if two or more)List of Tables (if two or more)List of Appendices (if two or more)

Dedication (optional)Preface (optional)Main Body of Text

BibliographyAppendix or Appendices (if any)

Back Flyleaf (blank page)

You must submit your final project in one of four formats:

1. Standard Research/Application (See Appendix A)

2. Case or Descriptive Study (See Appendix B for Detailed Guidelines)3. Business Plan (See Appendix C  for Detailed Guidelines)

4. Critical Review (See Appendix D for Detailed Guidelines)

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III.1 Guidelines to Write an Applied ResearchThe applied research report address a single major theme which could be aresearch topic or an application of a specific method to solve a real business or 

managerial problem.

The individual chapters represent the various steps or stages of the research or application process. The typical chapters for this standard research format usuallyinclude:

Chapter 1 Introduction

This chapter describes the background of your chosen topic or problem. Thegeneral approach or brief methodology in solving the problem is presented. Goals

and objectives of the report is also stated.

Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations

Theoretical foundations from various literature regarding the subject is reviewedhere.

Chapter 3 Methodology

Detailed methodology used to address the problem is explained here. A clear andthorough description of methodology will give the reader a comprehensive viewof your report. Graphs and flowcharts can be used to illustrate the research

 process.

Chapter 4 Data AnalysisThis chapter presents the results of your research. Tables and graphs really helps

the reader to understand your findings.

Chapter 5 Discussions/Conclusions

The concluding chapters normally incorporate a discussion of your results, your conclusions, and a project summary. The description of the research/problem

solving project should flow logically from beginning to end so that readers do nothave to refer frequently back and forth among different chapters.

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III. 2 Guidelines to Write a Case Study

A case is an account of business or management activity, event or problemcontaining some of the background and complexities actually encountered by an

analyst or manager. Therefore, all managerial activities, events that caused themor the results of decision making, is described as it actually happened.

A case must be taken from real experience faced by the manager. Problems andissues should be clearly stated with data that supports them. Facts should not be

changed to tell how it should have been done. All failures and successes must be

told. Quotation should be considered to state important issues, differences of opinion or expressing the manager’s point of view or personal philosophy.

However, because of its factual nature, not all company agreed to let you openly

discuss their problem. When this happened, you should not name the companyand use only titles or references to positions or departments. The case will not be

 published without prior consent of the individual or agency supplying thematerial.

Although some case can be written based on available documents, interviewingthe actors who took part in the problem will get a better insight of what really

happened.Typical questions are:

1. Were any solutions other than the final one considered? Why were they

rejected? What were the trade-offs?2. Who made the decisions?3. Were there any difficulties in completing the project or was it a "breeze"?

Use of a tape recorder is recommended. It will help keep facts straight; the

interviewee will be reviewing the final version anyway; and once discussionstarts, the recorder is forgotten. A tape recorder simplifies interviewing. Even

with it you must be an active listener who prompts the speaker to give detail; youmust listen critically to what is said, evaluate its usefulness, and ask for expansion

when more detail is needed; you must listen for what is not said, as topics whichare not volunteered may be the best parts of a case.

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The typical case usually consists of following subjects.

Chapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter presents the case in general. It describes the background of the case

and introduces problems faced by the main character. The area of interest should be stated along with points that makes this case interesting. It should alsointroduce the company and the key players of this case.

Chapter 2 Background InformationDeeper understanding of the case should start in this chapter. Detailed background information should be arranged so that it illustrates the connection

 between the company and its influencing factors. This include the company profile, its products or services and company history. Relevant successes andfailure of the company should also be explained. Business environment should be

described including the market, the competitor and relevant government policiesthat affect the industry.

Chapter 3 Sequence of Events & Data

Problems must be focused to the specific choice of topic. Detailed events thatlead to the problems are described clearly and chronologically. Decisions must bestated which include how they were made, why and who took the responsibility.

Actions must be clearly illustrated and the direct effect of them must be depictedthoroughly. This chapter should also consist of relevant data to make an analysis.

Primary and secondary data provided should be related to the problems stated inthe previous chapter. Data should be presented in tables and graphs. Original

copy used by the manager should be used whenever possible, including memos, photographs, letters, etc.

Chapter 4 DiscussionThis chapter discusses the analysis of problems described in the previous chapter.

Problems should be studied or solved from the theoretical point of view.Examination of the application of business and management concepts in the real

setting can also be discussed here.

Chapter 5 ConclusionThis chapter presents the summary of your discussion and highlight lessons

learned from the case. Suggestions to solve the problem should be referred if it isa problem solving case. Further topic of discussion should be suggested alongwith application of the theoretical frameworks used in discussion.

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III.3 Guidelines to Write a Business Plan

Business Plan F ormat 

Writing a final report in the business plan format must include three chapters:Introduction, Business Plan, and Conclusions/Recommendations.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION  covers background and the student’s motivation in

writing a business plan. It also provides brief explanation of the business idea,scope of writing, data collection approaches, and outline of the report.

Chapter 2 BUSINESS PLAN  is basically the complete document of the business plan itself.   This Business Plan document should be supported by primary data.

Chapter 3 CLOSING  summarizes conclusions and recommendations the student

has learned during and after writing the business plan. Conclusions could cover lessons learned during writing or a summary of results or facts related to business

 being planned. Recommendations are intended to provide suggestions or proposedactions needed for the implementation of the business plan. Recommendationscould also propose further studies or research related to the business being planned.

The following table shows more detailed information on chapters of the business

 plan format.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. BackgroundThis part states the student’s reason and motivation in planning &

writing a business plan.1.2. Business Description

This section is giving a brief explanation on the business being planned.

1.3. Scope

Scope of writing and the topic limitation is stated in this section.1.4. Data Collecting Method(s)

This section briefly describe method of data collection applied inthe business plan.

1.5. OutlineThe final section of this chapter gives the general organization of this document.

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CHAPTER 2: BUSINESS PLAN

2.1. Executive Summary

This section is supposed to stimulate the interest of the reader (i.e potential investor) hence should highlight the key points of the business plan. Business concept and any supporting data must be

 briefly explained. Opportunity must be clearly presented and planson how to pursue this is described clearly. Marketing strategy and

its financial result must also be stated.2.2. Company and Business Description

Complete overview of the company must be detailed in this part. Itshould start with the mission statement which describes the nature

of the business and becomes the guideline for future decisionmaking in the company. Company profile must be elaborated whichincludes product or service, location and the size of the business.

2.3. Product/Service PlanProduct/Service Plan describes detailed how product will be

manufactured or how service will be provided. Completemanufacturing process must be provided for manufacturingoperation. Each subcontracted process must be named with its

reasons of selection, costs and location.2.4. Market Analysis

This section describe market conditions which includes industrydemand and competition. The description should be supported by

thorough market research that illustrate the demand for the product

or service. This section should also identifies who the competitorsare along with their strengths and weaknesses. Last but not least,this section must pinpoints the specific target market for the product/service.

2.5. Marketing Plan and StrategyThe marketing plan and strategy describes how products and

services will be distributed, priced and promoted. The plan is basedon data from marketing research.

2.6.Operations PlanDetailed operational plan must be submitted for non manufacturing business.

2.7. Management TeamThis section describes the organizational plan of the business. It

explains the lines of authority and responsibility of the companymembers. Organizational chart should be provided.

2.8. Financial PlanThis section presents the projection of key financial data thatdetermine economic feasibility and necessary financial investment

commitment. It should consists of the summary of forecasted salesand the appropriate expenses. It also gives cash flow figures and the

 projected balance sheet.

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CHAPTER 3: CLOSING

3.1. ConclusionsThis section could shows lessons learned during writing the

 business plan. If the plan was based on actual business, thissection could summarizes the results or facts related to business

 being planned.

3.2. RecommendationsThis sections includes suggestions and proposed actions to carry

out the business plan. It could also propose further studies or research related to it.

Source:Hisrich, R.D., & Peters, M.P., 2002, Entrepreneurship, 5th Edition, McGraw-

Hill, Singapore

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III.4 Writing a Critical Review

A critical review critically evaluates a text, this can be an article, a book, achapter or a journal article. This does not mean criticizing in a negative manner 

 but question the information and opinions in a text and present your evaluation or  judgment of the text. A good critical review presents a fair and reasonable

evaluation of the chosen text. This required not only reading the text thoroughly, but also read other related texts and attempt to understand them from different

 point of view.

To be critical means you must ask questions about the idea and information

 presented in the text. You must link them with relevant theoretical frameworks inthe field and develop a position and arguments to support it. Comments should be

made after you evaluate the text methodically. Judgments should be made after the validity or relevance of the text assessed.

The evaluation process requires you to analyze the purpose and the structure of the text, assessing and making judgments about its appropriateness according to

various academic criteria. Understanding the text’s purpose, the intendedaudience and why it is structured the way it is should help you get a

comprehensive evaluation of the text.

To approach a topic analytically is to examine carefully the content, issues andstructure, by separating them into component parts and explaining how theyinterrelate, connect and possibly influence each other.

The following is a list of criteria that can be referred to when reviewing academic

texts and included in your critical commentary.

  Writing and structure of the article or book. (e.g the style and expression)

  Argumentation and use of evidence

  Methodology

  Relevance

  Significance and contribution to its field

There will also be other criteria for evaluating texts which are specific to

individual disciplines and will vary from one discipline to another.

The Critical Review has a specific structure:

Chapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter must include:

The title of the article or book.The author 

An overview of the article or book stating its aim and identifying the aimargument

Your response to the article (positive, negative, mixed)

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Chapter 2 Review Approach

This chapter explained the methodology of your review (comparison,cognitive analysis or discourse analysis)

Chapter 3 CriticismMain sections and subsections. Comment critically on the text including:

discussion of the points raised,questioning the arguments,

expressing agreement / disagreement,considering agreement / disagreement.

 positive and / or negative judgments on the author’s ideas, methods,argument, expression, organization etc.

Chapter 4 ConclusionsThis chapter summarizes your review, emphasize points that you consider to

 be important and states your conclusion of the article or book.

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IV. Template Instruction On Writing A Final Project Report

A. Final Report Physical RequirementsA.1 Paper Size and Weight

The final report ought to be printed on size A4 (210 mm width and 297 length) HVS paper 

which weighed 80 g/m2

(HVS 80 GSM).

A.2 Printing and Binding

The final report ought to be printed and bind according to these requirements:1. The final report must be narrated with serif font 12pt such as Times New Roman or 

Palatino. Font 10 or 9 ought to be used for quotations, tables and picture notes.2. The final report must be printed on both sides of the paper using black ink.

3. The binding area must not be less than 35 mm. The left margin of the right-hand side of 

the page when opened (recto page) must not be less than 25 mm. The right margin of theleft-hand side of the page when opened (verso page) must not be less than 25 mm. Other 

margins must not be less than 20 mm.4. Narration paragraphs must be typed with 1.5 line spacing. Quotations, content of 

diagrams, tables, pictures and references must be typed with 1 line spacing.

5. The first line of the next paragraph must be typed within 3 line spacing from the last lineof the previous paragraph.

6. The first letter of the new paragraph must begin from the border of the left-hand side of 

the script. New paragraph should not begin at the bottom of the page unless there isenough space for the next 2 lines. The last line of the paragraph must not be on the next

 page. It has to be included on the bottom of the page.

7. The first letter after comma, semicolon, colon and a period must be typed after a single

space.8. Odd-numbered pages must be on the recto page with even-numbered pages on the verso page.

9. New chapters ought to begin in the odd-numbered pages. Blank page number should beinserted on even-numbered page at the end of chapters with odd-numbered pages.

10. Students must print 3 (three) copies of her/his original reports for final project seminars

and submit them to Undergraduate Academic Affair. Corrections (if necessary) must beconducted after student is announced passed the seminar stage. One hardcopy of revisedreport must be submitted along with one .pdf file copy.

A.3 Errors

Final project report ought to be free of errors or corrections. Thus, students must

accommodate and be concerned with comments from her/his supervisor/s and examiners.

B. General Writing Principles

Final Project Report must be written according to firm writing principles, which are:1. English Language must be used in the short, precise and official manner.2. Report must be written according to common rules which relevant with Business and

Management science.3. Maximum Number of pages = 60 pages, excluding appendices.

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C. Numbering Principles

Pages containing executive summary, school validation, foreword, list of contents, list of 

tables, list of pictures, list of appendixes, list of abbreviations and symbols must be givenseparate number from the main document using Roman notation of i, ii, iii…. The pages of the main report must be numbered with Arabic notation 1, 2, 3 accordingly from start tofinish. Both numbering system must be placed at the bottom left or bottom right of the page.

D. Heading and Subheading Principles

Each part of the main document should be labeled Chapter with principles below.

D.1 Chapter Main Heading

These headings are designed for the main part of the report. The main headings of eachchapter must be placed at the top middle of the page with bold font capital letters sized 14.

D.2 Secondary Heading

Secondary heading (subheading) must be numbered according to the particular chapter withArabic notation. First number represents chapter number with second number represents thenumber of the sub heading. These sub heading are typed without a capital letter except for the

 beginning of each word. Sub heading must also be typed with bold font.

D.3 Tertiary Heading

The rules are applied with secondary heading except that there must be 3 (three) digitnumbers which corresponds to the particular secondary heading. This heading must be typedin italic.

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APPENDIX

FINAL PROJECT REPORT TEMPLATE

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INSERT THE REPORT TITLE IN BOLD CAPITAL

FINAL PROJECT

By

Insert Your Name

Insert Your ID Number

Undergraduate Program

School of Business and Management

Institut Teknologi Bandung

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ABSTRACT

Abstract must be written as an executive summary in English. This part consists of 500-800

words that summarized the problems, findings, conclusions and recommendations of the project.Times New Roman (or Palatino) 11 pt must be used in single spacing with the same margins asthe main text. This page must be titled ABSTRACT with upper margin of 3 cm. First line of the

abstract must be given 2 single spaces from the title.

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APPROVAL PAGE

INSERT YOUR TITLE

By

INSERT YOUR NAME

ID No: ………

A Final Project in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Management

Undergraduate Program of Management Study

School of Business and Management

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Month Date, Year

Approved By

 __________________________ 

Insert Your Supervisor’s Name

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FOREWORD

Foreword is printed on the separate page after the validation page. This page should

contain student’s gratitude to her/his supervisor(s), company and individuals which

related to completion of this project. This page must be written in English language with

official manner.

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LIST OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………… i

FOREWORD ..………………………………………………………………………... ii

LIST OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………… iii

LIST OF IMAGES ………………………………………………………………….... iv

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………… v

LIST OF APPENDIXES …………………………………………………………….. vi

CHAPTER I INSERT YOUR TITLE ………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Insert Your Subchapter Title …………………………………………….. 2

1.1.1 Insert Your Tertiary Subchapter ………………………………………... 3

Etc.

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………… 60

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CHAPTER I

INSERT CHAPTER TITLE

1.1 Insert Subchapter Title

1.1.1 Insert Tertiary Chapter Title

The final report must be narrated with serif font 12 pt such as Times New Roman or 

Palatino. The final report ought to be printed on size A4 (210 mm width and 297 length)

HVS paper which weighed 80 g/m2

(HVS 80 GSM). Narration paragraphs must be typed

with 1.5 spacing.

The first line of the next paragraph must be typed within 3 spacing from the last line of 

the previous paragraph. The first letter of the new paragraph must begin from the border 

of the left-hand side of the script. New paragraph should not begin at the bottom of the

 page unless there is enough space for the next 2 lines. The last line of the paragraph must

not be on the next page, it has to be included on the bottom of the page.

The first letter after comma (,), semicolon (;), colon (:) and a period (.) must be typedafter a single space.

1.2 Citations Principles

Words or phrases from interview or other documents must be written between two

apostrophes (“ “). Long citations (more than 3 lines) must be written in a separated

 paragraph, placed 10 mm toward the inside of the main paragraph. Source of the citations

must also be stated.

Make sure that readers know the original source of the citations and its relevancy with the

report. Citations from Richard Steers book, for example.

This is the narration and then insert your citation “This is the citation. This is the citation.

This is the citation” (Author name, year of publication: page)

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Or 

Aggressive defense mechanism was defined in the chapter 18 of   Introduction to

Organizational Behavior   as follow: “ Aggressive defense mechanism include those

reactions by which we directly or indirectly attack the source of the threat to our self-

concept ” (Steers, 1996: 22)

It is not necessary to mention the source if it is already written beforehand. For example:

Arthur Goldsmith defined entrepreneurial politics as a situation in which “... society, or 

large part of it, thinks it gains from a policy that harms a small segment of society”

(2002: 202)

Example below showed how to write a long citations and how to use ellipsis. Ellipsis

(….) indicated parts of the original information are not quoted because it is not relevant

with the report. Note that the long citations must be placed 10 mm from the left margin

with single spacing.

Interview for new recruitments is conducted to get more information and not to evaluate

the information itself as stated by Wood and Payne:

The main objective of the interview should be to collect relevant information. You do not evaluate the information during the interview. ...By relevant information, we mean relevant to the

competencies you are trying to assess. In practice, this means gathering specific example of   

candidate has actually achieve in the past and how they did it . (1998: 108)

Or 

This is your narration followed by the long citation (more than 3 lines):

Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation CitationCitation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation CitationCitation Citation Citation Citation Citation Citation (Publication year: page)

Name of the author Publication year    Page

Publication year Page

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Below is the example of how to write double citations (citations taken from quoted

source) in which the author q uoted Steers who got his citation from Thomas:

In chapter 18 of   Introduction to Organizational Behavior , Richard Steers offered a

definition of conflict: “   ‘Conflict is the process which begins when one party perceives

that the other has frustrated, or is about to frustrate, some concern of his’    (Thomas,

1976, p. 891)” (1996: 244)

Example of writing separated citations.

“The process non action strategy, “according to Steers”  is to wear down the dissatisfied 

employee while at same time claiming that resolution procedures are open and 

available” (1996: 323)

1.2.1 Principles of Writing a Citation Source

The source of all citations from books, journals, unpublished documents or the internet

must be cited as follows: author’s last name, publication year and the page number where

the citation is located. The citation source is placed in brackets ( Author-Date Harvard 

System).

1.2.1.1 Citations with multiple authors

Format: (list of authors, year: page)

“Internal marketing is the relationship and knowledge management required for the ‘new

organization’ “ (Varey and Lewis, 1999: 941)

Or 

“Citation citation citation citation citation citation citation citation citation citation

citation citation” (First author and second author, year of publication: page)

Source of Steers citationThe author’s citation source

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“ ....... strategic goals  ...... (Anchonam, Kochan, Van Maanen, & Westney, 1999, M-2, 10)

Or 

“………  citation  ……….. (First author, second author & third author, publication year,

Module number, page)

Or 

“ ....... strategic goals   ...... (Anchonam et.al  1999, M-2, 40)

Or 

“……citation…….. (First author et.al publication year, module number, page)

Above examples showed that the citations was taken from a book written by Anchonam

et.al, from Module 2 page 40 with each module has separated page number (each module

 began with page number 1).

1.2.1.2 Citations from Interview and Unpublished Documents

Citations from interview must cite the interviewee, type of contact (such as private

interview or telephone interview) and date of interview. Example: (Paul Fireman, private

interview, 10/10/2002).

Citations from unpublished documents must follow this rule: name of author(s), year, and

 page (if applicable). Unknown author(s) should be replaced with list of organization(s) or 

quoted documents. If there is no information on date, write n.d. as follows:

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This example showed unknown year of production (Hamblin and Austin, n.d.: 25).

This example showed unknown author (Health Services Partnership Business Plan, 1999:

2).

1.2.1.3 Citations from the Internet

Format: Author’s name, year of publication, and page  (if applicable).

If unavailable, author’s name must be replaced with name of periodicals or website. If 

these are also unavailable, n.d. must be written instead.

Actual year must be used for time-bound information (such as company’s yearly financial

data). Complete web URL must be written in the bibliography, therefore it is not

necessary to write them in the text. Some examples:

Citation citation citation (Fujiwara, 2001: 19)

Citation citation citation (Jenisch, n.d.) for unavailable year of publication and page.

Citation citation citation (businessweek.com, 2004) for unknown author and year of 

downloading information.

1.3. Tables and Images

Figure 1.1 Insert Your Caption Here (cite the source of this image according to citation

 principles)

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Table 1.1 Insert Your Caption Here

Margins Left Column Right Column

Top 0.51" (1.3 cm) 0.51" (1.3 cm )

Left 0.47" (1.2 cm) 4.42" (11.24 cm)

Right 4.07" (10.35cm)

8.02" (20.39 cm)

Bottom 9.96" (25.3 cm) 9.96" (25.3 cm)*

Table 1.2 Insert Your Caption Here

Margins Left Column Right Column

Top 0.51" (1.3 cm) 0.51" (1.3 cm )

Left 0.47" (1.2 cm) 4.42" (11.24 cm)

Right 4.07" (10.35cm)

8.02" (20.39 cm)

Table 1.2 Insert Your Caption Here (Cont.)

Margins Left Column Right Column

Top 0.51" (1.3 cm) 0.51" (1.3 cm )

Left 0.47" (1.2 cm) 4.42" (11.24 cm)

Right 4.07" (10.35cm)

8.02" (20.39 cm)

Tables, images, diagrams, photographs or maps must follow these principles:

1. The same type of 80 gr HVS paper must be used whenever necessary except for 

 photographs or images that required other type of paper. Make sure that use of different paper would not disrupt the harmony of the report.

2. Captions for images, photographs and maps must be placed below the individual

images, photographs and maps with capital letters only on the beginning of each

word.

3. Captions for tables must be placed above the individual table with capital letters only

on the beginning of each word.

4. Tables must not be separated into two pages, except for the long ones. Long tables

that required separation must be placed on the next page with the same previous full

table captions as its heading with added word “cont.”

5. Tables and images lay out must be accustomed to the design of the report. Rules for 

 page numbering in landscape lay out must be in accordance with page set-up menu of 

Word processor.

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REFERENCES

First editor last name, first editor initials, 2nd editor last name, 2nd editor initials & 3rd

editor last name, 3rd editor initials (Eds), publication year,  Title in italic , place of 

 publication, publisher name.

Kahn, R.L. & Bounding, E. (Eds.), 1964,  Power and Conflict in Organization, Glencoe,

IL: Free Press.

Katz, D. & Kahn, R.L., 1975,   The Social Psychology of Organizations  (2nd ed.), New

York: Wiley.

Wibisono, D., 2003,   Riset Bisnis: Panduan bagi Praktisi dan Akademisi, Jakarta, INA:

Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

First author last name, first author initials, 2nd author last name, 2nd author initials & 3rd

author last name, 3rd author initials, publication year, article title,  journal title in

italic, journal volume: page.

Fry, L.W. & Slocum, J. W. Jr. 1984, Technology, Structure and Workgroup

Effectiveness: A Test of Contingency Model.  Academy of Management Journal ,

21: 221-246.

Goggin, W.C., 1974, How Multidimensional Structure Works at Dow Corning,  Harvard 

 Business Review , 55 (1): 54-65.

Organization name in italic, publication year, article title, publication year, publication

volume: page

 Biro Pusat Statistik , 2004, Laju Inflasi Bisa Disebabkan oleh Kenaikan Populasi,

September, 24:14.

Author last name, initials, publication year, In Editor and editor last name(s) (Eds), book 

title in italic: page, city of publication or country (if necessary): publisher name.

Berg, N.A. 1973, Corporate Role in Diversified Companies. In B. Taylor & I. MacMillan

(Eds), Business Policy: Teaching and Research: 298-347, New York: Wiley.

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Roberts, F.S., 1976, Strategy for the Energy Crisis: The Case of Computer Transportation

Policy, In R. Axelrod (Ed.)   Structure of Decision: 142-147, Princeton, NJ:

Princeton University Press.

Author last name, author initials,   book title in italic   (translated), translator name,

 publication place, publisher name, publication date.

Apple, James, Tataletak Pabrik dan Pemindahan Bahan, (translated), Nurhajati Ma’mun,

Bandung: Penerbit ITB, 1990.

Private interview by (insert interviewer name), place and date of interview.

Fireman, Paul, Private interview by Joan C. Tonn, Boston, MA: October 22nd 2002.

Author last name, author initials (if available), date (if available), document full title;

insert “unpublished document”

Tonn, Joan C., 1999, MM 6303 Syllabus, unpublished document.

Five Years Plan of Company XYZ, unpublished document.

Author last name, author initials, publication year, article title,  publication name in italic,

 publication date, retrieved on (insert date of retrieval), complete URL address

Kharif, O., 2003, Cellular Carriers Under Siege,  Business Week Online, March 18.

Retrieved on March 20, 2003 from

http://businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2003/tc20030318_0236tc106.ht

m.

Zunitch, V.M., 2003, Businesses in Transition, Journal of Accountancy, March, 1995 (3),

retrieved on March 17, 2003 from

http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/mar2003/zunitch.htm.

Journal or e-zine name in italic, publication year, article title, publication date, retrieved

on (insert date of retrieval), complete URL address

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The Economist , 2003, In Search of those Elusive Returns, March 20, retrieved on March

21 2003 from http://economist.com/finance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=1649643.

Austin, A.H., n.d. The Electronics Industry, 1947-1997, retrieved from

http://www.geocities.com/econhist/html

Departemen Tenaga Kerja Republik Indonesia, n.d. Hukum Ketenagakerjaan di

Indonesia, retrieved on May 23, 2003 from

http://www.Naker.go/UU2003/whd/fair.pdf .

Yahoo.com, 2003, Verizon Communication profile, retrieved on September 21,2003 fromhttp://finance.yahoo.com/index.asp.

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX A

INSERT APPENDIX TITLE

Appendix is used to keep detailed information which related to the main part of the report

and used to help readers who need to get better understanding of it. Appendix might

include: text from a document, regulations, very long list, questionnaire or even maps,

graphs and tables. It can also contain extra notes, example of formulation, raw data and

other information that could disrupt the main text narration if included. Each appendix

must be given a title numbered with 1, 2, 3 ... or with capital letters of A, B, C...

Appendix must begin with a single page that contained the word APPENDIX in the

middle of the unnumbered page.