Formulas Electrotecnia

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amlacnrmqeclcp_jcq

K?ELGRSBCQ NPGLAGN?JCQ W QSQ SLGB?BCQ

q / Cknjcm bc k_wqasj_q w kglqasj_q cl qk`mjmqCl cjcarpmrcalg_ qccknjc_l jcrp_qk_wqasj_q n_p_ bcqgel_pa_l+rgb_bcq amlqr_lrcq* w j_q amppcqnmlbgclrcq jcrp_q kglqasj_q mj_qk_wqasj_q aml cj qs`lbgac r n_p_ bcqgel_p a_lrgb_bcq osct_p_l cl cj rgcknm,

Czcknjmq8 Dpksj_qq6*q7,q /1Cvacnagmlcq8 d,m* jk, Sk* n DcU, cra,

Rp_`_hm cjarpgam UCj rp_`_hm cjarpgam cosgt_jc _j rp_`_hm kcalgam bcdglgbm cl K /,?j rp_lqdmpk_pclcpe_* qgl ck`_pem* qc npcqclr_l npbgb_q,

Slgb_bcq8 Uq &u_rr+qceslbm'* iUf*KUf/Uq; / hmsjc&H' ; / L k

Aml j_q bcdglgagmlcq b_b_qcl Q / w Q 0 qc asknjc osc

S0q 0 U; /S r ; r; NP r

P

Nmrclag_ cjarpga_ NJ_ nmrclag_ cjarpga_ cosgt_jc _ j_ nmrclag_ kcalga_ bcdglgb_ clK /, Qgl ck`_pem* _j rp_lqdmpk_p nmrclag_ qc npcqclr_l npbgb_q,Slgb_bcq8U &u_rr'* iU*KU

q q

Aml j_qbcdglgagmlcqb_b_qclQ/ wQ0 qcasknjcosc

S+q 1 N; ; 0P

P

Dpcasclag_ r TcpJ /

Ncpmbm R Tcp J /

Dpcasclag_ _lesj_p m

Cjcarpmrcalg_ Q0Amlacnrmq eclcp_jcqBclqgb_b bcamppgclrc cjarpga_ H

J

;ICqr_ dpksj_ cq tjgb_ qmj_kclrc qg j_ amppgclrc - cqr bgqrpg`sgb_slgdmpkckclrc cl cj pc_ ?,Slgb_bcq8 ? -k 0* ? -kk0

Rclqgl cjarpga_ S &m `gcl T'N

S ; J

Slgb_bcq8 T &tmjr', kT, iT/ T cq ges_j _ j_ bgdcpclag_ bc nmrclag_j m rclqgl clrpc bmqnslrmq bc sl agpasgrm bmlbc sl_ amppgclrc &bgpcar_ m amlrgls_'bc / ? bcq_ppmjj_ sl_ nmrclag_ bc / U

U H/ T; / ++++++ ; / +++++++; /?jj ; / +

? q +?

L k

q ?

Pcqgqrclag_ cjarpga_ P

SP + &jcw bc Mfk'

Slgb_bcq8 l &mfk', igr* K"r

/ /0 cq j_ pcqgqrclag_ cjarpga_ bc sl amlbsarmp nmp cj osc n_q_sl_ amppgclrc bc / ?as_lbm qc jc _njga_ sl_ rclqgl bc / T,

wG F :+

p /.

q //

q /0

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amlacnrmqeclcp_jcq

A_n_agr_lag_ cjarpga_AJ_ a_n_agr_lag_ &m a_n_agb_b' cjarpga_ A bc sl amlbclq_bmp ma_n_agrmpcq j_ pcj_agl bcqs a_pe_O _ j_ bgdcpclag_ bc nmrclag_jS clrpc qsq nj_a_q,

OA

gg

Slgb_bcq8 D &d_p_b',\D* lD* nD/ D cq j_ a_n_agr_lag_ bc sl amlbclq_bmp osc _bosgcpc sl_a_pe_ bc / A _j _njga_pjc sl_ bgdcpclag_ bc nmrclag_j bc / T,

A ? q ?q ?0q0 ?0q0/ D; / ; / ; / ; / ; /

T T U H L +k

Djshmk_elrgam:j c i | U /+++++++++E\1

Ek*

BIoB&U$4B

+ a s +

Sbo i^ klq^bk i^ m}dfk^ P6

!!!"#$%%&'($)*"+%

Cjcarpmrcalg_A_knm cjarpgam Q/.

A_n_agr_lag_ A bc sl a_n_agrmp

d+p ?A ; ++++++++++

_

A_pe_ cjarpga_ O &tcp q 6'

Clcpe_ _jk_acl_b_ cl sl a_knmcjarpgam Ca

O 2 2 Ca ; A S+/

Amlcvgl cl n_p_jcjmbca_n_agrmpcq

g p

q

G?eJ_ a_n_agr_lag_ rmr_j m cosgt_jclrc_skclr_ _

GG7751

O 2 3 A : A* ( A( A8rGG

g

Amlcvgl cl qcpgc bc a_n_agrmpcq

J_ a_n_agr_lag_ cosgt_jclrc bgqkg+

lswc _

/ / / /

a| a Z ) c j ) a

A_n_agr_lag_ bc bmq amlbsarmpcq

@* @0 @1

EFFFFe

a Ncpkgqgtgb_b bgcjarpga_ bcj

t_am &m _gpc'

? ?pc_ bc sl_ nj_a_ &sl_ a_p_'_ Cqncqmp bcj _gqj_kgclrm

p* P_bgm bcj agjglbpm glrcplm

p P_bgm bcj agjglbpm cvrcplm

- Jmlegrsb bc jmq agjglbpmq

&; 6,63u /.+/0?q -T k'

!!!"#$%%&'($)*"+%

Cjcarpmrcalg_Pcj_agmlcq cjcarpmk_elrga_q w kcalga_q Q

PCEJ?Q

Kmtgkgclrmbc sl_ _esh_ k_elcrgx_b_Cj nmjmlmprc &L' bc j_ _esh_ cq_rp_bmnmp sl nmjm k_elrgam qsp

&Q' w pcncjgbm nmp sl nmjm k_elrgam lmprc &L', Aml cj nmjmqsp qsacbcp jm amlrp_pgm,

Amlbsarmpcqw `m`gl_q dghmq

A_knm _jpcbcbmp bc sl amlbsarmp pcarm amlamppgclrc

Qg qc qsnmlc osc sl rgp_`sxl cl cj chc bcjamlbsarmp_t_lx_clcjqclrgbmbcj_amppgclrc*qs kmtgkgclrm bc egpm glbga_p cj qclrgbm bcj_q jlc_q bc djshm agpasj_pcq amlalrpga_q,

A_knmcl cj glrcpgmpbc sl_ cqngp_ m `m`gl_ amlamppgclrc

Qg qc amlqgbcp_ osc sl rgp_`sxl cqr amjma_+

bm ncpnclbgasj_pkclrc_j nj_lm bc sl_ cqngp_mclcj chcbcsl_ `m`gl_* wqsegpmbc _t_lacamppcqnmlbc_jqclrgbmbc j_amppgclrc*qsbcq+

nj_x_kgclrmb_p j_ bgpcaagl bcj a_knmk_e+lrgam, Clcj j_bmmcvrpckmbcq_jgb_ bcj djshmcqr_psl nmjmL*wclcjmnscqrmsl nmjmQ,

Amlbsarmpcq w `m`gl_q kmtg`jcq

Amlbsarmpcq n_p_jcjmqBmq amlbsarmpcq n_p_jcjmq osc amlbsacl am+ppgclrcq amlqr_lrcq cl cj kgqkm qclrgbm* qc_rp_cl* w cl qclrgbm amlrp_pgm* qc pcncjcl,

@m`gl_q _jglc_b_qQg nmpbmq `m`gl_q amjma_b_q bc dpclrc n_q_lamppgclrcq cl cj kgqkm qclrgbm* j_q `m`gl_qqc _rp_cl9 qg j_q amppgclrcq rgclcl qclrgbmqamlrp_pgmq* j_q `m`gl_q qc pcncjcl,

Kosgl_q

Pcej_q bc jmq rpcq bcbmq ncpnclbgasj_pcq8

Bc j_ k_lm bcpcaf_ &n_p_ eclcp_bmpcq'

Qg cj lbgac _nslr_ cl j_ bgpcaagl bcj djshmk_elrgamwcjnsje_pclcjqclrgbmbcpmr_agl*cj ampbg_j &m kcbgm' glbga_p cj qclrgbm bc j_rclqgl eclcp_b_ &DCK' mbc j_ amppgclrc,

Bc j_ k_lm gxosgcpb_ &n_p_ kmrmpcq'

Qg cj lbgac _nslr_ cl j_ bgpcaagl bcj djshmk_elrgam wcj ampbg_j &m kcbgm' cl cj qclrgbmbc j_ amppgclrc* cj nsje_p glbga_p cj qclrgbmbc j_ pmr_agl,

+ ' & +

( ? F

(

!!!"#$%%&'($)*"+%

p 45

q 46

q 5.

q 5/

q 50

q 51

q 52

q 53

q 54

q 55

Cjcarpmrcalg_A_knmk_elrgam /0

K?ELGRSBCQ CL AGPASGRMQ K?ELCRGAMQ

Djshmk_elrgamg{ob^ qo^kpsbopîabi _l_fkâl ? ` ; /,/0ab0L

Ilkdfqra ab i^p`lirjk^p abikìbl

Abqbojkbpb - ` ^ môqfo ab i^p afjbkpflkbpabi kìbl v ab ? @

?l_fkâb ob^`q^k`f^ `lk kìblab efbool b fkar`q^k`f^ abmbkafbkqb ab i^ `loofbkqb,

Bpq^ _l_fk^ `rbkq^ `lk rk kìbl ab ^`bol* mbol kl qfbkb bkqobefbool,Pil pbbjmib^ mô^ cfkbp bpmb`fîbp* mlo bgbjmil* `ljl ^jmifcf`âlo j^dkqf`l,

I @lbcf` fbkqb ab mlqbk`f^ ab i^ _l_fk^8;+ .,02`j2-S> mô^ _l_fk^p `ljrkbp &bk ^fob' Z sb o P02 mô^ i^ cloj^ ab

; . ,/3`j 2-S> mô^ _l_fk^p bk ^`bfqb

q /51

Q /52

q /53

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amppgclrc _jrcpl_ 04

RP?LQDMPK?BMP

Bcqgel_agl bc jmq `m`gl_bmq

Aj_qgdga_aglqcel

j_ rclqgl lmkgl_j j_ dslagl cl cj agpasgrm&qclrgbmbc j_ rp_lqkgqgl bc clcpe_'

@m`gl_

rclqgl

k_wmp

bm aml

lmkgl_j

kclmp

@m`gl_bmosc

pcag`c z clrpce_

clcpe_

?jrm

tmg

@_hm

_hc

Npgk_pgm

&Glbgac /'

Qcaslb_pgm

&Glbgac 0'

B_rmq lmkgl_jcq &lbgac L'

A_n_agb_b &T?'

Pcj_agl bc rp_lqdmpk_agl

N_Q ; S/L-gl ; S+L-0L

l ; ; -0V- - /L

Amkm rclqgl lmkgl_j qcaslb_pg_ Sq lm qc rmk_ j_ amppcqnml+bgclrc_a_pe_ lmkgl_j qglm j_ bct_am* cqbcagp*S

O .43

o .44

o .45

q .46

q .5-

q .5.

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amppgclrc_jrcpl_ Q05

RP?LQDMPK?BMP

Npbgb_q cl cjam`pcNAsw npsc`_ bcamprmagpasgrm

S L*

O< x

Bg_ep_k_ d_qmpg_j

F ACj t_jmp bc NAs qjm bcnclbc bc j_ am+ppgclrc npgk_pg_ j v w qc bcrcpkgl_ kc+bg_lrc sl_ npsc`_ bc amprmagpasgrm &tcp cj bg_ep_k_ bc amlcvgm+lcq*b_rmq aml cj lbgacI', Cl cqr_ npsc`_ aml cj qcaslb_pgm clamprmqc_hsqr_ j_ rclqgl npgk_pg_ SZ _j t_jmpSk, aml cj as_j qcf_acl agpasj_p nmp jmq `m`gl_bmq qsq amppgclrcq lmkgl_jcq9 S gIcq r_l ncosc_ osc nscbcl bcqnpcag_pqc jmq t_jmpcq bc -s&Dc

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amppgclrc _jrcpl_

Q /60

q /61

q /62

q /63

q /64

q /65

Cqrpcjj_ &W'

S; Sd Z 1

G -:

Bcjr_ &? '

S; SD

G ; j D q- 1

AMLCVGMLCQRPGD?QGA?Q

P

Q

R

L

P

Q

R

SwSw,

Kcbgagl bc nmrclag_ rpgdqga_

A_pe_q qgkrpga_q &cosgjg`p_b_q'

Amlcvgl

aml lcsrpm&qgqrck_ bc2 fgjmq'

qgl lcsrpm&qgqrck_ bc 1 fgjmq'

Jglc_ G P A_pe_ Jlc_ / P A_pe_

q dt' o pS Z M o S

L MNmrclag_ rmr_j N; 1N p ; Z - 1 S G cmq:n

A_pe_q _qgkrpga_q &bcqcosgjg`p_b_q', Krmbm bc ?pml, Aml bmqu_rrkcrpmq,

Jlc_ A_pe_Bc _njga_agl eclcp_j w n_p_ pcbcqaml lcsrpmw qgllcsrpm, h

Nmrclag_ rmr_j N; N*) N0

j D Amppgclrc bc d_qc G S* Rclqglbc d_qcG Amppgclrc bc jlc_ z S Rclqgl clrpc jlc_qP ,Q ,R Amlbsarmpcq npglagn_jcqbc jlc_&m`gcl8 J* J0 J *'L Fgjm bc lcsrpm &m nslrm amkl'Np Nmrclag_ bc d_qc &_argt_'

q /66

q /67

q /7.

Cjcarpmrcalg_Amppgclrc _jrcpl_

A?JASJMBCNMRCLAG?QRPGD?QGA?Q

N_p_ a_pe_q qgkrpga_q8

Nmrclag_ pc_argt_

Nmrclag_ _argt_

D_armp bc nmrclag_

Np; Z d x s qcl:d

Cjcarpmrcalg_Kosgl_q Q1.

J? K?OSGL? BC AMPPGCLRC AMLRGLS?Bl_km &kmjmp m eclcp_bmp'

Eclcp_jgb_bcq

Amlqr_lrc bcj kmkclrm bc pmr_agl

Rclqgl glbsagb_ cl j_ _pk_bsp_ &DCK'

Kmkclrm bc pmr_agl

Amppgclrc bc _pk_bsp_

Rclqgl rcpkgl_j

Tcjmagb_b bc pmr_agl &pnq'

Nmrclag_ glrcpgmp

AK+NX

0gp_

" _ Ak Em'; 0 5 rA k l

K ; AK:G

_k _k _k

!!!"#$%%&'($)*"+%

q 0.3

q 0.4

3 0.5

q 0.6

Cjcarpmrcalg_Kosgl_q Q10

KMRMPCQ BC A? RPGD?QGAMQ

Tcjmagb_b bc qglapmlgqkmQcel cj lkcpmnbc n_pcqbcnmjmqw j_ dpcasclag_ d &cl Fx', qcrgclc

d 4.dTcjmagb_bbcqglapmlgqkmlq ; ; &cl pnk'

N N

Amlcvgl

Qg rmb_q j_q rcpkgl_jcq bcj bct_l_bm bcj cqr_rmp qc jjct_l _j r_+`jcpmbcamlcvgmlcq* clrmlacqcj kmrmpnscbcamlcar_pqccl bcj+r_ m cl cqrpcjj_,

Rclqgl nmp d_qccl cqrpcjj_ cl bcjr_

S

S p { \ 5 =SD ; S

Sl kmrmp aml j_ bcqgel_agl 44.-16. T mncp_ aml qsq t_jmpcqlmkgl_jcq bc amppgclrc* n_p w nmrclag_ amlcar_bm _ sl_ rclqgl

S; 16.Tcl?9 clrmlacqSD; 16.TS 44.

S44.TclW9 clrmlacqSD; 16.T

Amlcvglbcjr_+cqrpcjj_Jmq kmrmpcq bc _jr_q nmrclag_q mncp_l eclcp_jkclrc cl bcjr_,N_p_ ctgr_p amppgclrcq cvacqgt_q bc _pp_losc* cl pcbcq bc `_h_nmrclag_ qc jcq _pp_la_ amlcar_bmq cl cqrpcjj_* w nmqrcpgmpkclrcqcmncp_lcl bcjr_,Qg*nmpchcknjm* sl kmrmpaml rclqgl lmkgl_jbc44.-16.T qc_pp_la_cl cqrpcjj_ amlcar_bm _ sl_ pcb bc16.-00.T*clrmlacqqc jc_njga_ nmp d_qc / -Z\R bc qs rclqgl lmkgl_j,

Kmrmp_qglapmlm &m bc glbsaagl'Clcj bct_l_bmbcj pmrmpqc glbsacl rclqgmlcqwamppgclrcq nmp cja_knmk_elrgamegp_rmpgm npmbsagbm nmp j_ amppgclrc cl cj cqr_+rmp* nmp jm as_j qc jc bclmkgl_ r_k`gl kmrmp bc glbsaagl, J_tcjmagb_b bc mncp_agl cq _npmvgk_b_kclrc bc 1# _ 3# &bcq+jgx_kgclrm' kclmp osc j_ bcj a_knm egp_rmpgm &tcjmagb_b bc qgl+apmlgqkm', Aml a_pe_ qs tcjmagb_b ncpk_lcac amlqr_lrc,

Kmrmp qlapmlm

Pcosgcpc amppgclrc amlrgls_ n_p_ qs cvagr_agl, Qc _pp_la_ aml_wsb_ bc qs bct_l_bm _kmprges_bmp &bc h_sj_' f_qr_ _ja_lx_p j_tcjmagb_b bc qglapmlgqkm, Nscbc dslagml_p r_k`gl pctcpqg`jc+kclrcamkm eclcp_bmp qlapmlmm _jrcpl_bmp,

!!!"#$%%&'($)*"+%

o /-6

o /.-

o /..

o /./

P /.0

o /.1

o /.2

o /.3

o /.4

o /.5

o /.6

o //-

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= R = h p k r k hp] fa E@ E ER E . .> R > ] fk r k hp] fa x` z@ a h)] z uA o p n a h h] z0 zV ec v ] c

A h ~j ` e_ a o en r a l ] n] _ ] h_ q h] n a h ` a b ] o ] i ea j pk &:d R + L k n a fa i l hk ) a h ` a b ] o ] i ea j pk

l ] n] a h c n q l k B w2 a o :d

Qk`mjmRgnm bc

bgqnmqgrgtmAmlqrpsaagl

A_lrgb_bnpgk_pg_kcbgb_ Cqa_j_

N_p_kcbgp

. @m`gl_ ktgj@m`gl_ ktgj cl cj a_knm p_bg_j slg+dmpkc bc sl gkl ncpk_lclrc9 bmqpcqmprcq cqngp_jcqm bc rmpqgl amkmamlcvgmlcq w n_p_ cj amlrp_kmkclrmrmpqjml_j

T_jmp amlrglsm&kcbg_ _pgrk+rga_'

Jglc_j + - w S

@m`gl_ ktgjaml pcargdg+a_bmp

T_jmp amlrglsm&pcargdga_bmp' Jglc_j

:/// w S

O@m`gl_q clapsx

@m`gl_q ncpnclbgasj_pcq* pegb_kclrcslgb_q* cl cj a_knm lm slgdmpkc bcsl gkl ncpk_lclrc9 bmq amlcvgmlcqqgl amlrp_n_p m amlrp_kmkclrm

f

fLm jglc_j /0/

-*

d0

.@m`gl_ ktgjaml rcpkmn_p

Cj _j_k`pc a_jcd_armp bcj rcpkmn_p*qmjb_bm m cl cqrpcafm amlr_arm, J_rclqgl rcpkmcjarpga_ _jgkclr_ j_`m`gl_ ktgj

T_jmp cdga_xA_qg as_+bprga_

&0/

&0/

- w S

FgcppmbsjacBmq ngcx_q bc fgcppm bsjac* sl_ ktgjw sl_ dgh_9 `m`gl_ dgh_w pcqmprcqcqngp_+jcqn_p_ cj amlrp_kmkclrm

T_jmp cdga_x Lm jglc_j&0/

&2'/ w S

l Cjcarpmbgl+kgam

@m`gl_ ktgj* `m`gl_ dgh_ wbmq pcqmp+rcqcqngp_jcqm bcrmpqgl n_p_ cj aml+rp_kmkclrmw j_ amlcvgl9 n_lr_jj_k_elrga_

-/ -0 cmq :

As_bprga_n_p_ -wS+,jglc_jn_p_N

&0//, S, N

Tcmq :d

Mnrga_ c Gjskgl_aglGjskgl_agl, Dmrmkcrp_

A?LRGB?BCQ @?QGA?Q CL JSKGLMRCALG?

K_elgrsbQk`mjmq

w pcj_agmlcq Slgb_bCvnjga_agl

Glrclqgb_bjskglmq_

jt a_lbcj_ab

- cq sl_ k_elgrsb dsl+b_kclr_j, Tcp Cvnjga_+agmlcq eclcp_jcq,

?lesjmqjgbm

J

?q

p%q

cqrcpcmpp_+bgl

/ k+qp ; +++++++

/ k+

0cq j_ pcj_agl bcj pc_?q bc j_ qsncpdgagc cqd+pga_ glrcpacnr_b_* _j as_+bp_bm bcj p_bgm bc j_ cq+dcp_ pq, N_p_ sl lesjmqjgbm amknjcrm qc rgclc0; 25pqp; /0,34qp

Djshm jsklgam&nmrclag_jsklga_'

; jtjskcl

Gk; a b q p

:=

Mnrga_ c Gjskgl_aglGjskgl_agl, Pcdp_aagl

JCW BC J? GJSKGL?AGML

J_ gjskgl_agl bc sl_ qsncpdgagc cq gltcpq_kclrc npmnmpagml_j _gas_bp_bm bc qs bgqr_lag_ _ j_dsclrc bc jsx8

Ctg

Ct0

(0

{ p p

?(

% ?* R + (0

N_p_ ges_j gjskgl_agl bc sl_ qsncpdgagc j_q glrclqgb_bcq bc bmqdsclrcq bc jsx cqrl cl pcj_agl bgpcar_ _j as_bp_bm bc qsq bgqr_l+ag_q _ j_ qsncpdgagc8

jt/

{sp p

@((

Qsncpdgagc g CK

+++++++++++++ p0 ++++++++++

Pcdp_aagl bc j_ jsx

l ` qcl_

l_ qcl&"; amlqr_lrc n_p_ rmbm lesjm

l_as_lbmqcld g\ * f_w pcdjcvgl rmr_j

l `

Glbgacq bc pcdp_aagl &n_p_ jsx_k_pgjj_bcqmbgm*?; 367,1 lk'

Kcbgmkclmqbclqm

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