2014/10/8 1

Shigenori Shirouzu, IEEE Member, Eiko Shirouzu, Yumeka Seno, Shinobu Fujitani,

Sotetsu Katayama, Takeo Masaki and Hisanobu Sugano, IEEE Member

からんこ山の野遊び

Playing at a hill with natural woodland

(Named Karanco mountain)

Four Years Old Children’s Physical Activity:

Can we confirm the difference of physical activity due

to the difference of educational program?

2014/10/8 2

Children’s physical activity (PA)

USA

1) Obesity of children is a rising crisis in public health.

2) Many scientific efforts

3) Many studies were performed to measure PA and sedentary

behaviors of children.

4) Guidelines for physical activity of children Active Start (National Association for Sport and Physical Education)

Japan

1) Obesity people were few in Japan.

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan), Obesity in Japanese,

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/kenkou/seikatu/himan/number.html

2) Very few objective data for children

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a four years old boy

wearing M-BIT

Develop a wearable acceleration and ECG

measuring device (M-BIT), and collect

objective data of children’s

1) Physical activities,

2) Sleep behaviors,

3) Activity of autonomic nervous systems,.

He can do everything he wants.

He can enter sleep without paying

attention to M-BIT.

Our policy

M-BIT

Sampling frequency (ECG:128Hz, ACC:1Hz)

Sampling duration (25 hours)

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Measure of physical activity (MPA) and METs

We resampled acceleration vectors with 0.1Hz (10 seconds interval), and

obtained epoch summations of the difference of the acceleration vector’s

length of two successive vectors as MPA.

Metavine, Vine, Tokyo, Japan

(portable calorimeter)

Simultaneous measurement with M-BIT and Metavine

Subjects (total: 19, female: 3, age: 41.0±15.1 y.o.,

weight: 71.7±14.6kg)

“relax and standing”, “walk slowly”, “walk usually”, “walk

fast” and “walk as fast as you can” five minutes each

METs=1.000+0.201×MPA

(r2=0.77; SEE=±0.87METs).

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Analysis of 24hour data

1) Our epoch duration for analysis was 1 minute.

2) We discriminated sleep and awake area with sleep/awake

estimation based on body movements.

3) During awake we only obtained heart rate (HR). We changed the

level of FREP elimination in awake and sleep.

4) We obtained HR and MPA of all the awake epochs, then we

classified awake epochs to four PA category according to the

estimated METs level from MPA as

sedentary PA (<1.5 METs),

light PA (1.5 METs ≤, < 3 METs),

moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (3 METs≤, < 6METs)

vigorous PA (VPA) (6 METs ≤).

When subjects were awake and showing some level of PA, many false

RR interval (FREP)s were detected.

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Lessons

Playing Music

Tea Ceremony

Folk Dance

Nazareth Kindergarten

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Playing Indoors

Nazareth Kindergarten

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Playing Outdoors Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden

Nazareth Kindergarten

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Playing Outdoors

からんこ山の野遊び

Playing at a hill with natural woodland

(Named Karanco mountain) Nazareth Kindergarten

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The difference of physical activity due to the difference of

educational program

Large PA day Normal PA day

A rainy day

Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden

Playing at Karanco mountain

Playing Indoors

Lessons

Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden

Lessons

Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden

Lessons

Playing Indoors

Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden

Home Home

46 children 39 children

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Answer sheet to children and their parents (originally Japanese)

for quick report and their education.

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Large PA day

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Normal PA day

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0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

10 15 20 25 30 35MV

PA

Per

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tag

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ea

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on

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Time of day (hours)

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

10 15 20 25 30 35V

PA

Per

cen

tag

e in

ea

ch

on

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Time of Day (hours)

Hourly % times of MVPA and VPA

△: Large PA day, ○: Normal PA day

Caranko Mt.

garden

indoor

garden

Caranko Mt.

garden

indoor

garden

two-way ANOVA significant L and N

not girls and boys, interaction

we did not discriminated girls and boys in these figures.

Hourly VPA and MVPA percentages were large during children were in

kindergarten and gradually decreased at their home.

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mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD

sedentary % 44.9 6.5 42.7 6.8 46.9 9.5 48.5 7.3

light % 38.0 4.1 39.4 4.5 40.2 6.1 38.8 4.7

MVPA % 12.4 2.6 12.9 2.3 10.2 3.2 10.1 3.4

VPA % 4.6 2.0 5.0 2.1 2.6 1.2 2.7 1.3

unit

Large PA day Normal PA day

girls boys girls boys

Daily % times for the comparison with previous reports

significant

effect of L and N

effect of L and N

effect of L and N

1 4

3 2

1

4 3

2

Rainy day

Light PA were

large even in

rainy day

not

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mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD

sleep bpm 85.4 9.0 77.6 8.1 78.9 7.3 80.1 7.5

sedentary bpm 113.5 7.8 103.8 7.1 105.2 10.7 106.3 9.7

light bpm 124.2 7.2 114.4 6.1 113.7 11.5 115.8 8.2

MVPA bpm 136.1 8.4 127.2 7.6 124.3 9.0 125.4 8.9

VPA bpm 144.5 6.8 138.4 8.1 133.0 9.1 131.1 10.2

unit

Large PA day Normal PA day

girls boys girls boys

Physical Activity and Heart rate

significance twoway ANOVA simple main effect tests

L and N boys & girls interaction

Sleep

sedentary PA ○ L boys & girls

light PA ○ L boys & girls girls L and N

MVPA ○ L boys & girls girls L and N

VPA ○

Increase of HR depend not only the level of PA but also the length of

continuation of these PA, and with the amount of HR increase of girls were

larger than those of boys.

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MVPA VPA Total

Large PA day 102.0 (18.9) 38.8 (16.9) 140.8 > 120 OK

Normal PA day 82.6 (26.5) 21.7 (9.9) 104.3 < 120 16 minutes shorter

(rainy day)

normal PA days without rain were thought to be locate near recommendation

level

We have to prepare for rainy day, staying indoor all the day.

Here, children showed light PA and did not behave sedentary, just the

improvements of how to move or play indoor may increase PA from light PA to

MVPA.

For example, since, we Japanese live in small wooden house, children are

strictly taught “walk quietly indoor”. Walk quietly indoor belongs light PA.

To change the indoor moving method form quiet walking to skipping, we may

change PA level from light PA to MVPA or VPA.

preschoolers participate 120 min of MVPA daily National Association for Sport and Physical Education of USA

2014/10/8 18

Future issues

With Nazareth Kindergarten

1) To elucidate children’s usual PA

2) Search the method to increase rainy day’s PA

3) Cohort study from 6 month to 5 years old

4) We have been challenged by the Nazareth Kindergarten.

Can you measure the difference on children’s activity of autonomic

nervous system between playing at garden and Caranko Mt.?

In general

1) To measure children who are attending various preschools with

different educational programs and systems.

2) To elucidate the relationship between daytime PA and sleep behavior.