=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek: =kj; tujFUNt ek:

Mo;thh;fs; thop. mUspr; nray; thop. jho;thJkpy; Futh; jhk; thop. - Vo;ghUk; ca;a. mth;fs; ciuj;jitfs; jhk; thop. nra;a kiw jd;DlNd Nrh;e;J.(cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 3Mk; ghRuk;) Mo;thh;fs; Vw;wk;. mUspr; nray; Vw;wk;. jho;thJk; ,d;wp mit jhk; tsh;j;Njhh; - Vo; ghUk; ca;a. mth;fs; nra;j tpahf;fpiafs; cs;snjy;yhk; itak; mwpag; gfh;Nthk; tha;e;J.(cgNjruj;jpdkhiy34Mk;ghRuk;) njUSw;w Mo;thh;fs;. rPh;ik mwpthuhh;. mUspr; nraiy mwpthuhh;. - mUs; ngw;w ehjKdp Kjyhk; (Kjyhd) ek; Njrpfiu my;yhy; Ngij kdNk! cz;Nlh NgR. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 36Mk; ghRuk;)

Mtzp khjj;jpy; mtjhpj;j Mo;thh;, Mrhh;ah;fs; ngah;fSk; jpUer;rj;jpuq;fSk; fPNo tUkhW :

Mo;thh;/Mrhhpah;; jpUehkk; jpUel;rj;jpuk; gf;fk; fz;zd; Nuhfpzp }

nghpathr;rhd;gps;;is Nuhfpzp } 2 – 27 ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;;is Nuhfpzp }

=ngk;G+J}h; xd;whd vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp

Nuhfpzp }

jpUf;FUifg; gpuhd;gps;;shd; kpUfrPup\k; 28 – 32 jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; nry;tek;gp G+rk; 33 – 36 mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh `];jk; 37 – 41 =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp rpj;jpiu 42 – 46 nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; Nfl;il 47 – 67 jpUf;NfhtY}h; Mo;thd; jpUNthzk; 67

,th;fspd; jdpad;, ehs;ghl;L, thopj;jpUehkk; kw;Wk; ,th;fs;

mUspAs;s g;uge;jq;fs;, f;ue;jq;fisg; gw;wp fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk; :

=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

=fz;zd;, nghpatr;rhd; gps;is, ehadhuhr;rhd; gps;;is, kw;Wk; =ngUk;G+J}h; xd;whd = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp –

tU\j;jpUer;rj;jpuk; - Mtzp - Nuhfpzp

=fz;zd;

= fpU\;zh;, jpUty;ypf;Nfzp

jdpad;

]pk;̀ khN]s]pNj gNr\ Nuh`pz;ahk\;lkPjpnjs / rukhh;j;j g;ujhjhuk; f;U\;zk; te;Nj [fj;FUk; //

jNjhsfpy[fj;gj;k Nghjhahr;AjghEeh / NjtfP G+h;t]e;j;ahah khtph;g;g+jk; k`hj;keh //

=n[ae;jp vd;W $wpdhNy =fpU\;zhpd; jpUmtjhpj;j jpUehisNa

$wpf;Fk;. kw;w vk;ngUkhd;fspd; jpUmtjhpj;j ehis $wpg;gpL;k;NghJ, me;je;j vk;ngUkhd;fspd; jpUehkj;NjhL n[ae;jp vd;wfpw nrhy;iyAk;

Nrh;j;Jr; nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. (=eurpk;k n[ae;jp, =tuh` n[ae;jp Kjypad). ,J xU =fpU\;zhpd; jdp mtjhu tpNr\khFk;.

fz;zid Mo;thh;fs; gy ghRuq;fspy; mDgtpj;Js;shh;fs;. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iw fPNo fhz;Nghk;. ngha;ifaho;thh; - Kjy;jpUte;jhjp - 24Mk; ghRuk; tpuNyhL tha;Njha;e;j ntz;iza; fz;L. Ma;r;rp cuNyhL cwg;gpdpj;j ehd;W - FuNyhthJ Vq;fp epide;J mayhh; fhz ,Ue;jpiyNa ? xq;Nfhjtz;zh ! ciu. G+jj;jho;thh; - ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp - 64Mk; ghRuk; fijapd; (fijAk;) ngUk;nghUSk; fz;zh!. epd;NgNu ,jakpUe;jitNaNaj;jpy;. - fijAk; jpUnkhopaha; epd;wjpUkhNy!. cd;idg; gUnkhopahy; fhzg;gzp. Ngaho;thh; - Kd;whk; jpUte;jhjp - 42Mk; ghRuk; Nfhtydha; Mepiufs; Nka;j;Jf; FoYhjp khtydha;f;fPz;l kzptz;zk; - Nktp mhpAUkhfp ,uzpadjhfk; njhpAfpuhy; fPz;lhd; rpdk;. jpUkopiraho;thh; jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk; - 37Mk; ghRuk; fha;j;jePs; tpsq;fdp cjph;j;J vjph;e;j G+q;FUe;jk; rha;j;J. khgpse;j ifj;jyj;j fz;zd; vd;guhy; Ma;r;rp ghiy cz;L kz;iz cz;L ntz;nza; cz;L. gpd; Nga;r;rp ghiy cz;L gz;nlhh; Vdkha thkdh.

ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp - 50Mk; ghRuk; (fgp];jy jpt;aNjrj;jpd; kq;fsh]hrdg; ghRuk;) $w;wKk; rhuh nfhLtpidAk; rhuh. jP khw;wKk; rhuh tifawpe;Njd;. Mw;wq; fiuf;fplf;Fk; fz;zd; fly; fplf;Fk;. khad; ciuf;fplf;Fk; cs;sj;J vdf;F. ek;kho;thh; jpUtpUj;jk; - 12Mk; ghRuk; Ngh;fpd;wJ kzpkhik gpwq;fp ms;sy; gaiy Ch;fpd;wJ fq;Fy; CopfNs. ,njy;yhkpdNt <h;fpd;w rf;fuj;J vk;ngUkhd; fz;zd; jz;ze;Joha; rhh;fpd;w ed;ndQ;rpdhh;. je;J Nghd jdp tsNk. nghpajpUte;jhjp - 36Mk; ghRuk; mtdhk; ,tdhk; ctdhk; kw;W ck;gh; mtdhk; mtd; vd;wpuhNj. mtdhk; mtNd vdj; njspe;J fz;zDf;Nf jPh;e;jhy; mtNd vtNdYkhk;. 6Mk; gj;J - 7Mk; jpUtha;nkhop - 1Mk; ghRuk; cz;Zk; NrhWgUFePh; jpd;Dk; ntw;wpiyAnky;yhk; fz;zd;. vk;ngUkhndd;nwd;Nw fz;fs; ePh;(fs;) ky;fp. kz;zpDs; mtd; rPh; tsk; kpf;ftDhh; tpdtp jpz;zk; vd; ,skhd;GF%h; jpUf;NfhSNu. FyNrfuho;thh; - ngUkhs; jpUnkhop - 6k; jpUnkhop - 9Mk; ghRuk; kQ;fy ey;tdkhiy khh;tpypyq;f kapy; jiog;gPyp #b. nghq;fpsthil miuapy; rhj;jpg; G+q;nfhJf;fhjpy; Gzug;nga;J. nfhq;F eWq;Foyhh;fNshL Fioe;J FoypdpJhjpte;jha;. vq;fSf;Nf xUehs; te;Jhj cd;Foypd;dpirNghjuhNj.

nghpaho;thh;

jpUgy;yhz;L – 7Mk; ghRuk; jPapy; nghypfpd;w nrQ;Rluhop jpfo;jpUr;rf;fuj;jpd; Nfhapy; nghwpahNy xw;Wz;L epd;W FbFb Ml;nra;fpd;Nwhk; khag; nghUgil thzid Mapuk; NjhSk; nghop FUjp gha. Row;wpa Mop ty;yhDf;Fg; gy;yhz;L $WJNk. nghpaho;thh; jpUnkhop - 3Mk;gj;J 1Mk; jpUnkhop 1Mk; ghRuk; jd;Nduhapuk; gps;isfNshL jsh; eilapl;L tUthd;. nghd;Nda; nea;nahL ghyKJz;L xUGs;Std; ngha;Na jtOk.; kpd;Ndh; Ez;zpil tQ;rkfs; nfhq;ifJQ;r tha;itj;jgpuhNd ! md;Nd! cd;idmwpe;J nfhz;Nld; cdf;F mQ;Rtd; mk;kk;juNt. =Mz;lhs; - jpUg;ghit - 25Mk; ghRuk; xUj;jp kfdha; gpwe;J. Xhputpy; xUj;jpkfdha; xspj;Jtsu. jhpf;fpyydhfpj; jhd;jPq;Fepide;j fUj;ijg; gpiog;gpj;Jf; fQ;rd; tapw;wpy;. neUg;ngd;d epd;w neLkhNy! cd;id mUj;jpj;Jte;Njhk; giw jUjpahfpy;. jpUj;jf;fnry;tKk; NrtfKk;ahk;ghb. tUj;jKk; jPh;e;J kfpo;NjNyhnuk;gtha;. ehr;rpahh; jpUnkhop - 13Mk; jpUnkhop - Kjy; ghRuk; fz;zd; vd;Dk; fUe;nja;tk; fhl;rpg; gofpf; fplg;Ngid Gz;zpy; Gspg;nga;jhw; Nghy; Gwk; epd;W moF NgrhNj ngz;zpd; tUj;jk; mwpahj ngUkhd; miuapy; gPjf tz;z Mil nfhz;L vd;id thl;lk; jzpa tPrPNu. njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; jpUkhiy - 45Mk; ghRuk; tsntOk; jts khl kJiukh efuk; jd;Ds;. ftskhy; ahid nfhd;w fz;zid muq;f khiy. Jstj; njhz;lha njhy;rPh;j; njhz;lubg;nghb nrhy;. ,isaGd;ftpijNaYk; vk;gpuhw;F ,dpathNw.

jpUgs;spnaOr;rp – 10Mk; ghRuk; fbkyh;f; fkyq;fs; kyh;e;jd ,itNah fjputd; fid fly; Kisj;jtd; ,tNdh Jb ,ilahh; RhpFoy; gpope;Jjwpj; Jfpy; cLj;Njwpdh; #o;Gdy; muq;fh ! njhilnahj;j JstKk; $ilAk; nghype;J Njhd;wpa Njhs; njhz;lubg;nghb vd;Dk; mbaid. mspad; vd;wUsp cd; mbahh;f;F Ml;gLj;jha; ! gs;sp vOe;jUshNa.

,e;jg; ghRuk; fpU\;zh mtjhuj;ij Fwpg;gjhf ek; G+h;th;fs;

nrhy;Ythh;fs;. vt;thW vdpy;, Nfhgpiffs; fhtphpapy; ePuhb t];jpuq;fis gpope;J cjwp cLj;jpf;nfhz;L fiuNawp cd;id Nrtpf;f te;J tpl;lhh;fs;. eP ,d;Dk;; cuf;fj;jpypUe;J votpy;iyNah? vd;W nghpa ngUkhis njhz;lubg;nghbaho;thh; Nfs;tp Nfl;gjhf ,g;ghRuk; mike;Js;sJ. jpUg;ghzho;thh; - mkydhjpgpuhd; - 10Mk; ghRuk; nfhz;ly; tz;zidf;. Nfhtydha; ntz;iza; cz;lthad;. vd; cs;sk; fth;e;jhid mz;lh;Nfhd; mzp muq;fd;. vd; mKjpidf; fz;lfz;fs;. kw;nwhd;wpidf; fhzNt. jpUkq;ifaho;thh;

nghpajpUnkhop-4Mk; gj;J–8Mk; jpUnkhop–1Mk; ghRuk; - jpUghh;j;jd;gs;sp ftisahidf; nfhk;nghrpj;j fz;zndd;Wk;. fhkUrPh;f; FtisNkf kd;dNkdp nfhz;lNfhd; vd;dhid nad;Wk;. jtskhl ePLehq;ifj; jhkiuahs; Nfs;tndd;Wk;. gtsthahs; vd;kle;ij ghh;j;jd;gs;sp ghLthNs. rpwpa jpUkly; fz;zp 28 Kjy; 38 tiu Muhj jd;ikadha; Mq;nfhU ehs; Ma;ghb rPuhh; fiy my;Fy; rPubr; nre;Jth; tha; thuhh; td Kiyahs; kj;jhug; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Vuhh; ,il Neht vj;jidNahh; NghJkha; rPuhh;japh;file;J ntz;nza;jpuz;ljid Ntuhh;Ejy;klths; NtNwhh;fyj;jpl;L ehuhh; cwp Vw;wp ed;fika itj;jjid Nghuhh; Ntw;fz; klths; Nghe;jidAk; ngha; cwf;fk; xuhjtd; Nghy; cwq;fp mwpTw;W jhuhh; jle;Njhs;fs; cs;ssTk; if ePl;b

Muhj ntz;nza; tpOq;fp. mUfpUe;j Nkhuhh; Flk; cUl;b Kd; fple;j jhdj;Nj Xuhjtd; Nghy; fple;jhidf; fz;ltSk; thuhj;jhd; itj;jJ fhzhs;. tapwbj;J ,q;F Muhh; GFJthh;? Iah; ,th; my;yhy; ePuhk; ,J nra;jPh; vd;Nwhh; neLq;fapw;why; Cuhh;fs; vy;yhUk; fhz cuNyhNl jPuh ntFspasha;r; rpf;nfd thh;j;jbg;g Muh tapw;wpNdhL Mw;whjhd;. md;wpAk; ePuhh; neLq;faj;ij nrd;wiyf;f epd;Wug;gp Xuhapuk; gz ntq;Nfhtpay; ehfj;ij thuha; vdf;nfd;W kw;wjd; kj;jfj;J rPuhh; jpUtbahy; gha;e;jhd;. nghpa jpUkly; - fz;zp 137 Kjy; 143 tiu jhd; Kd ehs; kpd;dpil Ma;r;rpah; jk; Nrhpf;fstpfz; Jd;D gly; jpwe;J Gf;F. japh; ntz;nza; jd; tapwhu tpOq;f. nfhOq;faw;fz; kd;Dk; klNthh;fs; gw;wpNahh; thd;fapw;why; gpd;Dk; cuNyhL fl;Lz;l ngw;wpikAk; md;dNjhh; G+jkha; Mah; tpotpd;fz; Jd;D rflj;jhy; Gf;f ngUQ;Nrhw;iw Kd;dpUe;J Kw;wj;jhd; Jw;wpa njw;nwdTk; kd;dh; ngUk; ritAs; tho;Nte;jh; J}jdha; jd;id ,fo;Jiug;gj; jhd; Kd ehs; nrd;wJTk; kd;D giw fwq;f kq;ifah; jk; fz; fspg;g nfhd;dtpYk; $j;jdha;g; ngah;j;Jk; Flkhb vd;dptd;? vd;dg;gLfpd;w <lwTk; kJuftpaho;thh; - fz;zpEz;rpWj;jhk;G - Kjy; ghRuk; fz;zpEz; rpWj;jhk;gpdhy; fl;Lz;zg; gz;zpa ngUkhad; - vd;dg;gdpy;. ez;zpj; njd;FU$h; ek;gpnad;wf;fhy;. mz;;zpf;Fk; mKJhWk; vd;dhTf;Nf. jpUtuq;fj;jKjdhh; - ,uhkhE[Ehw;we;jhjp - 68Mk; ghRuk; Mnudf;fpd;W epfh;r;nrhy;ypy;?. khad; md;WIth;nja;tj; Njhpdpw; nrg;gpa fPijapd; nrk;ikg; nghUs;njhpag; ghhpdpw; nrhd;d tpuhkhDridg; gzpAk; ey;Nyhh; rPhpdpw; nrd;W gzpe;jJ. vd;dhtpAk; rpe;ijANk.

rlNfhgh; me;jhjp - fk;gh; mUspaJ - 7Mk; ghRuk; ftpg;gh mKj ,irapd; fwpNahL fz;zd; cz;zf; Ftpg;ghd FUifg; gpuhd;rl Nfhgd;F khpnfhz;fd; Gtpg;gh tyh;jk; gpuhd;jpU tha;nkhop G+Ruh;jk; nrtpg;ghy; Eioe;JGf; Fs;sj; JNsepd;W jpj;jpf;FNk. kzthskhKdpfs; - jpUtha;nkhop Ehw;we;jhjp - 57Mk; ghRuk; cz;ZQ;Nrhwhjp nahU%d;Wk; vk;ngUkhd.; fz;zd; vd;Nw ePh;ky;fpf; fz;zpizfs; - kz;Zyfpy; kd;DjpUf;NfhShpy; khad;ghy; Nghk;khwd;. nghd;dbNa ee;jkf;Fg; nghd;. gftj; fPjh ruk ];Nyhfk;

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mee;ah]; rpe;jae;Njh khk; Na [eh: gh;Agh]Nj Nj\hk; epj;ahgpAf;jhehk; NahfNr\kk; t`hk; a`k;

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tptuzk;

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G+kpNjtpf;F jd;kPJ vj;jid Nfhbf;fzf;fhf ey;kf;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fisr;Rkg;gJ ,ytk;gQ;irr; Rkg;gJ Nghy; tUj;jkw;W ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; xU J\;ld; ,Ue;jhy; ,Uk;G %l;iliaj; jhq;FtJNghy; kpf

tUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mjyhy; j;thguAfj;jpy; ,g;G+kpapy; gpwe;j fk;]d;, rpRghyd; Kjypa mRuh;fspd; ghuj;ijg; nghWf;fkhl;lhky; G+kpg;gpuhl;b Nfhgk; nfhz;L NkUkiyapd; cr;rpapy; cs;s Njth;fspd; rigia mile;J mr;rigapd; eLtpy; tPw;W ,Uf;Fk; ehd;Kfid tzq;fpj; jd;Jauj;ij Kiwapl;lhs;. mjw;F ehd;Kfd; rpwpJfhyk; Nahrpj;J ,J ek;khy; MfhJ vd;W nrhy;yp ]h;tNyhf gpjhthfpa =ke; ehuazDf;F ,ij mwptpj;J mth; %ykhf ,e;j mRuh;fis mopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUjp me;j G+kpgpuhl;biaAk; kw;WKs;s Njth;fisAk; $l;bf; nfhz;L Ngha; ghw;flypy; gs;sp nfhz;L cs;s gukidj; njhOJ Jjpj;jdh;. X Njth;fNs! cq;fs; fUj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ,g;gpwtpapy; ehd; t]{Njth; Njtfp MfpNahUf;F rhJghpj;uhzKk; Jh;[e tpehrKk; jh;k ]k;];jhgeKk; nra;af;flNtd;. ePq;fs; Nghfyhk; vd;W Nrhjptha; jpwe;J mUspr;nra;jhh;. mth;fs; guk Mee;jj;Jld;; jj;jk; ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;whh;fs;. mRuh;fis nfhy;tjw;fhf gukhj;kh Njtfpf;F vl;lhtJ Foe;ijahf Mtzp khjj;jpy; m\;lkp $ba Nuh`pzP el;rj;jpuj;jpy; ,uT tpU\g yf;dj;jpy; =f;U\;zdhf mtjhpj;jhh;. kz;zpd; ghuk; epq;Ftjw;fhfNt tlkJiuapy; mtjhpj;J mRuh;fis mopj;J G+kp gpuhl;bapd; tpUg;gj;ij epiwNtw;wpdhh;. ,jidNa ek;kho;thUk; jd; jpUtha;nkhopapy; 9-1-10 ghRuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shh;. mg;ghRuj;ij fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;. fz;zdy;yhy; ,y;iyfz;Bh; ruz;mJepw;fte;J kz;zpd;ghuk;ePf;Fjw;Nf tlkJiug;gpwe;jhd; jpz;zkhEk;Kilikcz;Nly; mtdbNrh;e;Jca;k;kpNdh vz;zNtz;lhEk;kjhJk; mtdd;wpkw;wpy;iyNa.

NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; fhQ;rP P.B.A. ];thkp mUspAs;s =fpU\;zhtjhu itgt ]q;f;u`k; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. =f;U\;zh mtjhuj;jpd; kfpik (=tpy;ypG+j;J}h; tpj;thd; = c.Nt Mh;.fz;zd; ];thkp vOjpAs;s fz;zDk; fhhpkhwDk; vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ) vk;ngUkhd; ek;Nghd;w khdplh;fis tho itf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w fUidapdhy; kz;Zyfpy; vLj;j mtjhuq;fs; gygy. G+Nyhfj;jpy; gpwg;gjdhNyNa gfthDf;Fk; ngUik vd;W Ntjq;fs; xykpLfpd;wd;. rhidapNy jPl;lg;ngw;w khzpf;fk; NghNy gpwf;fg; gpwf;f xsp tpQ;rpj; jpfo;fpwhd; vk;ngUkhd; vd;fpd;wdh; ek; G+h;th;fs;. gfthd; vLj;j mtjhuq;fs; gythapDk; mtw;Ws; vy;yhk; rpwe;jjhfg; Nghw;wg;gLtJ f;U\;zh mtjhukhFk;. vz;fspy; xd;gJ vd;w vz;Zf;F Nkk;gl;l vz; vt;thW fpilaNjh mJNghd;W xd;gjhtJ mtjhukhfpa =f;U\;zh mtjhuj;jpw;F Nkk;gl;l mtjhuk; fpilahJ. mj;itjpahd kJ]{je ]u];tjpAk;$l f;U\;zhj; guk; fpkgp jj;jtk; m`k; e[hNe vd;whh;. ,ijg;Nghy; ek;kho;thUk; fWj;j kdk; xd;Wk; Ntz;lh fz;zyy;yhy; nja;tkpy;iy vd;whh;. ,t;thW kz;Zyfpy; kdprh;fhfg;gpwe;J glhjd gl;l gukdhd fz;zd; 100 Mz;Lfs; tho;e;jhh;. nra;jwpfhpa gy nray;fis nra;jhh;. ey;Nyhh;fis thoitj;J jPath;fis mopj;J mwj;ij epiyehl;bdhh;. fz;zd; jd;Dila Nrhjpf;Fg; NghFk;NghJ kdepiwNthL nry;ytpy;iy. ,dp ehl;lhiuj; jpUj;j ehk; gpwf;fyhfhJ vd;W KbT nra;J Mo;thh;fisAk; Mrhh;ah;fisAk; mtjhp;gpj;Nj jpUj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjpG+z;lhd;. =fpU\;zd; mtjhpj;j ,e;j jpUehspy; mtdplk; kpFe;j gf;jp nfhz;L ,Ue;J =f;U\;zfh;zhk;Ujk; vd;w f;ue;jj;ij mUspa yPyh]{fhpd; itgtr;RUf;fj;ij fPno mDgtpg;Nghk;.

,e;E}iy tpsf;f ciuAld; jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; rpq;fg;nghUkhs; Nfhapy; khlG+rp tpj;thd; =.c.Nt uhkhE[hrhh;a ];thkp. ,e;E}y; =irNy]jhaghj;uk; vd;Dk; khjg; gj;jphpifapy; 2009Mk; Mz;L Nk khj ,jopypUe;J njhlh;e;J ntsp te;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ. yPyh]{fh; vd;gth; gpwtpf;FUlidg; Gz;lhPfhr\dhfg; Gfo;e;J ftpghbg; nghUs; gilj;J mijr; rpe;jhkzp vd;Dk; jh]pf;F nfhLj;J mts; jUk; rpw;wpd;gj;ij mEgtpj;J tPzhff; fhyj;ij fopj;J te;jhh;. vk;ngUkhd; Nkd;NkYk; J}h;fjpapNy iftpQ;rpf; nfl;L Ngtijf; fz;L ,tiu ey;top gLj;jp ekf;F Ml;nfhs;Nthk; vd;W rq;fy;gpj;jhd;. ,t;tsT jPk;gpNy

iftsh;e;j ,tiu xU Mrhh;aidf; nfhz;L jpUj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;jhd;. ,th;f;F mj;ae;j mgpkj tp\akhd rpe;jhkzpnad;fpw jh]papd; neQ;rpNy GFe;J mts; %ykhfNt ,tiuj; jpUj;j Kad;whd;. mt;tstpNy ,e;j yPyh]{fh; xU ehs; nghOjpy; jd; je;ijapdJ

];uhh;j;jk; g;uhg;jkhf md;iwajpdk; Nyhfj;jhw;fhf rpwpJ mQ;rp, cjak;

njhlq;fp mts; Kfj;Nj tpopahky; nghWj;jpUe;J, ];uhj;jj;ij rlf;nfd

Kbj;J, rpwpJ cz;gJk; cz;ghJkha; tpiue;Njhb mts; tPl;bd; thriy mile;J fjitj; jl;bdhh;. fjT jpwthikahNy cilAk;gb cuj;J ,bj;jhh;. mg;nghOJ me;j jh]papd; kdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ];h;Nt];tud; nks;s

nks;sj; J}z;btpl, mtSk; ];uhh;j;jk; nra;J te;j ,tid ,d;W cs;Ns tutplf; $lhJ. mt;thW cs;Ns tur;nra;jhy; ,tidAk; ek;ikAk; fy;ypl;L tPRthh;fs; ,t;Thpy; cs;sth;fs; vd;W vz;zp fjT jpwf;fhky; Ngrhky; ,Ue;jhs;. ,tisf; fhzhtpl;lhy; g;uhzd; jhpf;fhJ vd;W vz;zp ,th; ,ts; tPl;bDs;Ns Vwpf; Fjpj;J mtisj; jOtpf; nfhz;lhh;. mts; ,g;nghOJ ,tiug; ghh;j;J INah! kykhk;]k; epiwe;J eufj;Jf;F Jtukhd vd; rhPuj;jpy; gz;zpd g;Nukj;ij mfpyN`a g;uj;aePfdhd gukGU\dplj;jpy; itj;jhy; ePh; c[;[Ptpj;J NghfyhNk vd;W nrhd;dhs;. ,th; mijf;Nfl;Lj;

jd; jiyiaf; nfhLj;jhfpYk; mts; Ngr;ir elj;jty;yth; MifahNy, ,ts; nrhd;dgb gukGU\idg; gw;w tifnahd;Wk; mwpfpNyNd vd;W epidj;J Nky; nra;tJ Njhw;whky; jpifj;jhh;. mt;tstpNy mts; ,t;T+hpy; N]hkfphp vd;fpw k`hEghth; cs;shh;. mtiur;nrd;W ghh;j;jPuhfpy; ckf;F mth; ed;ikia ciug;ghh; vd;whs;. ,th; mijf;Nfl;L me;jr\;zNk vOe;jpUe;J me;j N]hkfphpiar; nrd;W ghh;j;jhh;. mtiug; gzpe;J jk;Kila Ke;jpa nraiy vy;yhk; tpthpf;f mijf; Nfl;l mth; INah! vd;W fUzpj;J rpy ehs; jk;KlNd Nrh;j;J itj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. ,tUf;F me;j rj;rq;fj;jpdhy; fhkf;Nuhjhjpfs; ahTk; mope;J ]k;rhuj;jpy; Miraw;W Mj;kFzq;fs; Nkypl;L tu mt;tstpNy N]hkfphpahdth; ,tUila rp\;ayr\zk; epiwe;J ,Ug;gij epr;rapj;J ,tUf;F ke;ju cgNjrj;ijg; gz;zpdhh;. ,tUk; me;j ke;j;uj;ij [gpj;J mth; cgNjrpj;j

mh;j;jq;fis vy;yhk; keek; gz;zp tu, ]h;Nt];tud; ,JNt jkf;F jf;f jUdk; vd;W vz;zp ,tUs; GFe;J jd;id metujghtid nra;ag;gz;zp mth; ];tg;gzj;jpNy jd; tbtoifnay;yhk; fhl;ldhh;. ,tUk; mJNt mbahf mt;toif mDgtpj;J gpd;G jhk; xUth; kl;Lk; mDgtpj;jJ NghuhJ vd;W mf;fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kw;w ahtiuAk; jpUj;jpr; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;L mDgtpj;J te;jhh;. mt;tsNthL eph;f;fhky; gpd;Gs;shUk; mwpe;J

mDgtpj;J c[;[Ptpg;gjw;fhf, jhk; mEgtpj;j g;ufhuj;ij xU g;uge;jkhf ntspapl;lhh;. ,g;gpuge;jNk =f;U\;zfh;Uzhk;Ujk; vd;W miof;fg;l;lJ. ]h;Nt];tuidAk; mtdJ Nr\;bjq;fisAk; jtpu Ntwwpahj ]{fk`h;\piag;NghNy ,tUk; f;U\;zizAk; mtDila ghy yPiyfisAk; my;yJ NkNy xd;Wk; mwpahjtuha; ,Ue;jhh;;;. Mifahy;

,tiu mg;NghJs;s nghpNahh;fs; yPyh]{fh; vd;W cyfpy; cs;Nshh; toq;fl;Lk; vd;W Gfo;e;J $wpdhh;fs;. ,tUf;F md;W Kjy; yPyh]{fh; vd;W ngah; Vw;gl;lJ. =f;U\;zfhzhk;Ujk; - 83Mk; ];Nyhfk; - yPyh]{fh; mUspaJ f;U\;zheNkjj; GeUf;j N]hg K\;Nzjuhk; N]hUjak; KNfeNjh j;U\zhk;Guh]pk; j;tpFzfNuhjp f;U\;zh ;̀tak; fpQ;re[Ptpjk; Nk

jhj;gh;ak;

vdf;F me;juhjj;khthd ,e;j =f;U\;zd; Nyhfj;jpYs;s jhgq;fisAk; ,UisAk; jd;Kfnthspapdhy; Nghf;fp cyfj;jhh; ,dp re;j;udhy; VJk; fhh;akpy;iy vd;W nrhy;Yk;gb re;j;uiz tPdhf;fp mtidf; nfhz;L mk;Kf xspia vdf;Ff; fhl;b vd;dhiriag; ngUf;fr; nra;jhd; vd;fpwhh; ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpy;. cj;jth; Nfhgpkhh;fSila f;U\;z gf;jpia fz;L tpae;J ghba xU ];Nyhfk; M]hkN`h ruzNuZ[{\hk`k; ];ahk; g;Ue;jhtNe fpkgp Fy;kynjs\jPehk; ahJ];j;a[k; ];t[ekhh;a gjQ;r `pj;th Ng[{h; KFe;j gjtPk; ];Ujpgph; tpk;Uf;ahk;

ve;j Nfhgpkhh;fs; tplKbahj jq;fs; cwtpdh;fisAk; nghpaNahh;fs; Nghd topiaAk; tpl;L Ntjq;fs; Njb vd;Wk; fhzkhl;lhr; nry;tdhd f;U\;zidg; g;Ue;jhtdj;jpNy gpd;njhlh;e;jdNuh me;j Nfhgpkh;fspd; ghj J}spfs; glg;ngw;w rpWnrbfs; nfhbfs; %ypifr; nrbfs; ,tw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;whf ehd; Mff;flNtd; vd;gJ ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpd; nghUs;.

[{fhrhh;ah; mUspAs;s =kj;ghftj;jpypUe;J xU ];Nyhfk;

gj;A:g;u[hehik];th;ak; g]{ehk; th e fhkNa m`k; fjk;NghG+ah]k; Fe;Njh th aKehjNl ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpd; tptuzk; g;u[hgjpahd gpukdpd; nry;tj;ijAk; g]{gjpahd rptdpd; nry;tj;ijAk; ehd; tpUk;gtpy;iy. fz;zgpuhd; jpUtbglg;ngw;w flk;gkuthfNth FUe;jkukhfNth gpwf;fg;ngWNtdhf Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; ]{fhrhh;ah; vk;ngUkhDila jpUtbglg;ngWfpw jhtug;gpwtpia Mirg;gLfpwhh;.

kq;fs ];Nyhfq;fs; ePshry epth]ha epj;aha gukhj;kNe ]{gj;uh g;uhz ehjha [fe;ehjha kq;fsk; g;Ue;jhuz;a epth]ha gyuhkhE[har Uf;kpzPg;uhz ehjha ghh;j;j ]{jha kq;fsk; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is jdpad;

]fyj;uhtplhk; eha ]hut;ahf;ahefhhpzk; / ];uhtNz Nuh`pzP [hjk; =fpU\;z FUkh];uNa // =kj;f;U\;z ]kh ;̀tha eNkh ahKe]{eNt / aj;flhir\f yr\;ahzhk; ]{yg: =ju]; ]jh // jdpad; tptuzk; vtUila flhr\j;jpw;F ,yf;fhdth;fSf;F =jud; vg;nghOJk; fpilj;jw;F vspaNdh mj;jifatuha; ahKehrhh;ahpd; gps;isaha; =f;U\;zh; vd;Dk; jpUehkj;ij cilatuhd nghpathr;rhd; gps;isf;F tzf;fk;.

nghpathr;rhd;gps;is %yth;, cw;rth;, Nrq;fD}h;

Gifg;gl cjtp - =kJ Rjdd;

,tUila mtjhug;ngUik nghpajpUnkhop 7Mk; gj;J 10Mk; jpUnkhop 10Mk; ghRuk; jpUf;fz;zkq;if

gjpfj;jpy; `fz;z! epd; jdf;Fk; Fwpg;ghfpy; fw;fyhhk; ftpapd;

nghUs;jhNd’ vd;fpw ghRuj;jpd;gb, jpUkq;ifaho;thh; ek;gps;isahfTk;, fz;zd; nghpathr;rhd; gps;isahfTk; mtuth;fs; jpUel;rj;jpuj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhf nghpNahh;fs; eph;tfpg;gh;. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ghRuk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. nghpajpUnkhop 7Mk; gj;J 10Mk; jpUnkhop 10Mk; ghRuk; fz;zkq;ifAs; fz;L nfhz;Nld; vd;W fhjyhy; fyfd;wp ciu nra;j tz;z xz;jkpo; xd;gNjhL xd;wpif ty;yuha; ciug;ghh; kjpak; jto; tpz;zpy; tpz;ztuha; kfpo;nta;Jth; nka;k;ik nrhy;ypd; ntz;rq;fk; xd;Nwe;jpa fz;z! epd;jdf;Fk; Fwpg;ghfpy; fw;fyhk; ftpapd; nghUs; jhNd.

nghpathr;rhd;gps;is %yth;, =uq;fk; jpUttjhu];jyk; - rq;fey;Yhh; (jpUnts;spaq;Fb mUfpy;)

jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - ahKdNj]pfh;; jpUj;jhahh; - ehr;rpahuk;kd; jpUehkq;fs; - nghpathr;rhd;gps;is, mgag;ujhuh[h;, =kj;f;U\;zh;

Mrhh;ah; - ek;gps;is; Fyk; - G+h;trpif; rp\;ah;fs; -

ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;is(jj;jGj;uu;), gufhyjh]h;, gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah;, =uq;fhrhh;ah;, thjpNf]hp mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; [Pah; ,th; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs; - jpUtha;nkhop t;ahf;ahdk; ,Ugj;J

ehyhapuk;, kw;w g;uge;jq;fSf;F t;ahf;ahdq;fs;, gue;j u`;a tptuzk;, khzpf;fkhiy, etuj;;dkhiy, ]fyg;ukhzjhj;gh;ak;, cgfhuuj;dk;, fj;aj;ua t;ahf;ahdk;, Mste;jhh; ];Njhj;u t;ahf;ahdk;, mgag;ujhd t;ahf;ahdk;, ruku`];ak;, mE]e;jhd u`;ak;, epfkdg;gb, ghRug;gb ,uhkhazk;. ,tw;Ws; gy fpue;jq;fs; ,g;nghOJ ekf;F fpilf;ftpy;iy.

ek;gps;is <L Nfh\;b

,e;j Nfh\;bapy; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is myq;fhpg;gijf; fhzyhk;

Gifg;gl cjtp: Nfhklk; = =ehj; ];thkp, fhQ;rpGuk;

,tiu Nghw;wpAiuf;Fk; cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 39, 43 & 46Mk; ghRuq;fs; gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg; - gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W.

ek;gps;is jk;Kila ey;yUshNytpapl* gpd;;nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ajdhy; * - ,d;gh tUgj;jp khwd;kiwg; nghUisr;nrhd;dJ* ,Ugj;Jehyhapuk;.

nghpathr;rhd;gps;is gpd;Gs;sitf;Fk; njhpa * tpahf;fpiafs; nra;thy; * - mhpa

mUspr;nraw;nghUis ahhpah;fl;fpg;NghJ * mUspr; nrayhaj;; jwpe;J. 39Mk; ghRuj;jpd; tpsf;fk; * jpUtha;nkhopf;F jpUf;FUifg;gpwhd; gps;shd;, eQ;[Pah;, nghpathr;rhd;

gps;is, tlf;Fj;jpUtPjp gps;is, thjpNfrhp [Pah; vd;fpw Ie;J Mrhh;ah;fs;

t;ahf;dq;fs; mUsp cs;sdh;. ,e;j Ia;tUk; `jpUtha;tha;nkhopia fhj;j Fzthsh;’ vd;W ,q;F $wpdJ nghUe;Jk;. tpahf;fpahdk; ,aw;WtJk;

xUtifahd ]k;ur\zk; Mjyhy;, `fhj;j’ vd;W $wpaJ xd;Wk; Fiwapy;iy. 43Mk; ghRuj;jpd; tpsf;fk; * Mrhh;ah;fs; tpahf;fpahd Ehy;fis vOjp aUs;tjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fSz;L. gpd;Gs;shUila c[;[Ptehh;j;jkhfr; rpyh; vOJth;fs;. ];thrhh;ah; cge;a]pj;jUSk; mh;j;jtpNr\q;fs; ngUf;FkhW Nghyd;wpf;Nf

`mjpNy Njq;fpd kLf;fs;NghNy tpsq;fNtZnkd;W’ rpyh; vOJth;fs;. ];thrhh;ah; VLgLj;Jk;gb epakpj;jUs mjdhNy rpyh; vOJth;fs;. jk; Gyikiaf; fhl;bitg;Nghnkd;W fUjpr; rpyh; vOJth;fs;. ,q;qNdAs;s gy tiffspy; nghpthr;rhd;gps;is tpahf;fpahd kpl;lUspdJ ];thrhh;auhd ek;gps;isapd; epakdj;jpdhy; vd;gJ ,g;ghRuj;jpdhy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

46Mk; ghRuj;jpd; tpsf;fk; * nghpathr;rhd; gps;is ehyhapuj;jpw;Fk; tpahf;fpahdk; ,l;lUspdth; Mjyhy; mtUila kN`h cgfhuj;ij ,g;ghl;by; tpae;J $Wfpwhh;. nghpathr;rhd; gps;is ehyhapuj;jpw;Fk; tpahf;fpahdk; mUspr;

nra;ahjpUe;jhy;, jpt;ag;uge;j jpt;ahh;j;jq;fisg; gpd;Gs;shh; mwpe;J g;utrdk; nra;aNt KbahJ. ,e;j Nguhrhhpah; gukf;Uig nra;jUspdjhy; jhd; gpd;Gs;shh;fs; Mrhh;a gPlj;jpy; mkh;e;J jpt;ag;uge;jg;nghUs;fis g;utrdk; nra;a nrsfhpakhapw;W. nghpathr;rhd; gps;is mUspa nghpaho;thh; jpUnkhopf;Fg; ngUk;ghYk; Yg;jkha;g; NghdhYk; vQ;rpa

jpt;ag;uge;jSf;F ,tUila tpahf;fpahdNk ruzkhapUg;gJ nfhz;L, ,q;qdk; mUspr; nra;jhh;.

*fhQ;rp P.B.A. ];thkp mUspAs;s cgNjr uj;jpdkhiy t;ahf;fpahdj; jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tUila ngUikfs;

,tUila rp\;ah; thjpNf]Hp mofpa kzths [Pah; mUspa `jj;t ep&gzk;’ vd;fpw f;ue;jj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy;,

mgag;uj ehkhek; m];kj; FUk; m`k; gN[ / aj;flhr\j; mak; [e;J: mGeh;[d;kjhk; fj: // vd;W mUspr;; nra;Js;shh;. ,tUila mUshy; tujd; vd;fpw rp\;ah; xd;Wk; mwpahj epiyapypUe;J

cah;T ngw;W Kryfpryak; vd;w Ehiy Kjypy; vOjp, gpd;dh; jpUtha;nkhopf;F gd;dPuhapug;gb t;ahf;ahdj;ij mUspr;nra;J thjpNfrhp [Pauhdhh;. nghpathr;rhd; gps;isapd; mUspr;nray; t;ahf;ahdq;fis Nfl;L

kfpo;e;j ek;ngUkhs;, `mgag;ujuh[h’ vd;W rpwg;G ngah; #l;bdhh;. ghRug;gb ,uhkhazk; ,th; ,aw;wpa Ehy;fspy; g;u]j;jp ngw;wJ. ,jdhy;

`,uhkhazg;ngUf;fh;’ vd;Wk; g;u]pj;jp ngw;whh;. ,th; mUspa `u`];aj;ua

]Q;fu`k’ ; vd;w Ehy; kpftk; mw;GjkhdJ.

,th; gy tpahf;fpahdq;fis vOjpajhy; `tpahf;ahd rf;uth;j;jp’ vd;W ngah; ngw;whh;. ,tUila ,Ugj;Jehyhapug;gb t;ahf;fj;jpd; ngUikia

cyNfhh; mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf, jd;Dila nrg;G newpahfpa tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg;gs;is mUspa Kg;gj;J Mwhapug;gb tpahf;fhdj;ij jw;Nghijf;F ntspaplf;$lhJ vd;W epwpj;jp itj;jhh; ek;gps;is. xuhd;

topahf te;j ,e;j Kg;gj;J Mwhapug;gb tpahf;fpahdj;ij, khKdpfs;; vy;NyhUk; mwpAk;gb ek;ngUkhs; Kd;Ng ntspapl;lhh;. = gps;isNyhfhh;a [Pah; mUspa ajPe;j;ug;utzg;ughtj;jpy; nghpathr;rhd; gps;isapd; tho;f;ifapy; epfo;e;j gy rk;gq;fis Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iw fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;. Mr;rhd; gps;is Nfh\;bapNy rpy =it\;zth;fs; vq;fSf;Fj;

jQ;rkhapUg;gnjhU thh;j;ijaUspr;nra;a NtZk; vd;d, mtUk;

fyq;FfpwtDk;, fyf;FfpwJk;, fyq;fpf;fplf;fpwth;fSk;, njsptpf;fpwtDk;, njspfpwtDk;, njspe;jpUg;gtDkhapNw ,Ug;gJ. ,jpy; fyq;Ffpwtd; - [Pthj;kh. fyf;FfpwJ - mrpj;J. fyq;fpf;fplf;fpwth;fs; - ]k;]hhpfs;. njsptpf;fpwhd; - Mrhhpad;. njspfpwhd; - Nrjdd;. njspe;jpUf;fpwhd; - <r;tud;.

MifahNy `Mrhh;NahgNjNre njspe;jtd;, fyq;Ffpw jd;idAk;, fyf;Ffpw g;uf;UjpiaAk;, fyq;fpf;fplf;fpw ]k;]hhpfisAk; jQ;rkd;nwd;W iftpl;L, njsptpf;fpw Mrhh;aidAk;, njspe;jpUf;Fk; <];tuidAk; gw;Wif fhz;

,t;thj;khTf;F ];t&gk;’ vd;wUspr; nra;jhh;.

xUehs; gps;isAila =ghjj;ij Mr;uapj;jpUe;e thjpNf]hp [Pah; (f;u`];juha; ,Ue;jNghJ) rh];j;u ghprPyid gz;Zfpwth;fisf;fz;L

gbf;fpwnjd;? vd;W Nfl;f mth;fSk; `,th;f;F mr\uhg;ah]kpy;iy’ vd;wwpe;J `K]yfp]yak; gbf;fpNwhk;’ vd;W ghp`]pj;njhU thh;j;ij

nrhy;y, ,tUk; mj;ijawpahNj `,g;gbnahd;Wz;Nlh’ vd;W jpifj;J mj;ij ];thrhh;auhd nghpthr;rhd; gps;isf;F tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;.

mtUk; ke;j];kpjk; nra;J, `mth;fs; ckf;F mr\uhg;ah]kpy;yhikahNy, fOf;fhzp Jsph;f;FNkh? ckf;fpj;ijf;nfhz;L fhhpankd;? vd;W

ghp`]j;Jtpl;lhh;fNs’ vd;wUspr;nra;a, ,tUkj;ijf; Nfl;L

y[;[htp\;luha; ryk; gpwe;J jpUtbfspNy tpOe;J `mbNaid

tpj;thdhFk;gb flhr\pj;jUsNtZk;’ vd;W g;uhh;j;jpf;f, mgag;ujuh[h; cre;J Kg;gj;jpuz;L jpUer\uj;jpNy mr\urpir\fSk; gz;Ztpj;J fht;aehl fhyq;fhu rg;jjh;f;fG+h;Nthj;jukPkhk;]hjp ]fy]h];j;u

tpj;jkuhk;gb rpr\pj;jUs, ,tUk; mth;flhr\j;jhNy

tpj;t[;[ehf;ufz;auha; `K]yfp]yak;’ vd;W xUfht;a kpl;L mth;fs;

ifapNy nfhLj;J tha;%bj;jiyapwf;fpl;L y[;[htp\;luhk;gb gz;zpaUsp, k`htpuf;jha; M];uk]; tPfhuk; nra;J, guthjpfis n[apj;J kpfTk; rh];j;uepGzuhapUf;ifahNy thjpNf]hp mofpakzths [Pah; vd;W

g;u]pj;juhd ,th;, G+h;th;fs; nra;jUspa jpUtha;nkhop t;ahf;ahdq;fis nay;yhk; jpUf;fz;rhj;jp mitfspNy ]hujkkhd mh;j;jtpNr\q;fis ]q;f;u`pj;J ]h;th;f;Fk; ]{f;u`khfTk; ]{t;af;jkhd =ghftjg;uf;hpiaaahNy gd;dPuhapuk; ciu nra;jUspdhh;. gpd;dh;

jPgg;ufhrk;, jj;tep&gzk; Kjyhd mNdf u`];a f;ue;jq;fisAk; mUspr; nra;J cgfhpj;jUspdhh;. nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ek;gpis;isia ]he;jPgepf;F j;U\;lhe;jkhff; fhl;bf; nfhz;lhLjy; Vio Vjyd; gjpfk; - nghpa jpUnkhop 5 Mk; gj;J 8Mk; jpUnkhop 7Mk; ghRuk; XJtha;ikAk; ctdpag; gpwg;Gk; cdf;F Kd; je;j me;jzd; xUtd; fhjy; vd; kfd; Gfyplk; fhNzd; fz;L eP jUtha; vdf;F vd;W Nfhjpy; tha;ikapdhd; cid Ntz;ba Fiw Kbj;J mtd; rpWtidf; nfhLj;jha; Mjyhy; te;J cd; mbapid mile;Njd; mzpnghopy; jpUtuq;fj;jk;khNd!

cdf;F Kd;je;j me;jzd; xUtd; vd;w nrhy; njhlh; f;U\;zdpd; Mrhh;adhd ]he;jPgepia xUtd; - mj;tpjPad; - xg;gpy;yhjtd; vd;W nfhz;lhbdhh;. mt;tplj;J t;ahf;ahej;jpy; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is gpd; tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. Kw;glj;taj;ijf; Nfl;L ,jp`h] Guhzq;fisAk; mjpfhpj;J gugr\-g;ujpNr\gj;Jf;Flyhf e;aha kPkhk;i]fisAk; mjpfhpj;J NghJ Nghf;Fk; mUspr; nraypNaahk;gb gps;isiag;NghNy mjpfhpg;gpf;f ty;ytidapNw xUj;jd; vd;gJ vd;W jk; Mrhh;auhd ek;gps;isia ]he;jPgepf;F j;U\;lhe;jkhff; fhl;b nfhz;lhbdhh; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is. ,q;Nf gps;is vd;gJ ek;gps;isiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. jpt;ag;uge;jq;fSf;Fk; ,jp`h] GuhzhjpfSf;Fk; Mo;e;J ,d;RitNa tbntLj;j mh;j;jq;fis aUspr;nra;tjpy; ek;gps;isf;F xj;jhUk; kpf;fhUkpy;iy. =f;U\;zDf;Ff; fy;tp fw;gpj;j ]he;jPgDf;F xg;ghf ek;gps;isia Fwpj;jJ ,q;F cw;W Nehf;fj;jf;fJ. ,g;gb Kiwahff; fy;tp gapd;W Mrhh;ahpd; (eQ;rPah;) mUisAk; G+h;zkhfg; ngw;W jhk; gapd;wijg; gyUk; mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw ngUk; fUid nfhz;l ek;gps;isapd; jpUthf;fpy; ehkfs; eh;j;jek; MLfpwhs; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. ,j;jifa ngUikfs; tha;e;j ek;gps;isia f;U\;zDila FUthfpa ]he;jPgDf;F xg;gpl;lJ $wpaJ rhyg; nghUj;jkhFk;.

thopj;jpUehkk;

jz;(d;)ik rpq;fk; Nuhfpzp ehs; jiof;f te;Njhd; thopNa * jhuzpapy; rq;fey;Yhh; jhDilNahd; thopNa * Gd;ik jtph; jpUtuq;fh; GfOiug;Nghd; thopNa * G+Jhh; vjpuhrh; jhs; GfOktd; thopNa * kd;Gfo; Nrh; rlNfhgh; tsKiug;Nghd; thopNa * kiw ehypd; nghUs; jd;idg; gFj;Jiuj;jhd; thopNa * md;Gld; cyfhhpah;jk; mbapizNahd; thopNa * mgag;ujuhrh; jhs; mdtujk; thopNa.

jPjW ek;gps;is gjk; nrd;dpitg;Nghd; thopNa * jpUkiyapy; khy;gjj;ijr; rpwe;J ngw;whd; thopNa * Mjutha;j; jdpr;Nyhfp mUspdhd; thopNa * Mo;thh;fs; nrhw;nghUis mwpe;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa * XJGfo;r; rq;fey;Yhh; cfe;J ngw;Whd; thopNa * cNuhfpzp ehs; Mtzpapy; cjpj;jgpuhd; thopNa * Vjkpnyz; %thapuk; ,ak;Gktd; thopNa * vopy; nghpathr;rhd;gps;is ,izabfs; thopNa *

ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;is (nghpathr;rhd;gps;is jj;jGj;uh;) jdpad; ];Uj;ah;j;j]hu[efk; ];k;Ujpghykj;uk; gj;Nkhy;y]j;gftjq;f;hpGuhzge;Jk; / [;Qhehjpuh[kgag;ujuh[Gj;uk;

m];kj;FUk; gukfhUzpfk; ekhkp // (Ntjq;fspd; ]huhh;j;jq;fis g;ujpghjpg;gtuha; ];k;UjpfSf;F ghykpj;uuha;

jhkiu Nghy; g;ufhrpf;Fk; gftr; ruzq;fSf;Fg; Guhjege;Jtha;, [;hdQ]hk;uh[;aj;jpd; muruha; mgag;ujuh[uhd nghpathr;rhd;gps;isapd; Fkhuuha;g; gukfhUzpfuha; m];kjhrhh;auhd ehadhuhr;rhd; gps;isia tzq;FfpNwd;) (,tUf;F rhpahd jpUer;rj;jpuj; jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy) jpUttjhu];jyk; - rq;fey;Yhh; Mrhh;ah; - nghpathr;rhd;gps;is Fyk; - G+h;t]pif jpUthuhjdk; - f;U\;ztpf;u`k; ,Ug;gplk; - Nfhapy;

rp\;ah;fs; - thjpNrhp mofpakzths [Pah;, =uq;fhrhh;ah;, gufhyjh]h; ,th; =uq;fhrhh;ahUf;F <L =gh\;ahjp f;ue;jq;fs; rhjpj;J mUspdhh;.

,th; nra;jUspd fpue;jq;fs; - [;Qhehh;ztk;, jj;tj;ua tptuzk;, mZj;t

GU\fhuj;t ]kh;j;jek;, Kf;j Nghfhtsp, ruNkhgha eph;;zak;.

,th; `]fytpj;ahghuq;fjh;’ vd;fpw tpUJ ngw;wth;. `=uq;fuh[ jPr\jh;’ vd;W ngsz;lhPf ahfk; nra;jjhy; g;u]pj;juhdhh;. =ngUk;G+jhh; xd;whd = vg;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp (mg;gd; jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkp)

jdpad;

(jpUehuazGuk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp jk; rp\;ah; vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpiag; gw;wp rhjpj;j jdpad;) =thJ}y ukhg;uths Urpu ];uf;i]e;aehjhk;r[

=Fh;tPe;j;u k`hh;ayg;j ep[]j; ]j;jkp r;hpjhgP\;ljk; / =uhkhE[ Kf;a Njrpf y]j; ifq;fh;a ]k;];jhgfk;

=kj; Ntq;flyr\;kzhh;a akpek; jk; ]j;Fzk; ghtNa // thopj;jpUehkk; rPh;ngUk; G+Jiur; nropg;gpj;Njhd; thopNa jpUg;ghit rPaUse; Njh;e;Jzh;e;Njhd; thopNa ghh;NkTk; gurkag; gw;wWj;Njhd; thopNa ghbaj;jp Dl;nghUisg; gfUktd; thopNa fhhpRjd; jkpo;kiwf;Ff; fUj;Jiuj;Njhd; thopNa fUizahybNaw; Ff;foyspj;Njhd; thopNa VuhUKdpjpyf nkdte;Njhd; thopNa vq;fnsk;ghh; rPah;jkepizabfs; thopNa.

= vg;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp itgr;RUf;fk; mtjhu];jyk; jpUf;NfhtY}h; mUfpYs;s fg;gpah%h; vd;Dk; fpuhkk; jpUehkk; - = fpU\;zd; (G+h;thr;ukj;jpy;) Mrhhpad; - Nrhsrpk;kGuk; rz;lkhUjk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp topj;Njhd;wyhd = c.Nt. Nfhapy; fe;jhil thJy uq;fhr;rhhpahh; ];thkp tho;e;j fhyk; - fp.gp. 1834 Kjy; fp.gp 1883 tiu xd;whd = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp (fp.gp 1834Mk; tUlk;) [a tUlk; Mtzp khjk; Nuh`pzp el;rj;jpuj;jpy; jpUf;NfhtYH; mUfpYs;s fg;gpah%h; vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. fpU\;zd; vd;w jpUehkk;G+z;L ehnshU NkdpAk; nghOnjhU tz;zKkhf tsh;e;J te;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; ,tUf;F tpthfk;

nra;a Kad;wijAk; ntWj;J, xU rkak; Nrhsrpk;kGuk; rz;lkhUjk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp topj;Njhd;wyhd = c.Nt. Nfhapy; fe;jhil thJy uq;fhr;rhhpahh; ];thkp jk; CUf;F vOe;jUspaNghJ mthplk; rkh];uazk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;. Mrhhah; epakdk; ngw;W M^h; vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpy; tho;e;j =c.Nt.g;u.g.

=uq;fhrhh;a ];thkpAld; rpyfhyk; ,Ue;j gpd;dh;, jpUehq;$Uf;F vOe;jUspdhh;. mq;F fdtpy; NridKjypahh; Mrhah;uha; Nrit rhjpj;J mth; epakdg;gb Nrhsrpq;fGuk; gazkhdhh;. topapy; =ngUk;G+Jhpy; 5

ehl;fs; NfhapypNyNa ahUk; mwpahky; jq;fp, cilathpd; jpUNkdp moif mDgtpj;J te;jhh;. Mwhk; ehs; =uhftgl;lh; ,tiu epj;jpa#hpfspy; xUth; vd;W mgpkhdpj;J cilatiu Vfe;jkhf Nrit nra;J itj;;jhh;.

md;W Mste;jhh; rhw;WKiw. mq;fpUe;J Nrhsrpq;fGuk; nrd;W Mrhhpaiuj; njhOJ mq;Fs;shh;f;F jj;t`pj GU\hh;j;jq;fis cgNjrpj;J te;jhh;. gpd;dh; cilatUk; khKdpfSk; jdpj;jdpNa ,th; fdtpy; Njhd;wpdhh;fs;. kWehs; cilath; jpUNkdp mDgtk; fhz =ngUk;G+J}Uf;F vOe;jUspdhh;. FUG\;aj;jpd; NghJ cilatUila jpUNkdpia Mr;rh;akhf Nrtpj;J fPof;;fhZk; ];Nyhfj;ij kdKUfpg; ghbdhh; : N` Nfhjhf;u[! N` f;Ugh[yepNj! N` =epjp =FNuh! N` NahfPr;tu! N` FUq;fefhP G+h;zhr;jhq;f;hpj;ta! N`! uhkhE[! N` [fj;uaFNuh! N` Gz;lhPfhr\ khk;! N` uhkg;uajhj ghya guk; [hehkp ej;thk; tpeh! ,tiu ghpksk; fpU\;zkhrhh;ah; vd;W miof;ff; fhuzk; vd;d ? gpd;dh; jpUNtq;flk; nrd;W kiyag;gidj; njhOJ mtd; fy;ahz Fzq;fspNy Mo;e;jpUe;jhh;. mg;NghJ Mrhh;auhd vk;ghh; fdtpy; Njhd;wp jkf;F Fspuhf ,Ug;gjhfTk; jf;fNjhh; rhy;itia thq;fpf;nfhz;L kJukq;fyk; tur;nrhd;dhh;. mjd;gbNa mg;NghJ jpUkiyapy; vOe;jUsp

,Ue;j tFshguz nghpa[Pahplk; tpz;zg;gk; nra;a, mtUk; jhKk; ,Nj fditf; fz;ljhfr; nrhd;dhh;. gpd;dh; nghpa[PahplkpUe;J jpUNtq;fltDila cLj;Jfise;j gPjftz;zthilia thq;fpf;nfhz;L kJukq;fyk; nrd;W Nrh;e;jhh;. mq;Nf rpyfhyk; vk;ghh; re;epjpapy; jpUthuhjd jPh;j;jj;jpy; ghpksk; Nrh;j;J epj;a ifq;fh;aq;fis nra;J te;Jhh;. ,ijg;gw;wpNa ,th; ghpksk; fpU\;zkhrhh;ah; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;. ,tUf;F vk;ghh; [Pah; vd;Dk; jpUehkk; Vw;gLjy; vk;ghh; re;epjpapy; jpUthuhjd ifq;ah;ak; ,ilawhJ eilngw xU [Paiu

vOe;jUsg;gz;z epidj;J xUtUk; fpilf;fikahy;, jhNk

jpUNtq;flj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W tFshguz nghpa [Pauplk; tpz;zg;gpf;f, mtUk;

jd; fdtpy; jpUNtq;fltd; epakpj;jijr;nrhy;yp, jpUNtq;fltd; epakdg;gb ,tUf;F ]e;ahr Mr;ukj;Jf;Fhpa fh\hak; Kjyhdtw;iwf; nfhLj;J jpUNtq;fl uhkhE[ [Pah; vd;w jpUehkj;ijr; rhj;jpdhh;. mg;nghOJ Kjy; ,tNu vk;ghh; [Pah; vd;W gpurpj;jp ngw;whh;. gpd;dh; jpUehuhazGuk; nrd;whh;. mq;F vOe;jUsp ,Ue;j jpUehuhazGuk; = c.Nt Nfhapy; fe;jhil njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp re;epjpapy; =gh\;a

gftj; tp\a u`];aq;fisf; fhyNr\gkhff;Nfl;lhh;. gpd;dh; jpUtuq;fk; vOe;jUsp jpUtuq;fid mbnjhOjhh;. mq;fpUe;J kJukq;fyk; epj;a thrkhff; nfhz;L ,Ue;jNghJ jpUehq;$h; nrd;W jpUkq;ifaho;thiur;

Nrtpj;jhh;. jpUtuq;fk; nrd;W muq;fidj; njho epidj;j md;W ,uT, jpUehuhazGuk; njhl;lhrhh;ah; ];thkp ,tuJ fdtpy; Mo;thiur;

Nrtpj;jij tprhhpj;J, gpd;dh; vy;yh Mrhh;afSk; mtatq;fsha; ,uhkhErh; mtatpaha; ,Uf;Fk; 7 r;Nyhfq;fis cgNjrpj;jhh;. me;j 7 r;Nyhfq;fis fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;. 1) k];jfk; =rlhuhjpk; ehjhf;ak; Kfkz;lyk; / Nej;uAf;kk; ]Nuh[hr\; fNghnys uhftk; jjh // 2) tr\]; ];jyk; ahKehf;ak; fz;lk; =G+h;zNjrpfk; / gh`{j;tak; Nfh\;bG+h;zk; iryG+h;zk; ];jej;tak; // 3) Fr\pk; J tu uq;fhh;ak; g;U\;lk; khyhjuk; jjh / fbk; fhQ;rPKepk; [;NQak; Nfhtpe;jhh;ak; epjk;gfk; // 4) gl;l Ntjhe;jpnes [q;Nf CUAf;kk; kjhj;k[k; / f;U\;zk; [hEAfk; irt Nyhfk; =ghjgq;f[k; // 5) Nufhk; =iry ehjhf;ahk; ghJfhk; tuNahfpek; / Gz;uk; N]ehgjpk; g;Nuhf;jk; ]{j;uk; $ugjpk; jjh // 6) ghfpNeak; j;hpjz;lQ;r fh\haQ;rhe;j;u G+h;zfk; / khyhQ;r RgFNfrhh;ak; rhahk; =rhg fpq;fuk; // 7) Vtk; uhkhE[hh;a];a];ahtathefpyhe; F&e; / mtatpek; k`hj;khek; uhkhE[Kepk; gN[ // ,g;gb vy;yh Mrhh;ah;fSk; mtatq;fSkha; jhd; mtatpaha; khwd; mbgzpe;jtuha; ,Uf;Fk; =ngUk;G+J}h; ,uhkhErd; jpUtbfisNa jQ;rkhfg; gw;wp mq;Nf epj;a thrkkhf ,Uf;Fk;gb epakpj;jhh;. vk;ghh; [PaUk; mth; epakdg;gbNa =ngUk;G+J}h; nrd;W epj;athrk; nra;J te;jhh;. vk;ghh; [Pah; klk; Vw;gLjy; xU ehs; fhl;L kd;dhh; Nfhapypy; ,Ue;J =ehjKdp Nr\hj;jphp ma;aq;fhh; vd;w cgaNtjhe;j tpj;thd; [PaUila ];t&g&g itgq;fisf;fhz

=ngUk;G+Jh; te;J =ke;jhjKdpfisAk; kwe;J, [Pah; ];thkpAld; tho;e;J te;jhh;. ,e;j [Pah; ];thkpf;F cilath; re;epjpf;Fj; njw;Nf cs;s

khltPjpapy; xUklj;ijf; fl;bf; nfhLj;jhh;. ,JNt ,g;nghOJ vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; [Pah; ];thkp cs;s klk;. ,e;j [Pah; ];thkp nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fs; ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhUf;F jpUkQ;rd fl;bak;, tre;j cj;]t kz;lgk;, ee;jtdk;, teNgh[ cw;rtk; Kjyhd gy msg;ghpa ifq;fh;aq;fisr; nra;jhh;. ,th; mUspAs;s f;ue;jq;fs; Guhz khh;f;f jPgpif Kjyhd gy E}y;fis vOjpAs;shh;. Fwpg;ghf kzthskhKdpfs; mUspa =treG+\z t;ahf;ahdj;Jf;F mUikahd mUk;gj tpsf;fk; vOjpAs;shh;. ek; ey; tpidg;gadhy; 217 #j;uq;fSf;F kl;LNk ,th; vOjpAs;s tpsf;fk; fpilj;Js;sJ. gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah; jpUTs;sj;ijg; gpd;nrd;W fl;bg;nghd;NghNy cs;s #j;uq;fSf;F gzpg;nghd;NghNy t;ahf;ahdk; mUspa khKdpfspd; jpUTs;sj;jpy; fw;Nwhh;fs; jhk; cfg;gh; vd;gjw;Fr;Nru nghd;dhyhd gy mguzq;fs;

NghNy, ,e;j [PaUf;F 100 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G tho;e;j jpUkopir =

mz;zh mg;gq;fhh; ];thkp mUk;gj tpsf;fKk; , xd;whd vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp mUk;gj tpsf;fKk; mike;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. =ngUk;G+Jhpy; vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fs; 1) jpUkz; fhg;G tp\akha; ]pj;jhe;jk; 2) ngUkhs; new;wpapy; jpUkz; fhg;G tprhuk; 3) nrj;jjpd; tapw;wpy; rpW Fl;b thf;ahh;j;j tprhuk; 4) md;W ruhruq;fis itFe;jj;Njw;wpaJ gw;wpa tprhuk; 5) ngUkhs; ,q;ftjhpj;j fhyj;jpy; gukgjj;jpy; ngUkhs; ,y;iyah vd;w tprhuk; 6) cilath; jpUkQ;rdf; fl;bak;mUspaJ 7) =treG+\zq;fSf;F =gh\;q;fSf;F Iffz;l;ak; 8) Guhzkhh;f;f jPgpif mUspr;nra;jJ. 9) ehuhaz guj;tk; jpUr;rpj;u$lj;jpy; (rpjk;guj;jpNy) g;uj;ar\]pj;jk; vd;wJ.

10) fh;g;g ]khr;uaz tprhuk; 11) gps;isfs; tpisahl;Lg; ngUkhis [Pah; jz;ldpl;lJ 12) Mrhh;a mgpkhdNk jQ;rk; vd;gJ gw;wp tprhuk; 13) nrd;idapy; iguhfp klk; =epth]d; re;epjpapy; jq;fpaJ 14) =ngUk;G+J}h; tre;Njh];jt kz;lg ifq;fh;ak; 15) nrd;idapy; ]j;a]kh[k; vd;w rigia epWtpaJ 16) =ngUk;G+J}hpy; Nfhjhtpyh]k; vd;w ee;jtek; mikj;jJ 17) =ngUk;G+J}hpy; teNgh[e cj;]tk; elj;jpitj;jJ.

vk;ghh; ];thkp jpUehl;Lf;F vOe;jUs jpdk; - ij khjk; f;U\;z rJh;jrp (j;uNahjrp ?) fp.gp. 1883Mk; tUlk;. NkNy nfhLj;Js;s tp\q;fs; = c.Nt. NtSf;Fb tujhrhh;a ];thkp vOjpAs;s vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp itgtk; vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; Gj;J}h; ];thkp gjpgpj;J cs;s = trzG+\z mUk;gj tpsf;fk; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; njhFj;jth; = c.Nt khlG+rp tujuh[d; ];thkp. ,e;j itgtj;ij nfhLj;Jjtpa = c.Nt khlG+rp tujuh[d; ];thkpf;F mbNaDila ed;wp. =vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpapd; jd;Ndw;wk; njd;duq;fd; nry;tk; Kw;Wk; jpUj;jp itj;j (jpUtuq;fk; nghpa Nfhapiyj; jpUj;jpg; gzpnfhz;l) vk;ngUkhidug;NghNy ,tUk; ]{g;u]pj;juha;

=ngUk;GJ}hpy; vOe;jUspapUe;J vk;ngUkhdhh; re;epjpiaj; jpUj;jpg; gzpnfhz;lhh;. ,th; Nrhs]pk;̀ Guk; Nfhapy; fe;jhil rz;lkhUjk; njhl;ilarhh;ahh; (k`hrhh;ah;) topj;Njhd;wyhd =c.Nt Nfhapy; fe;jhil thJ}y uq;fhrh;a ];thkpia Mr;uapj;jth;. ,th; uhkhE[ m\;lgjp (fz;zgpuhd; tp\akhf [aNjth; vd;w k`hj;kh

mUspa m\;lgjpiag; Nghd;wnjhU f;ue;jk; ,J), =uhkhE[ ]{g;ughjk;, ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUkQ;rd fl;bak;, epj;atpG+jp/ yPyhtpG+jp

kq;fshrh]eq;fs;, ifg;gyifapy; ];thkp vOe;jUSk; rpy tpNr\

cj;]tq;fspy; Nrtpf;fg;Lk; vr;rhpif, rpj;Njhgha]{jhprek;, ]j;jhpre]{jhprdk;, Jj;jhprdfhprdk; tpg;ujpgj;jpepu]dk; ,d;Dk; gy f;ue;jq;fs; ,th; mUspr;nra;jitfs;.

vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp jpUtha; kyh;e;jUspa = uhkhE[h\;lgjpapd; Kjy; ];Nyhfk;

=ke; yr\;kzNahfPe;j;u ]{g;ughjhj;a Nj eprh / cj;jp\;Nlhj;jp\;l gj;ue;Nj [pje;Nj tp[aP gt // th;j;jkhd = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp jpUty;ypf;Nfzp jpUtPjp Nfh\;bapy; myq;fhpg;gijf; fPNo cs;s Gifg;glj;jpy; fhzyhk;.

= vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkpapd; kq;fsk; ];Nyhfk;

=ke;k`hh;a fUzhyg;j tp[;Qhd ]k;gNj / =iry y\;kzhrhh;aKeNa epj;Na kq;fsk; //

=fz;zd;, nghpatr;rhd; gps;is, ehadhuhr;rhd;gps;;is, = vk;ghh; [Pah; ];thkp jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; - tU\ jpUer;rj;jpuk; - Mtzp - kpUfrPhp\k;

jdpad; ]pk;N` k;Uf]pNuhj;G+jk; uhkhE[ gjh];hpjk; // j;uhtplhk; Qhajj;t[;Qk; FUfhjpg kh];uNa / (jdpadpd; tpsf;fk; - Mtzpapy; kpUfrPh;\er\j;jpuj;jpy; cjpj;jtUk;, =uhkhD[Uila jpUtbfis M];uapj;jtUk;, jkpo; Ntjj;jpd; cz;ikg; nghUis mwpe;jtUkhd jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shid M];uapf;fpNwd;) j;uhtplhfk]hu[;Qk; uhkhE[gjh];hpjk; / [{jpak; FUNf]hh;ak; ekhkp]pu]hse;t`k; // (jdpadpd; tpsf;fk; - jpuhtplNtjj;jpd; ]huj;ij mwpe;jtuha; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; jpUtbfis M];uapj;j tuha; Nguwpthsuhd jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shid jpde;NjhWk; jiyahy; tzq;FfpNwd;).

,th; nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpapd; %d;whtJ jpUf;Fkhuh;. nghpa jpUkiy ek;gp ,tiu vk;ngUkhdhUf;F mgpkhd Gj;jpuuhf nfhLj;jhh;. ,tUila rp\;ah; - vq;fsho;thd; ,th; vk;ngUkhdhhpd; Ntz;L Nfhspd;gb jpUtha;nkhopf;F Mwhapug;gb t;ahf;ahdk; nra;Js;shh;. ,th; njspTkpf;f Qhdk; cilatuhf ,Ue;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; ,tUf;F jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; vd;w jpUehkk; ,l;lhh;.

vk;ngUkhdhh; Vw;gLj;jpa 74 rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy; ,tUk; xUth; Mthh;.

cgNjruj;jpdkhiy – 39,40,41 ghRuk; - ,th; ngUikia tpsf;FfpwJ gps;shd; eQ;rPah; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is njs;shh; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is kzthsNahfp jpUtha;nkhopiaf; fhj;j Fzthsh; vd;W neQ;Nr! $W. Ke;JwNt gps;shd;. KjyhNdhh; nra;jUSk;. me;j tpahf;fpiafsd;whfpy;. - me;Njh jpUtha;nkhopg; nghUisj; Njh;e;Jiuf;fty;y FUthh;. ,f;fhyk; nrQ;Nr! $W.

njs;shUk; Qhdj; jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd;. vjpuhrh;NguUshy; - cs;shUk; md;GlNd khwd; kiwg;nghUisad;Wiuj;jJ ,d;gkpF khwhapwk;. vk;ngUkhdhUila guk fpUigahy; njspTkpf;f Qhdj;ij cilatuhd jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; vd;fpw Mrhhpah; jpUtha;nkhopf;F u]k;kpFe;j Mwhapug;gb vd;fpw tpahf;fpahdj;ij mUspr;nra;Js;shh;.

jpUehkq;fs; - FUNf]h;, FUfhjp ehjh;, jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; ,th; mUspa f;ue;jk; - jpUtha;nkhopf;F Mwhapug;gb tpahf;ahdk; ,th; vk;ngUkhdhUf;F mgpkhd Gj;jpuh;. jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; vd;W ngah; tuf;fhuzk;

nghpa jpUkiy ek;gpf;F gps;isjpUkiy ek;gp, uhkhD[d;, gps;shd; vd %d;W Fkhuhh;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUkiy ek;gpaplk; Nfhtpe;jiu

(vk;ghiu) ahrpj;Jg; ngw;wNghJ, jpUkiy ek;gp jk; Fkhuuhd gps;shid mgpkhd Gj;jpuuhf itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;gb ajpuh[hplk; mspj;jhh;. vk;ngUkhdhUk; gps;shdplk; Ngugpkhdk; nfhz;ltuha;j; jkf;F mtiu [;QheGj;jpuuhff; nfhz;L mtiuj; jpUtha;nkhopf;F Mwhapug;gb t;ahf;ahdk; nra;Ak;gb epakpj;jhh;. ek;kho;thUf;Fk; jkJ Mrhh;auhd jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gpf;Fk; jpUehkkhd jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; vd;Dk; jpUehkj;ij gps;shDf;F rhw;wp jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; vd;W mtiu mioj;jhh;. ,jd; %yk; Mste;jhhpd; %d;whtJ kNdhhujj;ij epiwNtw;wpdhh; vk;ngUkhdhh;. Kjd; Kjypy; jpUtha;nkhopf;F ,th; mUspa Mwhapug;gb t;ahf;fpahdNk kw;w jpUtha;nkhop t;ahf;fpahdq;fSf;F vy;yhk; topfhl;baha; mike;;jJ. gps;shd; mUspa ,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhhjp jdpad; vd; gpwtp jPu tpiwQ;rpNd dpd;dKjh. md;Ng jfsp aspj;jhid. - ed;Gfo;Nrh; rPjj;jhh; Kj;Jf;fs; NrUk;. fly;ky;iyg; G+jj;jhh; nghd;dq; foy;.

fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;s Mrhh;a itgtkQ;[hpapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. Mwhapug;gb mtjhpj;jy; - ruNkhgha eph;zak; vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ (,e;j epfo;r;rp fhQ;rPGuj;jpy; ele;jJ) cilath; jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shDf;Fj; jpUtha;nkhop g;u]hjpf;fpwNghJ nghypf nghypf nghypf (jpUtha;nkhop 5Mk; gj;J 2Mk; jpUtha;nkhop Kjy; ghRuk;) vd;w ghRuk; te;jthNw gps;shd; kpf;f kfpo;r;rpNahNl

vOe;jUspapUf;f, cilatUk; mijf; fz;L `,njd;d NtWghL Njhw;wpapuh epd;wPh;’ vd;W Nfl;lUs, `Mo;thh; NjthPUila jpUttjhuj;ijf;

flhr\j;jUsp fypAk; nfLk; fz;L nfhz;kpd;’ vd;W nrhd;dhh;. mg;gbNa NjthPUk; cUf;fs;NjhWk; ehNk ,Jf;F tp\ankd;W

njhl;Lf;fhl;baUspw;W. mj;ijnay;yhk; ,g;NghJ epidj;J ghh;j;J, `Mo;thh; mUspr;nra;jgbNa ]h;Nthj;jhufuha; ehllq;f thOk;;gb jpUttjhpj;j

NjthPhplj;jpNy ]k;ge;jKk; ngw;W, NjthPh; jpUg;gtsj;jhNy

jpUtha;nkhopf;Fg; nghUs; Nfl;Fk;gbf;F xU ]{f;Ujk; Neh;gLtNj! vd;W tp];kag;gl;bUe;Njd;’ vd;whh;. cilatUk; ,J Nfl;L kpfTk; cfe;jUsp, md;W uhj;hpfhyj;jpNy gps;isid mioj;jUsp, mth; jpUf;ifiag; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L NguUshsh; ]d;dpjpapNy mioj;Jf;nfhz;L vOe;jUspj;

jk;Kila jpUtbfspuz;ilAk; mth; KbapNy itj;jUsp, `,j;ijNa jQ;rkhfg;gw;wp tp];t]pj;jpUk;. ck;ik mile;jhh;f;Fk; ,j;ijNa fhl;bf;

nfhLk;’ vd;wUspr;nra;J, `ehis NguUshsh; ]d;djpapNy njhlq;fp

jpUtha;nkhopf;F, =tp\;Z Guhz ]q;f;iaapNy Mwhapuk; f;ue;jkhf

t;ahf;ahdk; gz;Zk;’ vd;W epakpj;jUspdhh;. ,j;jhy; jk;Kila cj;jhufj;tj;ij ntspapl;lhh;. gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; mUspAs;s thh;j;jhkhiy - 136K thh;j;ijAk; tptuzKk; vYkpr;rk;gok; nfhLj;J uh[;ak; ngWthiug;NghNy vd;W gzpg;gh; jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd;. tptuzk; - cjhudhd rf;uth;j;jpiag;ghh;f;fr; nry;Yk; NghJ ntWq;ifNahL nry;yyhfhJ vd;W mtd; Nkhe;J ghh;g;gjw;fhf xh; vYkpr;rk;goj;ij vLj;Jr; nrd;W nfhLj;J mtDila

tz;ikahNy uh[;aj;ijg; ghprhfg; ngWtijg;NghNy, j;taj;ij cr;rhpj;J, guk GU\hh;j;jyr\z Nkhr\j;ijg; ngWtJ t;ah[nkd;Wk;

nrhy;yj;jfhjjha; ,Ug;gJ’ vd;W jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; mUspr; nra;th;.

gpd;gofpa ngUkhs; [Pah; mUspAs;s thh;j;jhkhiy - 336 thh;j;ijAk; tptuzKk; %d;W t];JtpNy gftj;t];J tsUnkd;W gps;shd; gzpg;gh;.

tptuzk; - jpUtee;jho;thd; kbapYk;, nghpajpUtb jpUKJfpYk;, NridKjypahh; jpUg;gpuk;gpd; fPOk;.

ehr;rpkhNuhNl vk;ngUkhd; yPiy nfhz;lhl epw;f, yPiyahNy [fe;eph;t`zj;ij kwf;fpwhNdh vd;W epakpf;iff;fhf NridKjypahh;

vOe;jUspdthNw, `,e;jhZk; Iah; te;jhh;’ vd;W eha;r;rpkhh; cs;Ns Gf;fUStuhk;. vk;ngUkhd; epj;jpa]{hpfNshNl ghpkhWk; NghJ jd;id ];thkpahfTk; epj;jpa]{hpfisj;jd; mbikfshfTk; epidj;Jg; ghpkhWtjpy;iy. jd;id

Xh; ,sturidg; NghyTk; epj;jpa]{hpfis - jd;id kbapYk;, KJfpYk;

Rke;J tsh;f;Fk; jha;khh;fisg; NghyTk;, jd;id epakpj;J uh[;afhh;aq;fspy; Gj;jpkjp nrhy;yp elj;jpr;nry;Yk; %jwpQh;fshd ke;jphpfisg;NghyTk; epidj;Nj ghpkhWthd; vk;ngUkhd;. ,ijNa nghpaho;thh; thdpstuR itFe;jf;Fl;ld; (nghpaho;thh; jpUnkhop 3Mk; gj;J 6Mk; jpUnkhkp 3Mk; ghRuk;) vd;W mUspdhh;.

,e;j epj;a]{hpfSk; vk;ngUkhDila jpUTs;skwpe;J, ,sturid

kbapYk;, KJfpYk; Rke;J tsh;f;Fk; jha;khh;fisg;NghyTk; mtid epakpf;Fk; %jwpQuhd ke;jphpfisg; NghyTk; ele;J nfhs;thh;fs;. Xh; ,sturidg; Nghj;jpf; nfhz;lhb epakpj;J tsh;f;Fk; jha;khh;fisg; NghNy vk;ngUkhidj; jpUtde;jho;thd; jk; kbapNy itj;Jr; rPuhl;b tsh;g;ghh;. nghpa jpUtbahd fUld; Foe;ijis KJfpy; Rke;J nry;tJ NghNy vk;ngUkhid KJfpy; Rke;J nrd;W nfhz;lhb tsh;g;ghh;. N]idKjypahh; gpuk;Gk; ifAkhf epd;W cghj;jpahah; gps;isfisg;NghNy epakpj;J tsh;g;ghh; - vd;W gps;shd; mUspr; nra;thh;. vk;ngUkhd; ehr;rpkhNuhNl tpisahb yPyh u]q;fis mDgtpf;Fk; NghJ

yPyhahNy [fe;eph;th`j;ij kWe;Jtplg; NghfpwhNdh vd;W vz;zp, mtid

epidTWj;J tjw;fhf NridKjtpahh; mt;tplj;jpw;F te;jTld;, `,Njh ghUq;fhZk; nghpath; te;jpUf;fpwhh’ ; vd;W mUspr; nra;J ehr;rpkhh;fs; khkdhiuf; fz;l kzhl;L ngz;fisg; NghNy mlq;fp xLq;fp cs;Ns GFe;jUSthh;fs;.

u`];aj;ua]huk; - ruk];Nyhfhjpfhuk; jd;dhy; tUk; ed;ik tpiyg;ghy; NghNy. mtdhy; tUk; ed;ik Kiyg;ghy;NghNy - vd;W gps;shd; gzpg;gh;. jd;dhy; tUk; ed;ikahtJ - ];taj;ej;jhNy (jd; Kaw;rpahy;) jhd; jdf;Fz;lhf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; ei;ik.(tpiyg;ghy; NghNy vd;wJ

xsghjpfKkha;, tpu]Kkha;, mg;uhg;jKkha; ,Uf;Fk;). mtdhy; tUk;

ed;ik – epUghjpf ];thkpahd mtNd ,tDf;fpJ NtZk; vd;Wz;lhf;Fk;

ed;ik. (Kiyg;ghy;NghNy vd;wJ epUghjpfKkha;, ]u]Kkha;, g;uhg;jKkhapUf;Fk;). gps;shDk; vq;fsho;thDk; jpUnts;siuapy; mtjhpj;jtuhd =tp\;Zrpj;jh; vk;ngUkhdhiu

M];uapj;J, $uj;jo;thd; fhyj;jpw;F gpwF =gh\;ahjpfis vOJtjpy;

mtUf;F crhj;JidahfapUe;J `vq;fhso;thd;’ vd;W vk;ngUkhdhuhy; mgpkhdpf;fg;ngw;whh;. vk;ngUkhdhh; ,tiu vOgj;J ehY ]pk;̀ h]ehjpgjpfspy; xUtuhf epakpj;jhh;. ,th; vk;ngUkhdhh;

fhyj;jpw;Fg;gpd; gps;shid M];uapj;jpUe;J, mthplk; jpt;ag;uge;jq;fSf;F mh;j;jk; Nfl;lhh;. tLfek;gp mUspa =ajpuh[ itgtk; - gps;shid gw;wp nrhd;d tp\ak; gps;shd; [;QheGj;uh; Mjy; xU rkak; jkJ klj;jpDs; ,Ue;J nfhz;L jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy; xU ghRuj;jpw;Fg; nghUisg;gw;wp Muha;e;J nfhz;L ,Ue;j ajpuh[iuf;fz;L jpUkiy ek;gpapd; Fkhuh; gps;shd; ePh; Muha;e;J KbTfl;ba nghUs; ,Jtd;Nwh vd;W ciuj;jhh;. jhk; KbTfl;ba nghUSk; gps;shd; $wpa nghUSk; xd;whf ,Ug;gijf;fz;l vjpuh[Uk; kpfTk; M];rh;ak; mile;J ehjKdpfspd; [;Qhd tk;rj;jpy; cjpj;j ngUikahy; ,th; ,g;nghUis mwpe;jhh; vd;W vz;zp vdJ [;Qhe Gj;uNu vd;W gps;shid mizj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. Mwhapug;gb mUsy; Ajpuh[uhd uhkhE[hrhh;aUf;F [;QheGj;jpuh; vd;Wk; mtUila ghJifnad;Wk; Gfog;ngw;wtuhd jpUFUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; ek;kho;thUila filrpg; gpuge;jkhd jpUtha;nkhopf;F Mwhapug;gb t;ahf;ahdk; mUspr;nra;jhh;. jpUf;FUifg;gpuhd; gps;shd; jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

=:

=kNj uhkhD[ha =kj; tuj FuNt ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; nry;tek;gp - tU\ jpUer;rj;jpuk; -

Mtzp - G+rk; (,tUf;F rhpahd tU\jpUer;rj;jpuj;jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy) thopj;jpUehkk;

md;dtay; Nfhl;b efh;f;fjpgjpNahd; thopNa * MtzpNrh; G+rj;jpy; mtj;jhpj;jhd; thopNa * tz;zkyuhs; Nfhdha; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa * kiwath;Nfhd; gl;lh;gpuhd; tho;j;Jktd; thopNa * gd;;Dgy ew;fiyfs; gapYktd; thopNa * gz;;GlNd Nfhl;bek;gp gzpAktd; thopNa * njd;dtDf;fhhpadha;j; Njh;e;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa * nry;t ek;gp jpUtbfs; rfjyj;jpy; thopNa.

,tUila mtjhu];jyk; - ngUq;fUid fpuhkk;, ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk; ,th; ty;ygNjtd; ghz;ba murh; rigapy; GNuh`pjuhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,th; epiwa jjpahujid ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;jjhf G+h;th;fs; nrhy;Ythh;fs;. ,th; ngUikia =nghpaho;;thh; jk;Kila g;uge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shh;.

jpUg;ghy;yhz;L – ghRuk; 11

my;tof;nfhd;Wkpy;yh mzpNfhl;bah;Nfhd; * mgpkhdJq;fd;

nry;tidg;Nghyj; jpUkhNy ehDk;cdf;Fg; gotbNad; * ey;tifahy; eNkhehuhazhntd;W ehkk;gygutp * gy;tifahYk; gtpj;jpuNd! cd;idg;gy;yhz;L $WtNd. ,e;j ghRuj;jpd; tpsf;fk; r;hpag;gjpNa ! mePjpfs; xd;Wkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fpw mofpa jpUf;Nfhl;bA+hpy; cs;sth;fSf;Fj; jiytUk; =it\;z mgpkhdj;jhy; rpwe;jtUkhd nry;tek;gpiag; NghyNt ehDk; NjthPUf;Fg; giokahd jh]dha; tpl;Nld;. vy;yhtpjq;fshYk; ghpRj;jhdhd ngUkhNs ! mbNaDf;F ed;ikAz;lhFk;gb jpUke;jpuj;ij mE]e;jpj;J NjthPUila mNdf jpUehkq;fisr; nrhy;yp Vj;jp NjthPUf;F kq;fshrh]ek; gz;ZNtd;.

,th; ty;ygNjtd; ghz;ba murh; rigapy; =nghpaho;;thUf;F

`=ke;ehuhazNd guk;nghUs;̀ vd;W eph;zak; nra;tjw;F cjtpahf ,Ue;jhh;. nry;tek;gpAk; nghpaho;thUk; ghz;ba Fyjpyfdhd =ty;ygNjtd; vd;Dk; murd; vspNahiu typNahh; thl;lhjgb $ly; vd;Dk; kJiu khefiuj; jiyefuhf; nfhz;L ghz;ba ehl;il Mz;L te;jhd;. xU ehs; ,uT efuNrhjid nra;J tUk;NghJ xU tPl;Lj; jpd;idapy; cwq;Fk; me;jzd; xUtidf; fz;L vOg;gp eP ahh;? vd;W Nfl;f mt;te;jzd; ehd; jpt;aNjrahj;jpiu nra;J nfhz;L tlehl;il Rw;wp fq;ifapy; ePub tUgtd; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhd;. mJNfl;l murd; cdf;F njhpe;j ey;y ];Nyhfk; xd;iwr; nrhy; vd;W epakpj;jhd;. mjw;F mtd; fPo;f;fz;l ];Nyhfj;ijr; nrhd;dhd;.

th;\hh;j;jk\;nls g;uaNjj kh]he; ep]hh;j;jkh;j;jk; jpt]k; aNjj thh;j;jf;aN`Njhh; ta]h eNte guj;u N`Njhhp` [e;keh r

kiofhykhfpa Mb, Mtzp, Gul;lhrp, Ig;grp vd;Dk; ehd;F khjq;fspYk; ftiyaw;W tho;tjw;fhf kw;w vl;L khjq;fs; Kayf;fltd;. ,utpy; cz;gjw;fhf gfw;Nghjpy; ghLglf;fltd;. fpotdhFk;NghJ rpukkpy;yhky; tho;tjw;fhf thypgg;gUtj;jpy; ghLglf;fltd;. kWikapy; ,d;GWtjw;fhf ,g;gpwtpapy; Kayf;fltd; vd;gJ ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpd; nghUshFk;. murDk; md;wpuT ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpd; nghUisr; rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl fz;Zwq;fpdhd;. tpbe;j gpd;G murd; ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpy; Kjy; %d;W

thpfspYk; nrhy;yg;gl;l Fiwfs; ekf;F ,y;yhjjhy;, mitgw;wp ehk; nra;aNtz;ba Kaw;rp VJk; ,y;iy. ehytJ thpapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l kWik ,d;gj;ijf; Fwpj;J ,Jtiu ve;j Kaw;rpAk; nra;ahky; ,Ue;Jtpl;NlhNk vd;W ftiy cw;whd;. jdJ GNuh`pjUk; rh];jpuq;fisf; fiufz;ltUkhd nry;tek;gpiag; ghh;j;J kWikapy; ,d;gk; ngWtjw;F vd;d top vd;W Nfl;lhd;. nry;tek;gpAk; ehkhf xU mh;j;jj;ijr; nrhd;dhy; ,tDf;F cWjpahd ek;gpf;if Vw;glhJ vd;W fUjp ehnlq;Fk; giw miwtpj;J Ntjhe;jq;fisf; nfhz;L guk;nghUisg;gw;wp xU eph;zak; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mj;jhNy NgW ngwNtDk; vd;W cgNjrpj;jhh;. murDk; ,jw;F ,ire;J ngUk; jdj;ij xU t];jpuj;jpNy Kbe;J mg;nghw;fpopia kz;lgj;jpd;

Kd;dpiyapy; xU Njhuzj;jpNy fl;lr;nra;J gujj;t eph;zak; nra;fpd;wth; ,g;nghw;fpopiag; ngwyhk; vd;W ehnlq;Fk; giw mwptpf;fr; nra;jhd;. mg;NghJ =tpy;ypGj;J}hpy; Nfhapy; nfhz;Ls;s tlngUq;Nfhapy; cilahd; mq;F tho;e;J tUfpd;w nghpaho;thiuf; nfhz;L Ntjhe;j tpOg;nghUspd; NkypUe;j tpsf;if ntspg;gLj;jp cyif ca;tpg;gjw;fhf ,tUila fdtpy; vOe;jUsp ePh; Ngha; fpopia mWj;Jf;nfhz;L thUk; vd;w mUspr;nra;jhh;. Mo;thh; mjw;F mJ vy;yh rh];jpuq;fSk; fw;wwpe;j gz;bjh;fs; nra;a Ntz;bajd;Nwh. rh];jpu mg;ahrk; gz;zhky; ee;jtd ifq;fh;aj;jpNy <Lgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ehd; fisf;nfhl;ilg; gpbj;J vd; iffspy; Vw;gl;bUf;fpw nfhl;Lj; jOk;igf; fhl;bf; fpopia mWf;fKbANkh vd;w Mo;thh; $w mijg;gw;wp ckf;F Vd; ftiy? ck;ikf; nfhz;L gujj;Jt eph;eak; nra;J itf;fg;NghtJ ehkd;Nw. ePh; mtrpak; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W eph;ge;jpj;J mUspdhd; vk;ngUkhd;.

tp\;Zrpj;jUk; tpbaw;fhiyapy; vOe;J ,e;jf; fditg; gw;wp tpag;Gld; rpe;jpj;Jf;nfhz;Uf;ifapy; tlngUq;NfhapypDila ifq;fh;aguh;fs; vk;ngUkhdhNy epakpf;fg;ngw;W Mo;thh; vOe;jUs;tjw;fhfj; jpUgy;yf;Fk; jpUr;rd;dk; Kjyhd Nfhapy; ghpfuq;fisf;nfhz;L te;J jq;fSf;Fk; Mo;thiuf; $ly;khefUf;F vOe;jUsg;gz;zpf; nfhz;L NghFg;gb vk;ngUkhd; epakpj;jpUg;gijf; $wpdhh;fs;. Mo;thUk; mjw;F ,ire;J Nfhapy; ghp[d ghpr;rjq;fs; Gil#o ghz;bad; uh[ rigf;F vOe;jUspdhh;. Vw;fdNt nry;tek;gpapd; %yk; ,tUila ngUikiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUe;j ty;ygNjtd; ,tUila Nj[];i]f;fz;L tpag;gile;jtdha; nry;tek;gpNahL $lr;nrd;W Mo;thiu vjph; nfhz;L mioj;J mth; jpUtbapy; tpOe;J gl;lh;gpuhd; te;jhh; vd;W ,tiuf; nfhz;lhbdhd;. mq;F

Vw;fdNt FOkpapUe;j gw;gy kjq;fisr; Nrh;e;j tpj;thd;fs;, vy;yh Ntj]h];j;uq;fisAk; gapd;W Njh;e;j vq;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; xU ]h];j;jpuKk; gapyhj ,tiuf; nfhz;lhLtJ jfhJ vd;W MNr\gpj;jdh;. mJfz;l nry;tek;gp Ntjhe;j tpOg;nghUshd gujj;tj;ij ep];rapj;J mUspr;nra;a NtZk; vd;W tp\;Zrpj;jiug; gpuhh;j;jpj;jhh;. gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd Ntjthf;fpaq;fisf; nfhz;Lk; ];k;Ujp ,jp`h]k; Kjyhd g;ukhzq;fis nfhz;Lk; vjphpl;l tpj;thd;fs; jhq;fNs xg;Gf;nfhz;L jPuNtz;Lk;gb nghpaho;thh; =ke;ehuhazNd guk;nghUs; vd;W

epUgpj;j cld;, ntw;wp nfhz;ltUf;F ghprhf fy;Njhuzj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j nghw;fpop ,tUila ntw;wp guk;nghUshYk; ,irag;gl;lJ vd;W tpsq;Fk;gb ,th; Kd;Nd jhNd jhotise;J te;jJ. ,tUk; vk;ngUkhDila fUiziaf;fz;L cfe;J tpiue;J fpopaWj;jhd; vd;W jdpadpy; mE]e;jpf;fg;gl;lgbNa me;jg; nghw;fpopia vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mUspdhh;. (mth; ntw;wpnfhz;l Kiw gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd gf;fq;fs;nfhz;l tp\;Zrpj;j tp[k; vd;Dk; f;ue;jj;jpy; fhzyhk;. nghpaho;thh; md;W epiyehl;ba tp\;D guj;tk; ,d;Wtiu mirf;f Kbahjjha; tpsq;Ftij midtUk; czuyhk;.)

,ijf;fz;l tpj;thd;fSk; murDk; kw;wth;fSk; ngUtpag;Gw;W ,th; jpUtbfspy; gzpe;J tzq;fpdh;. =ty;ygNjtd; Mo;thiuj; jd; gl;lj;J

ahid Nky; Vw;wp Ntjg;gad; nfhs;sty;y tpl;Lrpj;jh; te;jhh,; nka;e;ehtd; te;jhh;, nka;abahh; te;jhh; Kjyhd tpUJfis Cjpj; jpUr;rpd;dk;gzpkhw murd; Kd;dpd;W tp\;Zrpj;jiu efh;tyk; tur;nra;jhd;. tpj;thd;fs; midtUk; tp\;Zrpj;jNu jhq;fSf;F jiyth; vd;gJ Njhw;wg; gl;lhgpuhd; vd;W ,tUf;Fj; jpUehkk; rhj;jpf;nfhz;lhbdhh;fs;.

,e;j epfo;r;rpia kdj;jpy; nfhz;L nghpaho;thUk; jhk; mUspa jpUg;gy;yhz;L g;uge;jj;;jpd; 11Mk; ghRuj;jpy; mgpkhdJq;fd; nry;tidg; Nghyj; jpUkhNy ehDk; cdf;Fg; gotbNad; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shh;. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; Gj;J}h; ];thkp mUspAs;s nghpaho;thh; itgtk; vd;Dk; fl;LiuAypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tUila jpUtk;]j;jpy; jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; ek;gp mtjhpj;jhh;. jpUf;Nfhl;bA+h; nry;tek;gp jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= :

=kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek: =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh - tU\j;jpUel;;rj;jpuk; -Mtzp - `];jk;

jpUehkk; - tujhrhh;ah;, mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - rpw;wz;zh; jpUj;jhahh; - Ma;r;rpahh; (jpUkQ;rdk; mg;gh vd;w Njtuhrhh;ahpd; Fkhuj;jp)

jpUj;jk;gpfs; - jhrujp mg;ig (Mr;rhd;;), juikjh vk;gh jpUf;Fkhuh; - mz;zhtpyg;gd; (Ntq;flhrhh;ah;) mtjhu];jyk; - jpUtuq;fk; Mrhh;ad; - xd;whd thdkhkiy [Pah; ];thkp ,th; xd;whd thdkhkiy uhkhE[ [Pah; ];thkpapd; jpUtb epiyahf cs;shh;. jdpad; =kj; thek`hi]y uhkhE[ Kepg;hpak; thJ}y tujhrhh;ak; te;Nj thj;]y;a ]hfuk; thopj; jpUehkk; rpq;fj;jpyj;jdhs; rpwf;f te;Njhd; thopNa rPuq;fe;jpUg;gjpapytjhpj;jhd; thopNa Jq;fkjps; fr;rpefh; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa J}a;ikAld; rPghbak; njhFj;Jiug;Nghd; thopNa nghq;F Gfo; vjpuhrd; mUs; ngWNthd; thopNa GfOila fe;jhilf;Fytpsf;Nfhd; thopNa rq;Ftz;zk; khKdpjhs; mile;j nry;td; thopNa re;jjK kz;zhtpd; jhspizfs; thopNa. njhq;fy; tlnkhopfs; tho kd;dpa nre;jkpo; kiwfs; tho jplKlNd ehs;njhUQ; rPh;j;jpwk; tho - glh; Gfohy; kd;dpaey; thJ}y tz;zhypdhhpaNd ,d;dnkhU E}w;whz;bUk;.

jpUehs; ghl;L re;jjKk; rlNfhgDiug;nghUs; Nrh;e;J nghype;jpL ehs; Nrnujpuhrh;jk; ghbaKk; jpfo; tpQ;rp tpsq;fpLehs; ke;jpu uj;jpdK KyfpYah;e;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; khjpiu kPjpdpy; gjpkh;kiyj;jplkhfte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; me;jkjhfpa tj;jpfphpj;jye; NjR mkh;e;jpLehs; mofpafr;rpap yhhpah;tho;T kpFe;jplte;J gpwe;jth;ehs; me;jzh; Nghw;Wq; fe;jhilaz;zhtpd;gud; mtjhpj;jUspaehs; mofhUQ; rpq;fj;jpy; rPh; mj;jk; njDehNs. mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhtpd; jd;Ndw;wk; ,th; Kjypahz;lhd; tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;j xd;gjhtJ Mrhh;aGU\h; Mthh;. ,tiu kzths khKdpfs; ek; mg;ghr;rpahuz;zNth vd;W mUsg;ghL ,l;L mioj;jhh;. ,th; Nfl;L nfhz;ljw;Ff;fhf kzthskhKdpfs; ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; gad; gLj;jp te;j jPh;j;j ghj;jpuj;ijf;nfhz;L (uhkhE[d;) jk;ikg;Nghy; xNu khjhpahd ,uz;L tpf;u`q;fisg; nra;J nfhs;skhW gzpj;jhh;. xU tpf;u`j;ij ,th; itj;Jf; nfhz;L kw;nwd;iw ,th; Mrhhpauhd thdkhkiy [PaUf;F nfhLf;fr; nrhd;dhh;. kw;Wk; Ml;nfhz;l tpy;yp [Pah; (fe;jhilahz;lhd; Mrhh;ah;) jpUthuhjdk; nra;J te;j vd;idj; jPkdk; nfLj;jhh; vd;Dk; tpf;u`j;ijAk; ,thplk; nfhLj;jhh;. (,e;j vk;ngUkhd; ek;kho;thuhy; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;ag;gl;lth;. ek;kho;th; ,e;j vk;ngUkhid vd;idj; jPkdk; nfLj;jha; cdf;F vd;nra;Nfd;? vd;W jpUtha;nkhopapy; 2Mk; gj;J 7Mk; jpUtha;nkhop 8Mk; ghRuj;jpy; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;Js;shh;). khKdpfspd; Midapd;gb ,th; fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; Kjypahz;lhd; jpUkhspifapy; tho;e;Jnfhz;L =mioj;J thoitj;j ngUkhis jpUthuhjdk; nra;J nfhz;L tho;e;J te;jhh;. (,e;j tpf;u`k; NguUshsdhy; fe;jhil Njhog;gUf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ). ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhh; Njtg;ngUkhSf;F rhiyf; fpzw;wpypUe;J epj;agb jpUkQ;fdf; Flk; vLj;J te;jJNghy ,tUk; mNj ifq;fh;ak; nra;J te;jhh;. ,JNt mg;gr;rpahuz;zhtpd; kfj;tkhFk;. NkNy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tp\aq;fs; jpUkapiy =kjp fPjh thRNjtd; njhFj;jspj;j rpW Fwpg;gpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mg;ghr;rpahh; mz;zh thdkhkiy [Paiu M];uapj;jy; (mg;ghr;rpahh; mz;zh vd;W jpUehkk; Vw;glf;fhuzk; vd;d?) kzthskhKdpia Mr;uapj;J kd epiwT ngw;whh; fe;jhil mz;zd;. mg;NghJ kzthskhKdpfs; thdkhkiy [Paiur; Rl;bf;fhl;b ,th; ekf;F caph;Nghd;W gphpakhdth;. ekf;F cz;lhd rpwg;Gf;fs; vy;yhk; ,tUf;Fk; cz;lhf NtZk; vd;W fe;jhil mz;zdplk; jk; fUj;ijj; njhptpj;jhh;. mijf;Nfl;lJk; fe;jhil mz;zd; [Pahpd; jpUTs;sf; fUj;ij mwpe;J nfhz;L mbNaid mthplj;jpy; Mr;uapf;fr; nra;jpUf;fyhNk! mq;qdk; ,d;wp xope;jNj! vd;W gzpNthL tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. khKdpfs; mtUila gzpTiuiaf;Nfl;L ekf;F milaj;jf;fjhd xd;iw tpl KbANkh? vd;W jhk; nfhz;L ,Ue;j md;ig ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;. fe;jhil mz;zd; mg;NghJ xU rpe;ij nra;jhh;. jk;Kld; te;jpUe;j mD rk;ge;jpfis (cwtpdh;fis) xU mgpg;gpuhaj;NjhL Nehf;fpdhh;. clNd ed;F fUj;J mwpaty;ytuhd Mr;rpahUila Fkhuuhd tujhrhh;ah; vOe;J jz;ld; rkh;gpj;jhh;. mbNaid thdkhkiy [Pah; jpUtbfspy; Nrh;gpj;jUs NtZk; vd;W if$g;gp tpz;zg;gk; nra;jhh;. nghpa [PaUk; kpfTk; cfe;jUsp ek; mg;ghr;rpahh; mz;zhNth! vd;W mioj;Jg; guhl;bdhh;. mJ Kjy; tujhrhh;ah; mg;ghr;rpahh; mz;zh vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;. nghpa [Pah; tujhrhh;ah; ifiag;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L jk; mUfpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. jhk; vOe;jUsp ,Ue;j Mrdj;jpy; thdkhkiy [Paiu ,Uf;fr; nra;J jk;Kila jpUf;ifapy; ,Ue;j rq;F rf;u jpUtpyr;rpid Kj;jpiufis mth; jpUf;ifapy; nfhLj;J ,tUf;F jpUtpyr;rpid gpurhjpAk; vd;W epakpj;jhh;. thdkhkiy [Pah; mlf;fj;NjhL jaq;fpdhh;. clNd khKdpfs; mg;gbj; jaq;fhjPh; ekf;Fg; gphpa khdijr; nra;Ak; vd;W tw;GWj;jpdhh;. mz;zit md;Gld; jOtp mtiu thdhkiy [Pahplk; Nrh;g;gpj;J itj;jhh;. clNd mz;zhTila jpUj;jk;gpauhd jhrujp mg;igAk; (Mr;rhd;) thdkhkiy [Paiu Mr;uapj;jhh;. clNd thdkhkiy [PaUk; NghJk; ,dpNky; mbNaid tplNtZk; vd;W Mrdj;jpypUe;J vOe;jpUe;J tpyfp epd;whh;. nghpa [Pah; mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J fe;jhil mg;gd; Kjyhd mz;zDila rNfhjuh;fSk; kw;iwa cwTKiw nfhz;lhh;f;Fk; Gj;u Nfhbapy; cs;sth;fSf;Fk; mtuth; Njtpahh;fSf;Fk; Mf nkhj;jk; 120 Ngh;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; rpq;fiuah; Kjyhd ,iwaUs; ngw;w mbahh;fSf;Fk; md;W khKdpfs; jpUf;fuj;jhy; jpUtpyr;rpid nghwpf;fg;gl;lJ. me;j rkaj;jpy; nghpa ngUkhs; epakdj;jpd; Nghpy; Nfhapy; ghpfuk; midj;Jf; nfhj;Jf;fSld; kq;fs thj;jpaq;fs; Koq;f nghpa Nfh\j;Jld; ngUkhSila gpurhjq;fisf; nfhz;L te;jdh;.

nghpa [Pah; mth;fis vjph;nfhz;L tuNtw;whh;. jPh;f;fkhf jz;ld; rkhg;;gpj;jhh;. klj;Jf;Fs;Ns mth;fis mioj;Jr; nrd;whh;. fe;jhil mz;zd; mth;fis chpa fpukj;jpy; Mjhpj;J re;khdq;fs; nra;J Mjhpj;jhh;.

gpd;dh; jpUtpyr;rpidg; ngw;w mbahh; Fohq;fNshL nghpa [Pah; nghpa Nfh\;bahf re;epjpf;F vOe;jUsp nghpa ngUkhis kq;fshrhrdk; nra;J kPz;Lk; klj;jpw;F vOe;jUspdhh;. klj;jpy; jjpahuhjdk; kpftpkh;iraha; eilngw;wJ. mq;fpUe;jth;fs; kzthskhKdpia ajpuh[h; Geutjhuk; vd;W Nghw;wpdh;. ,g;gb nghpa [Pah; rp\;a rk;gj;JlNd ,dpjhf tho;e;J te;jhh;. nghpa [Pah; mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhit fhQ;rpapy; epj;athrk; nra;a epakpj;jy; xU tU\k; Njtg;ngUkhspd; itfhrp kN`hj;tj;ijr; Nrtpf;f nghpa [Pah; fhQ;rpGuk; vOe;jUspapUe;jhh;. [Pah; mth;fisnay;yhk; kpfTk; Mjhpj;Jk; gy mwpTiufisAk; toq;fpdhh;. mtrpak; mE\;bf;fj;jf;f Mrhuq;fs; gu];guk; xUtiunahUth; Nerpj;jy; ghftjNr\j;tj;ij mDrhpj;J tho;f;if elj;JtJ Mfpa jh;kq;fis cgNjrk; nra;jhh;. jpt;ag;uge;jj;jpy; vg;ghOJk; <LghL nfhs;SkhW Ntz;bdhh;. fhQ;rpGu thrpfs; [Pahplk; xU Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itj;jdh;. mbNahq;fisj; jpUj;jpg;gzpnfhz;L ey;y jh;kq;fis cgNjrpf;f xUtiu ,e;j ];jyj;jpy; epj;a thrkhf epakpj;jUs NtZk; vd;W gpuhh;j;jpj;jdh;. nghpa [PaUk; ,jidj; jpUTs;sj;jpy; nfhz;L thdkhkiy [Paiuf; nfhz;L ek;Kila mg;ghr;rpahuz;zit mioj;J thUk; vd;W epakpj;jhh;. thdkhkiy [PaUk; mg;gbNa mtiu mioj;J te;jhh;. nghpa [Pah; mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhit midtUf;Fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. mz;zh ePh;

Kjypahz;lhd; jpUtk;rj;jpy; gpwe;jpUf;fpwPh;. Mz;lhd;, Njhog;gh; Kjyhdth;fSf;F cfg;ghf ek;Kila thf;Ffisg; gpd;gw;wp ,th;fSf;nfy;yhk; ,jq;fis cgNjrpj;J mth;fis kq;fshrhrdguh;fshf thOk;gb nra;a ,q;Nf epj;a thrk; gz;Zk; vd;W epakpj;jhh;. nghpa [Pahpd; jpUNkdp tpf;u`q;fs; epakdk; jpUkiy, ngUkhs; Nfhapy; kw;WKs;s jpt;aNjrq;fisAk; kq;fshrhrdk; nra;Jtpl;L kPz;Lk; jpUtuq;fk; te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. mbahh;fs; Gil#o muq;fefug;gd; jpUKd;G vOe;jUsp Fiwnay;yhk; jPh;e;jhh;. jk;Kld; njhlh;e;J ahj;jpiuapy; te;j mg;ghr;rpahuz;zhit mioj;jhh;. Kd;G epakpj;jgbNa ePh; ngUkhs; Nfhapypy; epj;athrk; nra;J thUk; vd;W gzpj;jhh;. mth; kpFe;j kdj;JaUld; ,q;Fs;s NritAk; Nfh\;biaAk; tpl;Lg; gphpe;jpUf;f KbANkh? vd;W njhptpj;jhh;. [Pah; mz;zhtpd; ifiag;gbj;Jf; nfhz;L re;epjpapy; vOe;jUsp jhk; mbnjhlq;fp ,uhkhErd; vd;W jpUehkk; rhj;jp gy tU\q;fshfg;

gad;gLj;jpajhy; [Ph;zkha;j;Nja;e;J Nghd jPh;j;j nrhk;ig [PaUila gpurhjk; vd;W thdkhkiy [Pah; jkJ jpUkz; $ilapNy itj;J Nrtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwijf; nfhz;L; tur;nrhy;ypj; jk; jpUifapNy thq;fpf; nfhz;lhh;. Kd; nghwpf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,uhkhErd; vd;fpw tpyhrKk; jpUthop jpUr;rq;F jpUkz; fhg;Gf;fs; vy;yhk; Nja;e;J Ngha;tpl;ld. ,ijf;nfhz;L ek;ikg; Nghy; ,Uf;fpw 2 tpf;u`q;fs; cz;lhf;fp ck;Kila Mrhahhpah; thdkhkiy [Paf;F xd;Wk; ckf;F xd;Wkhf vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; vd;W nghpa [Pah; rhjpj;jhh;.

klj;jpy; Nfhapyho;thhpy; ,Ue;j vd;idj; jPkdk; nfLj;jhh; (NkNy cs;s

Gifg;glj;jpy; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;) vd;Dk; vk;ngUkhd;, Kd;G Ml;nfhz;l tpy;yp [Pauhy; jpUthuhjdk; nra;ag;gl;lth;. me;j Ml;nfhz;l tpy;yp [Pah; vk;ngUkhdhiu Mr;uapj;jpUe;jth;. Kjypahz;lhDf;F fe;jhilahz;lhd; vd;Dk; jpUf;Fkhuh; mtjhpj;jhh;. mtiu vk;ngUkhdhh; Ml;nfhz;l tpy;yp [Pahplk; M];uapf;fr; nra;jhh;. fe;jhilahz;lhd; vg;gb tk;rguk;giuahf vd;id jPkdk; nfLj;jhh; vd;Dk; %h;j;jpia jpUthuhjdk; nra;J

te;jhh;fNsh, mJNghy; ePUk; mf;ifq;fh;ak; gz;zj;jf;fh;. MifahNy ckf;F ,th; jpUthuhjd %hj;jpahf ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd;W cfe;J nghpa [Pah; rhjpj;jUspdhh;. NkNy nrhd;d tp\aq;fs; kJiu Nguhrphpah; Kizth; =.c.Nt ,uh.muq;fuh[d; ];thkp njhFj;J mUspAs;s kd;DGfo; kzthskhKdptd; vd;fpw E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;ghr;rpahuz;zh jpUtbfNs ruzk;.

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= : =kNj uhkhD[ha ek: = KLk;ig G+h;zha ek: =kj; tutu KeNa ek: =kj; tuj FuNt ek:

= tujhrhhpahh; (=kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp) ];thkp - tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; -

Mtzp– rpj;jpiu

jpUel;rj;jpu jdpad;

]pk;N` rpj;NuhL ]k;G+jk; tj;]tk;rhg;jp nfs];Jgk; / uhkhE[hh;a ]r;rp\;ak; tujh`;ta khr;uNa // epj;aj;jdpad;

=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; / uhkhE[hh;a jeak; tujhh;a k`k; gN[ //

tk;rk; - KLk;ig ek;gp tk;rk;;;; mtjhu];jyk; - jpUtuq;fk; jpUj;jfg;ghdhh; - =,uhkhE[k; gps;is ];thkp jpUf;Fkhuh; - =Qhdj;U\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp

KLk;ig ek;gp tk;]j;jpd; ngUik =KLk;ig ek;gp fhQ;rpGuj;Jf;fUfpy; KLk;ig vd;Dk; mf;u`huj;jpy; =tj;] Nfhj;uj;jpy; mtjhpj;jhh;. ,tUila ,aw;ngah; =tujhrhh;ah;. ,th;

vk;ngUkhdhh; rNfhjhpapd; fzth;. Nj`]k;ge;jj;NjhL, Mj;k]k;ge;jKk; NtZnkd;W vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;jhh;. $uj;jho;thdpd; g;hpaj;Jf;Fg; ghj;ukhdth;. ey;y Qhd mD\;lhdq;fis cilath;. ,th; 74 rpk;khrdhjgjpfspy; xUth; Mthh;. khKdpfs; cgNjruj;jpdkhiyapy; KLk;ig tk;rj;jpd; ngUkia fPo;f;fz;l ghRuj;jpy; njhptpj;Js;shh;. (53Mk; ghRuk;) md;dGfo;KLk;ig az;zYyfhrphpad; ,d;dUshy; nra;jfiy ahitapYk; - cd;dpy; jpfo;trdG+lzj;jpd; rPh;ik nahd;Wf;fpy;iy Gfoytpt;thh;j;ij nkapg;NghJ.

tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is, gps;isNyhfhrhhpah;, mofpa kzthsg; ngUkhs;

ehadhh;, g;ujpthjp gaq;fuk; mz;zh, vWk;gpag;gh, ,uhkhE[k; gps;is MfpNahh; Klk;ig tk;rj;jpy; mtjhpj;jth;fs;. nghpa[Pah; NehAw;wjhy; jk;ik Mr;uapj;jpUe;j Kjypfs; gyiuAk; mioj;J xNuhh; jpt;aNjrq;fSf;F nrd;W vk;ngUkhDf;F ifq;fh;aq;fs; elj;jptUk;gb epakpj;jUspdhh;. ,th; jpUttjhpj;j Cuhd

Mo;thh;jpUefhpapy; `];thkp, Mo;thh; ifq;fh;aq;;fisf; Fiwtpd;wpr;

nra;aty;yhh; ahh;’ vd Muha;e;J =uhkhE[k;gps;isiaAk;, mth;

jpUf;Fkhuh; Mj;jhd; ];thkpiaAk; mioj;J `ePq;fs; Mo;thh;jpUefhp nrd;W =Mjpg;gpuhidAk; =rlNfhgiuAk; (ek;kho;;thiuAk;) ekf;fhfj; JQ;Rk; NghJk; tplhJ mEth;j;jpj;Jj; jpUtha;nkhopiaAk; tsh;j;Jf;nfhz;L

NghUq;Nfhs;’ vd;W epakpj;jhh;. Mo;thh;jpUefhpf;F vOe;jUs;jy; nghpa [Pah; jpUehlyq;fhpj;jjhYk; thdkhkiy [PaUk; mUfpy; ,y;yhikahYk; (gj;hpfhr;ukahj;jpiu nrd;W ,Ue;jjhy;) kpFe;j

f;yrj;NjhbapUe;j =uhkhE[k;gps;isf;F, xhputpy; ];thkp ek;kho;thh; clNd jpUefhpf;F te;JNrUk;gb ];tg;d KNfe epakpj;jUspdhh;. khKdpfs; epakdKk; kfpo;khwd; epakdKk;; gps;isiaj; njsptpf;fj; njspe;J ek;ngUkhsplk; tpilnfhz;L FLk;gj;JlDk; rp\;ah;fSlDk; jpUefhpf;F vOe;jUspdhh;;. gps;isAk; Mjpg;gpuhidAk; ek;kho;thiuAk; Nrtpj;J msg;gupa Mde;jkile;jhh;. Mo;thUk; kpfTk; kfpo;e;J mh;r;rf KNfe

`rlNfhghrhupahh’ ; vd;W mUsg;ghbl;L `ek;Nfhapy; gupfuk; midj;Jf;

nfhj;Jk; eph;t`pj;J thUk;’ vd;W epakpj;jUspdhh;.

Mj;jhd; ];thkp nra;j ifq;fh;aq;fs; Mo;thh;jpUefhpf;F vOe;jUspa rpy tUlq;fspNyNa =tujhrhhpahhpd; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; gukgjpj;J tpl;lhh;. mjd; gpwF ,th; Mjpehjh; Mo;thh;

Nfhapy; ifq;fhpaq;fis Fiwtpd;wp elj;jp te;jhh;. `gftj;tp\ak;

tujhrhhpahh’; vd;w ngaUf;F ePUgfkhf mth; Mo;thh; jpUefhpapy; jpUg;Gspaho;thh; mbapy; kzthskhKdp jpUtbf;fPo; gftj;tp\a fhyr;Nr\gk; ]hjpj;jUsp te;jhh;. Fd;wj;Jhh; mg;gDf;F ,th; gftj;tp\ak; ]hjpf;f mtUk; jpUtha;nkhopf;F mUk;gjk; mUspr;nra;jhh;. ,th; jpUtbfspy; Mr;uapj;j Ntjhe;jpuhkhE[ [PaUk; jpt;a]{hp g;ughtjPgpif KjyhdJ mUspr;nra;jhh;.

MjpehjUf;Fg; gq;Fdp cj;jpuj; jpUf;fy;ahz cj;]tj;ij Vw;gLj;jp, gq;Fdpj; jpUj;NjiuAk; nra;J ]kh;gpj;J elj;jp itj;jhh;. Mo;thUf;F

epiwa ]k;gj; Nrfhpj;Jk;, jpUg;gPjhk;guq;;fs;, jpUthguzq;fs;, jpUg;gy;yf;Ffs; Kjyhdit nra;Jk; ]kh;gpj;J elj;jp te;jhh;.

Mj;jhepjP` tpjpNjh tujhh;a rh;kh / fhhPe;j;u]{E f;Ujp ]hfu G+h;z re;j;u: //

vd;fpwgbNa tujFUTk; Mj;jhd; vd;Nw g;u]pj;juha;, jh;re eph;th`Kk;, Mo;thh; ifq;fh;a eph;th`Kk; nra;J nfhz;L k`hg;ughtj;NjhNl vOe;jUspapUe;jhh;. ,tUila tk;rj;jhh;fs; ,d;Wk; Mo;thh; jpUefhpapYk; jpUtuq;fj;jpYk; Nfhapy; ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J tUfpwhh;fs;. rPh;

thop Mj;jhd; fkytz; ruzk; thop KLk;ig thopatd; mUs; $h; ths; tpopfs; thopNa ,uhkhErk;gps;is ,d;dUshy; Mo;thh; jpuhtplEhy; Njh;e;Jiuf;Fk; rPh;.

thop vopy; Mj;jhd;jd; kyh;g;gjq;fs; thopatd;

jpUehkk; tha;nkhopfs; thopNa – ve;ij ,uhkhDrk; gps;is ,d;dUshy; khwDiu re;jjKk; jhDiuf;Fk; rPh;.

thopj;jpUehkq;fs; jOT jpUkhh;gDld; jz;gJik NridKjy; rlNfhgd; ehjKdpjhs; njhopNthd; thopNa ! tOtpy; Gfo; Gz;lhPff; fz;zh; kzf;fhy;ek;gp tho; Mste;jhiu thoj;;Jktd; thopNa moFila nghpaek;gp vjpuhrh; mtubNrh; midj;jhhpah; jq;fs; mUSilNahd; thopNa vOYila ,uhkhErk;gps;isf;fpdpaike;jd; vq;fs; tujhhpadhh; ,dpJhop thopNa. gq;faj; jpUj;jhspiz thopNa ghd;kjp jpUthilAk; thopNa mq;fkhh; jpUTe;jpAk; thopNa MuEhy; kzpkhh;Gk; thopNa rq;F rf;fuj;Njhspid thopNa jhkiur;nre;jpUKfKk; thopNa kq;fyj; jpUehkk; thopNa tho;KLk;ig tujhhpad; thopNa. ,d;gKWk;FUif efh; ,ak;g te;Njhd; thopNa vq;fspuhkhD[k; gps;isf; fpdpa ike;jd; thopNa jk;gukhaPL gh\;ak; je;jUs;Nthd; thopNa jz;zuq;fdUshsh;jhs; njhONthd; thopNa md;guhKyfhhpadUSilNahd; thopNa Mtzpapy; rpj;jpiuehs; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa vd;gudh nkjpuh[d; ,izabNahd; thopNa vopy; KLk;ig ahj;jhd; jd; ,izkyh;fs; thopNa. tho;tspf;ff; FUif efh; te;Jjpj;jhd; thopNa tukq;if khKdpf;F tho; tspj;jhd; thopNa Mo;thh;jk; Nfh\;bfis milT nra;jhd; thopNa Mj;jhd; vDk; ehkk; milT ngw;whd; thopNa jho;tjpyhr; rpj;jpiuapy; xzj;jhd; thopNa jFk; mofg;ghhpaidj; jhdspj;Njhd; thopNa Vo;ghUk; ca;a <l;Lg;gjk; ciuj;Njhd; thopNa vopy; KLk;ig tujhhpad; ,idabfs; thopNa.

=kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp tk;r guk;giu KLk;ig ek;gp

| uhkhD[ ek;gp (Kjypahz;lhid NghNy vk;ngUkhdhUf;F ,tUk; kUkhd; Mthh;)

| KLk;igahz;lhd; vd;Dk; jhrujp

| Njtg;ngUkhs; vd;Dk; tujhh;ah;

| ,isaho;thh; vd;Dk; yr\;kzhrhh;ah;

| | tujhrhh;ah; =fpU\;zghj FU vd;Dk;

| tlf;Fj;jpUtPjpg; gps;is uhkhD[ FU | | 1.gps;isNyhfhrhh;ah; mofg;gq;fhh; 2. Mofpa kzthsg;ngUkhs; ehadhh;

| Njtuh[ FU (NguUshs ];thkp)

| uhkhD[k; gps;is

| Mj;jhd; ];thkp

| Qhdj; jpU\;b mofg;gq;fhh; ];thkp

,e;j tk;r guk;gih kpfTk; ePz;L cs;sjhy; ,tUf;F gpwF mtjhpj;jth;fis gw;wp ,q;Nf nfhLf;f Kbatpy;iy.

=uhkhE[ NahfPe;j;u gjgq;f[ \l;gjk; / KLk;ig G+h;zkefk; te;Nj tuj]k;f;Qfk; // NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tp\aq;fs; Mo;thh; jpUefhp =kjhj;jhd;

Nkyj;jpUkhspif rp\;a rig ntspapl;Ls;s E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk;, Mj;jhd;

=.c.Nt tujNjrpfhrhhpahh; ];thkp, fpoj;jpUkhspif, \\;bag;jG+h;j;jp kyhpy; ,Ue;Jk; =.c.Nt fp.mg;gho;thh; njhFj;J mUspa Mrhh;ah;fs; itgt RUf;fk; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ. =kj; Mj;jhd; ];thkp jpUtbfNs ruzk;

thrpf Njh\: r\e;jt;a:

= : =kNj uhkhD[ha ek: =kj; tutuKeNa ek:

=kj; tuj FuNt ek:

nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; nfhq;Fg; gpuhl;bahh; itgtk; njhFj;jth;: Nfhapy; nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; =.c.Nt.fp.tujuh[ Iaq;fhh;

];thkp, %Zrhtb vd;fpw mde;jfpU\;zuha rKj;jpuk;, Nryk; khtl;lk;

= nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; tU\ jpUel;rj;jpuk; - Mtzp - Nfl;il thopj;jpUehkk; Mtzpapy; Nfl;iljdpy; mtjhpj;jhd; thopNa mofhUk; nfhq;Fjdpy; mkh;e;j nry;td; thopNa NjtpnaDk; kw;wwpNad; vd;Wiuj;jhd; thopNa NjtpnaDk; kidahshy; njspAw;whd; thopNa ghtzpe;j khwDiu ghpe;Jfj;jhd; thopNa ghftjhuhjdj;jhy; gUfpdhd; thopNa Nfhapy; ek;ngUkhdhh;f;F kUfdhh; thopNa nfhq;fpyz;zd; jk;Kila Fiufoy;fs; thopNa. Nfhapy; ek;ngUkhdhh;f;F kUfdhh; - nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; G+kp gpuhl;bahf Mz;lhisg; NghNy jpUttjhpj;jhh;. ,jdhNyNa vk;ngUkhdhh; ,e;j gpuhl;bf;F rNfhjuh; Mfpwhh;. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt Nky; cs;s thopj;jpUehkj;jpy; nfhq;fpyhr;rhid vk;ngUkhdhhpd; kUkfdhh; (khg;gps;is) vd;W $wpg;gpl;L cs;sdh;. ,tUila jdpad; fpilf;ftpy;iy. = nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; mtjhu];jyk; - yj;Jthb fpuhkk; (Nryk; khtl;lk;)

jpUehkk; - Re;juuh[d;, jh];a ehkk; - nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; , nfhq;fpyz;zd; jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - tp\;Zjhrd; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l MjpNக்ஷ Iaq;fhh;

jpUj;jhahh; - myh;NkY mk;ikahh; : Nfhj;jpuk; - fh];ag Nfhj;jpuk; ,tUila jh;kgj;dpahd = nfhq;F gpuhl;bahhpd; epj;a jdpad; ahuq;f];jy thrpdk; ajpgjpk; khJ fuhh;j;jq;fjk; jj;uj;jpia mtpte;jpjk; ]tpeak; j;U\;l;th gpuzk; %h;j;jp jhk;. =uhkhD[ ghJfhh;r;rpjk; gjpk; gr;rhj; eurpk; khh;r;rpjhk; jhk; Njtpk; g[jhk; mgP\;lgyjhk; = nfhq;fpy; gpuhl;bk; gN[.

nfhq;Fgpuhl;bahhpd; jdpad; tpsf;fk; =uq;fj;jpy; trpg;gtUk;, gpiக்ஷf;fhf nrd;W tUk; rd;ahrpfSf;Fj;

jiytUkhd =uhkhD[iu tpdaj;NjhL (gzpNthL) ghh;j;J, jz;ld;

rkh;gpj;J, =uhkhD[Uila ghJiffisg;ngw;W, G+[pj;J te;jtUk;, gpwF Muhjpg;gjw;fhf eurpk;kh; tpf;u`j;ijg; ngw;w fztiu cilatUk;, tpUk;gpa vy;yh gyd;fisAk; nfhLf;ff;$batUkhd me;j Njtp =nfhq;F gpuhl;bahiu tzq;FfpNwd;. ,tUila thopj;jpUehkk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. = nfhq;F gpuhl;bahh; mtjhu];jyk; - Nfhak;Gj;J}Uf;F mLj;j nfhs;Ns fhyk;

jpUehkk; - y\;kp, Rkjp, NrhyhQ;riy (NryhQ;ryhk;gh*) jpUj;jfg;gdhh; - ehuhazd; : jpUj;jhahh; - gj;khக்ஷp

*NrymQ;ry – Kd;whid – ,J njYq;fpy; nfhq;F vd nghUs;gLk;. mk;gh – yக்ஷ;kp – gpuhl;b (gpuge;ehk;Ujk; vd;w E}ypy; nfhq;F gpuhl;bahiu NryhQ;ryhk;gh vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L cs;sdh;)

= nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; jpUttjhuKk; mtUila mtjhu];jykhd yj;Jthb fpuhkj;ijg;gw;wpa xU rpW Fwpg;Gk;. nfhq;F Njrk; vd;gJ nfhq;F kz;lyj;jpy; Nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; jpUr;nrq;NfhL jhYf;fhtpy; fPo;f;fiu G+e;Jiw ehl;bDs; yj;Jthb vd;w rpwg;G tha;e;j rfy tsq;fSk; epiwe;Js;s xU fpuhkk;. ,t;T+hpy; Nky; fiuapy; nfhd;idahW vd;fpw kzpKj;jhW xLfpwJ. ,jdhy; yj;Jthb fpuhkk; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;FfpwJ. ,t;T+hpd; mf;fpu`huj;jpy; itjpf mD\;lhdq;fspy; kpfr;rpwe;j Xh; itzth; tp\;Zjh]d; vd;W miof;fg;gl;l MjpNக்ஷ Iaq;fhUf;Fk; mth; jh;kgj;jpdp myh;NkY

mk;ikahUf;Fk; fyp 4150 rh;tjhhp tU\k; Mtzp khjk; Nfl;il el;rj;jpuj;jpy; Xh; Mz; Foe;ij Rg[ddkhapw;W. ,f;Foe;ijf;F Re;juuh[d; vdj;jpUehkk; #l;b vy;yhtpj jhdq;fSk; jjpahuhjidfSk; kpfr;rpwg;Gld; nra;J kfpo;e;;jhh;fs;. ,th; jha; je;ijah; fhyf;fpukj;jpy; tpj;jpahg;ahrk; nra;tpj;J cgeadKk; nra;J itj;J vk;ngUkhDf;F ifq;fh;ak; nra;J tur;nrhd;dhh;fs;. nfhq;F ehl;bd; ngUik nfhq;fh;Nfhd; Fy Nrfud; (nghpkhs; jpUnkhop 3Mk; jpUnkhop – 9Mk; ghRuk;) vd;W kq;fshrhrdk; nra;ag; ngw;wJ nfhq;F Njrk;. nfhq;F nropj;jhy; vq;Fk; kypAk; vd;gJ gonkhop. ,e;j nfhq;F ehL 24 ehLfisf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. fq;ifapy; Gdpjkhd fhtphp ,q;Nf gha;fpwJ. fhtphpapd;

tlgFjpapy; cs;s Nryk; tlnfhq;F vdTk;, njd; ghfkhfpa Nfhit, nghpahh; khtl;lq;fs; njd; nfhq;F vdTk;, Nky; gFjpahfpa nfhs;Nsfhyk; kiyg; gFjp - Nky; nfhq;F vdTk; toq;fg;gl;L te;jJ. = nfhq;F gpuhl;bapd; mtjhu kfpik

Kdp];Nu\;lh;fshd guj;Jth[h;, fh];agh;, nfsd;bd;ah;, ghyfpy;ah;, tp];thkpj;uh;, Mah];fy;ah;, nksj;fy;ah; Kjypa hp\pfs; =itFz;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W =k`htp\;Ztplk; fypAfj;jpYk; vq;fs; tk;r guk;giuapdUf;F jhprdk; nfhLj;J ey;y gf;jh;fshf Mf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W gpuhh;j;jpj;jhh;fs;. mjw;F gfthd; ePq;fs; Nfhhpagb fypAfj;jpy; nfhq;F Njrj;jpy; =y\;kpapd; mk;rkhf xU Nrhiyapd; eLtpNy mtjhpj;Jk; ,isangUkhspd; mk;rkhf ,uhkhE[h; mtjhpj;Jk; cq;fs; tk;r guk;giufis epiy ehl;b cgNjrk; nra;thh;fs; vd;W $wpdhh;.

= nfhq;F gpuhl;bahhpd; jpUttjhuk; Nfhak;Gj;J}Uf;F mLj;j nfhs;Nsfhyk; vd;w Chpy; mf;u`huthrpAk; gpuhkz FyjpyfUkhd ehuhazd; vd;gtUk; mth; jh;kgj;jpdp gj;khக்ஷp

mk;khSk; ,dpJ f;U`];jh];ukj;ij elj;jp te;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; jh;k

rpe;jidAld; jpUf;Nfhapy; jpUklg;gs;sp ifq;fh;ak;, jpUj;Joha;, G\;gr; nrb Kjypa vk;ngUkhd; ifq;fh;aj;jpw;F cgNahfg;glf;$ba nghUs;fis

guhkhpj;Jk;, ehs;NjhWk; mt;T+hpy; vOe;jUsp ,Uf;Fk; vk;ngUkhd; re;epjpf;F nrd;W Nrit nra;Jk; te;jhh;fs;. ,th;fSf;F Foe;ij ghf;fpak;

,y;yhjjhy; kdk; jsh;e;J ngUkhs; re;epjpf;Fr; nrd;W “vk;ngUkhNd vq;fs; Fiwiaj; jPh;f;f ck;ikj;jtpu ahh; fjp. vq;fs; Fiwia eptph;j;jp

nra;a Ntz;Lk;” vd;W ,U fz;fspYk; jhiu jhiuahf gf;jp ePh; ngUf Ntz;b epd;wdh;. md;W ,uT nrhg;gdj;jpy; me;j vk;ngUkhd; itzth; Nghy; fhl;rp mspj;J cq;fSf;F ல�மி mk;rkhd xU ngz; fpilj;J cyfkf;fs; ca;atop

fhl;baha; nfhq;F Njrj;jpw;F xU Njtijaha; tpsq;Fths; vd;W nrhy;yp kiwe;jUspdhh;. kW ehs; fhiy tpbe;jJk; ,UtUk; kdkfpo;e;J vk;ngUkhd; rd;dpjpf;F nrd;W gpuge;jghRuq;fis mEre;jpj;J te;jhh;fs;. ,th;fSf;Fr; rpwpJ fhyj;jpy; NrhiyAk; jpUj;JohAk; ,Ue;j gpUe;jhtdj;jpy; Xh; Foe;ij Nrhjpg; gpufhrkha; mtjhpj;jhs;. Nrhiy epiwe;j tdj;jpy; mtjhpj;jjhy; ,e;j Foe;ijf;F NrhyhQ;riynad;W ehkfuzk; #l;lg;gl;L itjpf Kiwg;gb tsh;j;J te;jhh;fs;. nry;ykhf Rkjp vdg;ngahpl;L mioj;J te;jhh;fs;. ngz; tsh;gpiwr; re;jpud;NghNy tsh;e;J nfhz;L te;jhs;. ngz;Zf;F kzg;gUtk; te;jJ. nfhq;fpyhr;rhDf;Fk; nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bf;Fk; jpUf;fy;ahzk; Re;juuh[Df;F jpUkzk; nra;Ak; fhyk; te;J tpl;lJ. ,th; je;ijapd; fdtpy; xU ehs; rhJ tbtk; nfhz;l xU gf;jh; vOe;jUsp gf;jh! cd; jpUf;FkhuDf;F Nkw;F Njrj;jpy; nfhs;Nsfhyk; vd;w Chpy; itzt

me;jzh; tPl;by; vOe;jUspapUe;J nfhz;L, vk;ngUkhd; Nrit nra;J tUgthpd; fd;dpifia epr;rapj;J Rgkq;fs K$h;j;jk; nfhs; vd mwptpj;J kiwe;jUspdhh;. mjd;gb ngw;Nwhh;fs; nfhs;Nsfhyk; nrd;W fd;dpifiag; ghh;j;J mts; ngw;Nwhh;fisf; Nfl;L epr;rapj;J K$h;j;j fhyk; ghh;j;J

cw;whh;, cwtpdh; #o Re;juuh[Df;Fk; Rkjpf;Fk; tpthf kNfhw;rtk; kpfTk; rpwg;Gld; ele;jJ. jpUtuq;f ahj;jpiu

gpd;dh; Re;juuh[Dk; RkjpAk; ,y;yw tho;f;ifia elj;jpf; nfhz;L, Re;juuh[Dila rpw;wd;idahfpa rPuq;f ehr;rpahiu (,e;j mk;ikahh; nysfPf gpbj;jk; cs;sts;. itjPfk; vd;gNj gpbf;fhJ) ghJfhj;J te;jhh;fs;. ngw;Nwhh;fs; ,we;jTld; Re;juuh[d; ftiy nfhz;L gf;jp rpuj;ijaw;W ngUkhs; jpUthuhjdf; ifq;fh;ak; Kjypaitfisr; rhptu

elj;jhky; kdk; NghdNghf;fpy; ,Ue;jhh;. ,t;thW eilngWq;fhyj;jpy; fypfhy NtWghl;lhy; gUtkio ,y;yhky; gQ;rk; Vw;gl;lJ. kf;fs; gLk; f\;lk; nrhy;ypy; mlq;fhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,ijg;ghh;j;J kdk; rfpahky; Re;juuh[Dk; RkjpAk; ,dp ehk; ,q;fpUe;J ,j;Jd;gj;ijg; ghh;g;gij tpl Nrho Njrkhfpa fPoNjrj;jpw;F ahj;jpiur; nrd;W Nக்ஷj;uhldk; nra;J

fhyj;ij fopj;J tu y\;kp eurpk;kd; mEf;u`k; ngw;W jd; rpw;wd;id rPuq;f ehr;rpahiu jpUkhspifapNy ,Uf;fr;nra;J tpl;L ahj;jpiu nra;jdh;.

FzNrfuk;, jpUf;fz;zGuk; ngUkhis Nrtpj;J =uq;fk; te;J Nrh;e;jdh;. jpdKk; fhtphpapy; ePuhb epakj;Jld; =uq;fehjDf;F Nrit nra;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ];thkp vk;ngUkhdhiu M];uapj;jy; - nfhq;Fgpuhl;bahh; vd;w jpUehkk; Vw;gLjy; vk;ngUkhdhh; =uq;fj;jpy; gf;jNfhbfSf;F gy cgNjrq;fisr; nra;J nfhz;Lk; =uq;fehjd; rd;dpjpapy; fhh;ahjpfis Nkw;ghh;it ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jhh;. epj;jpaKk; VO jpUkhspifapNy khJfuk; gpiக்ஷ gz;zpf;nfhz;L mKJ nra;Ak; f;ukj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.

Rkjp vd;Dk; ek;gpuhl;b mk;ikahh; vk;ngUkhdhUila khl;rpiag;ghh;j;J, ,t;tpjk; gpiக்ஷ gz;zpg;NghFk; xU rd;dpahrpaplkpUe;J jdf;F vd;d

fpilf;fg;; NghfpwJ vd;W jd;Ds;Ns Nahrpj;jhs;. xd;Wk; tpil Njhd;whikahy; kWehs; fhiy vk;ngUkhdhh; vOe;jUspa clNd Nky; jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,wq;fp te;J ,ilfopapy; jife;J epd;whs;. mfj;jpy; gpiக்ஷ ngw;Wf;nfhz;L jpUk;Gk;NghJ, vk;ngUkhdhh; ,ijf;fz;L tpag;Gw;W

ePh; ,q;qdk; nra;tjw;F vd;d fhuzk; mk;kzP? vd;W Nfl;f Rkjp mk;ikahh; mbNad; NjthPh; ,lk; xU re;Njfk; Nfl;f te;jpUf;fpNwd; mjidj; njspthf ciuj;jUs Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpz;zg;gk; nra;ajhs;. vk;ngUkhdhh; mijr; nrhy;Yq;Nfhs; vd;W $wpdhh;. Rkjp mk;ikahh;

];thkp jpdKk; khJfuk; gz;zp fhyk; elj;Jk; xUtUf;F, g;u`;khjpfSf;F cz;lhfhj khl;rp cz;lhapw;W vd;dyhk;gb murdhd mfsq;fNd njhlq;fp rh;t rh];jpuk; gbj;j g;uh`;kzh;fSk; kw;WKs;s rhd;Nwhh;fSk; rkurkhf mlq;fp xLq;fp mbf;fPo; mkh;e;J fhj;jpUg;gijg; ghh;f;fpy; tpag;gha; ,Uf;fpwNj? mjid njspthf tpsf;fNtz;Lk; vd;whs;. mk;kzP murNd

MfpYk;, mapuhzpf; Nfs;tNd MfpYk; mfpyNjth;fNs MfpYk;, gftj; tp\aj;jpy; rpy ey;y thh;j;ijfis cs;sgb nrhy;yp czh;j;jg;Gf;fhy; nrtprha;j;J Kbtzq;fp mlq;fp Nfl;fhjth; ahUk; ,Uf;fkhl;lh;fs; vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;. mjw;F Rkjp mk;ikahh; ];thkp mg;gbg;gl;l mUk; nghUis mbNaDk; fw;W ca;ayhk;gb fpUig nra;J mUsNtZk; vd;W

nrhd;dTld;, vk;ngUkhdhh; ek;Kila klj;jpw;;F thUk; vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;.

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=.c.Nt.V.eurpk;kd; ];thkpf;F mbNaDila ed;wp.

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mtiug; ghh;j;J ePh; vq;fpUe;J vOe;jUspfpwPh; vd;W Nfl;f, Nfhapy;

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KjypfSk; kioapNy eide;J, Fsph; jhq;fhky; NtlKjypfs; Gdj;jpy; neUg;G xsp fz;L cilatUk; ek;ik mq;nfwf; nfhz;L Nghq;fs; vd;W

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NkNy nrhd;dijf;Nfl;L vk;ngUkhdhUk; =ey;yhd; ,jp NkNfhsak; tekj;Na gh;th;\jp vd;W mUspr;nra;jhh;. mjhtJ =ey;yhd; vd;fpw fhsNkfk; eLf;fhl;bYk; kio nghopfpwNj vd;W nrhd;dhh;. NtLt KjypfSk; cilatUila =ghjj;ijf; fl;bf;nfhz;L mOJ nuhk;gTk; Jf;fpj;J mth; jpUtbfspNy tpOe;J Nrtpj;Jj; NjDk; jpidAk; nfhz;L te;J rkh;gpj;J ,e;jf; fjpiu tWj;J ,bj;Jj; Njdpy; fye;J mKJ nra;jUsNtZk; vd;W tpz;zg;gk; nra;jdh;. KjypfSk; mg;gbNa nra;J mKJ nra;jUsp md;W ,uT mq;NfNa fz; tsh;e;jdh;. (,e;j kiyabtuhj;jpw;F =uq;fj;jpypUe;J tUtjw;F epr;rakhf 8 my;yJ 9 ehl;fs; MfpapUf;Fk;. ,e;j 8 my;yJ 9 ehl;fs; ,th;fs; gl;bdpahf ,Ue;jhh;fs; vdj; njhpfpwJ. mg;nghOJ ,uhkhD[Uf;F jpUel;rj;jpuk; 53 ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W rpyh; nrhy;Yfpwhh;fs;. 1017Mk; Mz;L jpUttjhpj;j ,uhkhD[h; 1070Mk; Mz;L =uq;fj;ij tpl;L ,q;F te;jhh;. ,th; 120 jpUel;rj;jpuk; tho;e;jhh;. ,uhkhD[Uld; nkhj;jk; 45 Kjypfs; vOe;jUspdhh;fs;). kW ehs; fhiyapy; me;j NtlKjypfs; ,th;fis mioj;Jf; nfhz;L xU kiyiaj; jhz;b kiyg;ghijahfr; nrd;W md;W khiy me;j NtLth;fspd; jiytd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whh;fs;. Ntl;ilapy; ,Ue;J jpUk;gpa jiytd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nfl;L mwpe;jhd;. ,e;j NtlKjyp gfy; vy;yhk; Ntl;ilf;Fg;Ngha; te;J cz;zg;Gf;fthNw g;uh ;̀kzh;fs; gl;bdpaha; ,Uf;f ehk; cz;zyhfhJ vd;W nrhy;yp me;j NtlKjypfsplk; ,th;fis mUfpy; ,Ue;j xU fpuhkj;jpNy fl;listhhp

(nfhs;Ns fhyk;) vd;w g;uh ;̀kzh; mfj;jpNy nfhz;Ltpl;L, Ntz;Lk;

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nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; vk;ngUkhdhiu milahsk; fz;L nfhs;Sjy;

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rh];jputpjpg;gb elj;jpdhh;fs;. nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; Mrhh;ad; jpUtb miljy; gpwF nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahiug; gphpe;j ftiyahy; kdKile;J gpuhl;bapd; Qhgfk; Nkypl;L rpy Mz;LfSf;Fg;gpwF jd; Fkhuh;fSf;Fk; khw;W ngz;fSf;Fk; ]kh];uazk; nra;jhh;. =yl;Rkp eurpk;k tpf;u`j;jpw;Fk; =uhkhE[Uila ghJiffSf;Fk; Kiwg;gb jpUthuhjdk; nra;Ak; fpukq;fisf; fw;gpj;J 86Mk; tajpy; Mrhh;ad; jpUtbaile;jhh;. nfhq;Fgpuhl;bapd; itgtj;ij rpj;jpu tbtpy; =uq;fk; cilath; rd;dpjp gpuhfhuj;jpy; fhzyhk;. ,e;j gpuhl;bahhpd; itgj;jpy; ,Ue;J ehk; njhpe;J nfhs;tJ nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; vk;ngUkhdhh; Nky; Njrj;jpw;F vOe;jUSk; NghJ mtUf;Fk; mtUld; nrd;w KjypfSf;Fk; Mfhuk; nfhLj;J mth;fspd;

f\;lq;fis ePf;fpdhh;. vk;ngUkhdhUf;F fh\hak;, j;hpjz;lk; rkh;gpj;J mitfis mzpe;J nfhs;sr; nrhd;dhh;. gujho;thd; ngUkhs; jpUtbfisf; nfhz;L jhpj;jpUe;jhw; NghNy, nfhq;F gpuhl;bahUk; vk;ngUkhdhh; jpUtb epiyfisg; ngw;W rj;ij ngw;whs;. ek; fhyj;jpw;F rw;W Kd;ngy;yhk; Fy jh;kj;ij fhg;gw;wpath;fs; ];j;hPfNs. mjw;fpzq;f nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bAk; jdJ fztid ey; topf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhh;.

vk;ngUkhdhh; nfhq;fpyhr;rhid 74 rpk;khrdhjpgjpfspy; xUtuhf epakpj;jhh;. Mrhh;a mgpkhdNk cj;jhufk; vd;Dk; thf;fpaj;ij eP&gpj;jhh; nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; jk;Kila tho;f;ifapy;. ,e;j thh;j;ijia tpthpf;Fk; ghRuj;ij fPNo mDgtpg;Nghk;. QhdkDl;lhdkpit ed;whfNtAila dhd. FUitaile;jf;fhy; - khepyj;jPh; Njdhh;fkyj; jpUkhkfs; nfhOed; jhNd itFe;jk; jUk;. (cgNjruj;jpdkhiy 61Mk; ghRuk;) QhdkhtJ mUspr;nraiyf; fw;W mwptjhy; Vw;gLtJ. mEl;lhdkhtJ jho;thJkpy; Futh;fs; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWfpd;w G+Uthrhhpah;fspd; ey;nyhOf;fj;ij mwptjhy; Vw;gLtJ. vdNt mUspr;nraiy ,e;j cyfpUs; ePq;f cgfhpj;j Mo;thh;fspd; ngUikfs; kw;Wk; mUspr; nraw;nghUis vy;yh cyfj;jtUk; mwpa ntspapl;l G+h;thrhhpah;fspd;

cgNjrq;fisAk;, mD\;lhdq;fisAk; gpd;ngw;w Ntz;Lk;.

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rk;gtpf;fkhl;lhJ. mijg;NghNy Mrhh;ah;fSf;F QhdKk; mDl;lhdKk; Mfpw ,uz;L gக்ஷq;fSk; ,Ue;jhy; md;wp cah;fjp NeuhJ vd;W

rh];j;uq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. gpuhl;bapd; GU\fhuj;jhNy Nkhக்ஷkspf;fty;ytNd

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nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; tk;rj;jpdhpd; MW Nfhj;jpuq;fs; 1) fh];ag Nfhj;jpuk; 2) ghuj;th[ Nfhj;jpuk; 3) nksj;fy;a Nfhj;jpuk; 4) nfsz;bd;a Nfhj;jpuk; 5) Mah];fy;a Nfhj;jpuk; 6) ghyfy;ypah; Nfhj;jpuk;

nfhq;Fg;gphl;b nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; tk;rj;jpdh; guk;giuahf trpj;JtUk; rg;jrKj;jpuq;fs; (7 ,lq;fs;)

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4) mde;jfpU];zuha ]Kj;uk; - %Zrhtb, ghr;ry; 5) Njtuha]Kj;uk; (jpUkiy ehk ]Kj;uk;) - GJg;ghisak; , ,ilahW 6) fhq;Nfa]Kj;uk; - gbA+h;

7) MUj;ufghyGhp (g];rpkj;thufh Ghp) - <NuhL, fUq;fy;ghisak;, GJg;ghisak; (gukj;jp)

NkNy nfhLj;Js;s tp\aq;fs; = c.Nt T.MuhtKjd; ];thkp, <NuhL njhFj;J vOjpa =,uhkhE[Uk; nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bAk; (nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;b itgtk;) vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;E}iy nfhLj;J cjtpa

= c.Nt T.MuhtKjd; ];thkpf;F mbNaDila ed;wp.

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,g;guk;giuapduhfpa =uq;fk; = c.Nt.MjpNக்ஷ eurpk;khr;rhhpahh; ];thkpapd;

Fkhuuhd =ju eurpk;khr;rhhpahh; ];thkp, vz; 55, kq;fhk;kh efh;, =uq;fk;, ,j;jpUthuhjd ifq;fh;aj;ij ,d;Wk; njhlh;e;J nra;J nfhz;L tUfpwhh;. th;j;jkhd nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; = c.Nt. =ju eurpk;khr;rhhpahh; ];thkpapd; Gifg;gilj;ij fPNo fhzyhk;. ,tUila ,U jpUf;Fkhuhh;fs;

=.c.Nt.Re;ju uh[d; ];thkpAk;, = c.Nt.uhk uh[d; ];thkpAk; gftj; ifq;fh;aq;fs; nra;J nfhz;L tUfpwhh;fs;.

,e;j tk;r guk;giuapduhd 6 Nfhj;jpuj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 60 jpUkhspif

thrpfSk; Mrhu rPyh;fshfTk;, Mrhh;a GU\h;fshfTk; nfhq;FehL KOtJk; gutpapUe;J gftj; ifq;fh;aj;jpy; <Lgl;L cs;sdh;.

nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; itgj;ijj; njhFj;J mUspa fPh;j;jp %h;j;jp %Zrhtb =tujuh[a;aq;fhh; ];thkpf;Fk; mbNaDila ed;wp. nfhq;Fg; gpuhl;bahiu Nghw;wp ciuf;Fk; xU ghly; (nfhq;F kz;ly rjfk; vd;w E}ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg; gl;lJ) rptNd guk;gpwp jpy;iyia dhehw; rpue;Jzpf;f cte;jdd; Nrho nddkW Ntlkh Nahbte;J ftd;wpb uhkh E[d;widj; Njw;wpAq; fhj;jspj;j ktdiff; nfhq;Fg; gpuhl;ba Uq;nfhq;F kz;lyNk. me;j ghlypd; tpsf;fk; rptngUkhNd guk; NtW ,y;iy? (]pthj;gujuk; eh];jp - rptidf; fhl;bYk; Nkyhdjpy;iy) vdf;ifnaOj;Jg; Nghlhtpby; Nrhod; fOj;ij ntl;btpLthd; vd;W gae;J ntspNawp te;j uhkhE[uJ gaj;ij ePf;fp Cd; cil Kjypa MjuT nra;j nfhq;Fg; gpuhl;bahUk; nfhq;F kz;lyNk vd;gjhk;. ehKk; nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahiug; NghNy Mrhh;adplk; ga gf;jpAld; ,Ue;J nfhz;L ey;tho;T tho;Nthk;.

kq;fsk; kq;fsh]h]d giu: kjhrhh;a GNuhfik: ]h;it];r G+h;it uhrhh;ia: ]j;f;Ujhah];J kq;fsk;. nfhq;fpyhr;rhd; nfhq;Fg;gpuhl;bahh; jpUtbfNs ruzk; thrpf Njh\: க்ஷe;jt;a:

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