Tentative de contournement de la FCEMDans les phénomènes d'induction standard, l'aimant en mouvement produit une l'induction directement dans le

circuit magnétique, sur lequel est installée la bobine de récupération.

L'animation suivante montre le mouvement alternatif de rapprochement et d'éloignement de l'aimant, vis à vis du circuit magnétique ; ce mouvement produit une variation d'intensité de flux magnétique au centre de la

bobine de récupération.

Sur la simulation suivante, le sens du flux de réaction de la bobine de récupérationest exactement inverse au flux de l'aimant en rapprochement.

Si l'aimant fait un mouvement de recul le sens des vecteurs va s'inverser.

Nous somme confronté à la FCEM

A la suite d'études de simulations et d'expériences sur maquettes nous avons observé qu'il était possible de dévier le champ magnétique d'un aimant.

Nous avons élaboré un concept, rendant possible la diminution de la force d'opposition due à la FCEM.

La simulation du dessous montre un arrangement particulier du circuit magnétique.Le principe consiste à ajouter un circuit magnétique auxiliaire.Deux aimants et un circuit de bouclage sont ajoutés au circuit magnétique de la bobine de récupération.

L'image suivante, montre le nouvel arrangement du circuit magnétique, et l'approche de l'aimant inducteur.Il apparaît clairement que le circuit magnétique de la bobine de récupération est déserté par le flux des aimants du circuit auxiliaire.La force de réaction de la FCEM ne va pas pouvoir s'opposer frontalement à l'aimant inducteur en rapprochement.La réaction sera dirigée sur la retenue du flux magnétique du circuit auxiliaire.

Dans cette hypothèse le mouvement de rapprochement mécanique de l'aimant inducteur ne sera pas freiné par la FCEM,car le ferromagnétisme va favoriser l'approche de l'aimant inducteur.Une expérience simple à faire, consiste à coller un aimant nord sur un cube d'acier magnétique.Ensuite on se munit d'un second aimant que l'on colle également face nord sur le cube.Il se produit dans la matière un nouvel arrangement magnétique qui va saturer fortement le cube certes, mais qui rendra possible l'adhérence magnétique.

Cette animation montre comment peut s'organiser la variation du flux par déviation alternative de deux circuits magnétiques.

L'animation montre que la déviation du flux, produit une variation d'intensité de flux dans les bobines de récupération.En revanche le flux de réaction des bobines ne s'oppose pas directement à l'approche de l'aimant inducteur,mais plutôt au flux "statique" produit par les aimants collés sur le circuit magnétique de la bobine de récupération.

La suite logique est un montage rotatif.

Voici une visite guidée d'un concept d'alternateur utilisant la déviation de flux.Toutes les pièces sont représentées et commentées ; curieusement une des plus importante est le stator de lissage ;elle sert à la fois de liaison mécanique entre les diverses parties du générateur, et en même temps elle permet d'obtenir l'effet escompté,à savoir diminuer la force de résistance à l'entrée et à la sortie de la branche induite.

Un autre schéma explicatif des écoulements des flux magnétiques va donner quelques précisions.

Un autre mode de réalisation peut également être mis en œuvre.Il est avantageux au niveau de la conception du rotor.Le rotor est réduit à sa plus simple expression ;cela réduit son poids et éventuellement sont diamètre.L’animation ci-dessous donne une symbolique de réalisation du concept.

Une dernière simplification consiste à limiter le nombre d'aimants et aussi l'encombrement.L'animation suivante représente l'objet

A partir de ces différentes extrapolations, voici un exemple de réalisation d'une maquette d'évaluation rudimentaire.

On part d'un transformateur de récupération, on pratique un usinage afin de créer la rupture magnétique.Un rotor en forme de disque va permettre de boucler, ou pas, le circuit magnétique, alternativement, par simple rotation.________________________________________________________Un nouveau développement sur le concept à permis d’optimiser un fonctionnement Voici en image le concept.

Le principe reste le même dans les grandes lignes, à savoir la commutation de flux statique par un flux dynamique.En quoi porte l’amélioration ?Et bien sur la section de flux commuter vis-à-vis de la section de du commutateur.Vous pouvez voir que l’on commute et sature une section de 40mm de large, alors que le commutateur ne fait que 25mm.Second point, l’alternance montre qu’on retire le flux d’une section de 40 mm saturée,Pour le mettre dans une section non saturée de même largeur.Il se produit donc une variation de flux à la saturation et dé-saturation dans 80mm de large à chaque commutation.Alors que dans le premier concept, il se produisait une variation de flux dans une largeur de section, plus faible et non saturée.D’autre part le diamètre effectif sur lequel s’exerce le couple potentiellement résistant,est des plus faible environ 25 mm, alors que dans le premier concept il était au minimum de 50mm.________________________________________________________Petite variante, utilisant un matériel de récupération.

________________________________________________________Retour sur la simplification extrême dans le but d'une réalisation d'évaluation quantitative.a noter que dans cette représentation fonctionelle,le diamètre du rotor est égale à la largeur des aimants générant le flux fixe.et poutant le concept est tout de même valide.

La dernière version la plus aboutie en terme de rendement de commutation est la suivante,

Le nombre d'aimants est minimiser sur les stators, la commutation est trrès franche,les enrefers sont importants, de l'ordre de 0.6 mm, ceci facilite la production industriel en faible série.Les pièces polaires de lisages n'ont pas besoin d'un entrefer important, 0.6 mm également.Le rendement de se modèle est moins optimal mais il est plus simple à réaliser

Le circuit magnétique est constitué de deux parties fait d'empilement de feuille de tôles type transformateur, le principal formant le stator du rotor.Et le second, noyau de la bobine, faisant la liaison entre les deux cornes du circuit

___________________________________________________________________________________________Voici la dernière évolution de l'alternateur à commutation de flux,Il permet d'inverser la polarité magnétique du flux dans les branches latérales.La variation de flux s'élève donc à +/- 1 T, ce qui est proche de se qu' l'on peut obtenir dans les machines industrielles.Le rotor commute le flux des aimants adjacent, cela nous permet de penser que la réaction de FCEM ne se fera donc pas sentir par un couple résistant.A la manière des expériences de Thane Heins la réaction de FCEM va exister mais dans une zone sans influence sur la cause.

Attempt to circumvent the EMF

In the standard induction phenomena , the magnet moving a product induction directly in the magnetic circuit ,which is installed on the take up spool .

The following animation shows the reciprocating movement toward and away from the magnet,with respect to the magnetic circuit; This movement produces a variation of magnetic flux density at the center of the take up spool .

In the following simulation , the flow direction of the reaction up spoolis exactly opposite to the flow of inbound magnet .If the magnet makes a recoil direction vectors will be reversed .

We are faced with the EMF

Following simulation studies and experiments on models we observed that it was possible to divert the magnetic field of a magnet.We developed a concept , making it possible to decrease the opposing force due to the EMF .

The simulation shows a particular arrangement of the magnetic circuit.The principle is to add an auxiliary magnetic circuit.

Two magnets and a termination circuit are added to the magnetic circuit of the pick-up coil .

The following image shows the new arrangement of the magnetic circuit , and the approach of the field magnet .It is clear that the magnetic circuit of the pick-up coil is defected by the flux of the magnets of the auxiliary circuit .The reaction force of the EMF will not be able to frontally oppose the magnet inductor combination.The reaction will be conducted on the retention of magnetic flux of the auxiliary circuit .In this case the movement of mechanical approximation of the field magnet will not be constrained by the EMF ,ferromagnetism as will favor the approach of the field magnet .A simple experiment to do is to stick a magnet on a north magnetic steel cube .Then armed himself with a second magnet which is also glue north face on the cube .It occurs in the magnetic field a new arrangement that will strongly saturate the cube of course, but make possible the magnetic adhesion.

This animation shows how the change can be organized by alternative flow deviation of two magnetic circuits.

The animation shows that the deviation of the flow, a variation of flux intensity in the coils of recovery .In contrast, the reaction stream coils is not opposed directly to the approach of the field magnet ,but rather the " static " flux generated by magnets affixed to the magnetic circuit of the pick-up coil .

The logical consequence is a rotating assembly.

Here is a guided tour of a concept alternator using the flow deflection .All parts are shown and discussed ; curiously one of the most important is the stator smoothing ;it serves both mechanical connection between the various parts of the generator, and at the same time it achieves the desired effect,namely to reduce the drag force at the inlet and at the outlet of the induced branch .

Another explanatory diagram of flow of magnetic flux will give some clarification.

Another embodiment may also be implemented .It is advantageous in the design of the rotor .The rotor is reduced to its simplest expression;this reduces its weight and diameter are possible .The animation below shows a symbolic embodiment of the concept .

A final simplification is to limit the number of magnets and also clutter.The following animation shows the object

From these extrapolations , an example embodiment of a rudimentary model of evaluation.

Starting from a transformer recovery machining practice is to create magnetic breakdown .A disc-shaped rotor will enable to fasten , or not , the magnetic circuit , alternately , by simple rotation .

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A new development on the concept used to optimize operationHere is a concept image .

The principle remains the same in outline , namely the static flow switching by a dynamic flow .What carries the improvement?And of course the section flow switch vis-à -vis section of the switch.You can see that it switches a saturated section and 40mm wide, while the switch is only 25mm .The second point , which shows the alternating flux removes a section of 40 mm saturatedTo put in an unsaturated section of the same width .It thus produces a variation of flux saturation and desaturation in 80mm wide at each switching .While in the first concept , there occurs a variation in flow of a section width , lower and unsaturated .On the other hand the effective diameter which is exerted on the potentially resistant couple is very low around 25 mm , while in the first concept it was at least 50mm .

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Small variation , using recycled materials .

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Back on the extreme simplification for the purpose of an embodiment of quantification .be noted that this functional representation ,the diameter of the rotor is equal to the width of the fixed magnets generating flow .poutant and the concept is still valid.

The latest version of the most successful in terms of yield switching is as follows ,

The number of magnets on the stator is minimized , switching is trres frankthe enrefers are important, of the order of 0.6 mm , this facilitates low industrial production series .

The pole pieces of lisages do not need a large air gap , also 0.6 mm .

Performance model is less optimal but it is easier to achieve

The magnetic circuit consists of two parts made of sheet stacking plate type of transformer , the primary forming of the rotor stator .And the second core of the coil , making the connection between the two horns of the circuit

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Here is the latest evolution of the generator switched flows,It can reverse the magnetic polarity of the flow in the lateral branches.The change in flux amounts to + / - 1 T, which is close to that obtainable in industrial machines.The rotor switches the flow of adjacent magnets, it allows us to think that the reaction does EMF will therefore not feel a strong couple.In the manner of experiments Thane Heins reaction EMF will exist but in no bearing on the issue area.

Another attempt to circumvent the EMFJohn Ecklin trying to develop a concept alternator whose moving part is not the magnets or coils .What is mobile the transmission medium is a magnetic flux , namely the laminated steel .The purpose of maneuver is to dodge the polar reaction on the moving part .A patent is visible at this address .

This drawing illustrates perfectly the operating mechanism , depending on the position , the magnetic flux ,passes through a path or another , which result in the induction in one direction or its reverse , the stator coils .The reaction EMF braking does not just speak on the rotor because the polarity is neutral to last .It only transmits or rather allow the passage of the product by the magnets themselves are fixed flow .It is possible to change the concept to achieve the creation of direct currents .The diagram below represents an embodiment makes this possible.

Both neodymium magnets provide the magnetic flux , Who will be channeled through the rotor.The coil is arranged so that such lines of flow going to cut the conductors ,the configuration is therefore very similar to the mechanism used in the reversible dynamo .The electromotive force create will be dependent on :1- the intensity of the magnetic field,2 , the length of the conductor cut by flux lines3 - The relative displacement speed between the flow and the conductors ( rotor angular speed ) .An animation will give a more accurate idea of how .

A most successful design of the magnetic circuit release will allow us to smooth the braking torque of the polar effect ,

The notches are always allocated more quark , the resistance on the maximum reluctance is lower.

For clarity on the desired phenomenon , here are two simulations,The first magnetic circuit is simplified in the linear , with the two lateral magnets ,The two " stator " up and down on which are wound coils recoveries , and finally the "rotor" magnetic steel in the center.

Notice the direction of the arrows in the "rotor" central pole piece magnetic loop flow .They are opposed to the direction of the arrows in the side pads .This is quite normal because the field through this issue to buckle .Let this second simulation , this time the two coils induced by the flow of a current debit magnets .Observe the direction of flow is reversed in that the central pole piece wraparound .

The "struggle" magnetic opposition is not between the moving parts "rotor" and " stator " but in the stator itself.The "rotor" takes the polarity imposed by the reaction stream EMF in the coils .There is every reason to believe that thanks to opposition movement , the load torque on the rotor of the induction will be close to zero.The rotor being natively without magnetic polarity , it adopts the most appropriate at the time "t" without qualms .__________________________________________________________________________________The hostility committed , I bought a motor recovery after a flat fan feet.

The object has already undergone some changes , it will continue by cutting the stator into two parts.Then the rotor will be planed , the circumference is interrupted by two dishes,faces will also be planed to remove the squirrel cage .

I still have to machine the rotor , wiring will begin.

Drawing of the overall shape of the alternator.

Zones 1 and 2 relates corresponds to points of braking and acceleration of the rotor ,We denote that if we chose the embodiment if below , consisting of two stator uninterrupted , disparaisses these areas.Link to the first video

The key image of this video is the following ,

This waveform represents the image of the current induced in the coils .There is a steep edge between two substantially square waveThe height of the square is amplified in proportion to the rotational speed of the rotor .This clearly indicates that the induction of such conductors cut by a stream , rather than induced coil.The plateau " square " represents the flow through passage of said conductor bundle ,the steep flank of the passage in the rotor shaft of the reel ,and again on square plate which completes the cycle by leaving the field in the second part of the coil.

Then the rounded part to zero giving the long portion or the rotor does that loop.Here is an animation which details ,

Réultats measuresThe conclusion ( not definitive ) that comes to mind is that the coils recovery depolarize the magnetic circuit.Indeed Lenz's law says that the electromotive force create, opposes the cause which gives rise to ,priori it is believed that when a North field approach the coil will produce a South field,This is absolutely true but add to that a concept of proportion ,which I think is important.When a stream enters a North coil it will produce a reverse field ,in exact proportion to the field at the center is zero ,Unlike " presence of field " , is not " the presence of a reverse field ," but " no field " .So the model of the alternator coils creates not reverse their field , but depolarization .In that the rotor which is not re - biased by the coil .Thus when entering the space defined by the magnetic coil , it is straddling an area ,magnetically polarized and unpolarized area that looks very close to a gap.therefore the rotor it will be attracted by the polarized area , the entered to this coil ,will be the center or neutral , but also to the output coil and the center will be at this time - polarized .The area to which the rotor as it will be this time depolarized .The unpolarized natively rotor will not undergo a re- polarization coil as I thought ,But behave like a normal object so permeating the natural tendency is to filled the void there or magnetic intensity is greatest.

The first way is thwarted phenomenon consists in the modification of the physical nature of the stator.The geometry model is adopted on the kind of smooth pole or pole hidden .This shape is perfect for a normal alternator.For our case a model with salient poles would be more suitable .The poles are as magnetic islands than the magnetic flux can not be more important before the pole at leastThe problem remains however to which is the distance from the rotor.Follow diagrams to clearly identify the problem.

The drawing above shows the physical phenomena encountered.The representation is linear for reasons of timeliness of the scheme.The coil is shown in orange , the rotor facing the magnetic field generated in the induction coil .Coil supplying a current is opposed to the presence of the field, the stator poles embraced by the coil,are depolarized because the coil will produce a field exactly opposite to his creative cause.However the poles of the stator not embraced lying before the coil , they are over- biased in some ways .The rotor is located between a strongly polarized and unpolarized area whose area is close to the magnetic permeability of air.The rotor is naturally attracted to the polarized and thus is prevented from entering the coil area.That is why the concept of reluctance generator , described in these pages does not work.

This new design type , salient pole , will work the same way at the inductionThe major difference is situated at the front pole, entering the center will create a depolarization certainly kissed style.However the front pole with very low permeability, the rotor will not undergo braking attraction.At the output of the cluster however there will be a major attraction retained the rotor minimum reluctance .Two assumptions are , or is removed from the coil current to the remoteness of the rotor or not .If you pull the current will be much higher if we do not draw current restraint.To go further we can imagine removing the current Lord of the rotor inlet in the coil,

Is going to cancel the attractive natural torque of the minimum reluctance poles embrace being depolarized ( permeability close to the air).The output of the pole will be done with the normal rupture magnetic circuit selected.One can imagine that this is some restraint being constant speed and current drawn from the input and not outputFrom a certain speed performance should be greater than 1.

Measurements and previous findings lead us to a new version of the alternator.

Four stator coils on the two recoveries , another side of the two inductions .The induction coils will bias the stator instead of the magnets.For this stator can not be cut to insert magnets .Current introduced in the induction coils is neglected for measurements , because later it will be more useful .

The first test of this version is shown major defaultfirstly for induction magnets identical bias current should be very important.Lord second point of the rotation of the rotor there occurred significant electric shock in the power of the bias circuit ,the return of EMF .I was constrained to disassemble and modify the stator previous experience for reuse in the new .The form is now as follows .

One pair of poles through which we will get induction on front came into synchronization.The sync output will not be used because it will increase the peel strength required to maintain the rotation.So if the conclusions issued by the first experiment are correct,We should have a zero force to the rotor whereas synchronization without current flow , the rotor is strongly attracted in the air gap ,and a breakout force constant spooling rotor because we recovered a current zero.The difficulty in the measurement will discern variations of speed,Since the driving force creating Lord synchronization without power will help the engine,This force helps the regime will probably disappear droppedThis droop is not of a pure braking and hard but a lack of support ,The distinction is subtle.Only the current measuring recovered vis-à -vis the current injected decide on the system efficiency.________________________________________________________________________________________

Here is that the project could become and achieve an industrial version .

audessus for mechanical

audessous for demonstration flows and coils.

Here is an animation of the sinusoidal progression towards polar geometric progression.

Slow speed version Version

Another embodiment of the coils below visible .

Industrially it will be imperative to cut the stator into two for this to be feasible.Contact me

Different ways to produce electricity

To produce electric current , it is possible to use different methods :

- The noblest , but also the most complicated, is the decomposition of the material into its basic elements,to recover electrons to be operated or stored in an electrochemical storage battery ( car battery ) .This method is used in the power cells , also called hydrogen batteries .

- The direct electrochemical reaction which comprises reactive elements each in contact with others,so that their transformation by chemical degradation can retrieve electrons.Operated or stored , this second method is similar to the first , but it is much easier to implement .This is the method which is used in the battery that is found in the trade .

- Photovoltaic reaction is commonly called solar energy.

- The magnetic or electromagnetic induction.

This last solution we are interested in on this site.This system has long been known ; the first dynamo in 1869 , invented by Belgian Zénobe Gram ,they produced the DC said, whose peculiarity is that it does not change polarity over time, the image of an electric battery .

Then come alternators , the function is essentially the same except that the generated electric current is called alternative .This means that the current polarity is reversed at regular intervals , the current plight of our outlets.

Both machines use the induction phenomenon.This is to add or remove a magnetic field within a coil of wire .

This discovery we owe to Faraday in 1831. It was he who made the first observations of the phenomenon, in collaboration with Ampere .

Zénobe Gram devised the first dynamo and later Tesla devised the first machines truly industrially exploitable ,with very significant developments in polyphase alternating currents.

The magic of magnets

Faraday was one of the first to observe that when approaching a magnet a coil of wire ,it was possible to recover an electrical current to the coil ends .

The magnetic induction had been discovered ,

The phenomenon is simple, when a magnet is moved in the axis of the coil ,an electric current path coil .According to that approach is that one or the magnet away from the coil, the induced current changes direction .The magnet may be replaced by an electromagnet.

An electromagnet is a magnet synthesis somehow. It consists of a core of magnetic metal , which is wound on the electric wire .Then the coil is supplied , by connecting its ends , on a current generator .

the metal ring acts as a magnet when the current passes through the wire .

Electromotive force against , as its name suggests, is against something.

In fact, it opposes the cause which gives birth.

When a magnet or an electromagnet with a coil is approached , it produces an electrical current, " reaction " in the coil ;this feedback current , which is the current used to operate for example a bulb , is against electromotive force .

The current "reaction" occurs, will oppose that gives birth ; how?Simply by creating a reverse polarity magnet producer.

Clearly, if a magnet whose polarity is north on approach to the coil , it will produce a synthesis magnet north polarity.Two magnets of the same polarity repel , so the coil will oppose the approach of the magnet.Just as when we go away magnet north polarity , the coil will produce a magnet south polarity, which will tend to attract the magnet is moved away from that .

This detail of nature prevents us from generating power without strength .

This is the only reason , the more current product , the longer it takes mechanical power to a generator or alternator turn .