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3931-49 :
eulav gnitaeh dna ytisned evitaleR
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noitallitsiD
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noitallitsiD
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tniop hsalF erusserp ropaV
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erutarepmeT noitingI-suoenatnopS
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)C( erutarepmet noitingiotuA )C( tniop hsalF 642 34-
012 26>
012 06>
022 27-83
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ytisocsiV
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)1(
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)2(
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enignE )RFC( hcraeseR leuF evitarepooC
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rebmun enatcO
)kconk(
. rebmun enatcO
)NOR( rebmun enatco hcraeseR
)NOM( rebmun enatco rotoM
xedni enatcO
ytivitisnes enatcO
3931-49 :
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sedarg lio leuF
9831-09
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noitacifissalc leuf teJ noitaivA
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noitacifissalC leuF leseiD
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sleuF eniraM) 1(
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sleuF eniraM) 2(
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noitamrof laoC
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sepyt laoC
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: 94-1393
(1)
[C]coal + O2 CO2
2[C]coal + O2 2 CO
[C]coal + CO2 2CO
[C]coal + 2H2 CH4
[C]coal + H2O CO + H2
CO+H2O CO2 + H2
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2 O
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)2(
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)3(
: 94-1393
Gasification & Gas cleaning
FT synthesis
FT product separation and
upgrading
Electric power generation
Coal Oxygen/steam Iron catalyst
H2+CO syngas
steam
Sulfur, Mercury, CO2 and ash
Electricity
Water And oxygenates
Ultra-clean Liquid fuels & chemical Feedstocks
CxHy Liquid & wax
steam Tail gas
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hcsporT-rehcsiF
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)GNL( saG larutaN deifeuqiL
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noitsubmoC
OC2+2OC2O2+C3
noitacifisaG
OC+2HO2H+C
noitcaer tfihs sag-retaW
2H+2OCO2H+OC
: 94-1393
Steam reforming Methane
CH4+H2O 3H2+CO (H298K= +97,400 Btu/lb)
General hydrocarbon CnHm+nH2O (n+m/2)H2+nCO
Reactions of carbon with steam CH4 2H2+C C+H2O H2+CO
Water-gas shift reaction CO+H2OCO2+H2 (H298K= -16,500 Btu/lb)
Partial Oxidation (POx)
2CH4+O2 4H2+2CO (H298K= -10,195 Btu/lb)
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srotcaer )T-F( hcsporT-rehcsiF
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snoitcaer )T-F( hcsporT-rehcsiF
: 94-1393
DME (Dimethyl Ether)
Coal
Natural Gas
Organic Waste H2+CO
Biomass
Gas
ific
atio
n
Wind Hydro Solar Wave
Nuclear
Elec
tric
ity
Water electrolysis
H2
DME
+CO
2
CO2 capture
: 94-1393
Property (unit/condition) DME Diesel fuel
Chemical formula CH3-O-CH3
Mole weight (g) 46.07 170
Boiling point (C) -24.9 180360
Liquid density (g/cm3) 0.668 0.84
Liquid viscosity (cP) 0.15 4.4-5.4
Low heat value (MJ/kg) 28.43 42.5
Ignition temperature (C) 235 250
Cetane number 55-60 40-55
Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (kg/kg) 9.0 14.6
%wt of carbon 52.2 86
%wt of hydrogen 13.0 14
% wt of oxygen 34.8 0
: 94-1393
H
Natural gas
Renewable electrolysis
Coal gasification
Renewable liquid reforming
Nuclear high temperature electrolysis
Photobiological
H
Compressed Hydrogen
Cryogenic liquid
Chemical storage in metal hydrates
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: 94-1393
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis Biomass Condensation
Char
Vapor
Combustion
Catalytic conversion to Hydrogen (Optional)
Liquids
Pow
er generatio
n o
r ch
em
ical sep
aration
Gases (H2, CO, CH4, C2H2, C2H4)
Heat
: 94-1393
Anaerobic digestion
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Sugars
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Carbon acids alcohols
Hydrogen Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia Acid acetic
Carbon dioxide hydrogen
Meth
ane
Carb
on
dio
xide
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sagoib
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yreniferoiB
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