J2S0-0437-01Z0(00)20137

FUJITSU SoftwareNetCOBOL V10.5

COBOL

NetCOBOL

NetCOBOL

http://software.fujitsu.com/jp/cobol/

HPHP-UXHewlett-Packard Company

Micro FocusMicro Focus COBOLMicro Focus COBOL/2Micro Focus International Limited

OracleJavaOracle Corporation

MicrosoftWindowsWindows ServerWindows VistaMSDNVisual Studio .NETMicrosoftCorporation

LinuxLinus Torvalds

UNIX

IntelItaniumIntel Corporation

Microsoft(R) Windows(R) operating system Version 3.1 Windows 3.1

Microsoft(R) Windows(R) 95 operating system Windows 95

Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Home Edition operating system

Microsoft(R) Windows(R) XP Professional operating system

Windows XP

Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Basic

Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Home Premium

Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Business

Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Enterprise

Microsoft(R) Windows Vista(R) Ultimate

Windows Vista

Windows(R) 7 Home Premium

Windows(R) 7 Professional

Windows(R) 7 Enterprise

Windows(R) 7 Ultimate

Windows 7

Windows 7(x64)

Windows(R) 8

Windows(R) 8 Pro

Windows(R) 8 Enterprise

Windows 8

Windows 8(x64)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Standard Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard Edition

Windows Server 2003

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http://software.fujitsu.com/jp/cobol/

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Standard x64 Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Standard x64 Edition

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003 R2, Enterprise x64 Edition

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003(x64)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Enterprise Edition for Itanium-basedSystems

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2003, Datacenter Edition for Itanium-basedSystems

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 (Itanium)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Foundation

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Standard

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Standard without Hyper-V(TM)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Enterprise

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Enterprise without Hyper-V(TM)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Datacenter

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 Datacenter without Hyper-V(TM)

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008(x64)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Foundation

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Standard

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Enterprise

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 R2 Datacenter

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008(x64)

Windows Server 2008 R2

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 (Itanium)

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2012 Datacenter

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2012 Standard

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2012 Essentials

Microsoft(R) Windows Server(R) 2012 Foundation

Windows Server 2012

FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85COBOL(COmmon BusinessOriented Language)

FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85NetCOBOL

NetCOBOL

NetCOBOL COBOL97 COBOL85

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FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85

FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85JISCOBOL(JIS X 3002-1992)FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85FUJITSUNetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85

JISCOBOL( )

FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85COBOL

1 COBOL

2 COBOL COBOL

3

4

5

6

7

8 SQL

9

10 Micro Focus Micro Focus

11

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A COBOL

B

C

D

E

F

G

COBOL12COBOL311

COBOL

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COBOL

VALULE IS -1

VALUE IS-1

VALUE IS "XXXX"

VALUE 12345

PICTURE

-1FILLER

ON SIZE ERROR -1

-1-1

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COMMON

INITIAL

COMMON INITIAL

INITIAL COMMON

-1-1

WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.

SECTION

FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85FUJITSU NetCOBOLFUJITSU COBOL97FUJITSU COBOL85

COBOL

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1985ANSI COBOL

NetCOBOLCOBOL97COBOL85

DS [DS] UXP/DS COBOL85 V20L11

HP [HP] HP-UX COBOL85 V20L11

Solaris [Solaris] Oracle Solaris NetCOBOL(32bit) V10

Solaris64 [Solaris64] Oracle Solaris NetCOBOL(64bit) V10

Win16 [Win16] Windows 95 COBOL85 V20L11

Windows 3.1 COBOL85 V20L11

Win32 [Win32] Windows XP NetCOBOL V10

Windows Vista NetCOBOL V10

Windows 7 NetCOBOL V10

Windows 8 NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2003 NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2008 NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2012 NetCOBOL V10

WinIPF [WinIPF] Windows Server 2003(Itanium) NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2008(Itanium) NetCOBOL V10

Winx64 [Winx64] Windows Server 2003(x64) NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2008(x64) NetCOBOL V10

Windows Server 2012 NetCOBOL V10

Windows 7(x64) NetCOBOL V10

Windows 8(x64) NetCOBOL V10

Linux [Linux] Red Hat(R) Enterprise Linux(R) 5(for x86) NetCOBOL V7.3L10

Red Hat(R) Enterprise Linux(R) 5(for Intel64) 32bit NetCOBOL V7.3L10

LinuxIPF [LinuxIPF] Red Hat(R) Enterprise Linux(R) 5(for Intel Itanium) NetCOBOL V10

Linux64 [Linux64] Red Hat(R) Enterprise Linux(R) 5(for Intel64) 64bit NetCOBOL V10

Red Hat(R) Enterprise Linux(R) 6(for Intel64) 64bit NetCOBOL V10

.NET [.NET] Windows 7 NetCOBOL for .NET V5.0

Windows 8 NetCOBOL for .NET V5.0

Windows Server 2008 R2 NetCOBOL for .NET V5.0

Windows Server 2012 NetCOBOL for .NET V5.0

E

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COBOL85BULLlibXpmCOBOL85

Copyright (c) 1989-94 GROUPE BULLPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentationfiles (the "software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software isfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions : The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,* FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRIGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL* GROUPE BULL BE LIABLE FORANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OROTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHERDEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.Except as contained in this notice, the name of GROUPE BULL shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promotethe sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from GROUPE BULL.

20137

Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 1992-2013

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COBOL(COnference on DAta SYstems Languages)

COBOLCOBOL

COBOL

FLOW-MATIC(),Programming for the Univac I and II,Data Automation Systems, 1958,1959,.

IBM Commercial Translator, F28-8013, IBM 1959,.

FACT, 27A5260-2760, 1960,.

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1 .........................................................................................................................................................................11.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................11.2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................2

1.2.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................31.2.2 COBOL.................................................................................................................................................................................5

1.2.2.1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................51.2.2.2 .............................................................................................................................................................................91.2.2.3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................91.2.2.4 .................................................................................................................................................................................11

1.2.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................111.2.3.1 .............................................................................................................................................................................111.2.3.2 .............................................................................................................................................................................121.2.3.3 16.....................................................................................................................................................................131.2.3.4 .........................................................................................................................................................................141.2.3.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................................15

1.2.4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................151.2.5 ........................................................................................................................................................................................161.2.6 .....................................................................................................................................................................171.2.7 PICTURE................................................................................................................................................................181.2.8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................18

1.3 .............................................................................................................................................................................181.3.1 .............................................................................................................................................................................181.3.2 .................................................................................................................................................................................181.3.3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................19

1.3.3.1 .........................................................................................................................................................191.3.3.2 .........................................................................................................................................................19

1.3.4 .........................................................................................................................................................................201.3.5 ......................................................................................................................................................................20

1.3.5.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................201.3.5.2 .............................................................................................................................................................................23

1.4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................241.4.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................241.4.2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................271.4.3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................281.4.4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................301.4.5 ........................................................................................................................................................................................311.4.6 .....................................................................................................................................................................311.4.7 ................................................................................................................................................................................32

1.5 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................321.5.1 1...................................................................................................................................................................................321.5.2 AB............................................................................................................................................................331.5.3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................341.5.4 ........................................................................................................................................................................................341.5.5 .................................................................................................................................................................................351.5.6 ..................................................................................................................................................................................361.5.7 ....................................................................................................................................................................................361.5.8 .....................................................................................................................................................................36

1.5.8.1 1............................................................................................................................................................................361.5.8.2 .................................................................................................................................................................................361.5.8.3 .....................................................................................................................................................................................361.5.8.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................................361.5.8.5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................37

1.6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................371.6.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................38

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2 COBOL..............................................................................................................................................................392.1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................39

2.1.1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................412.1.2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................412.1.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................................422.1.4 .................................................................................................................................................................................432.1.5 ........................................................................................................................................................................................442.1.6 ..................................................................................................................................................................472.1.7 ................................................................................................................................................................................472.1.8 ....................................................................................................................................................................................482.1.9 ............................................................................................................................................................482.1.10 .........................................................................................................................................................................482.1.11 ...............................................................................................................................................................49

2.2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................512.2.1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................512.2.2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................532.2.3 .........................................................................................................................................................................532.2.4 ...................................................................................................................................................................542.2.5 ........................................................................................................................................................................542.2.6 ................................................................................................................................................................542.2.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................................552.2.8 ................................................................................................................................................................................562.2.9 ...............................................................................................................................................................................572.2.10 .............................................................................................................................................................................572.2.11 .............................................................................................................................................................................57

2.3 ......................................................................................................................................................................582.3.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................582.3.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................................592.3.3 ..................................................................................................................................................................592.3.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................................602.3.5 ....................................................................................................................................................................................602.3.6 ................................................................................................................................................................602.3.7 ................................................................................................................................................................602.3.8 .........................................................................................................................................................................612.3.9 .................................................................................................................................................................................622.3.10 .......................................................................................................................632.3.11 .............................................................................................................................................................................64

2.4 ...................................................................................................................................................................................642.4.1 .................................................................................................................................................................................652.4.2 .................................................................................................................................................................................652.4.3 .................................................................................................................................................................................652.4.4 .................................................................................................................................................................................652.4.5 ...................................................................................................................................................................652.4.6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................65

2.4.6.1 SORT-STATUS...................................................................................................................................................................662.4.6.2 SORT-CORE-SIZE.............................................................................................................................................................66

2.5 ...............................................................................................................................................................................662.6 ..............................................................................................................................................................................67

2.6.1 .................................................................................................................................................................................682.6.2 ........................................................................................................................................................................692.6.3 .........................................................................................................................................................692.6.4 .........................................................................................................................................................................692.6.5 ................................................................................................................................................................................692.6.6 ...............................................................................................................................................................................70

2.7 ...............................................................................................................................................................................712.8 ...........................................................................................................................................................................73

2.8.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................73

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2.8.1.1 ..............................................................................................................................................................732.8.1.2 .............................................................................................................................................................................74

2.8.2 .....................................................................................................................................................................742.8.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................74

2.9 ............................................................................................................................................742.9.1 ...............................................................................................................................................................75

2.9.1.1 ...................................................................................................................................................752.9.1.2 ...................................................................................................................................................75

2.9.2 .........................................................................................................................................................................762.9.2.1 ...........................................................................................................................................762.9.2.2 ...........................................................................................................................................76

2.10 .............................................................................................................................................................................762.10.1 .........................................................................................................................................................................772.10.2 .............................................................................................................................................................................77

2.10.2.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................772.10.2.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................................77

3 .................................................................................................................................793.1 IDENTIFICATION DIVISION..........................................................................................................................79

3.1.1 PROGRAM-ID..........................................................................................................................................793.1.2 DATE-COMPILED........................................................................................................................................80

3.2 END PROGRAM....................................................................................................................................81

4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................824.1 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION................................................................................................................................824.2 CONFIGURATION SECTION.........................................................................................................................................82

4.2.1 SOURCE-COMPUTER..........................................................................................................................824.2.1.1 WITH DEBUGGING MODE.........................................................................................................................................83

4.2.2 OBJECT-COMPUTER...........................................................................................................................834.2.2.1 MEMORY SIZE..............................................................................................................................................................844.2.2.2 PROGRAM COLLATING SEQUENCE........................................................................................................................84

4.2.3 SPECIAL-NAMES.............................................................................................................................................854.2.3.1 -1..........................................................................................................................................................................854.2.3.2 -2..........................................................................................................................................................................884.2.3.3 -3..........................................................................................................................................................................894.2.3.4 ALPHABET.....................................................................................................................................................................894.2.3.5 CLASS.............................................................................................................................................................................914.2.3.6 CRT STATUS..................................................................................................................................................................924.2.3.7 CURRENCY SIGN.........................................................................................................................................................934.2.3.8 CURSOR.........................................................................................................................................................................934.2.3.9 DECIMAL-POINT IS COMMA.....................................................................................................................................944.2.3.10 POSITIONING UNIT....................................................................................................................................................944.2.3.11 PRINTING MODE........................................................................................................................................................954.2.3.12 SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS.......................................................................................................................................974.2.3.13 SYMBOLIC CONSTANT............................................................................................................................................97

4.3 INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.........................................................................................................................................984.3.1 FILE-CONTROL......................................................................................................................................98

4.3.1.1 ACCESS MODE..........................................1084.3.1.2 ALTERNATE RECORD KEY............................................................................................................1104.3.1.3 ASSIGN.....................................................................................................1114.3.1.4 ASSIGN...............................................................................................................................1124.3.1.5 ASSIGN................................................................................................................................................1134.3.1.6 DESTINATION...................................................................................................................................1134.3.1.7 END KEY.............................................................................................................................................1144.3.1.8 FILE STATUS.............................................1144.3.1.9 FORMAT..........................................................................................................................1154.3.1.10 GROUP...........................................................................................................................1164.3.1.11 LOCK MODE..........................................................................................116

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4.3.1.12 MESSAGE CLASS............................................................................................................................1174.3.1.13 MESSAGE CODE.............................................................................................................................1184.3.1.14 MESSAGE MODE.............................................................................................................................1194.3.1.15 MESSAGE OWNER..........................................................................................................................1194.3.1.16 MESSAGE SEQUENCE...................................................................................................................1204.3.1.17 ORGANIZATION..................................................................................................................................1214.3.1.18 ORGANIZATION..............................................................................................................................1214.3.1.19 ORGANIZATION..............................................................................................................................1214.3.1.20 ORGANIZATION........................................................................................................1224.3.1.21 PADDING CHARACTER.....................................................................................................................1224.3.1.22 PROCESSING CONTROL................................................................................................................1224.3.1.23 PROCESSING MODE.......................................................................................................................1234.3.1.24 PROCESSING TIME.........................................................................................................................1234.3.1.25 RECORD DELIMITER.........................................................................................................................1244.3.1.26 RECORD KEY...................................................................................................................................1244.3.1.27 RESERVE.........................................................................1254.3.1.28 SELECT.............................................................................1254.3.1.29 SELECT...........................................................................................................................1264.3.1.30 SELECTED FUNCTION...................................................................................................................1264.3.1.31 SESSION CONTROL........................................................................................................................1274.3.1.32 SYMBOLIC DESTINATION............................................................................................................1284.3.1.33 UNIT CONTROL...............................................................................................................................128

4.3.2 I-O-CONTROL.........................................................................................................................................1294.3.2.1 APPLY MULTICONVERSATION-MODE.......................................................................................1304.3.2.2 APPLY SAVED-AREA.......................................................................................................................1304.3.2.3 MULTIPLE FILE TAPE....................................................................................................1314.3.2.4 RERUN......................................................................................................1314.3.2.5 SAME.........................................132

5 ......................................................................................................................................................................1345.1 DATA DIVISION.............................................................................................................................................1345.2 ................................................................................................................................................................................137

5.2.1 BLOCK CONTAINS.................................................................1385.2.2 CODE-SET................................................................................................................................1395.2.3 CONTROL RECORDS...................................................................................................................................1395.2.4 DATA RECORDS............................................................................................1395.2.5 EXTERNAL........................................................1405.2.6 GLOBAL.............................................................1405.2.7 LABEL RECORDS....................................................................1415.2.8 LINAGE..........................................................................................................................................................1415.2.9 RECORD..........................................................................................................1435.2.10 RECORD...................................................................................................................................................1455.2.11 RECORD....................................................................................................................................................1465.2.12 REPORT.....................................................................................................................................................1465.2.13 VALUE OF...............................................................................147

5.3 ............................................................................................................................................................1475.4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................148

5.4.1 BLANK WHEN ZERO........................................................................................................................................................1515.4.2 CHARACTER TYPE...........................................................................................................................................................1515.4.3 EXTERNAL.........................................................................................................................................................................1555.4.4 GLOBAL..............................................................................................................................................................................1565.4.5 JUSTIFIED...........................................................................................................................................................................1575.4.6 OCCURS..............................................................................................................................................................................1585.4.7 PICTURE..............................................................................................................................................................................1605.4.8 PRINTING POSITION.........................................................................................................................................................1695.4.9 REDEFINES.........................................................................................................................................................................1695.4.10 RENAMES.........................................................................................................................................................................171

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5.4.11 SIGN...................................................................................................................................................................................1725.4.12 SYNCHRONIZED.............................................................................................................................................................1735.4.13 TYPE..................................................................................................................................................................................1745.4.14 TYPEDEF...........................................................................................................................................................................1755.4.15 USAGE...............................................................................................................................................................................1765.4.16 VALUE...............................................................................................................................................................................1825.4.17 BASED ON.........................................................................................................................................................................184

5.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................................1855.5.1 AUTO...................................................................................................................................................................................1875.5.2 BACKGROUND-COLOR...................................................................................................................................................1885.5.3 BELL....................................................................................................................................................................................1895.5.4 BLANK LINE.......................................................................................................................................................................1895.5.5 BLANK SCREEN................................................................................................................................................................1895.5.6 BLANK WHEN ZERO........................................................................................................................................................1905.5.7 BLINK..................................................................................................................................................................................1905.5.8 COLUMN NUMBER...........................................................................................................................................................1915.5.9 ERASE..................................................................................................................................................................................1915.5.10 FOREGROUND-COLOR..................................................................................................................................................1925.5.11 FULL..................................................................................................................................................................................1935.5.12 HIGHLIGHT......................................................................................................................................................................1935.5.13 JUSTIFIED.........................................................................................................................................................................1945.5.14 LINE NUMBER.................................................................................................................................................................1945.5.15 LOWLIGHT.......................................................................................................................................................................1955.5.16 PICTURE............................................................................................................................................................................1965.5.17 REQUIRED........................................................................................................................................................................1975.5.18 REVERSE-VIDEO.............................................................................................................................................................1975.5.19 SECURE.............................................................................................................................................................................1985.5.20 SIGN...................................................................................................................................................................................1985.5.21 UNDERLINE......................................................................................................................................................................1985.5.22 USAGE...............................................................................................................................................................................1995.5.23 VALUE...............................................................................................................................................................................199

5.6 .................................................................................................................................................................................2005.6.1 CODE....................................................................................................................................................................................2015.6.2 CONTROL............................................................................................................................................................................2025.6.3 PAGE....................................................................................................................................................................................202

5.7 .............................................................................................................................................................................2055.7.1 COLUMN NUMBER...........................................................................................................................................................2085.7.2 GROUP INDICATE.............................................................................................................................................................2085.7.3 LINE NUMBER...................................................................................................................................................................2095.7.4 NEXT GROUP.....................................................................................................................................................................2105.7.5 SIGN.....................................................................................................................................................................................2105.7.6 SOURCE...............................................................................................................................................................................2115.7.7 SUM......................................................................................................................................................................................2125.7.8 TYPE....................................................................................................................................................................................2135.7.9 USAGE.................................................................................................................................................................................2175.7.10 VALUE...............................................................................................................................................................................217

5.8 ......................................................................................................................................................................2185.8.1 ...............................................................................................................................................................2185.8.2 .......................................................................................................................................2195.8.3 ........................................................................................................................................2215.8.4 ...............................................................................................................................................................2215.8.5 ........................................................................................................................................2245.8.6 .......................................................................................................................................225

6 .....................................................................................................................................................................2276.1 PROCEDURE DIVISION................................................................................................................................2276.2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................231

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6.3 ...................................................................................................................................................................2336.3.1 ......................................................................................................................................................................................2336.3.2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................2356.3.3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................236

6.3.3.1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................2366.3.3.2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................2386.3.3.3 .......................................................................................................................................................................2396.3.3.4 ..............................................................................................................................................................2406.3.3.5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................2406.3.3.6 ...........................................................................................................................................................................2416.3.3.7 ................................................................................................................................................246

6.3.4 ...............................................................................................................................................................................2476.3.5 ...............................................................................................................................................................................2516.3.6 ......................................................................................................................................................................................2546.3.7 ....................................................................................................................................................2546.3.8 ROUNDED.......................................................................................................................................................................2546.3.9 ON SIZE ERROR.............................................................................................................................................................2556.3.10 CORRESPONDING.......................................................................................................................................................2566.3.11 ..................................................................................................................................................................2566.3.12 INVALID KEY...............................................................................................................................................................2566.3.13 AT END..........................................................................................................................................................................2576.3.14 ......................................................................................................................................................................258

6.4 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................2586.4.1 ACCEPT...................................................................................................................................................................2596.4.2 ACCEPT...................................................................................................................................................2606.4.3 ACCEPT...................................................................................................................2616.4.4 ADD..........................................................................................................................................................................2626.4.5 ALTER......................................................................................................................................................................2646.4.6 CALL...................................................................................................................................................2646.4.7 CANCEL.............................................................................................................................................2696.4.8 CLOSE................................................................2706.4.9 COMPUTE...............................................................................................................................................................2736.4.10 CONTINUE............................................................................................................................................................2746.4.11 DELETE.............................................................................................................................2746.4.12 DISPLAY................................................................................................................................................................2766.4.13 DISPLAY...............................................................................................................................................2776.4.14 DISPLAY................................................................................................................2786.4.15 DIVIDE...................................................................................................................................................................2806.4.16 ENTRY..............................................................................................................................................2826.4.17 EVALUATE...........................................................................................................................................................2836.4.18 EXIT.......................................................................................................................................................................2866.4.19 EXIT PERFORM....................................................................................................................................................2876.4.20 EXIT PROGRAM..............................................................................................................................2886.4.21 GENERATE...............................................................................................................................................2886.4.22 GO TO....................................................................................................................................................................2906.4.23 IF.............................................................................................................................................................................2906.4.24 INITIALIZE............................................................................................................................................................2926.4.25 INITIATE...................................................................................................................................................2946.4.26 INSPECT............................................................................................................................................................................2946.4.27 MERGE..........................................................................................................................................................3026.4.28 MOVE.....................................................................................................................................................................3066.4.29 MULTIPLY............................................................................................................................................................3076.4.30 OPEN..............................................................................................................3086.4.31 OPEN.........................................................................................................................................................3126.4.32 OPEN..........................................................................................................................................................3136.4.33 PERFORM..............................................................................................................................................................3136.4.34 READ.............................................................................................................321

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6.4.35 READ........................................................................................................................................................3276.4.36 RELEASE.......................................................................................................................................................3296.4.37 RETURN........................................................................................................................................................3296.4.38 REWRITE......................................................................................................3306.4.39 SEARCH.................................................................................................................................................................3336.4.40 SET.........................................................................................................................................................................3376.4.41 SORT..............................................................................................................................................................3396.4.42 START......................................................................................................................................................3436.4.43 START......................................................................................................................................................3456.4.44 STOP.......................................................................................................................................................................3496.4.45 STRING..................................................................................................................................................................3506.4.46 SUBTRACT............................................................................................................................................................3556.4.47 SUPPRESS.................................................................................................................................................3576.4.48 TERMINATE.............................................................................................................................................3576.4.49 UNLOCK........................................................................................................3586.4.50 UNSTRING............................................................................................................................................................3586.4.51 USE...................................................................3676.4.52 USE BEFORE REPORTING.....................................................................................................................3696.4.53 USE FOR DEAD-LOCK....................................................................................................................................................3706.4.54 WRITE..........................................................................................................................................................3716.4.55 WRITE...............................................................................................................................3756.4.56 WRITE......................................................................................................................................................378

6.5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................3796.5.1 ....................................................................................................................................................................3796.5.2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................3796.5.3 ............................................................................................................................................3806.5.4 ...................................................................................................................................................................................380

6.6 .................................................................................................................................................................................................3816.6.1 ACOS................................................................................................................................................................................3816.6.2 ADDR...............................................................................................................................................................................3826.6.3 ANNUITY........................................................................................................................................................................3826.6.4 ASIN.................................................................................................................................................................................3836.6.5 ATAN...............................................................................................................................................................................3846.6.6 CAST-ALPHANUMERIC...............................................................................................................................................3846.6.7 CHAR...............................................................................................................................................................................3846.6.8 COS...................................................................................................................................................................................3856.6.9 CURRENT-DATE............................................................................................................................................................3856.6.10 DATE-OF-INTEGER.....................................................................................................................................................3866.6.11 DAY-OF-INTEGER.......................................................................................................................................................3876.6.12 DISPLAY-OF.................................................................................................................................................................3876.6.13 FACTORIAL..................................................................................................................................................................3886.6.14 INTEGER.......................................................................................................................................................................3886.6.15 INTEGER-OF-DATE.....................................................................................................................................................3896.6.16 INTEGER-OF-DAY.......................................................................................................................................................3896.6.17 INTEGER-PART............................................................................................................................................................3906.6.18 LENG..............................................................................................................................................................................3906.6.19 LENGTH........................................................................................................................................................................3916.6.20 LOG................................................................................................................................................................................3926.6.21 LOG10............................................................................................................................................................................3926.6.22 LOWER-CASE...............................................................................................................................................................3936.6.23 MAX...............................................................................................................................................................................3936.6.24 MEAN.............................................................................................................................................................................3946.6.25 MEDIAN........................................................................................................................................................................3946.6.26 MIDRANGE...................................................................................................................................................................3956.6.27 MIN.................................................................................................................................................................................3956.6.28 MOD...............................................................................................................................................................................3966.6.29 NATIONAL....................................................................................................................................................................396

- xvi -

6.6.30 NATIONAL-OF.............................................................................................................................................................3976.6.31 NUMVAL.......................................................................................................................................................................3986.6.32 NUMVAL-C...................................................................................................................................................................3986.6.33 ORD................................................................................................................................................................................3996.6.34 ORD-MAX.....................................................................................................................................................................4006.6.35 ORD-MIN.......................................................................................................................................................................4006.6.36 PRESENT-VALUE........................................................................................................................................................4016.6.37 RANDOM.......................................................................................................................................................................4016.6.38 RANGE...........................................................................................................................................................................4026.6.39 REM................................................................................................................................................................................4036.6.40 REVERSE.......................................................................................................................................................................4036.6.41 SIN..................................................................................................................................................................................4046.6.42 SQRT..............................................................................................................................................................................4046.6.43 STANDARD-DEVIATION...........................................................................................................................................4056.6.44 STORED-CHAR-LENGTH...........................................................................................................................................4056.6.45 SUM................................................................................................................................................................................4066.6.46 TAN................................................................................................................................................................................4066.6.47 UCS2-OF........................................................................................................................................................................4076.6.48 UPPER-CASE................................................................................................................................................................4076.6.49 UTF8-OF........................................................................................................................................................................4086.6.50 VARIANCE....................................................................................................................................................................4086.6.51 WHEN-COMPILED.......................................................................................................................................................409

7 .................................................................................................................................................................4117.1 COPY...........................................................................................................................................................................................4117.2 REPLACE....................................................................................................................................................................................416

8 SQL.....................................................................................................................................................4188.1 SQL......................................................................................................................................................................418

8.1.1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................4188.1.2 ...............................................................................................................................................................................4188.1.3 COBOL .........................................................................................................................................418

8.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4198.2.1 SQL...................................................................................................................................................................4198.2.2 .........................................................................................................................................................................4198.2.3 .....................................................................................................................................................................4218.2.4 SQLSTATE/SQLCODE...........................................................................................................................................................4228.2.5 SQLMSG..................................................................................................................................................................................4228.2.6 SQLERRD................................................................................................................................................................................422

8.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4238.3.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4248.3.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................424

8.3.2.1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................4248.3.2.2 .......................................................................................................................................................................4258.3.2.3 ...........................................................................................................................................................425

8.3.3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................4268.3.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4278.3.5 ....................................................................................................................................................................4278.3.6 ......................................................................................................................................................................................4298.3.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................................4298.3.8 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4308.3.9 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................431

8.3.9.1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................4318.3.9.2 BETWEEN................................................................................................................................................................4328.3.9.3 IN...............................................................................................................................................................................4328.3.9.4 LIKE..........................................................................................................................................................................4338.3.9.5 NULL.........................................................................................................................................................................4338.3.9.6 ...........................................................................................................................................................................433

- xvii -

8.3.9.7 EXISTS......................................................................................................................................................................4348.3.10 ................................................................................................................................................................................4348.3.11 ........................................................................................................................................................................................434

8.3.11.1 FROM..........................................................................................................................................................................4358.3.11.2 WHERE.......................................................................................................................................................................4358.3.11.3 GROUP BY.................................................................................................................................................................4358.3.11.4 HAVING......................................................................................................................................................................436

8.3.12 ............................................................................................................................................................................4368.3.13 ................................................................................................................................................................................4368.3.14 ................................................................................................................................................................................4378.3.15 FOR.....................................................................................................................................................................................437

8.4 .............................................................................................................................................................................4388.5 ............................................................................................................................................................438

8.5.1 SELECT................................................................................................................................................................................4388.5.2 DELETE...................................................................................................................................................................4398.5.3 INSERT................................................................................................................................................................................4408.5.4 UPDATE...................................................................................................................................................................441

8.6 ................................................................................................................................................................4428.6.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................4428.6.2 OPEN....................................................................................................................................................................................4438.6.3 CLOSE..................................................................................................................................................................................4438.6.4 FETCH..................................................................................................................................................................................4448.6.5 DELETE............................................................................................................................................................4458.6.6 UPDATE.....................................................................................................................