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EMC Seminar Series All about EMC Testing and Measurement Seminar – 1 Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles Dr. LEUNG, Peter SaiWing 梁世榮 http://www ee cityu edu hk/ pswleung/ http://www .ee.cityu.edu.hk/~pswleung/ O i d b Organized by : Department of Electronic Engineering 1

Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

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Page 1: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

EMC Seminar Series

All about EMC Testing and Measurement Seminar – 1

Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesy p

Dr. LEUNG, Peter Sai‐Wing     梁世榮

http://wwwee cityu edu hk/ pswleung/http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~pswleung/

O i d bOrganized by :

Department of Electronic Engineering

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Page 2: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

l b lEElectroMMagnetic CCompatibility

The ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its environment without introducing i l bl   l i  i f   hi  intolerable electromagnetic interference to anything in that environment.

EMC = EME + EMI

EME=Electromagnetic Emission (Interference)EMI=Electromagnetic Immunity (Susceptibility)

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Page 3: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

EMCEMC…A complicated and difficult subject!!!!?

Talks in Order of Magnitudes Frequency from DC to daylightsq y y g magnitude µA ‐ kA; µV ‐MV works on dB for order of magnitude, and log scale in frequency

Different types of EMC requirements, methods, measurements Many different standardsy

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Page 4: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Sources of Emission / Noise/

Natural / man-made / intended emission!

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Couplingp g

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Page 6: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

ff f / i fEffects of EME/ EM interferenceEquipment to equipment Loss of data in digital systems or in transmission of data Interference to TV and radio reception Malfunction of medical electronic equipment Malfunction of automotive microprocessor control systems (braking) and 

navigation equipment Malfunction of critical process‐control functions (e.g. oil, chemical, airports 

railways) …….

Equipment to Human (Human Safety)  IEEE C95.1 ‐ Standard For Safety Levels  with Respect to Human Exposure to  

Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3KHz to 300GHz

ICNIRP ‐ Guidelines limiting exposure to time‐varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic fields (Up to 300 GHz).

Page 7: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

EME and EMI TestscEME and EMI Testsc

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Page 8: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Different characteristics of emissionsRadiated Emission‐

Far field radiation  near field radiation E field source  H field source

Conducted EmissionConducted Emission Different paths….dc port, power port, communication port

Electromagnetic Coupling

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Page 9: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

RE CE RI CIRE, CE,RI,CI

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Page 10: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

RE, CE, RI, CI, , ,

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Page 11: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

RE : 40 dBµV/m ~ 0.01V/m

CE : 60 dBµV/m   0 001V/m

Examples of some limits in Radiated EmissionCE : 60 dBµV/m ~ 0.001V/m

…from CISPR22

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Page 12: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

EMC‐ A reasonable good margin between RE and RI, for general consideration!!and RI, for general consideration!!

RI requirement ….3V/mRE : 40 dBµV/m   0 01V/mRE : 40 dBµV/m ~ 0.01V/m

CI  requirement ….3V

Examples of some limits in Radiated ImmunityCE : 60 dBµV/m ~ 0.001V/m

Examples of some limits in Radiated Immunity   …                                                                                                              from IEC 61000‐6‐1 for RCLI

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Page 13: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)

A transfer of electric charge A transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity orelectrostatic potential in proximity orthrough direct contact.

Effect:Cause damage to electronic equipment.

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Page 14: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)Hard failures (irreversibly)

• Junction burnout• IC metal burnout•Dielectric breakdown

Soft failures ( mainly digital circuits)Soft failures ( mainly digital circuits)Transient interference ( eg. Radio)

Logic errors, System resets, Lost data, Lost program flow

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Page 15: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

HUMAN BODY MODEL

LR

C VC

C = 50 to 250 pFR = 500 to 10k|VC| = 0 to 30kV ( above 30V will have corona effect )L = 50 - 200nH

First order model, TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT

EN 61000‐4‐2 Testing and measurement techniques –

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4 g qElectrostatic discharge immunity test

Page 16: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

DISCHARGE INTO AN IDEAL GROUND

L=100nHR=500

I

I

IC=300pF15kV I

t=0Ipk

t0~ 1nsI

kVApk

15500

30

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Page 17: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

ESD TestsESD Tests

Direct Application:Discharge Electrodes

Air Discharge (sparks) EUT

Contact Discharge EUT

……..different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact.

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p p y g

Page 18: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

ESD Generators

Some models can generate air‐or contact discharge up to 30kV.With different combination of With different combination of R‐C value for other applications…

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Page 19: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Fast Transient/BurstFast Transient/BurstElectrical Fast Transients  caused a spark in air or other gas ‐When a circuit is switched off, the current flowing is interrupted; large  di/dt is generated.  g p g g

Arcing between the contacts; first at a low voltage and high frequency; later at a higher voltage and lower frequency.

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Page 20: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Electrical Fast TransientElectrical Fast TransientElectrical Fast Transients  caused a spark in air or other gas ‐When a circuit is 

h d ff h fl d l d d dswitched off, the current flowing is interrupted; large  di/dt is generated.  

Arcing between the contacts; first at a low voltage and high frequency; later at a hi h   lt   d l  fhigher voltage and lower frequency.

IEC 61000‐4‐4    Electromagnetic IEC 61000‐4‐4    Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ‐ Part 4‐4: Testing and measurement techniques –Electrical fast transient/burst immunity testElectrical fast transient/burst immunity test.

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Page 21: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Fast Transient/BurstFast Transient/BurstElectrical Fast Transients  caused a spark in air or other gas ‐When a circuit is 

h d ff h fl d l d d dswitched off, the current flowing is interrupted; large  di/dt is generated.  

Arcing between the contacts; first at a low voltage and high frequency; later at a hi h   lt   d l  fhigher voltage and lower frequency.

Coupling of the EFT into electronic products  occurs when power cables handling high currents are run in close proximity to power  data  and/or I/O cableshigh currents are run in close proximity to power, data, and/or I/O cables.

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Page 22: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Surgeg Sudden rises in voltage and/or current 

to a connected load; standard household equipment can be damaged by surges of 500 volts or greater…. 

Indoors, caused by major equipment, such as your air conditioner switching on and off. 

Outdoors, they can be caused by incidents involving electric lines  power incidents involving electric lines, power equipment failures. Lightning in seasonal storms. 

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) —Part 4‐5: Testing and measurement  techniques  Surge 

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Testing and measurement  techniques — Surge immunity test

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Page 24: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Power frequency magnetic fieldq y gElectrical power lines, wiring, t f   d h h ld  li  transformers and household appliances …P   t ti  HV t f   Power stations, HV transformer builder, overhead cable, railways systemsystem….

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) —Part 4‐8: Testing and measurement 

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)  Part 4 8: Testing and measurement techniques — Power frequency magnetic field immunity test

Page 25: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

IHlA ' IdlHI10

rH

2law;sAmpere' IdlH

l mX1210

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) —Part 4‐8: Testing and measurement techniques — Power frequency magnetic field immunity test

Page 26: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Voltage dips short interruptionsVoltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variationsg Electrical equipment can be affected by voltage dips  short interruptions or voltage voltage dips, short interruptions or voltage variations of the power supply caused by faults in the network, in installations or by a faults in the network, in installations or by a sudden large change of load. 

El i   ibili  (EMC)  P    T i   d   

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) —Part 4‐11: Testing and measurement techniques —Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests

Page 27: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variationsand voltage variations

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Page 28: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

I i T lImmunity Test resultsCriterion Performance

A Normal performance, specified by manufacturerp , p y

BTemporary loss of function or performance degradation during test. EUT it f ith t i t tiEUT recovers its performance without intervention

CTemporary loss of function or degradation (requiring intervention)Temporary loss of function or degradation (requiring intervention)

DLoss of function or degradation unrecoverableLoss of function or degradation unrecoverable

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Page 29: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Summary

Some concept and fundamentals on EMC.RE  RI  CE  DI  ESD  FT & S  H Fi ld  V lt   RE, RI, CE, DI, ESD, FT & S, H‐Field, Voltage Dip.

El i   ibili  (EMC)  P    T i   d   

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) —Part 4‐11: Testing and measurement techniques —Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests

Page 30: Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principlesemc/20140823P1.pdf · Fundamentals of EMC Theory and Principles ... Electrical Fast Transients caused a spark in air or other gas ... Testing

Thank You!!

Peter Sai‐Wing  LEUNG, 梁世榮

http://www ee cityu edu hk/ pswleung/http://www.ee.cityu.edu.hk/~pswleung/

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