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FUNERALS & MEMORIALSFUNERALS & MEMORIALS
US Army Chaplain Center & School (USACHCS)
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This training product is dedicated to the memory of
CHAPLAIN (COLONEL) DAVID L. (“Pilgrim”) HOWARD15 June 1948 - 28 January 1997
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Beloved…
ChaplainRangerSoldierHusbandFatherBrotherFriend
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MISSIONMISSION
CHAPLAIN ASSISTANT’S ROLECHAPLAIN ASSISTANT’S ROLE
CHAPLAIN’S DUAL ROLESCHAPLAIN’S DUAL ROLES
DEATH NOTIFICATIONDEATH NOTIFICATION
GRIEF PROCESSGRIEF PROCESS
PLANNING THE FUNERALPLANNING THE FUNERAL
MILITARY HONORS FUNERALSMILITARY HONORS FUNERALS
MEMORIAL SERVICEMEMORIAL SERVICE
SERVICE vs CEREMONYSERVICE vs CEREMONY
MEMORIAL CEREMONYMEMORIAL CEREMONY
EMERGENCY BURIALSEMERGENCY BURIALS
APPENDIXAPPENDIX
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TRAINING OBJECTIVESTRAINING OBJECTIVES
CIVILIAN CLERGYCIVILIAN CLERGY
JEWISH SERVICEJEWISH SERVICE
CATHOLIC SERVICECATHOLIC SERVICE
THE FLAGTHE FLAG
CREMATIONCREMATION
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TRAINING OBJECTIVES
Terminal Learning Objective (TLO):
Review chaplain duties at military funerals, memorial ceremonies, and memorial services in field or garrison.
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Training Objectives - continued
Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) 1: Perform memorial services & ceremonies.
ELO2: Conduct a funeral service with full honors for a cremation.
ELO3: Review requirements for various types of wartime burials.
MISSION
Honoring the dead is one of the most critical and visible tasks that you and your chaplain assistant will perform as a Unit Ministry
Team (UMT). It is the very heart and soul of the Army Chaplaincy.
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Mission - cont’d
Honoring the dead highlights the chaplain's primary roles during: military funerals, memorial services, and ceremonies to ensure that they are done with dignity, professionalism, and spiritual sensitivity.
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Each duty has specific responsibilities in funerals and memorials
Each duty has specific responsibilities in funerals and memorials
CLERGY STAFF
CHAPLAIN’S TWO-FOLD ROLE
Every chaplain has a TWO-FOLD role as clergy and staff officer.
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CLERGY DUTIES
As CLERGY the chaplain is responsible for the religious aspects of the funeral service.
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STAFF DUTIES
As SPECIAL STAFF OFFICER the chaplain will PERFORM the chaplain’s portion of the military honors.
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THE ROLE OF THE CHAPLAIN ASSISTANT
Consults local SOPs and regulations.
Prepares and ensures accuracy of bulletins
Arranges chapel IAW the chaplain’s guidance.
Liaison with command, chapel staff, and funeral detail.
Assignment of Duty
The chaplain assigned to funeral duty by the Installation Chaplain’s Office (using a funeral roster).
After being assigned, the chaplain contacts: Next higher UMT Unit Command Casualty Assistance Officer
NCO (CAO/NCO) Honor Guard Funeral Director Immediate Family
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Death Notification Process
The chaplain should never BE the notification officer.
This would hinder ministry to the bereaved.
The chaplain ACCOMPANIES the Notification Officer as part of the team. This benefits the team members and the bereaved alike.
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The Grief Process(Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross)
Persons in grief usually go through certain stages:
• Denial
• Anger
• Bargaining
• Depression
• Acceptance
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The Grief Process - cont’d
DENIAL: Refusal to believe the loved one is gone.
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The Grief Process - cont’d
ANGER: Often directed toward God, and caregivers (doctors, family, etc.) who “could have saved” the deceased.
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The Grief Process - cont’d
BARGAINING: Trying to make a deal with God to make the death not be true. This sort of “magical thinking” is very much like denial.
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The Grief Process - cont’d
DEPRESSION: This may include a sense that one’s own identity has been lost if one’s perception of self is tied to the dead person. Depression sometimes leads to suicide.
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The Grief Process - cont’d
ACCEPTANCE: The person has finally “come to grips” with the loss of the loved one. Life is able to “go on”, different, but enjoyable in a new way.
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Planning the Funeral
The primary responsibility for planning the funeral rests with the Next-of-Kin (NOK).
The chaplain makes every effort to comply with family desires, as regulation and protocol permit.
If the family requests military honors, either military or civilian clergy may conduct them.
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When Civilian Clergy Officiates
The chaplain may
Assist in conducting the funeral service.
Act as an escort.
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FUNERAL PROCEDURES
Chapel Service
Graveside Service
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All Military Face the Casket and Salute:
At the sound of Honors. While the casket is
moved.
During cannon salutes.
During the firing of
volleys.
While Taps is played.
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FULL MILITARY HONORSMilitary Funeral
Includes at least (depending on resources available):
Flag draped over casket or with an urn
Bugler (for Taps) Military Pallbearers Firing Party Military Chaplain Escort appropriate to the
grade of the deceased
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Arrival of the Casket
Funeral OIC/NCOIC checks casket for proper placement of flag.
Blue field covers area over deceased’s left shoulder.
The chaplain stands curbside and salutes as the casket passes by on, and is removed from, the hearse.
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SYMBOL KEY
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Seating of Family Members
Family members sit in chairs /pews on the right front of the chapel.
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Entering the Chapel - Chaplain Leads
The chaplain leads the procession into the chapel by walking slowly and reverently in front of the casket.
Funeral Pall (if used) is placed on the casket.
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Entering the Chapel - Pallbearers
The pallbearers position the casket according to the chaplain's instructions.
If civilian ushers take the casket to and from the altar, pallbearers remain in the narthex or foyer. Pallbearers who are friends of the family will move into the pews or chairs to the left.
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Inside ChapelUniforms and Vestments
The chaplain may wear appropriate denominational vestments or uniform.
Other soldiers wear EMPTY pistol belts.
Fulfills the requirement to be “under arms”
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Order of Funeral Service
The Order of Service is according to:
The desires of the
Next-of-Kin.
The family’s faith
tradition.
The chaplain’s
religious orientation.
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Processional from the Chapel
The chaplain leads the procession out of the chapel.
Two pallbearers turn the casket.
The chaplain stops in the Narthex to face the casket.
If a funeral pall is used, the pallbearers will place the flag on the casket.
The chaplain leads casket out of the chapel and stands curbside.
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Casket Placed in Hearse/Caisson
Casket placed in hearse/caisson.
Chaplain and Funeral OIC/NCOIC stand at attention and salute casket.
If wearing vestments, the chaplain may change into uniform prior to graveside service.
Chaplain joins official party at grave site.
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Processional from ChapelArlington National Cemetery
Colors (SGM and above) Caisson (SGM and above) Caparisoned Horse (COL or Above) Honorary Pallbearers (if requested by
the family) Army Band (Full band -
All Warrant Officers & All Commissioned Officers; Bugler and Drummers -SGM)
Cannon Volleys (Major General and above)
Personal Colors (Major General and above)
Honor Guard Escort (SGM and above)
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*If authorized
Order of Processional to Graveside
Funeral escort commander Army band* Colors* Honorary pallbearers Clergy Hearse or Caisson Pallbearers Personal flag* Caparisoned Horse* Family Friends
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Processional to Cemetery
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At the Gravesite
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At the CemeteryCurbside
Chaplain and the OIC/NCOIC arrive early and stand at the curbside to await the arrival of the casket.
The casket is saluted as it arrives.
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At the CemeteryGreeting the Family
If the chaplain's first meeting with the family is at the cemetery, condolences may be offered at this time.
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At Committal Site
Chaplain salutes as Hearse/Caisson passes.
Chaplain comes to “Order Arms” and takes a position in front of the casket.
Chaplain leads the processional to the grave site.
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Chaplain’s Position for Committal Service
Chaplain stands at the head of the casket facing the deceased’s family members and the casket (side with blue field of the flag).
Chaplain may wear head covering at the ceremony.
If the chaplain removes head covering, so should all other military personnel, except the official participants.
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Jewish Services
When the officiating chaplain is a rabbi and wears a yarmulke (Jewish skull cap), all personnel remain covered.
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Position of Pallbearers at Committal Service
Once the casket is placed
on lowering device:
The pallbearers remain facing the casket, holding flag raised in a horizontal position, waist high.
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The Committal Service
Brief committal service with selected readings and prayer.
The religious portion of graveside service at the discretion of the officiating chaplain's faith practice.
Contact a local religious leader for religious practices outside your faith group.
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Catholic Committal Services
If holy water or ashes are to be used during the Catholic committal service, the chaplain tells the pallbearers prior to the service.
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Conclusion of Graveside Service
The chaplain gives a prearranged signal to Funeral OIC/NCOIC to alert the official party that religious portion of service is completed.
Funeral OIC/NCOIC begins military honors with:
The firing of volleys
Sounding of Taps
Folding of the flag
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Pallbearers raise the flag and hold it over the casket in a horizontal position, waist high, until Taps is sounded. Do not let the flag touch the casket. Fold theflag, using the steps below:
1. Fold the lower, striped section of the flag over the blue field.
FOLDED EDGE
2. Fold the folded edge over to meet the open edge.
OPEN EDGE
FOLDED EDGE
FOLDING THE FLAG
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5. Continue folding until the entire length of the flag is folded into a triangle with only the blue field and margin showing.
6. Tuck the remaining margin into the pocket formed by the folds at the blue edge of the flag.
3. Start a triangular fold by bringing the striped corner of the folded edge to the open edge.
OPEN EDGEFOLDED EDGE
4. Fold the outer point inward, parallel with the open edge to form a second triangle.
7. Be sure the flag resembles a cocked hat.
FOLDING THE FLAG - cont’d
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Presenting the Flag
Decide who is to present the flag before the ceremony.
Traditionally, either the chaplain or the Funeral OIC/NCOIC presents the flag to the Next Of Kin (NOK).
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Presenting the Flag - cont’d
Presenter's position is behind and within five feet of OIC/NCOIC.
The flag is folded and passed to the Funeral OIC/NCOIC.
The Funeral OIC/NCOIC inspects proper folding of flag.
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Proper Transfer of the Flag
The chaplain receives the flag by...
Placing the right hand under the flag and left hand on top of the flag.
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After the Transfer of the FlagFuneral OIC/NCOIC Actions
After transferring the flag to chaplain or presenter, the Funeral OIC/NCOIC salutes for approximately three seconds and executes “About Face.”
If funeral OIC/NCOIC or chaplain is not pleased with appearance of flag, with permission from the NOK, pallbearers may step to the side and refold flag.
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Passing the Flag to the Next-of-Kin (NOK)
The flag is presented to Next-of- Kin with the long side facing the recipient.
The Next-of-Kin is told: "This flag is presented on behalf of a grateful nation as a token of our appreciation for the honorable and faithful service rendered by your loved one. (Or use the deceased person’s name)"
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After Presentation of the Flag to the Next-of-Kin
The chaplain or presenter:
Steps back one pace.
Salutes the flag slowly, holding the salute for at least three seconds.
The chaplain may share words of comfort with the family.
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Chaplain’s Military Bearing
The chaplain may be senior military representative present and MUST:
Exhibit military bearing.
Ensure proper ceremonial movements and appearance in accordance with the highest tradition of Army excellence.
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Cremated RemainsTransfer to the Committal Site
The pallbearer carrying the folded flag will be to the RIGHT of the cremated remains.
The chaplain will always lead the flag and cremated remains into chapel and committal site.
The processional to the committal site may include four pallbearers as escorts.
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Cremated RemainsPlacement for Funeral Service
Cremated remains are placed to the LEFT of the folded flag.
If two pallbearers are walking to committal site, they will be joined by the four additional pallbearers.
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Cremation ServiceInterment of Remains
When cremated remains are temporarily interred at a crematory:
Military honors will consist of only the pallbearers.
Firing of volleys and sounding of Taps are conducted at discretion of the OIC/NCOIC.
The firing of volleys and sounding of Taps take place when remains are interred permanently at the Columbarium or Cinerarium vault.
Consult local religious leaders for guidance concerning cremation practices of other religious groups.
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Fraternal/Sororal or Patriotic Organizations
Fraternal/sororal/patriotic organizations may participate in services IAW the wishes of the family.
However, under no circumstances will fraternal organizations override chaplain's denominational practice or the military portion of ceremony.
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Memorial Services and Ceremonies
Memorial Services - Religious in nature. Voluntary attendance. The officiating chaplain should represent the same faith group as the deceased. Rites and sacraments are guided by the deceased soldier's faith group
Memorial Ceremony - Command patriotic ceremony. Mandatory attendance.
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Local SOPs
The Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):
Help the officiating chaplain plan Services or ceremonies.
Describe the chaplain’s (and UMT’s) responsibilities.
Specify Commander/Unit /1SG responsibilities.
List administrative procedures.
Explains sequence of events.
Suggests memorial displays.
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During Military Operations
Circumstances and tactical situation determine the length and order of memorial services and ceremonies.
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Memorial (Religious) Service - Order of Service
Prelude Invocation Scripture Reading Meditation Prayer Silent Tribute Last Roll Call Taps Benediction
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Memorial (Command) Ceremony
Memorial CEREMONIES are NOT religious. Therefore:
Altar setting in the chapel is neutral.
Remove all religious symbols from the chapel/area.
Religious vestments are not worn.
Religious language specific to any one faith group is prohibited.
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BRIGADE CHAPEL #1
Monday, 1400 Hours, 10 June 19XX
IN MEMORY OF(Name of Deceased)
X Company
FIRST BASIC COMBATTRAINING BRIGADEFORT XX, XXXXXXX
(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)
Memorial Ceremony Bulletin
Posting of colors National Anthem Invocation Commander's remarks Memorial tribute, Biography/Service Record Silent tribute Last Roll Call Taps Firing of volleys Retiring of colors
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“The Last Roll Call”
An Army tradition that vividly portrays absence of a fallen soldier and the unit's sense of loss.
Soldiers’ names are called, including deceased’s name.
Usually not used when family is present due to traumatic effect.
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Emergency Wartime Burial
Remains of the deceased in wartime are usually returned to the home of record. However, on rare occasions, an emergency wartime burial may be necessary.
It is essential, especially in the stress of imminent battle, that the chaplain conduct wartime burials with dignity and care.
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Emergency Wartime Burial - cont’d
Emergency wartime burials may include:
Group burials Emergency/hasty burial Trench burial Unidentified dead Burial of contaminated remains
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Emergency Wartime BurialsHasty Burials
Remains placed in east/west direction with the feet toward the east.
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Make every effort to find a chaplain of the dying soldier’s faith.
Prayers when a chaplain of the soldier’s faith is unavailable May be offered by anyone, including:
chaplain assistant, commanding officer, platoon leader, or another soldier in order to comfort the dying soldier.
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Emergency Baptisms: Respect the different forms of baptism and the desires of the person being baptized.
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Prayers Last Requests
Christian
• Catholic
–Hail Mary
–Act of Contrition
–Sign of the Cross
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Prayers Last Requests
Christian
• Protestant
–The Lord’s Prayer
–The Apostle’s Creed
–Prayer for the Sick and Wounded
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Prayers Last Requests
Christian
• Orthodox
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Prayers Last Requests
Jewish• THE SHEMA• THE CONFESSION OF THE
CRITICALLY ILL• THE 23RD PSALM
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
Prayers Last Requests
Moslem
• The Shahada
• Prayers for the Dying
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APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying
APPENDIXMemorial Prayers
Sample Prayers for Memorial Services
May be said by anyone in the absence of the chaplain
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APPENDIXMemorial Prayers
Catholic Protestant Eastern Orthodox
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Jewish
Moslem
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APPENDIXMemorial Prayers
APPENDIXReferences
DOD Form 1380, Field Medical Card AR 165-1, Chaplain Activities in the Army AR 290-5, Army National Cemeteries AR 600-10, The Army Casualty System AR 600-25, Salutes, Honors, and Visits of Courtesy AR 638-30, Graves Registration Organization and Functions in Support of Major Military
Operations AR 639-1, Disposition of Personal Effects of Deceased and Missing Persons AR 638-40, Care and Disposition of Remains AR 840-10, Flags, Guidons, Streamers, Tabards, Automobile, and Aircraft Plates FM 3-87, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC) Reconnaissance and Decontamination
Operations FM 10-57F, Soldier’s Manual, 57F, Graves Registration Specialist FM 10-63, Handling of Deceased Personnel in Theaters of Operations FM 10-63-1, Graves registration Handbook FM 12-50, Army Bands FM 16-1, Religious Support FM 22-5, Drill and Ceremonies FM 22-100, Military Leadership FM 100-10, Combat Service Support TC 16-2, Religious Support to Casualties, Memorial and Funeral Services DA Pam 1-1, State, Official, and Special Military Funerals Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth, On Death and Dying, MacMillan, NY, NY, 1969
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