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SSC-1651 KweZvÑ119
fviZP›`ª ivqMyYvKi gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
Rxebvb›` `vk
RmxgD`&`xb
diiæL Avng` Avnmvb nvexe
kvgmyi ivngvb
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq
ˆmq` kvgmyj nK
wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y
KweZvÑ120 SSC-1651
mvnvh¨ ev mnvqZvi Rb¨ civgk© wbbÑ
Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uv‡ii †Kvm© wUDUi
W. †gv. †P½xk Lvb
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK (evsjv), I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
B‡gBj: [email protected]
Ges
†g‡nixb gybRvixb iZœv
mnKvix Aa¨vcK (evsjv), I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
B‡gBj: [email protected]
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ121
Avgvi mšÍvb
fviZP› ª ivqMyYvKi
Aóv`k kZvãxi †kÖô evOvwj Kwe I g½jKv‡e¨i me©‡kl Kwe fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi 1712 mv‡j ûMwj †Rjvi fziïU
ciMbvi †cu‡ov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv b‡i›`ªbvivqY ivq fziïU ciMbvi Rwg`vi wQ‡jb, wKš‘ ea©gv‡bi
ivRvi m‡½ g‡bvgvwjb¨ nIqvq ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q mcwiev‡i fviZP‡›`ªi gvgvevwo‡Z P‡j Av‡mb| †mLv‡b †_‡KB
fviZP›`ª gvÎ Kzwo eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ ms¯‹…Z e¨vKiY, Awfavb I dviwm fvlvq ey¨rcwË jvf K‡ib| Rxe‡bi eû
DÌvb-cZ‡bi ci fviZP›`ª b`xqvi K…òbMi ivRcwiev‡i AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib I mfvKwe nb| ivRv K…òP‡›`ªi
Av‡`‡k wZwb Zuvi †kÖô Kve¨ ÔAbœ`vg½jÕ iPbv K‡ib Ges ivqMyYvKi †LZve cvb| ms¯‹…Z, Aviwe, dviwm I
wn› y Ívwb fvlvi wgkÖ‡Y bZzb GK evMfw½ Ges Zv‡Z kã, Q›` I Aj¼vi cÖ‡qvM wQj Zuvi Kv‡e¨i ˆewkó¨|
iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Kve¨‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb ÔivRK‡Éi gwYgvjvÕi m‡½| wZwb 1760 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib Ges Zuvi
g„Zz¨i ga¨ w`‡q evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i ga¨hy‡Mi cwimgvwß N‡U|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
mZ¨cx‡ii cuvPvjx, imgÄix, Abœ vg½j, bvMvóK, M½vóK, PÐxbvUK|
ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvwU Avãyj nvB I Av‡bvqvi cvkv m¤úvw`Z Ôgvbwmsn-fevb›` DcvL¨v‡bÕi ÔAbœ`vi fevb›`
fe‡b hvÎvÕ KweZvi m¤úvw`Z Ask ÔAbœ`vg½jÕ Kv‡e¨i Askwe‡kl| wbR ¯^v_© D‡cÿv K‡i mšÍvb Z_v mvaviY
gvby‡li Kj¨vY Kvgbvi wPišÍb gvbwmKZvi welqwU gyL¨ n‡q G KweZvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KweZvwU‡Z ga¨hy‡Mi †kl
c‡e©i fvlv-ˆewkó¨ we‡klfv‡e jÿYxq| ga¨hy‡Mi mvgvwRK cÖ_v, ms¯‹vi, †cŠivwYK PwiÎ BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf
Kiv hv‡e GB KweZvi gva¨‡g| †`exKZ©„K f³Ky‡ji g‡bvevÃbv c~i‡Yi aib Ges iƒc‡Ki gva¨‡g mg Í evOvwj
mšÍv‡bi myL ¯v”Q‡›`¨i Avkxe©v‡`i welqwU wbc yYfv‡e Dc ’vwcZ n‡q‡Q GB KweZvq|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
cyi‡bv evsjv KweZvi fvlv-ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†`ex Abœc~Y©v Avi Ck¦ix cvUzbxi Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
ÔAvgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡a-fv‡ZÕ ÑDw³wUi †cÖÿvcU eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ122 SSC-1651
Abœc~Y©v DËwijv Mvw½bxi Zx‡i|
cvi Ki ewjqv WvwKjv cvUzbx‡i \
†mB Nv‡U †Lqv †`q Ck¦ix cvUzbx|
Z¡ivq Avwbj †bŠKv evgv¯^i ïwb \
Ck¦ix‡i wRÁvwmj Ck¦ix cvUybx|
GKv †`wL Kzjea~ †K eU Avcwb \
cwiPq bv w`‡j Kwi‡Z bvwi cvi|
fq Kwi wK Rvwb †K w`‡e †didvi \
Ck¦ix‡i cwiPq K‡nb Ck¦ix|
eySn Ck¦ix Avwg cwiPq Kwi \
we‡kl‡Y mwe‡kl Kwnev‡i cvwi|
Rvbn ¯vgxi bvg bvwn a‡i bvix \
... ... ...
cvUzbx ewj‡Q gv †Mv ïb wb‡e`b|
†muDZx Dc‡i ivL I iv½v PiY \
cvUzbxi ev‡K¨ gvZv nvwmqv Aš ͇i|
ivwLjv `yLvwb c` †muDZx Dc‡i \
... ... ...
†muDZx‡Z c` †`ex ivwL‡Z ivwL‡Z|
†muDZx nBj †mvbv †`wL‡Z †`wL‡Z \
†mvbvi †muDZx †`wL cvUzbxi fq|
G Z †g‡q †g‡q bq †`eZv wbðq \
Zx‡i DËwij Zix Zviv DËwijv|
c~e©gy‡L my‡L MRMg‡b Pwjjv \
†muDZx jBqv e‡ÿ Pwjjv cvUzbx|
wc‡Q †`wL Zv‡i †`ex wdwiqv Avcwb \
mf‡q cvUzbx K‡n P‡ÿ e‡n Rj|
w`qvQ †h cwiPq †m eywSby Qj \
†ni †`L †muDZx‡Z _y‡qwQjv c`|
Kv‡Vi †muDZx †gvi ˆnjv Aóvc` \
Bnv‡Z eywSby Zzwg †`eZv wbðq|
`qvq w`qvQ †`Lv †`n cwiPq \
Zc Rc Rvwb bvwn a¨vb Ávb Avi|
Z‡e †h w`qvQ †`Lv `qv †m †Zvgvi \
†h `qv Kwij †gvi G fvM¨ D`q|
†mB `qv ˆn‡Z †gv‡i †`n cwiPq \
QvovB‡Z bvwi †`ex Kwnjv nvwmqv|
KwnqvwQ mZ¨ K_v eySn fvweqv \
Avwg †`ex Abœc~Y©v cÖKvk Kvkx‡Z|
ˆPÎ gv‡m †gvi c~Rv ïK¬ Aógx‡Z \
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ123
KZ w`b wQby nwi‡nv‡oi wbev‡m|
Qvwojvg Zvi evwo K›`‡ji Îv‡m \
fevb›` gRy›`vi wbev‡m iwne|
ei gvM g‡bvbxZ hvnv Pvn w`e \
cÖYwgqv cvUzbx Kwn‡Q †Rvo nv‡Z|
Avgvi mš Ívb †hb _v‡K `y‡a fv‡Z \
Z_v¯‘ ewjqv †`ex w`jv ei`vb|
`y‡a fv‡Z _vwK‡eK †Zvgvi mš Ívb \
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Abœc~Y©vÑ Abœ vÎx; †`ex `yM©v| Aóvc`Ñ †mvbv; ¯Y©| DËwijvÑ Dcw ’Z n‡jb| K›`jÑ SMov| Kwn‡QÑ e‡j‡Q|
KvkxÑ Zx_© ’vb; cyY¨ ’vb| Kzjea~Ñ M„nea~| †LqvÑ †bŠKv| MRMg‡bÑ n Íxi b¨vq axi I MyiyM¤¢xi Pjb| Mvw½bxiÑ
b`xi| QjÑ Qjbv| Z_v¯‘Ñ wVK Av‡Q| Z¡ivqÑ ZvovZvwo; `ªyZ| _y‡qwQjvÑ †i‡LwQ‡j| `y‡a fv‡ZÑ †Kv‡bv Afv‡e
bv _vKv| wbevmÑ evm¯’vb; Avevm| cvUzbxÑ †LqvNv‡Ui gvwS| †didviÑ QjvKjv; †Nvicu¨vP| eUÑ ej| ei`vbÑ
Avkxe©v`| evgv¯iÑ ¿xKÉ; †g‡q‡`i Kɯi| gvMÑ cÖv_©bv Kiv| ïé Aógx- wZw_i bvg; ïK¬ c‡ÿi Aóg ivZ|
†muDZxÑ †bŠKvi cvwb †mPevi Rb¨ e¨eüZ cvÎ| †niÑ †`L| ˆnjvÑ n‡jv|
mvims‡ÿc :
Abœc~Y©v A_©vr †`ex ` yM©v M„nea~i †e‡k †Lqv cvi n‡Z G‡m‡Qb| Zuvi cv‡qi ¯ú‡k© †bŠKvi †muDwZ †mvbv n‡q
hvq| ZLb †Lqv cvivcviKvix Ck¦ix cvUzbx eyS‡Z cv‡i, Bwb †`ex| c‡i †`ex wb‡RB wb‡Ri cwiPq †`b|
cvUzbx‡K ei PvB‡Z e‡jb| cvUzbx wb‡Ri Rb¨ wKQz bv †P‡q mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ ei Pvq| †`ex Avkv c~iY K‡i e‡jb :
†Zvgvi mšÍvb `y‡a-fv‡Z _vK‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. ÔmZ¨cx‡ii cuvPvjxÕi †jLK †K?
K. bexbP›`ª ivq L. †ngP›`ª ivq
M. fviZP›`ª ivq N. cÖdzjøP›`ª ivq
2. ÔCk¦ix‡i wRÁvwmj Ck¦ix cvUzbxÕ GLv‡b ÔCk¦ixÕ ej‡Z hv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. Ck¦ix †`ex L. Ck¦ix ivq
M. Ck¦ix cvUzbx N. Ck¦ix mvnv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avjx A‡Uvwi·v Pvjv‡Z wM‡q A‡bK mgq wec‡` cov hvÎx‡`i gy‡LvgyLx nq| Gfv‡e †m GKw`b GKRb
gwnjv‡K iv¯Ívq GKvKx `uvwo‡q _vK‡Z †`‡L Zvi cwiPq Rvb‡Z Pvq| gwnjv Avjx‡K wb‡Ri me cwiPq
Rvbv‡jI ¯vgxi bvgwU e‡jwb|
3. DÏxc‡Ki gwnjvi m‡½ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi Kvi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. Abœc~Y©v L. Ck¦ix cvUzbx
M. gvbwmsn N. fevb›`
4. DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq ¯vgxi bvg gy‡L wb‡Z PvIqv nqwb †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. ¯vgx †eKvi L. ¯vgx mš¿vmx
M. ms¯‹vi N. †jvKj¾v
KweZvÑ124 SSC-1651
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi †Kvb ivRvi mfvKwe wQ‡jb?
K. K…òP›`ª ivq L. †MŠiv½P›`ª ivq M. gvwbKP›`ª ivq N. h‡kvavP›`ª ivq
6. ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq Ô`y‡afv‡ZÕ _vKv n‡”QÑ
i. memgq `ya-fvZ LvIqv ii. Hk¦h©kvjx n‡Z PvIqv iii. cÖkvwšÍ‡Z Rxebhvcb Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i M. ii N. iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avgvi gv‡qi †PvL ggZvq c~Y© n‡q Av‡Q
wekvj bxie †gNgy³ mv`v AvKv‡ki g‡Zv!
7. DÏxcKwUi m‡½ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq hvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. Abœc~Y©v L. nwi‡nvo M. cvUzbx N. fevb›`
8. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi mv „‡k¨i †ÿÎ n‡jvÑ
i. gvbeZv‡eva ii. Ck¦ifw³ iii. mšÍvbevrmj¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
fvi‡Z gyNj mv¤ªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv m¤ªvU evei| ûgvqyb wQ‡jb Zuvi cig Av`‡ii mšÍvb| GKevi ûgvqyb KwVb †iv‡M
AvµvšÍ nb| A‡bK mva¨-mvabvi ciI Zvi †iv‡Mi †Kv‡bv Dckg nw”Qj bv| eis w`‡b w`‡b Ae¯’v AviI Lvivc
n‡Z _v‡K| AMZ¨v evei R‰bK `i‡e‡ki civg‡k© gnvb cÖfzi D‡Ï‡k¨ a¨vbgMœ nb| cÖfzi wbKU wZwb wb‡Ri
Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q cy‡Îi Rxeb wfÿv Pvb| gnvb cÖfz Zuvi cÖv_©bv gÄyi K‡ib| AZtci GKmgq m¤ªvU evei g„Zz¨i
†Kv‡j X‡j c‡ob| Avi ûgvqyb Abv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa †_‡K gyw³jvf K‡i Rxeb wd‡i cvb|
K. evgv¯i Kx?
L. ÔG Z †g‡q †g‡q bq †`eZv wbðqÕ ÑK_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxc‡Ki eve‡ii m‡½ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N ÒDÏxcK I ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi g~jmyi GKB|Ó Ñ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. evgv¯i k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q bvixKÉ A_©vr †g‡q‡`i Kɯi|
L. Ck¦ix cvUzbxi †Lqv †bŠKvq b`x cvi n‡Z Avmv ea~wUi cv‡qi ¯ú‡k© †muDwZ †mvbv n‡q †M‡j Zvi g‡b nq †h G
†g‡qwU mvaviY N‡ii †KD bq, G †Kv‡bv †`eZv n‡e|
ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq †`ex Abœc~Yv© N‡ii eD‡qi QÙ‡e‡k b`x cvi n‡Z Av‡m| †Lqv †bŠKvi gvwS Ck¦ix
cvUzbx Zvi cwiPq Rvb‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ †`ex evOvwj bvix ¯vgxi bvg gy‡L †bq bv e‡j welqwU Gwo‡q hvb| c‡i
Ck¦ix cvUzbxi Aby‡iv‡a †`ex †bŠKvi †muDwZ‡Z cv iv‡Lb| Zvi ivOv Pi‡Yi †Quvqvq †muDwZ ZLb †mvbv n‡q
hvq| „k¨wU †`L‡Z †c‡q cvUzbx Abygvb K‡i †h, G †g‡qwU mvaviY †KD bq, wbðqB †Kv‡bv †`ex n‡eb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki ev`kvn eve‡ii m‡½ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi Ck¦ix cvUzbxi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
gvby‡li wbKU me‡P‡q wcÖq Zvi wb‡Ri Rxeb| mšÍv‡bi cÖvY euvPv‡Z gvbyl wb‡Ri Rxeb‡KI DrmM© Ki‡Z
cv‡i| mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv m¤ªvU evei I †bŠKvi gvwS Ck¦ix cvUzbx‡K mgch©v‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Q|
`yR‡biB fvebvi †K‡›`ª i‡q‡Q wb‡R‡`i wcÖqmšÍvb| G‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb wb‡Ri mšÍv‡bi cÖvY euvPv‡bvi Rb¨
Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb, Avi Ab¨Rb mšÍv‡bi g½j‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ125
DÏxc‡K ev`kvn evei hLb ïb‡jb Zuvi †Kv‡bv wcÖq e ‘‡K wbtk¼ wP‡Ë DrmM© Ki‡j wcÖq mšÍv‡bi cÖvY wd‡i
cvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q ZLb wZwb mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Ri me‡P‡q wcÖq e ‘ Rxeb DrmM© Kivi wm×všÍ †bb|
wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q mšÍv‡bi cÖvY iÿv K‡i ev`kvn evei evrmj¨cÖxwZi Pig civKvôv †`wL‡q‡Qb|
Abyiƒcfv‡e ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq †bŠKvi gvwS Ck¦ix cvUzbx †`ex Abœc~Y©vi Kv‡Q wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
ei bv †P‡q mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ mg„× fwel¨r Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq Ck¦ix cvUzbxi mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Zxeª
fv‡jvevmv cÖKv‡ki m‡½ ev`kvn eve‡ii mšÍvb evrm‡j¨i mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqe ‘B ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi g~j Av‡jL¨|
gvbyl wb‡R‡K me‡P‡q †ewk fv‡jvev‡m| Avevi wcZv-gvZvi wbKU wb‡Ri mšÍv‡bi Rxeb me‡P‡q g~j¨evb|
mšÍv‡bi my‡Li Rb¨ gvbyl wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi Avb›`-myL Z¨vM Ki‡Z wØav K‡i bv| ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi g~jfve
n‡”Q mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ GKRb `i`x Rbbxi Acwi‡gq fv‡jvevmv| DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨I GKRb fviZ m¤ªvU A_©vr
GKRb evev‡KI mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Pig Z¨vM ¯xKvi Ki‡Z †`wL|
Kwe fviZP›`ª iwPZ ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq †`ex Abœc~Y©v M„nea~i QÙ‡ek aviY K‡i b`x cvi nIqvi Rb¨
†LqvNv‡Ui gvwS Ck¦ix cvUzbxi †bŠKvq I‡Vb| Abœc~Y©vi cv`¯ú‡k© †bŠKvi †muDwZ †mvbv n‡q †M‡j Ck¦ix cvUzbx
eyS‡Z cv‡i Zvi †bŠKvi hvÎx †Kv‡bv mvaviY gwnjv bb| Aek¨ †`ex †kl ch©šÍ cvUzbxi wbKU wb‡Ri cwiPq
w`‡Z eva¨ nb| cieZ©x mg‡q †`ex cvUzbx‡K ei cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z e‡jb| cvUzbx †`exi wbKU Lye †ewk wKQ zPvqwb|
Aek¨ †m B”Qv Ki‡j wb‡Ri Rb¨ A‡bK abm¤ú` PvB‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ †m wb‡Ri Rb¨ wKQz bv †P‡q mšÍv‡bi
Rb¨ Ô`ya-fvZÕ A_©vr m”Qj Rxeb-hvc‡bi wbðqZv †P‡q‡Q| †gvUK_v wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi †P‡q mšÍv‡bi Rxeb‡K
†ewk ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q †LqvNv‡Ui gvwS Ck¦ix cvUzbx| DÏxc‡KI Avgiv GKB †PZbvi ewntcÖKvk jÿ Kwi|
GLv‡b ev`kvn eve‡ii cyÎ ûgvqyb †iv‡M kh¨vkvqx n‡q i‡q‡Qb| †Kv‡bv wPwKrm‡Ki wPwKrmvB Zv‡K fv‡jv
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Ae‡k‡l GKRb `i‡ek ev`kvn evei‡K civgk© w`‡jb evei †hb Zvi mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
wcÖq e Íz DrmM© K‡ib|
ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvq wcZv mšÍv‡bi cÖkvwšÍgq Rxeb Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb| Avi DÏxc‡K evei gnvb cÖfzi wbKU
AviR K‡ib †h Zuvi Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q cyÎ ûgvq yb‡K †hb fv‡jv K‡i †`qv nq| †Kbbv evei Rv‡bb gvby‡li
wbKU Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi †P‡q wcÖq †Kv‡bv e ‘ †bB| cÖfzi wbKU wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K mgc©Y Ki‡jb ev`kvn
evei| AšÍ‡i Avkv Zuvi GKgvÎ mšÍvb †hb fv‡jv _v‡K| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ
KweZvi g~jmyi GKB |
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
bvgv‡hi N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡b, `iMvq gv‡b `vb,
†Q‡j‡i Zvnvi fv‡jv K‡i `vI Kuv‡` Rbbxi cÖvY|
fv‡jv K‡i `vI Avjøv imyj fv‡jv K‡i `vI cxi,
Kwn‡Z Kwn‡Z gyLLvwb fv‡m ewnqv bqb bxi|
K. Ôei`vbÕ Kx?
L. fviZP‡›`ªi Kv‡e¨i ˆewkó¨ †Kgb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi mšÍvbÕ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY K‡iwb|Ó Ñhyw³ mnKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. M 2. L 3. K 4. M 5. K 6. N 7. M 8. M
KweZvÑ126 SSC-1651
K‡cvZvÿ b`
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
1824 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 Rvbyqvwi h‡kvi †Rjvi mvMi`uvwo MÖv‡g gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë GK abx cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg ivRbvivqY `Ë Ges gvZv Rvýex †`ex| gaym~`‡bi cÖv_wgK wkÿv ïiæ nq mvMi`vuwoi
MÖv‡gi cvVkvjvq| ˆkk‡eB wZwb Bs‡iwR fvlvq ey¨rcwË AR©b K‡ib| AZtci wZwb KjKvZvi wn› y K‡j‡R fwZ©
nb| G mgq wZwb wW‡ivwRI cÖfvweZ Bqs-†e½j `j Øviv we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ nb| evj¨Kvj †_‡KB gaym~`b
Bs‡iwR KweZvi cÖwZ we‡kl AbyivMx wQ‡jb| we‡j‡Z wM‡q wZwb eo Kwe n‡eb G-B wQj Zuvi ev‡j¨i ¯cœ| G
D‡Ï‡k¨B 1842 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb wLª÷ag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuvi bv‡gi cÖ_‡g †hvM nq ÔgvB‡KjÕ| 1862 mv‡j
gaym~`b BD‡ivc hvb| wZwb jÛ‡b e¨vwi÷vwi cvm K‡ib| jÛb †_‡K wZwb d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB bMix‡Z hvb I †ek
K‡qK eQi Ae¯’vb K‡ib| cÖ_‡g Bs‡iwR fvlvq KweZv iPbv Avi¤¢ Ki‡jI wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb evsjv fvlvi
cÖwZ AbyivMx n‡q I‡Vb Ges evsjv fvlvq mvwnZ¨PP©v K‡i †i‡L hvb Aÿq Ae`vb| welq fvebv, Rxebv_© Ges
cÖKiY-ˆkjxi ¯vZ‡š¿ gaym~`‡bi iPbv AvaywbKZvi wkLi¯úkx©| AwgÎvÿi Q›`ixwZi Avwe®‹vi I Ô†gNbv`ea Kve¨Õ
iPbv Zuvi Agi KxwZ©| gnvKve¨, m‡bU, cÎKve¨, cÖnmb, Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK BZ¨vw` mvwnZ¨kvLv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wZwbB
cÖ_g cÖeZ©b K‡ib| 1873 wLª÷v‡ãi 29 Ryb KjKvZvi Avwjcyi †Rbv‡ij nvmcvZv‡j gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë †kl
wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨, †gNbv`ea Kve¨, exiv½bv Kve¨, PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx;
bvUK : cÙveZx, kwg©ôv, K…òKzgvix;
cÖnmb : G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv?, ey‡ov mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †ivu;
M`¨-Kve¨ : †nKUi-ea (Amgvß)|
evsjv Kve¨-mvwn‡Z¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ bvgK m‡bU Kve¨ †_‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ
KweZvwU m¼wjZ n‡q‡Q| G KweZvq Kwei ˆkk‡e †`Lv K‡cvZvÿ b‡`i cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi AšÍiv‡j ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi
welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| mvgwqK †gv‡n cvðvZ¨ mvwn‡Z¨ AvZ¥cÖwZôvq e¨_© n‡q cÖevm Rxe‡b ¯‡`‡ki cÖwZ
Abyiv‡Mi ¯iƒc Zuvi ¯§„wZ weRwoZ eY©bvq ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| Kwei AvK~j AvKywZ K‡cvZvÿ b` †hb Zuvi ¯‡`‡ki
cÖwZ ü`‡qi KvZiZv e½evmxi wbKU e¨³ K‡i|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
m‡bU KweZvi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Kwei fvlv‡cÖg I †`k‡cÖ‡gi ¯iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ127
mZZ, †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b !
mZZ †Zvgvi K_v fvwe G wei‡j;
mZZ (†hgwZ †jvK wbkvi ¯c‡b
†kv‡b gvqv-gš¿aŸwb) Ze KjK‡j
RyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwšÍi Qj‡b !
eû †`‡k †`wLqvwQ eû b`-`‡j,
wKš‘ G †mœ‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j?
`y»-†m&ªv‡Zvi~cx Zzwg Rb¥f~wg- ͇b|
Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv? Ñ hZ w`b hv‡e,
cÖRvi~‡c ivRi~c mvM‡i‡i w`‡Z
evwi-i~c Ki Zzwg; G wgbwZ, Mv‡e
e½R R‡bi Kv‡b, m‡L, mLv-ix‡Z
bvg Zvi, G cÖev‡m gwR †cÖg-fv‡e
jB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i msMx‡Z|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
KiÑ LvRbv; ivR¯| KjK‡jÑ b`xi KjKj AvIqv‡R| wbkvÑ ivwÎ; ivZ| e½R RbÑ e‡½ R‡b¥‡Qb whwb, evOvwj|
e‡½i m½x‡ZÑ evsjvi Mv‡b| evwiÑ cvwb| evwi-iƒc KiÑ Rj iƒc LvRbv, cÖRv †hgb ivRv‡K Ki ev ivR¯ †`q
†Zgwb K‡cvZvÿ b`I mvMi‡K Rjiƒc Ki ev ivR¯ w`‡”Q| wei‡jÑ GKvšÍ wbwiwewj‡Z| åvwšÍÑ fzj| åvwšÍi
Qj‡bÑ fz‡ji Qjbvq| wgbwZÑ cÖv_©bv| †hgwZÑ †hgb| mLv-ix‡ZÑ eÜzi ixwZ‡Z; eÜzi wbq‡g| mZZÑ me©`v;
memgq|
PZz`©kc`x KweZvÑ Bs‡iwR‡Z Sonnet, evsjvq PZz`©kc`x KweZv| MxwZKweZvi †h iƒcwU †PŠÏ PiY Ges †PŠÏ
gvÎvi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq Zv‡K PZz`©kc`x KweZv ev m‡bU e‡j| PZz`©kc`x KweZvi cÖ_g AvU Pi‡Yi ÍeK‡K AóK
(Octave) Ges cieZx© Qq Pi‡Yi ÍeK‡K lóK (Sestet) e‡j| Aó‡K g~jZ fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv Ges ló‡K fv‡ei
cwiYwZ _v‡K| PZz`©kc`x KweZvq K‡qK cÖKvi AšÍ¨wgj cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| †hgb, cÖ_g AvU PiY : KLLK KLLK|
†kl Qq PiY : NOP NOP| A_ev cÖ_g AvU PiY : KLLM KLLM, †kl Qq PiY : NONO PP| ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ GKwU
PZz`©kc`x KweZv| GLv‡b wgjweb¨vm : KLKLKLLK MNMNMN|
mvims‡ÿc :
we‡`‡k e‡m †`‡ki b`x K‡cvZv‡ÿi K_v Kwei g‡b c‡o| eû †`‡ki wewPÎ b`x Kwe †`‡L‡Qb| wKš‘ IB b`xi
Zzjbv Avi †Kv_vI cvbwb| Zuvi Kv‡Q G b`x gv‡qi `y‡ai g‡Zv Z…wß`vqK| Kwei Avk¼v, Zuvi mv‡_ K‡cvZv‡ÿi
Avi †`Lv bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Kwei AvKzwZ : we‡`‡k e‡mI Kwe †h †`‡ki b`xiB Mvb MvB‡Qb, K‡cvZvÿ †hb
evsjvi gvbyl‡K †m K_vUv Rvbvq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. m‡b‡Ui ‰ewkó¨ Kx?
K. AvU PiY, †PŠÏ gvÎv L. Qq PiY, Qq gvÎv M. †PŠÏ PiY, †PŠÏ gvÎv N. AvU PiY, AvU gvÎv
2. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq hv‡K ÔivRÕiƒ‡c Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡QÑ
K. mvMi‡K L. Kwe‡K M. Rb¥f~wg‡K N.¯‡`k‡K
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ128 SSC-1651
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ô†Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj †mvbvjx we‡Kj¸‡jv †mBÑ
AvR Avi †bB|Õ
3 DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ Abyf~wZ wb‡Pi †Kvb iPbvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
K. Avgvi mšÍvb L. cwjøRbbx M. K‡cvZvÿ b` N. gvbyl
4. ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ I DÏxc‡Ki Abyf~wZi †h wel‡q wgj i‡q‡QÑ
i. † œnKvZiZv ii. ¯§„wZKvZiZv iii. gvbe‡cÖg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii. M. iii N. i I ii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. gaym~`b `Ë KZ mv‡j wLª÷ag© MÖnY K‡ib?
K. 1841 L. 1842 M. 1843 N. 1844
6. Ôe½R R‡bi Kv‡bÕ GLv‡b Ôe½R RbÕ ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡QbÑ
i. evsjvi cÖevmx RbMY‡K ii. evsjvq wbevmx RbMY‡K iii. evsjvfvlx wfb‡`kx RbMY‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
†n e½ fvÐv‡i Ze wewea iZb
Zv m‡e A‡eva Avwg Ae‡njv Kwi|
7. DÏxc‡Ki Avw½‡Ki m‡½ wb‡¤œi †Kvb KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. ¯vaxbZv L. gvbyl M. cwjøRbbx N. K‡cvZvÿ b`
8. DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. †`k‡cÖg L. cÖK…wZ‡cÖg M. gvbe‡cÖg N. evrmj¨‡cÖg
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
jveY¨‡K D”Pwkÿv‡_© g¨vmvPz‡mUm& wmwU‡Z wkKo Mvo‡Z nq| †mLvbKvi cwi‡e‡k †m GL‡bv Lvc LvB‡q DV‡Z
cv‡iwb| mvivÿY Zvi AšÍi c‡o _v‡K †`‡k Ae ’vbiZ gv-evev Avi ¯Rb‡`i wbKU| cÖev‡m Rb¥f~wg evsjvi
cÖK…wZ Zvi †PvL Ry‡o † œ‡ni cik eywj‡q hvq| evsjv Mvb bv kyb‡j Zvi †Pv‡L Nyg Av‡m bv| Gfv‡e kq‡b-¯c‡b
†`k Ges †`‡ki gvbyl¸‡jv Zvi wbKU ¯cœgq n‡q I‡V|
K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© †KvbwU?
L. ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxc‡Ki jve‡Y¨i m‡½ ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÒjveY¨ I Kwei fvevbyf~wZi AšÍiv‡j KvR K‡i‡Q Mfxi †`k‡cÖg|Ó ÑDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ
KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© Ô†gNbv`ea Kve¨Õ|
L. MxwZKweZvi †h iƒcwU †PŠÏ PiY Ges †PŠÏ gvÎvi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq Zv‡K PZz`©kc`x KweZv ev m‡bU e‡j|
m‡bU KL‡bv †PŠÏ Pi‡Yi Kg ev †ewk nq bv| cÖwZPi‡Y mvaviYZ †PŠÏwU gvÎv e¨wZµg wn‡m‡e AvVv‡iv gvÎv
_v‡K| m‡b‡Ui cÖ_g AvU Pi‡Yi ÍeK‡K ejv nq AóK Ges †kl Qq Pi‡Yi ÍeK ejv nq lUK| cÖ_g Íe‡K
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ129
A_©vr Aó‡K _v‡K fv‡ei we Ívi, Avi †kl ¯Íe‡K A_©vr lU‡K _v‡K fv‡ei cwimgvwß| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gvB‡Kj
gaym~`b `ËB cÖ_g m‡bU RvZxq KweZvi cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
M. ¯‡`k I Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ Abyf~wZi w`K w`‡q Kwe gaym~`b I jve‡Y¨i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq|
¯‡`k‡cÖg GKwU Akixix Abyf~wZ| c„w_exi mKj gvbylB Rb¥f~wgi gvwU, gvbyl, cÖK…wZ‡K fv‡jvev‡m| c„w_exi
cÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB ¯‡`‡ki Rb¨ wein †e`bv Abyfe K‡i| ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe I DÏxc‡Ki jve‡Y¨i
g‡a¨ Avgiv †mB AK…wÎg †`k‡cÖ‡gi wPÎB †`L‡Z cvB|
DÏxc‡Ki jveY¨ g¨vmvPz‡mUm& wmwU‡Z D”Pwkÿvi Rb¨ cvwo Rgvq| †mLv‡b Zvi wKQzB fv‡jv jv‡M bv| memgq
Zvi gb c‡o _v‡K †`‡k gv-evev Avi ¯Rb‡`i wbKU| evsjvi cÖK…wZ, evsjvi gvbyl, evsjvi Mvb Zv‡K
nvZQvwb w`‡q Wv‡K| †hgb ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe gaym~`b cÖevm Rxe‡b wbR †`‡ki wcÖq b`xwU‡K fzj‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b Kwe KZ †`‡k wM‡q‡Qb, K‡Zv b`x-m‡ivei †`‡L‡Qb, wKš‘ Zvi cÖv‡Yi Z…òv
†g‡Uwb|GKgvÎ K‡cvZvÿ b‡`i Rj Zvi † œ‡ni Z…òv †gUv‡Z cv‡i e‡j wZwb g‡b K‡ib| Rb¥f~wg‡K
fv‡jvev‡mb e‡jB Kwei g‡b G Abyf~wZ KvR K‡i‡Q| ejv hvq, cÖevm Rxe‡bi Avb›`-Djøvm wKsev †fvM-
wejvm Kwe gaym~`b wKsev jveY¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q fv‡jv jv‡Mwb| Df‡qi Kv‡Q †`k‡cÖg Z_v Rb¥f~wg cÖxwZB eo
n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| e ‘Z †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`K †_‡KB Kwe I jve‡Y¨i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. jveY¨ I Kwe gaym~`‡bi Mfxi Abyf~wZi †cQ‡b †h welqwU KvR K‡i‡Q Zv n‡”Q AK…wÎg †`k‡cÖg|
ev¯Íe c„w_ex‡Z GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK gvbyl KL‡bvB Zvi †`k‡K fzj‡Z cv‡ib bv| †`‡ki gvwU, gvbyl, b`-b`x,
gvqvfiv cÖK…wZ mewKQzB †hb Zv‡K wd‡i wd‡i Wv‡K| †Kej Rb¥f~wgi Av‡jv, evZvm Avi cvwb‡Z Zvi cÖv‡Yi
Z…òv †g‡U| e¯‘Z Gi ¯iƒcB dz‡U D‡V‡Q DÏxcK Avi ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvq|
DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB jveY¨ cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ g¨vmvPz‡mUm&-G †M‡jI †mLv‡b †m gb emv‡Z cv‡i bv|
Zvi AšÍi Ry‡o _v‡K evsjvi gvwU, gvbyl, cÖK…wZ Avi Zvi AvcbRb| †m mvivÿY AšÍ‡i Abyfe K‡i evsjvi
ggZvgqx iƒc‡K| Zvi Rb¥f~wg evsjv †hb Zv‡K memgq nvZQvwb w`‡q Wv‡K| Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi
ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvqI AK…wÎg ¯‡`kcÖxwZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| KweI Rxe‡b A‡bK †`k Ny‡i‡Qb| wZwb d«v‡Ý
wM‡q‡Qb eo Kwe nIqvi Avkvq| wKš‘ †mLv‡b Zuvi ˆkke I ˆK‡kv‡ii Avb›` wKsev †e`bv-weayi ¯§„wZ mvivÿY
Kuv`vq| wZwb Av‡e‡M AvcøyZ nb, my`~i d«v‡Ý e‡mI †hb K‡cvZv‡ÿi KjKj aŸwb ïb‡Z cvb| we‡`‡ki
gvwU‡Z Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Rj Zuvi † œ‡ni Z…òv †gUv‡Z cv‡i bv| GKgvÎ K‡cvZvÿ b‡`i RjB †hb †gUv‡Z cv‡i
Zuvi AšÍ‡ii AZ…ß Z…òv| Gfv‡e Kwe †`‡ki evB‡i Mfxifv‡e Abyfe K‡ib wb‡Ri †`k‡K, Rb¥f~wg‡K| ZvB
ejv hvq, jveY¨ I Kwei Mfxi Rxeb Abyf~wZi AšÍiv‡j KvR K‡i‡Q Mfxi †`k‡cÖg|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ: `yÕcv‡k av‡bi †ÿZ
miæ c_
mvg‡b ayay b`xi wKbvi
Avgvi Aw ͇Z¡ Muv_v| Avwg DavI b`xi
gy» GK A‡eva evjK|
K. evsjv Kv‡e¨ AwgÎvÿi Q‡›`i cÖeZ©b K‡ib †K?
L. ÔåvwšÍi Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?
M. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZvÿ b`Õ KweZvi †h fvewU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv Zz‡j aiyb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki fvewUB †hb K‡cvZvÿ b` KweZvi g~j myi|Ó ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. M 2. K 3. M 4. L 5. M 6. L 7. N 8. K
KweZvÑ130 SSC-1651
Rxeb m½xZ
†ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq
†ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq 1838 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj ûMwj †Rjvi ¸wjUv ivRejøfnvU MÖv‡g Zuvi gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| †ngP‡›`ªi ˆcZ…K wbevm wQj ûMwji DËicvov MÖv‡g| Zuvi wcZv ˆKjvkP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wQ‡jb Lye `wi ª|
†ngP›`ª KjKvZvi wLw`icyi evsjv ¯‹z‡j covKv‡j Avw_©K msK‡U c‡ob I cov‡kvbv eÜ n‡q hvq| AZtci AZ¨šÍ
†gavwe †ngP›`ª KjKvZv ms¯‹„Z K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ cÖmbœKzgvi me ©vwaKvixi AvkÖ‡q Bs‡iwR †k‡Lb Ges wn›`y ¯‹z‡j fwZ©
n‡q Rywbqi I wmwbqi Dfq cixÿvq e„wË cvb| c‡i wZwb 1859 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K œvZK I 1866
mv‡j weGj wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 1861 mv‡j nvB‡Kv‡U©i DwKj nb| 1862 mv‡j gy‡Ýd wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †c‡jI Zv
†Q‡o w`‡q Avevi IKvjwZ ïiæ K‡ib| 1890 mv‡j nvB‡Kv‡U©i miKvwi DwKj nb| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb AvBbRxex
wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv †c‡jI †klRxe‡b Avw_©K m¼‡U c‡ob| †ngP‡›`ªi GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨ wQ‡jv wZwb †hgb ¸iæM¤¢xi
AvL¨vwqKv Kve¨ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb †Zgwb Avevi mnR my‡ii LÐKweZv, IRw¯^bx ¯‡`km½xZ Ges jNy KweZvI iPbv
K‡iwQ‡jb| ew¼gP›`ª Zuvi iPbvi AbyivMx wQ‡jb Ges wK‡kvi iex›`ªbv‡_i †jLvq Zuvi Qvqv c‡owQj| Zuvi
RbwcÖqZvi g~‡j wQ‡jv ¯‡`kwPšÍv I Dwbk kZ‡Ki evOvwji mgvR I ivóªxq g~j¨‡ev‡ai ewjô iƒcvqY, fvlv I
Q‡›`i AbM©jZv| †klRxe‡b wZwb AÜ n‡q hvb Ges 1903 mv‡ji 24 †g g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ :
wPšÍvZiw½Yx (1861), exievû (1864), e„Îmsnvi (1875), AvkvKvbb (1876), Qvqvgqx (1880)|
ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvwU †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Abyev`g~jK iPbv †_‡K M„nxZ| KweZvwU gvwK©b Kwe Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)-Gi 'A Psalm of life' kxl©K Bs‡iwR KweZvi fvevbyev`|
KweZvwU‡Z AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb I ÿY ’vqx gvbeRxe‡bi cÖK…Z A_© I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf K‡i h_v_© K‡g©i gva¨‡g
RM‡Z wU‡K _vKvi aviYv jvf Kiv hv‡e| Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z g~j¨ Abyaveb K‡i msmv‡i wbR wbR `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b gnvb
e¨w³‡`i Av`k© Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g eiYxq nIqvi cÖwµqv KweZvwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
gvbe-Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
gvbe-Rxe‡bi DbœwZi Dcvq we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ131
e‡jv bv KvZi ¯‡i e„_v Rb¥ G msmv‡i
G Rxeb wbkvi ¯^cb,
`viv cyÎ cwievi, Zzwg Kvi †K †Zvgvi
e‡j Rxe K‡iv bv µ›`b;
gvbe-Rbg mvi, Ggb cv‡e bv Avi
evn¨`„‡k¨ fz‡jv bv †i gb;
Ki hZœ n‡e Rq, RxevZ¥v AwbZ¨ bq,
I‡n Rxe Ki AvwKÂb|
K‡iv bv my‡Li Avk, c‡iv bv `y‡Li duvm,
Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Zv bq,
msmv‡i msmvix mvR, K‡iv wbZ¨ wbR KvR,
f‡ei DbœwZ hv‡Z nq|
w`b hvq ÿY hvq, mgq Kvnv‡iv bq,
†e‡M avq bvwn i‡n w ’i,
mnvq m¤ú` ej, mKwj NyPvq Kvj,
Avqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxi|
msmv‡i-mgiv½‡b hy× Ki `„pc‡Y,
f‡q fxZ nBI bv gvbe;
Ki hy× exh©evb, hvq hv‡e hvK cÖvY
gwngvB RM‡Z `yj©f|
g‡bvni g~wZ© †n‡i, I‡n Rxe AÜKv‡i,
fwel¨‡Z K‡iv bv wbf©i;
AZxZ my‡Li w`b, cybt Avi †W‡K G‡b,
wPš Ív K‡i nBI bv KvZi|
gnvÁvbx gnvRb, †h c‡_ K‡i Mgb,
n‡q‡Qb cÖvZt¯§iYxq,
†mB c_ jÿ¨ K‡i ¯xq KxwZ© aŸRv a‡i
AvgivI ne eiYxq
mgi-mvMi-Zx‡i, c`v¼ Aw¼Z K‡i
AvgivI ne †n Agi;
†mB wPý jÿ K‡i, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Rb c‡i,
h‡kvØv‡i Avwm‡e mZ¡i|
K‡iv bv gvbeMY, e„_v ÿq G Rxeb,
msmvi-mgiv½b gv‡S;
m¼í K‡iQ hvnv, mvab Kin Zvnv,
iZ n‡q wbR wbR Kv‡R|
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ132 SSC-1651
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AwbZ¨Ñ A ’vqx; hv wPiKv‡ji bq| AvwKÂbÑ †Póv; AvKv•ÿv| Avqy †hb ˆkev‡ji bxiÑ †kIjvi Ici cvwbi
†duvUvi g‡Zv ÿY ’vqx| AvkÑ Avkv| KvZi ¯‡iÑ `ye©j K‡É; KiæYfv‡e| µ›`bÑ Kvbœv| NyPvqÑ AwZevwnZ ev
AwZµvšÍ nIqv| RxevZ¥vÑ gvby‡li AvZ¥v; AvZ¥v hw`I Agi, wKš‘ gvby‡li g„Zz¨ Awbevh©, Kv‡RB †`n †Q‡o AvZ¥v
GKw`b P‡j hv‡e, wPiKvj †`n‡K AuvK‡o _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| `vivÑ ¿x| `yj©fÑ `y®úÖvc¨; cvIqv KwVb| `„pc‡YÑ
AUj msKí| aŸRvÑ cZvKv; wbkvb| wbkvi ¯cbÑ wg_¨v ev Amvi fvebv| c`v¼Ñ †Kv‡bv gnr e¨w³i K…ZKg© ev
PwiÎ| cÖvZt¯§iYxqÑ mKvj †ejvq ¯§iY Kivi †hvM¨; A_©vr mK‡ji kÖ×v I m¤§v‡bi cvÎ| duvmÑ duvwm; B”Qv
Abyhvqx k³ ev wkw_j Kiv hvq Ggb i¾y ev `woi euvab| eiYxqÑ m¤§v‡bi †hvM¨| evn¨`„‡k¨Ñ evB‡ii RM‡Zi
PvKwPK¨gq i~‡c ev wRwb‡m| exh©evbÑ kw³gvb| e„_vÑ e¨_©| gnvÁvbx gnvRbÑ KxwZ©gvb gnr e¨w³| f‡eiÑ
RM‡Zi; msmv‡ii| gwngvÑ †MŠie| h‡kvØviÑ L¨vwZi Øvi| mgiv½‡bÑ hyׇÿ‡Î (Kwe gvby‡li Rxeb‡K hyׇÿ‡Îi
m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb)| msmv‡i-mgiv½‡bÑ hyׇÿ‡Î mvnmx ˆmwb‡Ki g‡Zv msmv‡iI bvbv NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Zi
†gvKv‡ejv K‡i †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e| mviÑ GKgvÎ m¤j| ¯cbÑ iv‡Zi ¯‡cœi g‡ZvB wg_¨v ev Amvi| ¯xqÑ wbR;
Avcb|
mvims‡ÿc :
gvby‡li Rxeb cig g~j¨evb| G Rxeb ¯cœ ev gvqv bq; AKviYI bq| `yt‡Li Rb¨ nv-ûZvk ev my‡Li Rb¨
KvZiZv †`wL‡q jvf †bB| eis KZ©e¨K‡g© AMÖmi n‡q evavweNœ Rq KivB mdjZvi Dcvq| gnvcyiæl‡`i
AbymiY Kiv Riæwi| Zvn‡j AvgivI Zuv‡`i g‡Zv n‡Z cvie| Rxe‡b mvdj¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ `iKvi wec`
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv Avi m¼‡í `„p _vKv|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Ôe„ÎmsnviÕ Kx RvZxq iPbv?
K. MxwZKve¨ L. gnvKve¨
M. Kvwnwb Kve¨ N. cÎKve¨
2. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ GKwUÑ
i. Abyev`g~jK KweZv ii. bxwZwkÿvg~jK KweZv iii. fvevbyev`g~jK KweZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
mygšÍ KvwÄjvj Zvi AZx‡Zi ¯Y©gq Rxe‡bi K_v †f‡e AvKzj nb| †Kbbv AvR wZwb wbt¯, wi³| †Kv‡bv
wKQz‡ZB Zvi gb mvq †`q bv|
3. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq †h KweZvqÑ
K. cÖvY L. gvbyl
M. Rxeb m½xZ N. K‡cvZvÿ b`
4. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZv Abyhvqx mygšÍ KvwÄjv‡ji fvebvÑ
i. Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask ii. mdjZvi Rb¨ †cÖiYv iii. mdjZvi Rb¨ cÖwZeÜKZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii. N. i, ii I iii
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ133
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvwU †Kvb KweZvi Abyev`?
K. A Psalm of life L. A Passion of life
M. The Sands of Dee N. The Horns of Dilema
6. Ô‰kev‡ji bxiÕ Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
K. eiYxq L. `xN© ’vqx
M. ÿY ’vqx N. ¯§iYxq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Zv hw` bv cvwi, Z‡e euvwP hZKvj
†Zvgv‡`wi gvSLv‡b jwf †hb VuvB|
7. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi †h welqwU DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. L¨vwZ L. weË
M. AgiZ¡ N. we`¨v
8. DÏxcK I ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ RxebÑ
K. wbkvi ¯cb L. mgiv½b
M. Zvrch©gq N. gvqvi RMr
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
mgq †M‡j mvab n‡e bv|
w`b _vK‡Z w`‡bi mvab †Kb Ki‡j bv \
Rvb bv gb Lv‡j we‡j
gxb _v‡K bv Rj ïKv‡j
Kx nq Zvi euvab w`‡j
ïKbv †gvnbv \
Amg‡q K…wl K‡i
wgQvwgwQ †L‡U g‡i
MvQ hw` nq ex‡Ri †Rv‡i
dj †Zv a‡i bv \
K. Ôwbkvi ¯cbÕ A_© Kx?
L. Ôf‡ei DbœwZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei Rxeb fvebv‡K Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ K‡i? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kej GKwU we‡kl w`K‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1 Gi bgybv DËi:
K. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq e¨eüZ Ôwbkvi ¯cbÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q iv‡Zi ¯^cœ|
L. ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq f‡ei DbœwZ ej‡Z msmvi Z_v c„w_exi DbœwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cÖPwjZ A‡_© msmvi ej‡Z `viv-cyÎ-cwiR‡bi mgevq‡K †evSvq| wKš‘ e¨vcK A‡_© msmvi gv‡b gvby‡li
emev‡mi †ÿÎ Z_v c„w_ex| fe gv‡b GB c„w_exB| e¨w³ gvbyl hw` wbR Kg© m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nq, Zvi Kg©
m¤ú‡K© `vwqZ¡kxj nq Ges †m Zv myôziƒ‡c cvjb K‡i Z‡eB f‡ei DbœwZ n‡e| g~jZ KvR‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡j ïay
KweZvÑ134 SSC-1651
c„w_exi DbœwZB bq, eis e¨vw³ gvby‡liI DbœwZ mvab nq| e¨w³ Zvi gwngv jvf K‡i Ges †m Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z
¯v`I cvq| e¯‘Z ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq Ôf‡ei DbœwZÕ DbœwZ ej‡Z Kwe GwU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
M. DÏxc‡K eZ©gvb‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avi Gw`KwUB ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Kwei Rxeb fvebvq
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
eyw×gv‡biv eZ©gv‡bi fvebvB fv‡eb| †Kbbv AZxZ wb‡q c‡o _vKvi †Kv‡bv gv‡b nq bv| eis Zv gvby‡li
Rxeb‡K ’wei I Ro K‡i †`q| ZvQvov †Kej AZxZ wb‡q fve‡j A‡bK mgq fwel¨‡Zi cv‡_qI AwbwðZ
n‡q c‡o| GKRb gvbyl‡K eZ©gv‡bi m‡ev©Ëg e¨enviB mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|
ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwe e‡j‡Qb c„w_ex‡Z gvbe Rb¥ AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb| AZxZ Rxe‡bi myL-¯§„wZ †ivgš’b
K‡i Kv‡ivi KvZi nIqv DwPZ bq| my‡Li cÖwZgv M‡o ARvbv fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ A‡cÿv KivI †evKvwg|
DÏxc‡KI †`Lv hvq eZ©gv‡bi KvR eZ©gv‡bB Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| welqwU‡K bvbv D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g DÏxc‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b ¯úó K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, mgq A_©vr eZ©gvb cvi n‡q †M‡j mvab n‡e bv| myZivs
DÏxcK I ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv eZ©gvb‡K h_vm¤¢e ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q mwVK mg‡q mwVK
KvRwU Kiv| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Rxeb fvebv ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
N. mg‡qi KvR mg‡q Kiv DwPZ, ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi GB we‡kl fvewUB DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
f‡ei msmv‡i gvbe Rxeb AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb| GLv‡b wg_¨v my‡Li cÖwZgv M‡o †Kv‡bv jvf †bB| Aek¨ gvbe
Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨I Zv bq| msmv‡i evm Ki‡Z n‡j msmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ m~Pviyiƒ‡c cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv ˆeivM¨
mva‡b gvby‡li gyw³ †bB|
ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq ejv n‡q‡Q gvby‡li Rxeb †Kej wbQK ¯cœ bq| Avi G c„w_ex‡K †Kej ¯cœ I gvqvi
RMr ejv P‡j bv| AZxZ my‡Li w`b I AbvMZ fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e eZ©gvb‡K ev` w`‡j Pj‡e bv| eZ©gv‡bB
eZ©gv‡bi KvR K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡K †ek K‡qKwU Dcgv I wPÎKí e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv
n‡q‡Q b`x‡Z Rj ïKv‡j †hgb gvQ _v‡K bv, †Zgwb Amg‡q K…wlKvR Ki‡j †Kv‡bv dj Av‡m bv| DÏxc‡Ki
Kwei fvlvq ejv hvq, mgq †M‡j mvab nq bv| ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq gvbe Rxe‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv cÖm½
G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K evi evi G‡m‡Q GKwU cÖm½| Avi GB welqwU n‡”Q mg‡qi h_v‡hvM¨ e¨envi| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvi GKwU we‡kl w`K‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q, KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K bq|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
mg‡qi hviv mبenvi K‡i, Zviv wRZ‡eB| mg‡qB UvKv, mgq UvKvi †P‡q †ewk| Rxeb‡K DbœZ K‡iv KvR K‡i|
Ávb AR©b K‡iv| Pwi·K wVK K‡i e‡m _v‡Kv| K…c‡Yi g‡Zv mg‡qi KvQ †_‡K †Zvgvi cvIbv ey‡S bvI|
K. ÔcÖvZt¯§iYxqÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
L. ÔRxevZ¥vÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †h welqwU ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zv Zz‡j aiæb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔRxeb m½xZÕ KweZvq i‡q‡Q Rxeb‡K mg„× Kivi gnr evYx|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. L 2. N 3. M 4. M 5. K 6. M 7. M 8. M
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ135
cÖvY
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 1861 wLª÷v‡ãi 7†g (1268 e½v‡ãi 25 ˆekvL) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi I gvZv mvi`v †`ex| evj¨Kv‡j iex›`ªbv_‡K Iwi‡q›Uvj †mwgbvwi, bg©vj
¯‹zj, †e½j GKv‡Wwg cªf…wZ wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi †jLvcovi Rb¨ cvVv‡bv n‡jI we`¨vj‡qi cov‡jLvi cÖwZ wZwb
g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb bv| d‡j Zuvi cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv †ewk ~i AMÖmi nqwb| VvKzi evwoi AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡k ˆkk‡eB
iex›`ªbv‡_i Kwe cÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡U| 1876 mv‡j c‡bi eQi eq‡m cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ ÔebdzjÕ|
AZtci KweZv, Dcb¨vm, †QvUMí, bvUK, cÖeÜ, wkïmvwnZ¨, ågYmvwnZ¨, ig¨iPbv, m½xZ BZ¨vw` kvLvq iex›`ªbv_
†i‡L †M‡Qb Zuvi Amvgvb¨ wkícÖwZfvi ¯vÿi| 1901 mv‡j wZwb cÖwZôv K‡ib Ôkvwš Íwb‡KZb we`¨vjq|Õ G
we`¨vjqB cieZ©xKv‡j Ôwek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vjqÕ-G iƒcjvf K‡i| 1913 mv‡j iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Bs‡iwR ÔMxZvÄwjÕ
(1911) Kv‡e¨i Rb¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| iex›`ªbv_ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g K…wle¨vsK ’vcb K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki
wkjvB`n, cwZmi Ges kvnRv`cy‡i Rwg`vwii ZË¡veavb-m~‡Î iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Rxe‡bi GKUv D‡j øL‡hvM¨ mgq
AwZevwnZ K‡ib| evsjv KweZv‡K wZwbB cÖ_g †`‡ki mxgvbv Qvwo‡q Avš ÍR©vwZK cwigЇj cÖmvwiZ K‡ib| evsjv
†QvUMí‡K wZwbB evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| MxwZKvi I wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡eI iex›`ªbv‡_i Ae`vb Abb¨mvaviY|
wZwb 1941 mv‡ji 7 AvM÷ (1348 e½v‡ãi 22 kªveY) KjKvZvq ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
KweZv : gvbmx, †mvbviZix, wPÎv, MxZvÄwj, ejvKv, †kl‡jLv;
Dcb¨vm : †Pv‡Li evwj, †Mviv, N‡i evB‡i, †hvMv‡hvM, †k‡li KweZv;
†QvUMí : Mí¸”Q, wZbm½x, Mímí;
bvUK : wemR©b, ivRv, APjvqZb, WvKNi, i³Kiex;
cÖeÜ : AvaywbK mvwnZ¨, gvby‡li ag©, KvjvšÍi, mvwn‡Z¨i ¯iƒc;
AvZ¥Rxebx : Rxeb¯§„wZ, †Q‡j‡ejv|
wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU ÔKwo I †KvgjÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB KweZvq ¯xq
m„wóK‡g©i g‡a¨ w`‡q gvby‡li gv‡S †eu‡P _vKvi AvKv•ÿv e¨³ n‡q‡Q| gvbe Kj¨v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡gB AgiZ¡
jvf Kiv m¤¢e| Avi gvby‡li gv‡S wPi¯§iYxq _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb gnr m„wói `„p msKí|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv m¤ú‡K© Kwei aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Kwe I KweZvi KvR eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ136 SSC-1651
gwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›`i fze‡b,
gvb‡ei gv‡S Avwg euvwPev‡i PvB|
GB m~h©K‡i GB cyw®úZ Kvb‡b
Rxeš Í ü`q-gv‡S hw` ’vb cvB !
aivq cÖv‡Yi †Ljv wPiZiw½Z,
wein wgjb KZ nvwm-AkÖægq Ñ
gvb‡ei my‡L `yt‡L Muvw_qv msMxZ
hw` †Mv iwP‡Z cvwi Agi-Avjq !
Zv hw` bv cvwi, Z‡e euvwP hZ Kvj
†Zvgv‡`wi gvSLv‡b jwf †hb VuvB,
†Zvgiv Zzwj‡e e‡j mKvj weKvj
be be msMx‡Zi Kzmyg dzUvB|
nvwm gy‡L wb‡qv dzj, Zvi c‡i nvq
†d‡j w`‡qv dzj, hw` †m dzj ïKvq \
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Agi AvjqÑ Agi m„wó A‡_©| KvbbÑ evMvb| wPiZiw½ZÑ me©`v K‡jøvwjZ; engvb| RxešÍ n„`q gv‡SÑ iex›`ªbv_
VvKzi Zuvi mg¯Í m„wó‡Z gvby‡li gv‡S †eu‡P _vKvi AvKv•ÿv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Av‡jvP¨ As‡k Zuvi GB AvKv•ÿvi
Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| VuvBÑ wVKvbv; ’vb| be be m½x‡Zi Kzmyg dzUvBÑ iex›`ªbv‡_i m„wói RMr wecyj; gvby‡li
Rxe‡bi wewPÎ Abyfe-Abyf~wZ, fve-fvebv I K‡g©i RMr‡K wZwb Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ cÖvYgq K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Zuvi †mB m„wói ga¨ †_‡K i~c-im-MÜ †hb gvbyl Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ wZwb cÖwZwbqZ dzwU‡q Zzj‡Qb m„wói
Kzmyg| weinwgjb KZ nvwm-AkÖægqÑ gvby‡li Rxeb Kzmygv¯ÍxY© bq| nvwm-Kvbœv; Avb›`-†e`bv wb‡q Zvi Rxeb|
iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi gvbe Rxe‡bi GB ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ ’vb K‡i wb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Avi Zuvi m„wói g‡a¨ d ywU‡q Zzj‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb hvwcZ Rxe‡bi myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvbœvi wecyj GK AvL¨vb| fze‡bÑ c„w_ex‡Z; aivq| jwfÑ jvf Kwi| m~h©
K‡iÑ m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z|
mvims‡ÿc :
`ywbqvUv my›`i| GB my›`i †Q‡o Kwe gi‡Z Pvb bv| wZwb gvby‡li ü`‡q †eu‡P _vK‡Z Pvb| gvby‡li Rxeb nvwm-
Kvbœvq ficyi| Kwe Zuvi Kv‡e¨ Rxe‡bi GB ˆewPΨ‡K Agi iƒc w`‡q gvby‡li wPišÍb fv‡jvevmv †c‡Z Pvb| Agi
Kve¨ bv wjL‡Z cvi‡jI ÿwZ †bB| hZw`b Zuvi Kv‡e¨i cÖvmw½KZv _vK‡e, ZZw`b †hb gvbyl †m¸‡jv MÖnY
K‡iÑ GB Kwei GKvšÍ PvIqv|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨Mªš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q?
K. Kwo I †Kvgj L. ebdzj
M. †mvbvi Zix N. †k‡li KweZv
2. ÔAgi AvjqÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ137
K. m~‡h©i Av‡jv A‡_© L. myia¨vb A‡_©
M. Agi m„wó A‡_© N. myievYx A‡_©
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
msmv‡i we`vq w`‡Z, AuvwL QjQwj
Rxeb AuvKwo awi Avcbvi ewj
`yB fz‡R \
3. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. cÖvY L. Rxeb m½xZ
M. cwjøRbbx N. evsjv kã
4. DÏxcK I Avcbvi cwVZ KweZvq wgj i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ
i. fv‡e ii. Avw½‡K iii. wel‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. i, ii N. i, ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KZ mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib?
K. 1911 L. 1912
M. 1913 N. 1914
6. ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq Kwe †Kv_vq ’vb †c‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
K. m~h©K‡i L. cyw®úZ Kvb‡b
M. bem½x‡Z N. gvb‡ei gv‡S
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avwg wPiZ‡i `~‡i P‡j hve
Zey Avgv‡i †`e bv fzwj‡Z|
7. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei m‡½ wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Yi wgj i‡q‡Q?
i. GB m~h©K‡i GB cyw®úZ Kvb‡b
RxešÍ ü`q-gv‡S hw` ’vb cvB!
ii. cik Zvnvi gv‡qi † œ‡ni g‡Zv
fzjvq LvwbK g‡bi e¨_v hZ!
iii. cv°v bZzb UvUKv Il ya G‡°ev‡i w`wkÑ
`vg K‡iwQ k Ív eo, †PvÏ Avbv wkwk|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i, ii I iii
8. †h Kvi‡Y DÏxcK I mv`„k¨c~Y© Pi‡Y wgj †`Lv hvqÑ
K. m„wói Avb›` L. L¨vwZ jv‡fi AvKv•ÿv
M. m¤úwËi †jvf N. ÿgZv †fv‡Mi AvKv•ÿv
KweZvÑ138 SSC-1651
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
G K_v Rvwb‡Z Zzwg fviZ Ck¦i kvRvnvb
Kvj‡¯ªv‡Z †f‡m hvq Rxeb †hŠeb abgvb|
ïay Ze AšÍi †e`bv
wPišÍb n‡q _vK,
ïay _vK
m¤ªv‡Ui wQj G mvabv
hvq hw` jyß n‡q hvK
Kv‡ji K‡cvjZ‡j ïå mgy¾¡j, G ZvRgnj|
K. ÔebdzjÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU KZ mv‡j cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq?
L. Ôgwi‡Z Pvwn bv Avwg my›`i f ye‡b|Õ ÑKwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb †Kb?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU‡K cÖKvk K‡i? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki kvRvnvb Ges ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq Kwei Abyf~wZ GKB m~‡Î Muv_v|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔebdzjÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU 1876 mv‡j cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq|
L. nvwm, Avb›`, myL-`yt‡L †Niv GB my›`i AvKl©Yxq c„w_ex †Q‡o Kwe wKQz‡ZB P‡j †h‡Z Pvb bv|
c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi AvKv•ÿv wPišÍb| hw`I GUv mK‡jB Rv‡bb gvbyl giYkxj| GB my›`i AvKl©Yxq
c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl Av‡mB cybivq P‡j hvIqvi Rb¨| ZeyI gvbyl G aiYx‡Z euvP‡Z Pvq, wKQz‡ZB nvwi‡q †h‡Z Pvq
bv| Kwe¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ VvKziI Pvb bv G c„w_exi gvS †_‡K nvwi‡q †h‡Z, Pvb bv g‡i †h‡Z| wZwb c„w_exi
gvby‡li ü`q I cÖK…wZi Aciƒc iƒc-jveY¨ w`‡q mvwnZ¨ m„wó Ki‡Z Pvb| Gfv‡e wZwb gnr Kg© m„wó K‡i
gvb‡ei ü`‡q AvRxeb †eu‡P _vK‡Z Pvb| e ‘Z ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq GK_vB wZwb D³ PiYwU Øviv †evSv‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb|
M. DÏxc‡K wb‡Ri m„wói gva¨‡g †eu‡P _vKvi cÖZ¨vkvB ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
iƒc-im-Avb‡›` ficyi GB RMZ my›`i I AvKl©Yxq| gvbyl GLv‡b wbqZ msMÖvg K‡i †eu‡P _vK‡Z I wU‡K
_vK‡Z| Av‡eM I fv‡jvevmvq, gvb I Awfgv‡b, nvwm I Kvbœvq c~Y© G c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvUvB †hb Avb‡›`i|
†KDB Pvq bv GB gvqvex c„w_ex‡Z wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ wejxb K‡i w`‡Z|
ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU‡Z Kweg‡bi GK my›`i AvKv•ÿv Awfe¨³ n‡q‡Q| c„w_exi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i Kwe Ab¨ wKQzi
AvnŸv‡b cÖjyä n‡q g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z Pvb bv| ZvB wZwb cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, KvjRqx iPbv m„wói gva¨‡g
RM‡Zi wbKU Av`„Z nIqvi| DÏxc‡Ki KweZvskUzKz‡Z m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi g‡bi †h evmbv e¨³ n‡q‡Q Zv
ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ Kwei g‡bvfv‡eiB GKUz wfbœiƒc| m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Rv‡bb mg‡qi Kvj‡¯ªv‡Z Rxeb-
†hŠeb-ab-gvb GKw`b meB jyß n‡q hv‡e| ZvB wZwb †P‡q‡Qb wb‡Ri AvcbRb nviv‡bvi †e`bvwU †hb
RM‡Zi gvbyl mn‡R fz‡j bv hvq †mRb¨ wKQz m„wó Ki‡Z| Avi Gi cÖZ¨ÿ dmj AvMÖvq m„ó Agi ZvRgnj|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z m„wóK‡g©i gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Agi‡Z¡i AvKv•ÿvB ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki kvnRvnvb Ges ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi Kwei Abyf~wZ GKm~‡Î Muv_v|
gvby‡li g„Zz¨ Awbevh©| Rb¥MªnY Ki‡j Zv‡K GKmgq g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Rxe‡bi GB aªæe mZ¨wU mK‡ji
Rvbv| ZeyI gvbe g‡bi evmbv †h, †m c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li gv‡S Agi n‡q _vK‡e| †h‡nZz ˆ`wnKfv‡e gvby‡li
Awebk¦i nIqv m¤¢e bq, ZvB Avcb m„wóK‡g©i gva¨‡g gvby‡li g‡b RvMiƒK n‡q _vK‡Z cvivUvB n‡”Q G
AgiZv|
ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvwU‡Z Kwe iex› ªbv_ wbR m„wóK‡g©i gva¨‡g gvby‡li gv‡S †eu‡P _vKvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
gvbe Rxe‡bi nvwm-Kvbœv, myL-`yt‡Li gv‡S wb‡Ri ’vb K‡i wb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ZvB Kwe gvbe Rxe‡bi wewPÎ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ139
Abyfe-Abyf~wZ, fve-fvebv I K‡g©i RMZ‡K Avcb m„wói g‡a¨ cÖvYgq K‡i †Zvjvi B”Qv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Kwei
AeZ©gv‡b gvbyl †hb Rxe‡bi iƒc-im-MÜ Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨B wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zvi be be m„wói
Wvwj| DÏxc‡K m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi Rxe‡bi AvKv•ÿvI ZvB| wZwb Rv‡bb mg‡qi KvjcÖev‡n Zvi cv‡q Pjvi
¯§„wZUzKzI gy‡Q hv‡e| ZvB wZwb m„wó K‡i‡Qb Agi ZvRgnj| m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb †hw`b c„w_ex‡Z _vK‡eb bv,
†mw`b Zvi ZvRgnj c„w_exi ey‡K wU‡K _vK‡e| wZwbI c„w_exi gvby‡li g‡b RvMiƒK _vK‡eb, c„w_exi AbvMZ
Kv‡ji gvbyl Rvb‡e Zvi Ae¨³ ü`‡qi †Mvcb K_v|
AZGe, †`Lv hv‡”Q ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq Kwe †hgb Avcb m„wóK‡g©i gva¨‡g gvby‡li Rxe‡b †eu‡P _vK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb
wVK †Zgwb DÏxc‡KI m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Avcb m„wóK‡g©i gva¨‡g wb‡Ri g‡bv‡e`bv‡K Avengvb Kv‡ji c„w_ex‡Z
eZ©gvb K‡i †h‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki kvnRvnvb Ges ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvq Kwei Abyf~wZ GKBm~‡Î
Muv_v|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
cÖvwYgvÎB giYkxj| Rb¥ gv‡bB g„Zz¨‡K ¯xKvi K‡i †bIqv| Zey gvbyl GB c„w_exi iƒc-im-M‡Ü AvK…ó n‡q †eu‡P
_vK‡Z Pvq| †m m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z, dz‡ji mgv‡iv‡n I †mŠ›`‡h© c„w_ex‡Z wb‡Ri ’vb K‡i †bq| c„w_exi mg Í my›`i‡K
†Q‡o †m AÜKv‡i nviv‡Z Pvq bv| Zvi cÖÁv, †gav I eyw× w`‡q m„wókxj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Rxeb‡K mv_©K K‡i Zzj‡Z
Pvq| Ab¨ K_vq ejv hvq, gvb‡ei Agi‡Z¡i AvKv•ÿv wPiKvjxb|
K. ÔwPiZiw½ZÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
L. ÔRxešÍ ü`q-gv‡S hw` ’vb cvB|Õ ÑK_vwUi gv‡b Kx?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y©? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÔcÖvYÕ KweZvi AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch© DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Ñwe‡kølY Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K 2. M 3. K 4. N 5. M 6. N 7. K 8. K
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó
w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wkÿv_x©eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó
mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv
†evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg
mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|
AwWI/wfwWI
KweZvÑ140 SSC-1651
AÜea~
hZx› ª‡gvnb evMPx
Kwe I mvsevw`K hZx› ª‡gvnb evMPx 1878 wLª÷v‡ãi 27 b‡f¤i b`xqv †Rjvi Rg‡kicyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zuvi ˆcZ…K wbevm ûMwj †Rjvi ejvMo MÖv‡g| KjKvZvi Wvd K‡jR †_‡K 1902 mv‡j wZwb weG cvm K‡ib|
wewfbœ PvKwii cvkvcvwk wewfbœ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wn‡m‡eI wZwb KvR K‡ib| GKmgq wZwb bv‡Uv‡ii gnvivRvi
mwPe wQ‡jb| mgKvjxb A‡bK mvwnwZ¨K cwÎKv Zuvi Øviv mg„× n‡q‡Q| hZx›`ª‡gvnb iex‡›`ªvËi hy‡Mi kw³gvb
Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| cwjøcÖK„wZi †mŠ›`h© I cwjøRxe‡bi nvwm-Kvbœv Zuvi KweZvi GKUv cÖavb ˆewkó¨| MÖvg-
evsjvi k¨vgj w œ» i~c D‡b¥vP‡b wZwb cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb| MÖv‡gi AwZ mvaviY Rxe‡bi myL-`yt‡Li K_v mnR-mij
fvlvq Zuvi KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| fvM¨weow¤Z I wbcxwoZ bvix‡`i K_v wZwb we‡kl `i‡`i m‡½ Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| ÔKvRjvw`w`Õ I ÔAÜea~Õ Zuvi G ai‡bi `ywU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv| 1948 wLª÷v‡ãi 1 †deªyqvwi wZwb
g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : †jLv, †iLv, AcivwRZv, eÜzi `vb, RvMiYx, bxnvwiKv, gnvfviZx;
KweZv : KvRjvw`w`, AÜea~|
AvZ¥K_bg~jK msjv‡ci Av`‡j iwPZ hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPxi ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvq GKRb `„wócÖwZeÜx gvby‡li
Abyf‚wZ‡jv‡Ki cwiPq Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZ mgv‡Ri wbg©gZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| `„wónxb‡`i Amnvq Rxebhvc‡bi
ms‡e`bkxjZvq I Abyf‚wZi g‡a¨ w`‡q †m †h RM‡Zi iƒc-im-MÜ m¤ú‡K© Ávb iv‡L Zv my¯úófv‡e Kwe Dc ’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| Zviv ˆbivk¨ev`x bq; eis Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zv‡`i Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva Av‡Q Ges Zv AvcbR‡bi ggZ¡ cÖZ¨vkv
K‡i| ZvB GB KweZvq mywbc yY fv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
AÜ bvixi KiæY Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Kwei mnvbyf~wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
`„wónxbiv Ab¨ Bw›`ª‡qi mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e Rxeb I RM‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z _v‡K Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ141
cv‡qi Zjvq big †VKj Kx!
Av‡ Í GKUz Pj bv VvKziwS Ñ
Igv, G †h Siv-eKzj! bq?
ZvB‡Zv ewj, e‡m †`v‡ii cv‡k,
ivwˇi KvjÑ gaygw`i ev‡m
AvKvk-cvZvjÑ KZB g‡b nq|
ˆR¨ô Avm‡Z K-w`b †`wi fvB Ñ
Av‡gi Mv‡q eiY †`Lv hvq?
Ñ A‡bK †`wi? †Kgb K‡i n‡e!
†KvwKj-WvKv ï‡bwQ †mB K‡e,
`wLb nvIqv Ñ eÜ K‡e fvB;
`xwNi Nv‡U bZzb wmuwo Rv‡M Ñ
k¨vIjv-wcQj Ñ Ggwb k¼v jv‡M,
cv-wcQwj‡q Zwj‡q hw` hvB!
g›` †bnvZ nq bv wKš‘ Zvq Ñ
AÜ †Pv‡Li Ø›Ø Pz‡K hvq!
`ytL bvB‡Kv mwZ¨ K_v †kvb,
AÜ †M‡j Kx Avi n‡e †evb?
euvPwe †Zviv Ñ `v`v †Zv †Zvi Av‡M?
GB Avlv‡pB Avevi we‡q n‡e,
evwo Avmvi c_ Lyu‡R bv cv‡e Ñ
†`Lwe ZLb Ñ cÖevm †Kgb jv‡M?
Ô†PvL †MjÕ IB †PuwP‡q n‡jv mviv|
Av”Qv w`w`, Kx Ki‡e fvB ZvivÑ
Rb¥ jvwM wM‡q‡Q hvi †PvL!
Kuv`vi myL †h eviY Zvnvi Ñ QvB!
Kuv`‡Z †c‡j euvPZ †m †h fvB,
KZK Zey KgZ †h Zvi †kvK|
Ô†PvL †MjÕÑ Zvi fimv Zey Av‡QÑ
Pÿ znxbvi Kx K_v Kvi Kv‡Q!
Uvwbm †Kb? wK‡mi ZvovZvwoÑ
†mB †Zv wd‡i hve Avevi evwo,
GKjv-_vKv- †mB †Zv M„n‡KvYÑ
Zvi †P‡q GB wmœ» kxZj R‡j
`y‡Uv †hb cÖv‡Yi K_v e‡jÑ
`i`-fiv `y‡Li Avjvcb;
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ142 SSC-1651
cik Zvnvi gv‡qi †mœ‡ni g‡Zv
fzjvq LvwbK g‡bi e¨_v hZ!
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AÜ †Pv‡Li Ø›Ø Pz‡K hvKÑ AÜea~ AbyfeF× gvbyl| AvZ¥gh©v`v †ev‡aI †m mg„×| wKš‘ †m AÜ| GB A܇Z¡i Kó
†m Mfxifv‡e Abyfe K‡i| `xwNi Nv‡U hLb †kIjv cov wcQj wmuwo Rv‡M ZLb †m wcQj †L‡q R‡j c‡o Wz‡e
givi Avk¼v cÖKvk K‡i| Avi GI Abyfe K‡i †h, Wz‡e gi‡j A܇Z¡i Awfkvc NyPZ| wKš‘ KweZvwUi †PZbv
†_‡K g‡b nq, AÜea~ ˆbivk¨ev`x gvbyl bq| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zvi Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva Av‡Q| AÜea~ Ávb iv‡LÑ RM‡Zi
iƒc-im-MÜ m¤ú‡K© Ges Abyf‚wZMÖvn¨ e ‘ m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b| AvKvkcvZvjÑ bvbv welq; bvbvb fvebv-Abyfvebv A‡_©
e¨eüZ| AvjvcbÑ K‡_vcK_b| KZKÑ wKQz; wKq`sk| Kuv`vi myLÑ gvbyl `yt‡L Kuv‡`, †kv‡K Kuv‡`| wKš‘ Kvbœvi
ga¨ w`‡q Zvi `ytL-†kv‡Ki jvNe N‡U; ZvB Kvbœvi g‡a¨I myL Abyfe Kiv hvq| Pz‡KÑ wg‡U hvIqv| †PvL †MjÑ
cvwL we‡kl| GB cvwLi WvK Ô†PvL †MjÕ k‡ãi g‡Zv g‡b nq| ˆR¨ô Avm‡Z K-w`b †`wi fvB...Ñ GKRb
`„wócÖwZeÜx gvby‡li Abyf‡ei AmvaviY GK RMr Av‡jvP¨ As‡k e¨³ n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZi wewPÎ i‡Oi aviYv I
Abyf‡e GB AÜea~ mg„×| †mB Ávb I Abyfe †_‡K †m †R‡b wb‡Z Pvq FZzi weeZ©b| VvKziwSÑ bb`, ¯vgxi
†evb, k¦ïiKb¨v| Zwj‡qÑ Wz‡e| `wLb nvIqvÑ `wÿY w`‡Ki evZvm| †`viÑ `iRv| †bnvZÑ wbZvšÍ, wb‡`bc‡ÿ|
cikÑ ¯úk©| cÖevmÑ wbe©vmb, we‡`k| eviYÑ wb‡la, gvbv| ev‡mÑ myM‡Ü| gaygw`i ev‡mÑ gayi M‡Ü †gvngq|
mvims‡ÿc :
ea~wU AÜ| AÜ n‡jI Zvi Ab¨ Bw›`ªq¸‡jv cÖLi| cv‡qi wb‡P cov eKzj dzj, †KvwK‡ji WvK, `wLbv nvIqv,
wcw”Qj wmuwo BZ¨vw` †m Mfxifv‡e Abyfe K‡i| Gfv‡e †m m¤úwK©Z _v‡K mgq I cÖK…wZi m‡½| wKš‘ AÜ
Rxe‡bi `yM©wZI Kg bq| Zvi aviYv, †m AÜ e‡jB ¯vgx we‡`k †_‡K †`‡k Av‡m bv| evievi g„Zz¨i B”Qv
Rvwb‡q †m Zvi Awfgvbx g‡bi †e`bvB cÖKvk K‡i|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. cv‡qi Zjvq big †V‡KwQj †KvbwU?
K. Siv †Mvjvc L. Siv eKzj M. Siv gvjZx N. Siv K`g
2. ÔAÜea~i †kv‡Ki †evSvÕ †hfv‡e nvjKv n‡q‡QÑ
K. Kuv`‡Z †c‡i L. ev‡ci evwo †h‡Z †c‡i
M. ¯^vgx‡K Kv‡Q †c‡q N. Mvb ïb‡Z †c‡q
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
myfv †h weavZvi Awfkvc¯iƒ‡c Zvnvi wcZ…M„‡n Avwmqv Rb¥MÖnY Kwiqv‡Q GK_v †m wkïKvj nB‡Z eywSqv
jBqvwQj| ZvB ewjqv †m Rxeb‡K Zz”Q g‡b K‡i bvB| M„nK‡g© Zvnvi ALÐ g‡bv‡hvM| ïay ZvnvB bq cÖK…wZi
m‡½ †m cvwZqv wbqvwQj wgZvwj|
3. DÏxc‡Ki myfv I ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi ea~i Awgj †hLv‡bÑ
K. Rxeb fvebvq L. A_©-m¤ú‡` M. Mv‡qi i‡O N. mgvR bxwZ‡Z
4. DÏxc‡Ki myfv I AÜea~i wgZvwj i‡q‡Q †h wel‡q-
i. cÖK…wZ‡cÖ‡g ii. Av‡eM cÖKv‡k iii. AwaKvi Av`v‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ143
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Ô†PvL †MjÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
K. j¾v L. ivM M. cvwL N. dzj
6. ÔAÜea~Õ Kuv`‡Z cvi‡j Kx n‡Zv?
i. `ytL jvNe nZ ii. †kvK Kg nZ iii. ivM †e‡o †hZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
AY©e `„wó cÖwZeÜx| Zvnvi Rxe‡bi ¯vfvweK MwZ iæ× nBqv Av‡Q| mvavi‡Yi `„wóc_ nB‡Z †m Avcbv‡K
†Mvcb Kwiqv ivwL‡Z me©`vB †Póv KwiZ| g‡b KwiZ,Avgv‡K mevB fzwj‡j euvwP|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi †h PwiÎwUi wgj i‡q‡QÑ
i. AÜea~ ii. `v`v iii. VvKziwS
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. Dc‡ii †KvbwUB bq
8. DÏxcK I ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvq mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ
K. ivM L. N„Yv M. Ae‡njv N. Avb›`
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Avgv‡`i mgvR I msmv‡i cÖwZeÜx‡`i‡K †QvU K‡i †`Lv nq, g‡b Kiv nq Zviv †evSv| GUv Kiv DwPZ bq, †Kbbv
ZvivI gvbyl| cÖwZeÜx gvbyl‡K AeÁv Ki‡j Zv‡`i `ytL Av‡iv †e‡o hvq| Avgv‡`i DwPZ Zv‡`i fv‡jvevmv,
Zv‡`i h‡_vchy³ g~j¨ †`qv| wbg©j cwi‡ek †c‡j ZvivI †gavi weKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK Zviv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i
wek¦e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡| GKwU my›`i mgvR Movi Rb¨ Zv‡`i m‡½ Avgv‡`i fv‡jvevmv I ggZ¡gq m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv
cÖ‡qvRb|
K. mgvR Kv‡`i AeÁv K‡i?
L. ÔeuvPwe †Zviv Ñ `v`v †Zv Zvi Av‡M?Õ ÑAÜea~ GK_v e‡j‡Q †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi mv „k¨ wKsev ˆemv`„k¨ Avcbvi wb‡Ri fvlvq Zz‡j ai yb|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi AvswkK fve aviY K‡i‡Q|Ó Ñ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. mgvR `„wónxb‡`i AeÁv K‡i|
L. AÜea~ g‡b K‡i AÜ e‡j †m mK‡ji wbKU †evSv| ZvB g‡bi `yt‡L †m Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
mgv‡R I msmv‡i `„wónxb e‡j AÜea~ wb‡R‡K Lye Amnvq g‡b K‡i| Zvi aviYv †h wb‡Ri msmv‡iI †m
D‡cwÿZ| †m wb‡R‡K msmv‡i GKwU †evSv e‡j g‡b K‡i| Zvi aviYv †m g‡i †M‡j Zvi ¯^vgx, VvKziwS mevB
hš¿Yv †_‡K gyw³ cv‡e| Gme K_v g‡b K‡i †m VvKziwSi D‡Ï‡k¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨ bq, ‰emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| AÜea~i cÖwZeÜKZv Rq Ki‡Z bv cvivi
welqwUB DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ‰emv`„k¨c~Y© n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZeÜxiv Avgv‡`i mgv‡R we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ gvbyl| mgv‡R Pj‡Z †M‡j Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li mn‡hvwMZvi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM Ges h‡_ó cwigvY mnvqZv †c‡j ZvivI cÖwZeÜx Ae¯’v KvwU‡q mgv‡Ri Ab¨
Kg©ÿg gvby‡li g‡Zv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
KweZvÑ144 SSC-1651
Avgv‡`i Av‡jvP¨ ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvq AÜea~ GKRb `„wócÖwZeÜx| `„wó cÖwZeÜx n‡jI †m cÖK…wZ‡cÖgx| †m Zvi
Abyf‡ei mvnv‡h¨ c„w_exi iƒc-im-MÜ m¤ú‡K© h‡_ó AewnZ| wKš‘ †m mgv‡Ri GKRb Kg©ÿg gvbyl bq|
wb‡Ri cÖwZeÜKZv‡K AwZµg K‡i †m mgv‡Ri ¯vfvweK gvby‡li gZ mÿg ev e¨ Í n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i wb|
Ab¨w`‡K DÏxcKwU‡Z Gi wecixZ wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cÖwZeÜxiv h_vh_ g‡bv‡hvM I mnvqZv †c‡j yt‡Li
AÜKvi †Q‡o Av‡jvwKZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK Zviv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i wek¦e‡iY¨ e¨w³Z¡ | †m
K_vI i‡q‡Q DÏxc‡K| ZvB ejv hvq ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvq AÜea~i kvixwiK cÖwZeÜKZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z bv cvivi
e¨_©ZvUvB DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© nq wb|
N. mgvR I iv‡óª cÖwZeÜxiv ch©vß my‡hvM †c‡j wb‡R‡`i ¯vfvweKfv‡eB weKwkZ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|
mgv‡R cÖwZeÜxiv ¯vfvweK gvby‡li g‡Zv bq| Zv‡`i‡K Ae‡njv bv K‡i Avgv‡`i we‡kl `„wó‡Z †`Lv DwPZ|
†Kbbv mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j GB we‡kl ai‡bi gvbyl¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i †g‡j ai‡Z cv‡i| ZvivI `yt‡Li
AÜKvi †Q‡o Av‡jvwKZ Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i|
ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvq AÜea~ Rb¥ †_‡KB AÜ| Avevi †m cwjøMÖv‡g gvbyl| Aek¨ AÜea~ h‡_ó Abyf’wZ m¤úbœ
gvbyl| Zey Zvi Rxeb ¯vfvweKfv‡e weKwkZ nq wb| d‡j †m ¯wbf©i bq| Zvi Rxeb `ytL-K‡ó cwic~Y©|
¯vgxi cÖZxÿv,cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨ _vKv wKsev M„n‡KvY Zvi Rxe‡bi Abyl½| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxcKwU‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q
ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi wecixZ w`K¸‡jv| DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖwZeÜx‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Dchy³ cwi‡ek
†c‡j ZvivI †gavi weKvk NUv‡Z cv‡i| Avi Avgv‡`i DwPZ n‡e cÖwZeÜx‡`i cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Avi mngwg©Zvi
nvZ evwo‡q †`qv|
cÖwZeÜx‡`i AeÁvi †Pv‡L †`Lv DwPZ bq| ZvivI Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv weKwkZ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| †m Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
cÖwZeÜx‡`i cÖwZ †ewk K‡i BwZevPK g‡bvfve †`Lv‡bv| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ZvB ejv hvq, ÔAÜea~Õ
KweZvwU DÏxc‡Ki AvswkK †PZbv aviY K‡i‡Q|Õ ÑgšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
†n Kwe bxie †Kb dv¸b †h G‡m‡Q aivq,
em‡šÍ ewiqv Zzwg j‡e bv wK Ze e›`bvq,
Kwnj †m w¯œ» AvuvwL ZzwjÑ
Ò`wÿY `yqvi †M‡Q Lywj?Ó
K. hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPxi Kwegvb‡mi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU?
L. ÔAÜ †Pv‡Li Ø›ØÕ ÑK_vwU eywS‡q ej yb|
M. DÏxcKwU ÔAÜea~Õ KweZvi †Kvb As‡ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? Ñ e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÒAÜea~Õ KweZvwUi mvgwMÖK Ask bq, GKwU we‡kl w`K DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ó ÑAv‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. L 2. K 3. K 4. K 5. M 6. N 7. K 8. M
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ145
Sibvi Mvb
m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `Ë
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë 1882 wLª÷v‡ãi 11 †deªæqvwi KjKvZvi Kv‡Q wbgZv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cÖv_wgK evsjv-M‡`¨i
cÖvYcyiæl I ÔZË¡‡evwabxÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K AÿqKzgvi `Ë wQ‡jb Zuvi wcZvgn| cvwЇZ¨i GKwU cÖej †S uvK
DËivwaKvi-m~‡Î wZwb Zuvi wcZvg‡ni wbKU †_‡K †c‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi G cvwЇZ¨i Qvc A‡bK KweZvi g‡a¨I
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| iex›`ªbv‡_i Kve¨-cÖwZfv hLb ga¨MM‡b, m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi ZLb Avwef©ve| wZwb iex›`ªbv‡_i
cÖfveej‡qi evB‡iI GKwU ¯Zš¿ Kve¨-cÖwZfvi cwiPq w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb; †h Kvi‡Y, wZwb evsjv Kve¨ RM‡Z
mgv`„Z n‡q Av‡Qb| KweZvi Q›` I i~‡ci ˆbc y‡Y¨i Rb¨ wZwb Q‡›`i hv`yKi wn‡m‡e evsjvi Kve¨ RM‡Z cwiwPZ|
mvaviY gvbyl †hgb Zuvi Kv‡e¨i DcRxe¨; †Zgwb Avevi AwZ mvaviY †`kR kã, wejyßcÖvq kã e¨envi K‡i wZwb
fvlvi kã fvÐvi e„w× K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi KweZv kãwbg©vY †KŠkj, kã I fvlv e¨env‡ii KviæKv‡h© ˆewkó¨gwÐZ| evsjv
Kve¨ mvwn‡Z¨ Abyev‡`i cw_K…r wnmv‡eI wZwb ¯xK…Z| wZwb Aviwe, dviwm, wPbv, Rvcvwb, Bs‡iwR, divwm I
Dcgnv‡`‡ki eû fvlv †_‡K KweZv Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi ÔKve¨ mÂqbÕ bv‡g GKwU KweZv msMÖn Av‡Q|
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë gvÎ 40 ermi eq‡m 1922 wLª÷v‡ãi 25 Ryb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : mweZv, mwÜÿY, †eYy I exYv, †nvgwkLv, Kzû I †KKv, Aå Avexi, †ejv †k‡li Mvb, we`vq AviZx|
Ab‚w`Z Kve¨MÖš’ : Zx_©‡iYy, Zx_©-mwjj, fz‡ji dmj|
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi cÖK…wZ welqK ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvwU‡Z Kwe cÖK…wZi wewPÎ Abyl‡½i iƒc †mŠ›`‡h©i Zzjbv, cvnvwo
cÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki m¤úK© Ges cvnvwo Sibvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Kwe GB KweZvq Sibvi
PÂj MwZgqZv, PgrKvi aŸwb-gvayh© Ges wb_i cv_‡ii ey‡K c`wPý †i‡L hvIqv g‡bvgy»Ki I g‡bvni cÖvK…wZK
†mŠ›`h© m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡q‡Qb| cÖK…wZi GB †mŠ›`h© Ae‡jvK‡b Kwe gvbwmK kvwšÍ I Kg©¯ú„nv‡K kvwYZ Kivi
cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
Sibvi Pjvi MwZ I c‡_i †mŠ›`h© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
KweZvi Q›` I Aj¼v‡ii †mŠ›`h© m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ146 SSC-1651
Pcj cvq †Kej avB,
†Kej MvB cixi Mvb,
cyjK †gvi mKj Mvq,
we‡fvj †gvi mKj cÖvY|
wkw_j me wkjvi ci
PiY _yB †`v`yj gb,
`ycyi-†fvi wSuwSui WvK,
wSgvq c_, Nygvq eb|
weRb †`k, K~Rb bvB
wb‡Ri cvq evRvB Zvj,
GKjv MvB, GKjv avB,
w`em ivZ, muvS mKvj|
SzuwK‡q Nvo Szg-cvnvo
fq `¨vLvq, †PvL cvKvq;
k¼v bvB, mgvb hvB,
UMi-dzj-b~cyi cvq,
†Kvb wMwii wng jjvU
Nvgj †gvi D™¢‡e,
†Kvb cixi UzUzj nvi
†Kvb bv‡Pi Drm‡e|
†Lqvj bvB-bvB †i fvB
cvB wb Zvi msev`B,
avB jxjvq, ÑwLjwLjvBÑ
eyjeywji †evj mvwa|
eb-SvD‡qi †Svc¸jvq
Kvjmv‡ii `j P‡i,
wks wkjvq-wkjvi Mvq,
WvjwPwbi is a‡i|
Suvwc‡q hvB, jvwd‡q avB,
`ywj‡q hvB APj-VuvU,
bvwo‡q hvB, evwo‡q hvBÑ
wUjvi Mvq Wvwjg-dvU|
kvwjK ïK eyjvq gyL
_j-SuvwSi gLg‡j,
Rwii Rvj AvsivLvq
A½ †gvi Sjg‡j|
wb‡gœ avB, ïb‡Z cvB
ÔdwUK Rj|Õ nuvK‡Q †K,
KÉv‡ZB Z…òv hvi
wbK bv †mB cuvK †Qu‡K|
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ147
MiR hvi Rj mu¨vPvi
cvZKzqvq hvK bv †mB,
my›`‡ii Z…òv hvi
Avgiv avB Zvi Av‡kB|
Zvi †Luv‡RB weivg †bB
wejvB ZvbÑZij †k−vK,
P‡Kvi Pvq P›`ªgvq,
Avgiv PvB gy»-†PvL|
Pcj cvq †Kej avB
Dcj-Nvq w`B wSwjK,
`yj †`vjvB gb †fvjvB,
wSjwgjvB w`wM¦w`K|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AvsivLvÑ j¤^v I wXjv †cvkvK we‡kl| D™¢eÑ Drcbœ, Rb¥| Dcj-NvqÑ cv_‡ii AvNv‡Z| K~RbÑ cvwLi WvK|,
MiRÑ `iKvi; cÖ‡qvRb| wMwiÑ cvnvo; ce©Z| P‡KviÑ cvwL we‡kl, Kwe-Kíbv Abyhvqx GB cvwL Puv‡`i Av‡jv
cvb K‡i| P›`ªgvÑ Puv‡`i Av‡jv| PcjÑ Aw ’i; PÂj| SuvwSÑ GK cÖKvi RjR ¸j¥; eûw`b a‡i Rgv †kIjv|
Szg-cvnvoÑ bxie cvnvo; wbR©b cvnvo| Zij †køvKÑ jNy ev nvjKv Pv‡ji KweZv| ZvbÑ myi| _jÑ ’j| avBÑ
†`Š‡o cvwj‡q hvIqv; avIqv| cvZKzqvÑ KuvPv Kzqv; †QvU Kzqv| cyjK- wkniY| ÔdwUK RjÕÑ PvZK cvwL WvK‡j
ÔdwUK RjÕ k‡ãi g‡Zv †kvbv hvq| weRbÑ wbR©b; Rbk~b¨; wbf…Z| we‡fvjÑ A‡PZb; we‡fvi; week; wenej|
wejvBÑ weZiY Kwi; cwi‡ekb Kwi (we‡jv‡bv †_‡K)| †eva- Abyf‚wZ; Dcjwä| †evjÑ eywj; K_v| gLgjÑ †Kvgj
I wgwn Kvco| jjvUÑ Kcvj| ïKÑ wU‡q cvwL| wkw_jÑ kø_; Aembœ; RoZzj¨| wkjvÑ cv_i| muvSÑ mܨv|
mu¨vPviÑ †mPb Kivi ev cvwb †Zvjvi hš¿| wngÑ Zzlvi; eid|
mvims‡ÿc :
Sibvi Av‡Q MwZi †mŠ›`h©| `~i cvnv‡o Rb¥ wb‡q weRb c‡_ †m GKvKx †a‡q P‡j| Pjv‡ZB Zvi Avb›`|
Avkcv‡ki w`‡K bRi bv w`‡qB †m Sjg‡j A½ wb‡q Qz‡U hvq| †m Pvq bv, Zvi ¯”Q cvwb‡Z †KD wccvmv
†gUvK| †mŠ›`h©B Zvi g~j cwiPq| ZvB †m †h‡Z Pvq Zvi Kv‡Q, hvi my›`i †`Lvi †PvL Av‡Q|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Sibv Kx‡mi Mvb K‡i?
K. eyjeywji L. wSuwSui M. kvwj‡Ki N. cwii
2. dwUK R‡ji Kx n‡q‡Q?
K. Z…òv †c‡q‡Q L. K¬vwšÍ †c‡q‡Q M. ÿzav †j‡M‡Q N. Kó †j‡M‡Q
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
ÔSibv| Sibv| my›`ix Sibv|
ZiwjZ Pw›`ªKv| P›`b eY©v|
AÂj wmwÂZ †MŠwiK ¯‡Y,©
wMwi gwjøKv †`v‡j KzšÍ‡j K‡Y©|Õ
KweZvÑ148 SSC-1651
3. DÏxcKwUi m‡½ wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. cÖvY L. gvbyl M. Sibvi Mvb N. muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q
4. DÏxcK I cvV¨ KweZvq †h welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. †mŠ›`h©gqZv ii. MwZgqZv iii. PÂjZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. ÔdwUK RjÕ Kx?
K. wd‡½ cvwL L. gqbv cvwL M. PvZK cvwL N. û`û` cvwL
6. ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvq cvnvo Kxfv‡e Nygvq?
K. gy‡Lvk c‡i L. jvwV wb‡q M. Nvo Nywi‡q N. agK w`‡q
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Pzwbqv †Zv fv‡jvev‡m kvšÍw œ» c~wY©gvi Puv`,
Pzwbqv cÖK…Z †eŠ× ¯fv‡ei wbwiwewj meyR cÖK…wZ
Pzwbqv †hvRbe¨vcx g‡bvig Avw`evmx f~wg|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔSY©vi MvbÕ KweZvwUi †Kvb wel‡q wgj i‡q‡Q?
K. cÖK…wZ L. gvbyl M. Q›` N. fve
8. DÏxcK I ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. cÖK…wZi kvk¦Z Av‡e`b L. cÖK…wZi iæ²Zv
M. cÖK…wZi gv`KZv N. cÖK…wZi fqvenZv
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Awb›`¨ my›`i †`k evsjv‡`k| G‡`‡ki †Kv_vI cvnvo, †Kv_vI mgy`ª Avevi †Kv_vIev we‡fvj wP‡Ë Qz‡U Pjv
Sibv| evsjvi GB †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ ïå Ges Zvi eÜyiv †mevi Qz‡U wM‡qwQj cve©Z¨ †Rjv ev›`iev‡b|
†mLv‡b Zviv †`‡L‡Q cvnv‡oi Mv †e‡q wQU‡K cov Pjgvb Sibvi Rjaviv| Sibvi Aweivg Rjaviv gvbe ü`‡q
GK Awbe©Pbxq Avb‡›`i mÂvi K‡i| cwZZ G Rjivwki aŸwbgvayh© I eY©‰efe GKK_vq Ac~e©| ïåi fvebvq,
cÖK…wZi Agwjb †mŠ›`‡h©i Avavi Sibv|
K. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÔQ‡›`i ivRvÕ e‡j †K cwiwPZ?
L. Ôk¼v bvB, mgvb hvBÕ Ñej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi mv „k¨¸‡jv Zz‡j ai yb|
N. ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi g~jfve cÖKvk Kivq DÏxc‡Ki mvdj¨ wePvi Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Kwe m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Q‡›`i ivRv e‡j cwiwPZ|
L. Ôk¼v bvB, mgvb hvBÕ ej‡Z Sibvi wbf©q I k¼vnxb Pjvi MwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cÖK…wZi wewPÎ Dcv`v‡b mg„× G c„w_ex| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU Awb›`¨ Dcv`vb Sibv| Íä cv_‡ii ey‡K GK
Avb‡›`i wPnè Sibv| ˆ`‡Z¨i g‡Zv Nvo Nywi‡q fq †`Lv‡bv cvnvo †_‡K †b‡g Av‡m Sibv| Zvi Avb›`gq
c`aŸwb‡Z ce©Z †_‡K †a‡q Av‡m mv`v Rjivwki aviv| Pcjv, PÂjv G Sibv fq Kv‡K e‡j Rv‡b bv| †m
Rv‡b bv Pjvi MwZ _vgv‡Z ev Kgv‡Z| ZvB Sibv Zvi Pjvi G ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Q, Ôk¼v bvB,mgvb hvBÕ|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ149
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi bvbv wel‡q wgj i‡q‡Q|
cÖK…wZ †mŠ›`‡h©i GK Abycg Avavi| †m Zvi bvbv Av‡qvR‡b c„w_ex‡K cwic~Y© K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| b`-b`x, cvnvo-
ce©Z, ˆkjcÖcvZ, Sibv Zvi Ab¨Zg D`vniY|
DÏxc‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ev›`ievb †Rjvi GKwU Sibvi †mŠ›`h© cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b ïå Ges Zvi eÜziv
†`‡L‡Q cvnv‡oi Mv †_‡K wQU‡K cov Pjgvb Sibvi Aweivg aviv| Sibvi Awb‡KZ Rjaviv Zv‡`i g‡b
Awbe©Pbxq Avb‡›`i mÂvi K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q G aŸwbgvayh© I eY©‰efe Ac~e© g‡b n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔSY©vi
MvbÕ KweZvq Sibv wb‡RB Zvi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv K‡i‡Q| †m PÂj cv‡q cyjwKZ MwZgqZvq Íä cv_‡ii ey‡K
Avb‡›`i c`wPnè Gu‡K Qz‡U P‡j| †m ce©Z †_‡K †b‡g Avmv Avb›`gq c`aŸwbi mv`v Rjivwki aviv| wMwi
†_‡K cwZZ GB A¤^yivwk cv_‡ii ey‡K AvNvZ †n‡b PZzw`©‡K Qwo‡q c‡o †h Ac~e© †mŠ›`‡h©i m„wó K‡i‡Q Zv
mwZ¨B g‡bvgy»Ki| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxcK I ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZv `ywUiB DcRxe¨ cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb Ges Gi †mŠ›`h© I eY©wefv|
c„w_exi cÖK…wZ RM‡Z Qwo‡q Av‡Q wewPÎ me Dcv`vb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb Zvi Avcb ˆewk‡ó¨ ¯gwngvq
D™¢vwmZ| GB ¯vZ‡š¿¨i Kvi‡YB Zv n‡q‡Q| DÏxcK Ges ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq Avgiv `ywU Sibvi KviæKvh©gq
c_Pjv Ges Zvi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM Kwi|
DÏxc‡K ev›`ievb †Rjvi GKwU Sibvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G Sibv cvnv‡oi Mv †_‡K wQU‡K cov GKwU Pjgvb
Rjaviv| ïå I Zvi eÜz‡`i Kv‡Q SibvwUi Aweivg Rjaviv Awbe©Pbxq Avb‡›`i Drm wn‡m‡e aiv w`‡q‡Q|
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q SibvwUi aŸwbgvayh© I eY©‰efe g‡bvni g‡b n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq Sibv Zvi
Avcb ˆewkó¨ wb‡q dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b Sibv PÂjv Pcjv wMwi bw›`bx| Zvi cv cyjwKZ MwZgq| †m †hb
cv_‡ii ey‡K Avb‡›`i wPnè| GB Sibv cvnvo †_‡K Avb›`gq c`aŸwb‡Z †b‡g Avmv GK PÂj mv`v Rjivwki
aviv| G Rjavivi †mŠ›`h© Ges Awgq ¯v` ZzjbviwnZ|
DÏxc‡K Sibvi Acvw_©e cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Ges GB †mŠ›`h© gvbe g‡b †h cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i Zvi eY©bv
i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv‡Z cvIqv hvq †mŠ›`h©wccvmy g‡bi AvZ¥vi †LvivK| Aciw`‡K ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvq
Sibvi Pjvi c‡_i †h cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© Zv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cvnvo, wkjv, eb, wUjv, eyjeywj cvwL BZ¨vw` bvbv
cÖvK…wZK Dcv`v‡b c~Y© K‡i Kwe Zvi KweZvwU‡K M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi
g~jfve Zz‡j ai‡Z mdj n‡q‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
m„wóKZ©v c„w_ex‡K wewPÎ Dcv`v‡b mw¾Z K‡i‡Qb| Gi Ab¨Zg wb`k©b nj Sibv| Sibv cyjwKZ MwZgq Q‡›`
c„w_exi ey‡K c`wPnè Gu‡K Qz‡U P‡j| Zvi PÂj I Avb›`gq c`aŸwb‡Z ce©Z †_‡K †b‡g Av‡m mv`v Rjivwk|
cvnvo †_‡K cwZZ GB Rjivwk c„w_exi ey‡K GK †gvnbxq Av‡ek m„wó K‡i| mwZ¨B, c„w_exi Awb›`¨ my›`i GK
Dcv`vb Sibv|
K. ÔZË¡‡evwabxÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K wQ‡jb †K?
L. †Kb m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `ˇK ÔQ‡›`i ivRvÕ ejv nq?
M. †Kvb w`K w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiæb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔSibvi MvbÕ KweZvwUi GKwU we‡kl w`K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, cy‡iv As‡ki cÖwZdjb N‡Uwb|Ó
ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. N 2. K 3. M 4. N 5. M 6. M 7. K 8. K
KweZvÑ150 SSC-1651
gvbyl
KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg
KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg 1899 mv‡ji 25 †g (evsjv 1306 mv‡ji 11 ˆR¨ô) cwðge‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj
gnKzgvi Pziæwjqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi WvK bvg `yLy wgqv| Zuvi wcZvi bvg KvRx dwKi Avng` Ges gvZvi
bvg Rv‡n`v LvZzb| bRiæj Aí eq‡mB wcZvgvZv `yRb‡KB nvivb| ˆkke †_‡KB `vwi`ª Avi `ytL-Kó Zuvi m½x
n‡qwQj| ¯‹z‡ji aivevav Rxe‡b KL‡bvB wZwb AvK…ó nbwb| †Q‡j‡ejvq wZwb †j‡Uv Mv‡bi `‡j †hvM †`b| c‡i
ea©gv‡b I gqgbwms‡ni wÎkvj _vbvi `wiivgcyi nvB¯‹z‡j †jLvcov K‡ib| 1914 mv‡j cÖ_g wek¦hy× ïiæ n‡j 49
bs evOvwj cë‡b †hvM w`‡q KivwP‡Z hvb| hyׇk‡l bRiæj KjKvZvq wd‡i Av‡mb I mvwnZ¨mvabvq g‡bvwb‡ek
K‡ib| 1921 mv‡j Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZv cÖKv‡ki ci mvwnZ¨‡ÿ‡Î wZwb we‡ ªvnx Kwe wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ nb| Zuvi †jLvq
wZwb we‡`wk kvmK, mvgvwRK AwePvi I Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× ewjô K‡É cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q‡Qb| bRiæj mvwnZ¨
iPbv QvovI cÖvq Pvi nvRvi Mv‡bi iPwqZv| wZwb †ek K‡qKwU cwÎKvI m¤úv`bv K‡ib| wZwb MRj, †Lqvj I
ivMcÖavb Mvb iPbv K‡i L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi mv_©K e¨envi Zuvi KweZv‡K wewkóZv `vb
K‡i‡Q| Mí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK I cÖeÜ iPbvqI wZwb KzkjZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| bRiæj 1940 mv‡ji w`‡K
`yiv‡ivM¨ †iv‡M Avµvš Í n‡q evKkw³ nvwi‡q †d‡jb| 1972 mv‡j Kwe‡K XvKvq Avbv nq| Zuv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki
RvZxq Kwei gh©v`vq Awfwl³ Kiv nq| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK wWwjU Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1976
mv‡ji 29 AvM÷ wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq gmwR` cÖv½‡Y Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
bRiy‡ji cÖavb iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : AwMœ-exYv, we‡li euvkx, mvg¨ev`x, me©nviv, dwYgbmv, QvqvbU;
Dcb¨vm : evuabnviv, Kz‡nwjKv, g„Zz¨ÿzav;
Mí : e¨_vi `vb, wi‡³i †e`b;
cÖeÜ : hyMevYx, iæ`ªg½j, `yw`©‡bi hvÎx, ivRe›`xi Revbe›`x|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU we‡`ªvnx I RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi Ômvg¨ev`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K m¤úv`bv K‡i msKwjZ
n‡q‡Q| KweZvwU‡Z gvbe †mevi ga¨ w`‡qB †h gbyl¨‡Z¡i eo cwiPq wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Zv Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l gvby‡li gwngv, ag©MÖš’ I AvPvi Abyôv‡bi †P‡q gvby‡li ¸iæZ¡ Ges mgv‡Ri Z_vKw_Z
†gvjøv cy‡ivwnZ‡`i ¯iƒc D‡b¥vPb K‡i Kwe Zvi mvg¨ev`x `„wófw½ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb GB KweZv‡Z|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
mv‡g¨i aviYvi GKUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
a‡g©i eiv‡Z hviv gvby‡li AwaKvi j•Nb K‡i, Zv‡`i ¯iƒc we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ151
Mvwn mv‡g¨i Mvb Ñ
gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQz bvB, b‡n wKQz gnxqvb
bvB †`k-Kvj-cv‡Îi †f`, A‡f` ag©RvwZ,
me †`‡k me Kv‡j N‡iÑN‡i wZwb gvby‡li ÁvwZ|
Ôc~Rvix, `yqvi †Lv‡jv,
ÿ zavi VvKzi `uvov‡q `yqv‡i c~Rvi mgq n‡jv !Õ
¯cb †`wLqv AvKzj c~Rvix Lywjj fRbvjq,
†`eZvi e‡i AvR ivRv-UvRv n‡q hv‡e wbðq !
RxY©-e ¿ kxY©-MvÎ, ÿzavq KÉ ÿxYÑ
WvwKj cvš’, ÔØvi †Lv‡jv evev, LvBwb †Zv mvZ w`b !Õ
mnmv eÜ n‡jv gw›`i, fzLvwi wdwiqv P‡j,
wZwgiivwÎ, c_ Ry‡o Zvi ÿ zavi gvwbK R¡‡j !
fzLvwi dzKvwiÕ Kq,
ÔH gw›`i c~Rvixi, nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq !Õ
gmwR‡` Kvj wkiwb AvwQj, Ñ A‡Xj †Mv¯ Í iæwU
euvwPqv wMqv‡Q, †gvjøv mv‡ne †n‡m ZvB KzwU KzwU,
Ggb mgq G‡jv gymvwdi Mv‡q AvRvwii wPb
e‡j, Ôevev, Avwg fzLv dvKv AvwQ AvR wb‡q mvZ w`b !Õ
†Zwiqv nBqv nuvwKj †gvjøvÑÔf¨vjv n‡jv †`wL †jVv,
fzLv AvQ gi †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡q ! bgvR cwom †eUv ?Õ
fzLvwi Kwnj, Ôbv evev !Õ †gvjøv nuvwKjÑÔZv n‡j kvjv
†mvRv c_ †`L !Õ †Mv¯ Í-iæwU wbqv gmwR‡` w`j Zvjv|
fzLvwi wdwiqv P‡j,
Pwj‡Z Pwj‡Z e‡jÑ
ÔAvwkUv eQi †K‡U †Mj, Avwg WvwKwb †Zvgvq Kfz,
Avgvi ÿzavi Abœ Zv e‡j eÜ Kiwb cÖfz|
Ze gmwR` gw›`‡i cÖfy bvB gvby‡li `vwe|
†gvjøv cyiæZ jvMv‡q‡Q Zvi mKj `yqv‡i Pvwe !Õ
†Kv_v †Pw½m, MRwb gvgy`, †Kv_vq Kvjvcvnvo ?
†f‡O †dj H fRbvj‡qi hZ Zvjv-†`Iqv Øvi !
†Lv`vi N‡i †K KcvU jvMvq, †K †`q †mLv‡b Zvjv ?
me Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv !
nvq †i fRbvjq,
†Zvgvi wgbv‡i Pwoqv fÐ Mv‡n ¯v‡_©i Rq !
(ms‡ÿwcZ)
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
A‡f`Ñ Awfbœ; wbwe©‡k‡l| AvRvwiÑ iyM&Y; e¨w_Z| KcvUÑ `iRvi cvjøv| KvjvcvnvoÑ cÖK…Z bvg ivRP›`ª ev
ivRK…ò; ivRbvivqY; Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z wZwb eªvþY wQ‡jb| c‡i Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb A‡bK †`evjq
aŸsm K‡i‡Qb| hviv cweÎ Dcvmbvj‡qi `‡ivRv eÜ K‡i Zv‡`i aŸs‡mi Rb¨ KweZvq Kvjvcvnvo‡K AvnŸvb
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ152 SSC-1651
Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ÿzavi VvKziÑ ÿzavZ© gvbyl‡K †`eZvÁvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb ÔAwZw_ bvivqYÕ| ÿzavi gvwbK R¡‡jÑ
ÿzavZ© e¨w³i RViR¡vjv A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| MRwb gvgy`Ñ MRwbi myjZvb gvngy`| wZwb m‡Zi evi fviZel©
AvµgY K‡i aŸsmjxjv Pvjvb| GLv‡b Zuv‡K Dcvmbvj‡qi fÐ `yqvwi‡`i aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
†Mv-fvMvoÑ g„Z Miæ †djvi wbw`©ó ’vb| †Pw½mÑ †Pw½m Lvb; g‡½vjxq `ya©l© †bZv| ÁvwZÑ m‡MvÎ; ¯Rb; GKB
es‡k RvZ e¨w³| VvKziÑ †`eZv| wZwgi ivwÎÑ AÜKvi ivZ| †ZwiqvÑ D×Zfv‡e; DMÖfv‡e| ØviÑ `iRv; `yqvi|
cvš’Ñ cw_K| cyiæZÑ cy‡ivwnZ; c~RvP©bv cwiPvjbvi gyL¨ e¨w³| c~RvixÑ c~RvKvix; DcvmK; cy‡ivwnZ| dzKvwiÑ
wPrKvi K‡i| eiÑ Avkxe©v`; Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K Kvw•ÿZ e ‘ ev welq| fRbvjqÑ Dcvmbvi M„n ev Ni| fÐÑ KcU;
fvbKvix| fyLvwiÑ ÿzavZ© e¨w³| gnxqvbÑ AwZ gnvb| gymvwdiÑ mdiKvix; cw_K; AvMš‘K| wkiwbÑ gymjgvb ev
wn› y KZ©„K mZ¨cxi ev Ab¨ cx‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡e`‡bi Rb¨ AvUv, gq`v, wPwb, Kjv, cv‡qm BZ¨vw`i ˆZwi †fvM
we‡kl; wdiwb| kxY©-MvÎÑ †ivMv kixi cvZjv †`n| mvg¨Ñ mgZv|
mvims‡ÿc :
gvbe-mgv‡R ag©-eY©-†Mv‡Îi †f` Av‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi †P‡q eo mZ¨ nj: gvbyl wn‡m‡e mevB mgvb| ÿzavZ© cw_K
Lvevi †P‡qwQj gw›`‡i| mvZw`‡bi Dcevmx GB cw_KB c‡i wM‡qwQj gmwR‡`| ch©vß Lvevi wQj| wKš‘ gw›`‡ii
c~Rvix Avi gmwR‡`i †gvjøv Lvevi †`qwb| GUv ag©m¤§Z bq| ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ †KD †KD a‡g©i bxwZ j•Nb K‡i|
Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e| gvby‡li gh©v`v I mvg¨ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mwµq n‡Z n‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gymvwdi KZw`b Afy³ wQj?
K. GKw`b L. wZbw`b
M. cuvPw`b N. mvZw`b
2. Ôf¨vjv n‡jv †`wL †jVvÕ cO&w³wU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. mskq L. Drmvn
M. weiw³ N. Avb›`
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ô†K †Zvgvq e‡j eviv½bv gv †K †`q _y_y IB Mv‡q,
nq‡Zv †Zvgvq Íb w`‡q‡Q mxZvmg mZx gv‡q|Õ
3. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †hLv‡b mv`„k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. gvbyl‡K N„Yv bv Kiv L. ag©B mevi Dc‡i
M. mgv‡Ri Dbœqb N. cy‡ivwn‡Zi Ck¦i fw³
4. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq †h wel‡qÑ
i. gvbweKZv
ii. mn‡hvwMZv
iii. mngwg©Zv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. ii I iii
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ153
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Kvjv cvnv‡oi cÖK…Z bvg Kx?
i. ivRP›`ª ii. ivRK…ò iii. ivRbvivqY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. Dc‡ii me KqwU
6. ÔfzLv AvQ gi †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡q! bgvR cwom †eUv?Õ ÑevK¨wU‡Z †gvjøvi †Kvb e³e¨ cÖKvk cvq?
K. AmnvqZ¡ L. Av‡e`b M. N„Yv N. wbôziZv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ÔZvivB gvbyl, ZvivB †`eZv, Mvwn Zvnv‡`wi Mvb,
Zv‡`wi e¨w_Z e‡ÿ cv †d‡j Av‡m be DÌvb|Õ
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y© KweZv njÑ
K. cÖvY L. AÜea~
M. †mBw`b GB gvV N. gvbyl
8. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. gvby‡li gbyl¨Z¡‡eva ii. cy‡ivwn‡Zi Ck¦i fw³ iii. civaxbZvi weiæ‡× jovB
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Ac‡ii Rb¨ Zzwg †Zvgvi cÖvY `vI, Avwg Zv ej‡Z PvB †b| Ac‡ii ÿz`ª ÿz`ª `ytL Zzwg `~i Ki| Aci‡K GKUzLvwb
myL `vI| Ac‡ii m‡½ GKUzLvwb wgwó K_v ej| c‡_i Amnvq gvbylwUi w`‡K GKUz m`q `„wó wb‡ÿc Ki,Zvn‡jB
n‡e| `ytLx gvby‡li †QvU †QvU `ytL `~i Kiv, Amnvq gvby‡li g‡b Avkv RvMv‡bv, wKsev wecbœ gvby‡li cv‡k
`uvov‡bvi g‡Zv †QvU †QvU DcKv‡i eªZx nIqvi g‡a¨B gbyl¨‡Z¡i cÖKvk N‡U|
K. Ô†ZwiqvÕ A_© Kx?
L. ÔA‡f` ag©RvwZÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Ki yb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K AwfbœZv i‡q‡Q|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Ô†ZwiqvÕ kãwUi A_© n‡”Q D×Z ev DMÖ|
L. ÔA‡f` ag©RvwZÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b Kwe c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li GK I Awfbœ ag©‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg gvbeZvi RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z c„w_exi mKj gvbyl GK
a‡g©i| gvby‡li g‡a¨ †f`v‡f`‡K wZwb A¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb| c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡l gvby‡l †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| Zviv
GKB i³-gvs‡mi ˆZwi| gvby‡li me †_‡K eo cwiPq †m gvbyl| Avi gvby‡li GKUvB ag© Zv n‡”Q gvbe ag©|
e ‘Z Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ÔA‡f` ag©RvwZÕ ej‡Z gvby‡li GB AwfbœZv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
M. gvby‡li gbyl¨Z¡ weKv‡ki fvebvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
KweZvÑ154 SSC-1651
c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨| GLv‡b mKj gvby‡li mgfv‡e †fv‡Mi I euvPvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| G AwaKvi
cÖwZôvq mKj‡K mg`vwqZ¡m¤úbœ n‡Z nq| †KD hw` GLv‡b `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv K‡i Z‡e mgv‡R †b‡g Av‡m
welv‡`i Kv‡jvivwÎ|
DÏxc‡K wecbœ gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡bvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| KviY c„w_ex‡Z wecbœ gvbylwUiI †eu‡P _vKvi
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Avi G‡ÿ‡Î mgv‡R hviv mÿg Zv‡`i D`vi gvbwmKZvq GwM‡q Avmvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, Ac‡ii ÿz`ª ÿz`ª `ytL Zzwg `~i K‡i `vI| Amnvq gvbylwUi cÖwZ KiæYvi `„wó `vI| Zv‡`i
Kj¨v‡Yi w`‡K `„wó ivL| wecbœ gvby‡li g‡b †eu‡P _vKvi Avkv RvwM‡q †Zvj| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvqI Abyiƒc Abyf~wZ
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b cÖwZev‡`i fvlvq ejv n‡q‡Q, gw›`i-gmwR` cy‡ivwnZ I †gvjøviv `Lj K‡i e‡m
Av‡Q| †mLv‡b wbibœ gvby‡liv Lvevi cvq bv| Kwe e‡j‡Qb, H fRbvj‡qi e× Øvi nvZzwo-kvej w`‡q Ly‡j
†dj‡Z| Avi †mLvb †_‡K Lvevi G‡b `wi`ª Amnvq gvby‡li gy‡L Zz‡j w`‡Z| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq DÏxcK I
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq e¨³ n‡q‡Q wbibœ Amnvq gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôvi K_v| myZivs Gw`K †_‡K ejv hvq DÏxcK
I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gvby‡li gbyl¨Z¡ weKv‡ki cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡`i mgv‡R wewfbœ †kÖwYi gvbyl i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB Amnvq I wecbœ| Zv‡`i G Amnvq Ae ’v
`~i Kivi `vwqZ¡ mgv‡Ri mÿg e¨w³‡`i| Avi G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk N‡U|
DÏxc‡K gvbeZvi cÖwZ D`vi AvKzwZ Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Ac‡ii ÿz`ª ÿz`ª `ytL Zzwg `~i Ki|
Aci‡K GKUzLvwb myL `vI| GKUzLvwb wgwó K_v ej| c‡_i Amnvq gvbylwUi w`‡K KiæYvi `„wó wb‡ÿc Ki|
Gfv‡e wecbœ gvby‡li DcKvi I `ytLx gvby‡li †QvU †QvU `ytL `~i Kivq gvbevZ¥v RvMÖZ nq Ges gvby‡li
gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk N‡U| Kwe KvRx bRiæj BmjvgI ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk NUv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
KweZvwU‡Z Zvi cÖwZcÿ wQj wbôzi I ¯v_©ev`x †gvjøv †kÖwY| Zviv gmwR` I gw›`‡i `vb wnmv‡e cvIqv †MvkZ-
iæwU I cÖmv`-wgóvbœ GKvB `Lj K‡i e‡m Av‡Q| Zviv Abœnxb fzLv gvbyl‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡q‡Q wbôzifv‡e| gw›`i
I gmwR‡` `yqvi eÜ K‡i Zvjv jvwM‡q w`‡q‡Q| Kwe Zvi cÖwZev`x fvlvq Gme AbvPv‡ii Zxeª cÖwZev`
Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb gmwR`-gw›`‡ii `yqvi Ly‡j Gme wbibœ gvbyl‡K Lvevi w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gbyl¨‡Z¡i
D‡Øvab NUv‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Aek¨ KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi fvlvq cÖwZev‡`i †PZbv cÖej n‡q D‡V‡Q|
DÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gvby‡li gbyl¨‡ev‡ai RvMiY Kvgbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv gvby‡li me †P‡q eo
cwiPq †m gvbyl| AZGe,DÏxcK Ges ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwUi g~jfve we‡kølY K‡i ejv hvq, †PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K
G `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ AwfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Avgiv mKj †`‡ki, mKj RvwZi mKj a‡g©i, mKj Kv‡ji| Avgiv gywi` †hŠe‡bi| GB RvwZ-a‡g©i-Kvj‡K
AwZµg Kwi‡Z cvwiqv‡Q huvnv‡`i †hŠeb, ZuvnvivB AvR gnvgvbe, gnvZ¥v, gnvexi| Zvnvw`M‡K mKj †`‡ki mKj
a‡g©i mKj †jvK mgvb kÖ×v K‡i|
K. `yqv‡i †K `uvwo‡qwQj?
L. ÔH gw›`i c~Rvixi,nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq|Õ Ñ†Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †h wecixZ w`K¸‡jv dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv Zz‡j ai yb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔgvbylÕ KweZv gvby‡li RqMv‡b gyLwiZ n‡q‡Q|Ó ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. N 2. M 3. K 4. K 5. N 6. N 7. N 8. K
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ155
†mBw`b GB gvV
Rxebvb›` `vk
Rxebvb›` `vk 1899 wLª÷v‡ãi 17 †deªæqvwi ewikvj kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv mZ¨vb›` `vk I gvZv
KzmygKzgvix `vk| KzmygKzgvix `vkI GKRb Kwe wQ‡jb Ges Zuvi weL¨vZ KweZv ÔAvgv‡`i †`‡k n‡e †mB †Q‡j
K‡e,/ K_vq bv eo n‡q Kv‡R eo n‡eÕÑ GL‡bv RbwcÖq wkïcvV¨| Rxebvb›` `vk 1915 mv‡j ewikvj eªR‡gvnb
¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK, 1917 mv‡j eªR‡gvnb K‡jR †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU, 1919 mv‡j †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡K
Bs‡iwR‡Z weG Abvm© I 1921 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ GgG wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Gici
wZwb KjKvZv wmwU K‡jR I ewikvj eªR‡gvnb K‡jRmn wewfbœ K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1947 mv‡j †`kwefv‡Mi
wKQz c~‡e© mcwiev‡i evsjv‡`k Z¨vM K‡i KjKvZvq ’vqxfv‡e emevm ïiæ K‡ib| Zuv‡K evsjv fvlvi Ôï×Zg KweÕ
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| evsjvi cÖK…wZi iƒc‰ewP‡Î¨ Kwe wbgMœwPË| G †`‡ki MvQcvjv, jZv¸j¥, dzj-cvwL Zuvi
AvRb¥ wcÖq| wZwb wbf…‡Z 14wU Dcb¨vm I 108wU †QvUMí iPbv K‡i‡Qb, hvi GKwUI RxeÏkvq cÖKvk K‡ibwb|
1954 wLª÷v‡ãi 14 A‡±vei Rxebvb›` `vk KjKvZvi evwjM‡Ä GK Uªvg-`yN©Ubvq AvnZ nb Ges 22 A‡±vei
g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : Siv cvjK, a~mi cvÐywjwc, ebjZv †mb, gnvc„w_ex, mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi, iƒcmx evsjv|
Dcb¨vm : gvj¨evb, myZx_©|
cÖeÜ : KweZvi K_v|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvwU Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki Ôiƒcmx evsjvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g KweZv| mf¨Zvi aŸsm I
wewbg©v‡Y Avcb gwngv I †mŠ›`h© wb‡q gvb‡ei †mev`vÎx cÖK…wZi Agi‡Z¡i w`KwU GB KweZvq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h©‡PZbvq wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i AgiZ¡ jv‡f Kwe AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Qb| c„w_exi engvbZv
gvby‡li mvaviY g„Zz¨ †VKv‡Z bv cvi‡jI ¯cœ‡K euvwP‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i AbšÍKvjÑ G-K_vUvB Kwe bv›`wbKZvi mv‡_
KweZvwU‡Z Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
cÖK…wZi wKQz Dcv‡`q Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb;
gvbe-AwfÁZvi ÿY ’vqx Avi wPišÍb w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ156 SSC-1651
†mB w`b GB gvV Íä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb
GB b`x bÿ‡Îi Z‡j
†mw`‡bv †`wL‡e ¯cœ Ñ
†mvbvi ¯‡cœi mva c„w_ex‡Z K‡e Avi S‡i !
Avwg P‡j hve e‡j
PvjZvdzj wK Avi wfwR‡e bv wkwk‡ii R‡j
big M‡Üi †XD‡q ?
j²x‡cuPv Mvb Mv‡e bvwK Zvi j²xwUi Z‡i ?
†mvbvi ¯‡cœi mva c„w_ex‡Z K‡e Avi S‡i !
Pvwiw`‡K kvš Í evwZ Ñ wf‡R MÜ Ñ g„`y Kjie;
†Lqv‡bŠ‡Kv¸‡jv G‡m †j‡M‡Q P‡ii Lye Kv‡Q;
c„w_exi GB me Mí †eu‡P iÕ‡e wPiKvj; Ñ
Gwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR Ñ †ewejb QvB n‡q Av‡Q|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Avwg P‡j hve e‡j ... j²xwUi Z‡iÑ c„w_ex‡Z †KDB wPi ’vqx bq| cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡KB GK mgq P‡j †h‡Z nq|
wKš‘ wkwk‡ii R‡j PvjZv dzj wf‡R †h inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© I Avb‡›`i we Ívi K‡i P‡j hyM-hyMv‡šÍ Zvi †Kv‡bv
Ae‡kl †bB| Avi †mB wkwk‡ii R‡j †fRv PvjZv dz‡ji M‡Üi †XD cÖevwnZ n‡Z _vK‡e AbšÍKvje¨vcx| Kwei
GB †ev‡ai g‡a¨ cÖK…wZi GK kvk¦Zi~c g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q, †hLv‡b j²x‡cuPvwUi gg‡Z¡i AbyfvebvI aiv w`‡q‡Q
AmvaviY GK Zvrc‡h©| KjieÑ †Kvjvnj| Gwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR Ñ †ewejb QvB n‡q Av‡QÑ gvby‡li Mov c„w_exi
A‡bK mf¨Zv wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| Gwkixq I †ewejbxq mf¨Zv GLb aŸsm Í~c Qvov wKQz bq| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb
i~c-im-MÜ wb‡q wPiKvj cÖvYgq n‡q _v‡K| cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ wewPÎ M‡Üi Av¯v` g„`yg›` †Kvjvn‡ji Avb›`, Zvi
AšÍM©Z AdzišÍ †mŠ›`h© KLbB †kl nq bv| Av‡jvP¨ As‡k Rxebvb›` `vk cÖK…wZi GB wPiKvjxb †mŠ›`h©‡K †ev‡ai
GK we¯§qKi kw³‡Z Dc ’vcb K‡i‡Qb| PiÑ b`x‡Z cwj R‡g MwVZ f‚fvM| bÿÎÑ Zviv| g„`yÑ †Kvgj; ÿxY;
Aby”P| ÍäÑ wbðj, wb¯ú›`| †mBw`b GB gvV ... K‡e Avi S‡iÑ Rxebvb›` `vk cÖK…wZi Kwe| cÖK…wZi inm¨gq
†mŠ›`h© Zuvi KweZvi g~jMZ †cÖiYv| wZwb Rv‡bb wewPÎ weeZ©‡bi g‡a¨I cÖK…wZ Zuvi i~c-im-MÜ KLbB nvwi‡q
†dj‡e bv| wZwb hLb _vK‡eb bv ZLbI cÖK…wZ Zvi AdzišÍ Hk¦h© wb‡q gvby‡li ¯cœmva I Kíbv‡K Z…ß K‡i
hv‡e| Av‡jvP¨ As‡k Kwe cÖK…wZi GB gvnvZ¥¨‡K Mfxi Z…wß I gg‡Z¡i m‡½ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
mvims‡ÿc :
Kwe hLb _vK‡eb bv, ZL‡bv c„w_ex‡Z ¯cœ i‡q hv‡e| †Lvjv AvKv‡ki wb‡P b`x ZL‡bv ¯cœ †`L‡e| KviY,
my›`i ¯‡cœi mva †kl nIqvi bq| e¨w³i g„Zz¨ n‡jI i‡q hv‡e my›`i `„k¨¸‡jv| PvjZvdzj wkwk‡ii R‡j
wfR‡e| j²x‡cuPv Mvb MvB‡e| cÖK…wZi †hme my›`i gvby‡li Rxeb‡K gayi K‡i †Zv‡j, †m¸‡jv wPiKvjxb|
gvby‡li ˆZwi mf¨Zv wKš‘ mg‡qi cÖev‡n aŸsm n‡q hvq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki gv‡qi bvg Kx?
K. KzmygKzgvix `vk L. mweZv fÆvPvh©
M. bebxZv †`e‡mb N. AvkvjZv `vk
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ157
2. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi g~jfve n‡”QÑ
K. gvbe mf¨Zvi cwiYwZ L. cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© wPi ’vqx
M. cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© bk¦i N. RxevZ¥v inm¨gq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avevi Avwme Avwg evsjv b`x gvV †LZ fv‡jv‡e‡m
Rjv½xi †XD‡q †fRv evsjvi G meyR KiæY WvOvq;
3. DÏxc‡Ki Abyf~wZ wb‡Pi †Kvb iPbvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?
K. AÜea~ L. Avgvi mšÍvb
M. †mBw`b GB gvV N. †mvbvi Zix
4. DÏxcK I Avcbvi cvV¨ KweZvq †h Abyf~wZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. ¯§„wZKvZiZv
ii. cÖK…wZ‡cÖg
iii. mgvR m‡PZbZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. j²x‡cuPv Kvi Rb¨ Mvb MvB‡e?
K. WvûK L. gvQivOv
M. k¨vg‡cuPv N. j²x
6. ÔGB b`x bÿ‡Îi Z‡jÕ ej‡Z Kwe hv eywS‡q‡QbÑ
K. mgMÖ c„w_ex‡K L. mgMÖ P›`ª‡K
M. mgMÖ gnvKvk‡K N. mvZ mvMi †Zi b`x‡K
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
c„w_exi bi-bvixi myL-`ytL-wein hw` wVKfv‡e Zuvi m„wó‡Z VuvB cvq, Z‡eB wZwb Agi n‡eb|
7. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q †Kvb ev‡K¨i?
i. †mBw`b GB gvV Íä n‡e bv‡Kv RvwbÑ
ii. c„w_exi GBme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj
iii. Avwg P‡j hve e‡j PvjZvdzj wK Avi wfwR‡e bv wkwk‡ii R‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
8. DÏxcK I evK¨wU‡Z mv`„‡k¨i KviY †h wel‡qÑ
K. HwZn¨ L. cÖK…wZ
M. wbZ¨Zv N. aŸsm
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
†P‡q †`wL QvZvi gZb eo cvZvwUi wb‡P
e‡m Av‡Q †fv‡ii †`v‡qj cvwLÑ
KweZvÑ158 SSC-1651
Pvwi w`‡K †P‡q †`wL cjø‡ei ~Íc
Rvg-eU-KuvVv‡ji wnR‡ji Ak¦‡Ìi
K‡i Av‡Q Pzc
dYxgbmvi †Sv‡c kwUe‡b Zvnv‡`i Qvqv cwoqv‡Q|
K. Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki `„wó‡Z evsjv‡`k Kx iKg?
L. Ôc„w_exi GBme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj|Õ ÑDw³wU eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ Zz‡j ai yb|
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖK…wZ‡cÖg Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvqI AbyiwYZ n‡q‡Q|Ó Ñg~j¨vqb Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki `„wó‡Z evsjv‡`k GK Abb¨ iƒcmx|
L. c„w_ex‡Z cÖK…wZ wPiKvjxb| GLv‡b my›`‡ii mvabv, bZz‡bi Avivabv wPiKvj Pj‡Z _v‡K| c„w_ex‡Z KL‡bv
my›`‡ii AwfcÖvq I ¯‡cœi Avevnb k~b¨ nq bv| †m Zvi Avcb iƒc-im-MÜ wb‡q wPiKvj †eu‡P _v‡K| Av‡jvP¨
PiYwU‡Z GwUB ejv n‡q‡Q|
cÖK…wZ cÖwZwbqZ cwiewZ©Z nq| †m KL‡bvB Zvi Avcb iƒc-im-MÜ nvwi‡q †d‡j bv| †m me mgqB Zvi wbR
ˆewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i wPiKvj cÖvYgq _v‡K| cÖK…wZi †h inm¨gq †mŠ›`h© I Avb‡›`i we Ívi Zvi †Kv‡bv Ae‡kl
†bB| cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ wewPÎ M‡Üi Av¯v`, g„`yg›` †Kvjvn‡ji Avb›`, wKsev cy‡®úi †mŠ›`h© KL‡bvB †kl nq bv|
cÖK…wZi GBme †mŠ›`h©B Mí n‡q c„w_ex‡Z wPiKvj †eu‡P _vK‡e|
M. cÖK…wZi †h Aciƒc iƒc jveY¨ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, ZvB DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
cÖK…wZ wPišÍb †mŠ›`‡h©i Avavi| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó mewKQzB cÖK…wZi Ask| MvQcvjv, b`xbvjv, AvKvk, evZvm
mewKQzB cÖK…wZi Abyl½x| cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© KL‡bv †kl nq bv, KL‡bv †kl n‡e bv| gvbyl cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ Luy‡R
cvq Rxe‡bi my›`i‡K| cÖK…wZ wbR¯ wbq‡g gvby‡li ¯^cœ-mva I Kíbv‡K Z…ß K‡i| Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZv
Ges DÏxc‡K Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwei wbKU cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© aiv c‡o‡Q kvk¦Z iƒc wb‡q| GLv‡b Kwe Lye †fv‡i RvMÖZ nb|
Pvwiw`‡K wbðzc| †fv‡ii cvwLiv ZL‡bv †W‡K I‡Vwb| eo GKUv cvZvi wb‡P e‡m Av‡Q †`v‡qj cvwL| Zvi
Dcw ’wZ Kwei wP‡Ë †mŠ›`‡h©i evb Wv‡K| Dciš‘ MÖvgevsjvi cjø‡ei ¯Í~c Kwei mËv‡K D¾xweZ K‡i|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq KweI cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wkwk‡ii R‡j PvjZv dz‡ji wf‡R IVvi `„k¨
Kwe‡K Avbgbv K‡i| j²x‡cuPv hLb Zvi wcÖqv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Mvb a‡i ZLb Kwe GKRb gy» †kÖvZv n‡q hvb|
KL‡bv ev P‡ii Kv‡Q LuywU‡Z euvav †bŠKv Kwe‡K D`vmxb K‡i †Zv‡j| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM
Kivi wel‡q DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. cÖK…wZi MwZgqZv Ges Awebk¦i †mŠ›`h© †PZbv Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZv Ges DÏxc‡Ki g~j DcRxe¨|
c„w_ex m„wói ci †_‡K AvRI Zv cÖengvb| cÖK…wZI wbR¯ wbq‡g MwZgvb| cÖK…wZi GB ¯fveag©‡K †KD
Dcjwä K‡i, Avevi †KD Gw`‡K bRi †`qbv| c„w_ex‡Z cÖK…wZ AbeiZ m„wó Avi aŸs‡mi ga¨ w`‡q AMÖmi
nq| Gfv‡eB Zvi fvimvg¨ iwÿZ nq| †hgb gvbyl G c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m Avevi P‡j hvq| G‡Z cÖK…wZi fvimv‡g¨
†Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †mŠ›`h©wccvmy| wZwb †fv‡i †`v‡qj cvwL †`‡Lb| WzgyicvZvi wb‡P e‡m _v‡K †`v‡qj|
†`v‡q‡ji gv_vi Dci Wzgyi cvZv‡K Kwei QvZv e‡j g‡b nq| Pvwiw`‡K wZwb cjø‡ei Í~c †`‡Lb| Avi †`‡Lb
Avg-Rvg-eU-Ak¦Ì Mv‡Qi mgvnvi| MvQ¸‡jv `uvwo‡q Av‡Q Avi Zv‡`i Qvqv c‡o‡Q dYxgbmvi †Suv‡c|
Ab¨w`‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi KweI cÖK…wZi Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb Abycg iƒ‡c| GLv‡b †Lqv †bŠKv¸‡jv P‡ii
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ159
Lye Kv‡Q G‡m _v‡g| Pvwiw`‡K _v‡K kvšÍ evwZ| j²x‡cuPv Zvi wcÖqvi Rb¨ Mvb Mvq Avi Kwe Zv Avbg‡b
†kv‡bb| KL‡bv ev PvjZv dzj wkwk‡ii R‡j wf‡R DV‡j Gi M‡Üi †XD cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K|
DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Avw` Ges AK…wÎgiƒ‡c †Kej cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv cÖKvk
†c‡q‡Q| KweZv Ges DÏxc‡K Avgiv cÖK…wZ wfbœ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Abyl‡½i Dcw ’wZ jÿ Kwi bv| ZvB ejv hvq,
DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖK…wZ‡cÖg Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq AbyiwYZ n‡q‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
AviI A‡bK MvQ cvZv-jZv
bxj njy` †e¸wb A_ev mv`v
AR¯ª dz‡ji eb¨v AdzišÍ
Ny‡gi AjmZvq †PvL eyu‡R Avmvi g‡Zv
kvwšÍ|
K. Rxebvb›` `vk †Kvb Rxeb‡PZbvi Kwe wnmv‡e cwiwPZ?
L. ÔGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR Ñ †ewejb QvB n‡q Av‡Q|Õ †Kb? eywS‡q ej yb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†mB me w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv „k¨¸‡jv wb‡Ri fvlvq Zz‡j ai yb|
N. Ò†cÖÿvcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I Ô†mB me w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi cÖK…wZ eY©bvq †hb GKwU wbM~p
m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|Ó ÑAv‡jvPbv Ki yb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K 2. L 3. M 4. L 5. N 6. K 7. L 8. M
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó
w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wkÿv_x©eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó
mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv
†evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg
mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|
AwWI/wfwWI
KweZvÑ160 SSC-1651
cwjøRbbx
RmxgD`& xb
RmxgD`&`xb 1903 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †gŠjwe Avbmvi
DwÏb †gvjøv I gv Avwgbv LvZzb| dwi`cyi †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK, iv‡R›`ª K‡jR †_‡K AvBG, KwjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ weG I GgG cvk K‡ib| 1938 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv wefv‡Mi
Aa¨vcK wbhy³ nb Ges c‡i miKvwi Z_¨ I cÖPvi wefv‡M D”Pc‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| K‡j‡R covi mgq wZwb iPbv
K‡ib weL¨vZ ÔKeiÕ KweZv Ges GB KweZv Zuvi QvÎRxe‡bB g¨vwUªK cixÿvi evsjv cvV¨ZvwjKvq Aš Ífz©³ nq|
RmxgD`&`x‡bi KweZvq evsjvi gvV, NvU, b`x-bvjv, evjyPi, Pvlxi KzwUi, dzj-cvwL, MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvbyl I Zv‡`i
myL-`yt‡Li wPÎ Rxeš Í n‡q D‡V‡Q| †mRb¨ Zuv‡K ejv nq ÔcwjøKweÕ| wZwb Mvb, bvUK I M`¨iPbv‡ZI Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb| 1969 mv‡j iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K wWwjU Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡i| GQvov mvwnZ¨-mvabvi
¯xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi I GKz‡k c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1976 mv‡ji 14 gvP© wZwb
g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : ivLvjx, bKmx Kuv_vi gvV, evjyPi, †mvRb evw`qvi NvU, GK cqmvi euvkx;
Dcb¨vm : †evevKvwnbx;
M`¨iPbv : P‡j gymvwdi, evOvwji nvwmi Mí, Rxeb K_v, nj‡` cwii †`‡k|
cwjøKwe RmxgD`&&`x‡bi ÔivLvjxÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvwU msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KweZvwU‡Z cwjøi Av_©-
mvgvwRK KiæY Ae¯’vi cvkvcvwk gv‡qi † œnv`ª©Zvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi AK…wÎg
fv‡jvevmv, gyg~l©y mšÍvb‡K wN‡i gvZ…ü`‡qi AvKzwZ Kwe Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨
RmxgD &`x‡bi ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZv c‡o Avcwb Ñ
MÖvg-evsjvi `wi`ª gvby‡li RxebwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi fv‡jvevmvi ¯iƒc we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
cwjøevj‡Ki Avkv-AvKv•ÿv I myL-`yt‡Li weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
MÖvg-evsjvi wbcyY Dc ’vcbvq RmxgD`&`x‡bi K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ161
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
MÖv‡gi Mwie gv‡qi gyg~l©y mšÍv‡bi Ae ’v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†meviZ gv‡qi D‡Ø‡Mi aib we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ivZ _g _g Íä wbSzg, †NviцNviÑAvÜvi,
wbk¦vm †dwj ZvI †kvbv hvq bvB †Kv_v mvov Kvi|
iæM&b †Q‡ji wkq‡i ewmqv G‡Kjv RvwM‡Q gvZv,
KiæY Pvnwb Nyg Nyg †hb Xywj‡Q †Pv‡Li cvZv|
wkq‡ii Kv‡Q wbey wbey `xc Nywiqv Nywiqv R¡‡j,
Zvwi mv‡_ mv‡_ weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civY †`v‡j|
fb fb fb RgvU †eu‡a‡Q ey‡bv gk‡Ki Mvb
G‡`v †Wvev n‡Z ewn‡Q K‡Vvi cPvb cvZvi NÖvY|
†QvU Kzu‡oNi, †eovi duv‡K‡Z Avwm‡Q kx‡Zi evqy,
wkq‡i ewmqv g‡b g‡b gvZv MwY‡Q †Q‡ji Avqy|
†Q‡j Kq, Ôgv‡i, KZ ivZ Av‡Q, KLb mKvj n‡e,
fv‡jv †h jv‡M bv, Ggwb Kwiqv †Kev ï‡q _v‡K K‡e|Õ
gv Kq, ÔevQv‡i ! PzcwU Kwiqv Ny‡gvZ GKwU eviÕ,
†Q‡j †i‡M Kq, ÔNyg †h Av‡m bv wK Kwie Avwg Zvi|Õ
cvÐ yi Mv‡j Pz‡gv Lvq gvZv| mviv Mv‡q †`q nvZ,
cv‡i hw` ey‡K hZ †mœn Av‡Q †X‡j †`q Zvwi mv_|
bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡b, `iMvq gv‡b `vb,
†Q‡j‡i Zvnvi fv‡jv K‡i `vI Kvu‡` Rbbxi cÖvY|
fv‡jv K‡i `vI Avjøv imyj fv‡jv K‡i `vI cxi,
Kwn‡Z Kwn‡Z gyLLvwb fv‡m ewnqv bqb bxi !
euvk e‡b ewm Wv‡K Kvbv Kz‡qv, iv‡Zi Auvavi †Vwj,
ev`yo cvLvi evZv‡m‡Z c‡o mycvwii eb †nwj|
P‡j ey‡bv c‡_ †RvbvwK †g‡qiv Kzqvkv Kvdb awi,
`yt QvB! wKev k¼vq gvi civY DwV‡Q fwi|
†h K_v fvwe‡Z civY wkn‡i ZvB fv‡m wnqv †Kv‡Y,
evjvB evjvB, fv‡jv n‡e hv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡b|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AvÜviÑ AÜKvi| KvbvKz‡qvÑ GK cÖKv‡ii cvwL| MwY‡QÑ Mbbv Ki‡Q| wbSzgÑ m¤ú~Y© bxie| civbÑ cÖvY| gkKÑ
gkv| iæM&YÑ cxwoZ; Amy ’| k¼vqÑ Avk¼vq; fxwZ‡Z| wkq‡iÑ kqbKvixi gv_vi w`‡K| mvovÑ kã| wnqvÑ ü`q;
gb|
cvV-1
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ162 SSC-1651
mvims‡ÿc :
_g_‡g wbSzg Auvavi ivZ| Muv‡qi GK †QvÆ Kzu‡oN‡i gv iæM&Y mšÍv‡bi †mevq ivZ RvM‡Qb| †Q‡jwU Nygv‡Z cvi‡Q
bv| K¬vwšÍi ivZ Avi KvU‡Q PvB‡Q bv| gvI †R‡M Av‡Qb Mfxi D‡ØM wb‡q| cig ggZvq nvZ eywj‡q w`‡”Qb
†Q‡ji Mv‡q| †Q‡ji †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ `iMvq-gmwR‡` `v‡bi wbqZ Ki‡Qb| evB‡i kxZiv‡Zi cÖwZK~j cÖK…wZ|
KzqvkvXvKv †RvbvwK, ev`y‡oi AvIqvR, ivZRvMv cvwLi WvK| ARvbv Avk¼vq gv‡qi gb wknwiZ nq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq KqwU cvwLi bvg cvIqv hvq?
K. wZbwU L. `yBwU M. PviwU N. cuvPwU
2. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq gv‡qi †Kvb e¨_©Zv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
K. † œ‡ni L. †mevi M. A‡_©i N. kvm‡bi
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
ÔGB †h gv‡qi †Kvj, fq Kx‡i evc
e‡ÿ Zv‡i Pvwc awi Zvi R¡iZvc|Õ
3. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ m½wZc~Y© ÔcwjøRbbxÕi PiYwU njÑ
i. ev`yo cvLvi evZv‡m‡Z c‡o mycvwii eb †nwj|
ii. KiæY Pvnwb Nyg Nyg †hb Xzwj‡Q †Pv‡Li cvZv|
iii. cvÐzi Mv‡j Pz‡gv Lvq gvZv| mviv Mv‡q nvZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
4. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq dz‡U IVv w`KwU njÑ
i. ¯Rb nviv‡bvi Avk¼v ii. wcÖqR‡bi g½jvKv•ÿv iii. AcZ¨ †¯œ‡ni Awbevh© cÖKvk
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I ii
cvVwfwËK D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
Mwie cwjøevj‡Ki ¯cœ I Avb‡›`i eY©bv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb;
`wi ª cwjøRbbxi gvZ…‡¯œ‡ni ¯iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†Q‡j Kq, Ôgv‡Mv, cv‡q cwo ej fv‡jv hw` nB Kvj,
Kwi‡gi mv‡_ †Lwjev‡i †M‡j w`‡e bvZ Zzwg Mvj|
Av”Qv gv e‡jv, Ggb nq bv iwng PvPvi Svov,
GLwb Avgv‡i GZ †ivM n‡Z Kwi‡Z cv‡iZ Lvov ?Õ
gv †Kej ewm iæM&b †Q‡ji gyL cv‡b AuvwL †g‡j,
fvmv fvmv Zvi hZ K_v †hb mviv cÖvY w`‡q †M‡j|
Ô†kvb gv, Avgvi jvUvB wKš Íy ivwLI hZb K‡i,
ivwLI Xu¨v‡ci †gvqv †eu‡a Zzwg mvZ-bwi wmKv f‡i|
cvV-2
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ163
†LRy‡i ¸‡oi bqv cvUvwj‡Z ûo–‡gi †Kvjv f‡i|
dzjSzwi wmKv mvRvBqv †i‡Lv Avgvi mgyL c‡i|Õ
†Q‡j Pzc K‡i, gvI ax‡i ax‡i gv_vq eyjvq nvZ,
evwn‡i‡Z bv‡P †RvbvwK Av‡jvq _g _g Kvj ivZ|
iæM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i ewmqv KZ K_v c‡o g‡b,
†Kvb w`b †m †h gv‡q‡i bv e‡j wMqvwQj `~i e‡b|
muvS n‡q †Mj Zey Av‡m bv‡Kv, AvB PvB gvi cÖvY,
nVvr ïwbj Avwm‡Z‡Q †Q‡j n‡l© Kwiqv Mvb|
GK †KvuP fiv †e_yj Zvnvi Svgyi Szgyi ev‡R,
I‡i gyL‡cvov †Kv_v wMqvwQwj Ggwb G Kvwj muv‡S|
KZ K_v AvR g‡b c‡o Zvi, Mix‡ei Ni Zvi,
†QvULvU KZ evqbv †Q‡ji cv‡i bvB wgUvevi|
Avo‡Oi w`‡b cyZzj wKwb‡Z cqmv †Rv‡Uwb ZvB,
e‡j‡Q Avgiv, †gvmjgv‡bi AvoO †`wL‡Z bvB|
Kwig †h †Mj ? AvwRR Pwjj ? Ggwb cÖkœ gvjv,
DËi w`‡Z `ywLbx gv‡qi wظY evwoZ R¡vjv|
AvRI †iv‡M Zvi c_¨ †Rv‡Uwb, Ilya nqwb Avbv,
S‡o Kuv‡c †hb bx‡oi cvwLwU Rov‡q gv‡qi Wvbv|
N‡ii Pv‡j‡Z ûZzg WvwK‡Q, AKj¨vY G myi,
gi‡Yi `~Z G‡jv eywS nvq nuv‡K gvq, `~iÑ`~i|
cPv †Wvev n‡Z weiwnYx WvK WvwK‡Z‡Q SzwiÕ SzwiÕ,
K…lvY †Q‡jiv Kvj‡K Zvnvi ev”Pv K‡i‡Q Pzwi|
†d‡i fb& fb& gkv `‡j `‡j, ey‡ov cvZv S‡i e‡b,
†duvUvq †duvUvq cvZv-†Puvqv Rj Swi‡Q Zvnvi m‡b|
iæM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i ewmqv G‡Kjv RvwM‡Q gvZv,
m¤§y‡L Zvi †Nvi KzÀwU gnvKvj ivZ cvZv|
cv‡k¦© R¡wjqv gvwUi cÖ`xc evZv‡m Rgvq †Lj;
Auvav‡ii mv‡_ hywSqv Zvnvi dziv‡q G‡m‡Q †Zj|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Avo‡Oi w`‡bÑ AvoO n‡jv nvU ev evRvi ev †gjv| Avo‡Oi w`‡b gv‡b n‡jv †gjvi w`‡b ev nv‡Ui w`‡b ev
evRv‡ii w`‡b| †PuvqvÑ we›`y ev †duvUv †duvUv K‡i cov| `~ZÑ msev` enbKvix; evZ©ven| bq‡bi bxiÑ †Pv‡Li cvwb|
bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡bÑ bvgv‡Ri Ni n‡jv gmwR`, †gvgevwZ gv‡b A_© n‡jv †gvgevwZ †`Iqvi gvbZ Kiv|
†Kv‡bv AmyL-wemyL ev wec`-Avc` n‡j G †`‡ki gvbyl Zv †_‡K D×vi cvIqvi AwfcÖv‡q GK ai‡bi gvbZ K‡i|
Ôbvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gv‡bÕ A_© n‡jv gmwR‡` †gvgevwZ †`Iqvi cÖwZÁv ev gvbZ Kiv| cPvbÑ c‡P †M‡Q
Ggb| c_¨Ñ †ivwMi Rb¨ Dchy³ Avnvh©| evqbvÑ Ave`vi| weiwnYxÑ wei‡n KvZi bvix| gnvKvjÑ fvexKvj;
AbšÍKvj| hZbÑ hZœ| iwng PvPvi SvovÑ Avgv‡`i †`‡k †ivM-evjvB †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi Rb¨ cvwb cov, Svo-
†dv‡Ki cÖPjb Av‡Q| bvbv ai‡bi Amy‡L A‡b‡K cvwb c‡o Zv †ivwM‡K †L‡Z †`q, †ivM †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi
D‡Ï‡k| Ôiwng PvPvi SvovÕ gv‡b n‡jv iwng PvPvi †mB iKg GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ, hv‡Z Ôiwng PvPvÕ †ivwM
†Q‡jwU‡K duz w`‡q my ’ K‡i Zzj‡e| jvUvBÑ bvUvB; hv‡Z Nywoi myZv Rov‡bv _v‡K| mgyLÑ mvg‡b| n‡l©Ñ Avb‡›`|
KweZvÑ164 SSC-1651
mvims‡ÿc :
fv‡jv n‡q ciw`bB †Lj‡Z hv‡e Ñ gv‡qi Kv‡Q G Ave`vi Rvbvq †Q‡jwU| Zvi †iv‡M Jla-c‡_¨i e¨e ’v nqwb|
†m Avkv K‡i, iwng PvPvi Svo-duy‡K †m my ’ n‡q DV‡e| MÖv‡gi `yišÍ wK‡kvi †m| ˆn-û‡jøv‡o KvUZ Zvi
mvivw`b| Amy ’ †Q‡ji †mB PÂjZvi my‡hvM †bB| cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m wegl© gv †mme K_vB ¯§iY K‡ib|
`vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y †Q‡ji A‡bK PvIqv wZwb c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avi GLb †Zv webv wPwKrmvq †m gi‡Z
e‡m‡Q| iv‡Zi cÖK…wZ gv‡qi g‡bi k¼v evwo‡q †`q kZ¸Y| cv‡k ivLv gvwUi cÖ`x‡ci †Zj dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q|
wbiæcvq gvI †hb †Q‡ji g„Zz¨i cÖni ¸b‡Q|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
5. AKj¨v‡Yi my‡i †K Wv‡K?
K. û‡Zvg L. kvwjK M. †RvbvwK N. KvK
6. ÔI‡i gyL‡cvov †Kv_v wM‡qwQwj Ggwb G Kvwj muv‡S?Õ GLv‡b ÔgyL‡cvovÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. wg·K L. nbygvb‡K
M. kÎæ‡K N. †Q‡j‡K
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
wK‡kvi eyav †Ljvi Q‡j KvKZvo–qv mv‡R| we‡Kj Mwo‡q mܨv n‡q †M‡jI Zvi evwo †divi †Kv‡bv bvg _v‡K
bv| Gw`‡K gv Aaxi n‡q c_ †P‡q _v‡Kb| GKmgq †`Lv hvq eyav Zvi eÜzi m‡½ Mvb MvB‡Z MvB‡Z evwo
wdi‡Q|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ wgj i‡q‡Q wb‡¤œi †h PiYwUiÑ
i. evjvB evjvB, fv‡jv n‡e hv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡b|
ii. ivwLI Xu¨v‡ci †gvqv †eu‡a Zzwg mvZ-bwi wmKv f‡i|
iii. nVvr ïwbj Avwm‡Z‡Q †Q‡j n‡l© Kwiqv Mvb|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
8. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq †h welqwU Awfe¨³ n‡q‡QÑ
K. †Q‡ji eLv‡Ucbv L. †Q‡ji `yišÍcbv M. †Q‡ji Aeva¨ nIqv N. †Q‡ji PvjvwK
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
9. ÔKvbvKz‡qvÕ †Kv_vq _v‡K?
K. eUMv‡Q L. euvke‡b M. my›`ie‡b N. ZvjMv‡Q
10. ÔmvZ-bwiÕ ej‡Z hv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. gvwUi Nov L. Nov ivLvi wmKv M. gvwUi nuvwo N. nuvwo ivLvi wmKv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
ÔZzB Avgvi †Q‡j,ZzB Avgvi †g‡q,ZzB Avgvi me|Õ ewj‡Z ewj‡Z †m †Q‡j‡K G‡Kev‡i ey‡K Pvwcqv awij|
11. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †h welqwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. Aby‡hvM L. AmnvqZ¡ M. gvZ…‡¯œn N. AvKzwZ
12. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv w`KwU wb‡Pi †h Pi‡Y we`¨gvbÑ
i. cvÐzi Mv‡j Pz‡gv Lvq gvZv| mviv Mv‡q †`q nvZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ165
ii. fv‡jv K‡i `vI Avjv ivmyj fv‡jv K‡i `vI cxi
iii. wkq‡i ewmqv g‡b g‡b gvZv MwY‡Q †Q‡ji Avqy
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1 :
kg‡mi †PŠayix †`‡ki GKRb wewkó wkícwZ| wKš‘ Zvi gb fv‡jv †bB| Zvi GKgvÎ †Q‡j Avwei `xN©w`b a‡i
Amy ’| †`‡ki bvgKiv Wv³vi w`‡q wZwb †Q‡ji wPwKrmv Kwi‡q‡Qb| †`k-we‡`‡ki A‡bK Nv‡Ui c_¨ msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wKQz‡ZB wKQz nqwb| †Q‡ji Rb¨ wZwb bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gvbZ K‡i‡Qb, `iMvq K‡i‡Qb `vb|
gnvb m„wóKZ©vi wbKU wZwb †Q‡ji Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| imyj‡K ¯§iY I wc‡ii wbKU †`vqv Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb|
K. Rmxg D`&`xb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †Kvb avivi Kwe wn‡m‡e L¨vZ?
L. gv ivwÎ Rv‡M †Kb?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi m‡½ †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq wg‡ji †P‡q AwgjwUB †ewk cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ó ÑDˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³
cÖ`k©b Kiyb|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2
cÖYwgqv cvUzbx Kwn‡Q †Rvonv‡Z|
Avgvi mšÍvb †hb _v‡K `y‡afv‡Z\
Z_v¯‘ ewjqv †`ex w`jv ei`vb|
`y‡afv‡Z _vwK‡eK †Zvgvi mšÍvb\
K. Ôû‡ovgÕ Kx?
L. Ôiwng PvPvi SvovÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. †Kvb w`K †_‡K DÏxcKwU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi m‡½ m`„k wKsev wem`„k? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N. ÒAK…wÎg ggZ¡‡evaB DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi welqe ‘|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1
K. Rmxg D`&`xb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÔcwjøKweÕ wnmv‡e L¨vZ|
L. mšÍv‡bi Amy ’Zvi Kvi‡Y gv Zvi wkq‡i e‡m Av‡Qb|
Ôcwj øRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡jwU `xN©w`b a‡i iæM&Y| mšÍv‡bi Amy ’Zvq gv‡qi gb ¯vfvweKfv‡e fv‡jv _v‡K bv|
wZwb g‡bvK‡ó †fv‡Mb| †Q‡ji Nyg Avm‡Q bv e‡j wZwb †Q‡j‡K N yg cov‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| †Q‡ji cÖwZ
ggZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y gv ivZ †R‡M iæM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m Av‡Qb|
M. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZv DfqwU‡ZB mšÍvb nviv‡bvi Avk¼v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Gw`K †_‡K DÏxcKwUi m‡½
ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
wcZv-gvZvB RM‡Z mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk ggZ¡‡eva †cvlY K‡ib| Zviv KL‡bvB mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Ag½j
Kvgbv K‡ib bv| mšÍv‡bi †ivM-‡kvK-`ytL-‡e`bvq Zviv me mgq Aw ’i _v‡Kb| mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ ARvbv Avk¼vq
Zv‡`i gb †Ku‡c D‡V| mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ wcZv-gvZv GK wPi Kj¨v‡Yi AvkÖq|
ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe GK `wi ª Rbbxi Rxe‡bi `„k¨cU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GB gv `wi ª| wKš‘ †Q‡ji Rb¨ Zvi
Adzivb fv‡jvevmv| wZwb Zvi iæM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m iv‡Zi ci ivZ KvwU‡q w`‡”Qb| cig ggZvq nvZ
eywj‡q w`‡”Qb †Q‡ji Mv‡j, gy‡L| †Q‡ji Rb¨ `iMvq gvbZ Ki‡Qb| Avevi ARvbv Avk¼vq †Q‡ji Rb¨ gb
¸g‡i †Ku‡` DV‡Q| DÏxc‡KI Avgiv GiKg GK mšÍvbermj wcZvi cwiPq cvB| wZwb kg‡mi †PŠayix|
mšÍv‡bi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wZwb †`k-we‡`‡k Ny‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K IlyacÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| mšÍv‡bi
KweZvÑ166 SSC-1651
my ’Zv Kvgbvq Zv‡K bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ GgbwK `iMvq ch©šÍ `vb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| Dciš‘ wZwb wbqZ
Avjøvni imyj‡K ¯§iY Ges wc‡ii wbKU †`vqv Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi
AvwZ© DÏxc‡Ki kg‡mi †PŠayixi †e`bviƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi wg‡ji †P‡q AwgjB †ewk †`Lv hvq|
mšÍv‡bi wbKU gv‡qi † œn AZzj m¤ú`| mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ wcZv-gvZvi gb me mgq e¨vKzj _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i
mšÍvb Amy ’ _vK‡j gv‡qi gb ¯^vfvweK _v‡K bv| mšÍv‡bi myL-`yt‡Li m‡½ †hb gv‡qi myL-`ytL wg‡k _v‡K|
†Kbbv mšÍv‡bi Abyf‡ei m‡½ gv‡qi Abyf‡ei GKwU wbweo †hvMm~Î _v‡K| ZvB mšÍv‡bi Ag½j Avk¼vq gv
memgq wPwšÍZ _v‡Kb|
DÏxc‡K kg‡mi †PŠayixi †Q‡j nviv‡bvi Avk¼v cÖKvwkZ n‡h‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K cwjø gv‡qi g‡Zv Rxe‡bi
mvgwMÖK cwiPq †bB| kg‡mi †PŠayix GKRb wkícwZ| `vwi‡`ª¨i KkvNvZ Zvi Rxe‡b †bB| †Q‡ji Rb¨ †`k-
we‡`‡ki wPwKrmK wZwb Aejxjvq WvK‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K †Q‡ji Rb¨ Ilya-cÎ msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb KL‡bv †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m ivZ Rv‡Mbwb| `vwi`ª Kx wRwbm †m m¤ú‡K© Zvi †Q‡ji †Kv‡bv
aviYv †bB| Aek¨ †Q‡ji Rb¨ wZwb `iMvq gvbZ K‡i‡Qb, imy‡ji ¯§iY wb‡q‡Qb| wc‡ii †`vqvI cÖv_©bv
K‡i‡Qb| Aciw`‡K ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq `vwi`ª wK¬ó GK cwjø gv‡qi Rxe‡bi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| wZwb ivZ †R‡M
†ivMvµvšÍ mšÍv‡bi wkq‡i e‡m _v‡Kb| Zvi Kuy‡oN‡ii †eovi duvK w`‡q kx‡Zi evZvm Aev‡a cÖ‡ek K‡i|
†iv‡M Zvi †Q‡ji c_¨ †Rv‡U bv| kx‡Zi `yišÍ iv‡Z KvbvKz‡qv cvwLi Wv‡K gv‡qi k¼v †e‡o hvq|
DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq wgj i‡q‡Q gv I kg‡mi †PŠayixi †Q‡j nviv‡bvi Avk¼vq| mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ cÖej
ggZ¡‡ev‡ai †ÿ‡Î| wKš‘ Rxeb cwiPh©vq `yR‡bi we Íi e¨eavb| G e¨eavb Av_©-mvgvwRK mKj wel‡qB
i‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, ÔDÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq wg‡ji †P‡q AwgjB †ewk cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Õ ÑgšÍe¨wU
h_v_© I cÖvmw½K n‡q‡Q|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2 Gi bgybv DËi :
K. Ôû‡ovgÕ k‡ãi A_© gywo A_ev gywoi gZ fvRv wPov|
L. Ôiwng PvPvi SvovÕ GKwU MÖvgxY wPwKrmv c×wZ|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvgxY mgv‡R †ivM-evjvB †_‡K gyw³i D‡Ï‡k¨ cvwb cov Ges Svo-duy‡Ki cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| GB
c×wZ‡Z hviv wPwKrmv K‡ib Zviv bvbv ai‡bi Amy‡L †ivM †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi Rb¨ cvwb c‡o †ivwM‡K †L‡Z
†`q| KL‡bv KL‡bv †ivwM‡K duy-I w`‡q _v‡K| Ôiwng PvPvi SvovÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q iwng PvPvi
†mB iKg GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hvi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb †ivwM †Q‡jwU‡K duy w`‡q my ’ K‡i Zzj‡eb|
M. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq ewY©Z cøUwU cvw_©e Rxe‡bi, ev Íe Rxe‡bi i³-gvs‡mi gvbyl Gi Kzkxje| DÏxc‡Ki
Pwi‡Îi GKwU Ask Acvw_©e, Gi cÖavb PwiÎwU Hk¦wiK| GLv‡bB DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi wem`„k
fve n‡q‡Q|
mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ AcZ¨‡ œ‡n evOvwj Rbbx ZzjbviwnZ| gv wbR Rxe‡bi †P‡q Zvi mšÍvb‡K †ewk fv‡jvev‡mb|
mšÍv‡bi my›`i RxebB Zvi Rxe‡b cig AvKvw•ÿZ| mšÍv‡bi wec`-Avc‡` Zvi gb Aw ’i n‡q D‡V| gv
mšÍv‡bi gv_vi Dci cig ggZvgq Qvqv| hyM hyM a‡i Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ‡Z gv‡qi GB † œngq iƒcwUB cÖvavb¨
jvf K‡i‡Q|
ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq GK † œngqx gv‡qi Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wZwb ivZ †R‡M cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m _v‡Kb|
†QvU Kzu‡oN‡i kx‡Zi kxZj evqy †_‡K cy·K AvM‡j iv‡Lb| cy‡Îi my ’Zv Kvgbvq bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ
gv‡bb, `iMvq `vb-LqivZ K‡ib| cy‡Îi Ag½j Avk¼vq Zvi AšÍivZ¥v †Ku‡c D‡V| DÏxc‡KI Avgiv †`wL
cvUzbxi mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ AcZ¨ † œ‡ni cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| DÏxc‡K †`ex cvUzbx‡K ei w`‡Z PvB‡jI †m wb‡Ri Rb¨
wKQz Pvq bv| Zvi Rxe‡bi PvIqv n‡jv mšÍv‡bi GKwU cÖkvwšÍgq mg„× fwel¨r| DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvwU
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ167
ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi PvIqv ev¯Íe Rxeb‡Kw›`ªK Avi DÏxc‡K i‡q‡Q
A‡jŠwK‡Ki e¨Äbv| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †cÖÿY we›`y‡Z wem`„k fve i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxcK I ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq Acvi ggZ¡‡evaB cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
mšÍv‡bi g½j Kvgbv evOvwj Rbbxi wPi PvIqv| Zvi Rxeb AvewZ©Z nq mšÍvb‡K wN‡i| mšÍv‡bi my‡Li Rb¨ gv
Zvi wb‡Ri myL‡K wemR©b †`b| Rxe‡bi mg Í wec`-Avc` †_‡K gv Zvi mšÍvb‡K AvM‡j iv‡Lb| e ‘Z gv
mšÍv‡bi myL-`ytL,Avb›`-†e`bvi m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡q D‡Vb| evOvwj bvixi G wPiKvjxb iƒcwUB wPi cÖengvb|
ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq Avgiv mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ cÖej gvZ…Z¡‡eva dz‡U DV‡Z †`wL| GKRb gv Amy ’ †Q‡ji wkq‡i
e‡m Zvi †mev Ki‡Q| wZwb e‡m e‡m Zvi ˆkk‡ei K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Qb| †Q‡ji Zz”Q Ave`vi¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡Z
bv cvivi e¨_©Zv Zv‡K KvZi Zz‡j‡Q| mšÍv‡bi g½j Kvgbvq Zvi †PvL w`‡q AkÖæi aviv eB‡Q| wZwb †Q‡ji
my ’Zv Kvgbvq bvgv‡Ri N‡i †gvgevwZ gvbZ K‡i‡Qb, Avi `iMvq K‡i‡Qb `vb| GZ wKQzi ciI mšÍv‡bi
AKj¨vY Avk¼vq AvZw¼Z n‡q‡Qb| DÏxc‡KI †`wL mšÍv‡bi g½j Kvgbvq GKwU ¯M©xq evZveiY| †`ex
cvUzbx‡K ei PvB‡Z ej‡j †m wb‡Ri Rb¨ wKQzB Pvq bv| †m †P‡q‡Q Zvi mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ cÖkvwšÍgq Rxeb I mg„×
fwel¨r| DÏxc‡Ki cvUzbx PwiÎwU mšÍvb † œ‡ni Pig civKvôv †`wL‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡`i mgvR Rxe‡b gv wn‡m‡e GKRb bvixi AK…wÎg † œn I cig ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi mšÍvb‡K
AveZ©b K‡i| ejv hvq, ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZv I DÏxcK DfqwU‡Z welqwU AbyiwYZ n‡q‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Awb›`¨ Rxe‡b AvR cÖ_g fvZ iuva‡Z †Mj| †m bv cvij gvo Mvj‡Z, bv cvij fv‡jv K‡i fvZ evo‡Z| gv GKevi
wb‡R DVevi †Póv Ki‡jb wKš‘ gv_v †mvRv Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv, weQvbvq Mwo‡q c‡o †M‡jb| Ae‡k‡l gvZv-cy‡Îi
GKiKg fvZ LvIqv nj| gv cy·K ivbœvi wbqg †kLv‡Z wM‡q †_‡g †M‡jb| cy‡Îi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Zvi †PvL w`‡q
†Kej A‡Svi avivq AkÖæ eB‡Z jvMj|
K. ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvq N‡ii Pv‡j †Kvb cvwL Wv‡K?
L. ÔAvRI †iv‡M Zvi c_¨ †Rv‡UwbÕ ÑDw³wU eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxcKwU ÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N. ÒDÏxcK GesÔcwjøRbbxÕ KweZv Dfq‡ÿ‡ÎB AcZ¨ gvZ…‡¯œn cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Ki yb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. M 2. M 3. M 4. M 5. K 6. N 7. M 8. L 9. L 10. N 11. M 12. K
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó
w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wkÿv_x©eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó
mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv
†evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg
mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|
AwWI/wfwWI
KweZvÑ168 SSC-1651
e„wó
diiyL Avng`
diiæL Avng` 1918 mv‡ji 10 Ryb gv¸iv †Rjvi gvSAvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv ˆmq` nv‡Zg Avjx
I gv iIkb AvLZvi| 1937 mv‡j wZwb Lyjbv †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªKz‡jkb I 1939 mv‡j KjKvZvi wicb K‡jR
†_‡K AvBG cvm K‡ib| wZwb wKQyKvj ¯‹wUk PvP© K‡j‡R `k©‡b Ges †m›Ucj K‡j‡R Bs‡iwR‡Z Abvm© c‡ob|
wKš‘ cixÿv bv w`‡qB Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b 1947 †_‡K 1972 ch©š Í XvKv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi ÷vd
ivBUvi wQ‡jb| Gi Av‡M wZwb wewfbœ PvKwi‡Z wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| mvwnZ¨ mvabvi ga¨ w`‡q gymwjg cybR©vMi‡Y
wZwb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuvi KweZvq evsjvi AatcwZZ gymwjg mgv‡Ri cybR©vMi‡Yi Aby‡cÖiYv cÖKvk
†c‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zuv‡K Ôgymwjg †i‡bmuvi KweÕ ejv nq| Bmjv‡gi Av`k© Zuvi Kve¨m„wói g~j †cÖiYv| Kve¨PP©vi
ˆewPΨ I Kwe-fvebvi †gŠwjK‡Z¡ Kwe diiæL Avng` mgwaK L¨vZ| wZwb Zuvi Kv‡e¨ AZ¨š Í ˆbcy‡Y¨i ms‡M Aviwe,
dviwm I D`©y k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| mvwnZ¨-mvabvi ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi I GKz‡k c`Kmn
wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1974 mv‡ji 19 A‡±vei wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS, wmivRvg& gybxiv, †bŠ‡dj I nv‡Zg, gyn~‡Z©i KweZv, cvwLi evmv, nv‡ZgZvqx, bZzb
†jLv, ni‡di Qov, Qovi Avmi|
diiæL Avng` Zuvi weL¨vZ Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq e„wó m¤ú‡K© g‡bi Abyf‚wZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| e„wónxb cÖK…wZi iæÿZv Ges
gvbeg‡b Zvi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Kwe GB KweZvq aviYv w`‡q‡Qb| cÖK…wZi w œ» †Kvgj iƒc wdwi‡q G‡b el© Kxfv‡e
cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`b RvwM‡q †Zv‡j Zvi e¨vL¨v wZwb w`‡q‡Qb| gvby‡li AZxZ I eZ©gv‡bi bvbv Uvbvco‡b el©vgyLi w`‡bi
¸iæZ¡ Kwe Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
MÖx‡®§i iæÿZv Avi el©vi cÖvYgq †mŠ›`h© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
gvby‡li g‡b †gN-e„wói cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ169
e„wó G‡jv ... eû cÖZxwÿZ e„wó ! Ñ cÙv †gNbvi
`ycv‡k Avevw` MÖv‡g, e„wó G‡jv cy‡ei nvIqvq,
we`» AvKvk, gvV †X‡K †Mj KvRj Qvqvq;
we`y¨r-i~cmx cwi †g‡N †g‡N n‡q‡Q mIqvi|
w`Kw`M‡š Íi c‡_ Aci~c Avfv †`‡L Zvi
el©YgyLi w`‡b Ai‡Y¨i †Kqv wknivq,
†iŠ`ª-`» avb‡ÿZ AvR Zvi ¯úk© †c‡Z Pvq,
b`xi dvU‡j eb¨v Av‡b c~Y© cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi|
iyM&Y e„× wfLvixi iM-IVv nv‡Zi gZb
iyÿ gvV Amgvb †kv‡b †mB el©‡Yi myi,
Z…wlZ e‡bi mv‡_ †R‡M I‡V Z…lvZß gb,
cvwo w`‡q †h‡Z Pvq eû c_, cÖvš Íi eÜzi,
†hLv‡b we¯§„Z w`b c‡o Av‡Q wbtm½ wbR©b
†mLv‡b el©vi †gN Rv‡M AvR welYœ †g yi \
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Avevw`Ñ Pvl‡hvM¨| †KqvÑ †KZKx dzj ev ZviMvQ| Z…wlZÑ wccvmvhy³| cÖvšÍiÑ gvV; RbemwZ cÖf…wZ †bB Ggb
we Í…Z f‚wg| Z…òvZßÑ wccvmvq KvZi| cÖZxwÿZÑ cÖZxÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q ev n‡”Q Ggb| eÜziÑ AmgZj; DuPz-wbPz|
we`y¨r i~cmx cwiÑ we`y¨r PgKv‡bv‡K †jvKR aviYv Abyhvqx my›`ix cwii m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h †g‡N †g‡N Ny‡i
†eovq| welYœ †g`yiÑ e„wówenxb cÖK…wZi iæÿZv e„wói AvMg‡b `~ixf~Z n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ GLb w œ»‡Kvgj n‡q Pvwiw`K
K‡i Zz‡j‡Q cÖv‡Yv”Q¡j| we`»Ñ c°; imÁvbm¤úbœ; wbcyY| iæM&Y e„× wfLvixi ... Z…òvZß gbÑ `xN© el©Ynxb w`‡b
gvVNvU ïwK‡q †h iæÿ g~wZ© aviY K‡i‡Q Kwe Zv‡K iæM&Y e„× wfLvixi iM-IVv nv‡Zi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| GLb
el©‡Yi ïiæ‡Z Z…òvKvZi gvV-NvU I e‡b †`Lv w`‡q‡Q cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi| wknivÑ wkD‡i IVv; Kw¤úZ nIqv|
mIqviÑ Av‡ivnx|
mvims‡ÿc :
MÖx®§Kv‡j gvV-NvU †d‡U †PŠwPi n‡q hvq| n‡q I‡V e„× wfLvwii iM-IVv nv‡Zi g‡Zv| Gici Av‡m eû-
cÖZxwÿZ e„wó| AvKv‡k Kv‡jv †gN R‡g| we`y¨r PgKvq| e„wói cvwbi ci‡k Z…òvZ© MvQ¸‡jv cÖvYcÖvPz‡h© f‡i
I‡V| cÖK…wZ‡Z †`Lv †`q cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi| gvby‡li gbI †gN-e„wói cÖfve Gov‡Z cv‡i bv| wbweo el©vi w`‡b
gvbyl ¯§„wZKvZi nq| gb Qz‡U hvq ¯§„wZi wbR©‡b; el©vi †g‡Ni g‡Zv `~i‡`‡k|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq †Kvb †Kvb b`xi D‡jøL Av‡Q?
K.cÙv-†gNbv L. †gNbv-hgybv M. eªþcyÎ-evbvi N. cÙv-hgybv
2.ÔwelYœ †g`yiÕ kãwU Øviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. nZvkv L. w œ» †Kvgj M. Z…òvZ© gb N. Aemv`
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ170 SSC-1651
3. ÔZ…wlZ e‡bi mv‡_ †R‡M I‡V Z…lvZß gbÕ ÑG e³‡e¨i m`„k fve i‡q‡Q †Kvb evK¨wU‡Z?
i. wbwk ivBZ euvk evMvb we Íi †RvbvwK mvÿx| ii. †hLv‡b we¯§„Z w`b c‡o Av‡Q wbtm½ wbR©b|
iii. y-cv‡k Avevw` MÖv‡g, e„wó G‡jv cy‡ei nvIqvq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
4. DÏxcK I Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq el©vi AvMg‡b gvby‡li gbÑ
K. welYœ nq L. wein KvZi nq M. ¯§„wZKvZi nq N. wei³ nq
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Ô†KqvÕ †Kv_vq _v‡K?
K. Ai‡Y¨ L. we‡j M. gv‡V N. Lv‡j
6. Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq e„wó‡K ejv n‡q‡QÑ
i. KvRj Qvq ii. iƒcmx cwi iii. eû cÖZxwÿZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. iii N. i I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ôev`‡ji mv‡_ wgwkqv Mwo‡Q Av‡iK KíjZv|Õ
7. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨i wecixZ fve i‡q‡Q †h ev‡K¨Ñ
i. †iŠ`ª-`» avb‡ÿZ AvR Zvi ¯úk© †c‡Z Pvq
ii. b`xi dvU‡j eb¨v Av‡b c~Y© cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi
iii. iæ² gvV Avmgvb †kv‡b †mB el©‡Yi myi|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii
8. Giƒc ˆecix‡Z¨i KviY n‡”QÑ
K. e„wói cÖZ¨vkv L. R‡ji cÖZ¨vkv M. eb¨vi AvMgb N. wmW‡ii ZvÐe
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
e¨vKzj †e‡M AvwR e‡n hvq,
weRjx †_‡K †_‡K PgKvq
†h K_v G Rxe‡b iwnqv †Mj g‡b
†m K_v AvwR †hb ejv hvq
Ggb Nb‡Nvi ewilvq|
K. ÔmIqviÕ A_© Kx?
L. Ôwe`» AvKvkÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki yb|
N. ÒDÏxcKwU Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi GKwU we‡kl fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q, mgMÖZv‡K bq|Ó ÑAvcbvi gZvgZ Kx?
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. ÔmIqviÕ k‡ãi A_© Av‡ivnx|
L. Ôwe`» AvKvkÕ ej‡Z GLv‡b MÖx‡®§i cÖPÐ Zv‡c `» AvKvk‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| MÖx®§Kv‡j m~‡h©i cÖPÐ Zv‡c
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZ‡Z †hb Av¸b a‡i hvq| m~‡h©i cÖPÐ kvm‡b c„w_exi eyK we`xY© nq| G mgq cÖLi Zv‡c AvKvk
Z…òvq Kuv‡c| †iv‡`i myZxeª Zv‡c AvKvkUv M‡j †h‡Z Pvq| DËß m~h©Uv †hb IB AvKvkUv‡K Sjmv‡Z _v‡K|
M. Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq e„wói w`‡b ms‡e`bkxj gvby‡li gb imwm³ n‡q IVvi welqwU DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ171
el©vi w`‡b cÖK…wZ‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b Av‡m| †m mg‡q cÖK…wZ‡Z †b‡g Av‡m cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi| e‡bi dzj¸‡jv el©vq
wf‡R wbwg‡lB Pvicvk †gvwnZ K‡i| e„wói R‡j MvQ-cvjv, jZv-cvZv Acvi Avb‡›` wknwiZ nq| e„wói Aweij
Rjavivq cÖK…wZ‡Z †hb Q›` I myi †e‡R I‡V|
Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq el©v cÖK…wZ‡Z cÖv‡Yi RvMiY NUvq| Avi e„wóB el©vi cÖvY| e„wó‡Z e‡bi †Kqv dzj wknwiZ nq| iæ²
gvwU †hb cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`b wd‡i cvq| cÖK…wZ w¯œ»-‡Kvgj I mRxe n‡q I‡V| G mg‡q gvby‡li gb ms‡e`bkxj n‡q
Av‡eMZvwoZ nq| Zvi g‡b c‡o myLgq AZxZ, cyi‡bv ¯§„wZ Avi fv‡jvjvMvi Avíbv Auv‡K g‡b g‡b| e„wó KL‡bv
gb‡K welYœ K‡i, Avevi KL‡bv Rxe‡b evovq wein| gb Kv‡Qi gvbyl‡K †c‡Z Pvq| DÏxc‡KI Kwei gb e„wói
†Quvqvq AvKzj n‡q I‡V| weRjx †_‡K †_‡K PgKvq| †m gb AvR wcÖqRb‡K †hb wKQz ej‡Z Pvq| Nb‡Nvi el©vq
Kwei gb Av‡eMZvwoZ nq, imwm³ nq| Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq el©YgyLi w`‡b gvby‡li †PZbvq myLgq AZxZ I wein-
†e`bvi w`KwU bvov †`q| DÏxc‡KI †`Lv hvq G w`‡b KvD‡K †hb Kv‡Q †c‡q gb wKQz ej‡Z Pvq| ZvB ejv hvq,
Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi el©vi w`‡b gvbe g‡bi ¯§„wZKvZiZv Avi wein welYœZvi welqwUB DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
N. DÏxcKwU Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi GKwU we‡kl fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q, mgMÖZv‡K Zz‡j a‡iwb|
cÖK…wZ RM‡Z e„wó Av‡m cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi wb‡q| e„wói d‡j b`xi yav‡i cøveb †`Lv †`q| e„wói R‡j e‡bi dzj¸‡jv
Acvi Avb‡›` wknwiZ nq| Z…wlZ gvV cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`‡b †b‡P I‡V| cÖK…wZ mRxe nq| MvQ-cvjv, ZiæjZv mRxe n‡q
I‡V| Avi evsjvi cÖK…wZ bemv‡R mw¾Z nq|
Ôe„wóÕ KweZvq Kwei eY©bv Abyhvqx e„wói w`‡b we y¨r iƒcmx cwi †g‡N †g‡N mIqvi nq| w`K-w`M‡šÍ cÖK…wZi Aciƒc
†kvfv weKwkZ nq| w`MšÍ‡Rvov c„w_ex, eb, avb‡ÿZ, b`x bZzb cÖvY cvq| gvby‡li g‡bI Rv‡M wewPÎ wµqv I
cÖwZwµqv| KL‡bv myLgq AZxZ, KL‡bv ¯§„wZKvZiZv wKsev KL‡bv wein welYœZv| me wgwj‡q Ôe„wóÕ KweZvwU‡Z
e„wói mvgwMÖK GKwU iƒc cwiù~U‡bi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxcKwU‡Z ïay gvby‡li Aemi gyn~‡Z©i GKwU
welq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| e„wói w`‡b gb e¨vKzj nq| wcÖqRb‡K g‡bi K_v ej‡Z B”Qv K‡i| el©YgyLi w`‡b gvby‡li
weinKvZiZv †e‡o hvq| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, DÏxcKwU gvby‡li g‡bi GKwUgvÎ Abyf~wZ‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| DÏxcKwU
†h †Kv‡bv w`K †_‡K †nvK GKwUgvÎ Abyf~wZ‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| GwU cwic~Y© fve cÖKv‡k mÿg bq| Avi Ôe„wóÕ
KweZvq e„wói GKwU mvgwMÖK w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †Kej ¯§„wZKvZiZv Avi weinKvZiZvi Abyf~wZi Rb¨ DÏxcKwU
Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi GKUv fve‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Q gvÎ, mgMÖ fve‡K bq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi mvgwMÖK
w`K bq, GKwU we‡kl fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q gvÎ|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
bxj be N‡b Avlvp MM‡b wZj VuvB Avi bvwn‡i,
I‡Mv AvR †Zviv hvm‡b N‡ii evwn‡i,
ev`‡ji aviv S‡i Si Si
AvD‡ki †ÿZ R‡j fi fi|
K. Kwe we`y¨r PgKv‡bv‡K Kx‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb?
L. Ôwe`y¨r iƒcmx cwiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxcK I Ôe„wóÕ KweZvi mv „‡k¨i w`KwU Zz‡j ai yb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I Ôe„wóÕ Dfq KweZvqB evsjv‡`‡ki el©vi AšÍi‡jv‡Ki iƒcwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|Ó ÑAv‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K 2. L 3. L 4. M 5. K 6. L 7. L 8. K
KweZvÑ172 SSC-1651
Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMšÍyK bB
Avnmvb nvexe
Avnmvb nvexe 1917 wLª÷v‡ãi 2 Rvbyqvwi wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi k¼icvkv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv nvwgRyÏxb
nvIjv`vi I gv Rwgjv LvZzb| cvwievwiKfv‡e Avnmvb nvexe mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi Ave‡ni g‡a¨ eo n‡q‡Qb| †mB
m~‡Î QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wZwb †jLv‡jwLi m‡½ hy³ nb| wc‡ivRcyi miKvwi ¯‹zj †_‡K gva¨wgK wkÿv m¤úbœ K‡i
ewikvj weGg K‡j‡R fwZ© nb wKš‘ A_v©fv‡e covïbv Amgvß †i‡L 1936 m‡b wZwb RxweKvi mÜv‡b KjKvZv P‡j
hvb| G-mgq †_‡KB Zuvi KwVb Rxeb msMÖv‡gi Ges cÖK…Z Kve¨mvabvi ïiæ| KjKvZvi Rxe‡b Avnmvb nvexe
mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib Ges g„Zz¨ Aewa G †ckv‡ZB wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| g„Zz¨i c~e© ch©š Í wZwb wQ‡jb
evsjv‡`‡ki ˆ`wbK evsjv cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K| Mfxi Rxeb‡eva I Avkvev` Zuvi KweZv‡K wewkó e¨Äbv `vb
K‡i‡Q| wZwb mvgvwRK ˆel‡g¨i weiy‡× Ges AvZ© gvbeZvi mc‡ÿ e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K ¯‡`k I gvZ…fvlvi
¯iƒc-mÜvb Zuvi Kve¨mvabvi †cÖiYv| mvwnZ¨K‡g©i ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb BD‡b‡¯‹v mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, evsjv GKv‡Wwg
cyi¯‹vi I GKz‡k c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| Avnmvb nvexe 1985 mv‡ji 10 RyjvB g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : ivw·kl, Qvqv nwiY, mviv `ycyi, Avkvq emwZ, `yÕnv‡Z `yB Avw`g cv_i;
Dcb¨vm : AviY¨ bxwjgv, ivYx Lv‡ji mvu‡Kv;
wkï-mvwnZ¨ : †RvQbv iv‡Zi Mí, QzwUi w`b `ycy‡i, †ijMvwo SgvSg, wewó c‡o Uvcyi Uzcyi|
ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvwU Kwe Avnmvb nvex‡ei Ô`yÕnv‡Z `yB Avw`g cv_iÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q|
gvby‡li mv‡_ Zvi Rb¥f‚wgi Awe‡”Q`¨ m¤ú‡K©i K_v wZwb G KweZvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Kwe GLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek I MÖvgxY Rbc‡`i m‡½ gvby‡li Mfxi m¤úK© I †`k‡cÖ‡gi cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rb¥f‚wgi
Avcb cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ wb‡R‡K GKxf‚Zfv‡e †`‡L‡Qb| †`‡ki cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li m‡½ Kwei wbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q,
Avi GUvB Zuvi Aw¯ÍZ¡| †Kbbv gvbeRxeb I Rb¥f~wg ci¯úi Mfxifv‡e m¤úwK©Z|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
MÖvg-evsjvi Rxeb I cÖK…wZi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
†`‡ki cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li mv‡_ Kwei wbweo m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ173
Avmgv‡bi Zviv mvÿx
mvÿx GB Rwg‡bi dzj, GB
wbwkivBZ euvkevMvb we¯Íi †RvbvwK mvÿx
mvÿx GB Rviæj Rvgiæj, mvÿx
cy‡ei cyKzi, Zvi SvKov Wzgy‡ii Wv‡j w ’i `„wó
gvQivOv Avgv‡K †P‡b
Avwg †Kv‡bv Af¨vMZ bB
†Lv`vi Kmg Avwg wfb‡`wk cw_K bB
Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš ÍyK bB|
Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš ÍyK bB, Avwg
wQjvg GLv‡b, Avwg ¯vwcœK wbq‡g
GLv‡bB _vwK Avi
GLv‡b _vKvi bvg me©ÎB _vKv Ñ
mviv †`‡k|
Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš ÍyK bB| GB
Li †iŠ`ª RjR evZvm †gN K¬vš Í we‡K‡ji
cvwLiv Avgv‡K †P‡b
Zviv Rv‡b Avwg †Kv‡bv AvZ¥xq bB|
KvwZ©‡Ki av‡bi gÄix mvÿx
mvÿx Zvi wP‡ivj cvZvi
Ujgj wkwki Ñ mvÿx †R¨vrmœvi Pv`‡i XvKv
wbwk›`vi Qvqv
AKvj eva©‡K¨ bZ K`g Avjx
Zvi K¬vš Í †Pv‡Li Auvavi Ñ
Avwg wPwb, Avwg Zvi wPi‡Pbv ¯Rb GKRb| Avwg
Rwgjvi gvÕi
k~b¨ Lv Lv ivbœvNi ïK‡bv _vjv me wPwb
†m Avgv‡K †P‡b|
nvZ iv‡Lv ˆeVvq jvO‡j, †`‡Lv
Avgvi nv‡Zi ¯úk© †j‡M Av‡Q †Kgb Mfxi| †`‡Lv
gvwU‡Z Avgvi MÜ, Avgvi kix‡i
†j‡M Av‡Q GB wmœ» gvwUi myevm|
Avgv‡K wek¦vm K‡iv, Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš ÍyK bB|
`yÕcv‡k av‡bi †ÿZ
miy c_
mvg‡b ay ay b`xi wKbvi
Avgvi Aw ͇Z¡ Muv_v| Avwg GB DavI b`xi
gy» GK A‡eva evjK|
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ174 SSC-1651
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
A‡evaÑ AeyS; wb‡e©va| Af¨vMZÑ M„‡n G‡m‡Q Ggb e¨w³; AvMš‘K; wbgwš¿Z AwZw_| AvMš‘KÑ AwZw_; AcwiwPZ
bevMZ e¨w³| AvmgvbÑ AvKvk| wP‡ivjÑ gvSLv‡b †Piv; wPihy³| RwgbÑ f~wg| Rwgjvi gvÕi ... me wPwbÑ Mixe,
Afvex †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa Rwgjvi gv| Zv‡`i ivbœvNi k~b¨B _v‡K mvaviYZ| KviY ivbœv Kivi Lv`¨ Dcv`vb Zv‡`i
†bB| †h‡nZz ivbœv Kiv nq bv, LveviI LvIqv n‡q I‡V bv| ZvB _vjv-evmbI ïK‡bv _v‡K| KweI †mB Ae¯’vi
K_v Rv‡bb| `yÕ cv‡k av‡bi †ÿZ ... Avgvi Aw ͇Z¡ Muv_vÑ Kwe MÖvgxY Rxe‡bB †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| MÖv‡gi gvV-NvU
c_-cÖvšÍ‡ii g‡Zv †ÿ‡Zi miæ c_, Zvi cv‡k av‡bi mgv‡ivn Ges GKUz GwM‡q †M‡j wekvj b`xi wKbvi Kwei
g‡bi †fZi, Aw ’-g¾vq MÖw_Z n‡q Av‡Q| Giv mevB Kwei LyeB †Pbv-Rvbv| av‡bi gÄixÑ gÄix n‡jv gyKzj ev
wkl, av‡bi gÄix n‡jv av‡bi wkl ev gyKzj| wbwkivBZÑ Ôwbkx_ ivwÎÕi M ÖvgxY K_¨iƒc (Mfxi ivZ †evSv‡Z)|
wbwk›`vÑ GK ai‡bi MvQ| we ÍiÑ cÖPzi; †Xi| wfb‡`wkÑ Ab¨ †`‡ki; we‡`wk| cy‡eiÑ c~e© w`‡Ki| mvÿxÑ †Kv‡bv
wKQz wbR‡Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb Ggb †KD| w œ» gvwUi myevmÑ gvqvex I AvKl©Yxq MÖvgevsjv †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
mvims‡ÿc :
Kwe MÖvg-evsjviB mšÍvb| wZwb GLv‡b bZzb Avmv †Kv‡bv AwZw_ bb| evsjvi Rxeb I cÖK…wZi g‡a¨B Zuvi Rb¥ I
†e‡o IVv| ZvB wZwb GLvbKvi cÖK…wZ‡K †P‡bb| gvbyl‡K †P‡bb| Lye m~²fv‡e, Mfxifv‡e †P‡bb| wZwb wb‡RI
Zv‡`i AwZ cwiwPZ GKRb| wb‡Ri emwZ‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †P‡bb e‡jB cy‡iv †`k‡K Avcb K‡i †c‡Z Zuvi †Kv‡bv
Amyweav nq bv| G‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`‡h©, gvby‡li †ckvMZ KvRK‡g©, b`xi D`vË cÖev‡n Kwe Lyu‡R cvb wb‡Ri
Aw ÍZ¡| Zuvi ¯cœI AvewZ©Z nq Gme‡K wN‡iB|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Kwe Avnmvb nvex‡ei cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU?
K. mviv ycyi L. ivw·kl M. QvqvnwiY N. AviY¨ bxwjgv
2. ÔcvwLiv Avgv‡K †P‡bÕ PiYwUi Zvrch© n‡”QÑ
K. Kwe cvwL‡`i wPi†Pbv ¯Rb L. Kwe cvwL‡`i AwZw_
M. Kwe AcwiwPZ †KD bb N. Kwe cvwL‡`i AvZ¥vi AvZ¥xq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avgv‡`i †QvU Muv‡q †QvU †QvU Ni
_vwK †m_v m‡e wg‡j bvwn †Kn ci|
AvgMvQ, RvgMvQ, euvkSvo †hb,
wg‡j-wg‡k Av‡Q Iiv AvZ¥xq †nb|
3. DÏxcKwU wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡iÑ
K. Avgvi cwiPq L. Avwg AvMš‘K bB M. gvbyl N. e„wó
4. DÏxcK I KweZvi g‡a¨ mv`„‡k¨i KviY njÑ
i. AšÍi½Zv ii. Muv‡qi cÖK…wZ iii. ¯Rb fvebv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. ÔGLv‡bBÕ Kwe †Kvb wbq‡g _v‡Kb?
K. bvMwiKZ¡m~‡Î L. Rb¥MZfv‡e M. ¯^vwcœK wbq‡g N. cÖK…wZMZfv‡e
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ175
6. ÔZviv Rv‡b Avwg †Kvb AvZ¥xq bBÕ K_vwUi gv‡b n‡”QÑ
K. Kwe cvwL‡`i wPi‡Pbv L. Kwe cvwL‡`i AvZ¥xq M. Kwe cvwL‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx N. Kwe cvwL‡`i eÜz
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Avgvi c~e©evsjv GK¸”Q w œ»
AÜKv‡ii Zgvj
A‡bK cvZvi NwbôZvq
GKwU cÖMvp wbKzÄ|
7. DÏxcKwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q †h KweZvi m‡½Ñ
K. cÖvY L. cwjøRbbx M. Avwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bB N. gvbyl
8. Giƒc mv`„‡k¨i KviYÑ
K. fvlv I wPÎK‡í L. cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© M. Rxeb‡ev‡a N. Q›` web¨v‡m
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
Avwg evsjvq Mvb MvB
Avwg Avgvi Avwg‡K wPiw`b
GB evsjvq Luy‡R cvB|
Avwg evsjvq †`wL ¯cœ
Avwg evsjvq euvwa myi
Avwg GB evsjvi gvqv fiv c‡_
†nu‡UwQ GZUv `~i
evsjv Avgvi Rxebvb›`
evsjv cÖv‡Yi myi
Avwg GKevi †`wL,
evievi †`wL
†`wL evsjvi gyL|
K. Kwe Avnmvb nvexe †Kvb cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb?
L. ÔAvwg GB DavI b`xi gy» GK A‡eva evjK|Õ ÑKwe †Kb GK_v e‡j‡Qb ?
M. DÏxc‡K ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? ÑAv‡jvPbv Ki yb|
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi Kwe Rb¥f~wg‡K Avcb mËvq Abyfe Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|Ó
Ñ gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Kwe Avnmvb nvexe Aaybvjyß Ô‰`wbK evsjvÕ cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|
L. evsjvi cÖK…wZ, gvV-NvU, cÖvšÍ‡ii †mŠ›`‡h© Kwe gy»| wZwb A‡eva evj‡Ki g‡Zv evsjvi cÖK…wZi GB †mŠ›`h©
Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Kwe Avnmvb nvexe ˆK‡kv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Ave‡n †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| MÖvgxY cÖK…wZi gvV-NvU, c_-cÖvšÍ‡ii
g‡Zv †L‡Zi miæ c_, Zvi cv‡k av‡bi mgv‡ivn Ges GKUz GwM‡q †M‡j wekvj b`xi wKbvi Kwei g‡bi
†fZi, Aw¯’-g¾vq wg‡k Av‡Q| evsjvi cÖK…wZ Kwe‡K GZUvB gy» K‡i‡Q †h, wZwb GLvbKvi gvbyl I cÖK…wZ‡K
†hgb fv‡jvfv‡e †P‡bb, †Zgwb wZwbI Zv‡`i wPi‡Pbv ¯Rb| ZvB Kwe e‡j‡Qb, Avwg GB DavI b`xi gy»
GK A‡eva evjK|
M. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ Kwei ¯‡`k‡cÖ‡gi welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
KweZvÑ176 SSC-1651
Rb¥f~wgi m‡½ gvby‡li bvoxi m¤úK©| Rb¥f~wg‡Z wkKo †M‡o gvbyl mgMÖ †`k‡K Avcb K‡i cvq| Gi
mewKQzB Zvi KZ †Pbv, KZ Rvbv| Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ gvby‡li GB AbyfzwZ Zzjbvnxb|
DÏxc‡K GKRb Kwei Avcb mËv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GB Kwe evsjvq Mvb K‡ib Ges evsjv‡ZB wb‡R‡K Luy‡R
cvb| GB evsjv‡ZB evm K‡i wZwb wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi Avb›` Luy‡R †c‡q _v‡Kb| ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ
KweZvq Kwe Avnmvb nvexeI Zuvi Aw ÍZ¡ wb‡Ri Rb¥f~wg evsjvq Luy‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, wZwb GLv‡b
†Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bb| wZwb †hgb IB Avmgvb, Rwg‡bi dzj, †RvbvwK, cyKzi, gvQivOv‡K †P‡bb wVK †Zgwb
ZvivI Zv‡K †P‡b| Kwe e‡j‡Qb, MÖvgxY Rbc‡`i m‡½ Zuvi Rxeb euvav| GwUB n‡”Q Zvi Aw ÍZ¡| Gfv‡e ejv
hvq, ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ-Gi Kwei wbR †`‡ki cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvB DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
N. †`k‡cÖg gv‡b n‡”Q Zv‡K Avcb mËvq wb‡Ri Abyf~wZ‡Z Abyfe Kiv|
Rb¥f~wgi m‡½ gvby‡li AvRxe‡bi m¤úK©| Gi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv wPišÍb| GB gvwU‡Z wkKo †M‡oB gvbyl mgMÖ
†`k‡K Avcb K‡i cvq| Rb¥f~wgi mewKQzB Zvi wbKU g‡b nq KZ †Pbv, KZ Rvbv| Rb¥f~wgi cÖK…wZ I iƒ‡c
†m gy» nq| Gi gvwU, Zvi MÜ, Zvi wbKU AwZ Avcb| Zvi kix‡i †j‡M _v‡K GB w œ» gvwUi myevm|
Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ gvby‡li GB fv‡jvevmvi cÖKvk wfbœ wfbœ n‡jI Abyf~wZi RM‡Z Zv Awfbœ iƒc aviY K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwe wb‡R‡K evsjvi gvwU‡Z Luy‡R cvb| Gi gvqvfiv c_ w`‡q wZwb A‡bK †nu‡U‡Qb| Kwe e‡j‡Qb,
wZwb evsjv‡K wPiw`b †P‡bb| evsjvq ¯cœ †`Lv Zvi wPiKvjxb Kvgbv| evsjv Zvi wbKU Rxebvb›`| wZwb
evsjvi gyL GKevi bq, evi evi †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvqI Kwe Zvi wPi‡Pbv
cwi‡ek A_©vr GB evsjvi Rbc‡` wb‡Ri wkKo mÜvb K‡i‡Qb| Kwe e‡j‡QbÑ cvwL, KvwZ©‡Ki avb wKsev ïay
wkwki bq, wZwb GB Rbc‡`i gvbyl‡KI fv‡jvfv‡e †P‡bb| wZwb †hgb IB Avmgvb, Rwg‡bi dzj, †RvbvwK,
cyKzi, gvQivOv‡K †P‡bb, †Zgwb ZvivI Zv‡K †P‡b| GB MÖvgxY Rbc‡`i m‡½B Kwei Rxeb euvav|
Rb¥f~wgi m‡½ gvbyl Mfxifv‡e m¤ú„³| Gi mewKQzB Zvi AwZ AvcbRb| Rb¥f~wgi Aw ÍZ¡ Zvi Aw ’-g¾vq|
Gfv‡eB †m mgMÖ †`k‡K Avcb K‡i cvq| wb‡Ri mËv w`‡q Abyfe K‡i| ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvq
GB AbyfeB Kwe Avnmvb nvexe Mfxi ggZvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki KweI evsjvi mewKQz‡K wb‡Ri mËvq
Abyfe K‡ib| Avi Abyfe K‡ib e‡jB evsjvi cÖwZ Zvi Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq,
DÏxc‡Ki Kwe Ges ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ-Gi Kwe Rb¥f~wg‡K GKvšÍfv‡e Avcb mËvq Abyfe K‡i‡Qb|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
fvIqvj Avgvi Aw ’g¾v
fvIqvj Avgvi cÖvY!
Avwg Zvi wbe©vwmZ Aag mšÍvb
Zvi †m gjq evq, nwiYx PgwK Pvq,
AP‡j DQ‡j c‡o Mwj‡q cvlvY;
Zvnvwi gayi k¦v‡m, myav-‡mvgim-ev‡m
†`eZv Qvwoqv Av‡m b›`b D`¨vb!
K. Kwei Aw ͇Z¡ Muv_v i‡q‡Q †KvbwU?
L. ÔAvwg †Kvb AvMš‘K bB|Õ Ñej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?
M. ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. Ò†cªÿvcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK Ges ÔAvwg †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K bBÕ KweZvi †`k‡cÖg Awfbœ|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Ki yb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. L 2. K 3. L 4. N 5. L 6. K 7. M 8. L
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ177
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv
kvgmyi ivngvb
kvgmyi ivngvb 1929 mv‡ji 24†k A‡±vei XvKv kn‡i Zuvi bvbvevwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi ˆcZ…K wbevm
biwms`x †Rjvi ivqcyiv _vbvi cvovZjx MÖvg| Zuvi wcZv †gvL‡jmyi ingvb †PŠayix I gvZv Av‡gbv LvZzb| kvgmyi
ivngvb 1945 mv‡j XvKvi †cv‡MvR ¯‹zj †_‡K g¨vwUªK, XvKv K‡jR †_‡K 1947 mv‡j B›UviwgwW‡qU cvk K‡ib|
wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bs‡iwR wefv‡M fwZ© n‡qI P~ovšÍ cixÿv bv w`‡q cvm‡Kv‡m© weG cvk K‡ib| Zuvi †ckv
wQj mvsevw`KZv| AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m wZwb †jLv‡jwL ïiæ K‡ib| Zuvi ÔeY©gvjv Avgvi `ytwLbx eY©gvjvÕ, Ô¯vaxbZv
ZzwgÕ, Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯vaxbZvÕ, Ôm‡d` cvÄvweÕ, ÔAvmv‡`i kvU©Õ cÖf…wZ KweZvq D‡V G‡m‡Q evOvwj
RvwZi ¯cœ I fwel¨Z| wel‡q, Avw½‡K, Dc ’vcbvq Zuvi KweZv ¯Zš¿ ˆewk‡ó¨ D¾¡j| we‡kl K‡i ga¨weË bvMwiK
Rxe‡bi cÖZ¨vkv, nZvkv, wew”QbœZv, ˆeivM¨ I msMÖvg Zuvi KweZvq mv_©Kfv‡e wea„Z| fvi‡Zi hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vjq
I iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K wWwjU Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| GQvov wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`K I
¯vaxbZv c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| 2006 mv‡ji 17 AvM÷ wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi cÖavb Kve¨MÖš’ :
cÖ_g Mvb wØZxq g„Zz¨i Av‡M, †iŠ`ª K‡ivwU‡Z, weaŸ¯Í bxwjgv, wbR evmf~‡g, e›`x wkwei †_‡K, `ytmg‡qi
gy‡LvgywL, wdwi‡q bvI NvZK KuvUv, Avwg Abvnvix, evsjv‡`k ¯cœ `¨v‡L, eyK Zvi evsjv‡`‡ki ü`q,
M„nhy‡×i Av‡M, nwi‡Yi nvo, gvbe ü`‡q ˆb‡e`¨ mvRvB|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ kxl©K KweZvwU Ôkvgmyi ivngv‡bi †kÖô KweZvÕ bvgK MÖš’ †_‡K M„nxZ
n‡q‡Q| KweZvwU Kwei Ôe›`x wkwei †_‡KÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’i AšÍfz©³| ¯vaxbZv AR©‡b evOvwji msMÖvgx †PZbv Ges
Zuv‡`i gnvb AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gwngv Kwe my›`ifv‡e GB KweZvq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b Kwe ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki
me© ͇ii gvby‡li AvZ¥Z¨vM, cvK-nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmhÁ, gyw³Kvgx gvby‡li cÖZxÿvi ¯iƒc e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Kwe
¯vaxbZv AR©‡bi BwZnvm †_‡K ¯vaxbZv‡K iÿv I A_©en K‡i Zzj‡Z mKj‡K D¾xweZ I AbycÖvwYZ n‡Z AvnŸvb
Rvwb‡q‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ wewPÎ gvby‡li AvZ¥Z¨vM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
¯vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿv I Abyf‡ei Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ178 SSC-1651
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨
Avi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq ?
Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb ?
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯vaxbZv,
mvwKbv wewei Kcvj fvOj,
wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj nwi`vmxi|
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯vaxbZv,
kn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv
`vb‡ei g‡Zv wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯vaxbZv,
QvÎvevm, ew Í DRvo n‡jv| wiK‡qj‡jm ivB‡dj
Avi †gwkbMvb LB †dvUvj hÎZÎ|
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j QvB n‡jv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg|
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j weaŸ¯ Í cvovq cÖfzi ev ‘wfUvi
fMœ Í~‡c `uvwo‡q GKUvbv AvZ©bv` Kij GKUv KzKzi|
Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯vaxbZv,
AeyS wkï nvgv¸wo w`j wcZv-gvZvi jv‡ki Dci|
†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv, †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨
Avi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq ?
Avi KZevi †`L‡Z n‡e LvÐe`vnb ?
¯vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨ _yÌy‡o GK ey‡ov
D`vm `vIqvq e‡m Av‡Qb Ñ Zuvi †Pv‡Li wb‡P Aciv‡nèi
`ye©j Av‡jvi wSwjK, evZv‡m bo‡Q Pzj|
¯vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨
†gvjøvevwoi GK weaev `uvwo‡q Av‡Q
boe‡o LyuwU a‡i `» N‡ii|
¯vaxbZv, †Zvgvi R‡b¨
nvwÇmvi GK Abv_ wK‡kvix k~b¨ _vjv nv‡Z
e‡m Av‡Q c‡_i av‡i|
†Zvgvi R‡b¨,
mMxi Avjx, kvnevRcy‡ii †mB †Rvqvb K…lK,
†Kó `vm, †R‡jcvovi me‡P‡q mvnmx †jvKUv,
gZje wgqv, †gNbv b`xi `ÿ gvwS,
MvRx MvRx e‡j †h †bŠKv Pvjvq DÏvg S‡o,
iy Íg †kL, XvKvi wiKkvIqvjv, hvi dzmdzm
GLb †cvKvi `L‡j
Avi ivB‡dj Kuv‡a e‡b R½‡j Ny‡i-†eov‡bv
†mB †ZwR ZiæY hvi c`fv‡i
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ179
GKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rb¥ n‡Z P‡j‡Q Ñ
mevB Aaxi cÖZxÿv Ki‡Q †Zvgvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv|
c„w_exi GK cÖvš Í †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡š Í R¡jš Í
†NvlYvi aŸwb-cÖwZaŸwb Zz‡j,
bZzb wbkvb Dwo‡q, `vgvgv evwR‡q w`wM¦w`K
GB evsjvq
†Zvgv‡K Avm‡ZB n‡e, †n ¯vaxbZv|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AaxiÑ Aw ’i; e¨vKzj| AcivnèÑ weKvj| AvZ©bv`Ñ KvZi wPrKvi| LvÐe`vnbÑ fxlY AwMœKvÐ| †RvqvbÑ hyeK;
cÖvßeq¯‹ †jvK| Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j ... QvÎvevm, ew Í DRvo n‡jvÑ ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i ïiæ‡Z cvwK Ívwb †mbvevwnbx
evOvwj‡`i Ici exfrm I fqsKi AvµgY Pvjvq; Zviv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg Av¸‡b cywo‡q †`q; Zv‡`i †mB AvµgY
†_‡K Qv·`i QvÎvevm, Mixe gvby‡li _vKvi RvqMv, ew ÍI iÿv cvqwb; cvwK Ívwb †mbviv QvÎvevm I ew¯Í‡ZI
AvµgY K‡i, Ges †mLvbKvi gvbyl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i Ges cywo‡q wbwðý K‡i †`q| _yÌy‡o GK ey‡ovÑ eq‡mi
fv‡i weaŸ Í †jvK, hvi eqm A‡bK n‡q‡Q Ges PjvPj Ki‡Z hvi Kó nq| `vIqvÑ eviv›`v, DVvb| `vgvgvÑ
XvKRvZxq iYev`¨| w`wM¦w`KÑ me©w`K| wbkvbÑ cZvKv; †KZb| cÖZxÿvÑ A‡cÿv| ev¯‘wfUvÑ eûKv‡ji emZf‚wg
c yiælvbyµ‡g †h evwo‡Z evm Kiv nq| weaŸ ÍÑ wejyß, PZzw`©‡K wewÿß| fMœ Í‚cÑ Í‚cvKvi aŸsmve‡kl| hÎZÎÑ
†hLv‡b †mLv‡b; me RvqMvq| iæ Íg †kL ... GLb †cvKvi `L‡jÑ iæ Íg †kL bv‡gi GK wiK&kvIqvjv whwb hy‡×
kwn` n‡q‡Qb; g„Z Ae ’v †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q Ôhvi myL`yL GLb †cvKvi `L‡jÕ| wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj
nwi`vmxiÑ nwi`vmx weaev n‡jv| mbvZb a‡g©i †g‡q‡`i we‡qi ci wmuw_‡Z wmu`yi cwi‡q †`Iqv nq| Zvi ¯vgx gviv
†M‡j †mB wmu`yi gy‡Q †djv nq| ¯vaxbZv hy‡× Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Ggb A‡bK nwi`vmxi ¯vgx gyw³hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q
kwn` n‡q‡Qb| nwi`vmxi ¯vgxI kwn` n‡q‡QbÑ G welqwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ evK¨wU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
mvims‡ÿc :
¯vaxbZv gvby‡li cig PvIqv| gvbyl wewPÎ Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ _v‡K| wewPÎ †kÖwY-†ckv-ag©-eY© Zv‡`i| wKš‘
¯vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †f` †bB| hvi hvi Ae ’vb †_‡K ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ gvbyl Z¨vM ¯xKvi K‡i‡Q|
nvbv`vi cvwK Ívwb evwnbx wbwe©Pvi nZ¨vhÁ Pvwj‡q‡Q, cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q kni I MÖv‡gi †jvKvjq| wKš‘ mewKQz
nvwi‡qI evsjvi gvbyl Avkv Qv‡owb| ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi GKw`‡K wQj wemR©b, Ab¨w`‡K m¤§yL-hy‡×i mvnm Avi
exiZ¡| eû wewPÎ gvby‡li bvbvgyLx AskMÖn‡Y AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †Mj Kvi?
K. mwKbv wewei L. nwi`vwmi
M. Avwgbv wewei N. wbg©jv `vwmi
2. mbvZb a‡g© wmuw_i wmu`yi gy‡Q †djv nq †h Kvi‡YÑ
K. ¯vgx mgy`ª cvwo w`‡j L. ¯vgx we‡`k †M‡j
M. ¯^vgx hy‡× †M‡j N. ¯vgx gviv †M‡j
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ajf¨ R‡qi †jv‡f R¡vjvq kni, MÖv‡g MÖv‡g
cÖvPxb msnwZ †f‡½ fMœ ¯Í~‡c `~‡ii DjøyK|
KweZvÑ180 SSC-1651
3. DÏxcKwU †Kvb KweZvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
K. mvnmx Rbbx L. cÖvY
M. †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨,†n ¯vaxbZv N. Rxebm½xZ
4. DÏxc‡Ki PiYØq wb‡Pi †Kvb cO&w³wUi DcRxe¨?
i. †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯vaxbZv
ii. Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j QvB n‡jv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg
iii. nvwÇmvi GK Abv_ wK‡kvi k~b¨ _vjv nv‡Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i, ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU kvgmyi ivngv‡bi †Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍf©y³?
K. †iŠ`ª K‡ivwU‡Z L.e›`x wkwei †_‡K
M. evsjv‡`k ¯cœ †`‡L N. nwi‡Yi nvo
6. ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ¯^vaxbZv,
AeyS wkï nvgv¸wo w`j wcZv-gvZvi jv‡ki Dci|Õ PiYwU‡Z i‡q‡QÑ
K. A‡eva wkïi Avb›` L. MYAv‡›`vj‡bi iƒc
M. wkïi we‡`ªvn N. ¯vaxbZvi ¯cœ
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
R¡‡j-cy‡o-g‡i QviLvi
Zey gv_v †bvqvevi bq|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ wgj i‡q‡Q Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZviÑ
i. kÖwgK †kÖwYi ii. ¯vaxbZv we‡ivax‡`i iii. Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
8. DÏxcK I Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, ‡n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvwUi mv`„‡k¨i g~‡j i‡q‡QÑ
K. †`kvZ¥‡eva L. mvnwmKZv
M. wbcxob N. aŸsmhÁ
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
†Zvgv‡K Awfev`b, evsjv‡`k,
Zzwg wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi jvj m~h© AuvKv cZvKvi †fZ‡i
hvi Av‡jvq GLb iwÄZ n‡q D‡V‡Q mvnmx eØxc,
†Zvgv‡K Awfev`b, evsjv‡`k
Zzwg wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi Abvnvix wkïwUi Kv‡Q
wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi cøve‡bi †Kvgj cwjgvwU‡Z
hvi gy‡Vvi †fZ‡i GLb GKwU av‡bi exR ;
K. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q?
L. ÔAvi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq|Õ ÑeywS‡q ejyb|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ181
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi wgj i‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
N. DÏxcKwU‡Z Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨ †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi g~jfvewU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q wK? ÑDˇii
mc‡ÿ ev wec‡ÿ hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ bvgK KweZvwU Ôkvgmyi ivngv‡bi †kÖô KweZvÕ kxl©K Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K
†bIqv n‡q‡Q|
L. evsjvi gvbyl‡K ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ c„w_exi ey‡K A‡bKevi i³ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q|
¯vaxbZv gvby‡li Rb¥MZ AwaKvi| GB AwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvbyl 1971 mv‡j cvwK Ív‡bi weiæ‡×
gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| cvwK Ívwb evwnbx G‡`‡k QvÎvevm¸‡jv‡Z AvµgY K‡i| wbg©gfv‡e MYnZ¨v Pvjvq|
cywo‡q †`q †`‡ki kni I MÖv‡gi †jvKvjq| m¤£g nvivq A‡bK bvix| hy‡× AvZ¥Z¨vM K‡i A‡bK bvix I
cyiæl| i‡³i MÜ mviv‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| ZeyI gv_v bZ K‡iwb evOvwj| evi evi G‡`k AZ¨vPvixi AZ¨vPv‡i
i³M½vq †f‡m‡Q| G Kvi‡YB Kwe e‡j‡QbÑ ÔAvi KZevi fvm‡Z n‡e i³M½vq?Õ
M. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †kl Ask †hLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi wbðqZvi K_v i‡q‡Q
†m As‡ki m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki wgj i‡q‡Q|
evOvwj RvwZi †kÖô AR©b 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy×| A‡bK i‡³i wewbg‡q evOvwji ¯vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|
Gi Rb¨ evOvwj‡K cvwK Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi weiæ‡× jo‡Z n‡q‡Q bq gvm| ¯vaxbZvi i³ÿqx hy‡× G‡`‡ki
jv‡Lv gvbyl‡K AvZ¥vûwZ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| wbh©vwZZ I weaev n‡Z n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ bvix‡K| aŸsm n‡q‡Q AR¯ª
Rbc`| DRvo n‡q‡Q A‡bK ew Í I QvÎvevm| Avi Gi wewbg‡q Avgiv †c‡qwQ ¯vaxbZvi i³jvj cZvKv|
DÏxc‡K ¯vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvcU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Kwe GLv‡b bZzb evsjv‡`k‡K ¯vMZ Rvwb‡q‡Qb|
Kwe e‡j‡Qb,ÔZzwg wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi jvj m~h© AvuKv cZvKvi †fZ‡i, wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi Abvnvix wkïwUi
Kv‡Q, wd‡i G‡mQ †Zvgvi cøve‡bi †Kvgj cwjgvwU‡Z|Õ e ‘Z wd‡i Avmv ej‡Z gyw³hy× †_‡K wd‡i Avmv‡KB
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K KweZvq †`L‡Z cvB hy‡×i mgq A‡bK i³M½v eB‡q Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv G‡m‡Q|
wcZv-gvZvi jv‡ki Dci nvgv¸wo w`‡q‡Q A‡bK AeyS wkï| m¤¢ªg nvwi‡q‡Q A‡bK bvix| wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K
DrmM© K‡i‡Q wewfbœ †kÖwY-‡ckvi gvbyl| A‡bK Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q DÏxc‡Ki cZvKvi g‡Zv jvj cZvKv Dwo‡q
AwR©Z n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv| ejv hvq, Gfv‡e ¯vaxbZvi AvKv•ÿvi welqwU‡Z DÏxc‡Ki m‡½
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨,‡n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi wgj i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxcKwU‡Z Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi g~j fvewU cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
¯vaxbZv gvby‡li Rb¥MZ AwaKvi| G AwaKvi Abyf‡eiI e‡U| wKš‘ cvwK Ívwbiv evOvwj RvwZi G AwaKvi
niY K‡iwQj| GB ¯vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avcvgi evOvwj 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| cvwK Ívwb evwnbx
G‡`‡k MYnZ¨v Pvjvq| cywo‡q †`q MÖvg I kn‡ii AR ª †jvKvjq| A‡bK Z¨vM-wZwZÿv Ges i³M½vi
wewbg‡q Ae‡k‡l ¯vaxbZv AwR©Z nq| evsjvi AvKv‡k I‡V ¯vaxbZvi jvj m~h©|
DÏxc‡K m`¨ ¯vaxb evsjv‡`k‡K Awfev`b Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe GLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv
cÖvwßi Av‡eM‡K mvejxj fvlvq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Kwei ¯‡cœi ¯vaxbZv wd‡i G‡m‡Q evsjvi †Kvgj cwjgvwU‡Z,
Abvnvix wkïwUi Kv‡Q| DÏxcKwU‡Z hy‡×i †Kv‡bv eY©bv †`Iqv nqwb| GQvov evOvwj RvwZi gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K©
mg¨K aviYv cvIqv hvq bv DÏxc‡K| Ab¨w`‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i Aven‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| evOvwji gnvb gyw³hy× we¯Í…Z cwim‡i dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j
evOvwji i‡³ i³M½v eB‡q †`q cvK‡mbviv| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ A‡bK bvix m¤£g nvwi‡q‡Qb, A‡bK
beRvZK nvwi‡q‡Q gv-evev‡K| AvZ©bv` K‡i‡Q KzKziI| gyw³hy‡× evsjvi kÖwgK, K…lK, †R‡j cÖgyL mvaviY
KweZvÑ182 SSC-1651
gvbylI AvZ¥Z¨vM K‡i| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ gyw³hy‡×i wPÎvqb i‡q‡Q
KweZvwU‡Z|
DÏxc‡K ¯vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡Ui K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b bZzb ¯vaxb evsjv‡`k‡K Awfev`b
Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖm½Z gyw³hy‡×i K_v ewY©Z nq wb| Avi Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvwU‡Z
Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i c~e©vci cÖm½mn gyw³hy‡×i GKwU wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi
R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvwUi g~j fve DÏxc‡K dz‡U I‡Vwb| AvswkK wP·K aviY K‡i‡Q gvÎ|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj Ask :
¯vaxbZv Zzwg
iwe VvKz‡ii ARi KweZv,Awebvkx Mvb|
¯vaxbZv Zzwg
KvRx bRiæ‡ji SuvKov Pz‡ji evewi †`vjv‡bv
gnvb cyiæl, m„wó my‡Li Djøv‡m KuvcvÑ
K. kvnevRcy‡ii K…l‡Ki bvg Kx?
L. Ô†Zvgv‡K Avm‡ZB n‡e, †n ¯vaxbZv|Õ ÑDw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki yb|
M. DÏxcK I Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvi ˆemv`„k¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki yb|
N. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZvÕ KweZvq i‡q‡Q ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zxeª AvKv•ÿv Avi DÏxc‡K
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi Abvwej Avb›`|Õ ÑgšÍe¨wU wePvi Kiæb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. L 2. N 3. M 4. L 5. L 6. N 7. M 8. K
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi I‡cb ¯‹zj cwiPvwjZ GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv_x©eÜz‡`i Rb¨
evsjv wel‡qi AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b wewUwf/esjv‡`k †eZvi KZ…©K mßv‡ni wbw`©ó
w`‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
wkÿv_x©eÜziv, Avcbviv ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i wbw`©ó w`‡bi wbw`©ó
mg‡q cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgwU †`L‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j Avkv KiwQ| AwWI/wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv
†evSvi myweav‡_© eBwU mvg‡b wb‡q emyb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸wj †bvU Kivi Rb¨ KvMR, Kjg
mv‡_ ivLyb| †Kv‡bv welq eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mnvqZv wbb|
AwWI/wfwWI
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ183
muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq 1934 mv‡ji 7 †m‡Þ¤^i gv`vwicyi †Rjvi gvBScvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Kvjxc`
M‡½vcva¨vq wQ‡jb GKRb ¯‹zjwkÿK, gvZv gxiv M‡½vcva¨vq| gvÎ Pvi eQi eq‡m wZwb KjKvZvq P‡j Av‡mb|
wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K œvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 1953 mv‡j ÔK „wËevmÕ bvgK KweZv cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki
gva¨‡g wZwb ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i Kwe‡`i `„wó Kv‡ob| wZwb GKvav‡i wQ‡jb Kwe, Jcb¨vwmK, †QvUMíKvi, mvsevw`K I
wbeÜKvi| Z‡e †ckvMZ w`K †_‡K wZwb wQ‡jb mvsevw`K| wZwb AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi Rxebvb›`-cieZ©x ch©v‡qi
Ab¨Zg cÖavb Kwe| GKBm‡½ wZwb AvaywbK I †ivgvw›UK Kwe| KweZv I K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †h fzeb wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb
†mLv‡b Avgv‡`i BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ I gvbexq †cÖ‡gi GK Amvgvb¨ RMr ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| wZwb Ôbxj‡jvwnZÕ,
ÔmbvZb cvVKÕ I Ôbxj Dcva¨vqÕ cÖf…wZ QÙbv‡g wj‡L‡Qb| mewgwj‡q wZwb `yBkÕi †ewk MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
mvwnZ¨K‡g©i ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb mvwnZ¨ AvKv‡`wg cyi¯‹vi, ew¼g cyi¯‹vi, Avb›` cyi¯‹vimn wewfbœ m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ
nb| mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq 2012 mv‡ji 23 A‡±vei KjKvZvq wbR evwo‡Z g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : GK Ges K‡qKRb, Avgvi ¯cœ, RvMiY †ngeY©, uvovI my›`i, gb fv‡jv †bB, ¯M©bMixi
Pvwe, ¯§„wZi kni, nVvr bxivi Rb¨, ivwÎi iu‡`f~;
Dcb¨vm : Ai‡Y¨i w`bivwÎ, AvZ¥cªKvk, cÖwZØ›Øx, †mB mgq, c~e©-cwðg, cÖ_g Av‡jv;
wkïmvwnZ¨ : KvKvevey-mš ‘|
mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi ÔivwÎi iu‡`fzÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvwU Ômybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi †kÖô KweZvÕ MÖš’
†_‡K m¤úv`bv K‡i msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rxe‡b ˆkk‡ei gayi ¯§„wZ I eÜz‡Z¡i Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qB †jLK
Zuvi GB KweZvwU iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †`k wefv‡M †jLK Zuvi eÜzi KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q co‡jI Zuvi g‡b †h G
†`‡ki cÖwZ Ges †`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv ZvB wZwb G KweZvwU‡Z Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
MÖvg-evsjvi g‡bvig cwi‡e‡ki weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
wn› y-gymjgv‡bi wgwjZ Rxe‡bi †mŠ›`h© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
†`kfv‡Mi Kvi‡Y wew”Qbœ gvby‡li †e`bvi ¯iƒc we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
KweZvÑ184 SSC-1651
g‡b c‡o †mB mycywi Mv‡Qi mvwi
Zvi cv‡k g„ y †R¨vrmœv gvLv‡bv MÖvg
gvwUi †`qv‡j Muv_v Avgv‡`i evwo
†QvU †QvU my‡L wmœ» gb¯‹vg|
cowk b`xwU aby‡Ki g‡Zv euvKv
Diæ †Wvev R‡j mvivw`b LybïwU
euv‡ki muv‡KvwU wkï wkíxi AuvKv
†njv‡bv e‡Ui Wv‡j †`vj Lvq QzwU|
Gcv‡i Icv‡i wXj Quy‡o WvKvWvwK
Iw`‡Ki MÖv‡g †ivÏyi wKQz †ewk
Qvqv †Vuv‡U wb‡q D‡o hvq KÕwU cvwL
fiv †bŠKvq Mvb Mvq wfb‡`wk|
Avgvi eÜz AvRv‡bi my‡i Rv‡M
Avgvi `yÕ‡Pv‡L ZL‡bv ¯cœjZv
†fv‡ii Kzmyg Icv‡i dz‡U‡Q Av‡M
Gcv‡i wkwki cZ‡bi bxieZv|
Avgvi eÜz eû SMovi mv_x
K_vq K_vq GB fve GB Avwo
gvi Kv‡Q wM‡q cvkvcvwk nvZ cvwZ
Mve Mv‡Q D‡V †m-nv‡ZB KvovKvwo|
Avgvi eÜz `ywbqv`vwii ivRv
wg‡_¨ K_vq RMr mfvq †miv
†`vl bv K‡iI wcV †c‡Z †bq mvRv
Avwg †`wL Zvi mnvm¨ gy‡L †div|
Avgv‡`i QzwU gb e`‡ji †Ljv
Avgv‡`i QzwU Ai‡Y¨ †LuvRvLyuwR
Avgv‡`i QzwU nvwmÑKvbœvi †ejv
Avgv‡`i QzwU Bw½‡Z †evSveywS|
eÜz nviv‡j `ywbqvUv Luv Luv K‡i
†f‡O hvq MÖvg, b`xI ïK‡bv ay ay
†Ljvi e‡qm †c‡iv‡jI GKv N‡i
evi evi †`wL eÜziB gyL ïay|
muv‡KvwUi K_v g‡b Av‡Q, Av‡bvqvi?
GZ wKQz †Mj, muv‡KvwU GL‡bv Av‡Q
Gcvi Icvi ¯§„wZgq GKvKvi
muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q, GB Avwg †Zvi Kv‡Q|
g~jcvV
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ185
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
Bw½ZÑ Bkviv; m‡¼Z| K_vq K_vq GB fve GB AvwoÑ m¤ú‡K©i Ae¯’v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; wbKUR‡bi mv‡_ bvbv
ai‡bi g‡bvgvwjb¨ n‡q _v‡K; K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z nq‡Zv yÕGKwU K_vq G‡K Ac‡ii gv‡S gbgvwjb¨ nq, Awfgvb
K‡i K_v eÜ iv‡L, Avevi m¤úK© ¯vfvweK n‡q hvqÑ G Ae¯’v †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| KzmygÑ dzj| LybmywUÑ K…wÎg
weev`; KcU ivM; iv‡Mi Qj ev Awfgvb| †c‡iv‡jIÑ cvi n‡jI| fiv †bŠKvq Mvb Mvq wfb †`wkÑ b`xi `yÕcv‡oi
gvbyl hv‡`i †P‡b bv †Zgb Kv‡iv †bŠKv wb‡q hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z †`L‡Q| †`L‡Q Zv‡`iB b`x w`‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
GjvKvi ev wfb‡`wk †Kv‡bv gvbyl Zvi fiv †bŠKvq g‡bi Avb‡›` Mvb †M‡q P‡j hv‡”Q| gb¯‹vgÑ g‡bi Avkv;
AvšÍwiK Kvgbv; evmbv| g„`yÑ ÿxY; Aby¾¡j| mnvm¨Ñ nvm¨iZ| muv‡KvÑ †mZz; cyj|
mvims‡ÿc :
b`xi `yB cv‡i w œ» my›`i `ywU MÖvg| gv‡S euv‡ki muv‡Kv| G MÖv‡g wn›`y m¤úª`v‡qi evm| Avi Iw`‡Ki MÖv‡g
gymjgv‡bi| `yB MÖv‡gi `ywU †Q‡j‡Z †eRvq eÜzZ¡| SMov-weev` nq| Avevi wg‡UI hvq| mvivw`b `yR‡b
wg‡jwg‡k _v‡K| GK Mv‡Qi dj fvM K‡i Lvq| myL-`ytL fvMvfvwM K‡i Avb›`gq w`b KvUvq| †`kfvM `yB
eÜzi g‡a¨ we‡”Q` wb‡q Av‡m| G NUbv `yB m¤úª`v‡qi m¤ú‡K©I dvUj aivq| wKš‘ `~‡i †M‡jB g‡bi Uvb †kl
n‡q hvq bv| ¯§„wZi muv‡KvUv gy‡Q hvIqvi bq|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq Kwei eÜzi bvg Kx?
K. Kvgvj L. Av‡bvqvi M. LweiDwÏb N. Avmjvg
2. ÔK_vq K_vq GB fve GB AvwoÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ
K. m¤ú‡K©i DòZv L. m¤úK©nxbZv M. m¤úK© †Q‡o †`Iqv N. m¤úK© Ry‡o †bIqv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Ôevsjvi fvM Kwievi cvwiQ, wKš‘ w`jUv‡i fvM Kievi cv‡iv bvB|Õ
3. DÏxcKwU Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Yi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
i. †f‡O hvq MÖvg, b`xI ïK‡bv ayay ii. Avgv‡`i QzwU gb e`‡ji †Ljv
iii. GZ wKQ z †Mj, muv‡KvwU GL‡bv Av‡Q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
4. DÏxcK Ges Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq †h welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
K. ¯§„wZ L. †`kfvM M. eÜzZ¡ N. ms¯‹…wZ
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq Kwei eÜz Kx‡mi ivRv?
K. ¯‡M©i ivRv L. g‡Z¨©i ivRv M. `ywbqv`vixi ivRv N. cvZv‡ji ivRv
6. eÜzZ¡ nviv‡j `ywbqvUv †hgb nqÑ
K. Avb‡›` f‡i I‡V L. welv‡` f‡i I‡V M. Luv Luv K‡i I‡V N. †Kvjvn‡j f‡i I‡V
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co yb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
†UvKv w`‡j S‡i co‡e cyi‡bv ay‡jv
†Pv‡Li †KvYvq Rgv GK‡duvUv Rj|
KweZvÑ186 SSC-1651
7. DÏxc‡K Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?
K. wein L. AvZ¥wb‡e`b M. ¯§„wZ N. we¯§„wZ
8. DÏxc‡Ki Abyfe Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi †h Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
K. Avgv‡`i QzwU Bw½‡Z †evSveywS| L. Avwg †`wL Zvi mnvm¨ gy‡L †div
M. †Ljvi eqm †c‡iv‡jI GKv N‡i N. Gcvi Icvi ¯§„wZgq GKvKvi
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
A‡bK w`b g„Zz¨Ä‡qi †`Lv bvB| GKw`b †kvbv †Mj †m gi-gi| Avi GKw`b †kvbv †Mj, gv‡jvcvovi GK eyov
gv‡jv Zvnvi wPwKrmv Kwiqv Ges Zvnvi †g‡q wejvmx †mev Kwiqv g„Zz¨Äq‡K h‡gi gyL nB‡Z G hvÎv wdivBqv
Avwbqv‡Q| A‡bK w`b Zvnvi wgóv‡bœi mبq KwiqvwQÑ gbUv †Kgb Kwi‡Z jvwMj, GKw`b mܨvi AÜKv‡i jyKvBqv
Zvnv‡K †`wL‡Z †Mjvg| Zvnvi †cv‡ovevwo‡Z cÖvPx‡ii evjvB bvB| ¯”Q‡›` wfZ‡i XzwKqv †`wL, N‡ii `iRv †Lvjv,
†ek D¾¡j, GKwU cÖ`xc R¡wj‡Z‡Q, Avi wVK mygy‡LB Z³‡cv‡li Dci cwi®‹vi aea‡e weQvbvq g„Zz¨Äq ïBqv
Av‡Q, Zvnvi K¼vjmvi †`‡ni cÖwZ Pvwn‡jB eySv hvq, ev¯ÍweK hgivR †Póvi ÎæwU wKQz K‡ib bvB, Z‡e †kl ch©šÍ
myweav Kwiqv DwV‡Z cv‡ib bvB|
K. mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvi bvg Kx?
L. ÔLybmywUÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M. DÏxcKwU Ômuv‡KvwU `yj‡QÕ KweZvi †Kvb wel‡qi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©? ÑAv‡jvPbv Ki yb|
N. Òwew”QbœZv bq, gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li fv‡jvevmvi m¤úK©B †gŠwjK|Ó ÑDÏxcK I Ômuv‡KvwU yj‡QÕ
KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Kwe mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvi bvg n‡”Q ÔK„wËevmÕ|
L. ÔLybmywUÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q KcU ivM ev Awfgvb‡K|
gvby‡li Rxebµ‡gi cÖv_wgK ch©vq n‡”Q ˆkke| ‰kk‡e †Ljvi A‡bK m½x-mv_x _v‡K| Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ
KweZvq Kwei †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz Av‡bvqvi| Kwei m‡½B Zvi †evSvcov| Kwe †hLv‡b eo n‡q‡Qb †mLv‡b evwoi
cv‡kB aby‡Ki g‡Zv euvKv GKwU b`x Av‡Q| †mLv‡b Kwe I Zvi eÜz Av‡bvqvi mvivw`b †Ljv Ki‡Zb| b`xi
R‡j Diæ Wzwe‡q Zv‡`i Avb›` nZ| GiB g‡a¨ Zv‡`i SMov nZ| Zviv K…wÎg weev‡` wjß n‡Zb| ÿwYK
mg‡qi e¨eav‡b Zv‡`i Avevi wgj n‡q †hZ| eÜz‡Z¡i g‡a¨ KcU ivM ev iv‡Mi Qjbv‡K Kwe ÔLybmywUÕ e‡j
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
M. eÜzi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I mngwg©Zvi welqwU‡Z DÏxcK Ges Ômvu‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| mgv‡R †m GKvKx evm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zvi eÜz‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb nq|eÜz‡Z¡i eÜb
ü`‡qi cÖvY cÖevn| ü`‡qi Uvb, ggZ¡‡eva, e¨³-Ae¨³ fve cÖKv‡ki GKUv ejq n‡”Q eÜz‡Z¡i eÜb| eÜzZ¡
Abyf‡ei I Dcjwäi welq| eÜziv GKm‡½ wgwjZ nq cÖv‡Yi Uv‡b, cÖv‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b|
DÏxc‡K †`wL g„Zy¨Ä‡qi GK eÜz DÏxc‡Ki K_K Zvi Amy ’Zvi Lei †c‡q †LuvR wb‡Z Av‡m| DÏxc‡Ki
K_K G‡m †`‡L Zvi eÜz g„Zz¨Äq mvcy‡oi †g‡q wejvmxi AvkÖ‡q i‡q‡Q| g„Zz¨Äq n‡”Q Kvq ’ N‡ii mšÍvb Avi
wejvmx wbPz N‡ii †g‡q| mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y wejvmx Ges g„Zz¨Ä‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv m¤úK© ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j
DÏxc‡Ki K_K‡K mܨvi AÜKv‡i jywK‡q g„Zz¨Äq‡K †`L‡Z Avm‡Z nq| MíK_K eÜz‡Z¡i Pig civKvôv
†`wL‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK †Kv‡bv evav ev ag©xq †Kv‡bv cªwZeÜKZv eÜz‡Z¡i m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î cÖvPxi Zz‡j `uvov‡Z
cv‡iwb| Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq KweÕi w`b Kv‡U eÜz Av‡bvqv‡ii m‡½| eÜzi m‡½ KweÕi GB Avwo Avevi
GB fve| `yR‡bB cÖkÖq cvq gv‡qi Kv‡Q| Gfv‡eB nq‡Zv w`b †K‡U †h‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‘ 1947 mv‡j fviZ
wefvM n‡j `yÕeÜz `yR‡bi wbKU †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o| Kwe mn‡R f yj‡Z cv‡ibwb Zvi eÜz Av‡bvqvi‡K| eo
n‡q ZvB eÜz Av‡bvqv‡ii K_v g‡b c‡o| DÏxc‡Ki K_K mgv‡Ri †eovRvj wWw½‡q iv‡Zi Auvav‡i eÜz
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ187
g„Zz¨Äq‡K †`L‡Z G‡m‡Q| Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvqI eÜz eÜzi Rb¨ `ytmn I gg©vwšÍK cxo‡b fz‡M‡Q|
Dfq‡ÿ‡ÎB eÜzi Rb¨ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, eÜzi Rb¨ fv‡jvevmv cÖKv‡ki
welqwU‡Z DÏxcK I Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxcK Ges Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li fv‡jvevmvi †gŠwjK w`KwUB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
eÜz‡Z¡i m¤úK© eoB gayi| G m¤ú‡K© ü`‡qi AbvwejZv _v‡K| AšÍ‡ii Uvb _v‡K `ye©vi| eÜz mngg©x I
ü`q¯úk©x| G m¤ú‡K© ag©, †MvÎ, eY© I RvZxqZvi †Kv‡bv evjvB _v‡K bv| †Kv‡bv evavi †`qvjB eÜz‡Zi¡
w`jUv‡K fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| eÜz‡`i g‡a¨ KL‡bv Avwo nq| Avevi P‡j gb e`‡ji †Ljv| KL‡bv †`Lv hvq
Avb‡›`i cÖvYcÖevn, Avevi KL‡bv Kvbœvi †fjv| we‡kl K‡i ‰kk‡ei eÜzZ¡ eo ¯§„wZgq| ‰kk‡ei eÜz‡`i K_v
KL‡bv †fvjv hvq bv| GKK_vq ejv hvq gvby‡li Rxe‡b eÜz‡Zi¡ m¤úK© iƒc-im I Avb‡›` ficyi|
DÏxc‡K MíK_K Zvi eÜz g„Zz¨Ä‡qi K_v e‡j‡Q| †m †QvU‡ejvq g„Zz¨Ä‡qi wgwói mبenvi K‡i‡Q| eÜzi cÖwZ
Zvi K…ZÁZv‡eva i‡q‡Q| mgv‡Ri wbg©gZvi Kvi‡Y †m cÖKv‡k¨ eÜz‡K †`L‡Z †h‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e mܨvi
AÜKv‡i wVKB g„Zz¨Ä‡qi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î mgvR wKsev ag© Zv‡`i eÜz‡Z¡i m¤ú‡K© evav n‡q
`uvov‡Z cv‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq AviI gg©¯úkx© iƒ‡c eÜy‡Z¡i wein †e`bv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
KweZvwU‡Z Kwe Ges Zvi eÜz Av‡bvqvi eÜze„‡Ëi g‡a¨ emevm K‡iB Avb‡›`i ˆkke KvUvw”Q‡jb| wKš‘ †Mvj
euvavq 1947 mv‡ji †`kwefvM| `yÕeÜz `yR‡bi wbKU †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡ob| eo `ytmn G ¯§„wZ, eo
gg©vwšÍK| eo n‡q ZvB Kwei g‡b c‡o Zvi eÜzi K_v| g‡b c‡o evwoi cv‡ki b`xi Dci †mZzwUi K_v| Kwe
e‡jb,ÔGcvi Icvi ¯§„wZgq GKvKvi muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q, GB Avwg †Zvi Kv‡Q|Õ Zuvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡q‡Q muv‡KvwU
†hb GL‡bv Kwe I Zvi eÜz Av‡bvqv‡ii eÜz‡Z¡i cÖZxK n‡q AvRI `yj‡Q| Gfv‡eB Kwei fv‡jvevmv cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q Zvi eÜzi cÖwZ| DÏxc‡K hw`I †cÖÿvcUwU wfbœ Z_vwc †mLv‡bI g„Zzćqi cÖwZ MíK_‡Ki AMva
fv‡jvevmv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| eÜz‡Z¡i eÜb wPišÍb| †Kv‡bv evavB eÜz‡Z¡i m¤ú‡K© dvUj aiv‡Z cv‡i bv|
Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq Ômuv‡KvÕwU Ggb GK eÜy‡Z¡i cÖZxK n‡q Av‡Q| Kwei Kv‡Q g‡b nq †mB muv‡KvwU †hb
GL‡bv `yj‡Q| GB muv‡KvwUB †hb wgwj‡q w`‡Z PvB‡Q ˆkk‡ei `yB eÜz‡K| hw`I ev¯Í‡e GiKg NUbv NUvi
m¤¢vebv †bB| DÏxc‡KI †`Lv hvq g„Zz¨Ä‡qi eÜz AšÍ‡ii nvZQvwb‡Z mvov w`‡q‡Q| eÜzi wec‡`i mgq mܨvi
AÜKv‡i g„Zz¨Ä‡qi wbKU Dcw ’Z n‡q‡Q| mgvR, ag© wKsev bxwZ‡eva eÜz‡Z¡i gvbweK m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv
cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| DÏxc‡K wKQzUv wfbœZv _vK‡jI ZvB Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZv Ges DÏxc‡Ki
Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq Ôwew”QbœZv bq, gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li fv‡jvevmvi m¤úK©B †gŠwjKÕ gšÍe¨wU h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
A‡bK w`b c‡i KivwP‡Z kwn` †mvnivIqvw`© hLb †ivM kh¨vq kvwqZ ZLb w`jxc Kzgv‡ii GKwU wPwV wZwb
†c‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi Aby‡iv‡a wPwVUv Ly‡j Avwg Zv‡K c‡o ïwb‡qwQjvg| w`jxc Kzgvi †mB wPwV‡Z kwn‡`i Amy ’Zvi
msev‡` e¨vw_Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †m K_v wj‡LwQ‡jb Ges Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h wZwb Zvi Rb¨ wKQz Ki‡Z cv‡ib wK
bv| wPwVi cvV †kl n‡j Avwg jÿ Kijvg †h kwn` †mvnivIqvw`©i †PvL w`‡q cvwb Mwo‡q co‡Q|
K Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvq Kwe I Zvi eÜz †Kvb Mv‡Q DV‡Zb?
L. Ôevi evi †`wL eÜziB gyL ïay|Õ ÑeywS‡q wjL yb|
M. DÏxcK I Ômuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi ‰emv`„k¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki yb|
N Òmuv‡KvUv `yj‡QÕ KweZvi eÜzi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv DÏxc‡KI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ó Ñwe‡kølY Ki yb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. L 2. K 3. M 4. K 5. M 6. M 7. M 8. N
KweZvÑ188 SSC-1651
Avgvi cwiPq
ˆmq` kvgmyj nK
ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 1935 mv‡ji 27 wW‡m¤i KzwoMÖvg kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Wv. ˆmq` wmwÏK nymvBb
Ges gv ˆmq`v nvwjgv LvZzb| wZwb 1950 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i m‡½ g¨vwUªK cvk K‡ib Ges GK eQi weiwZ w`‡q RMbœv_
K‡j‡R fwZ© nb I †mLvb †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU cvk K‡ib| 1954 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Bs‡iwR wefv‡M
fwZ© n‡q wKQzw`b covïbv K‡ib wKš‘ Zv †kl K‡ibwb| †mB †_‡K wZwb †jLv‡jwL‡K GKgvÎ eªZ wn‡m‡e †e‡Q
wb‡q‡Qb| mvsevw`KZvi m‡½ wZwb wKQyw`b hy³ wQ‡jb| Kwe, MíKvi, Jcb¨vwmK, bvU¨Kvi, wPÎbvU¨‡jLK Ges
Av‡iv wewPÎ mvwnZ¨-wkíavivi KxwZ©gvb ªóv wZwb| me¨mvPx †jLK wn‡m‡e wZwb AwaK cwiwPZ| Aweivg wewPÎZvi
c‡_ Pjgvb GB Kwe I †jL‡Ki m„wó‡Z D‡V G‡m‡Q bvbv welq| gvÎ 29 eQi eq‡m wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi
cvb| GQvovI wZwb GKz‡k c`K, ¯vaxbZv c`K, AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, bvwmiæwÏb ¯Y©c`Kmn wewfbœ c yi¯‹vi I
m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ nb| ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 2016 mv‡ji 27 †m‡Þ¤i XvKvi GKwU nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : GK`v GK iv‡R¨, weiwZnxb Drme, ˆekv‡L iwPZ cO&w³gvjv, civ‡Yi Mnxb wfZi, AwMœ I
R‡ji KweZv, Avwg Rb¥MÖnY Kwiwb, ivR‰bwZK KweZv;
Dcb¨vm : GK gwnjvi Qwe, mxgvbv Qvwo‡q, †Ljvivg †L‡j hv, i³‡Mvjvc, wbwl× †jvevb, bxj `skb;
bvUK : cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq, b~ij`x‡bi mvivRxeb, GLv‡b GLb, Cl©v|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvwU ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki ÔwK‡kvi KweZv mgMÖÕ †_‡K m¤úvw`Z AvKv‡i Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvZ¥gh©v`v‡eva m¤úbœ ¯vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZmËv MV‡bi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q mg„× BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I
ms¯‹…wZi cUf‚wg| KweZvwUi gva¨‡g †jLK evOvwj RvwZi eZ©gvb Ae ’vi †cQ‡bi ewY©j BwZnv‡mi K_v Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| BwZnv‡mi avivevwnK weeZ©‡b evOvwj RvwZ †mB my`xN© msMÖvgx BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq Ges
K…wZ mšÍvb‡`i †hb fz‡j bv hvq †mB kÖ×v †eva †_‡KB wZwb KweZvwU iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi BwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb¸‡jvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK I †f`wePvinxb Aw ͇Z¡i Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ189
Avwg R‡b¥wQ evsjvq, Avwg evsjvq K_v ewj,
Avwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pwj|
Pwj cwjgvwU †Kvg‡j Avgvi Pjvi wPý †d‡j|
†Z‡ivkZ b`x ïavq Avgv‡K, Ô†Kv_v †_‡K Zzwg G‡j?Õ
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡`i Aÿi¸‡jv †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eni †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ˆKe‡Z©i we‡`ªvnx MÖvg †_‡K|
Avwg †Z G‡mwQ cvjhyM bv‡g wPÎKjvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj †Rvoevsjvi gw›`i-†ew` †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbv gmwR` †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj AvDj-evDj gvwUi †`Dj †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ mve©‡fŠg ev‡iv f~uBqvi †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ ÔKgjvi `xwNÕ, Ôgûqvi cvjvÕ †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ wZZzgxi Avi nvRx kwiqZ †_‡K|
Avwg †Zv G‡mwQ MxZvÄwj I AwMœ-exYvi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj ÿ zw`ivg Avi m~h© †m‡bi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj Rqbyj Avi Aeb VvKzi †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi †_‡K|
Avwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K|
Avwg †h G‡mwQ GKvˇii gyw³hy× †_‡K|
G‡mwQ Avgvi †cQ‡b nvRvi PiYwPý †d‡j|
ïavI Avgv‡K ÔGZ`~i Zzwg †Kvb †cÖiYvq G‡j?Õ
Z‡e Zzwg eywS evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU †kvb bvB Ñ
Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ
GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP, AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKeB Ñ
me we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡g¨i Qwe AuvKeB|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
AwMœ-exYvÑ RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’|
Aeb VvKziÑ Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1871Ñ1951 wLª.) KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; wZwb
weL¨vZ wPÎwkíx; Z‡e wkïmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI wZwb AmvaviY cÖwZfvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Avjc_Ñ Rwgi mxgvbvi
c_; GLv‡b nvRvi eQi a‡i evOvwj RvwZi c_ Pjvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Kgjvi `xwNÑ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU
cvjv|
ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvnÑ AvbygvwbK 100-75 wLª÷v‡ã gnxcv‡ji weiæ‡× AbšÍ-mvgšÍ-Pµ wgwjZ n‡q †h we‡`ªvn K‡ib Zv-B
Avgv‡`i BwZnv‡m ˆKeZ© we‡`ªvn bv‡g L¨vZ; GB we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv wQ‡jb ˆKeZ© m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK; Zuvi bvg w`e¨ ev
w`‡e¦vK; evOvwj RvwZi we‡`ªv‡ni HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB we‡`ªv‡ni D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ190 SSC-1651
ÿzw`ivgÑ ÿzw`ivg emy (1889-1908 wLª.) †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi †gŠewb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; ˆkke †_‡KB weªwUk
we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb; AZ¨vPvix g¨vwR‡÷ªU wKsm‡dvW©‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q fzjekZ `yBRb
Bs‡iR gwnjv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib; 1908 mv‡ji 11B AvM÷ GB gnvb wec−exi duvwmi Av‡`k Kvh©Ki nq|
PiYwPýÑ c` wPý, cv‡qi Qvc| Ph©vc`Ñ evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨-HwZ‡n¨i cÖ_g wb`k©b; nicÖmv` kv ¿x †bcvj †_‡K
Ph©vc‡`i cvÐzwjwc D×vi K‡ib; QqkZ kZvãx †_‡K GMvik kZ‡Ki g‡a¨ c`¸‡jv iwPZ n‡q‡Q; GB c`¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ cÖvPxb evsjvi AwZ mvaviY gvby‡li cÖvYgq Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wPÎKjvÑ Qwe AuvKvi we`¨v, c·jLv,
bKkv| RqbyjÑ Rqbyj Av‡ew`b (1914-1976 wLª.) wK‡kviM‡Äi †K›`yqv _vbvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; ÔwkívPvh©Õ wn‡m‡e
wZwb L¨vZ; †`kR BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZi cUf~wg‡Z Zuvi wecyj wkíKg© iwPZ; `ywf©ÿ ZvwoZ Rxeb I RM‡Zi
Qwe Gu‡K wZwb Amvgvb¨ GK Rxeb-Z…òvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb; evsjv‡`‡k wkíKjv Av‡›`vj‡bi wZwb cw_K…r|
RqevsjvÑ gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q RvZxq † øvMvb wn‡m‡e AmvaviY GK †cÖiYv mÂvix kãgvjv; GB † øvMvb HK¨ I
msnwZi cÖZxK|
wZZzgxiÑ PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi nvq`icyi MÖv‡g 1782 mv‡j gxi wbmvi Avjx Ii‡d wZZzgxi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; wZwb
AZ¨vPvix Bs‡iRx I wn›`y Rwg`vi‡`i weiæ‡× `xN©w`b msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb; 1831 mv‡ji 19†k b‡f¤^i Bs‡iR evwnbxi
m‡½ jovB K‡i wZwb kwn` nb| †`DjÑ †`evjq|
cvjhyMÑ 750 wLªóv‡ã †Mvcv‡ji ivR¨ kvm‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e‡½ cvjhy‡Mi m~Pbv nq; Zvici PvikZ eQi cvj es‡ki
ivRZ¡ wU‡K wQj; G mgq wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i Amvgvb¨ weKvk mvwaZ nq; wPÎKjvqI GB mg‡qi mg„w× jÿ‡hvM¨; Kwe
Avgv‡`i wk‡íi mg„× HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenviÑ eZ©gvb bIMuv †Rjvi e`jMvwQ _vbvq cvnvocyi MÖv‡g GB cÖvPxb wenvi Aew ’Z; 1879
mv‡j m¨vi Kvwbsnvg GB wekvj KxwZ© Avwe®‹vi K‡ib; wØZxq cvj ivRv kÖx ag©cvj‡`e (ivRZ¡Kvj 777-810 wLª.)
GB wekvj wenvi ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb; G‡K †mvgcyi wenviI ejv nq; c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo wenvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GwU
Ab¨Zg; Kwe Avgv‡`i cZœZvwË¡K HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq w`‡Z cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenv‡ii D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvbÑ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb (1920Ñ1975 wLª.) †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib; evOvwj RvwZi wZwb Awemsevw`Z †bZv, RvwZi wcZv; Zuvi we¯§qKi cÖwZfv`xß †bZ…‡Z¡ `xN©
msMÖv‡gi c_ AwZµg K‡i 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯vaxbZvhy‡× Rqjvf K‡i; wZwb Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZvi cÖZxK,
gyw³i cÖZxK, mg„w×i cÖZxK|
e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbvgmwR`Ñ e‡i›`ªf~‡g †mvbvgmwR` ej‡Z PuvcvB beveMÄ †Rjvq Aew ’Z †QvU †mvbvgmwR`‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q; eo †mvbvgmwR` fvi‡Zi †MŠ‡o Aew ’Z; †nv‡mb kv‡ni (ivRZ¡Kvj 1493-1519 wLª.) Avg‡j
GB gmwR`wU wbwg©Z nq; AmvaviY wkí‡mŠ›`h©gwÐZ ’vcZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡e †mvbvgmwR` Ab¨Zg; Kwe Avgv‡`i gymwjg
HwZ‡n¨i mygnvb wb`k©b wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
†ew`Ñ c~Rvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z D”Pf‚wg| gûqvi cvjvÑ ˆggbwmsn MxwZKvi GKwU cvjv| ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_Ñ 1952
mv‡j ivóªfvlv evsjvi AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i‡³ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q XvKvi ivRc_| Avi †mB ivóªfvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡j¨i c_ a‡iB m~wPZ nq ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb| †cÖiYvÑ Drmvn, DÏxcbv, cÖe„wË BZ¨vw`i mÂvi,
cÖej D”Q¡vm| mvg¨Ñ mgZv| MxZvÄwjÑ wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Kve¨MÖš’| mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eniÑ g½jKv‡e¨
Puv` mI`vM‡ii evwY‡R¨i K_v Av‡Q| Kwe Avgv‡`i e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i HwZn¨ †evSv‡Z GB †jvKKvwnbxi AvkÖq MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb|
mve©‡fŠg ev‡iv f~uBqvÑ evsjvq cvVvb Ki&ivbx es‡ki ivRZ¡ `ye©j n‡q co‡j Lyjbv, ewikvj, †mvbviMuvI, gqgbwmsn
I kªxn‡Æ ¯vaxb Rwg`vi‡`i DÌvb N‡U; 1575 mv‡j †gvMj m¤ªvU AvKei evsjv Rq Kivi ci GB ¯vaxb
Rwg`viMY Cmv Luvi †bZ…‡Z¡ HK¨e× n‡q †gvMj kw³i weiæ‡× iæ‡L `uvovb; BwZnv‡m GuivB ev‡ivf~uBqv bv‡g
cwiwPZ; Guiv n‡jb Ckv Luv, Puv` ivq, †K`vi ivq, cÖZvcvw`Z¨, j²Y gvwYK¨ cÖgyL|
m~h© †mbÑ gv÷vi `v m~h© †mb (1893-1934 wLª.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi ivDRvb _vbvi †bvqvcvov MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib;
AvRxeb wZwb weªwUk‡`i weiæ‡× mk ¿ hy‡× wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb; 1930 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖvg‡K Bs‡iRgy³ K‡i ¯vaxbZv
†NvlYv K‡ib; wKš‘ †ewkw`b Zv iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb; 1934 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvwi Zuvi duvwm nq|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ191
nvRx kixqZÑ nvRx kixqZDjøvn (1781-1840 wLª.) gv`vixcyi †Rjvi wkePi _vbvi mvgvBj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
wZwb `xN©Kvj g°vq Ae¯’vb K‡i Bmjvg ag© wel‡q AMva cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib; wZwb ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i mKj
Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi nb; Zuvi GB Av‡›`vjb‡K div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb e‡j; Gici wZwb Ave`yj Inve bvgK
GK ag©ms¯‹vi‡Ki gZv`‡k© wek¦vmx n‡q Invwe Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ nb; wZwb mvaviY gvbyl‡K a‡g©i cÖK…Z i~c I
Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb; GQvov we‡`wk kvmb-†kvlY, Rwg`vi, †RvZ`vi I gnvRb‡`i
AZ¨vPvi †_‡K gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb K‡ib|
mvims‡ÿc :
evOvwj RvwZi cÖv_wgK cwiPq GB †h, Zviv GB evsjvq R‡b¥‡Q, Ges evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j| wKš‘ †PZbvi w`K
†_‡K, Aw ͇Z¡i w`K †_‡K, Zviv eû hy‡Mi AR©‡bi m‡½ hy³| evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx enb K‡i P‡j‡Q wn› y-†eŠ×-
gymjgvb ms¯‹…wZi bvbv Dcv`vb| Gi mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q AvDj-evDj ms¯‹…wZ Avi BwZnv‡mi bvbv NUbv| AZx‡Zi
nvRv‡iv PiYwPý G‡m wg‡j‡Q GKvˇii gnvb gyw³hy‡×| Gme HwZ‡n¨ Mov G Rb‡Mvôx Amv¤úª`vwqK Ges
gvbweK| we‡f`nxb mylg mgvR cÖwZôvB n‡e Avgv‡`i fwel¨r jÿ¨|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Ph©vc‡`i cvÐzwjwc †K Avwe®‹vi K‡ib?
K. gnvg‡nvcva¨vq nicÖmv` kv¯¿x L. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn
M. W. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq N. W. Gbvgyj nK
2. †h Av‡›`vj‡bi mvd‡j¨i c_ a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv Av‡mÑ
K. 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb L. 1969- Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb
M. 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPb N. 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
evsjv‡`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ eû cÖvPxb| Avw`Kvj n‡Z eZ©gvb ch©šÍ evsjvq †hvM n‡q‡Q we‡k¦i bvbv RvwZi
ms¯‹…wZ| G‡Z Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ mg„× n‡q‡Q, eûgvwÎKZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
3. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q?
K. Avgvi mšÍvb L. cÖvY
M. Avgvi cwiPq N. muv‡KvUv `yj‡Q
4. GB mv`„‡k¨i KviY n‡”Q †h welqwUÑ
i. evsjvi HwZn¨
ii. evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ
iii. evsjvi m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Kx‡mi Qwe AvuK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
K. hy‡×i L. we‡`ªv‡ni
M. aŸs‡mi N. mv‡g¨i
KweZvÑ192 SSC-1651
6. ÔG‡mwQ evOvwj ÿzw`ivg Avi m~h©‡m‡bi †_‡K|Õ PiYwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
i. evOvwji ¯vaxbZv ¯ú„nv
ii. evOvwji we‡`ªvnx †PZbv
iii. evOvwji HwZn¨ †PZbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i I ii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
evsjv Avgvi Rxebvb›` evsjv cÖv‡Yi myi|
Avwg GKevi †`wL, evievi †`wL
†`wL evsjvi gyL|
7. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡QÑ
K. AvZ¥cwiP‡q L. ms¯‹…wZ‡Z
M. ivRbxwZ‡Z N. A_©bxwZ‡Z
8. DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv „‡k¨i g~‡j i‡q‡QÑ
K. GKvZ¥Zv‡eva L. mvgwMÖKZv
M. we‡`ªvnx †PZbv N. Av‡cvmKvwgZv
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
evsjv me© Hkxkw³i cxV¯’vb| †n_vq jÿ jÿ †hvMx-gywb-Fwl-Zc¯xi cxV ’vb, mgvwa; mn ª dwKi-`i‡ek Awj-
MvwRi `iMv cig cweÎ| †n_vq MÖv‡g nq AvRv‡bi mv‡_ k•LNÈvi aŸwb| GLv‡b †h kvmbKZ©v n‡q G‡m‡Q †mB
¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| evsjvi AvenvIqvq Av‡Q ¯vaxbZv g‡š¿i mÄxebx kw³| Avgv‡`i evsjv wbZ¨ gwngvgqx,
wbZ¨ my›`i, wbZ¨ cweÎ|
K. †eŠ× wenvi †Kv_vq Aew ’Z?
L. Ph©vc` Kx? ÑeywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv „k¨ wbY©q Ki yb|
N. DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi AvswkK wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q, c~Y©v½ Qwe D‡V Av‡mwb| ÑAv‡jvPbv
Kiyb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. †eŠ×wenvi eZ©gvb bIMuv †Rjvi e`jMvwQ Dc‡Rjvi cvnvocyi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|
L. ÔPh©vc`Õ cÖvPxb hy‡Mi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i msKjb|
Ph©vc` G ch©šÍ cÖvß evsjv fvlv Ges mvwn‡Z¨iI cÖ_g wb`k©b| cwÐZ nicÖmv` kv ¿x †bcvj †_‡K Ph©vc‡`i
cvÐzwjwc D×vi K‡ib| Ph©vc‡`i iPbvKvj wLªw÷q Qq kZK †_‡K GKv`k kZK ch©šÍ| Kvnè cv I fymyKz cv
Ph©vc‡`i cÖavb Kweiƒ‡c cwiwPZ| Ph©vc`¸‡jv GKwU ag©xq Ave‡n iwPZ n‡jI G‡Z cÖvPxb evsjvi mvaviY
gvby‡li cÖvYgq Rxeb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
evOvwj RvwZmËvi GKwU mg„× AZxZ i‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv Awfbœ ms¯‹…wZ Ges Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvq
jvwjZ| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z bvbv m¤úª`v‡qi gvbyl evm K‡i| ZeyI GLvbKvi gvbyl evsjv fvlv I
ms¯‹…wZi e܇b Ave× n‡q HwZn¨gwÐZ AvZ¥xqZvi e܇b Ave× n‡q i‡q‡Q| evOvwj RvwZi GB Amv¤úª`vwqK
g‡bvfve `xN©w`‡bi| GLvbKvi mKj gvbyl Avb›`gq I †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© cwi‡e‡k emevm K‡i|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ193
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q evsjv me© Hkxkw³i cxV¯’vb| GLv‡b jÿ jÿ †hvMx-gywb-Fwl-Zc¯xi Av Ívbv i‡q‡Q| G
f~wg mn ª dwKi-`i‡ek, Awj-MvwRi cig cweÎ `iMv aviY K‡i| GLvbKvi MÖv‡g AvRv‡bi mv‡_ †e‡R I‡V
k•LNÈvi aŸwb| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvqI †`wL GK Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi evsjv‡`k‡K| evsjvq GKBm‡½
MxZvÄwj Avi AwMœ-exYv AvMÖ‡ni e ‘| GLv‡b Aeb VvKzi, Rqbyj, ÿzw`ivg Avi wZZzwg‡ii †Kv‡bv cÖ‡f` Kiv
nq bv| Kwe e‡jb, GLv‡b Avgiv GKmv‡_ AvwQ, GKmv‡_ euvwP Ges AvRI GKmv‡_ _vKe| Avgiv me
we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q w`‡q mv‡g¨i †PZbv AuvKe| e ‘Z evOvwj RvwZi msnwZ I HK¨ ej‡Z †M‡j GK I Awfbœ|
DÏxc‡K evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi KweI
Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| GB Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi welqwU‡ZB DÏxcK I ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ
KweZvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡K †Kej evOjvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|
evsjvi BwZnvm nvRvi eQ‡ii| Gi i‡q‡Q GKwU mg„× HwZn¨ I mvs¯‹…wZK cUf~wg| GLv‡b hy‡M hy‡M bvbv
Av‡›`vjb, wecøe, Avi gZv`‡k©i weKvk N‡U‡Q| BwZnv‡mi wewPÎ euvK I †gvo Ny‡i AvR Avgiv G‡m †cuŠ‡QwQ
AvR‡Ki evsjvq| evOvwji HwZ‡n¨ i‡q‡Q wecøe-we‡`ªvn, AvwZ‡_qZv, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ BZ¨vw`|
DÏxc‡K evOvwj RvwZi Amv¤úª`vwqK Pwi‡Îi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLvbKvi MÖv‡g AvRv‡bi mv‡_ k•LNÈvi
aŸwb †e‡R I‡V| G f~wg jÿ jÿ gywb-Fwli cxV¯’vb| GLv‡b Av‡iv i‡q‡Q Awj-MvwRi cig cweÎ `iMv|
evsjv fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i GLvbKvi gvbyl GK I Awfbœ †PZbvq wek¦vm K‡i| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ
KweZvqI Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi K_v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KweZvwU‡Z Kwe e‡jb, evOvwj RvwZi g~jgš¿ n‡”Q mevi
Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨| Avi evsjv‡`‡k Avgiv GKmv‡_ AvwQ, memgq GKmv‡_ _vKe| ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq
evOvwji fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ Qvov AviI A‡bK wel‡qi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| KweZvq i‡q‡Q evOvwji Rxeb cÖevn, Drme,
bvP, Mvb, cvjv-cve©Y, wecøe-we‡`ªvn, Av‡›`vjb, msMÖvgx Rxeb| Kwe Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq evOvwji Rxe‡bi GKwU
avivµg‡K Dc ’vc‡bi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvwU evOvwj-BwZnv‡mi GKwU avivµg| DÏxc‡K GB avivµ‡gi gvÎ GKwU welq D‡jøwLZ
n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ïay evOvwji Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbvi eY©bvwUB D‡V G‡m‡Q| GLv‡b Ab¨ welq¸‡jv Av‡jvwPZ
nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi AvswkK Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q, c~Y©v½ wPÎ ’vb cvqwb|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
†MvcvjB cÖ_g h_v_© evOvwj whwb cvj ivRes‡ki cÖwZôv NUvb| G mg‡q GKwU ¯vaxb e½iv‡R¨i D™¢e N‡U| cvj
ivRes‡ki kvmbKv‡j RvwZ‡f` cÖ_vi we‡jvc N‡U, MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ mg_©b †`Lv hvq, wPÎwkí I fv¯‹h© G A‡j
M‡o D‡V| me‡P‡q eoK_v, G mgq †eŠ×webq, mvg¨ Ges ggZvi GKwU Av`k© GLv‡b cÖwZwôZ nq|
K. ÔAvjc_Õ Kx?
L. evsjvi BwZnv‡m cvjhyM †Kb we‡kl ˆewkó¨gwÐZ?
M. DÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk K‡i? Ñe¨vL¨v Kiyb|
N. ÔÔDÏxcKwU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|Ó ÑDw³wU we‡kølY Ki yb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K 2. K 3. M 4. N 5. N 6. N 7. K 8. K
KweZvÑ194 SSC-1651
¯^vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv
wbg©‡j›`y MyY
wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y 1945 mv‡ji 21 Ryb †b·Kvbv †Rjvi evinvÆv Dc‡Rjvi Kvkeb MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv
my‡L›`y cÖKvk ¸Y †PŠayix Ges gvZv exYvcvwb ¸Y| gvÎ Pvi eQi eq‡m wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y Zuvi gvZv‡K nvivb| evev
Avevi we‡q Ki‡j mrgv PviæjZvi Kv‡Q Zuvi nv‡ZLwo nq| 1962 mv‡j gva¨wgK I 1964 mv‡j D”Pgva¨wgK
cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© n‡q e„wË cvb| Gic‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi dv‡g©wm I evsjv wefvM Ges ey‡q‡U
†jLvcovi my‡hvM †c‡qI co‡Z cv‡ibwb| Ae‡k‡l XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1969 mv‡j cÖvB‡f‡U weG cvm
K‡ib| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b wZwb GKRb mvsevw`K| †gwUªK cixÿvi Av‡MB †b·Kvbv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔDËi AvKvkÕ
cwÎKvq Zuvi cÖ_g KweZv ÔbZzb KvÐvixÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi KweZvq †kªwYmsMÖvg, cÖwZev`x †PZbv, bvix I †cÖg g~j
wkí-Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e M„nxZ| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki m~Pbv †_‡K eZ©gvb Kvj ch©š Í wZwb KweZvq I M‡`¨ ¯”Q‡›` m„Rbkxj
n‡jI Kwe wn‡m‡eB wZwb L¨vZ| KweZvi cvkvcvwk AvZ¥‰RewbK iPbv, ågYmvwnZ¨ I M`¨iPbv‡ZI wZwb wm×n Í|
wZwb GLbI mvwnZ¨mvabv K‡i hv‡”Qb| Kve¨mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl Ae`v‡bi ¯xK…wZ¯iƒc wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi I
GKz‡k c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbvq f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb|
Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv :
Kve¨MÖš’ : †cÖgvsïi i³ PvB, bv †cÖwgK bv wecøex, Pvlvfzlvi Kve¨, evsjvi gvwU evsjvi Rj, `~i
n `ytkvmb, wbićbi c„w_ex, cÂvk mnmª el©, Avwg mgq‡K Rb¥v‡Z †`‡LwQ;
†QvUMí : Avcb `‡ji gvbyl;
AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK : Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv, Avgvi Kɯi, AvZ¥K_v;
Dcb¨vm : †`kvšÍi|
Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvwU wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi ÔPvlvfzlvi Kve¨Õ MÖš’ †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q|
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi `„pZv I Zuvi ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zv m¤ú‡K© GB KweZv
†_‡K aviYv jvf Kiv hv‡e| ¯vaxbZvi †cÖÿvcU, MYRvMi‡Yi ¯iƒc Ges evsjv‡`k m„wó‡Z e½eÜzi Ae`v‡bi K_v
cÖKvk Ki‡ZB †jL‡Ki GB cÖ‡Póv|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvVwU cov †k‡l AvcwbÑ
GLbKvi wkïcvK© I †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡bi mv‡_ †mw`‡bi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
e½eÜzi †Z‡RvÏxß †NvlYvi †cÖÿvcU eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
Ô¯vaxbZvÕ kãwUi Mfxi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f~wgKv
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ195
GKwU KweZv †jLv n‡e Zvi Rb¨ A‡cÿvi D‡ËRbv wb‡q
jÿ jÿ Db¥Ë Aaxi e¨vKzj we‡`ªvnx †kÖvZv e‡m Av‡Q
†fvi †_‡K Rbmgy‡`ªi D`¨vb ˆmK‡Z : ÔKLb Avm‡e Kwe?Õ
GB wkï cvK© †mw`b wQj bv,
GB e„‡ÿ dz‡j †kvwfZ D`¨vb †mw`b wQj bv,
GB Z›`ªv”Qbœ weeY© we‡Kj †mw`b wQj bv|
Zv n‡j †Kgb wQj wkï cv‡K©, †e‡Â, e„‡ÿ, dz‡ji evMv‡b
†X‡K †`qv GB XvKvi n„`q gvVLvwb?
Rvwb, †mw`‡bi me ¯§„wZ gy‡Q w`‡Z n‡q‡Q D`¨Z
Kv‡jv nvZ| ZvB †`wL Kwenxb GB wegyL cÖvš ͇i AvR
Kwei weiy‡× Kwe,
gv‡Vi weiy‡× gvV,
we‡K‡ji weiy‡× we‡Kj,
D`¨v‡bi weiy‡× D`¨vb,
gv‡P©i weiy‡× gvP©...|
†n AbvMZ wkï, †n AvMvgx w`‡bi Kwe,
wkï cv‡K©i iwOb †`vjbvq †`vj †L‡Z †L‡Z Zzwg
GKw`b me Rvb‡Z cvi‡e; Avwg †Zvgv‡`i K_v †f‡e
wj‡L †i‡L hvw”Q †mB †kÖô we‡K‡ji Mí|
†mw`b GB D`¨v‡bi i~c wQj wfbœZi|
bv cvK© bv dz‡ji evMvb, ÑGm‡ei wKQzB wQj bv,
ïay GKLÐ ALÐ AvKvk †hiKg, †miKg w`Mš Í c−vweZ
ïay gvV wQj `~e©v`‡j XvKv, mey‡R meyRgq|
Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv wcÖq cÖv‡Yi meyR G‡m wg‡kwQj
GB ay ay gv‡Vi mey‡R|
Kcv‡j Kwâ‡Z jvjmvjy †eu‡a
GB gv‡V Qz‡U G‡mwQj KviLvbv †_‡K †jvnvi kÖwgK,
jvOj †Rvqvj Kuv‡a G‡mwQj SuvK †eu‡a Dj½ K…lK,
nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq g„Zz¨, †Pv‡L ¯cœ wb‡q G‡mwQj ga¨weË,
wbgœweË, KiæY †Kivwb, bvix, e„×, feNy‡i
Avi †Zvgv‡`i g‡Zv wkï cvZv-Kzovwbiv `j †eu‡a|
GB KweZv cov n‡e, Zvi Rb¨ Kx e¨vKzj
cÖZxÿv gvby‡li : ÔKLb Avm‡e Kwe ?Õ ÔKLb Avm‡e Kwe?Õ
kZ eQ‡i kZ msMÖvg †k‡l,
iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡Zv `„ß cv‡q †nu‡U
AZtci Kwe G‡m RbZvi g‡Â `uvov‡jb|
ZLb cj‡K `viæY Sj‡K Zix‡Z DwVj Rj,
n„`‡q jvwMj †`vjv, Rbmgy‡`ª RvwMj †Rvqvi
mKj `yqvi †Lvjv| †K †iv‡a Zuvnvi eRªKÉ evYx ?
g~jcvV
KweZvÑ196 SSC-1651
MYm~‡h©i g Kuvwc‡q Kwe †kvbv‡jb Zuvi Agi KweZvLvwb :
ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg,
Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Õ
†mB †_‡K ¯vaxbZv kãwU Avgv‡`i|
wbe©vwPZ k‡ãi A_© I UxKv :
ALÐÑ mgMÖ, Av Í| AZtci Kwe G‡m g‡Â `uvov‡jbÑ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb e³…Zvg‡Â G‡m uvov‡jb jÿ
jÿ gvby‡li mvg‡b| D`¨ZÑ cÖe„Ë, cÖ ‘Z| D`¨vbÑ evMvb| Db¥ËÑ `viæY D‡ËRbvq Av‡eMwenŸj, wÿß| Dj½
K…lKÑ LvwjMv‡qi `wi`ª MÖvgxY K…lK|
GB wkï cvK© †mw`b wQj bvÑ eZ©gv‡b XvKvi †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡b DËicÖv‡šÍi GKwU AskRy‡o i‡q‡Q wkï cvK©;
ZLb G wkï cvK© wQj bv, ZLb Gi bvg wQj igbv †im‡Kvm©; GB †im‡Kv‡m©i DËi cÖv‡šÍ wbwg©Z weivU cÖk Í gÂ
†_‡K 7B gvP© (1971) e½eÜz Zuvi HwZnvwmK fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb; e½eÜzi fvl‡Yi †mB ¯§„wZgq ’vbwUi †Kv‡bv
Aw ÍZ¡ GLb Avi Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv; †mLv‡b GLb bvbv iO-†ei‡Oi Uzj-†ewÂ, †LjbvivR¨, Avi Pviw`‡K evMvb|
Kwe g‡b K‡ib, jÿ jÿ gvby‡li ü`q wbsov‡bv ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi evYx †hLvb †_‡K D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj †m ¯§„wZgq
’vbwU Gfv‡eB my‡KŠk‡j †X‡K †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg/ Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯vaxbZvi msMÖvgÑ 1971-Gi 7 gvP© e½eÜz ¯vaxbZvi WvK
†`b, G‡`‡ki gyw³i WvK †`b; Zuvi e³‡e¨i GUvB wQj g~jK_v; Zuvi G AvnŸv‡b mgMÖ †`kevmx HK¨e× n‡q gnvb
gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges Ae‡k‡l Avgiv Rqx nB|
KLb Avm‡e Kwe?Ñ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Kwei~‡c; KviY wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li
¯vaxbZvi ¯cœ I Abyf~wZi i~cKvi; Zuvi evOvwj n„`‡qi Av‡eMcÖeY cÖKvk‡K KwemyjfB g‡b nq; 1971 mv‡ji 5
GwcÖj gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi ÔwbDRDBKÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GK wbe‡Ü e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i †jLv nq, wZwb Ôjÿ jÿ gvbyl‡K AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib mgv‡e‡k Ges Av‡eMgq evwM¥Zvq Zi‡½i
ci Zi‡½ Zv‡`i m‡¤§vwnZ K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib; wZwb ivRbxwZi KweÕ; myZivs e½eÜz‡K ÔKweÕ AwfavwU h_v_©fv‡eB
w`‡q‡Qb GKv‡ji Kwe|
Kwei weiæ‡× Kwe ... gv‡P©i weiæ‡× gvP©Ñ Kwe GLv‡b †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb e½eÜz‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨vi ci G‡`‡k
Aïfkw³i †h DÌvb N‡U‡Q Zv‡Z me BwZevPK fvebv, †mŠ›`h© I Kj¨vY‡K †hb mgvwnZ Kivi cÖqvm P‡j‡Q|
KiæY †KivwbÑ ¯í †eZ‡b `vwi‡`ª¨i g‡a¨ KiæYfv‡e Rxeb-hvcbKvix mvaviY PvKwiRxex †Kivwb|
MYm~‡h©i gÂÑ RbM‡Yi †bZv, huvi †ZRxqvb `y¨wZ Pviw`‡K we”QzwiZ nw”Qj wZwb †hb GK MYm~h©; †mB †bZv †h
g‡Â `uvwo‡q †mUv †Zv MYm~‡h©i gÂ; ZvQvov †mw`b we‡K‡j m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z wQj cÖLiZv|
Rbmgy ªÑ weivU Rbmgv‡ek, wecyj RbZv| †RvqvjÑ jvOj ev Mvwo‡Z mshy³ ej‡`i Kuv‡a †h KvôLÐ _v‡K hvi
mv‡_ mvwo ev jvOj euvav nq, hyMÜi| Rbmgy‡`ªi D`¨vb ˆmK‡ZÑ igbv †im‡Kv‡m© mg‡eZ jÿ jÿ gvby‡li
mgv‡ek‡K Kwe Kíbv K‡i‡Qb Rbmgy‡`ªi evMvbi~‡c; †mB Rbmgy‡ ªi GKw`‡K wQj gÂ, Kwei `„wó‡Z †mwU †hb
†mB Rbmgy‡`ªi Zxi|
ZLb cj‡K `viæY Sj‡K Zix‡Z DwVj Rj/ n„`‡q jvwMj †`vjv, Rbmgy‡`ª RvwMj †Rvqvi/ mKj `yqvi †Lvjv,Ñ Kwe
Zuvi eY©bv‡K AviI my›`i I A_©en K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ iex›`ªbv‡_i Ô†`eZvi MÖvmÕ I weòz †`-i Ô†NvomIqviÕ
KweZvi PiY e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Lye ˆbcy‡Y¨i m‡½; evsjvi gvby‡li wcÖq †bZv e½eÜz Zuvi ¯vaxbZvi~cx †bŠKvi cvj
Zz‡j hLb WvK w`‡jb, ZLb RbZvi †Rvqv‡ii †mªv‡Z †m †bŠKvq jvMj DÏvg nvIqv, Qz‡U Pjj †mB ¯‡cœi eû
AvKvw•ÿZ Zix|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ197
Z›`ªv”QbœÑ Ny‡g Av”Qbœ| `viæY Sj‡KÑ cÖPÐ SjK w`‡q, cÖPÐ Av‡jvi †`vjv jvwM‡q| w`MšÍÑ w`‡Ki †kl mxgv|
w`MšÍ c−vweZÑ AvKvk-†Quvqv, †h gv‡V w`MšÍ G‡m wg‡k‡Q Ggb wekvj| `~e©v`‡jÑ meyR Nv‡m| „ßÑ Mwe©Z,
†ZR¯^x| cj‡KÑ gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨| cvZv-KzovwbivÑ hviv cvZv-Kzwo‡q Rxeb aviY K‡i| cÖv‡Yi meyRÑ cÖv‡Yi
mRxeZv I ZviæY¨; `wi ª wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi `j| cøvweZÑ RjgMœ, eb¨vq Wz‡e †M‡Q Ggb| eRªKÉ evYxÑ mn‡R
DÏxß `y¨wZgq e½eÜzi evYx| eRªKÉÑ †gNv”Qbœ AvKvk †_‡K eRª ev we`y¨‡Zi aŸwb cÖPÐ kw³ai k‡ãi g‡Zv;
GLv‡b e½eÜzi Kɯi‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| weeY©Ñ gwjb, d¨vKv‡m| wegyL cÖvšÍ‡iÑ weiæ× cwi‡e‡ki gvV, cÖwZK~j
cwi‡e‡k| feNy‡iÑ hv‡`i †Kv‡bv KvRKg© †bB, †eKvi| gv‡Vi meyRÑ gv‡Vi my›`i meyR cwi‡ek|
kZ eQ‡ii kZ msMÖvg †k‡lÑ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ evsjvi ¯vaxbZvm~h© A ÍwgZ nq cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i 1757 mv‡j; 1857 mv‡j
weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb nq, hv wmcvnx wec−e; 1930 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡g ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvgx wec−ex m~h©‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡
weªwUk we‡ivax mk ¿ hy× nq Rvjvjvev` cvnv‡o; AZtci cvwK Ívb m„wói GK eQi ci †_‡K ïiæ nq cvwK Ívwb
kvmK‡`i bvbv loh‡š¿i weiæ‡× msMÖvg; 1948 mv‡ji fvlv msMÖvg †_‡K 1952-i fvlv Av‡›`vjb, Zvici 1971
mv‡j i³ÿqx gyw³hy×; myZivs BwZnv‡mi eû Aa¨vq cvi n‡q, bvbv msMÖvg I Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q Avgiv AR©b K‡iwQ
wcÖq ¯vaxbZv|
†kÖô we‡K‡ji MíÑ 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †h we‡KjwU‡Z jÿ jÿ gvbyl Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡cÿv
KiwQj e½eÜzi fvlY †kvbvi Rb¨, †m we‡KjwU Kwei `„wó‡Z wQj evsjvi gvby‡li Rb¨ †kÖô we‡Kj; KviY Gw`b
we‡K‡jB wZwb ¯vaxbZvi WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb| †iv‡aÑ eÜ K‡i †`Iqv, evav †`Iqv|
jÿ jÿ Db¥Ë Aaxi e¨vKzj we‡`ªvnx †kÖvZvÑ 1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© evsjvi gvby‡li Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingv‡bi KÉwbtm„Z e³e¨ †kvbvi Rb¨ XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b A‡cÿv KiwQj jÿ jÿ gvbyl; Zviv
e¨vKzj n‡q e‡mwQj e½eÜzi A‡cÿvq; †im‡Kv‡m©i gv‡V G‡m wZwb Kx wb‡`©k †`b, Kx Avkvi evYx †kvbvb †m Rb¨
†mw`b jÿ cÖvY n‡qwQj AvKzj; KviY cvwK Ívwb kvmKiv mvgwiK kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i evOvwji ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi
weRq‡K bm¨vr Kivi mg Í cwiKíbvi QK ˆZwi K‡i e‡mwQj; 1970-Gi mvaviY wbe©vP‡b e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ evOvwji
weRq‡K Zviv ¯xKvi K‡i wb‡Z cv‡iwb; cvwK Ívwb lohš¿Kvix‡`i mvgwiK cÖwZf~ Bqvwnqv Lvb 1971-Gi 1 gvP©
cvwK Ív‡bi RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb ’wMZ K‡i †`q; e½eÜzi AvnŸv‡b ïiæ nq mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZi HK¨e×
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb; evsjv‡`k n‡q I‡V MYgvby‡li Av‡›`vj‡b UvjgvUvj; ÿzä †`‡ki gvbyl; †d‡U co‡Q Zv‡`i
†µva; Zviv ZvwK‡q Av‡Q Zv‡`i AK…wÎg eÜz, cÖv‡Yi gvbyl, †KvwU gvby‡li †bZv †kL gywR‡ei w`‡K; mg Í †`‡ki
gvbyl †hb G we‡`ªv‡n Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Q; †mw`b †im‡Kv‡m©i gv‡V e½eÜzi e³…Zv †kvbvi Rb¨ hviv G‡mwQj †mB jÿ
jÿ gvby‡li g‡b wQj e¨vKzjZv, e½eÜz Kx ej‡eb AvR; cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖvZvB †hb GK GKRb we‡`ªvnx; G we‡ ªvn wQj
cvwK Ívwb ˆ¯ikvmK I mvgwiKZ‡š¿i Ab¨vq I loh‡š¿i weiæ‡×|
†kvwfZÑ mw¾Z| meyR meyRgqÑ meyR Nv‡m Ave„Z|
¯vaxbZv kãwU Avgv‡`iÑ Ô¯vaxbZvÕ kãwU GLb Awfav‡bi GKwU wbQK kã bq; G kãwU D”Pvi‡Yi m‡½ Avgv‡`i
msMÖvg I gyw³i cÖm½ hy³; ZvB 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© hLb e½eÜzi KÉ †_‡K aŸwbZ n‡jv : Gev‡ii msMÖvg
¯vaxbZvi msMÖvg, ZLb Ô¯vaxbZvÕ kãwU †cj bZzb A_© I e¨Äbv|
mvims‡ÿc :
XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 1971-Gi 7 gvP© mg‡eZ n‡qwQj AmsL¨ gvbyl| wewPÎ †ckv-eqm Avi †kÖwYi gvbyl|
IB meyR `~e©v`‡j XvKv gq`v‡b Zviv mevB G‡mwQj GKwU K‡Éi AvIqvR †kvbvi Rb¨| †mB BwZnvm †X‡K
†`Iqvi Rb¨B nqZ we ÍxY© `~e©v`j c‡i †X‡K †`Iqv n‡q‡Q wkïcv‡K©i †e‡Â, dz‡j Avi e„‡ÿ| wKš‘ †m BwZnvm
gy‡Q hvIqvi bq| jÿ jÿ gvbyl nv‡qbvi i³Pÿz D‡cÿv K‡i †mw`b GLv‡b G‡mwQj| Avi e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingvb GLv‡bB w`‡qwQ‡jb †mB Agi †NvlYv: ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i
¯vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕ| G †hb GK Agi KweZv, Avi GB †NvlYvKvix GK gnvb Kwe| Zuvi IB gnvKvwe¨K †NvlYvi
ga¨ w`‡qB Ô¯vaxbZvÕ kãwU wPiKv‡ji g‡Zv Avgv‡`i n‡jv|
KweZvÑ198 SSC-1651
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. Kwe e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©i fvlY‡K Kx g‡b K‡ib?
K. Agi KweZv L. KvjRqx Mvb
M. gbbkxj cÖeÜ N. gnr †QvUMí
2. ÔcÖv‡Yi meyRÕ ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡Qb Ñ
K. meyR †cvkvK L. cÖv‡Yi eva©K¨
M. g‡bi Avb›` N. cÖv‡Yi mRxeZv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© evsjvi gvby‡li Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi KÉwbtm„Z e³e¨ †kvbvi
Rb¨ XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b A‡cÿv KiwQj jÿ jÿ gvbyl| Zviv e¨vKzj n‡q e‡mwQj e½eÜzi A‡cÿvq|
3. DÏxc‡Ki e½eÜz‡K Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq Kx Awfavq AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K. †bZv L. wcZv
M. Kwe N. bvqK
4. DÏxcK Ges Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvwUi wgj i‡q‡Q †h wel‡qÑ
i. RbZvi Rgv‡qZ ii. msMÖvgx g‡bvfve iii. e½eÜzi fvlY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii
M. iii N. i, ii I iii
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :
5. Kwe Kxfv‡e G‡m RbZvi g‡Â `uvov‡jb?
K. Avjm¨ f‡i L. `„ß cv‡q M. `ytwLZ wP‡Ë N. Avbw›`Z wP‡Ë
6. Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq Kweiƒ‡c Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡QÑ
K. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K L. †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqvw`©‡K
M. †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nK‡K N. gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx‡K
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU coyb Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
GKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rb¥ n‡Z P‡j‡QÑ
mevB Aaxi cÖZxÿv Ki‡Q †Zvgvi R‡b¨, †n ¯vaxbZv|
7. DÏxc‡K Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ ÑKweZvi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
i. ¯vwaKv‡ii K_v ii. gyw³hy‡×i K_v iii. ¯vaxbZvi K_v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii
8. DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ †PZbv Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Yi m‡½ mv`„k¨c~Y©?
i. GB aya ygv‡Vi mey‡R ii. GB wkï cvK© †mw`b wQj bv iii. †mB †_‡K ¯vaxbZv kãwU Avgv‡`i n‡jv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ :
G‡mwQ evOvwj ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ †_‡K|
G‡mwQ evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi †_‡K|
SSC-1651 KweZvÑ199
Avwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K|
Avwg †h G‡mwQ GKvˇii gyw³hy× †_‡K|
G‡mwQ Avgvi †cQ‡b nvRvi PiY wPnè †d‡j|
ïavI Avgv‡K ÔGZ`~i Zzwg †Kvb †cÖiYvq G‡j?
K. Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi †ckv Kx?
L. Kwe Ô†kÖô we‡K‡ji MíÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki eRªKÉ Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq Kvi eRªK‡Éi cwiPq cÖKvk K‡i?
ÑAv‡jvPbv Kiyb|
N. ÒRqevsjvi eRªK‡Éi gva¨‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv †c‡qwQ|Ó ÑDÏxcK I Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU
Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K gšÍe¨wU wePvi Ki yb|
bgybv DËi : m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K. Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸‡Yi †ckv mvsevw`KZv|
L. Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq Kwe 1971 mv‡ji 7 gv‡P©i weKv‡ji K_v‡K †kÖô we‡K‡ji
Mí e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
1971 mv‡ji gvP© gvm wQj evsjvi ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi DËvj mgq| 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b
†h we‡KjwU‡Z jÿ jÿ gvbyl Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡cÿv KiwQj e½eÜzi fvlY †kvbvi Rb¨, Kwei `„wó‡Z †m
we‡KjwU wQj evsjvi gvby‡li Rb¨ †kÖô we‡Kj| KviY Gw`b we‡K‡jB wZwb evsjvi ¯vaxbZvi WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb|
Kwei Kv‡Q g‡b n‡q‡Q GwU evOvwj RvwZi †kÖô we‡K‡ji Mí|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔeRªKÉÕ Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi
eRªK‡Éi cwiPq cÖKvk K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GKwU Awemsevw`Z bvg| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZi
RbK| Zuvi †`k‡cÖg, mvnm, ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv Ges AwaKvi-ewÂZ gvby‡li Rb¨ AZzjbxq jovB c„w_exi
BwZnv‡m weij| wZwb evOvwj RvwZ‡K ¯vaxbZvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ K‡ib| dj¯iƒc evOvwj RvwZ GK i³ÿqx
gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g ¯vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv K‡i|
DÏxc‡K ÔRqevsjvÕ †køvMv‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ÔRqevsjvÕ †køvMv‡bi exRgš¿wU evOvwj RvwZ‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb| Avi GB †køvMvbwU `„ßK‡É D”PviY K‡i‡Qb wZwb| Ab¨w`‡K Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU
Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvqI eRªK‡Éi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Zuvi HwZnvwmK fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb| D³ fvl‡Y wZwb evOvwj RvwZ‡K eRªK‡É ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨
D`vË AvnŸvb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei eRªK‡Éi D”Pvi‡YB †mw`b evOvwj RvwZ ¯vaxbZvi w`kv
cvq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki eRªKÉwU Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi RvwZi RbK
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi eRªK‡Éi cwiPq‡K cÖKvk K‡i|
N. DÏxcK Ges Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv, DfqwU‡Z D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q Rqevsjv eRªK‡Éi
gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv †c‡qwQ|
Ô¯vaxbZvÕ kãwU Awfav‡bi GKwU wbQK kãgvÎ bq| G kãwU D”Pvi‡Yi m‡½ Avgv‡`i msMÖvg I gyw³i cÖm½
hy³| 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© e½e›ay †kL gywReyi ingvb igbvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b evOvwj RvwZ‡K ¯vaxbZvi gš¿
ïwb‡qwQ‡jb| e½eÜzi †mB `y¨wZgq evYx †kvbvi Rb¨ †mw`b †mB gq`v‡b Rgv‡qZ n‡qwQj jÿ jÿ RbZv|
e½eÜz †mw`b eRªK‡É D”PviY K‡iwQ‡jb, ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i
¯vaxbZvi msMÖvgÕ| GUv wQj G‡`‡ki cÖwZwU gvby‡li AšÍ‡i jvwjZ AvKv•ÿv| G wQj GK m‡PZb † ªvn| G
we‡`ªvn wQj cvwK Ívwb ˆ¯ikvmK I mvgwiKZ‡š¿i Ab¨vq Ges loh‡š¿i weiæ‡× |
KweZvÑ200 SSC-1651
DÏxc‡K 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq e½eÜzi ÔRq evsjvÕ †køvMv‡bi K_vwU D‡V G‡m‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe Rq
evsjvi eRªKɇK Zvi †PZbvq aviY K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K Ô¯vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq
Rq evsjvi eRªKɇKB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi wbqvgK kw³ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv e½eÜz GKvËi
mv‡ji 7 gv‡P© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b jÿ jÿ gvby‡li mvg‡b ÔRq evsjvÕ eRªK‡Éi gva¨‡g cvwK Ívwb ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi
wbMo †_‡K evOvwj RvwZi gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ WvK †`b| Avi GB eRªK‡Éi WvK ï‡bB evOvwj RvwZ
gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges ¯vaxbZvi jvj m~h©‡K wQwb‡q Av‡b|
Ô¯vaxbZv GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi Kwe g‡b K‡ib ÔRq evsjvÕi eRªK‡Éi gva¨‡g Avgiv
evsjvi ¯vaxbZv †c‡qwQ| DÏxc‡Ki Kwei †PZbvqI GKB aviYv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, ÔRq evsjvÕi
eRªK‡Éi gva¨‡gB Avgiv ¯vaxbZv kãwU †c‡qwQÕ gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
A¨vmvBb‡g›U : wb‡R Kiæb
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ:
hZ w`b i‡e cÙv †gNbv
†MŠix hgybv engvb
ZZ w`b i‡e KxwZ© †Zvgvi
†kL gywRe yi ingvb|
w`‡K w`‡K AvR AkÖæM½v
i³M½v engvb
bvB bvB fq,n‡e n‡e Rq
Rq gywReyi ingvb|
K. ÔcvZv-KzovwbivÕ Kviv?
L. ÔkZ eQ‡i kZ msMÖvg †k‡lÕ ÑDw³wU eywS‡q ejyb|
M. DÏxcKwU Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q?
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †kL gywRe yi ingvb Ô¯vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq evsjvi
ivRbxwZi Agi Kv‡e¨i Kwe|Ó ÑgšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Kiæb|
DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1. K 2. N 3. M 4. N 5. L 6. K 7. M 8. M
mvnvh¨ ev mnvqZvi Rb¨ civgk© wbbÑ
Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uv‡ii †Kvm© wUDUi
W. †gv. †P½xk Lvb
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK (evsjv), I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
B‡gBj: [email protected]
Ges
†g‡nixb gybRvixb iZœv
mnKvix Aa¨vcK (evsjv), I‡cb ¯‹zj
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|
B‡gBj: [email protected]