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GALILEO on AviationProf. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker
Dipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker2Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Overview
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker3Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Introducing the Institute of Flight Guidance
• member of TechnicalUniversity of Braunschweig and Braunschweig Research Airport
• led by Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Hecker
• currently 29 staff (24 research engineers)
IFF
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker4Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Experience in Navigation
• flights with Satellite Navigation
since 1988
• fully automatic landing based on
SatNav in 1989
• development of a Pseudolite-
System in the mid 90´s
• fusion / hybridisation of inertial
navigations systems with SatNav
• investigation of GBAS CAT-I
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker5Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Current Research Activities
• SBAS / GBAS technologies and procedures• studies for GBAS CAT-II/III architechtures• integrated navigation with low-cost inertial Sensors (MEMS)• design and assessment of procedures and technologies for the
optimisation of approach, landing and departure in consideration of– security– capacity– environment
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker6Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Planned research activities for GALILEO
• safety critical applications• certification issues• comparison of GPS with GALILEO and integrated GPS/GALILEO
especially for– high dynamic flights– curved approaches (shading)– GBAS
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker7Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Challenging navigationproblems in aviation
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker8Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
20008.0 M flights per year
150 or more
100 to 150
50 to 100
flights per day
Quelle: Eurocontrol
Increasing traffic
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker9Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
201011.9 M flights per year
150 or more
100 to 150
50 to 100
flights per day
Quelle: Eurocontrol
Increasing traffic
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker10Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
202015.8 M flights per year
150 or more
100 to 150
50 to 100
flights per day
Quelle: Eurocontrol
Increasing traffic
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker11Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Hamburg
Rio de Janeiro
Environmental constraints at airports
Bottlenecks
• bottlenecks of the future
• limited resources (area)
restricted expansion
• airports within high-density areas
noise exposure
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker12Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Landing aids: Instrument Landing System (ILS)
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker13Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
main constraint: ILS Sensitive Area
Landing aids: Instrument Landing System (ILS)
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker14Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
main constraint: ILS Sensitive Area
Effect: Deflection of glidepath due to metallic a/c
Risk: Erroneous guidance during approach safety critical!
Safety regulation:Landing clearance for follower a/c not until sensitive area is vacant
Consequence:Increased separationDecreased capacity (down to 60% during CAT III possible)
Landing aids: Instrument Landing System (ILS)
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker15Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Current GPS constraints
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker16Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Current GPS constraints
• Availability and Integrity not guaranteed• Jamming/Spoofing• Military system (SA)• Multipath• Shading
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker17Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Current GPS constraints
• Availability and Integrity not guaranteed• Jamming/Spoofing• Military system (SA)• Multipath• Shading
Safety critical applications in aviationbased on present SatNav solely
NOT CERTIFICABLE
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker18Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Solutions in Aviation
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker19Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Aviation needs...
• accuracy– positioning error below allowed error bounds
• integrity– trust in correctness of information AND provision of timely and valid
warnings• continuity
– ability of a system to perform its function for an intended operationwith certain performance without interruption, presuming that thesystem was available at the start of an operation
• availability– the percentage of time that a system has the required accuracy,
integrity and continuity
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker20Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Required Navigation Performance
• RNP depends on flight phase– enroute– terminal– APV I/II– CAT I
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker21Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Integrated Navigation
• IRS is primary navigation source– additional attitude data
• IRS and GNSS complementarycoupled navigation systemsIRS PV solution aided by GNSS PV
• AAIM (Aircraft Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)– "Tight coupled system"– GNSS pseudoranges and range rate used in IRS/GNSS integration
filter• GALILEO expected to
– increase availability– SoL to ease integrity monitoring of low cost inertial sensors
(MEMS)
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker22Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Integrated Navigation with Bi-Constellation
• different approaches possible– observation of seperated loose coupled systems– integrated GPS/GALILEO PVT used in loose coupled system– pseudoranges and range rates of GPS AND GALILEO used in tight
coupled systems
increased accuracy and integrity expected
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker23Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
CATs
• most stringend Accurracy requirements at CAT operations
• Integrity:– 1-2*10-7/approach at CAT I– 1-10-9/approach at CATII/III– coupled systems possible solution (GPS+GALILEO+SBAS)
6.2 / 2CAT III6.9 / 2CAT II16 / 4-6CAT IAccuracy (H / V) / mCategory
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker24Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
CAT IIIc and A-SMGCS
• CAT IIIc for no visual range– possible with ILS, but surface movement problematic
• A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and ControlSystem)– must be able to guide a/c on ground even at no visual range– automatic movement favoured– heading– availability 0.99999
GALILEO+GPS+SBAS possible solution
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker25Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker26Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)
• CAT I certification• pseudorange-corrections transmitted• additionally waypoints for Final Approach segment• CAT II/III design currently under investigation
– GALILEO expected to contribute to high accuracy and integrityrequirements for GBAS CAT II/III operations
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker27Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
lateral guidance
vertical guidance
Future Objectives: 4D Navigation
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker28Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
GALILEO
• Increasing Air traffic needs navigation solutions– Bottlenecks
• Hybridised with GPS and INS (or SBAS) at oceanic/enroute• Hybridised with GPS and SBAS/GBAS for high RNP
Navigation aid for all flight phases with high- Accuracy- Integrity- Continuity- Availability
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker29Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Thank you for your attention!
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker30Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Forschungsflugzeug Dornier 128-6
• Meteorologische Messungen• Temperatur• Feuchte • Windvektor• Strahlung • Luftchemische Messungen
• Technische Daten der D-IBUF• Spannweite15,5 m • Länge 13,8 m• max. Masse 4350 kg• Geschwindigkeit ca. 275 km/h• Einsatzdauer max. 8 h
ITST 2007 – GALILEO on AviationDipl.-Ing. Meiko Steen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Hecker31Institute of Flight Guidance
TU Braunschweig
Forschungsflugzeuge
experimentelles Cockpit
Cessna 172
