Gaon Budala Budala Gaon Book

8/9/2019 Gaon Budala Budala Gaon Book

1/124

]wS>mbm

Jmd,Jmd]wS>mbm

]wS>mbmJmd,

Jmd

]wS>mbm

^m H$ a hm S>{^m H$ a hm S>{^m H$ a hm S>{^m H$ a hm S>{^m H$ a hm S>{


2/124

]wS>mbm Jmd, Jmd ]wS>mbmH$odVm

_wI[>/oM{^mH$a hmS>{

^mH$a EH$ZmW [mQ>rb hmS>{

[W_mdmr22 Eob 1195


3/124

o` ]YyH$. oMaOrd em_ `mg ...


4/124

hadb{`m Jmdm`m em{YmV

dVr CRy>Z J{b{`m EH$m Jmdm_wi{ Amobha Jm{S>p_Wbm EH$g]Y H$odVm \w$abr hm{Vr AmoU hr H$odVm BJOr dmL>_`m`m

BoVhmgmMm EH$ ^mJ ]Zbr. hadyZ J{b{`m Jmdm]b Am[br Z{_H$sH$m` oVoH$`m hm`bm hdr ? ES>Ja AbZ [m{_mU{ Am[U dmVmdaUP[mQ>Umar H$odVm obhmdr H$m ah`H$W{`m $[mZ{ Am[bm AZw d_mS>mdm ? ^mH$a hmS>{Mm Jmd had`mMm AZw d EH$ gdmoJU hmXamhm{Vm AmoU Vm{ H$odVm`m oZ oMm`m $[mZ{ j{o[V Pmbm. Am[`mJmdmgmaI Jmd em{YV ^mH$a hmS>{ ^maVmV AmoU wam{[mV Mm\{$a

qhS>bm [U Hw$R>{M `mbm Am[`m hadb{`m Jmdmer gm` Agb{bmJmd AmT>ibm Zmhr AmoU AI{a `mbm Am[`m ZOa{g_m{aMm JmdAmodH$V H$a`mgmR>r dm[amd{ bmJb{ eX AmoU aJ.

h{J_ { amhUm`m hmS>{Mm O_ 1957 gmbr [w`mZOrH$`mC]O Zmdm`m I{S>{JmdmV Pmbm. Img Jm_rU X{Imdm hm{Vm Vm{. qhXwdmVwoe[m`m [a[a{da AmYmab{bm Jmd. ZXrH$mR>r dgb{`m mJmdmM dV:MM EH$ d{Ji AmoU d [yU OJ hm{V. `mV d{e

H$am`bm EH$ d{g AmoU XadmOm hm{Vm. XadmOm ]X H{$bm H$s ]mh{a`mOJmbm AmV d{e Zmhr. Aem a` oR>H$mUr ^mH$a hmS>{Z Am[`mAm w`mMr [ohbr AR>am df`VrV H{$br. ZXrV _Zgm{$ [m{hV,JmdmV`m dmQ>mda P[mP[m MmbV AmoU Am[`m Jm_rU AmS>m{em`mOmJr ^a[ya H$gaV H$$Z eara AmoU _Z H$_mdV.

`mbm ]gb{bm [ohbm gmH$oVH$ Y$m hUO{ `mZ{ _w]Bbm

oXb{br {Q>. odmWu hUyZ Vm{ O{.O{. BpQ>Q>yQ> Am\$ AbmBS>AmQ>g_ { XmIb Pmbm. `mMm A`mgmMm odf` hm{Vm OmohamV-odm AmoU m odf`mZ `mbm W{Q> AmYwoZH$ OJmV AmUyZ gm{S>b.oOW{ d{J hm gd`dhmamMm _yb yV JwU Amh{. m_wi{ `mbm Am[bmo>H$m{Z ]XbU ^mJ [S>b. [U bdH$aM `mM AmUIr EH$ ^$Z Z {`mgmaI ZwH$gmZ Pmb. 1976 gmbr `mMm O_mMm Jmd EH$mZ`mZ{ ]mY`mV {Um`m YaUmImbr ]wS>mbm. AMmZH$ Vr OmJmM

Zmhrer Pmbr; AmVm oVW{ \$$ EH$ Obme` hm{Vm. ^mH$a hmS>{bmdVwpWVrMm drH$ma H$amdmM bmJbm H$s Og{ OrdZmV ]Xb hm{VmVVg{M Iw OJmVhr ]Xb hm{VmV AmoU `m`mV`m H$bmdV-H$drbm


5/124

OmJ {BVm{da m g`mZ `mbm JhUmgmaI JmgyZ Q>mH$b hm{V.AWmV hmS>{M dV:M Ag hUU Amh{ H$s Am[`m

bhmZ[Ur`m odmV`m Am{iIr`m VrH$m`m AMmZH$ hadyZOm`mMm AmoU `mZ{ dV: AmH$oVdmXr oMH$b{Mm `mJ H$a`mMm

Vgm H$mhrhr A`m{` g]Y Zmhr. hmS>{ hUVm{, ""AmH$oVdmgroMH$bm hUO{ oZdi dVyM a{ImQ>Z. H$odV{V AmoU oMH$b{VdVyZm H{$di VrH$m_H$ _y` AgV. {H$ oM H$mT>VmZm _rH$mhrVar ZdrZ oeH$V AgVm{. aJ dm[a`mV _r aJyZ OmVm{.oM\$bH$mda AdVaUma{ AmH$ma _m`m XZoXZ `dhmamV _bmoXgUm`m AmH$mam[{jm d{Ji{ AgVmV. dV:Mr Ao^`$s AmoUdV:da R>gb{b{ AZw d `mMm Vm{ EH$ _{i AgVm{. _r O{ H$mhr ]KVm{ V{H$mhr d{im _m`m _ZmV Km{iV amhmV AmoU ]mh{a [S>`mgmR>rYS>[S>V amhmV. H$odVm AmoU oMH$bm `mM V{ o_lU AgV. [U_m`m H$odVm _m`m oMmodf`r ZgVmV AmoU _mPr oMgwXm _m`mH$odVmodf`r AgV ZmhrV. oM AmoU H$odVm Am[m[`m OmJrdV[U{ ApVdmV AgVmV. m oMmZm aJm`m H$odVm qH$dmaJH$m` hUVm {Bb. m H$odVm C\y$VodMmamMm C\y$VCma

Amh{V; oboh`m[yduM `mMr oH$`m [war Pmb{br AgV{.''^mH$a hmS>{Mm qMVZerb Vdem{YH$ d^md `m`m

H$bmH$Vt_ { `$ hm{Vm{. `m`m H$odVm_ { Jm_OrdZm`mbm{H$[a[am {VmV I`m [U hmS>{Z{ `mM{ d$[ [mbQy>Z `mZm doH$Ame` oXb{bm AgVm{. h{M `m`m oMm_ {hr KS>VmZm AmT>iV{;`m`m oMmV Vm{ Jm{bH$, dVwi, oH$m{U AmoU o]Xw AemgmaI{_ybmH$ma dm[aVm{. V AmoU [a[amdbo]d Aemgma`mgH$[Zmgwm `m`m oMH$Vt_ { AmT>iVmV.

X` AmoU _Z `mM{ [a[amdbo]d A_yVAmoU dVw$[`m`m [a[amdb]Zm`m $[mV H$Q> hm{V{. `mMm OwZm Jmd h{ EH$A_yVOJ Amh{ AmoU [wZdgZ Pmb{`m YaUJVmMr Zdr dVr mA_yVOw`m Jmdm`m OJme{Omar _mS>b{br dVwpWVr Amh{.

- gmVmZ amS>naO(_yi BJOr b{Imd$Z gj{[)


6/124

AZwH$_oUH$m [mZ H .

a{ ImQ>Z 10 -111 Jmd 122 ]m S>mMr drU 13

3 ZXrM{ ^m` 144 Z Xr 185 gy MH$ 196 oedrJmi 207 ]R>H$sV 218 ]K{ 219 oXb 2210 dmQ> 22

11 Xw H$mi 2312 Jw U gm{ Z 2413 [m{Wr 2514 AdWm-`dWm 2615 hadb{ `m gH$mir 2916 mWZm 3017 H$m{ ir 3118 MmdQ> H$mdm 3219 WJmam 3320 _mi 3321 _r H$m ? H$m Jm 3422 A JmB 3523 A oZ_{eZ o\$_ 3624 Am[w br ZOa 3625 _mUy g 37

26 AmH$S>{ ^mfm oMh 3827 ^mQ> 3828 I{ i 3929 ^S>dm H$mi 4030 Wm{S>g 4031 ^mdi 4132 gJV 4133 a{ImQ>Z 42

34 Agm{ 4335 [mWW 4336 CZmS> 4437 Vy [mohbr _r X{oIbr 45


7/124

38 \w $b]hma 4539 H$miJm{ a 4740 Jmd JmU 4941 Vw Q>bm Jmd 5042 gmj 51

43 Mm H$ 5244 dJ 5445 _mgm 5546 gm_m` 5547 amdS>r ZmH$m 5648 amJr 5749 CXmg CVa S>r 5750 dmUr 58

51 Q>m{UJm 5952 ZmZm Vhm 5953 amJVm oXdg 6054 EH$bH$m| S>m 6155 Xm{hr OJmMm g ]Y 6256 Ag{b Am{ T> Va ! 6457 AYma{ H$mbH$_U 6558 em{Y 66

59 ]mB 6760 ]mB Vy! 7061 ]mBM Am{ P 7162 Zdg 7263 ^m{J 7464 Jm{ d`m 7665 _miU 7766 H$ma^marU 7867 oVam{YmMr gH$[Zm 7968 [XamMr mfm 8069 Ag ` AS>MUr Vimbm 8270 Im] 8371 ^mdZm 8472 eX H$mdm 8673 \$bUmar gmdbr 89

74 EImmMm aVm 9075 H$mi{ [i 9276 M_m{ h 9377 H$mhr H$maU 93


8/124

78 H$mir H$m{ ar [mQ>r 9479 [mbQ> 9580 gdmb Odm] 9581 AS>MUtMm _{ imdm 9682 J ra 96

83 XJS> 9784 \$m{S>UrMm A XmO 9785 eX H$g{ 9786 ggma 9887 Am_ U 9988 [mOiUma V{O 9989 _hmZw dmM{ Vmam JU 10090 $[ 10091 d [mH$ 10192 AW AmoU dmW 10193 gma{ 10294 _r 10395 dmg 10496 OJU{ 10597 ey` 105

98 dKmV 10599 Jw XJwXr 106100 R>J 106101 BN>m 106102 ]mi-H$mi 107103 $[m Va 107104 AmR>dUr 107105 EH${ H$ 108

106 AdKS> 109107 JmS>mMm Hw$m 109108 g_ag 110109 gmaJ 110110 ]m{ cK{dS>m 111111 md 111112 _mg_ 112113 d{Q>Z oM[Q 113

a{ ImQ>Z{ 114-12 _Zm{JV 122


9/124

]wS>mbm Jmd,

Jmd ]wS>mbm


10/124


11/124


12/124

1 Jmd

dS>dS>mM PmS>, [ma`mMr Xm{ar, bQ>H$br [m{a, \$mQ>br XaKaKamM Xma, AmT>mda ^ma, amohbr _mUg, AmQ>m{[b{ ggmaJmdJmdmMm Jm{Vmdim, JUmMr [Mm`V, AmS>m{embm dVr, ^am{emM

^mS>dbX{D$iX{dmM X{D$i, X{`mMm Zdg, ^mdmMm XJS>, ^$sMr ^mZJS>d{ed{erMm XadmOm, _hmamMr AS>dUr, Wm]dbr damV, [mQ>bmMr ]m{idUremim

emi{Mr B_maV, mWZ{`m Am{ir, JoUVmMm Vmg, _mVamMr N>S>r_XmZ_XmZmda I{i, V_membm [i, dmOb KwJ$, ]mBbm ]KZXrZXrMm S>m{h, Vm[Vr dmiy, dmH$S> dmiU, MT>Vm KmQ>MmdS>rMmdS>rM V$, [MmM{ \{$Q>{, _mS>rbm _mS>r, Vm|S>mM gwI

XwH$mZXwH$mZmMm dmUr, V{bH$Q> T>mH$U, e|JXmUm Jwi, dmT>Vr T>{aPmS>_wOmM R>mU, ]{bmM [mZ, [M_rMm YmJm, gdmUrMr AmUaVma`mMm [mhUm, _mh{amMm _whmir, CS>Vm H$mdim, ZdIm S>m{im

odhrae{VmV odhra, _m{Q>{M [mUr, ohad e{V, o[H$bm _im[{dhbrM [{d, Ym`mMm gmR>m, [|T>m`mMr byQ>, wOJmMr amIU


13/124

dmS>mdmS>mM Xma, H$m{`mMm Q>m{UJm, [ImbrM [mUr, [mQ>brUrMmd [mH$[ma

[mamMm H$R>S>m, dS>mMr gmdbr, JmdJwS>mM ]gU, Kw]S>mM bQ>H$U

2 ]mS>mMr drU

g_wmM Vm[b [mUrT>J[mdgm`m [S>`m Ymam

_wgigwVmZ gmYibm dJAm{bmqM]dhmimZ dT>mib [mUrCVma_w`m`m dm$imV Jm{_y

[yaZmJmZ H$mT>bm \$UmJm$S>r_wJgmZ amIb ]mide]mBZ CS>dbm [XaKaXmO

[m{amZ dmOdbr [wJr]miH$UdmOdVm n]Z_ { hr drUC`m ]mS>mMr]mBAmVm [Xa CS>d

g_m{a [mbm[mMm{imJmOam`m oha`mJma [w`mWH$br [m{a dmOdyZ dmOdyZ


14/124

3 ZXrM{ ^m`

hm Agm ZmJS>m ZXrZmXm`m Vmbmda gwa Y$Z MmbUmam

VmS>d Z`mda pWaA`Wm [m` Xw_Sy>Z adW _XrargwXar AJ h{ gwXargmJ _r ZmJS>mH$s [mS>b{bm CKS>m {Um`m ^modH$mgmR>rCJmM Jm{Q>mZm [eH$$Z^mdZm M{VmdV{ ]g`m]g`moVH$S>{ q[S> BH$S>{ gm|S>_ { _mH$S>{`gdgmjr _r ZmJS>m_r OarbmVyVmnabm

_r _XZVy_marbm]mU AdKmVr_r ZmJS>mVygm{dim_r ]m`mVyMid`mhm H$m_mJhr_r I{irVyMmir_r Zm_rVyH$m_rm oZ`_rgwmMm

gwgMmbZmMm _mJoh_dfmdmVrb [m`dmQ>mMmKw_Q>mH$ma dmVy`m oVdoZV dmVmdaUmMmJmdHw$gm]mh{arb _`Vr oZ_m`mMmZm_Yrb e{dmir XJS>r CVmamMm


15/124

oha`m amZm`m [m`Xir _m{hH$ \w$bmMmâ _`mhr`m Jwb_m{hm{ar a`mMm[R>mamdarb XyaXya [gab{`m dQ>djmMm\w$bm`m Xadir _m{hH$ mgmMm

\$i]mJm`m gmpdH$ _mXH$agmMmCgm`m H$m[Um`m [m`mMmH{$ir`m bm|]H$iUm`m H$_i bJamMm_àmr aJr]{aJr Z`ZmXmZr Kw_b{`md{er]mh{arb V_mem`m \$S>mVrbZmMUmaUr`m Vmbmda YmdUmamZmJS>m ZXr

_X_V MmbV J{bmImmMm CMdQ>mhmbdV _mOdV g miV_m{hH$_mXH$_m{hZ

_XZWm]m Wm]mH$m` H{$bm XJmm MJr ZXrZ{H$mhr ZmhrVw_M{ {W{M h{H$mhr ]mhr

Vm{ A dhmVm{` Aa]WmZmVPwOr K{Vm{` wam{[mV^` ]ZVm{` Amo\$H{$VH$i[mV gm_rb hm{Vm{` A_{naH{$VCYiVm{` JmS>m Am[`mgm{]VPwb AJmda K{Vm{`

R>mU _mSy>Z gm_m{am OmVm{`hiyhm{D$Z \$idy bmJbmÒm{V KmbyZ diyKmVbm`]gbm _hmX{dmMm Xmam


16/124

CYim`bm IS>m{]mMm JmS>mWm]a{ h{ gma{ ]mh{aM{AmVm gmam JmdZXrbm [H$S>m`bm oZKmbm`

hmVmV H$mgam H$mR>m^mbm ]a`mH$mhr Xw$Z Mm]yH$ CS>dVhmVmV [hm`m Amh{VoS>dMm`bmhm [m{iVm{ gwi

hm hiy`mMr ZmiAm[U H$m[yMVr [wZdrbm{hmamZ{ Mm[ Vm[dbrgwVmamZ{ H$m{T>Ur Vmgbr

_mJmZ{ Xm{a H$gb_hmamZ{ gZJ dmOdbMm mamZ AmgwS> \$Q>H$mdbmYZJamZ{ Km|JS> [gabm gJ`m Ymd[irV[mQ>bmMm ZmJS>m ZXr]hOZmZr [mbWm [mS>bm

dm`mZ{ V{b Mm{ibgm{ZmamZ{ ]mir KmVbrH$m{`mZ [mUr AmUbYm{`mZ{ YwdyZ H$mT>bmhm`mZ{ e{[Q>r ^mYabrhm ZmJS>m ZXr Oarbm_hmX{dm`m Xmar [mS>rbmAm`m]m`m {Vr ZXrbm [wOVrAgbr O]aXVr OZmbm Zmhr YmVr]hOZmZr ZmJS>m ZXr


17/124

e{VmV Om{`mbm ]mYyZ H$m_mbm bmdbmm gJ`mV ]m_Um`m dmQ>mbmZXrMr Am` AmbrXwYm`m Yma{Mr

XwY o[D$Z ]m_Um`m ]mpXH$V{bmH$gXma JmdamZ Vw[mMm dmg {D$ bmJbm]m_UmZ{ X{dimH$S>{ OmD$Z Xaam{OZXrM{ XeZ `m`bm gwdmV H{$br]m_UmM{, ZXrM{ _Xram`m XmarEH$ d{Ji ZmV OwibhiyM ZXr`m Jm{Q>m MmM[yZ ]m_U odMmaVm{

XwIV Va Zmhr Zm ?hUVm{ H$gm_r ZXrPmbm{ ]Xrm Xmarhr q[S>

Pmbr fS>m _oXaro\$ad hmVH$a Ao^f{H$H$Yr XwYrH$Yr _Yr_m`m _mWr

\w$b{ dhmVrJmd gmWrVygmjrm JmdamZ Ao^f{H$mMm


18/124

4ZXr

Xm{am[mgyZ XyaMm`m[mgyZ AbJXya S>m|JamdaEH$ OZmda

R>mU _mSy>Z ]gbHw$Ur hU{ ZXrHw$Ur hU{ [m{iHw$Um`m Vm|S>mbmAmh{ H$m Ami ?Hw$Ur hU{ MXrHw$Ur hU{ \$Xr

Hw$Um`m Zm_mZmAmh{ H$m ]XrHw$Ur JmB JmUrHw$Ur gmJ{ H$hmUrHw$Um`m CgdmbmAmh{ H$m hr _m{[Ur

Hw$Ur _ma{ \$Q>H{$Hw$Ur X{BMQ>H{$Hw$Um`m A`mMmambmAmh{ H$m ]Q>H{$Xm{am[mgyZ XyaMm`m[mgyZ AbJ]am BW{ Wm{a

Hw$Ur H$mhr H$m ]m{b ]m{b{gW adW {W{ Mmb{


19/124

5 gyMH$

_bm EH$ $[H$ gwMbdamZr Vmb YabmeX amJ{V C { amohb{_Z CJmM qYJmUm KmbV ]gb

]wY`m`m VmQ>mg_m{aM Hw$cmi Km{irV o_Q>`m _m$ bmJbeXm`m Ymd[irV `_H$ AS>H$bdamMm Vm{am \$maM MT>bm H$m`m[>rVXm{hr Km{S>r YmdV ]gbr JmS>mMrWm[qbJmm O{V Hw$ JmS>m_mJyZ Z`mgm{]VeXm`m MT>mAm{T>rV H$m{Q>r Pmbr {fmda

gJ J ZJ XJ X{dJmS>m. JmS>mMr Om{S>r Ym{S>r$[H$mM Hw$ `_H$mMr Om{S>r{fmMm _hmX{d `mZr CYibm JmS>mH$mJXm`m _XmZmdaJJ__AZwmgmZ{ Yabm Vmb VwUVw`mMm

dm`m`m ZH$iV Jm Jm `_H$mZm Zm ZmMybmJbr _wair KwJam`m ZmXmZC[_{Mm [Xa Y$ZZmXmdb{ IS>m{]m hgm{]m _hmX{dbJamMr gmIir Vm{S>VmZmgXmZXmMm {iH$m{Q>hmigmBMm CXm{CXm{

]m{bmBMm ]m{ ]m{ ]m{ ]m{


20/124

6 oedrJmi

_r Vgm ZmJS>m ZXrZmXm`m Vmbmda ZmMUmamZmX]hmMr Q>mir bmdyZ MmbUmam H$mi

hr Aer ^m|Ji ^dmZr^mS>Um`m Vmbmda Om{a YaUmarMT>`mH$_mMr AmOH$mbMr _hmJmB

V{ Vg{ ^m{i gm]^m]S>m gohV{M{ C[H$V}bm{H$_Vm`m am`mVrb odMmaH$V}

Vm{ Vgm gm|S>m JU[Vrdmgm`m Am{T>rZ gm|S> hbdUmam`m[m`m`m ]mOmamVrb ^md

hm Agm H$mZ\$Q>m H$moZ\$ZmW

[{Q>rVrb _VmMr o^H$ _mJUmamgYrgmYyamOH$maUr Om{JS>m

Amhr Aer _H$Q> CS>Vr dmZa{dm`m`m H$bmZ{ C>mU H$aUmarH$marM{ hm{H$mar _m{`mVrb `mg[rR>mg_m{aM{ {jH$

VyAgm gm|`m ZmaXH$emM{hr ]Y Zgb{bmT>m|Jr gm`dmXr odMmagaUrVrb dmVmhma


21/124

7 ]R>H$sV

_r obheH$Vm{ H$m !Jm|Y`m`m g]imVrb eX h`m ]R>H$s !

ZmMVmZm Yabm Vmb ^dmZrZ{ ZmJdmS>\$S>mda Wm[ [S>VmZmKwJamZr ZmXdbMdMmb MmbVmZm [mXrZVwUVw`mZ EH$ma Yabr [S>`m _mg_mV^S>`m`m _\$br gOVmZm Jw`mdaQ>mim`m JOamVrb Y_H$sZ{ odR>m{]m hmXabm

EH$mXer $I_m``m gm{]VrbmC^m amhrbm Jw[My[ odQ>{darIoOar`m R>{`mbm hmigmBZr o_R>r _mabrAmUIr EH$ ]`m ^mibrXwg`m R>{`m`m XU`mbmIS>m{]mMm Km{S>m gmdabm [wT>`m R>{`mbm

nd`mMr Vma VwQ>br VUmUU XMH$br gadVrY$m X{D$Z hUV{ H$er XwJ}bm]mBH{$dT>m hm XV gm_m{ar hm{ Ambm

7 ]K{

CVaUr`m JV}V JwVbm

JaH$m ImD$Z ImbrdadaImbr [mV`m YwS>rVZOa o\$adV gamdamKer [S>bm _`mdaMmH$m`m, [mam`m, _XmZm`mO{`mbm qOH$`mMr Am{T>]wS>`mbm H$mS>rMm AmYmaVw_MrAm_Mr ]`mMr JXuMmW`m`m XJS>mda ]gyZHw$[Zm`m Vma{da ]gyZ


22/124

9oXb

]{bmMr [mZ VrZVm{S>br Va \$ma

dmohbr Va H$m` ?Og VwP _mP K{U X{UH$m{U`m Var Ow`m g]YmMOwS>`m [m`mMVm{S>`m [mZmMH$m` g]Y VwPm _mPm Vgm ?H$mhr Amh{ ! EH$m XJS>mMm

AZEH$m ]{bmMmAm{T> Hw$R>br ? H$m{U`m Am{bm`mMr ?Om{S> Hw$R>br ? VrZ [mZmMr ?]{b, Mm\$m, [mS>i, Am[mQ>mOm i, am_\$i, ogVm\$i, Am]mH$h{ar, qeXmS>, $B

Km`[mV, e{a, VhmQ>rH$m{a[mS> gm]aAmXr[mXrbm OJdbr OJbgmXr[mXrbm Jimbr [mZPmS> [S>b dZ [S>bH$mi XS>bm yV oXgb_r obohbr VrZ eXmMr H$odVm

X{`m`m `mOm[m`r^mJ^mS>db oeH$ ]mH$sgaUmMm oR>H$mUm[ V

10 dmQ>

CVmam`m a`mZ{ [iV gwQ>bm{dmh`m Yma{Z{ [m{hV J{bm{ZmH$m`m e|S>md$Z amJdV J{bm{eXmeXm`m AmKm{ir


23/124

Am|OirZ{ H$aV J{bm{]m{Q>m`m OdiH$rZ{Am{it`m _mim bT>V J{bm{hair \w$bmMm eJma

_m{hZ_mimMr bJS>H$mir [m{V, [mM_UrXm{Z dmQ>m H$m`m [m{VrV]m{ha_mi gmIa[wS>mbmOm{S>dr dOaQ>rH$ Om{S> Amh{amdaH$mZ o[im`bm AJR>r[aVrbm eXmMr lmdU[mQ>r

Jm{S> Jwi[w`mZr âb{brCam`m MT>mZ{ Mmbbm{ dmQ>H$m{gi`m YmamZr YwVbr dmQ>

11 XwH$mi

_hmX{dm`m q[S>mMr Jm{Mr Pmbr[mdgm`m`m gw$dmVr XwH$mir AdS>]amZ{gwdmogZr`m âb{`m KS>mZ{_oXa{ ^$Z H$mT>br Am{V[m{VJm^mam gmam J âbm[mUr [màrda dmhbmJb[mUr mJUm`m q^Vrbm o^S>b

_Z gmar [m`mJV [mVi Pmbr[mD$g [ma [iyZ J{bmT>J gma{ dmhZ J{b{_mUg gmar JiyZ J{brX{d gmam oÔyZ H$mT>bm`m{oZqbJ [m`mV ]yS>dyZgd[mdgmMr dmQ>V [hmV ]gb{gm]mZ{ ^m{i{[UmZ{ Amd gm{S>mdmAZ gwdmogZrM{ KS>{ âmd`mM{ Wm]dmd{e{VmZm [mD$g o_i{Zm


24/124

bm{H$mZm A o_i{Zmgma{ XmUmXmU Pmb{bm{H$ [m`dmQ> MmbybmJb{[mdbmZm Oo_ZrMr yH$

gdgmS>{VrZ hmV Kgab{1+1-2+2-4+4-8+8-16_moU` j{\$i [mdbmJoUH$ odVmab{_mUgmMm _wgiYma dfmd

{JmS>b{`m e{Vmda AmXibmZmZ AJrH$Mab bS>`m [_mU[mgohVEZ-Am{.gr.M{ H$mJXr OVyAJmda K{V

12 JwU gm{Z

JwUm`m gm{`m _ZmJmBbr JmUr, Jm{`m`m Om`mda[m{Vr dmhrbr

_Um_UmMrhmVmImmdaPwH$br H$]aAdOS>CKS>m S>m{imH$mZmV ]m{imMjy[jr

CS>V{ dmZaYmdVm Km{S>m]R>m ZXr]agVr Jma[oh`m Yma{MrH$m[bm ]H$amIwS>br H$m|]S>rPm{S>[bm ZmJPm{H$mibm ]m{H$mH$m|]S>m ImUmam


25/124

]mYb Hw$qe[S>b [{Q>m{bH$m{bmQ>b JmT>dPmS>`m bmWm

_mVrer B_mZ

13 [m{Wr

gm` gH$[Zmda ^miyZgmZ MT>bm _m`mdaCbJS>m`bm [m{`mMr JR>S>r

JS>mV [S>Vm, AYm`m _mS>rVH$mO`mMr [amV CS>mbrAdH$mer [oh`m JR>S>rd$ZYyi CR>dVmZm H$mZmH$m{[`mVA` X{Im`m`m AmamIS>ma{IV J{bm gV OZmV

^a`m gmO{`m H$sVZmVOZ Q>mi Hw$Qy> bmJb{ Vmb Y$Z>bB>bB>bB>b B>b B>b

AmdmOmMr bha ZmXmbm _m{hZAdVmar A J JmdybmJbr[mamda, X{dim`m mJUmV

[m{`m hmVr Y$Z gmZgVm`m [m`m [Sy> bmJbmAWmM{ Km{Q>mi{ H$aVKam`m _mS>mM{ AmH$S>{ _m{OV_mS>r`m [m``m KgaV[mSw>aJ [mSw>aJ [mSw>aJ [mSw>aJ

[m{`m CbJS>`m, V{d`m g_B`m CO{S>mVo[T>rOmV O_mIMmM{ AmH$S>{S>m{Ja CVaVmZm H$OmM{


26/124

`mOm`m \$mgmZm ]ir [S>b{[m{WrMm Amd AmUyZ[a[amJV Jmem JwS>mibm_hmOZm`m Km{i`mV

AmadVm H$m|]S>m, _mS>rMr oIS>H$s CKS>brH$sVZmhZ [aVb{`m Km{i`mH$S>{ [mhmV[m{`mMm T>rJ aMbmAmJUmV H$S>m`m`m Jma`mVTw>JU e{H$V gW_hVm`m H$[Z{Z{ ]h$ZX{Im`m`m Amdm`mVrb AmamIS>m

gy`m{X`mH$S>{ Vm|S>, hmV Ym{Vambmgm{Jm Im{dbm H$_a{bmQ>mim`m ZmXmZ{ Q>mir Hw$Q>br_XJm`m R>{`mZ{ [m` CR>b{bhar`m YwZrZ{ JwUJwUbmod>b $I_m` od>b $I_m` od>b $I_m`

14 AdWm-`dWm

EH$Xm H$m AdWm`m Wam_ { M{[bm{H$s _J EImm gwS>rVrb [|T>r qH$dm[|T>rVrb EImX VmQ>AmS>_wR>m`m hmVmVb

AmS>d C Pm{S>b{b_iUrV \{$H$b{bAdmVd VwS>od`mbm[whm Xwg`m `dWm`m amer`mM{ Wa Xm`mXm`mZr C^mab{b{_w`m`m [mR>rdagmXrgwXrVrb o]im`m Vm|S>mdaH$UJr`m ]m{`mV AS>H$b{b{ XmU{Om`mV ^aS>b{ OmVmVH$UrM [rR> hm{B[ V


27/124

[whm `dWm`m MmdS>r aM`m OmVmVMm{[S>b{`m M[m`m`mhmVmda _idb{`m ^mH$`m`mbmQ>`mZr bmQ>b{`m [m{`m`m

P[mQ>b{`m jUmMm _Xm _iV[gmXm`m a`mMm JamVw[mMr gbJr AZgmIa{`m Jm{S>r Km{iVg`Zmam`UmMr [wOm Jm{S> H{$br OmV{AdW{Mm Wa aMVmZm,Z`m `dW{`m [m`m^aUr g_`rd`mMr dmQ>Mmb

d` oZKyZ J{bd`m]am{]a J` H{$br J{brAm`m J{`mMr H$a_UyH$ Pmbr]`mZr d` AJmda K{Vb]m`mMr h`J` Pmbr]S>rM ]Q>U

Ym{VamMm H$mgm{Q>m]m`m`m d`m]am{]a]mim{]m hm{D$Z]miamdmMm ]mimgmh{]H$gm]gm JmR>r gmd$ bmJbmOgmOgm ]b JmS>mbm Ow[bmbm] [`m`m OyVmV ]gbm

Ym[m Q>mH$V YmdV amohbm[m` _waSy>Z [mbWm [S>bm_mJyZ Amb{b d` AJmhZ J{bd` oZKyZ J{b JmdMAmVm e Vr [YmmMm aJ[mbQ>bm gma{ aJ CYib{H$Zhmgda oMQ>Hy$Z ]gb{Cgdm_hm{gdmM{O{`m{M{oM aJrV aJybmJbr


28/124

d`m]am{]a `mM{ [m{V]Xbb{ gX^m`m AZwfJmZ{d` dmT>V H$s H$_r hm{Vh{ `mH$aUH$mamZm gm{[dU{ `m{`

qH$dm JoUVkmZmd` _m oZKyZ OmV Amh{S>m{`mg_m{$Z oXrH$m Hw$Vw]o_ZmaAmJ{H$m VmO_hmb]]BH$m amUr]mJm`m gm{]V _m`m N>]H$S>m`m AYm`m VmO_hmbmZ{ [moh`m

CM Hw$Vw]o_ZmamZ{ dmHy$Z X{oI`m]]BZ{ AZw d`md` H$g MmbV OmV\w$Q>[mWd$Z oZgaS>m $imd$Z[mdgm`m`m [m`mV H$_a{^a o^OVoZgaS>m oO`md$Z Kg$Z

H$]aS> _m{Sy>Z K{VAYm`m Mmir`m [m``m MT>VmZmd` H$g ]m{bH$ Pmb]m{b`m ]mh`mJV ZmMybmJbm H$mJXm`m [Q>mJUmdahVyVyH$]>r AmQ>m[mQ>mXmSy> bmJb Jmd`m Jm{mJV

gamdam YmdmYmddmT>`m d`mMr gJVdmT>V J{br og_ma{fm[mad` CS>V J{b od_mZmVyZXyaXya Amdm`m]mh{aM{Amim{`mo[im{`mZ{ OIS>bJ{b d` m eXm`mgmJmS>mV AS>IiV AS>H$Vgm miV d` oZKyZ J{bg_O`mC_O`m`m AmV


29/124

15 hadb{cr gH$mi

[whm [whm _mJ{ diyZ [hmd{ hQ>b Vaemi{M{ aV{ [m`mZ{ dmhrb{

WJmam H$$Z emim ]wS>odbr_XmZ hbr [{d wV[m`m`m gm{]V `mZW ]gb{_mPm ]m{bH$m ]mhbm H$$Z_mJ{ [iyZ [hmd{ hQ>b VagdgwJS>mgm\$KamXmamd$Z ZmJa

AmVm Hw$R>{ gmdH$mar ?gaH$mar oZd{XZmMr bmQ>gdKaXma g[mQ>_mUg [whm [whm]m[S>m ^mdZm`m Amhmar OmVmVoI oI _ZmZr ey` ey` hm{V

gJi Zd Z`m ZdarJVJmd gOdyZ hmVmV oXb__ VgVgw[marda [mUr gm{S>mJmR>r ]mY`m [mR>rda JmR>m{S>rZmR>mim`m H$mR>m gm{grVoeim o_gi[md [Mdbm[mUr o[D$Z T>{H$a oXbm ImUmdir`m XmamV

Xm{Z ^mH$`m EH$ dmQ>r H$T>rMr_wR>â ^mV Xm{Z Vm]{ [m`mM{a`mda Am`mda [mg [emVS>PZâ H{$ir â[ya `mhmargmR>remi{M{ gdJS>r aS>V ]gb{ \w$\$mQ>mVTw>JUmda oR>Jim`m MSS>m Am{T>yZ[mdgmV [m{Vr [mKabr S>m{H$ oÔyZ { hUyZVa XamVrb gddm dmhr`moZ`m aJm`m AmH$memV]mS>XmUm`m Am{`mZ{ ImX{ PwH$b{


30/124

oMIbmMr a]S>r Km{Q>mZm oMH$Q>brXbXbr`m _XmZmV [mdgmZ{ Pm{S>bm o[H$bmAm]mOm im`m PmS>mImbr [gabm JmbrMm

gH$miMm Vm|S> Yw`mAJm{XaMm ZmVmmbmM Va ]hma hUV hm{Vm{H$mb amr Jw`m`m J[mVm Aem hadb{`m gH$miXwamdb{b{ aV{ ]wS>m`m JmdmM{.

16 mWZm

eHw$ZmMr gmO COibr emiyoXdgmV[mQ>mda oM a{ImQ>br gy`m}X`mMr [m{amZrAm[`m oMH$b{`m VmgmV _mVa XJgy`mMr oH$aU a{ImQ>VmZm [m{at`m [mQ>rdaoH$aUmMr Ja_r _mVam`m ]m{Q>mV CVabr

ImS>H$Z[m{am`m Wm{]mS>rV [mM ]m{Q> C_Q>brJoUVmMm ohem{] H$aVmZm [mM JwoUb{ Xm{ZXhm dmOb{ AZemi{Mr mWZm gw$ Pmbr^maV _mPm X{e Amh{gma{ ^maVr` _mP{ ]mYd Amh{VdX{ _mVa_Vmgm`m JV}V JwVb{ _mVa [Jmam`moXdgmMr dmQ> [hmV [m{a ghm_mhr`m[naj{Mr V`mar H$$ bmJbr oV_mhrZVadfmZVa df} Am{br_mVaUrZVa _mVa J{b{[m{a AmfmT>r H$moVH$s H$aV ]gb{demM{ oXd{ COib{ oH$ {H$m`m Xmar

\$m`ZbMm naPQ> E{Hy$Z[m{a BJOr emi{V OmD$Z ]gbr woZ\$m_`m BVar KS>m g^miV


31/124

[r.Q>r.`m VmgmV MSS>m AmIwS> Pm`mAZ H{$g Q>m{[r]mh{a CSy> bmJb{gmH$oVH$ H$m H$_m`m amr[m{a oedmOr Z{VmOr Pmbr X{emMr

oXd{ COib{ gmO{M{ _`amr [hmQ>{[ VCJd`m oXdgmMr [hmQ> gmO{`m oX`mZ{H$moeV H{$br eHw$Zm`m Cf:H$mbr[m{a _oQ>H$ [mg Pmb BJOrgho\$oOg, _g, H{$o_Q>r Y$Zamr OmJyZ oXdg [mohb{oXdgm obhZ _mH$ o_iodb{

gmO{M{ oXd{ [mOi`mdareHw$ZmMr _mi _mibr CdarVdmZw mdm`m JV}V AS>H$`mgmR>rew H$am{Vr H$`mU_Amam{`_YZg[XmhUm _wbmZm{

17 H$m{ir

EH$m H$m{`mZ Omi odUbAm[`m Am w`mM[naH$_m`m MH$mV ]gyZOrdZmVm`m Am{T>rZ{ gmJVm H$aVmZm

Xwg`m H$m{`mZ Omi \{$H$bOrdZH$_m`m C[hmgmMr C^maUr H$aVm H$aVmodam{Ym^mgm`m MS> S>m{hmVH$m{`mZ H$m{`mMm AWH$Q> H{$bmH$mbH$_Um`m MH$mVeX VS>\$S>V ]gb{ AZ{H$m`m VmQ>mV[$s`m dmT>`mZ{ VmQ> ^a^$Z dmT>brH$aUmMr, m$Zm`m [mdird$Z[mUr dhmdV J{b gXJwUmM


32/124

18 MmdQ> H$mdm

h{ oOU CU CUCZ CZ [mUr

ohdmir gH$miMPwi Pwi PamXw[maMm ChmimoM_UrMr AKm{iherS>m{hmVbr_mgmZVaMr \$im\$iCU CU JwUJwUU

CJm CJm MwaMwaUPwaU _m{amM]mBVwP [m{a [imbAm`m`m dZmVH$dim H$`m Vm{S>m`bm[m{ar`m oP[`m Am{T>m`bm

gmJ `mbm Wm]m`bmAm]{dZ ChmV _m{hab{[m{a dZmV CYmS>b{[m{ar [m{ar VwPm PJmdm`mZ{ H$m J CS>Vm{ CJm ?Vm|S> g mi [m{amCJm o_adyZH$m{ Vwam

Vw`m AmBbm gmJbAm_`m Am`m`m H$`mVw`m [m{{amZ Vm{S>`mWm] Wm] [m{ar Vwbm[{[aq_Q>Mr X{Vm{ Jm{ir {dT>r H$m Pmbr ]mdirAm[U I{iyPm{H$m Pm{irH$mhr ZH$m{ VwP Mm{am_m`m H$arda VwPm S>m{imhmS> hmS> hUVm{ Vwbm


33/124

CJm H$embm Km{iVm{ bm|S>mEH$g> ]mg> gXm oedmEH$ [m{a H$aV MmdQ> H$mdm

19 WJmam

amKyZr ]ma Pm{S>bm dZmVH$`m o_aMrgd{ Pm|]`m dZ^m{OZmVAm]m Mm{IyZ \{$H$bm amBV g_mBH$mZr^mOyZ Im`m H$m{`m bmJdS>r`m oXdgmVVra Vra I{ibr PaPa MT>br [m{a

am` YmdV [iV K{Vbr ChmVoe[m`mZr CS>m K{V`m MaH$mV IXH$mVJm{bJm{bmV Vra [idbm Vm{`mV [m{amMmCS>`m amZmZ{ amKy[aVb{ Zmhr H$YrAZZmhr CVabr MT>`m Yma{Mr ZXr[wamZr Am]amBMr H$$Z Q>mH$br _iB[m{ambm H$m H$Yr am` g^miVm Amb{ ?WJm`mZ{ Am]{dZ S>m{hmV gm_mdb{_iBda [m`mM{ Wa MT>b{ H$m`_H$m{`m`m Om`mV Vra AS>H$b{ [m{amM{JmdH$ar gamBV AmO ImVmV [m{ir _mgir

20 _mi

H$i H$`m CKS>m _mimdaH$`m`m _mi`m _mim]mi ]m`m g`m [mQ>`mKmV`m gJ`m ]mi Jm{[mim]mi _mimda gar[mQ>brb{dyZ gdJS>mgJVr

gm{]Vr`m J[m Pm{Sy> bmJbmgm{]VrMr PmS> ZmXmZ ]habrAm^mimMm Amd Y$Z [jr P{[mdb{


34/124

]hmam`m Xm`mda Q>[ybmJb{Q>[`m`m I{imV gJVrXJbr ]hma Pmb{XJS>m`m Ymam oR>U`m

]agybmJ`m JdVmda\$mm [jm`m d`mZ{ dmH$`mEH$_{H$mda Kmg`mdm`m`m Pm{H$mZ{ h{bmd`m_mi ^a _`mhr Vm[ybmJbm_mi _`amr OiyKmVbmH$id`m`m _mim

[S>`m dU`m`m Jimgm{]V ]hma PS>bm [mIam`mQ>[`m XUmU`m H$S>mH$[margm{]V JdVmV h$Z J{brH$S>H$ gw`m [m`m`m Yma{Z{]mi Jm{[mi a$]]mi

S>md CYibm gJVrMmoXdg _mdibm AmOMm

21 _r H$m ? H$m Jm

_r ! _r ? `md `mdJmdm`m d{erda

AmS>`m OmUm`m _mOamMrgmV [mdb{ [aV MmbgJ`m A[eHw$ZmMrH$m ! H$m ? H$md H$md

wH{$`m [m{Q>mVrb q[S>m`mH$md`mMr oed`mMr KmB_Vm`m Am_dmgmVZ [aVUm`m oR>H$mUmdaH$m ! H$m ? H$mH$mCmam`m CVaS>r CV$Z


35/124

haEH$ _S>`mV S>m{H$mdyZ[hm`mV oH$V[V V`O`m`m MmbrnaVr_mWr _m$Z [m{`mMr [mZ{CbJS>U{ `m{` H$s A`m{` ?h`m mMm CX mdH$m{U`mhr AJmZ{ oedbmVa Jm{_wmMr CYiUodQ>mib{`m dmVmdaUmVJm Jm JmU{gJ`m AdW AdWmM{

H$md H$md H$aV`md `md E{H$V

22 AJmB

_Z \w$bV{ \w$bmg__wbm`_ H$`m`m Am|OirV_Y_mer [wH{$ea dmam\ wb dhmdb{ gam^am

_Z \w$JV{ \w$`mgdQ>_mQ>_, a]am`m AmV_yb ]mi I{i I{ir

EH$ Q>mMUr Q>MH$Z Q>m{Mr

_Z \w$bV{ S>m`m ^m{[imQ>UQ>U CS>V OmBdmKm{]mMr ZOa H$mirhmVmarMr [mVi [m{ir

\y$b \w$bV{ \w$Jm \w$Q>Vm{]mi aS>V{ hmVmar hgV{_Y_mer`m Mm`mZ{ dmKm{]mhdm ImV [iV gwQ>Vm{


36/124

23 AoZ_{eZ o\$_

Wm{S>g {_ Agmd Am w`mVJS>X N>Q>mZm COi H$a`mBV[V

T>Jm`m [mR>r XS>b{bm Jm{imna`m Pmb{`m KmJar AmS>H$m`mH$o^ AdS>]amVgm{Z{ar H$S>mMr Pmba bQ>H$dVm{S>m{`mg_m{aM{ ZmQ> g[V{^`m[hmarEH$ Am{i CS>V J{brAm^mimV BH$Sy>Z oVH$S>{dgVm`m gwJYmMm gwJmdm K{VdaImbr ImbrdaAm{i[wT>{_mJ{, _mJ{[wT>{AmH$ma Wm{S>{

A_yV, A[>,Yyga oZi{oIS>H$sEH$ ogda [S>Xm`mda Xm{Z o_oZQ>mMr AoZ_{eZ o\$_CS>`m jUH$mb >m`mMr PJ_J

24 Am[wbr ZOa

Am[wbr ZOaAmH$mem o^S>mdrgmdbr [mS>mdr_wImda, Om{S>m{Zr

Xm{hr H$aCS>Vm [jrodhJ Vm{ S>m{`mV


37/124

`mM{ $[ `mZr_Zr [Vr $[r[amVr OmU{Jm{Hw$i gm{di{

dmQ>Vg{m gJ`m JVrAoVam{Ym`m _VrJwJr AmUVmV _wJr`m [mdbmZ{_VH$m`m Jm^m`mVWm] !_mWr _maVm{ AJmam[ohb{ ZV_VH$, XS>dV

[m`YaUr _ZH$aUrV{d`m [U`m`m CO{S>mVgdgmjr Amdmam OJmV

25 _mUyg

X{d Jm^m`m`m X{hm`mV_mUg X{dim`m [Q>mJUmV_mUgm _mUgmV X{d_mUygMJr Jr XJr OJX r

[a. [amMm Za [amdb]rMT>dr X{dm`m $[mda gm{Z{MmXr

Yar [mbIrMm XS> ImXrKm|JS>r H$m|JmS>r gm|Jr T>m|Jr

Jwbmb CYiyZ ]w$m S>m{`mVH$mR>r em]yV gm[ J`mV_mUyg X{d hm{Vm X{d_mUygCKS>m ZmJS>m ^mdS>m PdmS>m


38/124

26 AmH$S>{^mfm oMh

AmH$S>{ Oam dmH$S>{ Pmb{H$mH$S>r`m e{VmV OmD$Z

o_R>m _m$ bmJb{

ey` Wm{S>{ A` Pmb{^m{[`m`m e{VmV OmD$Z]R>H$m KmbyZ ]gb{

Aja{ Oam gmja Pmbr

H$ma`m`m _S>[mV OmD$ZPm{H$miybmJbr

oMh{ H$mhr _m` Pmbre{Vm`m ]mYmdaH$maU H$$Z XJS> Pmbr

^mfm Oam Imer PmbrAmT>mV ]m{byZH$m{Q>m H$$ bmJbr

27 ^mQ>

AQ>mVQ>m AmQ>m[mQ>mgagQ>m dadQ>mJm{bJm{Q>m CIi[mQ>adadm Jm{Q>m Mm[^mQ> ^m{gS>rMr ^dmZr _m{H$mQ>Ym|S>mMm _mam gmS> gwgmQ>Amir_ir Vir ^ar_ir_ir hmV Mm{irOiVir JJm nJirJimJir gm[ Amdir


39/124

gm{gmQ>mMm A\$mQ> \w$\$mQ>m_hmX{dmM{ oVaH$g VmS>dgigi [im[iYagm{S> H$mR>r Am[Q>hmV Om{S> [m`m [S>hmVM gm{S>> YmdV Pm{S>gmQ> gmXrMm ZmJ ZmJdQ>dmdYmZmMr ZmJdr dmdQ>igJVrMr odgJV JVJVH$mbm`m R>{`mMr [VAmR>dUr Pm{H$md`m ]ha`m PmS>mImbr

_mi ^S>Hy$ bmJbm g`mharAm^mimMm Amdma YwamZ{ Hw$X _miH$id`m`m H$`m oZ_m` oZdiohdm`m gH$mir Xyada ]mi_mi Chmir g`mH$mirah`_` [m y_rMm [``H$mar

28 I{i

oP_m \w$JS>r ZmJS>rgm{Sy>Z gmar bwJS>rHw$]S>r bmdyZ H$]S>rAmQ>m [mQ>m gai gm{Q>m

hmVr K{D$Z _mWr _mamS>mdH$`m`m, JS>r amIyZJwr XS>m b]m MmS>mhmVr [H$S>m Am[bm bmS>mgmaJ[mUr XmUmXmUrgwa[ma`m CKS>]`mJm{Q>m _m$Z Am]m

JrV [mS>m hmVMm amIyZPmS> PmS>yAmSy> _mSy>VmS> Vm{Sy> H$mS>r _m{Sy>


40/124

dmTy> dmTy> EH$ VwH$S>mH$odV{`m Om{hmambm

29 ^S>dm H$mi

H$d`m _Zm`m [mH$`m IwS>`mHw$`m dmQ>mS>mZ{ {Vm OmVm^a ]mJ{`m _`mdagmJ AmVm ]hma Hw$R>da[naUm_r m dgVmV[mH$`mMr o[[mUr dmOdyZAmZX bwQ>V J{bm ^S>dm H$mi^mdS> _Z aS>V ]gbgm{Z{ar oH$aUm`m H$memVoha`m ]mYmdaH$m{`m _Zm`m gm{di gmZmgmJ ! H$m{UVm amJ JmBbm

m o[[mUrda bm{ yZ

30 Wm{S>g

Wm{S>g ]{aS>Wm{S>g {H$S>]mS> YmdV dmdYmZ

H$mhrg ZmOyH$H$mhrg gmOyH$gm{di gwJaUr ^m{OZ

Oamg Z{Q>H$

Oamg \$mQ>H$oP[a Xoi H$maQ>


41/124

31 ^mdi

H$m{d`m H$mH$S>rMr Jm{S>r[m{ar Vw`m Am{R>mMr Am{T>gmJ EdT>m H$m _r Pmbm{Am{bm Am{bm gm{d`mVgmdbr AYmabr gm_mdbm{AW$UmV JmT> oZOmdbm{Am{R>m`m ZmXr Am{R>mdbm{AYmam`m gJ{ ZmXmdbm{H$moeV gw^mVr \w$aU{ MT>bm{

AmZoXV ChmogV gwhmogV p_Vmdbm{Xdq]Xy`m Xm`md$Z MmbV J{bm{oh_dfmdm`m WamImbr ohadi WamabrCUV{`m H$[Z{Z{ ]hmabrAW$UmVrb o_R>r`m C_{Z{ ^mdbr^mdi o]N>m`mVrb YS>[S>r_mJrbV{OmiV emV gwImdbr

32 gJV

_m`m AdKS>b{`m oXdgm`m gm{]`mH$m{U`m na`mPm`m VmbmV AS>H$bmgda bmdyZ AV`mV ]gbmg dmQ>V

m gwJr`m oXdgmV ]m{b]m{b m `mbrIwembrM{ ]m{b, MmbMmb hr ZI`mMr Rw>_H$ Mmb, JmJm JmU{ CS>`m MmbrM{gJ`m amJm`m _\$br gOdCS>`m Mmbr`m V]H$S>r Jm`mZVaAV`mV AS>H$ ZmhrVa `mbmV amJS>m hm{

AdKS>b{`m oXdgm`m gm{]`maJd q^Vr [m{Mr`mgm{]V [m{V K{IadS>Um`m Km`mi _ZmM{, AdW AdWmM{


42/124

AdKS>b{`m oXdgmMr gJV aJrV H$aZmdS>Um`m _mUgm`m [m y_rda]m{bmZm aJmMm _i, aJmZm damM{ gmO MT>deXmZm K{D$Z Wm{S>m ZmM hmVmdam MX_mWir, gm{]`m`m gm|JmS>m $[m]m{b ]m{b, Mmb Mmb, Jm Jm]m{b Mmb Jm Jd`m, gd`rM{ ]m{bXdS>b{`m oXdgmmm yV ZmMZmM hm Vmb Jw_mMm, ZmM Jm ]m{b MmbZmM Jm ]m{b Mmb VmbmV, Vm{`mVAdKSy>Z ]gyZH$m{ oXdgmT>d`m

gmd`m I{i I{i Q>[`mMm ZmX Ky_d KQ>mMmhm{irMm CYi aJ Am^mimVgmdab{`m oXdgm`m gm{]`mbm gJV

33 a{ImQ>Z

Am[b{ [m` Am[`mM J`mVAS>Hy$Z N>mZg EH$ a{ImQ>Z_w$ hVmZ{Am[`mM [m`m [Sy>Z AmoedmXXm{hr H$amMm S>m{`mV Q>[br _m$ZhVmXm{bZ hmVmM{ hmVH$S>m AS>H$`mdaJmbmdaMr _mer N>]r_ { [mhZ

CS>dbr lr_wImV _m$Z Am[`mAm[U Am[b{ amO{ H$a dgyb H$aUma{oXdgmMm O_mIMgm miVmZmAW$UmV Am[bm gJ Am[`m hmVrgmar dZ{ ^`m [hmQ>rWH$bm hmV S>m{`mImbr K{D$Z]m{Q>{ Vm|S>mV KmbyZ

Amdam Amdam gm{hi{ gmdamAm[bm AmJR>m Vm|S>mV ]m{im]mim ]mim H$gbm Mmim


43/124

34 Agm{!

gy`mZ{ Am[`m H$membmodga`mZVa A_md {`m AYmam]b

]m{b`mgmaI{ mZVa amohb{M H$m` ?_mUgmZ{ Am[`m H$_m]b odga`mdaAS>MUr`m oXdgm]b odMmaH$a`mgmaI{ H$m oXdg AmVm ?Amb{bm gJ, pWVr WmZ.m]b odMmaM ZH$m{H$m_ H$aV amhU{ AZAmbm oXdg

H$m_r bmdU{ mC[a Cab{M H$m` ?I`mVa m EH$mVm`m d{im \$ma\$ma Odi`m hm{D$Z OmVmVAgm{[ oboh`mgmaI{ H$YrH$Yr odMma _ZmV Km{iVmV

Aemhr d{im^a _mUgm`m_ { had`m H$mimV

35 [mWW

oH$ {H$ ZH$m{ Agb{`mJm{>tMm odMma Am[[ V

hm{V amhrbm mV d{iXdS>U{ hm hr EH$ N>X_X _X jUmMmeH$mHw$eH$m`m AmS>amZmVAS>Hy$Z [m` WH$VmV_{`mgmaI{ eara AJXrH$S>H$ bmH$S>m[aOJb{ AS>MUrMr [ma H$$Z {W[ V MmbV Ambm{[wT>{ oH$Vr MmbV Om`M{


44/124


45/124

37 Vy[mohbr _r X{oIbr

Vy[mohbr _r X{oIbrm ]hmMr Zmi

Vyeo_br _r Zo_bmm gJmMmVybmOar gmOar_r Jm{Oa JmOaaJ [S>bm Agmm g_mJ_mMm]m{br Mmbr H$mir

hr amV ] oMH$mamMrAmdmam`m AdH$memV]YZmV hmVmVgKmV EH$_{H$m`mAW$UmV [hmQ>{`mAmVm OmJ Ambr

oXdgmMrCO{S> S>m{`mV oeabmAm[`m ZmJS>{[UmMm

38 \w$b]hma

bmb Jm{`m aJm`m

H$_i\w$bm H$m{d`m ChmVEdT>m H$m C_bbm gH$mirCf:H$mbMm gwJY XadirVMmXr`m H$aS>mVrb Hw$H$dmCYi VwPm Jwbmb^a [mbIr`m ZmMmVgwdmogZr`m H$[mimdab{nP_mMm I{i I{im damVr`m amrAZoYS>`mMr Vir ^a


46/124

m Zd`m [hmQ>{o[d`m w`m aJm`mgy \w$bm EdT>m H$m bmObmm oXdgmhar

AJmdaMr hiX AOyZYwVbr J{br ZmhrVyhiXr`m AJmMr ]mB

yV]mYm hm{Bb [m{arZ`m ZdarMr ZOa H$mT>m]mBbm ohadm Kmbm MwS>mohad bwJS> d{S>]mJS>[m{a Ag gm{Z gmoOaS>hmir`m _mS>dmImbr Om{S>mgm{S>m AmVm ]b Om{`mVbmH$m{d`m _Zm`m gm{ZH$_imXaS>r`m XJS>mImbr EdT>m H$m gwVH$dS>mdaVr ^S>H$

ohadr OwS>r _{WrMr AZH$ma`mMr Idb IaSy>ZVm|S> H$S>dQ> H{$b_w`mMr ^mOr gJVrm gm{ZH{$ir`m [mZmdahmV YwdyZ _m{H$im[mdi gm{ZH{$irMr^bmdU gm{ZH$_imMr[oh`m amrZVa`m oXdgmgmJ H$m` CbmKmb PmbrH$bd`m`m Km{i`mV[mdirdaM O{dU O{d`mda


47/124

39 H$miJm{a

EH$ _Z H$m{a YwV`m VmXimJVVmXyi EdT>m H$m{am[m`mV oeOyZ \w$JbmH$m{a{[UmMr [{O

`m`bm EH$ _mOMT>bm gdgmO]S>odb{ ]S>{ ]mOgm|JmT>m|JmM{YwVb _Z oeOb _ZhU AmVm q[S>mMm Jm{imm AVmMm AV

_Z AmVm _VmMr gmjH$mim H$mdim oeObm VmXyiH$mimM hUodbmEdT>{ Jm{i{ ImD$ZJm{am H$m Zmhr Pmbm?YwV`m _Zm[ar

EH$ _Z H$mi CJi`m H$m{iemJVH$m{igm EdT>m H$mimAmJrV ^mOyZ [m{ibmH$mi{[UmMr amI\$mgbr EH$m X{hmX{h H$m{igm Pmbm

Om{Jr Om{J Om{Jbmggmar CVbm `dhmar _mVbmA J gJ Pm{[bm


48/124

ohadirda OJbm _gUmVH$md`mgJ{ q[S>rqXS>r gJ{ qhS>rImBH$mhr ]mhr.

_Z EdT> _m{H$i dhm`m [m`mJVdmhmV dhmV J{b R>m{H$iO__aUm`m \{$`mVrbobm{H$mV Ambm{H$bm{H$mV ]m{b]mbm_m{H$i _Z YmdV amohbAS>IiV R>{MmiV Am{a]mS>Va$mib Km`mibgJ_m`m VramdapWamdb _hmoedamreXmM gwVH$ \{$S>`mbmVmXyi oeOyZ \w$bbm

amI \$mgyZ MmbbmX{h H$m{igm PmbmH$mdim {D$Z ]gbmH$m{igm CJmiyZ H$mOi PmbmS>m{im gOdyZ em{o^V H{$bm[mUr dmhZ AlyPmb{Ymam bmJyZ JJm dmohbr_Z _$Z oVaS>r oZKmbrR>m{H$i OmiyZ H$m{igm H{$bmVmXyi oeOdyZ q[S>mda R>{db{H$mdim oedyZ CSy>Z J{bm


49/124

40 Jmd JmU

Jmdm a{ Jmdm Vw`m ZmdmH$mhr eX dmhmdm

Vw`m EH$mVmMm S>m{hJVr`m [dmhmV dmhrbmJmdm a{ Jmdm H$m` H$$ Ymdmgmam [mQ> [m`mZ{ dmhmdmVw`m [igmMr PmS>{ [mZ{gma{ Pmb{ [m`m AYrZ

VyVimbm _mUg{ _`mbm_r XmUmXmUJmdm a{ Jmdm, gaH$maZ{ H{$bm H$mdmJmdH$`mZr [m`mV ZhmdmXeoH$ {`m q[S>mbm H$mdim oed`mdae{Vr J{br Ka J{bdmg{ amohb{ Ka C^mam`bm

YaU Yabr g^m Pm`mbmR>r_ma Imm AlyYya gwQ>bmb{Pr_ I{ib{ Jwbmb CYibmQ>H$ Amb{ [wT>mar _mJyZ^mfU hm{D$Z Zmai \w$Q>b{]wbS>m{Pa {D$Z ]mYma{ KmVb{

_mUg bmdyZ YaU ]mYb{H$mQ>Q> X{D$Z [mQ>`mH{$`mog_|Q> dmhZ bH$Z{ odH$b{gmh{] hm{D$Z Q>m{`m KmV`mH$maHy$Z hm{D$Z bmM K{Vbr[mUr AS>dyZ WJma{ gmR>db{[mD$g Ambm YaU ^ab{

PS>[m Im{iyZ [mUr gm{S>b{[mUr dmhZ [mQ> \w$Q>b{Jmd CR>dyZ Jm{ImS>rV ]gdb{


50/124

ghbr Am`m AM]m H{$bmm{O{Q> g[yZ ]X`m Pm`m]{H$mar dmT>dyZ Vimbm [m{hm{Mb{YaU Pmb [mUr gmR>b_Z JmaR>br Jmd CR>bEH$mMr Xm{Z VrZmM{ V{amJmdmMr _mUg gamdamX{dmMr o_amg Xm{hr XmamX{dmM{ dmQ>[ _hmmamJmdH$s J{br JmdHw$gmZ [mUr AmbJmdm a{ Jmdm H$m` H$amdm Ymdm

X{dimM{ H$ig [igmMr [mZ{_X dm`m`m PwiH{$Z{ bmQ>{da h{bH$mdbr[mQ>bmM ]{U `m JmdmM X{UhUyZ H$m h{ gma JmdJmU

41 VwQ>bm Jmd

\$mQ>bm X{e, dmQ>b am`, VwQ>bm JmdC`m AmS>`m OmoUdmZr OwVb{broVa`m V{T>m ^mdZmZr odUb{bramJmbm{ mMr Ii bmdyZH$S>H$ H{$c{cr Q>m{[r \{$Q>m [JS>rgbdma Hw$S>Vm Ym{Va bwJS>r

Ja_ H$m{iemZ{ [m{iyZ K{Vb{ BVar]mh{aKm_mKy_ ^a a`mdadmMm _mam g^miV_mPm H$gm [m[S> PmbmVS>m VS>m \$m{S>bm `mharbm\w$Q>V J{bm Vgm Hw$Q>w]mVgw[marMm H$S>H$[Um

XmVmV AS>H$cr Or^H$mZmMm R>UR>U[mihmVm{S>m`m R>m{`mZ{


51/124

EH$mM{ [mM Xm{ZmM{ MmadmQ>bm J{bm ]m[ b{H$mVOgm \$mQ>bm X{e, dmQ>b am`, VwQ>bm Jmd.

42 gmj

_mUgmbm _mUgmMr bmJU AgmdrYwaYa OZgm_m`mV YS> OJ`mg]mS>Jwim`m AdbmXr [m{gU]ham`m Am]amBV OS> OmV Amh{gdm`m OI_m YwdyZ o]]d{ Mm{im`M{ hmVmZ{

C[a`mZ{ AJ PmH$m`M{_XVrMm hmV [wT>{ H$$ZS>m{i{ oX[dm`M{ MH$mH$Um`m_m`mOmim`m V]H$S>rZ{`dWm`m _hmbmVgm{`m gmJ H$m{U`m ]mOmamVyZ^md K{D$Z Ambmg Vm|S>Ker [mS>`mgm `m`m`m [maS>rVrb gmZmbmgmJ ! gmJ !! AmVm J[ H$m ?m ]mV`m`m MmH$mVdV_mZmMm _Wim hm{D$ZAJS>]] ZmJS>m AmKm{irVm`mM{ KJmi AZo[Vi{Mm Vm`m

m`m gm{]V gy Z_H$maYm{VamMm H$mgm{Q>m AmdiyZ[wa{ Pmb{ AmVm h{ gm|J, gmJgm J AmVm _wH$m H$m Pmbmg ?]md`m`m Pmd`m H$m [mKa`m gmd`m ?gdgmjr Vym hmUm_marMm [S>mAmS>m `m`mb`mV gJi{ ZJ{

Hw$`m gH$mir Jw`mJm{qdXmZ{ZmXUm`m gdVrXmVr`m PmH$UmAmS> [mVi Pmb{br emB


52/124

mV ]wS>Umam oZ\$mgm{]VMm Q>mH$H$maHy$Z IaS>rV OmVm{ `m`mYremMm AmX{eAa{ AmVm Var gmJ, gmJ. XmZH$aXmZH$`m`m \$merMm gX{e

obhKmVbm dV_mZm`m _Wir[whm [whm gH$mir COmSy> bmJ`mod am`m gdVm{_wIr

43 MmH$

gm_mdb{`m l_m`m

^a`m KmJaroXdgm`m H$mbH$_UmVodlmVr`m [m``mda ]gVMmH$m`m oXe{Z{Mmar oXem EH$EH$m q]Xyda C`m

Ag`m Zg`m OJm`mEH$Ord hm{Um`mAZMm\{$a CYiUm`mAmV ]mh{a hm{Um`mMmH$m{Zm`m j{\$imV[d{eUmamMma oXdg MVH$m{amV dmQy>Z

EH$ oXdg H$m{Zmbm dmhVMmbV amohbm MmH$magm_mdb{`m l_m`m KmJar dmhVMmH$ ^mab{bm _Vab{bmMma OUm`m ahmS>m`m gmjrMma MmKmMm Jm|YirXmhroXemMm aIdmbmYwirMm Jm$S>r_mVrMm Hw$^mao[Mo[M o[MH$m`m


53/124

CS>`m MmH$m{arZ{oViJwi dmQ>b{Jm{S>Jm{S> ]m{bb{ MmH$mV^a`m g^m H$m H$`m`m^S>H$bm Ar hm{irMmMaH$br OZVm g_`mMrH$mVr`m a$mZ{Zmd{ oJadbr Z{`mMrMmH$m`m ZmdmZ{Jmdm{Jmd MmH$mVyZ Mmbbm{gm_mdb{`m l_m`m KmJar Am{VV

EH$ XbXbrMm X{eAmOCm`m ImmdaKmJar na`m l_m`m `mVdmT>Um`m dQ>djm`m[ma`mZr Pm{H$miUmamAbJX H$[Zm`m JwJrZ{\w$amdbm P{[mdbmgH$[ZmMr OJb{ OJdVgwH$mim`m [mR>rdal_mMm Km_ oJiVH$_mH$_mZ{ OJb{ dmT>brXbXb dmT>brXUXUrV dj \$m{\$mdb{

MmH$mM{ j{\$iMm\{$a dmTy> bmJb{MmH$mV H$mQ>N>mQ> hm`bm [mohO{ ![aVw l_ gm_mdV Amh{VKmJarda XJS> _mamXbXbrMm oMIb oMdQ> PmbmAmJ bmdm

hm ! hm ! `mda KmJar ^mOmHw$^mamMm hmV H$m[yZ H$mT>mH$mi o\$aV Amh{


54/124

bm{T>U KmbyZ Wm]dm"Wm]dyZ Va [hm ^m{gS>r`mZm{H$m[`mMr ^mfm H$aVm 'OJb H$m[br Oo_Zr`m oOdmda_m Jm$S>mMm I{i [hmV ]gbmWaH$V Amh{ Zm AmVm ZOa !o\$abr Zm EH$XmMr !gaH$bm MmH$mMm VioXdgm`m gmjrZ{XeH$m`m MT>mAm{T>rVl_m`m na`m KmJar

[whm ^a`mgmR>r

44 dJ

dJAm[U [mohbm Zmhr`m`m gwIm`m H$[Zm aJdV amhrbm{gwIm`m gmdbrV_JOimM [mUr [rV_mUg hihiV ]gbr_miamZmdaXw:Im`m J[m _maV`mMr Jm` Jm wS>brmMm ]b WH$bm

e{Om`m`m H$m|]S>mZH$ha _mOdbm IwamS>mVH$m|]S>r IwS>yH$ Pmbr]mB]m{S>H$s Pmbr[m{aJ CKS> [S>b[m{arbm [Xa Ambm]m{H$S> ]m{bmBbm gm{S>bm

gmH$S> b_rbm KmVbdJAm[U [mohbm Zmhr _m_m{Q>ma Yyi CYiV J{br


55/124

_JOim`m [m`mda_m{Q>mar_mJZ [m{a YmdV J{brJmdmV ZmMZmarU Ambr`mhmarMr _mUg

JS>mV [S>Vm KamV AmbrdJm`m J[m JS>m`m gmdbrJVbm]V J{`m _miamZmVyZAW$Um`m KS>m CbJS>V]m`m [m{a Pm{[r J{br[m`mMr Mmhb Z bmJVm\$S>mMm aVm [H$S>bm ]m`mZr

45 _mgm

H$Vdm`m _mJmdarb [mWW^mdZm[YmZ gH$Vr`mPwb`m [wbmd$Z H$m{gibm

gadVr`m dmhmVrb _mgmgaUm`m AmJrda ^mObmXmnam`m [$s Jm|YimVCS>V YS>[S>V [H$S>bmVmQ>mV dmTy>Z MdrZ{ MKibmH$odV{da bm{ yZ ^mdZmdegaUm`m AmJrda OiyZ H$mbde

46 gm_m`

C H$am`M gm_m`EH$m g^dmVyZ g _m`mgJm_ qOH$V Om`M{gJohV E{pN>H$ AZw dmM{gm_moOH$ ]YZm`m VQ>mdaKm{S>r CYim`Mr bJm_ gm{Sy>Z


56/124

ZOam Vbdmar`m MH$mH$`mYma{da R>{dm``m V{O [mOiVmZmH$aJir H$m[yZdohV Wm[Z{Mm CX`

m g o_V g_`mMmgm_m` H$m oQ>H$br H$mim`m O]S>mVyZ ?CJmM _Z gw[mEdT> H$$Zgm_m`mda gmdbr [gamd`mMrZH$m{ Agb{`mZm Am[b hUm`MAZOdiM gm{Sy>Z Xya Om`MamIUXmar H$aVmZm

47 amdS>r ZmH$m

Am_`m dmV`m`m H$[ZmA[_Vm`m [{Q>m`mV H$m|]`m]h_Vm`m gm_m`mV

ehm`m H$embm H$aVm{ ]hmUmdhmUm hmVmV K{D$Z MmbbmH$mQ>m $V{ Hw$Umbm hUVAmVqH$H$m`m H$m{d`m _Zm`mdmV` Z g_O`m`m AJm{Xagmdim hm{ ]mdimYa S>m{H$ _m{`m`m oR>H$mUr hmVmV

o\$ad ZOa Zm`m`m Q>m{H$mdaMmbbr [m{ a ZQ>H$ _Q>H$ o\$adbr ZOa oVaH$r oVa[rAmVm [hm ey`mVZm`mdaMr [mdb{ Xya OmVmZm dmV`m`m H$[Z{Z{

MX{ar MmXa [mKabr^a a`m`m amdS>r Zm`mda


57/124

48 amJr

H$m`m H$mVimda`m _wJ`mK{ Mmdm qdMdm`m ZmJrZ{

_m`m _mS>rbmhm{D$ X{ OmJr AdmVd g]YmVKm{i Kmb _mi{V \w$bm`m_mid [mZ{ ohadr bmbo[d`m Jwbm]r Jmbm`mJwbH$X M{h`m`m _mg_r ]hmamda[mdgm`m [oh`m Yma{ZVa

dfmdUm`m [mUYm`mdhmd _wJ`mbm H$mVimd$Z[m`m`m Am{KmV JQ>mJ`mg]YaohV gwaojV Ao^OmVdhmdUm`m emZm X{ JrV{AZwamJm`m H$[Z{Z{

Jm JmU{ JwUmM{ Jm{qdXmdfmdUm`m Yma{`m AmdmOmM{]hmad _mg_ JmV_m`m X{emVda Kw_w X{ Am_mM{ A_mZmVgma{ YwX m [hmS>r X{emVCJm H$m amJ amJr _XmZmV g {Mmm Cf:H$mbr

49 CXmg CVaS>r

CXmg CVaS>r CmwJm`m[VJmMr H$Ur [mVi PmbrYmd`m dmgmV _Z Wmn[VAdIib{`m jU[im`mYmd[irV gm[S>bm [VJVm{S>rV J{bm [mV`m hiydmaH$UIa dm`m`m PwiyH$rV


58/124

CXma CVaS>r CmwJm`mMT>V J{`m AmT>mdar_m{S>m`m Xm]mZ{ Xw Jbr _S>H$s_S>`m]mh{a Pm{H$mi`m Pmd`m

KS>m`m Am{`mZ{ dmH$br H{$io[M`m AmdmOmZ{ hmXabr CVaS>_mOm{`m amZmZ{ Yabm Om{aCXmg CVmamZ{ Am{Kibm _iCmwJ oeIam`m g^m{dVmbr

50 dmUr

Hw$`m Jw`m dm`mM{ [{dâb{ e|JXm`mZ{Jyi Im{]a{ gmIa [{aUrX{drMr Zdg âUrXwH$mZ JwXm_ H$aUr

H$maUm `m CXmhaUmMr[m _m[ KJmiV{b Vy[ S>mbS>mA]ra H$m[ya JwbmbXmU{ JmU{ Zm`mM{Xa CYma Im`mM{dmT>`m _hmJmBoXdergw[mar MwZm V]mIyhmV _iH$m _m{bH$`mMmobQ>a _rQ>a e{aâXyY Xhr dQ>mdaH$[S>mbmm T>{ardaHw$Ur JwUr dmUr

Jw``m Jm{qdXmZ{ ZmXbm


59/124

51 Q>m{UJm

O_mbm {VmV oH$Vr g^dmVyZZH$m{ AgUm`m OiyH$miyPmS>mbm [mUr Kmb`mMr _wi{ OiycmJbr ]K[mZmMm aJ CSy> bmJbmAm`m [Sy> bmJ`m \$mmdaQ>[mQ>[ W|]mMm [mUdmam_m{hdVm{ m _JOim`m [R>mamdagmdbr o_i{b Q>[m{`m MmX`mV

oH$boH$`m CO{S>mMr [ga MmXaCembm [m`mMm _Q>H$m[ga AmVm h{ eara am{dmam{dmM{{g dmVyZ O_b{`m _|XyVrb Oi`mA`Wm gJ hm{Vrb Ad`dhmV [g$Z Vm|S> PmHy$Z K{[m` AmISy>Z [mJim hm{[mi`mMm Pm{H$m K{`mgmR>rXw[ma`m oXdmdZmMr ]hmaoXd{bmJUr`m g_`m[ VgwVmdb{bm Q>m{UJm`mharMr ^mH$ar ImD$Z

52 ZmZm Vhm

Hw$Um`m _m`mdaVr H$mR>m_m$ZgwJ_ gJrVm`m bharAZmag H$R>m`m Am{KmVyZ Am{gS>md`m`m !YmaYma AmdmOm`m Yma{daVr C { ahmdV{

_wgiYma [mdgm`m dfmdmVPwiPwiUm`m Am{KmMm YZyAm{gS>Um`m ]hamV.


60/124

BVH$m H$m VmU ?]mU AJw>m`m VUmdm]mh{aH$R>mVyZ Am{KiUmam da,VmH$XrMr Am{T>mVmU

]mdar gm_m{arVmH$XrMr VmUmVmUH$R> XmQ>Vm{ da \$mQ>Vm{, Car ]Zmi_hmX{dm`m q[S>r Xmam{Xmagm\$ hUyZ _mUyg ]S>dbm[jr hUyZ J$S> [H$S>bmCS>Vm{ hUyZ q[O`mV H$m|S>bm

[m{i hUyZ Ir H{$bmXmg hUyZ eaU J{bmJmdm `dhmam`m ZmZm VhmemaX{`m oOhm H$m{Ur ZmMVr VamVam]m_UmMr gm|J{ Y$Z _wIm]mda{ Pmb{ ^S>d{, ]ad{ !

Ymd a{ ! Ymd a{ ! Ymd a{ !gaJ_ gwJ_ gJrVmMm ^md a{ !H$mR>m gm{gyZ H$R> XmQy>Z^mdm`m Aod^mdmdagmd a{ ! hm{D$ ZH$m{g ]mda{ !_wgiYma Aly`m dfmdmV

53 amJVm oXdg

amJmbm{ mM{ YmJ{Xm{a{oXdgm`m YmXbrVH$Yr _Yr gb]mYm`m JdVmdaeara Q>mH$b{ dmiV[m`mMm JiyZ [S>bm dmimMmim H$aVm H$aVmbm^mMm Mm{a bm{^


61/124

Ymdb{ H$_mZr Am{bmSy>ZAo^bmf{Mm dO\$S>H$V ]gbm d{erdaAhH$mam`m JmT>dr bmWm]g`m N>mVrV\w$\w$g{ Yyi Am{H$brXw[ma`m ChmVd_m`m oR>H$mUrR>m{H{$ MwH$b{ X`mM{hmV ]gb{ S>m{H{$ Y$Z\$m{bmM{ _m{b _m{OV

oXdg amJV J{bmamJmbm{ mMrYwUr dmidV

54 EH$bH$m|S>m

EH$bH$m|S>m Ym|S>mJm|S>m`m I{imV gm_rb Pmbmbm{iV Km{iV I{iV J{bmg_mBH$m`m _iUrV[m`r VwS>dbm _mOm{ar Zd`m [m{im`mI`m`m CH$b`m Y[`m ohdm`m gH$mire{UmMr gmadU H$$Z

gwJaU `mharMr ^mH$ar Wm[ybmJbrI`mV _`mVCh Vm[ybmJbr V`mVEH$bH$m|S>m OmD$Z ]gbm VimVemVH$aUr _ZYaUr [m`mYaUrgwJaUr AmU ^mH$ar `mharMrdmT> MQ>Ur bgUmMr

JwimMm H$mbm AZohadm IS>mVm[`m Chm`m Pi`m ]wS>`m oXdgm`m g_`roXd{bmdUr Yw[ [mOiUr Ii{ amIUr


62/124

EH$bH$m|S>m gd`rgmOUr ^mOUrMr ^mH$aroeOd gmO harH$m{[rV dmQ> [mhVm{ Ii{ amIUrVXw[ma`m Ym[{ Q>mH$sV mgmMrX_N>mH$ Pmbr Ym|S>m`m R>{MrZ{^i^im dmhVmV [m`mM{ Vid{[moU_{`m oH$aUmd$Zohdm`m amrEH$bH$m|S>m Ym|S>m Cembm K{D$ZPm{[r OmVm{ Ii{ amIrV

_`m`m _`dVu

55 Xm{hr OJmMm g]Y

m Xm{hr OJmMm H$mhrEH$g]Y H$m Amh{ ?C[a`m`m VwH$S>mZ{ Tw>JU PmH$U{AZ_wR>rZ{ oH$Zmam CKS>m [mS>U{[m{am AmVm ZmJS>m ZmMyZ H$m[mD$g Wm]{b m AVamV !AdWm CKS>m H$$Z OmVmVVm{H$S>m C[a`m`m Ym`mZm Am{b{Am{b{qM] oWOb{b h{ _Z

oZWiV hiyema H$m{d`m ChmVgH$mi`m ZmZmZVaCUVm H$$Z gm{S>V{ CbmKmbXm{hr hmV O{hm Om{S>Vm{ Am[b{gy Z_H$mambm emV _ZmMm XmhAmV MwbrV ^mH$arbm [m[wS>m {Vm{H$mJXm`m Vm{bmMm AZ

eX `mda H$mi{ hm{VmVodVdmbm oMH$Q>`mdam Xm{hr OJmMm g]Y


63/124

dmT>V OmVm{ oH$Zm`mdaodYr CaH$VmZm a{VrdaOJ AmH$mab{ OmV{ZH$m{ Ag`m gr_mM{_wR>r AmdiyZ H$m a{VrMm XJS> H$aUma ?hOmam{dfmZVa AmoH$AmbmoOQ>bm gmH$S>{ZmhrVa A`mgmbm AmYmaMmbV {Vm OmVmXJS>mMr a{Vr Pmbr _mVrMm \w$\$mQ>meXm`m Am{ir Pm`m H$m`mM{ IS>_aUmMr _mUg{ Pmbr gaUm`m hVr

Zm`m`m Zm dmoh`m g_wmM ImaQ> [mUro_R>mMm [mD$g [Sy>Z gmR>bm ohadirda ]\$]\$mM{ VS>{ H$m{gib{ H$m{d`m Chm`m CUV{Z{]K OJ AmVm d{Ji]m|JmS>m g]YmM [m{amYmd m Aa{Vam|dam|dUm`m dmXim`m JV}VJmV{ ]{J_ JmU AmVmdmXi Jm{im Pmb J`mVEH$ gwa AmVyZAm{R>mda eX MmdbmOr^ XmQ>V Zmhr [wT>{AmVb AZ ]mh{aM OJ d{Ji

eXmMm H$m|S>_mam H$$Z H$m O_{b ?H$[mimda Km_ AZH$mZm`m [m`m bmbgm{S> AmVm X_AmVS>r Jm{im hm{Vrb [m{Q>mV`mb H$a OrdmMm]hma XmQ>d damMr

eXmZm S>m{hmV ZmJdH$m`m ZmJmbm YmH$a{VrdaMr `mMr oZemUr


64/124

dmXimZ{ H{$hmM [wgyZ Q>mH$br]{J_`m _\$brVAdW{M JmU E{H$b [m{am]a Pmb Tw>JUmM C[aU Am{b

hmVmbm MQ>H{$ Ja_ a{VrM{oH$Zmam Imbr Pmbm _wR>rZ{]Y OwS>b{ H$m m dmgmV ?X{ ]mJ AmVm ^`m [hmQ>{Om`mMr KaKa gw$ H$$ZXiUmMr O$ar Amh{ AmO[m[wS>m`m ^mH$ar ^mOm`bm

eX H$mi{ hm{VrbMXm{hr OJmMm g]Y bmdVmZm

56 Ag{b Am{T> Va !

H$m{`m [mZmda H$mhr Am{T>b{ Am{aImS>{

Yw`m`m YwXrZ{ ogJma{Q>r`m YwamZ{H$m` H$amdm H$mJmdm H$odV{Z{eX I{iV_{iV [Q>mJUmda J{b{AmO MH$marV V{ AS>Hy$Z ]gb{CVaUr`m Am{T>rZ{ V{ [iV gwQ>b{JmS>m CYim`Mm hQ>b Va Om{S>r hdrJm{S>m JwUm`m ]bmMr MT>Urda

_XmZ{ gm{Sy>Z MT> MT>b{CVma CV$Z Zm Am{bmS>`mdmidQ>mVrb a{VrZ{ [m` gma{ oJiyZ Q>mH$b{ZXrH$mR>`m Am{T>rZ{ YmdV ]gbr OZmdadmYr`m Mm]H$mM{ \$Q>H{$ ImV_XmZmda emBoMH$mabrEH$m H$m`m`m S>aH$mirZ{gmO gmd`mZr oJibrM C^m$Z Ambm nZb_Ur[ma`m g {`m J`mV hmV Q>mHy$Z


65/124

[m{am H$m` ]H$Vm{ Amh{g h{Ym[m Q>mH$ AZ]K ^S>`mMm ZmMAmS>dm oVS>dm Q>mH$VmV [m`gm{g AmVm h{ gJi{ gJVrM{

gm{]Vr S>mdmVyZ CRy>Z J{b{gm|JmS>mZr [ma âbm g {MmdmQ> Mmb KaMr Ag{b Am{T> Va

57 AYma{H$mbH$_U

AYm`m gmd`mZm H$m AgV{ bm]r $Xr

Xyada [gab{`m H$mOir H$memV_mJ{[wT>{ Mm{hrH$S>{ `mMm [nagaH$m`m Jwbm]mZr M_H$b{bmCS>Um`m w`mMr \$$ ÛÛm [m y_rda E{Hy$ {V{ â _àmrg]YmZm H$m AgV{ Am[`m [mVir

AdKS>b{`m Am w`m`m H$mbH$_UmVJm{Vmd`mM{ OIS>b{b{ ]Y]YZm`m gmI`m Am[`mVw[`moH$Vr Im{bda _yimZm AS>H$`mPm{[m`mMm h{bH$mdm `mdmAZ dm`mMr PwiyH$ Imdr[mV`m`m Wamd$Z MmbV OmVm {Vm

CS>Um`m w`mMr EH$bhar YyZAO AJS>]] gmdbrgmd`mMr bm]r $Xr _m{O`m`m \$XmV Z [S>Vm[mV`m`m Im{`m Z _m{OVm\$$ h{ AdW AYma{ H$mbH$_U Mmbmd{


66/124


67/124

59 ]mB

]mBJ oH$Vr AJmda`mY[`m Am{Ty>Z H$mT>m``mIa]arV[Um X{hmMmdM{Mr bJQ>gdBN>mgH$Q>gm{Sy>Z oXbr AmVmoH$Vr Ya ! oH$Vr Am{T> !hr gm{S>mgm{S> !!gm|Jm`m _{H$[Mr KmB

]mBIaS>r AmVmKm{a[S> MT>V X{hmdaKmbV{ PS>[ Amdmjmer_maV{ \$Q>H{$ H$jmVgdmg_m{a gmjmH$maAdVmam`m amJ{VEH$Q>r C^rX{dr VygdXeZr_mJWm`m a`mVH$mi gwH$miyH$[mdVZ`mZ{ g _mVn_bZm`m g_`r]mBJ mH$VmV ]m{bbm{

gH$Vm`m Am{T>rZAZmdYmZmZ, gH$mamZAmVm Pmbr gmaIrhr Am{br oMdQ> H$mir]m^irMm ZmiX{ XUH$m _ma \$Q>H$mdmH$d H$Um

_mO`m Q>m{U`mMmdidiVm dhmidmi`m [m`m`m H$S>m


68/124

Ymd`m [m`mVKimKim [mUmd`mJmS>rda dVamH$b{da Km`mi[m{am AmVm [i]mBdVmJbr Vw`mdadidmMm [mD$gS>m{`mda [Xa Am{bmoMQ>H$br Mm{ir CambmH$m`m gmd`m oda`m[ma`m T>JmV

W|] oMQ>H$b{ X{hmbmoMIb CS>{ Vm|S>mda]mBCJm ZH$m{ Ymd[iK{ AmS>m{gm gmXrbmS>m{Bda [mQ>rKmJa H$mIm{Q>r[mam{em d{ir[hmQ>{Mr bmbrbmb JmbKm{id Jwbm]_mid JOamAm{id Am{drAmid y[mir

gH$mir gH$mir[Xa Am{Ty>Zhm{ ^m|Jir^dmZrM Zmd K{D$ZAg]X AdJwUmZmS>mhiyZ gm|J H$mT> gm{byZT>[`mJV ]m^ir`m

Wm[ Jm{d`m A[eHw$Zm`mAp_Vm`m q^VrdaOmi KmbyZ Vm[d [mUr


69/124

OI_mZm Ywdm`bmAhH$mamMr bmH$S>H$m|X MwbrV`mhar`m ^mH$ar ^mOVmZmYZr [mnhZ dmQ> AmVwaV{Z{Vw`m JwUmMr JmUr_m{Q>{da JmVmZm[m{[S>{ \w$Q>b{ ^mH$arbm]mBVwP H$mirO \w$bbMQ>H{$ ]gb{ hmVmbm]mBVwP _Z [m{ib

ZH$m{ Ag`m _m{hmZJhmU R>{db{ JohZ{XmZ H{$br H$UJrY_mM O{dU KmVbY`m`m _OugmR>rgmV O_mMm \{$am o\$abrgmH$S> KmVb dS>mbmAmS>b Zmhr Hw$UmgmR>rhUyZ K{Vb ]{S>J hmVrHw$Xir`m EH$m XU`mZJJm dmhdbr Xmar]mBVy`m{JrZOm{`mMr gm|J \{$S>Umar

XmamMr MmH$Q>q^Vr`m oIS>`mMmirV`m _mS>m_mS>mMr MmiJO`m`m dmgmZIUIU IUmdbrEH$m [m`m`m XU`mZ

PmOa dmObrXmam`m MmH$Q>rVZOa Am{emibr


70/124

[oh`m AdKS>b{`mAZw dmZhmV bmJVmAdgmZ Jimb

oIS>H$sVbr ZOaJmbmV hgbrImQ>{darb g]Y MmiVmZm

60 ]mB Vy!

]mBVy[m`miy

bmOmiy_m`miy_mOmiy_mJmiy_mUyg bmKmiyEdT>m bmWmiyH{$dT>m [mKmiygwdmgr dJiy

EdT> Am{KiUH{$dT> [mKiU]mBVybmOmiy[m`miy_m`miyVwP h{ bm{iU[mKiU Am{KiUAmKi [Ki

CKS> CIi[mIS> Hw$giS>m{ig S>m{igEdT>r AmKm{iH{$dT> gm{Omi]mBVy_m`miy[m`miybmOmiyAm{KiybmJbr_m {`m _mh{argH$mi [hmar


71/124

Am[`m Xmar_m`miygmOmiygmIir Am{dmiyV{dT> gm{di

H{$i h{ H$m{di]mBVyH$m_miygm{[miyPm{[miy

61 ]mB M Am{P

]mBH$m_m`m ]m{`mZ dmH$br

[m{a _mam`m YmH$mZ _wVbr]m[{ ]m`m`m ]mOyZ{ PwH$b{[mbmV oeQ>m dmOdybmJb{Mm{a Mm{am`m a`mZ{ [imb{gmdmZ{ amdmMm Amd AmUbmJmd JUm`m AmdmOmZ{ Mmidbm

gwdmogZ MmXa [mK$Z Pm{[r J{brJmdH$ar Cgdm`m _m{hmZ{ _m{habmgm|Jm`m gmOmZ{ gObmKwJam`m AmdmOmZ{ ]mdabmJmdm]mh{a EH$ \$S> C^mabmH$dr H$bmH$ma Jm`H$ b{IH$]mB`m _mJ{ gm{bH$ar Pmb{

VwUVwU VUmUb S>\$S> ]Omdb[{Q>r gwamdbr T>m{bH$s ]S>mdbr]mBZ _mS>r Wm{[mQ>brAZ[ohbdmZ MrV Pmbm \$S>mVJU-JmiU gw$ PmbrJU OZmMm ZmMybmJbmAmVyZ H$sVZ d$Z V_membdH$a `md{ lr JU{em_m{Q>{M [mUr [mQ>mZ dmohb[m{Q>M [m{a JmdJmS>mbm Ow[b


72/124

V_mem`m \$S>mVrb e{dQ>Mr Wm[ [S>br]mBZ Am[br Am{dr Om`mda Xibr

62 Zdg

Zdgm gm`mgmMm ]miH$S>{da K{D$Z ]mBZdg \{$S>V{ Xmam{Xma o^jm _mJyZZddfu ZJarV]mBbm [m{aJ hmd hUyZ]mBZdg H$$Z ]gbr

]mB`m gm`mgmbmAmVm H$m` hUmd{ XmamZr]mBZ{ ^m{J ^m{Jb{, oXdgmamr]mBPm{[ybmJbr, gJ`mgJVr]mBbm oXdm bmdm`MmKamMm XmamMmHy$g COdm`MroXam^mdO`mMr gmgygmg`mMrgd[ma[mnaH$ CmamMr]mB_m Zdgm[m`ro^H{$bm bmJbr hm{VrZJamVrb o^H{$`m W{M{hr[WH$aU H$am`Mr [mir Ambr Amh{.

]mBMm ]mi CmdemMm oXdm [mOiUma]mB`m`m CO{S>mVAm[bm M{ham OIS> H$$Z K{UmaAmod^mdm`m [obH$S>{ Om`mgmR>rhmg A>mhmg ZdgZdg X{dmbm gmH$S>{

OZ MmbybmJb{ dmH$S>{]mBAmVm Zdgm`m]mimgmR>r EH$ Zdar em{YybmJbr


73/124

]mboddmhm`m [a[a{Vrb]mBX{dXmgt`m o^H{$M{ Am{P{ [{bV Ambr[Xa Y$Z ]mBgmgyPmbrgmgyZ [whm Zdgmgm`mgmMr

ZmVdS> [VdS> _moJVbrZdgmZ{ H$mimMr ]mJS>rhmVmV hmVH$S>mgmaIr KmVbr[m`mV Vm{S>mgmaIr AS>H$dbrXS>mV ]mOy]XmgmaIr ]mYbrJ`mV gar[mQ>`mgmaIr `m`brH$mi H$gm ]mioH$gZmgmaIm gObm

XwS> XwS> amJV amhrbmVm{ X{d hm{D$Z ]gbmO__aUm`m \{$`m[brH$S>rbZdg [a[a{JV MmbV AmbmEH$m XT> oZ`mM{ ^m|Ji $[]mB`m ZmVdS>m [VdS>mMm

dj ]habm gmam g_mOZdgmgm`gmMm oZ[Obm`mV de ]mboddmhX{dXmgr m Wm [S>`m]mBMm ZdgmMm [XagVV _mJVM amohbm[Xa gd^m{JVM amhrbm

MdMmb [Xa H$Yr S>m{`mdaVa H$Yr N>mVrda VaH$Yr Pm{irJV hmVmV`mM{ pW Va amS>{`mgwdmogZr`m erbdVr`m Hw$bdVr`mZIoeImV hm{V amohb{]mB _r Vwbm ^rH$ KmVbrAZVwPm Zdg o\$Q>bm\w$bm{\$im{ VwPm demMm oXdmAZ_mPr hr H$odVm


74/124

]mBVyd$[dmZVer Vwbm $[ \$ma

63 ^m{J

^a[ya dVyMr a{bM{b ]mOmaoIemV [emMm J>m O_mXmam Xm{hr`m _ { OIS>b{ ZmZm]mOmabm Mbm hm{ ]mOramdZmZm_m`m ]mmH$mar Ad`dm`mhmbMmbr da ZOa R>{dyZ Agb{`m

]mOma]m`S>m, ]mOma^S>d{^mdm`m ]mJS>m _mJ{ [wT>{ H$aV_r Am[bm {H$s^md K{V, ^md X{V^mdZm_` Pmbm{ hm{Vm{]mOmam`m ^ad`m_ {

]mmH$mar O_mXmaAWH$maU g^miV oIemV ]gbm^mdYmaH$ Am_H$marAmdS>r oZdS>r H$aV hm{Vm AVaJr]mOmamV K{dS>m hm{Vm ]m{bVX_S>r hm{Vr MmbV_{Wr hm{Vr VmOr

X_S>r H$aV{ _Ou|S>r hm{Vr H$dir

X_S>r Pmbr ]mdirbgyU hm{Vm R>{`mMm^md ZhVm X_S>rMmH$mXm hm{Vm [aVm`Mm^md H$aVm{ gdS>rMm]Q>mQ>m hm{Vm ZdmX_S>r hUV{ hdmo_aMr hm{Vr bdJr


75/124

X_S>r [hmV{ dmJrdmJr hm{Vr H$mQ>{arX_S>r Pmbr hmVmar^m{[im hm{ Vm ZmMV

X_S>r ]gbr Hw$OV]mOmamV JmOa dmOdV{ [wJrX_S>r Pmbr gm|JrXm{S>H$m _maVm{ YS>H$mX_S>rbm \$Q>H$mdmb H$aVr ]m{bX_S>rMm Km{i

_wim hm{Vm bm]S>m Cabm Zmhr X_S>m]mOmamV CS>rX hm{V{ H$mi{X_S>rM{ gm{di{_y J K{Vb{ oJiyZX_S>rbm o^dyZ

gIw]mBgwXam]mB ]mOmambm MbmgdmZr H{$bm H$gm _mPm hm { ZmZm]mOmamV ^mVmMr e{OX_S>rbm [{Mdmar ]mOar JhX_S>r X_S>m ^mdy_H$m Ogm Om|Yim

X_S>rgm{]V d|Yim]mOmamV ]mOma_memMm e{OmagwH$Q>rMm gmO]m|]bmbm _mOIwSw>H$ hm{Vr H$m|]S>rXSy>Z ]gbr X_S>rAmmma^mBMr AS>rH$m{gibr CVaS>r]mOma gmam o\$$Z Pmbm


76/124

^md gma{ CV$Z J{b{O_mXma gmam WHy$Z J{bmW`m gm`m \$mQy>Z J{`m_Z gma _m$Z Q>mH$boH$MZ gma ^$Z K{Vbd [mH$ gmam H$$Z PmbmZmZm O{dyZ Pm{[r J{bm.

64 Jm{d`m

]mBVw`m Jm{d`m

e{Um`m o]]S>m]mh`m _{Um`m]mBVw`m Jm{d`m e{Um`m JJm{d`m e{Um`m JJm{d`m CS>m`m Am^mirCh [S>br gH$mirJa_ Pmbr Pimir]mBK{D$Z hmVr_ir]mBVw`m Jm{d`m Oim`m JJm{d`m Oim`m JOiyZ O{dUoeOdb Vy[ H$T>dbo[R>b hmQ>b ^mH$`m e{H$md`mJm{d`m V`mbm AmJ X{D$Z OiV amoh`m

H$m{iemJV H$m`m H$Yr Pm`m ZmhrVH$mOir bmdyZ ]g`m Zmhr H$miOr`m]mBVw`m Jm{d`m JwUm`m JJm{d`m JwUm`m JJdar Jmar gm{]V gJV H$$ bmJbre{Umbm hmVmZ{ _iybmJbr]mBCUV{Z{ Miy bmJbr]mBMwbr`m OmimZ{ PiybmJbrJd`m q^Vrd$Z XS>rV]g`m hiyhiyMwbrV


77/124

Yw[V OiybmJ`m ]]mV]mB`m hmVmZ{ gy gwImdbmMwbrgm{]V ]mBbm _XV H$$ bmJbm]mBgwag gwJaU Pmbr

Jd`m AmJ Am{Hy$ bmJ`mMwbr`m [m{Q>mV, _mUgm`mVm|S>mV Mod> AmMr MdMKiybmJbr Or^ MdMm{a]mB`m hmVMr Jdar_gUmV MmbV OmD$Z AVYmZ [mdbrZ Om{`m`m AJmda ]mB`m hmVmM{ R>g{ C_Q>b{

AJma{ Yw[ma{ Om{`mM{ Jd`m Jmar]mB`mOm{Jr ]mB[mgyZ Xwamdbm]mBZ{ e{Umbm OdiyZ Jm{d`m Wm[`m_mUgm`m _mWr _ma`mJd`m`m [m yy_rZ{ o\$oZg [jmbmO_yKmVb{ _emZmV OJyoXb{

e{UoH$S>mbm _m{H$i{ H$aodb{Jd`m O_ y_r`m AmH$mamV gmH$ma`m_gUmV _mUgm`m _`Vmda_hmoZdmU [mdybmJ`m A`m_m`m _mJmdaJd`m AVYmZ [md`mm _hmZw^dm`m AVaJmVJd`mMr amI Om{JS>mZr AJmbm \$mgbrAJmbm JY gmadb{ AmoU

A_wVodMmamM{ o\$oZg Om{JrMmbybmJb{ PwS>r`m O_mdmZ{]mBJd`mg_d{V o\$oZg [jmMr oZ_mVr`m{`m`m AJmMr amIgm{di _Z_dmi M_mir

65 _miU

AmO eXmMr Q>m{[br ^$ZAZw dm`m _mim odU`mMm


78/124

Ag_W`Z hm{D$ KmVbmgmOhar gmOUr^mOUr`m MQ>`mZ [m{ibr_mPr ]rO [oh`m Yma{`mW|]mZ{ Wam$Z gwImdbrH$m`m _mVr`m ]mh{a AHy$aS>m{H$mdb{ g_J odmVH$memMm Pm{V [rV_m`m ]rOmM amZ\w$b\w$bmac Hw$`m gH$mirHw$`m`m _wVm`m N>`mZr

gmd`m Am{Ki`mV{O g mib o[d`m Y_H$^mS>m`mM oha`m _mimda^a _`mhr,gmO{`m dm`mZ{ YwS>Jyg_mOdbm JdVm`m [m`mgm{]VAJ ehmab{ am{_moMV gmam X{hVy {D$Z Vm{S>bm Q>m{[brVAZ{H$ eXmg_d{V O_md O_dbm.m EH$mVg_`r H$m{bmhbQ>m{[brV`m eX\w$bmMm

66 H$ma^marU

e{d`mM{ e|S>{ H$m{di{ e{`mZr e{bb{]mBVwPr ZOa H$m{`m PmS>mdare{dardaMm dmb _m`m [m{amMm JmbJw]Jw]rV ZOa hQ>d Q>di{

MdirMr e|J e{Or]mBhb{ dm`mdar

Vw`m ]m{ H$S>mMr ZOa Mmb{ oVa[r oVaroVarH$ma`mMm _mS>d Xmar Vm{Sy> ZH$m{ Km{gmir


79/124

MmbdyZH$m{ Vm|S>r Q>H$ir XmarMm [mhUm_mPm CSy>Z OmBb dm`mdar H$mdim

oedy ZH$m{ _m`m bmOar gwHy$Z OmBb gH$mir

Vwigrbm Kmby ZH$m{ \{$am amS>{ odQ>mimMm dmamOmVrb gwHy$Z _m`m gwdmogZr`m gm{]VrUr

[m{am bmdyZH$m{ hmV \w$bm H$m{_{O{b _Zbm{H$ ]m{b ]m{bVrb Y`m H$m{`m Jmdm OmVm OmVm

gmiwH$sMr oeH$ma _mOar H$$ ZH$m{ _m`m Xmar

H$gb{ h{ A[eHy$Z Agb{ gmOhar

gmJ gmJ ]m{`m Hw$R>{ Pmbm H$m{bmhmbH$m|]S>rMr _m`m _mZ bmb a$mZ _mIbrAmR>dS>m`m ]mOmamMr YwiYmU a{ H{$br

CS>CS> [m{[Q>m o_aMrMm _im PmS> Jimq[[im`m Vim o[ma ]gb{ V{W{

67 oVam{YmMr gH$[Zm

oVH$ma H$aVm {V Zmhrm CbmKmbr _Z[imV

oVam{oYH{$`m gH$[Z{VAmR>dUr ]am{]a Amh{VAmO VwPr oOdV gJVoVH$mam`m [naUm_m`m YmH$mZ{Va Zmhr YmH$ [gaodbm AmO VmamJUmVamrMm ewH$ewH$mQ> [hmQ>{Mm ]m{Mam dmamoX`mMr PJ_J H$_r [S>V{OiV Amh{V V{ emV m _w`m ehamVgH$[ZmZm ]m{bH$ H$$Z VyoZKyZ OmV{g]m{b`m eham`m gmo`mV H$YrH$Yr


80/124

gdJwS>miyZ JmR>m{S>mV`m`m ]m{b`m Am{R>mZm o]MH$V{_w`m eham`m oX`mZm ZH$m{ bmdy]m{bH$m` hd ! H$m` ZH$m{ ! ZwgV ]m{b ]m{byZAm{R> MmdU{ H$m ]a{ Amh{]m{b ! Vy]m{b !! _r E{H$Vm{MX{ar M{h`mMr JmhmUrgm{]`m`m gm|JmS>m haH$VrZmJS>m amr`m _m{J`m \w$bmXm{Km`m _Yb AVaoVbm{ mMr OmUrd gmYV J{b

68 [XamMr ^mfm

KQ>Zm KS>V J{`m AdKS>b{`mKQ>H$m ^aV amoh`m Am w`m`m_mUg {Q>V J{br ZmdS>Vr{_m`m [m y_rda \w$b[mI$aJ Jm{im H$aV ]gb H$memM{Am[`m [ImZm [maXeH$ aJmMrPmba MT>dyZ AJmdadJU Am{Vb XmU{Xma Vw[mM[whm [whm _mUg {Q>br hdr ZH$m{erhmer Jder Zder

MH$m{a MhmS> MdMmbQ>dmi Q>[m{a CZmS>]{JS>r ]mS>r ]m{S>H$s]{aH$s ]{aS> ]m{ mQ>r]m{bH$s _wH$s gwH$sXw:Ir gwIr gIrgI{ Mmb Rw>_`mMr Mmb

]m{b o_R>yo_Ry> ]m{b_waS> _mZ K{ [XaPmH$ Tw>JU b[H$ H$_a


81/124

[wa{ AmVm Rw>_H$ Rw>_H$VS>H$ drO ^S>H$ AmJT>iV{ [mUr dhmVm dhmigwH$m Pam H$a AmVm

Jmbm`m [R>mamdaAmR>dUrAmS> XS>b{br ZOa^a AmVm Am|Oir dhm`m [m`mVqe[S> Vm|S>mda S>m{i{ PmHy$ZWaWa m WS> AZw^dmZ{naVr naVr a{Vr Vw`m [mdbmImbMroZgaS>V J{br dhm`m ZXrVyZ

H$m{V H$m{V _Z H{$bo^V o^V hmV \$bmdb{H$m{U`m PmS>mbm o_R>m _ma`mH `m qMMm MmI`mMX_wIr bm] gmX Kmb_mXd ZmXmbm MT>d Zmb

H$XZ H$mimbm o^S>d ZOahm{ _m{H$ir EH$XmMr Amam{hmVyZdmV`m`m mJUmV ZmMm`bmgI{ hUyZH$m{ AmVmAmJU dmH$S>Kmby ZH$m{dV:bm gmH$S>

AmS>mV AS>Hy$Zhm{ _m{H$ir [ohbQ>H$arU hm{D$ZH$gbr bmO AZH$gb{ H$mOgmO dmOdyZ JmU JmIm{ KmbyZ oZKyZ OmH$odV{`m [Q>mJUmVyZo\$ad ohbm [id oVbmOS>OS> Am{P{ [m`mVrb [m`]XmM{KwwJwamM{ PwUPwU JmU{W`W`mQ> ZmMyZ Pm`mdaM{


82/124

_Z_m{H$i dT>mi dmoh`mdaMAmVm H$m Xw:Ir, gwIr gI{Pmb J{b [m`mbm dmohbamohb gmdab Am[`m [XamV

[Xa Va [g$Z ]K`mM j{\$i oH$Vr odemb`md$Z MmbV Om _m[XamMr ^mfm ]m{by ZH$m{`m`m `mH$aUmV AS>Hy$ ZH$m{gI{ gwIr AVaJmV MmbXw:Ir dZmMr Zmi Vm{Sy>Z

gw jU_Z _m{H$i ZmMyZ WH$b_Z _m{H$i [iV gwQ>bVyAmbrg AZJ aJmVyZAZV H$mbm`m odgm`mVyZVygwImdbrg gwVmdbrg

{_mM{ Pa{ dmhZ gwH$b{oH$ {H$ XJS> CKS>{ [S>b{_Y`m AZw^dmM{ MQ>H{$ K{V]m{Ma{ h{ IS>{ _Y`m [mUVimM{JaJarV JwiJwirV Jm{Q>{ Pmb{ Z_X{M{gw jUm`m o_bm\$mda

69 Ag` AS>MUr Vimbm

Am[U Am[`m ApVdm[brH$S>{S>m{H$mdyZ Vo^V]mYmdarb \$mXr`m [m`mV $VUm`mH$mQ>mMr MwUMwU hrqH$dm PUPUrV o[R>`mMm oVIQ>[UmOm{ AmdmXmZ{ Mm{Ibm OmVm{ Or {`mAmdmX AmH$p_V Ambm{[PUPU AdW{Mr gm{gUjUjU


83/124

H$mQ>mMr MwUMwUrV ]m{M[m`m`m Vi`m[mgyZ S>m{`m`m H{$gm[ VXwIa{ gwIa{ dmVodH$AmhmoXH$ ^m{Jm`m Amhmar

ApVd AmVm odnhar oH$ZmarXw[maMr `mhmar Z{haro[R>c ^mH$ar bgyU H$mXm_m{Q>ZmS>m OmS>r H$mgamS>m{U Ami Vm|S> ob[dUMmH$ Amar AmgyS> Mm]yH$[mQ>[mUr Vm|S>bmdUr

JmU hUyZ gmIa[{aUr]bm`m l_mbm AZAmOda`m gwIX AZw dmZmgJi{ AmdmX odohar`m VimbmXaam{O Ji bmdyZ ]gVm{AYmBH$S>{ AYmoVH$S>{

Xm{`m gb Chm`m J_uZ{AmImS>VmV [m`m`m Am{bm`mZ{AdW{bm o[idQ>b{`m JimMm AmYmaVimbm Ag` AS>MUr`m JimV AS>Hy$ [hmVmh{VH$mQ>m $V{ Hw$UmbmAmH$XVmV H$m{Ur

AmVm $Vm{ H$mQ>mH$s Oim{ Or^eX Am{KiVmVVo^V ApVdPUPUrV AmdmXm [napWVrMm


84/124

70 Im]

gd^mdZmMr H$m|S>mir H{$brm E{ohH$V{ m{dVr

_r C^m VQ>W gm]gwH$`m qb]mMr gmbKam`m AmS>mMm AmYmagmJ AmVm `mdr _mKma^mdZm`m Am{brZ{ \w$bbrIm]mbm [mbdrKam`m AmS>mda emH$mabr

bhmZ bhmZ KaQ>r oM_`mMrAmS>Im]m`m AmYmamda AmH$mabrA_mZXm{V AdmT>` AJS>]] B_maV^mdZm`m H$m|S>m`mZm AmYma X{VH$m|S>`m ^mdZm B_maVrV, ^Q>H$`m Jmdm`m^mdZmM{M [mUr em{fyZ

AmS>mbm AmUIr AmYmaB_maVr eham`m OJbr dmV`mbm]mS>Jwim`m \$imMr Jm{S>rMmI`mda g_mYmZr _r[`m`m ]J`mJV H$m{giUmam ^mdZmMm S>m{bmamAmS>m`m Im]mdarb [mbdrd{brMm YaVm{ hmV

VQ>W gm]mbm KmbV{ AmVm odiI{hiyhiyJwXJw`m C`m AmS>`m

71 ^mdZm

^mdZm Jm{Ma Pm`m AmOXeH$m`m AZw^dmZ{gmO MT>dbm H$bd`mMmgO`m ZdarJV$[H$m`m _m[H$mV Hw$aS>m`m


85/124

VS>VS>m [m[S>m`m[w`m [m[S> e{d`mZd`mdam`m Am`m]m`mbmO`m gmO`m H$bd`m

oha`m _S>[m`m MmX`m^a_`mhr`m M_`mY{S> gOb{ Wm{amM{]mO{ dmOb{ ^mdZmM{g]i T>m{b VmemS>\$ o[[mUr T>m{bH$m]mOmdm`mMr gaJ_

^mdZmMr Vmam]ib{Pr_T>m{bmMm Vmb^mdZm ZmMybmJ`m ]mb]mb_Jbm>H$mMr dmUrS>m{`mVyZ PimPi{ [mUrZdar AmBM{

gm`m g_ma m`m AmR>dUrg^m_S>[mV ^mdZm AjVmo[d`m oha`m bmb Jwbm]raJ`m g]oYZr`m ]mbr]mb ]mb dmMb{ H$bda{H$mZo[`mMr AJR>r K{VMmb Mmb Mmb`m MmX`m

^mdZm`m ]m{idUrVdamVr MT>b{ ^mddamS>mbm bmJbr Sw>bH$sgw[mardm`mMr dmObr T>m{bH$s_mVS> XeZ Jmd \{$amo\$adbm JaJam^mdZm Xmar [m{hM`mAZY{S>`mZ{ Vmb YabmS>\$S>m`m ZmXmZ{hiXr`m AJmZ{


86/124

hmZ Pmb o[MH$m`m o[M`mC]aR>{ Am{bmS>b{CbWV [m`XiVAmYw`m [md`m

JhVmXyi ]mOar [mMYmZ^mdZm gwhmJZ Pmbr^mdZm Jm{a PmbrAmO ^mdZmM{ CYmU AmbAmR>dUr`m `mV hmbJm{a hm{Vm hm{Vm^mdZm Xmam`m AmV bm{Qy>Z oX`m

gma{ da JOmVyZ _Om oIS>H$sVyZMmIV ]gb{ [oh`m amVrMr^mdZmM{ Ag{ qYS>dS>{[m{a{ ]mi{ ZmVdS>{[VdS>{ {Vrc Am w_mZmV

72 eX H$mdm

eXmMm gm{him ^abm AmR>dUr`m MmdS>rdaeX [mQ>rb Pmb{ H$m` hm{ eX H$ma^ma !R>rH$ Amh{ Zm Vw_Mm ?eX _hma Pmb{Om{hma _m`]m[ Om{hma

eX H$m{Vdmbr H$$ bmJb{eX [Vdmb{ oMQ>\$S>mM{eX _Vdmb{ ga[MmM{eX bm{H$emhr`m \$S>mV Xw_Xw_ybmJb{eX [Mm`VrV Kw_ybmJb{eX [mQ>bmgm{]V ^mSy> bmJb{eX ga[Mmgm{]V bTy> bmJb{eXmM{ KS>{ ^$ZgwdmogZtZr [Mm`V H$ma^mam]am{]abm{H$g {`m Iw`mYwdyZ H$mT>`m


87/124

Ag{brMr AmgZ{ [wgyZ H$mT>brgmO gwdmogZrgm{]VamS>md eX gm{Sy>Z COmibrgmO eXmZr [mOibr J{br

eX gm{h`mV odaKiyZ J{b{ {H$mZr Am|Oir ^a`meX gm{h`mVyZ hadyZ J{b{eX Mm{arbm J{b{eX dmhZ Z{b{eXmMr byQ>_ma PmbreX [wT>m`m`m ^mfUmV JOybmJb{

eX gm|JmS>m`m odS>]ZmV hgybmJb{eX Zmg_OmV o]KSy> bmJb{eX AmZXmV ZmMybmJb{eX AmVm gm{h`m`m _{im`mVyZAJXr gamdam [imb{eX gd [gab{eX BVa odaKib{gm_mdb{ Xwamdb{ amJmdb{eX oH$`m[Xm`m amJ{]mh{a J{b{H$m` gmJmd{ eX _hm`eX gVmMr ]m{breX lr_Vm`m _hmbreX ]mM{ A

eX `m`mM{ eeX Vw_M{ Ag{eX Hw$UmM{ Zg{eXmZm H$m gm{hi{ Ag{eX ZmJS>{ h{ Ag{H$drM{, H$m`mM{, H$shm H$mdm eXmMm, b{IUrMm ?eX ZmQ>H$mV ZQy> bmJb{eX V_memV ZmMybmJb{eX ogZ{_mV gm_mdybmJb{


88/124

eX nH VZmV aJybmJb{eX H$odV{V a_ybmJb{eX b{IUrV AS>Hy$ bmJb{eX Q>rhr`m H$m{[`mV ]gybmJb{

eXmMm Om{S>m Z`m ZdarMm Vm{S>meX AmVm _Jbm>H$mV JmD$Z Pmb{eX oddmhmV _JbybmJb{_Jb h{ eXOrdZ h{ ]XgmH{$oVH$ ]YZmM{eXmZr OrdZ H$g{ OISy>Z Q>mH$b{

eXmZr H$g{ OJ ]h$Z J{b{eX Am{`m Pm`meX A J Pmb{eX _mPmdb{eX VY Pmb{eX _X Pmb{

AmVm eX WH$V J{b{ m b{IUrM{eXmZr ]mOma _mS>bmH$WmMm, b{ImMm, oXdmir AH$mMmeX H$mX]`m Pm`meXmMm AmXw]a PmbmeX [whm [whm AmH$m$ bmJb{eX gmH$m$ eX ]mOm$

eX Jw$ eX dm$ eX Vm$eX VmareX _mareX dmar m OrdZmVmVeX dmarV ZmMyZ WH$b{eX g {V JOwZ ]H$b{eX [{_mV haIyZ ]gb{eX bT>mV bT>V amhrb{eX amOH$maUmV \$gV H$gb{eX JWmV AWmOwZ obIodb{


89/124

eX gm_m`mV J_mdyZ gm_mdb{eX JUVmV dV Pmb{eX gm`dmXmV XmhH$ Pmb{eX Zm{H$aemhrV dVmJybmJb{

eX bm{H$emhrV Vw_M{ Am_M{ Pmb{eX gm{h`mV odaKiyZ J{b{eX Aa`mV hm{a[iyZ J{b{eX H$m`mV _m{hdyZ J{b{eX dhmV J{b{ eX ZhmV J{b{eX od{Ur gJ_mV A_md`m amr Om{JS>{ Pmb{eX aS>V J{b{ emi{V

eX hgV J{b{ I{imVeX CS>V J{b{ Vm$`mVeX Am w` P{bV J{b{ _mUgmM{eX _wH{$ Pmb{ {_mVeX Pw_H{$ Pmb{ H$m_mVeXmZr _wi{ am{dbr [m{Q>mV

eXmM{ am{[Q>{ CJdb{ OZgm_m`mVeXmMm Ambm bm|T>maogH$ Km{iVr Jm|S>meX gmoOa{, eX Jm{oOa{, eX _moOa{eX ag, g_ag, Iadg aogH$ Ob[mZmM{eX XwY, _wY, Jyi Jm{S>r ]mb[UmMreX gm{bH$T>r, AmiydS>r, gmbg ^m{OZmMr

eX am{Q>r, M[mVr, ^mH$ar, H$m_H$`mMreX dmT>r H$m` [[MmV


90/124

73 \$bUmar gmdbr

S>m{i{ ^$Z [mhZ K{Vm{MmX`mV H$odV{`m

hmD$Z OmVm{ Am{bmqM] hm X{hoMdoMdUm`m ^mdZm`m KaQ>mVXw:I{, [I \$bmd AZMmX`mV gmdbr [ga S>m{`mdahmZ hm{D$Z OmBbAm{bmqM] earamMm [egmJ H$m{U`m IwUm em{Y`mEH$_{H$m`m X{hmdaVri H$miOmda Xm{Km`moVioVi VwQ>V J{b _ZKS>b{`m KQ>ZmZrS>m{i{ ^$Z [mhZ K{MmX`mV MT>`m H$bm`m

CVaUrMr Am{T> d{JmZ{Hw$`m \$bUm`m gmd`mMr

74 EImmMm aVm

_mUyg EH$Xm H$m a`mbm bmJbm`mMr [m`dmQ> MmbybmJV{[mD$b{ MmbVr [ohbrM dmQ>[am`m oXe{Z{ hrZdmZ[amhrZ XeoXem Ad`mMr_mUg{ aV{ hm{D$Z OmVmV_mUg{`m _mUg{ [m`[rQ> hm{VmV_mUgm`m [m`KS>m hm{VmV

AZaV{ XwV\$mMmH$mVyZMmbV ]m{bV Xya oZKyZ OmVmVJmdamZmVyZ _miamZmV


91/124

oha`m oha`m _`m`m ]mYmd$ZS>m|JaX`m`m o]]`m Idbmg_m{$ZdmKX`m`m ZirVyZYmH$V YwH$V o]hrV Km]aV ]mdaV

_miamZmVyZ [iV gwQ>VmV _mUg\w$\$mQ>m`m VS>m`mV ^a _`mhr AZdmUr[m`mM{ \$m{S> Jm{S> ]m{by bmJVmVa`mgm{]V gbm{`mZ{AZH$mQ>m AbJX hiyM JwXJwXVm{\$m{S>mVZ [mUr Q>[H$Z JiVS>m{`mVrb Am{P hbH$ hm{V

_Zmdarb EH$ ]m{O JiyZ [S>Vm{H$Yr Ag`mZg`mMm_mUyg EH$Xm H$m a`mbm bmJbm`mM{ aV{ bm]bMH$ dmT>V OmVmVAJXr Ag` Q>{eZ Am{bmSy>ZojoVOm[brH$S>rb Zmg_O j{mda

Ymo_H$ _mo_H$ d_u ]gVm{ Kmd [amVmVa`m`m AZwfJmZ{ _mUyg Km`mi [jr hm{D$ZCS>`mMm `Z H$aVm{ a`mM{ aZ d{ H$$ZaV{ S>m]ar hm{VmV AZ_mUyg oMH$Q>bm OmVm{og_|Q>_Yrb IS>r _mUg ! XJS>m`m _ZmMr _mUg!Ia Va _mUgm`m _ZmMr M{[br OmV{ XS>rm _mUgm`m [adS>r

a`mdarb _bmM{ amIUXma_> g[odb{`m Am w`mM{a`ma`mM{ _m{[Uma._mUyg EH$Xm H$m aVm MwH$bm`mM{ _miamZmM{ g]YS>m]ar gS>H$mM{ IS>r ]YgdH$mhr Ag]Y hm{V{[mUVimda KgaS>{ hm{V{]\$mi a`mda Mmbb{ OmV{oh_mda [hS>b{ OmV{


92/124

KgaJwS>r`m Vmbmdma ]\$mi aVmna_oP_ [mdgmMr [m`dmQ>Xm{hr oZgaS>m [m y_r_mUyg [S>VM OmVm{_mUyg gmdaVM ahmVm{Am[b{ gm|JmS{> ]m|JmS>{ $[ {W{ _mUgmM{ aV{ g[VmVoh_]\$m`m AZoMIbm`m A_m[ IirVWamWam`m KS>m CbJS>`mMmAj` A[amY _mUg H$aVM amhVmVKS>m`m Wam_ { WS>rZ{ WaWa Hw$S>Hw$S>VmV

[m`KS>m hm{VmV _mUgWaWa hm{VmV _mUgaVm{aVr hm{VmV _mUg_aUm`m a`mZ MmbVmV _mUgKmQ>`m KmQ> CV$Z OmVmVCbJS>`m[obH$S>M{_mUyg a`mbm bmJVm{ KmQ>m`mAZg_w_mJmbm [m{hMVm{mOi JJ{`m dmhmZ{_mUyg OiH$mimMm _mJu hm{Vm{_mUyg oVhr \{$`mVyZ _w$ hm{`m`m_mJmbm [m{hMVm{ a`mbm bmJ`mda EH$XmMm

75 H$mi{ [i

H$mi{ hm{VmV [iMmX`m`m H$memV^m|Ji oH$aUmMm AoV Ja_]m{Mam \$dmamoPio_irV [m`mV

Vi[Vm{ VriVwQ>Vm{ oH$ZmamaIaI`m ChmV


93/124

VhmZ{Z Vi_iUmam OrddVr`m oZdm`mbmbmJU bmJV{ gmOhambmbmJdS>rM{ JS>r [S>Vm JS>mV

Vw$ Vw$ MmbybmJVmV _mJJdVm`m H$mS>m _m{S>VVmQ>mM{ X{R> MKiVVm{H$S>m MdrZ _wJgm`m ZOa{ZZH$m{ `mM oOUViViH$mi{ hm{VmV [i

76 M_m{h

MXmbm ZmJS>m H$$Z gm{S>bm_mUgmZ{ `m`m dM{Mr Idb{ H$mT>brgdmJmbm _rR> Mm{iV ]gb{

OZ gdKm`mi Pmb{AZMm`m _XVrbm Ymdb{gy BW{ Am{emibmH$odVm [drVbmda _mUgmV o_gidbr[iodbr Hw$Ur Mm{aa`mZ{Jr`m Jmdm`m]m{im`m eham`m

YmdV JmdJmS>mZ[iV JmdHw$gmZ_m{Q>marVyZ, AmJJmS>rVyZ, od_mZmVyZ

77 H$mhr H$maU

H$miOr H$a`mM H$mhr H$maU H$m Amh{ !CKS>m ZmJS>m g_{VC`m AmS>`m Amh{V Xm{`mOmi odUmd Va JmR>tMm JwVm


94/124

Hw$R>da OJU h{ AmR>dUrMH$m{UH$m{U`m jUmM ^mS>UAZ `dW{V _r Jwa\$Q>b{bm{H$miOr H$a`mM H$mhr H$maU H$m Amh{ ?

H$m{`mZ H{$b Omio]Vam`m H$m{[`mVXmdUrbm ]mYbr OZmdaAmS>mda gm[mM bQ>H$UohadJma Amh{ JdV[m{am _yR>^a Oam oVH$S> Q>mH$H$miOr H$a`mM H$mhr H$maU H$m Amh{ !

78 H$mir H$m{ar [mQ>r

Xm{Z Am{T>`m a{Km{Q>mEH$ ojoVOg_mVaEH$ C^r Ka Im]m`m ]am{]a

AoYH$ _ { oJadbm oMhm_ {H$mir Jm{ar [mQ>rH$mR>rda Jm{Q>r R>{dyZEH$ oJadbm [mR>rV XUH$m ImVJm{Q>rda Jm{Q>r R>{dyZ H$mQ> _mabrAZoVgar B`mm [mg Pmbm{H$mir H$m{ar [mQ>r

Md`m gmbr \w$Q>brgm{]`m`m A]mX]rVH$[S>mAmS> XS>d`m XJS>mZ{emim gwQ>br [mQ>r \w$Q>brAmB_bm JOmZ{ _mab{JmhmUr emi{`m oXdgmgm{]V

H$m`m H$m{`m [mQ>rd$Z[wgQ> hm{D$Z Yw`mV od$Z J{brodab{`m yVH$mimV_mUg Jhmi hm{V J{br


95/124

Ymd[ir`m _mg_mVAmdab{`m |S>m{`m`m JRR>mVAS>H$b{ gm{J{ Ym{VamM{

79 [mbQ>

Ag`mZg`m`m odMmaJV}VJQ>mJ`m ImVEH{$ar Xwh{ar \$mgm`m AmS>m`mZrAmdib{ J{b{ hmV[m`_Zm`m _m{H$`m AdWmZr

_Zgm{$ _ma`m CS>mdmVdV{`m AJS>]] X{hmd$ZAoZpMV{`m Im{b _hm_m {V_dmi e{dmim`m [emZr X{h ehmabmamr`m JmT> odi`mZm OmJ {VAoZoVVm diU K{V J{br

EH$mVyZ Xwg`mH$S>{oZoV AH$b{[obH$Sy>Z

80 gdmb Odm]

I{i I{im`m [Q>mda[m{a Am`m`m _mS>rda

[mi`mMm Xm{a_mOa I{idV{[mUr [mQ>mZ{ dhmV{O_rZ D$ZmZ{ \$mQ>V{o]i e{Vm`m CamVCXra Amam_mZ{ o\$a{JV gm_m`m`m[wamU q^VroMhm`m AmYmamZ{AmO gH$Vr gmH$mabr_mVrMw`mMr Jmd odQ>mMr


96/124

eha{ og_|Q>Mr aMbrCdV gm_m` EH$m wJmM{_hmH$m`m`m $[mV gm_mdyZ K{Vb{q^Vr ]`mM C^ma`m

`m`m H$sVu`m oebmb{ImZrgma{ AmH$me gmjab{^mQ>m`m JS>JOZ{Z{C[_m`m Am|Oir ^$Z CYi`mgw`m}X`m`m mOig_`rdQ>m^a H$mOd{ Jm{im H$$ZamJm{ir KmVbr Cf:H$mbr

81 AS>MUtMm _{imdm

Agm hm AS>MUtMm _{imdmAmZXm`m _S>[mImbrH$m{U \{$a Y$Z ZmMbybmJbm

H$m{Ur ZmJS>m, gdmV VJS>mAmVm _S>[m]mh{a o\$$ bmJbmHw$Um`m XmamV _r amJrHw$Um`m g^m{dVmbr JwUr`m`m S>mdmV _r H$gm aS>r ?gmJm Var Aer H$m` H{$br Im{S>r

82 J ra

dmMZ _ZZmZVaM{ gdH$mhr dMmnaH$ _WZhm ag Amh{EH$m J^ra jUmMmgJ gh`m{JmZVaMm gdH$mihm g_` Amh{EH$m J^ra odMmamMm


97/124

83 XJS>

oO`m OmJ`m X{hmMmhm{D$Z OmVm{ XJS>

Hw$Urhr `md{ AZCMbyZ \{$H$mdm [m`mV_mem`m O_mdmbm XamadmhV OmVm OmVm dmhm]am{]aJaJarV Jm{Q>r [m{am`m I{imVrbJm{Q>m`m g_whmVrb H$dS>m \$m{S>UmarH$dS>mMm _{i gmaJm`m [Q>mda

CbQ> gwbQ> KQ>Zm AmOCm`mAdKS> OmVm{ `mVJwa\$Qy>Z gdH$mi

84 \$m{S>UrMm AXmO

gm{di H$[Zm`m AmhmargmOZ _wH$bm `mhmarbmX{e d{e bmYbm JUd{eXmar _mar ^Q> ^Q>UrbmVwar CYmUm`m [mV{brVH$[Zm S>m{`mV H$[H$AmamIS>{ _mS>r H$mJXmda

\$m{S>UrMm AXmO bmdVmZm

85 eX H$g{

eX H$g{ [maI{ hm{D$ [hmVmh{Vm oXdgm`m gJVrZ{ oXdg|oXdg

AmR>dUrM{ Am{P{ OS> hm{V{eXm`m gmo`mV OIS>VmZm`m`m JmR>r Am{`m H$am`m bmJVmVm EH$mH$s AZw^dmV


98/124

AI{a AZw d hr EH$mM{MAg{M Ag` gJ_m{O`mBVH{$ AH$ [mR> Agmd{g`m`m _S>[mV

]mOmamV Hw$Urhr ^mOr odH{$_S>[m`m gmdbrMr N>m`m AbJm ^UJ `m{V]mOmag_ma AmoU `mmmVrb g`mJUmMm ohem{] {H$m`m _Zm{dmrVrbEH$ ]X H$[m`mMr Mmdr EH$mVm`m hmVr

86 ggma

gV ]m{b{ gW ]m{brdmMmim`m Vm|S>r [m{ir`m`m`mM{ `m`mZ _dmi[wT>m`mM{ ^mfU [mMmigV dmM{ [wT>{ [wamUdmaH$ar dmOdr _XJQ>miOZ gma{ ggmar XJggm`mM{ ohem{] VJgmja CbJS>{ eXm`m KS>mAZ[T>m`m VwQ>`m H$S>m_mbH$mMr gmIa [{aUrH$m_H$`mZr Yabr YaUrggma Hw$Q>y] KaXma ZmV{dmBH$

m E{ohH$V{Mm H$ma^magwI Xw:I AmZX dam`amJ $[ aJ am{J


99/124

Am[`m _ZVm[m`m _bmM{ XJS>ZmVr Jm{Vr gdg]YmMr_m{Q> ZmS>mMr Om{S>rAS>MUrMr Jm{S>r

Jag]Y aI{br]{]ZmdmMr Am{bXS>r XS>[Ur AS>r AS>MUrgmJ {Vm{ H$m H$m{Ur H$m_r ?

87 Am_U

XrKH$mim`m Xwam`mZVaAmR>dUrMm C_mimjUm{jUr {U{h{ H$_[m Amh{m gdAZw dmMrgmJS> hm{D$Z

`mMr IV Z H$aU{ ]a{hdh`m`m g_rH$aUmVZ{h_rM Jwa\$Q>b{ VaAS>MUr`m _{im`mM{Am_U hmVr [S>U{m]b Am ]miJU{ ZH$m{

88 [mOiUma V{O

OmoUd{bm C_Jb [mOiUma V{OeX AmYma Pmb{ m AVargma{ oXdg CSy>Z J{b{W`m`m AmdmOmMr \$$

Mmhb bmJyZ H$mha CR>b[im`m Mm`mV _eJwb AgVmH$m_ H$m H$_Y_


100/124

__m AXmOmZ{ g_Ob[Im`m o[gm`mZ{ gmd`m [ga`mCOiUm`m oX`m`m [har H$memVAWC_JV J{bm H$bmH$bmZ{

CdnaV d` MmbV OmVmgmd`mM{ j{\$i dmT>V J{b{AmH$memV CmwJ hm{Vm hm{Vm

89 _hmZw dmM{ VmamJU

EH$Xm Am[`m AoYH$mam`m[nagr_mM{ _m{O_m[ H$$Z `md{Mmb`m ]m{b`m Zm{H$aemhrV]Xb`m Am w_mZmVOrdZ AdW H$$Z R>{dmd{H$mhr g_`mbm A]m{b ApWaOZgm_m`m`m [S>mAmS>

Am w` CYiyZ md{m g_`mbm YwdmYmaZ g_O`m [obH$S>{mU _wHy$Z OmdmH$mhr d{i{bm oZOud oZb oZodH$ma_hmZw dm`m VmamJUmV

90 $[

_r d|Yim Jm|YimVJm$S>r ^m$S>mVgmdim birVmVgmJ m H$mJXmda

H$m ZmMVm{ _r ZmJS>m ?

_r gV H$sVZmV


101/124

ZQ> ZmQ>H$mVgm|JmS>m V_memVZmMr Z`mVgmJ m dVZmV

H$m gXm _r _Z ?

91 d`[mH$

AZWmMm dmWgmYyZ[a_mWmMm AWbmdV ]gbm{Y_H$_m`m ^m`m oMaVmZm^`m g`mH$mir gwJaUr`md [mH$mV [m{`m bmQ>`m H$mJXm`mgh^m{OZmM{ AS>mI{ ]mYb{AWm`m H$T>rbm \$m{S>Ur X{VmZmCYmU Amb{ eXmM{Am{ir CVyZ J{`m obhr`mAJm{Xa

gwV d{im`m Amhmar [S>VmZmAZWmMm dmWgmYV

92 AW AmoU dmW

gmadVm`m oOh{daemaX{Mm ZmM_XwJm`m Vmbmdag`mgmMmMm oYZVmbdVmJ AmoU dam``m`m gm`mg[a_mWmMr [m{[Q>[MrAWAmoU dmW

m`m OdirMmAZmo_H$mZ{ H$m{UVmAm[Umd`mMm AW?


102/124

93 gma{

a{fmgai g_mVa

C^r AmS>drdH$ oVa[rH$er hr Am{T>mdr

aJ{Vm.Zm.o[.hroZ.[m.OmH$g{ hr Wm[md{

gJVrH$U Ydb, EH$aJrW_ oVr`VoV` gOmVr`

odam{Yr [a[aHw$Umerhr H$am`m

AmH$m$oH$m{U MmH$m{Z[MH$m{Z fQ>H$m{ZA>H$m{Z dVwimH$maH$m{U`mhr H$ma{ gmH$m$

dmX`$s g_mOa` gm`Amod^md AmodH$ma

A_wVdZmV odadmdm

_Zw`aJ{


103/124

amJrQ> b]mS>bw`mT>m|Jr gm|Jr h>r`mgr Ag{ Wm[rV{U{ H$i{ Zm bm{H$m_mOr

_Zw`mH$m$OmS>mOwS>m bwH$S>mb]y b> R>|JyAm[m[`m H$ma{Am[UM gmH$ma{

g_mO gJVrH$m_r H$m{Yr bm{ r_X_V, _gar, _m{hrgJVr AgyZ { `dhmar_mOV{ _mOm{ar OJm_mOr

a{fm AmH$m$aJ gJVr dmXyV{U{ O{ gm` H$$Vg{Mr _Zw` V$

94 _r

_r ^m{Jr_r `mJr_r Om{Jrm _m {Mm

_r hg{

_r aS>{_r CS>{m AdW{Mm


104/124

h{ ]Yh{ gKh{ g]Y

m Jm{Vmd`mM{

h{ _mP{h{ VwP{gma{ Am{P{m _r[UmM{

h{ ]m{bh{ eXgma{ AZw dm ApVdmM{

hm amUm

hm ehmUmhm ]hmUmm `dW{Mm

95 dmg

_mUgm`m ]mJS>m H$$ZhmVmV KS>`m H$s`m oH$UoH$UVmVIUIUVmVo[MVmVgm{`mMmXr`m XmoJ`mgm{]VM_H$VmV, M_m{nhZr MmX`mV

_ZmM dmV` O[`mBVH$MdmgmM{ dmV` O[U _hdmM dmQ>V_m{H$i{[Um`m Vma>mJUmV


105/124

[m`KS>m CbJSy>Z AWab{br MmXagaiYm{ [Q> H{$br H$s[mhUMma `m`bm dmgr [hS>Vm{

96 OJU{

_mUyg OJV AgVm{AZmo_H$ Aod^mdm`m [obH$S>{AdWm`m [m`KS>m CbJS>Vg^m{dVmb`m OJmMm YgH$m ImD$Z

a`m`m o[M`m XJS>m`m R>{Mm ImV

97 ey`

H$odV{Vrb gw jUm`m AZ`dhmamVrb OmJ$H$ [im`mAVamV ]gb{br _mPr oZdiVm

YmdV [iV AgV{ oXdgmT>d`mAmJr`m YJYJ`m odVdmd$ZMQ>H{$ gm{gV ^mOUm`m ^mH$arM{odo^ ^mOH$ AamOH$ oXdgmM{gw jU ey` ey` ZOamM{

98 dKmV

hmS>md$Z J{bm JmS>m_mS>rda Am[Q>b{ PmS>H$mS>r _m{Sy>Z VmS>mVm{S>CJm hmVmMr Om{S>mOm{S>Am{_ Z_m{ dmhm Z_:


106/124

99 JwXJwXr

Xm{Z \$mm`m ]{MH$m`mVoM_UrM KaQ> JdVmM

_{`m KmbyZH$m{ hmV _ {hm{V{ JwXJwXr o[mZm

100 R>J

OJ`m`m gm{`m a`mZ{[m`r MmbV R>J J{bmR>Jr _maV \w$\$mQ>mbmPmS>mZmgmd`mZmdV:bmMdbr [md`m`m ]mOmamV[m`brM _m[ hmVr K{Vb

_Zm`m amer g^miVmZm

101 BN>m

CmwJ hmdC_m hmdCZmS> hmdJwUmMr JmUr JmVmZmCU CU H$$Z Ordmbm gm{S>md

JmU JmdJwU Jmdgm|J H$amd

gmOhar PmO dmOdVmZmJwUJmUmMm KmUm H$amdm


107/124


108/124

105 EH${H$

EH$ gmS>rEH$ gbdma

EH$ PJmEH$ ]waIm_maVm{ _waH$m

EH$ [Q>EH$ hQ>EH$ [JS>rEH$ JmR>H$bVmV S>m{`mda

106 AdKS>

dmWmbm `mZoMm R>{dyZ OJU{

V{dT>{ H$m dV Amh{ ?_mJmV AS>MUtZm d{Ji{ H$$Z MmbU{ {dT>{ H$m gai Amh{_mZmbm `mZr K{D$ZAmS>XmS>m`m Km{i`mV gm_mdU{H{$dT>{ AdKS> OJU{[dmgmV gmam ggma S>m{`mdaO{dT>{ AmR>dUrM{ [{R>{AS>MUrM{ H$mQ>{ \$mgmVrb


109/124


110/124

109 gmaJ

Jm{`m Jmbm`m MH$`mMmX`mV o\$a`m

AOmJi gmd`mZmAdKS> dZ [S>brAZmH$bZr` dmVmdaUmVAdWm`m Jm{O`m \w$bmMm[wH{$ea _a `m`bm\y$b hmVmV,aJ Xa]mamVAgJm`mgmJ ! ]{aJm`m [mdgmVgmaJ JmD$Z Pmbm ?

110 ]m{cK{dS>m

d{S>m`m ]mOmamV^mdZm`m Vhm [mdbrbm [mMJm{YwbrMr H$mg Y$Z aS>UmamJmS>rM gm{Sy>Z S>m{`mbm JwS>miUmamhmVM gm{Sy>Z Ymd`m[mR>r bmJUmamZmH$ Xm]yZ Vm|S> CKS>UmamZg`m ]m{b]mbmV]m{bVm K{dS>m_mS>dmV bm|]H$ibm


111/124

111 ^md

m KQ>mMr ^maJ^mZ{Aer bMH$br Zma

Vma N>{S>br od`mdaVrKQ>r b[H$bm gya[m` AdKS>b{ _mimdaVrKQ>m N>mB KZKm{adfmJm`m ZmX]hmZ{X{h AHw$abm [bmVhf]habm ma CKS>b{X[Xadibm Cf:H$mbmV


112/124

112 _mg_

gyk AdWm`m [na_mUmV VwbV AgVmZm_mg_m`m [naMH$mMr gJV Pmbr

A_mdm`m-[moU_{`m AmH$fUmZ{^aVr-Am{hm{Q>r {V J{br gXodd{H$mMrdgVmV dZamOr`m gmo`mV ]mJS>bm]mi gXJwUmMm PmS>[m m`m\w$bm\$im`m amerda [hS>bm Jm{[mi ggJrH$R>r \w$b_mim, hmVr ]mgar, _mWr Am^mi oV-odm_mXyada [gab{`m gwJoYV XadirV dmVmdaUmMm oZ_mVm

gXJVr`m _mJmda Jr_mMm JYH$ [gabm_`mda C { amhZ H$S>{dma AmJ bmdyZ K{Vbr^S>H$`m dmbmVyZ EH$ o\$oZg [jr CS>mbmamIamJm{ir`m AdW{AJm{Xa dfmdm`m XamamZ{PwiPwi dhmdUm`m P`m`m H$S>{bm MmVH$ _mJMjydf}`m [oh`m Yma{Mm Am{bmqM] W|] AJmda

H$S>H$S>Um`m odO{`m JS>JS>mQ>mZ{ ehmab{ amZOZmda[mVH$mMr _S>H$s \$m{S>Umam mOi dmhmMm gS>m qe[S>Vm{[ma`m T>JmMm H$i[ VmQ>r H$$Z ]gbm S>m{`mdaoeoeamV [ga`m MmXar MmX`m`m oXdgm AdJwUmdag_wm`m [maXeH$ IS>H$mda [jr ]gb{ AbJX JwUJmV]rO{ Wamabr C`m`m Am{T>rZ{ [mbdrMr gJV gm{]V


113/124

113 d{Q>Z oM[Q

Cab{ ZmhrV oXdgJm`m`m PwS>r_mJyZ Om`mM{

Km{S>m`m Q>m[mZr CYim`M{BoVhmgm`m [mZmV AS>Hy$Z ]gb{V H$mbM{_r [hmVm{ [Zm{a_m JVH$mbMmEH$ oM[Q> S>m{`mg_m{$Z gaH$Z gaH$Vm{^mbm ]a`m Vbdmarod$Z J{`m gUmdmarhmVr Ambr o[Vwb H$m{U`m eoZdmar

Jm{`m CS>m`m Xm`m[arXmUmXmU Pmbr gm`m JrMr`m{X`m`m hmVmMr [H$S>oXdg|oXdg oT>br [S>br^m`m`m Q>m{H$mMr OmJm]XwH$s`m Jm{irZ{ [Q>H$mdbr

oM[Q>m`m OmJr Q>rhr ]gbmgdOJ H$g{ bhmZ Ohmb{H$m{`m _Zm`m _hmbr_r EH$ d{Q>ZoM[Q> [hmV ]gbm{


114/124


115/124


116/124


117/124


118/124


119/124


120/124


121/124


122/124

_Zm{JV


123/124


124/124

Documents

Gaon Budala Budala Gaon Book