Garand Glossary

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The Garand Collectors AssociationGlossary of Terms

You may also download a PDF of the Glossary of Terms from the Supply Shack.

Click on the word of interest:

A D E L M R S ZANNEALED RECEIVER EXTRA HOLE M1C SIGHT SEAL

ARROWHEAD FIELD STRIP M1D SINGLE SLOT

BASE FLUSH NUT MC-1 SLANT CUT

BIRCH GAP LETTER MILLED SQUARE SPRING

BRIGHT CHAMBER GAS PORT MIXMASTER STAMPED

BRITISH PROOFS GAS TRAP MODEL SHOP TANKER

CARTOUCHE GREEK MUZZLE WEAR THROAT EROSION

CMP HEADSPACE NATIONAL MATCH TWO TONE

COMP SPRING HEAT LOT NO-TRAP TYPE1 NATIONAL MATCH

CURVED SIDE HOODED SIGHT NUMBERED TYPE2 NATIONAL MATCH

DANISH IMPORT MARKS ORDNANCE WHEEL WELDED RECEIVER

DASH IN THE WHITE POSTAGE STAMP WELDED SEAM

DASH NUMBER KEYSTONE SPRING PROOF P (Also Circle P) WIN-13

DCM LATE REBUILD

DEMIL LEND LEASE RED BAND (Also Red Paint)

DRAWING NUMBER LMR RELIEVED (Also stress relieved)

LOCK BAR REPRO

LONG CHANNEL RESTORATION

REWELD

ANNEALED RECEIVER :Also Lead Pot Annealed. A process used tosoften the rear of the receiver to preventcracking when struck by the bolt duringrecoil. After the development of the grenadelauncher, a new steel alloy less prone tocracking was used to make receivers. Olderreceivers were dipped in molten lead to

Garand Collectors Association Glossary of Terms http://www.thegca.org/glossary-of-terms

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reduce brittleness. This process darkenedthe appearance of the dipped section,resulting in two-tone receivers.

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ARROWHEAD:

A style of receiver logo used on the earliestInternational Harvester rifles, in which thearrangement of the text lines resembles anarrowhead. Collectors believe these weresupplied by Springfield Armory and areamong the very first rifles produced by IHC.

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BASE :Properly bracket; the dovetail basefastened to the receiver of the M1C Sniperrifle. The telescope and mount slide ontothe bracket. See M1C.


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BIRCH:

The wood used to make replacement stocksand handguards in the late 1950s. Originalspecifications called for walnut, butdifficulty in obtaining it resulted in a switchto birch in some rebuild programs and forreplacement guards.

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BRIGHT CHAMBER :

In original assembly at Springfield Armory,the chamber area of the barrel was notParkerized and appears bright. Duringrebuild, a newly refurbished barrel/receiverassembly was refinished and the chamberarea Parkerized in the process. A brightchamber is a clue to originality.

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BRITISH PROOFS :A set of stampings required by British lawon any firearm exported from England. The1941 1942 Lend Lease rifles imported inthe 1960s carried these marks in the barrel


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date area, and later imports on the top of the barrel between the rings of the gascylinder. Collectors generally dislikenon-standard markings.

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CARTOUCHE :The collector term for the mark stampedinto the left side of the stock upon originalacceptance of the rifle by the government.The earliest stamps bore the initials of themanufacturer over the initials of theinspector under whose authority it wasaccepted. In late 1940 the SpringfieldArmory format was changed to use theinitials of the armory Commandant. AtWinchester the new type used GHD, theinitials of the Chief of Ordnance. In 1953 theold cartouche was changed to the boxedEagle and Stars called the DefenseAcceptance Stamp. Springfield, Harrington& Richardson, and International Harvesterall used the DAS from that time onward.

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CMP :

Civilian Marksmanship Programheadquartered in Anniston, Alabama,formed in 1996 to succeed the DCM. All M1rifles in Army inventory were transferredto them for sale to qualified buyers. CMPsupports the National Matches at CampPerry. See www.odcmp.com .

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COMP SPRING :Properly compensating spring. A smallspring butted to the front of the keystone


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operating rod spring to improve functioningin early rifles. This required a follower rodwith a thin body over which the compspring fit. The comp spring was eliminatedin 1940 (see KEYSTONE SPRING).

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CURVED SIDE :

The profile of the operating rod boss. Earlyrod bosses were cut in an arc; later rodswere cut straight.

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DANISH : Rifles loaned to Denmark during the ColdWar and returned by them in 1998. CMP

sold these rifles to the public.

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DASH :A component of some parts marking (seeDRAWING NUMBER ). Some parts markingincluded a dash between the letter of themark and the main number, as well as a

dash between the number and the RevisionNumber. Parts marks with dashes areusually earlier than the same numberwithout a dash.

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DASH NUMBER :

The revision number, often separated fromthe main part number by a dash. The partblueprint was revised when some elementof construction was changed, even if thechange did not entail a change of shape.Parts constructed according to the newdrawing were marked with the number of the revision to the original drawing. Thedigit 4 in B-8881-4 above represents thefourth revision to the original long buttplate screw.

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DCM :Department of Civilian Marksmanship, agovernment agency created in 1916 toencourage shooting by civilians as a cadrein time of war. DCM sold surplus militaryweapons and ammunition to qualifiedcivilians as part of the mission. Politicalcontroversy surrounded this program, andit was privatized as the CivilianMarksmanship Program in 1996, endinggovernment involvement in weapons sales.All M1 rifles in Army inventory weretransferred to the newly formed CMP.

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DEMIL : A government process used todemilitarize or destroy rifles by cuttingthe receiver and barrel in half. Hundreds of thousands of rifles were demilled and thereceiver halves sold as scrap (see REWELD).

Modern demilling uses a shreddernicknamed Captain Crunch.Back To Top

DRAWING NUMBER :A number stamped into many parts,indicating the blueprint covering theconstruction of that part. This number wasalso the Part Number, and was composed of a letter indicating the size of the blueprint, aunique number assigned to that part, and a


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number indicating the revision to theoriginal drawing. In early rifles most partswere numbered, but most parts marking

was dropped under the pressure forincreased production.

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EXTRA HOLE :

A hole bored into early triggers; dropped in1941.

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FIELD STRIP :

To disassemble a rifle into the three maingroups: barrel and receiver, stock, andtrigger group.


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FLUSH NUT :

The small nut that held the rear sightelevation knob in place on early rifles.Because the sight tended to loosen, the flushnut was replaced by a rectangular bar thatcould apply greater tension (see LOCK BAR ).

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GAP LETTER :

A style of receiver logo on InternationalHarvester rifles, in which there is a spacebetween U.S. and RIFLE and between CAL.

and .30M1. These receivers were suppliedby Springfield Armory to help IHC meetproduction quotas.

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GAS PORT :The hole in the barrel that admitspropellant gas into the gas cylinder. TheGCA standardized the term Gas Port Rifleto identify the spline-type gas system usedfrom 1940 to replace the original Gas Trapsystem.


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GAS TRAP :The collector term standardized by the GCAin 1995 for the first type of gas system thatutilized a false muzzle to deflect or trapthe gas into the gas cylinder. The earlybarrel was threaded at the muzzle and the

gas cylinder screwed onto it. The gas plugslipped into the front of the cylinder andwas held in place by a screw. This systemcaused accuracy problems because the plugthrough which the bullet passed deformedunder the heat generated by rapid fire. Itwas replaced in late 1940 by the Gas Portsystem in which the gas entered thecylinder through a hole bored in the barrel.The gas cylinder slipped onto three splines

cut into the barrel and the gas plug waseliminated. Approximately the first 50,000rifles used the Gas Trap system, but almostall of them were eventually upgraded to theGas Port design. Unmodified rifles and partscommand a huge premium from collectors.

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GREEK :

Any of the M1s loaned to Greece during theCold War and returned to the CMP in 2002for sale to the public.

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HEADSPACE :The length of the bullet chamber asmeasured from the face of the closed bolt toa datum point in the barrel where itcontacts the cartridge. The GI acceptable.30-06 measurement can vary from 1.940inches to 1.949 before rejection. A rifle withexcessive headspace is dangerous to fire.


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HEAT LOT :A code stamped into the receiver, bolt, andbarrel to identify the batch of steel used.Raw material delivered by the steel supplierincluded a list of the alloys in the batch.Springfield metallurgists assigned a code tothat batch or heat (also melt) of steel.The code identified the supplier and the lot,such as REP 23A. The heat lot was a qualitycontrol measure that would allow all partsmade from a particular batch to beidentified if problems like crackingdeveloped.

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HOODED SIGHT :

The late National Match rear sight aperturethat included a small cylinder capable of half-minute adjustments. The actual

aperture hole was in effect shrouded by thecylinder or hood.

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IMPORT MARKS : Various stampings on imported rifles asrequired by law. Importers were requiredto mark their rifles with their identification,such as CAI St Albans VT for Century Arms.Collectors generally do not like importmarks.

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IN THE WHITE :

A part manufactured with no finish. In

early production some parts were notParkerized, and assembled to rifles in thatstate.

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KEYSTONE SPRING :

The operating rod spring used on earlymodels, made from keystone- shaped wirethat appears square. The operation of thisspring was sometimes sluggish, and asecond compensating spring was added.In 1940 the Wallace Barnes Companydeveloped a roundwire spring that replacedboth and was used from 1941 to the end of production.

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LATE :

Any part with final characteristics that isfamiliar to all.


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LEND LEASE :During the early days of WW II the US sentlarge quantities of weapons to Great Britain,including 38,001 M1 rifles. Most of theserifles were not used and were importedback to the US by Interarmco for sale on thecivilian market. They bear a series of Britishproof marks, usually in the barrel date area.When imported, these rifles also carried aband of red paint around the fronthandguard denoting that they are not thestandard British caliber, but this mark wasusually removed by collectors. See BRITISHPROOFS.

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LMR :The contractor code for Line MaterialCompany, a producer of barrels in theKorean War era. LMR supplied barrels forInternational Harvester rifles. Some wereused by Harrington & Richardson and forrebuild programs. They were especiallyaccurate, and a small number were used bySpringfield Armory on National Matchrifles.

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LOCK BAR :A rectangular part used to tighten the rearsight. Early sights often loosened during


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firing, and the retaining nut was replacedby a bar that could apply greater tension(see FLUSH NUT). After WW II a satisfactory

sight without lock bar was used.

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LONG CHANNEL :

The front portion of the barrel channel inearly stocks. The length of this channel wasreduced after occasional binding of theoperating rod was encountered.

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M1C :The standard M1 Sniper rifle of late WW IIusing the Griffin and Howe scope mountingsystem. This system consisted of a dovetailbracket or base screwed to the receiverand a ring mount that slid onto it. The

telescope used was the military version of the Lyman Alaskan designated either M81or M82 according to the reticule. Althoughthere is no evidence of its use in WW II, itwas employed in the Korean War.

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reassemble the refurbished rifle. AWinchester part on a Springfield rifle is anexample.

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MODEL SHOP :

A research and development facility atSpringfield Armory. The first 80 M1 rifleswere constructed under the personalsupervision of John Garand. Collectors callthose rifles the Model Shop Rifles. Massproduction began with #81.

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MUZZLE WEAR :

The condition of the front of the bore.Excessive wear at the muzzle can effectaccuracy. Most collectors value low MW.

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NATIONAL MATCH :The target version of the M1 rifle developedby Springfield Armory for the NationalMatches held annually at Camp Perry andfor general competition shooting.Springfield produced these rifles from 1953through 1963. DCM sold NM rifles to


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qualified buyers from 1955 to 1973.

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NO-TRAP :An early buttstock without provision forstorage of cleaning equipment in the butt.Both Springfield and Winchester initiallymade rifles with a solid, one-piece butt platecovering the rear of the stock. Although thestock had lightening holes, there was noaccess to them. In 1940 a new butt plate

with a small trap door was instituted, andthe rear of the stock was inletted toaccommodate the hinge. Original no-trapstocks are highly prized by collectorsrestoring older rifles to original condition.

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NUMBERED : A part marked with its drawing number.Practically all parts on early rifles werenumbered. The earliest marks used thedrawing size letter followed a dash and thepart number. As mass productionincreased, the dash between the letter andnumber was usually dropped in favor of

just a space, and later the space wasomitted. Finally, the parts mark wasdropped altogether. There are exceptions tothe normal sequence. See DRAWINGNUMBER , DASH.


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ORDNANCE WHEEL :

The Ordnance Department escutcheonconsisting of crossed cannons in a circularborder. This stamp was superceded by theDefense Acceptance Stamp in 1953.

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POSTAGE STAMP :

A style of receiver logo on InternationalHarvester rifles in which all lines of text areof equal length. This style is the standardmarking for the bulk of IHC production.

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PROOF P (Also Circle P) :

A mark in the pistol grip of the stock

indicating high pressure testing. All rifleswere so marked as part of initial acceptancetests, and the lack of the mark indicateseither extensive wear, sanding, or areplacement stock. Various styles of P.


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REBUILD : The process of refurbishing worn rifles.Rebuilding began early in M1 history asrifles became worn during use. In theprocess the rifle was completelydisassembled, worn barrels replaced, andthe rifle was usually refinished. Anyserviceable parts were used in reassembly,resulting in a mix of early or late parts of allmanufacturers (see MIXMASTER ). An earlymarking of rebuilt rifles was SA-52 stampedbehind the rear sight. Later rebuildprograms employed electric pencilmarkings on the right front receiver leg toindicate the rebuild facility and the date of rebuild.

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RED BAND (Also Red Paint) :

A British marking to show that a weaponwas not the standard British caliber. Inrifles the regulation called for a band of redpaint near the lower band and the caliberwritten in black as .30 or .300; see LENDLEASE.

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RELIEVED (Also stress relieved) :

The small cut made in the corner of theoperating rod where the saddle joins theshank. Early rods were cut square at thatpoint and were subject to cracking in thecorner. Many older rods were modifiedwith a stress-relief cut, and later rods weremanufactured with the cut.


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REPRO :

A reproduction part; not original GI. Often afake represented as original.

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RESTORATION : The process of returning a rifle to itsoriginal configuration. Many collectorswant rifles in as manufactured conditionand will replace incorrect parts with theversions that were used at the time the riflewas originally made (see MIXMASTER ).

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REWELD :

The common collector term for a rifle madefrom demilled receiver halves (see DEMIL).In the 1960s and 1970s the governmentdestroyed surplus M1 rifles by cutting thereceiver in half with a torch. Dealers boughtthe scrap halves and welded them backtogether to make rifles, especially theso-called Tanker Garands.

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SIGHT SEAL : A sheet metal cover pressed over the frontsight screw to prevent tampering with thefactory setting. The seal was eliminated in1943 and was removed from earlier riflesduring rebuild. An intact seal is prized bycollectors of original rifles. Reproductionseals exist.


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SINGLE SLOT :

The early gas cylinder lock screw withoutpoppet valve. Also called solid screw.Replaced by valve-type in 1943.

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SLANT CUT:

The shape of the front of the operating rodboss. Early Springfield rods and mostWinchester rods were cut at an angle infront. Later SA and all Korean eraproducers used a later version with avertical front cut.


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SQUARE SPRING :

See KEYSTONE SPRING.

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STAMPED :A part made by stamping or bending it to

shape, rather than by a series of machinecuts (see MILLED).

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TANKER : A deceptive term for a shortenedcommercial version of the M1. Near the endof WW II a cut down M1 was tested and

rejected. Gun dealers later began tomanufacture this type to sell many of thewelded receivers they had made (seeREWELD ), and coined the term Tanker tosuggest use by tank crews.

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THROAT EROSION :

The amount of wear to the rear of the bore.Erosion is measured with a Throat ErosionGage, and a reading of 5 or more indicateswear that could affect accuracy. Collectorsconsider TE in their valuation of a rifle.


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TWO TONE :

See ANNEALED RECEIVER .

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TYPE 1 NATIONAL MATCH :The early version of the target rifle made bySpringfield Armory from 1953 to 1959.These rifles were essentially standard riflesbuilt to exact specifications and selected foraccuracy. Collectors pay a premium for thistype versus the second type called Type 2.

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TYPE 2 NATIONAL MATCH : The later version of the National Matchrifle. Springfield Armory instituted annualaccuracy improvements that in 1960included fiberglass bedding to mate thestock to the receiver and trigger group.Collectors considered these bedded rifles asdifferent from the earlier Type 1 andidentified them as Type 2. They weremanufactured from 1960 to 1963 and werethe ultimate version of the target rifle.

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WELDED RECEIVER :

See REWELD .


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