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Objectives

Understand the association between specific

tools and special forcible entry needs.

Describe the basic construction of typicaldoors, windows, and walls.

Know the dangers associated with forcing

entry through doors, windows, and walls.

Know how forcible entry relates to salvage.

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Introduction (1 of 2)

Forcible entry

Method to gain access when normal

means of entry cannot be used Requires strength, knowledge, proper

techniques, and skill

Use amount of force appropriate tosituation.

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Introduction (2 of 2)

Arrange to secure the opening before

leaving scene.

Keep up with how new styles ofwindows, doors, locks, and security

devices operate.

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Forcible Entry Situations

Required at emergency incidents wheretime is a critical factor

Effect a rescue. Control a fire before it extends.

Company officer selects

Point of entry Method to be used

Try before you pry!

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Forcible Entry Tools

Fire fighters must know:

What tools are available

Uses and limitations of each tool

How to select the right tool

How to operate each tool

How to carry each tool

How to inspect and maintain each tool

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General Tool Safety

Incorrect use or improper maintenance

can be dangerous.

Always wear proper PPE.

Use the right tool for the job.

Keep tools clean and serviced.

Take broken tools out of service for repair.

Keep tools in proper area or container.

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General Carrying Tips (1 of 2)

Request assistance

with heavy tools.

Use your legs to liftheavy tools.

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General Carrying Tips (2 of 2)

Keep sharp edges and points away

from your body.

Cover them with a gloved hand.

Carry long tools pointing down.

Be aware of overhead wires.

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General Maintenance Tips (1 of 2)

All tools should be in

a ready state.

Tools must be inworking order, in

their storage place,

and ready for use.

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General Maintenance Tips (2 of 2)

Tools require regular maintenance and

cleaning to ensure readiness.

Perform required checks conscientiously.

Follow manufacturers guidelines and

instructions.

Keep proper records of maintenance,repairs, and warranty work performed.

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Types of Forcible Entry Tools

Striking Tools

Prying/Spreading Tools

Cutting Tools

Lock/Specialty Tools

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Striking Tools

Used to generate an impact force

directly on an object or another tool

Head usually made of hardened steel

Flat-head axe

Battering ram

Sledgehammer

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Flat-Head Axe

One side of the axe head is a cutting

blade.

Other side is a flat striking surface.

Fire fighters often use flat side to strike

a Halligan tool and drive a wedge into

an opening.

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Battering Ram

Used to forced doors and breach walls

Usually made of hardened steel and

has handles

Two to four people needed to use

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Sledgehammer

Sometimes called mauls

Come in various weights and sizes

Head of hammer can weigh from 2 to 20pounds.

Handle may be short like a carpenters

hammer or long like an axe handle. Can be used alone to break down a

door or with other striking tools

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Prying/Spreading Tools

Halligan tool

Pry bar/Hux bar/Crow bar

Pry axe

Hydraulic tools

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Halligan Tool (1 of 2)

Widely used

Commonly used to

perform forcibleentry

Pairing with a flat-

head axe creates

the irons

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Halligan Tool (2 of 2)

Incorporates adz, pick, and claw

Adz end pries open doors and windows.

Pick end makes holes or breaks glass.

Claw pulls nails and pries apart wooden

slats.

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Pry Bar

Made from hardened steel in a varietyof shapes and sizes

Commonly used to force doors andwindows, remove nails, or separatebuilding materials

Various shapes allow fire fighters toexert different amounts of leverage indiverse situations.

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Pry Axe (1 of 2)

A multipurpose tool

Used to cut and

force open doorsand windows

Includes adz, pick,

claw

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Pry Axe (2 of 2)

Consists of two parts

Body has the adz and pick.

Handle has a claw at the end. Can be extended to provide extra leverage.

May be removed and inserted into the head of

the adz to provide rotational leverage.

Use extreme caution.

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Hydraulic Tools

Spreaders

Cutters

Rams Require hydraulic

pressure

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Rabbet Tool

Small hydraulic spreader operated by a

hand-powered pump

Tool designed with teeth that fit intodoor jamb or rabbet

As spreader opens, it applies a powerful

force that opens doors.

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Cutting Tools

Primarily used for cutting doors, roofs,

walls, and floors

Hand operated and power cutting tools

Axe

Bolt cutters

Circular saw

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Axe (1 of 2)

Many different types

of axes

Cutting edge of axeused to break into

plaster and wood

walls, roofs, and

doors

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Axe (2 of 2)

Flat-head

Pick-head

Pry axe

Multipurpose axes

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Bolt Cutters

Used to cut metal components as bolts,padlocks, chains, and chain-link fences

Available in several different sizes The longer the handle, the greater the

cutting force.

May not be able to cut into some heavy-duty padlocks made of case-hardenedmetal

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Circular Saw

Gasoline-powered

Light, powerful, and easy-to-use

Blades can be changed quickly.

Carbide-tipped blades

Metal-cutting blades

Masonry-cutting blades

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Lock/Specialty Tools (1 of 2)

Used to disassemble the locking

mechanism on a door

Cause minimal damage to the door andthe door frame

Experienced user can usually gain entry

in less than a minute.

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Lock/Specialty Tools (2 of 2)

K tool

A tool

J tool

Shove Knife

Duck-billed lock breakers

Locking pliers and chain

Bam-bam tool

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K Tool

Designed to shear

off a lock cylinder so

it can be removed

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A Tool

Similar to the K tool,

but has a pry bar

built into the cutter

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J Tool

Used to open

double doors that

have panic bars

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Lock Tools/Specialty Tools

Shove knife

Opens older model doors

Duck-billed lock breakers Opens padlocks

Bam-bam tool

Used to pull the tumbler out of a lock

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Construction Material

Wood

Metal

Glass

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Wood (1 of 2)

Slab

Solid-core

Solid wood core

blocks covered by a

face panel

Hollow-core

Lightweight,

honeycomb interior

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Wood (2 of 2)

Ledge

Wood doors with horizontal bracing

Panel Solid wood doors made from solid planks

to form a rigid frame with solid wood

panels set into the frame

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Metal

Hollow-core metal doors

Have a metal framework interior so they

are lightweight Solid-core metal doors

Have a foam or wood interior to reduce

weight without affecting strength

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Glass

Generally steel frame with tempered

glass or tempered glass only

Easy to force

Produce a large amount of broken glass

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Types of Doors (1 of 2)

Inward-opening

Outward-opening

Sliding doors

Revolving doors

Overhead doors

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Types of Doors (2 of 2)

Hinges indicate if

door is inward- or

outward-opening. Outward

Hinges are visible.

Inward

Hinges are not

visible.

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Door Frames (1 of 2)

Wood-framed doors

Stopped door frames

Have a piece of wood attached to the frame tostop the door from swinging past the latch

Rabbeted door frames

Have a stop cut built into the frame so it cannot

be removed

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Door Frames (2 of 2)

Metal-framed doors are more difficult to

force open.

Look like rabbeted door frames

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Inward-Opening Doors (1 of 2)

Design

Made of wood, steel, or glass

Have an exterior frame with a stop orrabbet

Locking mechanisms range from standard

door knob locks to deadbolt locks or sliding

latches.

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Inward-Opening Doors (2 of 2)

Forcing Entry

Determine what type of frame the door

has. Use a prying tool near the locking

mechanism to pry the stop away from the

frame.

Use a striking tool to force the prying tool

further into the jamb.

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Outward-Opening Doors (1 of 2)

Design

Used in commercial

occupancies and for

most exists

Designed for a quick

exit

Made of wood,

metal, or glass

Usually have

exposed hinges

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Outward-Opening Doors (2 of 2)

Forcing entry

Check to see if hinges can be

disassembled or hinge pins removed. Place adz end of prying tool into the door

frame.

Use striking tool.

Leverage the tool to force the door outward

away from the jamb.

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Sliding Doors (1 of 2)

Design

Made of tempered

glass in a wood or

metal frame

Have two sections

and a double track

A weak latch on the

frame of the door

secures the movable

side.

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Sliding Doors (2 of 2)

Forcing Entry

Check whether a security rod is in the door

track. If present, try another door.

If not present, use a pry bar to lever door

away from locking mechanism.

If necessary, break the glass.

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Revolving Doors (1 of 2)

Design

Made of four glass

panels with metal

frames

Designed to collapse

outward when

pushed backward

Usually surrounded

by outward-swinging

doors

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Revolving Doors (2 of 2)

Forcing Entry

Should be avoided whenever possible

Opening will not be large enough to allowmany people to exit.

Can be done by attacking the locking

mechanism directly or by breaking the

glass.

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Overhead Doors (1 of 2)

Design

Can roll up or tilt

Made of wood ormetal

May be hollow-core

or solid-core

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Overhead Doors (2 of 2)

Forcing entry

Break out a panel or window and manually

operate lock from within. Always securely prop door open to prevent

door closing.

Security roll-up door

Cut triangle-shape entry.

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Windows (1 of 2)

Usually easier to force than doors

Frames made of wood, metal, vinyl

Glass is the easiest way to force awindow, but also the most dangerous.

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Windows (2 of 2)

Safety

Wear PPE with face and eye protection.

Clear area of personnel. Coordinate with fire attack to prevent flare-

ups and backdrafts.

Completely clear frame of glass shards.

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Glass Construction

Regular or Annealed Glass

Double-Pane Glass

Plate Glass

Laminated Glass

Tempered Glass

Wire Glass

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Regular or Annealed Glass

Commonly used because it is

inexpensive

Larger pieces called plate glass Easily broken with a pike pole

Watch out for shards.

Can penetrate helmets, boots, and other

protective gear

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Double-Pane Glass

Used in many homes because it

improves home insulation

Uses two panes with an air pocketbetween them

Two panes need to be broken

separately. Watch out for shards.

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Plate Glass

Commercial plate glass is stronger,

thicker glass used in large window

openings. Can easily be broken with a Halligan

tool or pike pole

Watch out for large shards.

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Laminated Glass

Also known as safety glass

Molded sheet of plastic between two

sheets of glass Commonly used in vehicle windshields

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Tempered Glass

Specially heat-treated

Four times stronger than regular glass

Common in side and rear vehiclewindows, commercial or sliding doors

Breaks into small pellets without sharp

edges

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Wired Glass

Tempered glass with wire reinforcement

Often used in fire-rated doors

Difficult to break

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Frame Designs

Double-Hung Window

Single-Hung Window

Jalousie Window

Awning Window

Horizontal-Sliding Window

Casement Window

Projected Window

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Double-Hung Windows (1 of 2)

Design

Two sashes move up

and down

Common in

residences

One center lock or

one on either side

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Double-Hung Windows (2 of 2)

Forcible entry

Break locking mechanism to force entry.

Place a prying tool under the lower sashand force it up.

May be cheaper and easier to break glass.

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Single-Hung Windows (1 of 2)

Design

Upper sash is fixedonly lower sash

moves. Locking mechanism is the same.

May be difficult to distinguish between

single-hung and double-hung from exterior.

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Single-Hung Windows (2 of 2)

Forcing entry

Use same technique as forced entry

through double-hung window. Breaking glass and opening the window is

generally easier.

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Jalousie Windows

Adjustable,

overlapping sections

of tempered glass

Operated by hand

crank

Difficult to force

Avoid if possible.

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Awning Windows

Like jalousie, but only

one or two panels

Break open lower panel

and operate crank.

Break out panels.

May be easier to force

than jalousie due to

larger panel size

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Horizontal-Sliding Windows

Similar to sliding doors

Rods and poles are placed to prevent

break-ins. Force in the same manner as sliding

doors.

Attempt to locate another window if asecurity rod is present.

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Casement Windows

Steel- or wood-frame windows that

crank open

Similar to jalousie or awning windows Should be avoid because they are

difficult to open

To force, break glass, unlock, and openmanually.

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Projected Windows (1 of 2)

Also called factory

windows

Avoid forcing entry

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Projected Windows (2 of 2)

To force entry, break a pane, unlock,

and open the window manually.

If opening is not large enough, breakout entire assembly.

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Parts of a Door Lock

Latch

Catches and holds

the door frame

Operator lever

The handle

Deadbolt

A second, separatelatch that locks and

reinforces

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Parts of a Padlock

Shackle

U-shaped top of the

lock

Unlocking Device

The key way or

combination dial

Lock Body Main part of padlock

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Safety

Keep cutting tools sharp.

Use proper PPE.

Gloves

Eye protection

Face protection

Have others stand away.

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Types of Locks

Cylindrical Locks

Padlocks

Mortise Locks

Rim Locks

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Cylindrical Locks (1 of 2)

Design

Most common type

of fixed lock in use

today

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Cylindrical Locks (2 of 2)

Forced entry

To force, place a pry bar near the locking

mechanism and lever it.

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Padlocks (1 of 2)

Most common locks

on the market today

Regular- and heavy-duty are available.

Come with various

unlocking devices

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Padlocks (2 of 2)

Forcing entry

Cut the shackle.

Breaking the shackle is the best method. If padlock is made of case-hardened steel,

many conventional methods will be

ineffective.

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Common Tools

Bolt cutters

Duck-billed lock breakers

Bam-bam tools

Locking pliers and chain

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Bolt Cutters

Can quickly and easily break regular-dutypadlocks

Cannot be used on heavy-duty case-

hardened steel padlocks To use, open jaws as wide as possible.

Close jaws around one side of the lockshackles.

Once the shackle is cut, the other side willspin freely and allow access.

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Duck-Billed Lock Breakers

Have a large metal wedge attached to ahandle

Place the narrow end of the wedge intothe center of the shackle.

Force it through with another strikingtool.

The wedge will spread the shackle untilit breaks.

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Bam-Bam Tool

Can pull the lockcylinder out of aregular-duty padlock

Has a cased-hardened screw thatis placed in keyway

Once screw is set,

the sliding hammerwill pull tumblers outof the padlock.

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Locking Pliers and Chain

Attached to a padlock to secure it

Then it can be cut safely with a rotary

saw or torch

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Mortise Locks

Found in hotel

rooms

Latch will lock door. Bolt can be used for

added security.

Difficult to force

Use through-the-

lock technique.

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Rim Locks/Deadbolts

Used as secondary

locks

Have a bolt that

extends at least 1"

into the door frame

Difficult to force

Use through-the-lock method.

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Breaching Walls and Floors

Breach only as a

last resort.

First consider if wall

is load-bearing.

Could cause

collapse if breached

Nonbearing wallscan be removed

safely.

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Exterior Walls (1 of 2)

Can be constructed of one or more

materials

Wood, brick, aluminum siding, masonryblock, concrete, or metal

Whether to attempt to breach is a

difficult decision Masonry, metal, and brick are formidablematerials.

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Exterior Walls (2 of 2)

Breaking through can be very difficult.

Best tools to use are:

Battering ram Sledgehammer

Rotary saw with a concrete blade

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Interior Walls (1 of 2)

Constructed of wood or metal studs

covered by plaster, gypsum, or

sheetrock in residences Commercial buildings may have

concrete block interior walls.

Breaching an interior wall can bedangerous.

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Interior Walls (2 of 2)

Locate a stud away from electrical

outlets and switches.

Make a small hole to check forobstructions.

If area is clear, expand to reveal studs.

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Floors

Most floors arewood or pouredconcrete.

Both can be difficultto breach.

This is truly a lastresort.

Use a rotary sawwith appropriateblade.

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Forcible Entry and Salvage

Try to keep damage to a minimum.

Secure structure before leaving.

Replace locks or board up entry point. Ensure guard is on-site or request

additional police patrols.

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Summary

Try before you pry.

Use the minimum amount of force

necessary to gain access. Knowledge of building construction is

essential to successful forcible entry.

Use proper PPE. Use and carry tools safely.