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G & M Codes

G&M Codes make up the most of the contents of the CNC program. The definition of each class of code and specific meanings of

the most important codes are covered next.

G-Codes

Codes that begin with G are called preparatory words because they prepare the machine for a certain type of motion. The most

common Gcodes are shown in Table !." and a complete list and their meaning is included in #ppx $ GM Codes %eference.

Note 'lder controls re(uired Gcodes to be written with a leading )ero* like G+,. Most machines now

allow the leading )ero to be omitted* as shown in the table below.

Table !." Common GCodes

Code Meaning

G0 %apid motion. -sed to position the machine for nonmilling moves.

G1 ine motion at a specified feed rate.

G2 Clockwise arc.

G3 Counterclockwise arc.

G4 $well.

G28 %eturn to machine home position.

G40 Cutter $iameter Compensation /C$C0 off.

G41 Cutter $iameter Compensation /C$C0 left.

G42 Cutter $iameter Compensation /C$C0 right.

G43 Tool length offset /T'0.

G54 1ixture 'ffset 2,.

G55 1ixture 'ffset 23.

G56 1ixture 'ffset 2".

G57 1ixture 'ffset 24.

G58 1ixture 'ffset 2!.

G59 1ixture 'ffset 25.

G80 Cancel drill cycle.

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G81 6imple drill cycle.

G82 6imple drill cycle with dwell.

G83 7eck drill cycle.

G84 Tap cycle.

G90 #bsolute coordinate programming mode.

G91 8ncremental coordinate programming mode.

G98 $rill cycle return to 8nitial point /%0.

G99 $rill cycle return to %eference plane /last 9 :eight0

M-Codes

Codes that begin with M are called miscellaneous words. They control machine auxiliary options like coolant and spindle

direction. 'nly one Mcode can appear in each block of code.

The table below lists the most common M codes and their meaning. # complete list of Mcodes is included in #ppx $ GM Codes

%eference.

Table !.4 Common MCodes

Code Meaning

M0 7rogram stop. 7ress Cycle 6tart button to continue.

M1 'ptional stop. 'nly executed if 'p 6top switch on the CNC control is turned 'N.

M2 ;nd of program.

M3 6pindle on Clockwise.

M4 6pindle on Counterclockwise.

M5 6pindle stop.

M6 Change tool.

M8 Coolant on.

M9 Coolant off.

M30 ;nd program and press Cycle 6tart to run it again.

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