STANDARDS: TSW evaluate the scientific and ethical concerns
surrounding DNA/genetic technologies Evaluate DNA fingerprinting,
recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering. Objectives
:
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PURPOSE OF GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES Processing DNA from the scene
of a crime Improve food crops Determine if a person carries the
gene for a particular disorder Determine if a person has the gene
that will cause a particular disorder before symptoms begin
Identify the father of a child Research treatments and cures for
genetic diseases
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DNA TECHNOLOGIES
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DNA IDENTIFICATION Every person shares 99.9% of the same DNA.
.01% variations can be used to identify an individual
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TWO KINDS OF FINGERPRINTS
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WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING? A technique used by scientists to
distinguish between individuals by using the.01% variations in
their DNA Non-coding regions of DNA contain repetitive sequences.
Each person has a different number of these varying sequences.
(VNTR = Variable Number Tandem Repeats)
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STEPS IN DNA IDENTIFICATION Copy the DNA billions of times =
PCR Cut it with restriction enzymes Sort the DNA using gel
electrophoresis PCR animation Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Labs
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USING FRAGMENTS TO IDENTIFY Was the suspect at the crime
scene?
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PATERNITY TESTING By comparing the DNA profile of a mother and
her child, it is possible to identify the biological father.
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PATERNITY TEST
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USING DNA FINGERPRINTING FOR IDENTIFICATION
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ACCURACY OF DNA PROFILING 13 different locations for VNTR are
analyzed The probability that 2 individuals (not identical twins)
all the same VNTR is 1 in 100 billion There are only ~6.5 billion
people on the planet
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RECOMBINANT DNA
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WHAT GOOD ARE BACTERIA?
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Protein Factories!! All they do is produce their proteins, each
and every day! BACTERIAL CELL
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HOW COULD WE UTILIZE THIS? If we give the bacteria the gene
sequence we desire, it will make the proteins we wish!
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RECOMBINANT DNA When DNA from two different organisms are
joined
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OTHER APPLICATIONS FOR RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY Vaccines! We
can inject the protein from a virus without giving you the actual
virus. Example: The newest flu vaccines!
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HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
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Began in early 90s. By 2003, the sequencing was complete Coded
the entire human genome onto computers for analysis and study
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WHAT DID WE LEARN? Only about 2% of our genome codes for
proteins The genome is smaller than we thought! Estimated that we
have 100,000 protein-coding genes We actually have about 20-25,000
protein coding genes
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HOW DO WE USE THE INFO? Carrier screenings Genetic diagnostic
testing Cancer and other genetic disorders research
REPRODUCTIVE CLONING Creates an entire copy of an organism
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THERAPEUTIC CLONING Creates only a part of an organism like an
organ for transplantation
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GM CROPS Adding genes to plants to: Make resistant to
wee-controlling chemicals Resistant to plants Yield more crops
because they are better protected
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CONTROVERSY Pros Higher crop yields Help alleviate world hunger
problems Cons What if resistance transfers to weeds? Safe to eat?
Increase population size
