Genre (1)

The type of story

Examples: Nonfiction, Fiction, Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Biography, Science Fiction, Short Story, Fable, Myth, etc.

Narrator (2)

The person telling the story

This is not always the author, sometimes it is just a character in the story.

1st Person POV (3)

Point of view that uses “I”, “My”, “Me”, “We”Example: I woke up early today.

A personal narrative, an autobiography, person telling the story is main character

2nd Person POV (4)

Point of View where the author uses “you”.

Example: You woke up early today.

Instructions, Recipes

3rd Person Limited POV (5)

Point of View that uses “He”, “She”, “They” but tells only one character’s point of view.

Example: She woke up early today.

3rd person Omniscient POV (6)

Point of View that uses “He”, “She”, “They” and tells many characters points of view.

Narrator knows and tells what a character is thinking.

Characters (7)

The people in the story

This isn’t necessarily always people, could be animals(fables), higher Beings(myths), or inanimate objects(children’s books)

Conflict (8)

The problem in the story

Every story has a conflict.

Setting (9)

When and where the story takes place

Time and Place

Should be established at the beginning of a story.

Plot (10)

The order of events in the story

This is also the storyline, what happens in the story.

Climax (11)

The most exciting part of a story

This is what all of the action is leading up to.

Exposition (12)

The beginning of the story, where the author exposes the setting, characters, plot, etc.

Resolution (13)

The end of the story, where the conflict is worked out.

Theme (14)

Main idea of a story

A unifying or dominant idea in a story or poem

Examples: good always prevails over evil; love conquers all

Rising Action (15)

The action leading up to the climax

Falling Action (16)

The action after the climax

Literal language (17)

Words that mean exactly what they say.

This is the opposite of figurative language

Figurative language (18)

Words or phrases that mean something other than the literal meaning.

Personification, Idiom, Simile, Metaphor, Alliteration, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia

Simile (19)

A comparison of two things using “like” or “as”

Example: He was like a lion.

Metaphor (20)

Comparing two unlike objects

Example: You are a ray of sunshine.

Onomatopoeia (21)

Words that imitate a sound or action

Example: Crash, Buzz, Whack, Hiss

Personification (22)

Giving inanimate objects or animals human characteristics or qualities

Example: The blades of grass danced in the wind.

Idiom (23)

An expression or saying that has connotation not literal meaningExample: Eats like a pig Chew the fat Backseat driver

Alliteration (24)

Repeating the 1st letter or sound in sequential words

Example: Timmy the turtle toddled through the tundra.

Hyperbole (25)

Exaggerations usually used for humor.

Example: I’ve told you a million times to stop it.

Inform (26)

Authors purpose is to give you information about a subject or teach you something.

Example: research report, nonfiction

Persuade (27)

Author’s purpose is to change your mind or your way of thinking.

Example: Commercial/Advertisement

Entertain (28)

Author’s purpose is to make you have fun.

Example: a fiction story

Characterization (29)

How you would describe a character using physical description, feelings, thoughts, environment, speech, other’s opinions

Imagery (30)

Uses 5 senses to describe a scene.

Sight, sound, taste, smell, feeling

Major Characters (31)

Characters central to the plot.

Example: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger

Minor Characters (32)

Characters that are not central to the plot.

Example: a store keeper

Dialogue (33)

What the characters are saying.

Dialogue is always surrounded by quotation marks “I saw you,” she said.

Reference Materials (34)

Books used to look up information.

Example: Dictionary, Atlas, Thesaurus, Almanac, Encyclopedia, Newspaper

Thesaurus (35)

A book of synonyms

Use it to look up “juicy” words (tier 2 adjectives)

Dictionary (36)

A book of words that shows the meanings, syllabification, word origin, parts of speech, etc.

Atlas (37)

A book of maps and geographic charts

Encyclopedia (38)

A book of articles on various subjects

Glossary (39)

Definitions in the back of a book

Almanac (40)

A book of facts

Example: info on countries, rainfall, sports stats

Phone Book (41)

Gives addresses and phone numbers

Table of Contents (42)

List of chapter headings at the beginning of a book

Caption (43)

Words under or beside a picture that describe the picture

Index (44)

List of topics with page numbers in the back of a book

Headline (45)

Large Titles in a Newspaper

Free Verse (46)

Unrhymed poetry

Rhyme Scheme (47)

Rhyming pattern of the last word in a poetry line.

Example: Roses are red

Violets are blue

I have said

I love you

This poem would have an ABAB rhyme scheme because every other line rhymes.

Speaker (48)

The narrator of a poem

Haiku (49)

Poetry with only 3 lines that contain a 5-7-5 syllable structure

Example: My mother is great

She loves me so very much

She is wonderful

Stanza (50)

A paragraph in a poem made up of a series of lines

Cinquain (51)

A 5 line poem with a 2,4,6,8,2 word scheme

Limerick (52)

5 line poem that is humorous and has a unique rhythm.

Fiction (53)

A made up or untrue story

Non-fiction (54)

A factual or true story

Biography (55)

A book about a person’s life not written by that person

Autobiography (56)

A book about a person written by that person

Drama (57)

A play

Comedy (58)

A light and humorous story with a happy ending

Mystery (59)

A story with conflict that must be solved with clues

Science Fiction (60)

A futuristic story with science and technology

Historical Fiction (61)

A fictional story that is set in a historical time period.

Fable (62)

A short story, usually with animals, that teaches a lesson

Moral (63)

The lesson in a fable

Folktale (64)

Traditional stories that are usually told orally through generations

Fantasy (65)

A story with magic and/or magical creatures

Myth (66)

Stories to explain nature with gods and goddesses

Titles (67)

Put titles in “quotation marks” if the selection is short: poems, songs, short stories, chapters of books, articles in newspapers or magazines.

Underline titles of books, plays, magazines, newspapers, TV shows, movies, and CD’s

Standard Essay Format (68)

5 Paragraph Essay

Indent ParagraphsDo not skip lines between paragraphsIntro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion

Topic Sentence must include 3 reasons

Persuasive Essay (69)

5 paragraph essay where you are persuading someone to change their way of thinking. State your position with 3 reasons why.

Intro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion.

Use strong, descriptive language

Noun (70)

Words that name people, places, things, or ideas

Ex. Mother, beach, table, courage

Proper Noun (71)

Words that name a specific person, place, or thing; always starts with a capital letter

Ex: Peggy, California, Doritos

Verb (72)

Words that show action or link a subject to another word in the sentence

Ex: run, jump, paint, is, was

Adjective (73)

Words that describe nouns or pronouns

Ex: red, tall, handsome, smart

Adverb (74)

A word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb: often ends in “-ly”

Ex: very, quickly, now, bravely

Preposition (75)

Words that show position or direction and introduce prepositional phrases

Ex: about, up, inside, upon, between, to

Interjection (76)

Words (set off by commas or an exclamation point) that show strong emotions

Ex: Stop! Hey, Ouch!

Conjunction (77)

Words that connect other words or groups of words

Ex: and, but, or, yet, nor, because

Pronoun (78)

A word that replaces a noun

Ex: he, she, it, them, we

Subject (79)

Who or what the sentence is about

Ex: The small dog jumped over the fence.

Simple subject: dogComplete subject: The small dog

Predicate (80)

Tells what the subject is or does

Ex: The small dog jumped over the fence

Simple predicate: jumpedComplete predicate: jumped over the fence

Declarative Sentence (81)

Makes a statement

Ex: The milk is in the refrigerator.

Interrogative Sentences (82)

Asks a question

Ex: Where is the milk?

ImperativeSentence (83)

Gives a command

Ex: Set the table.

ExclamatorySentence (84)

Communicates strong emotion or surprise

Ex: I can’t believe you spilled the milk!

Antonym (85)

A word that means the opposite of another word

Ex: white…black tall…short open…closed

Synonym (86)

A word that means the same as another word

Ex: big…huge little…small mad…angry

Homonym (87)

Two or more words that sound the same and may be spelled the same, but have different meanings. (Homophones)

Ex: to, too, two there, they’re, their here, hear

Root Word (88)

The form of a word after all affixes are removed

Ex: nondairy…dairy pretest…test establishment…establish

Prefix (89)

An affix attached to the front of a word that changes its meaning.

Ex: impossible…the prefix “im-” changes the word possible to mean not possible

Suffix (90)

An affix attached to the end of a word that changes its meaning or tense

Ex: Responsible…the suffix “-ible” changes the word response to mean able to respondRefused…the suffix “-ed” changes the word refuse to past tense

Text StructureCause and Effect (91)

Passage written to explain why something happened and the result of it happening.

Text StructureDescription(92)

Passage written to describe a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing its features, characteristics, or examples

Text StructureCompare and Contrast(93)

Passage written to show how two or more things are alike and/or different

Text StructureChronological Order (94)

Passage written in time order in which the events occurred

Text StructurePros and Cons (95)

Passage written to explain the good qualities of something (pros) and the bad qualities of something (cons)

Text StructureMain Idea and Details(96)

Passage written to identify key concepts and information that support the concept

Text StructureProblem and Solution (97)

Passage written that identifies a problem and the solution to the problem

Text StructureClassification Schemes (98)

Passage written that breaks the information into specific classifications or categories.

Text StructureSequential Order (99)

Passage written that describes the order or tells the steps to follow to do something or make something.

In-text CitationsDirect Quote with Signal

Phrase (100)

According to author’s full name, “Word for word quote from text” (#).

If author’s name is not given, use full title.

# = page, paragraph, or line number

In-text CitationsDirect Quote without Signal

Phrase (101)

“Word for word quote from text” (Name #).

In the citation, use author’s last name or if there is no author, use title up through the first noun.

# = page, paragraph, or line number

In-text CitationsParaphrase with Signal

Phrase (102)

According to author’s full name, paraphrased quote (#).

Paraphrase means put same information from the quote in your own words (don’t just rearrange the words!!).

If author’s name is not given, use full title.

In-text CitationsParaphrase without Signal

Phrase (103)

Paraphrased quote (Name #).

Paraphrase means put same information from the quote in your own words (don’t just rearrange the words!!).

In the citation, use author’s last name or if there is no author, use title up through the first noun.