geogrplat l2

8/17/2019 geogrplat l2

1/82

Burning and Melting of rocks


2/82

Divergent BoundaryPlate Interactions


3/82

• Ascending limb ofconvection current– below O /C

• Below ocean – MO

• Below continent –rift valley! nascent

sea

Divergent Plate Boundary


4/82

Oceanic crust - MORContinental crust

Divergent Plate Boundary


5/82

ift valley

P"ases of Divergent continentalcrust


6/82

P"ases of Divergent continentalcrust


7/82

#"e $reat African rift valley


8/82

ed sea – %ascent sea


9/82

Africa after &' ml years


10/82

(not of Plates


11/82

(not of )lates


12/82

*akes and %ile river +African riftvalley


13/82

African lakes


14/82

iver %ile


15/82

• ,rom -'&& on Blue %ile

• Africa.s largest"ydroelectric dam

• gy)t to lose water

s"are 0 "ydroelectricity from Aswan

• gy)t s"owedreservation but t"io)iadid not )ay "eed

• gy)t ready for militaryintervention

• Britis" treaties betweengy)t and 1udan

$rand enaissance dam! t"io)ia


16/82

• %ubian desert

• astern desert

• %amib desert

• *ake 2ictoria• *ake Malawi

• *ake #urkana

•*ake c"ad

• iver Congo

• iver %iger

• Mt3 (iliman4aro

•

(atanga )lateau• $rain coast

• Ivory coast

• $old coast

• 1lave coast

• Darfur

*ocations in Africa


17/82

Prelims -'''

53 6"ic" one of t"efollowing lakes form aninternational boundarybetween #an7ania and

8ganda9a: C"ad

b: Malawi

c: 2ictoria

d: ;ambe7i

8P1C

5uestion


18/82

O+OConvergent Plate Boundary


19/82

O+O convergence


20/82

• Islands in 1

Asia• Indo+ Austral

)late and

urasian )latemovement

• 2olcano 0 5

Island Arc


21/82

Mains

-'&<

53 =)lain t"eformation of t"ousandsof islands in Indonesiaand P"ili))ines

arc"i)elago9 >&':

8P1C

5uestion


22/82

Islands of 1out" ast Asia


23/82

Islands of Indian Ocean


24/82



25/82

O+C convergence


26/82

?3

• Andes !ockies!Atlas

mountain• ,rom Andes

@andesitic

rocks

• 2olcano 0

5

2olcanic Mountains


27/82

Andes mountain range


28/82

• Atacama desert

• Bolivian )lateau

•

*ake #iticaca• Mt3 Aconcagua >"ig"est )eak:

• Mt3 Coto)a=i

•

Mt3 C"imbra7o• *ake Maracaibo

*ocation near Andes


29/82

ockies mountain range


30/82

$rand canyon – Colorado river


31/82

• Columbia +snake )lateau

• $rand canyon /Colorado )lateau

•

Deat" valley• $reat salt lake

• Mt3*ogan >"ig"est )eak of rockies:

•

Mt3 Mckinley >"ig"est )eak of %3America: in Alaskan range

*ocations near ockies

5 ti


32/82

Prelims -''

53 6"ere is t"e volcanicmountain3 Mount3 1t3elens is located9

a: C"ileb: a)an

c: P"ili))inesd: 81A

Ans3 D:

8P1C

5uestion

5 ti


33/82

Mains-'&<

53 w"y are t"e world.sfold mountain systemslocated along t"emargins of continents9

Bring out t"eassociation betweenglobal distribution of

fold +mountains andeart"Euakes and

volcanoes >&':

8P1C

5uestion


34/82



35/82

C+C convergence


36/82


37/82

1. O-C convergence2. C-C convergence

imalayan formation


38/82

(arakoram range


39/82

Al)s mountain range


40/82

P"ysical ma) of uro)e


41/82

Bos)orus strait


42/82

City River

Paris 1eine

,rankfurt "ine

2enice Po2ienna!Buda)est!Belgrade

Danube

(iev Dniester

Berlin lbe

Cities of uro)e


43/82

• iversF "one! Danube and Po

• Black forest mountains

• mountainsF Pyrenees! A)ennines

• Islands of Mediterranean seaFBalearic! 1ardinia! Corsica! 1icily!Malta! Cy)rus

• 1traitsF Bonifacio! Messina! Marmara

• 1eaF #yrr"enian! Adriatic! Ionian andAegean

*ocations near Al)s


44/82

• 6"en two )latessli) )ass+oG eac"

ot"er• %o mountains but

seismic activity

• 1an Andreas fault

in California! 81A

#ransform Boundary


45/82

Plate movement

San Andreas fault,

USA

1an Andreas fault


46/82

• arly atmos)"ere –t"in layer of ! e

• %umerous

meteorites attackon eart"

• Break t"e surface

• 8nderlying lava

eru)tion

• ,irst oceanic crustformed

Meteorite Im)act t"eory


47/82

Continental driftH #"eories

5uestio


48/82

Prelims -'&&

53 Between India andast Asia! t"e

navigation time anddistance can be greatly

reduced by w"ic" of t"efollowing9

a: Dee)ening Malacca

strait betweenIndonesia and

Malaysia

8P1C

5uestion


49/82

*andforms on eart"


50/82

#y)es of mountains


51/82

,old mountains

$eomor


52/82

Mountains createddue to convergent

boundaries of bot"

&: O+C >ockies! Andes:

-: C+C >imalayas!Al)s:

Com)ressive forces of)lates

) oungest mountains

on eart"

,old

mountains

$eomor)"


53/82

&:=tensive mountain c"ain

H: $reat "eig"ts

C+C:

C"aracteristics of ,old mountains


54/82

•

Pull ofdescending limbof convectioncurrent

• great )ressureof com)ressiveforce e=erted byt"e convectioncells

P"ases of mountain building


55/82

• longated! narrow

de)ression oncontinentalmargins

• ere sedimentsfrom bot" landand oceanaccumulate

•

8nder intense)ressure!sediments of geo+syncline folded

$eo+syncline


56/82

• 1ediments fromcontinentalcrusts of bot")lates 0 geo+

syncline folded• Because of

sediments of

geo+syncline –marine origin

C+C collision


57/82

,old mountains of t"e world


58/82

&: Alaska range

-: ockies

H: Andes


59/82

• understanding of t"e origin andevolution of eart".s crust3

• At t"e time of t"e formation of t"e

eart" crust! Nrst basaltic crust of ocean+ breaking and melting + a lig"tercontinental crust develo)ed3

•

collide wit" one anot"er @ a largerland mass3

• #"e 4oints @ fold+mountains3

Im)ortance of mountain building

)rocess


60/82

#y)es of mountains


61/82

Block mountains formation


62/82

Block mountains formation


63/82

• ,ault+block mt3

• Due to forces wit"ininterior of t"e eart"

•

8)lifted )art @ "orst• de)ressed )art @

$rabben

• orst @ block

mountains• $rabben @ rift

valley

Block mountains


64/82

uro!e

"ndia

=am)le of block mountains

• a se and i


65/82

MeaningF

#able land!

u)land!"ig"er t"an

surroundingareas

duringmountainsbuilding)rocess

•rodedmountains

• roded dueto glaciers

• De)osition

from lava

Plateaus


66/82

"ntermontane !lateau

• Bolivia )lateau

• #ibetan )lateau• Columbia )lateau

• Colorado )lateau

• Anatolia Plateau>#urkey:

• Deccan )lateau

• (atanga )lateau• O7ark )lateau>81A:

• t"io)ian"ig"land

Continental !lateau

#y)es of )lateau

$


67/82

#lacial

!lateau

• $ra"wal

)lateau• *aurentian

)lateau>Canada:

• Columbia+

snake)lateau

>81A:• DeccanPlateau

• 1"an)lateau

$ava!lateau

#y)es of Plateau


68/82

• Origin of iverCongo and;ambe7i

•

Dense eEuatorialforest

• (nown forresources

+ $old! diamonds!Co))er

(atanga Plateau


69/82

• $ranite• *ess mobile!

cannotmoveu)ward

• Backbone offold

mountains

Bat"olit"


70/82

Plains

• Meaning

• ,lat areas wit" low"eig"ts

•Best for "uman"abitation

• Most )o)ulatedareas of t"e world –

alluvial )lains ofrivers

• De)ositional )lains

+ ivers

+ 1ea >sub+mergedcoast:

•

rosional )lains+ rosion of )lateau


71/82

Asia ur

o!e

Afri

ca

Sout

%America

&ort%

America

Indus Danu

be

%ile Ama7

on

Mississi))i –

Missouri$anga –Bra"ma)utra

"ine Congo

Parana+Paraguay

Colorado

angt7e>C"ina:

"one

%iger 1t3 *awrence

wang e>C"ina:

Po ;ambe7i

ukon

+

Im)ortant river basins of t"e world


72/82

angt7e river! C"ina


73/82

• %avigable river – H of C"ina.s )o)ulation

• 1ic"uan basin – rice cultivation

• 1"ang"ai – biggest )ort of C"ina

• 6u"an – Iron and steel

• %an4ing – te=tile! iron and steel

• C"engdu – oil and gas

• #"ree gorge dam

• un "o canal – connect angt7e wit" wange

Im)ortant locations

" i i i


74/82

u)"rates+ #igris river! IraE


75/82

• *ake 2an!

• *ake 8rmia

• Im)ortant centers in IraEF

• Bag"dad! Mosul! (irkuk! Al Basra

*ocations near u)"rates+#igris


76/82

Ama7on river! Bra7il


77/82

• *argest! -nd longest river

• 1elvas – eEuatorial rain forest

• #in! rubber in 1elvas

• 1ertao – ranc"ing region

• Petroleum reserve at t"e mout"

•

Manaus – Iron ore! navigable• )lateau of Mato $rasso – gold

reserve

*ocations near Ama7on river

i i i i


78/82

Mississi))i ! 81A


79/82

• #em)erate grasslands – Prairies

• 6"eat! corn and cotton cultivation

• Im)ortant citesF

• (ansas – agriculture

• 1t3 Pittsburg – iron and steel

•

%ew Orleans – )ort! s"i) building

*ocations near Mississi))i basin

li b i li


80/82

Murray+Darling basin! Australia


81/82

• #em)erate grassland – downs

• 6"eat cultivation

• 1"ee) rearing !Animal "usbandry

• 6ool and dairy )roduction

*ocation near Murray+darling basin

Continental drift t"eory


82/82

Continental drift t"eory+ sea+oor s)reading

t"eory + )late tectonict"eory

*andforms on eart"Mountains >fold and

block:Plateaus

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geogrplat l2