Upload
asito-cardoso
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 1/14
Earth’s ChemistryEarth’s Chemistry
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 2/14
Matter Matter
Matter = the substances of which anMatter = the substances of which anobject is made.object is made.
Matter is anything that takes up space andMatter is anything that takes up space and
has mass.has mass.Matter has 2 distinguishing properties:Matter has 2 distinguishing properties: Physica !!! can be obser"ed without changingPhysica !!! can be obser"ed without changing
the substance. #E$. %ensity& boiing point& etc.'the substance. #E$. %ensity& boiing point& etc.' Chemica !!! how a substance interacts withChemica !!! how a substance interacts with
other substances to produce different kinds ofother substances to produce different kinds ofmatter. #E$. (ron interacts with o$ygen to formmatter. #E$. (ron interacts with o$ygen to formrust'rust'
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 3/14
)tomic *tructure )tomic *tructure
*maest partice or unit of an eement*maest partice or unit of an eement
)toms are made of smaer parts !!!! )toms are made of smaer parts !!!!protons& neutrons& and eectronsprotons& neutrons& and eectrons
Protons !!!!! positi"ey chargedProtons !!!!! positi"ey charged
+eutrons !!!! no charge #neutra'+eutrons !!!! no charge #neutra'
Eectrons !!!! negati"ey chargedEectrons !!!! negati"ey charged
Protons and +eutrons found in the nuceusProtons and +eutrons found in the nuceus!!!!!! NOT ELECTRONS --- found outside inNOT ELECTRONS --- found outside inelectron cloudselectron clouds
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 4/14
)tomic number = e,uas the number of )tomic number = e,uas the number of
protons in the atom.protons in the atom.
)n uncharged atom has the same amount )n uncharged atom has the same amountof protons - eectrons so there’s no charge.of protons - eectrons so there’s no charge.
(t’s said to be neutra(t’s said to be neutra
E$ampe !!! $ygen has an atomic numberE$ampe !!! $ygen has an atomic numberof / so it has / protons - / eectronsof / so it has / protons - / eectrons
)tomic mass number = protons 0 neutrons )tomic mass number = protons 0 neutrons
Protons - neutrons ha"e an atomic mass ofProtons - neutrons ha"e an atomic mass of11
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 5/14
(sotopes(sotopes
*ome atoms don’t ha"e the same number*ome atoms don’t ha"e the same number
of neutronsof neutrons
Each additiona neutron increases theEach additiona neutron increases themass number.mass number.
(sotopes = atoms of the same eement(sotopes = atoms of the same eement
that differ from each other by massthat differ from each other by mass
number.number.
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 6/14
Lambang atom unsur:Lambang atom unsur:
A
3 = ambang unsur A = nomor massa
3 = nomor atom
) = 4umah proton 5 jumah netron
Isotop: Atom ang ber nomor atom sama tapiIsotop: Atom ang ber nomor atom sama tapi
nomor massa berbedanomor massa berbeda
Isobar: !nsur ang nomor massa samaIsobar: !nsur ang nomor massa sama
Isoton: Atom ang "umla# netron sama tapiIsoton: Atom ang "umla# netron sama tapi
"umla# proton berbeda "umla# proton berbeda
4umah eektron = nomor atom
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 7/14
E$ampes of (sotopesE$ampes of (sotopes
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 8/14
EementsEements
) matter is made up of eements. ) matter is made up of eements.Eement = any substance that can’t breakEement = any substance that can’t breakdown any further #E$. o$ygen& iron&down any further #E$. o$ygen& iron&nitrogen& etc.'.nitrogen& etc.'.
Periodic tabe !!! made up of eements.Periodic tabe !!! made up of eements.
6ni"ersa symbo for eements !!! consists6ni"ersa symbo for eements !!! consistsof either one etter or two #+ote how it’sof either one etter or two #+ote how it’s
written'written'
"er 78 eements occur naturay9 others"er 78 eements occur naturay9 othersha"e been created.ha"e been created.
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 9/14
Eements in Earth’s CrustEements in Earth’s Crust
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 10/14
*oids& i,uids& - ;ases*oids& i,uids& - ;ases
*oids = partices that make this up are packed*oids = partices that make this up are packedtighty together in fi$ed positionstighty together in fi$ed positions
*oids ha"e definite shape - "oume*oids ha"e definite shape - "oume
i,uids = ha"e definite "oume but not shapei,uids = ha"e definite "oume but not shape
i,uids take the shape of the container i,uids take the shape of the container
Partices tighty packed& but mo"e freey inPartices tighty packed& but mo"e freey in
reation to each other reation to each other
;ases = +o definite shape or "oume;ases = +o definite shape or "oume
Partices farther apart - mo"e more freey -Partices farther apart - mo"e more freey -
faster faster
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 12/14
Combinations of )tomsCombinations of )toms
Compound !!! 2 or more eements bondedCompound !!! 2 or more eements bonded
together.together.
E$ampe of a compound!!! <ater E$ampe of a compound!!! <ater
<ater is made up of the eements<ater is made up of the eements
hydrogen and o$ygen.hydrogen and o$ygen.
Moecue !!! smaest unit of a compound.Moecue !!! smaest unit of a compound.
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 13/14
Chemica ondsChemica onds
Chemica bonds = forces that hod atomsChemica bonds = forces that hod atomstogether to make compoundstogether to make compounds
(onic bonds = eectrons are transferred(onic bonds = eectrons are transferred
from one atom to another from one atom to another
(on = an atom or group of atoms that carry(on = an atom or group of atoms that carryan eectrica charge # positi"e or negati"e'an eectrica charge # positi"e or negati"e'
Co"aent bond = share eectronsCo"aent bond = share eectronsChemica formuas = a representation of aChemica formuas = a representation of acompound #E$. >compound #E$. >22''
8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/geokimia-3a-atom-unsur 14/14
Mi$ture "s. *outionMi$ture "s. *oution
Mi$ture = a materia that contains 2 orMi$ture = a materia that contains 2 or
more substances that are not chemicaymore substances that are not chemicay
combinedcombined
*outions = a mi$ture in which one*outions = a mi$ture in which one
substance is uniformy dispersed insubstance is uniformy dispersed in
another substance.another substance.