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Knowledge Management Model for Teleconsulting inTelemedicine

LILIA EDITH APARICIO PICO

The present research shows a studyof requirements for teleconsulting intelemedicine solution in order to make

a knowledge management system.




• The teleconsulting has been defined by diverseauthors in several ways. The American

Telemedicine Association (ATA) defines theteleconsulting like: service that uses thetelecommunications to provide medical data,

which can be audio, photograph or videos,between a patient and a professional of health touse it in attendance, diagnostic or a treatment

plan. This could be originated from a remoteclinic to an office using a connection of directtransmission that can include communicationson the Web.




Knowledge Management Systems

• A knowledge management system isdefined as "the process of administeringknowledge of all type continually to

satisfy present and future necessities, toidentify and to exploit resources of

knowledge so much existent as acquiredand to develop new opportunities."




• Knowledge management methodologies

– Tiwana methodology .

This methodology is proposed by AmritTiwana and adapted by Coviello and other ,

which conform it 4 phases and 10 stages(see Figure 2).




Phase 1: Evaluation of the infrastructure

1) Analysis of the existent infrastructure

2) Alignment of knowledge management and the strategy of the

business

Phase 2: Analysis, Design and Development of the System of MK

1) Design of the architecture of the managment knowledge and

integration of the existent infrastructure.

2) Audit of Knowledge Resources and Systems existents

3) Design of knowledge management Team

4) Creation of knowledge management project

5) Develop of Management Knowledge System

Phase 3: System Deploy

6) Deploys, using Methodology Incremental Handling of Results

( RDI)

7) Change of management, Culture and Structures

Phase 4: Evaluation

8) Evaluation of the yield, Menstruation of the ROI, and incremental

refinement of the system of management knowledge

Figure 1. . Methodology Knowledge Management: Tiwana Source: Adapted by Coviello and others of Tiwana (2002, pp. 64)



- EKMF methodology The methodology of the EKMF project (EuropeanKnowledge Management Forum) is an initial proposal of apossible standard methodology for the implementation ofthe knowledge management, which is structured in twolevels.


• Level 1: General implementation of Knowledge Management

This level, is compound by 6 phases and 16 stages,

(see Figure 2.)

• Level 2: Implementation of Knowledge Management Project Pilot. It refers to knowledge management of specific problems and it can turn

like a part of the general methodology, (see Figure 3).



• Methodological application of knowledge

management


Structurally the methodology is composed by phases thatit picks up the initial position of a situation, with the whole

chain of stocks that it is necessary to carry out untilarriving to the new wanted situation. These phasesfacilitate the development of a procedure to modulate, insuch a way that they carried out parts of the system likeindependent subsystems that cover their performanceenvironment, in the course of the full integration of them



Phases Stages

Phase 1: Knowledge 1 Interest in management knowledge and their benefits

2 To involve to top management organization

Fase 2:Initial valuation

3 Working Team

4 Existent infrastructures

5 Economic compatibility

6 Knowledge management and sources of business

7 Estimates

Fase 3: Iniciativas Piloto8 To select alternatives to develop

9 To design and to throw a project pilot of knowledge management

Fase 4: Expansion10 State of knowledge management

11 Expansion possibility

12 Personalization and application of knowledge management

13 To throw the expansion of the project knowledge management

Fase 5: Maturity

14 Strategies and organizational structures

Fase 6: Continuous improvement

15 Result of management knowledge

16 improvement

Figure 2. General implementation of knowledge management : EKMF Source: Project EKMF, Coviello andother (2002, pp. 82)



Analysis of System Results

Resources

Training

Sources

Activities

Costs

Estimate of Times

Evaluation

Implementation of a Knowledge Management

Project Pilot

Improvement

Figure 3. Implementation of Knowledge Management Project Pilot: EKMF Source: Project EKMF, Coviello andother (2002, pp. 83)




The phases are formed by a group of activities that shouldcarry out when the phase is executed. In a general way,each task can be structured by: Available Sources of

information, steps or processes to carry out or factors thatcan have incidence in their execution, support tools,products or results and advice to facilitate the execution ofeach task.


• Methodological application of knowledgemanagement



• Knowledge management architecture


There are diverse technological focuses to support the knowledge

management architecture in an organization. Therefore, they have beenaccepted by the scientific community such as the architecture of: Ovum,Tiwana and technological Integration (Kerschberg)

• Ovum Architecture

Ovum has developed a model of knowledge management architecture it

is shown in Figure 4, it has main components: the repository ofknowledge, the map of knowledge, the services of collaboration, thediscovery services and the portal of knowledge



Interface

Level

Services ofmanagement

knowledgeCorporate

TaxonomyManagement of

informationand processes

InfrastructureSources ofinformation and of

knowledge

Administration of projects, competitive intelligence,relationship administration with the clients

Knowledge Portal

Discovery services Services of collaboration

Knowledge maps

Repository of knowledge

E-mail, file server, internet/intranet services

WP DBMS EDM E-MAIL WWW People


Figure 4. Architecture of Management knowledge Model Ovum. Source: Ovum Ltda. Woods (1998)





• Knowledge Management Model ForTeleconsulting In Telemedicine.


This model is based in: the ubiquity principles, costs, useof the specialized human resource, communications

technology, positive knowledge exploitation. Thestructures the technological layers should be kept in mindto implement this model.



• Principles of the proposed pattern


It is necessary to build the pattern to have principles

they are:

- Ubiquity: The Information and Knowledge Technologies

(TIC´s) provide us advantages. It is no necessary to bepresent with doctors to use health services it is possibleto take it through the internet ant other networks.

-Costs: It is chipper to use information and knowledgeinformation systems than use direct services with thedoctors, Doctors can offer their services through the

teleconsulting system



• Principles of the proposed pattern

Communications Technology: There are manynetworks in order to offer communication services,it is important to have this medium for giving

knowledge.

-Positive exploitation of the knowledge: The

knowledge will go growing,and it will be of moreutility by the different clients of the knowledge.




• Organizational model


It represents the main components of the pattern it Figure 6., thereare primary nodes (Clients of the knowledge non experts) conformedby actors that need to obtain a knowledge but advanced or a secondopinion, the technological agents that take charge of mediatingbetween the primary nodes and the specialized ones with the purposeof deciding if the consultation made by a primary node can be solvedwith the repository of knowledge or it is necessary to go to aspecialized node, the repository of knowledge stores the wholeexperience in the exchange of knowledge among the primary andspecialized nodes with the purpose of reusing it, lastly the specializednodes are the group of people that you/they possess the knowledgeat a superior level to people of the primary nodes.



• Technological architecture

The technological architecture is a combination of thearchitecture mentioned Kerschberg previously of the presentdocument) and the patron MVC of Buschmann 1980

It has four components (see Figure 6), it is to say to thearchitecture of Kerschberg was added a new knowledgemanagement layer, it was divided in two layers. The layers

called components in the architecture technologicalproposal are detailed next.




Figure 6. It structures of the pattern organizational Source: Own elaboration




Component Controller: it takes all users´petitions and tocoordinate the answers appropriately, it is the responsible ofcapturing the interaction of all applications services. The

controller authenticates the users and to evaluate theirnecessities of information knowledge, a middleware of HL7(Health Level Seven level protocol 7) that formats the

information from and toward the repository of knowledge.






Component of Repositories: They store the knowledge that

has been mined by a middleware of mining of knowledge; itis an extract of knowledge from following layer to facilitatethe work to the technological agent, it stores the

experience in the knowledge exchange between theprimary nodes and the specialized nodes.

Component of sources: This component refers to all thesources explicit and potentials that generate knowledge,among other are (Databases, documental Databases,Database of means, external sources, etc.), (See Figure 7).




Figure 7. Structures. of the Architecture Technological. Source: Own elaboration




• Summations

The management system knowledge can be used tostrengthen the simple systems of information in the diverseareas of their applications. It has intended in this document

an example of it, when formulating a model of managementknowledge for a teleconsulting system in telemedicinewhere they combine the theories, models and architectures

of management knowledge especially with a computercase, generating some principles, an organizationalstructure and an architecture technological matter.




• Summations

Besides this, we can assert that the proposed pattern of aknowledge management model for the implementation ofthe teleconsulting in telemedicine, it will serve like

conceptual guide for works that require to develop and toimplement systems of information in telemedicine andsystems of knowledge management in telemedicine. Inorder to make a decision for teleconsulting in Colombia, itis possible to analize the model in irder to connectingManagement Systems in Bogotá and Cauca Solutions forgiving services between Bogotá, and other rural places

this is the next research.




TELEMEDICINE GROUP

DISTRITAL UNIVERSITY

BOGOTA COLOMBIA

[email protected]

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