Bi 1: Tng quan v MS Access

NNTTrng C GTVT III

Trng C GTVT III NNT

CHNG 0: NHP MN H THNG C S D LIU

(DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)

A. Mt h thng qun tr c s d liu (CSDL) gi tt l DBMS bao gm:

Mt su tp cc d liu lin quan c gi l C s d liu(DataBase) .

Mt su tp cc chng trnh ng dng c dng truy xut, cp nht v qun l d liu. Cc chng trnh ny hnh thnh h thng qun tr d liu (Management System).

B. Mc tiu ca DBMS:

L cung cp mt mi trng thun tin v hiu qa cho vic s dng d liu theo ngha:

Truy tm thng tin t CSDL.

Lu tr thng tin vo CSDL.

C. Cc CSDL thng c thit k qun l mt lng ln thng tin. Vic ny lin quan ti :

nh ngha cc cu trc lu tr thng tin.

Cung cp cc c ch x l thng tin.

Cung cp an ton cho thng tin trong c s d liu.

Kim sot ng thi nu h thng chia s bi nhiu ngi dng.

M HNH QUAN H THC TH

(ENTITY RELATIONSHIP)

M hnh d liu quan h Thc th (E R) nhn th gii thc nh l mt tp cc i tng cn bn c gi l cc thc th (Entity), v cc mi quan h (Relationship) gia cc i tng ny. N c pht trin lm thun tin cho vic thit k CSDL bng cch t t mt lc ( Enterprise Schema). Mt lc nh vy biu din mt cu trc Logic tng qut ca CSDL.

I. NHNG KHI NIM CN BN.

Thc th (an Entity): L mt s vt hoc i tng hoc vt th m n tn ti v c th phn bit c vi cc i tng khc. Mt thc th c mt tp cc thuc tnh.

VD: Thc th Sinh vin, Sch, Mn hc, con Mo, Ha n

Thuc tnh (Attributes): L mt trong nhng c trng (Tnh cht) ca thc th.

VD: Xt thc th SINH VIEN th Tn Sinh vin, MSSV, Gii tnh, Ngy sinh, Qu qun c gi l cc thuc tnh ca thc th SINH VIEN.

Tp thc th (an Entity Set): L mt tp hp cc thc th cng loi hay ni mt cch khc l cng chung tp thuc tnh thng c gi l bng (Table).

VD: Tp thc th SINH VIEN ca mt Trng i Hc, Tp thc th SACH ca mt th vin, Tp thc th MATHANG ca mt Cng ty

Kha (Key): phn bit c thc th ny vi thc th khc trong cng mt tp thc th hoc cc quan h trong mt tp quan h cho l rt quan trng. Khi nim kha cho php ta thc hin nhng phn bit nh vy.

a) Kha ln (Super Key): L mt tp gm mt hoc nhiu thuc tnh m khi chng ghp li vi nhau cho php chng ta xc nh duy nht mt thc th trong tp thc th.

VD: Xt thc th SINH VIEN (MSSV, Tn SV, Gii tnh, Ngy sinh, M khoa, Qu qun ) th: MSSV c gi l mt kha ln. MSSV kt hp vi Tn SV cng l mt kha ln . Vy mt kha ln c th cha nhng thuc tnh d tha, v thng th ta ch quan tm kha ln c s thuc tnh t nht c gi l kha ngh (Candidate Key).

b) Kha chnh (Primary): L mt kha ngh c chn bi ngi thit k CSDL v c dng nh l mt phng tin chnh xc nh cc thc th trong tp thc th.

VD: Xt thc th SINHVIEN th MSSV l mt kha ngh.

II. LC QUAN H THC TH

Chng ta c th biu din cu trc Logic tng qut ca mt CSDL mt cch ha bng lc quan h thc th (E - R). Nhng qui c trong lc nh sau:

Tn tp thc th c vit hoa, khng g du.

Trc thuc tnh c du # th thuc tnh tham gia lm kha chnh.

Trc thuc tnh c du * th thuc tnh bt buc phi c.

Trc thuc tnh c du 0 th thuc tnh l ty chn.

VD: Xt tp thc th SINHVIEN( # Mssv, * Tn Sv, * Gii tnh, * Ngy sinh, * M khoa, 0 Qu qun,).

@ m t lc quan h thc th ta xt bi ton sau: Hy thit k cc tp thc th (Cc Bng) v mi quan h gia cc tp thc th cho mt h thng c s d liu ca mt trng i Hc qun l vic ng k mn hc v im ca Sinh Vin.

1) Ta c th thit k cc bng chnh nh sau:

Bng KHOA cha thng tin v cc khoa thuc trng i Hc. Thng tin mi khoa bao gm: m khoa (MAKHOA), tn khoa (TENKHOA). Cc khoa khc nhau s c m khoa khc nhau, mi khoa th c nhiu Sinh Vin theo hc. Bng KHOA c cu trc c th nh sau (trong MAKHOA l kha chnh ca bng):

Tn vng

ngha

MAKHOA

M khoa

TENKHOA

Tn khoa

Bng SINH VIEN cha thng tin v cc Sinh Vin. Thng tin mi Sinh Vin bao gm: m s Sinh Vin (MSSV), tn Sinh Vin (TENSV), gii tnh (GIOITINH), ngy sinh (NGAYSINH), qu qun (QUEQUAN), ngoi ra mt Sinh Vin phi thuc vo mt khoa duy nht nn phi c thm thng tin m khoa (MAKHOA). Cc Sinh Vin khc nhau th c m s Sinh Vin khc nhau. Bng SINHVIEN c cu trc c th nh sau (trong MSSV l kha chnh ca bng):

Tn vng

ngha

MSSV

M s ca Sinh Vin

TENSV

Tn Sinh Vin

GIOITINH

Gii tnh ca Sinh Vin

NGAYSINH

Ngy sinh Sinh Vin

QUEQUAN

Qu qun Sinh Vin

MAKHOA

M khoa m Sinh Vin theo hc

Bng MON HOC cha thng tin v cc mn hc. Thng tin mi mn hc bao gm: m mn hc (MAMH), tn mn hc (TENMH), s tn ch (SOTC). Cc mn hc khc nhau th c m mn hc khc nhau. Bng MONHOC c cu trc c th nh sau (trong MAMH l kha chnh ca bng):

Tn vng

ngha

MAMH

M mn hc

TENMH

Tn mn hc

SOTC

S tn ch

2) Ta xt mi quan h gia cc bng trn:

Bng KHOA v Bng SINHVIEN, ta thy mt khoa th c nhiu Sinh vin theo hc, ngc li mt Sinh Vin th ch thuc vo mt khoa no (ng vi 1 MSSV). y l tng trng cho mi quan h Mt Nhiu (One to Many). M t s nh sau:

Bng SINHVIEN v Bng MONHOC, ta thy mt Sinh vin c th ng k nhiu Mn hc, ngc li mt Mn hc cng c nhiu Sinh vin ng k hc. y l tng trng cho mi quan h Nhiu Nhiu (Many to Many). M t s nh sau:

@ Xt bi ton ng k kt hn gia mt ngi Nam v mt Ngi N. Ta thy theo lut hn nhn ti mt thi im xc nh th mt ngi Nam ch ng k kt hn vi mt ngi N, ngc li mt ngi N cng ti mt thi im xc nh ch ng k kt hn vi mt ngi Nam. y l tng trng cho mi quan h Mt Mt (One to One). M t s nh sau:

Ch : i vi vic phn tch h thng CSDL nu gp nhng mi quan h: Nhiu Nhiu hoc Mt Mt th ta phi tm cch ph v nhng mi quan h ny thnh nhng mi quan h Mt Nhiu. (?).

III. PH V CC MI QUAN H MANY to MANY, HOC ONE to ONE:

ph v gia cc tp thc th c mi quan h Many to Many hoc One to One ta phi tm cch xy dng thm mt thc tp thc th giao gia cc tp thc th ny. Ta xt cc trng hp c th sau:

1) Ph v mi quan h Many to Many: Xt li mi quan h gia hai tp thc th SINHVIEN v MONHOC ta thy:

mt Sinh vin c th c ng k hc nhiu Mn hc v ngc li mt Mn hc c nhiu Sinh vin theo hc ta thit k thm tp thc th giao nh sau:

Ta c th gii thch nh sau: i vi tp thc th ANGKY l tp thc th giao nn ta phi ly thuc tnh tham gia lm kha chnh ca bng 1 tham gia lm kha chnh ca bng giao, nhng thuc tnh ny c gi l Kha ngoi (Xem chi tit bi sau). Ngoi ra mt Mn hc, Sinh vin c th b hc li nhin ln (do khng t) nn c s trng lp gia MSSV v MAMH nn ta phi thm thuc tnh NGAYDK tham gia lm kha chnh ca tp thc th. ng vi mt Mn hc m Sinh vin theo hc s c im.

2) Ph v mi quan h One to One: Xt li mi quan h kt hn gia hai tp thc th ngi trng thnh NAM v NU ta thy ti mt thi im nht nh th mt ngi Nam cng nh ngi NU ch c kt hn duy nht vi mt ngi, nhng xt mt thi gian di (c i ngi) th mt ngi NAM cng nh ngi NU c th kt hn c vi nhiu ngi hoc ti hn nu iu kin cho php v h c th kt hn ri ly d, ly d xong th c th kt hn vi ngi khc hoc li i ti hn vi ngi c. Ta c th thit k tp thc th DK KETHON l tp thc th giao nh sau:

CHNG I: TNG QUAN V ACCESS

I. Khi nim c s d liu (CSDL: DataBase)

CSDL l tp hp nhng d liu lin quan ti mt ch , mt phm vi qun l. Nhm tho mn nhu cu khai thc thng tin nhanh chng, chnh xc, hiu qu.

(CSDL l tp hp d liu mang tnh h thng, ch khng phi l d liu ri rc)

CSDL quan h (Relational DataBase): l tp hp cc bng lin quan ti nhau, to thnh mt h thng thng tin thng nht, m bo tnh khng c thiu, khng tha ca ngun d liu.

H qun tr CSDL (HQT CSDL: DataBase Management System)

L phn mm cho php to, lu tr, qun l v tng tc vi CSDL.

Cc chc nng c bn ca HQTCSDL

Mt HQTCSDL phi c ngn ng m t d liu (Data Definition Language) cho php ta nh ngha cu trc (to, sa, xo) v m t cc mi lin h ca d liu cng nh nhng quy tc qun l trn d liu .

Mt HQTCSDL phi c ngn ng thao tc d liu (Data Manipulation Language) cho php ngi s dng c th cp nht d liu (thm, sa, xo).

Mt HQTCSDL phi c ngn ng truy xut d liu (Data Receive Language) khai thc, trch rt d liu trong CSDL khi c nhu cu.

Ngoi ra, mt s HQTCSDL cung cp cho ngi s dng nhng c ch bo mt v phc hi d liu khi c s c xy ra.

HQTCSDL quan h l h qun tr c s d liu theo m hnh quan h.

H qun tr c s d liu MS Access l HQTCSDL quan h c kh y cc chc nng trn. Ngoi ra chng trnh ny cn c cc chc nng khc nh to Form, Report, Macro, Module, cho php xy dng hon chnh mt phn mm qun l CSDL.

II. Cc thnh phn trong c s d liu Access

(Nm trn file c phn m rng *.mdb)

Trong c s d liu ca Ms Access 2000 gm c 7 thnh phn, mi thnh phn gm nhiu i tng.

V d: Trong thnh phn Tables c nhiu i tng Table, trong thnh phn Queries c nhiu i tng Query,...

T cc ngun khc: c ngha l lin kt ly d liu t cc file dng khc nh *.xls (Excel), hoc d liu trong cc h qun tr c s d liu khc,...

II.1. Table: l i tng lu tr d liu.

Hnh 1.1: Mn hnh hin th d liu bng HoSo.

II.2. Query: tnh ton, x l v khai thc d liu trong C s d liu.

Hnh 1.2: Mn hnh hin th d liu truy vn cc th sinh KV1.

II.3. Form: giao din nhp v th hin d liu, to hp thoi giao tip gia ng dng v ngi s dng.

Hnh 1.3: Giao din lit k cc th sinh theo tng khu vc.

II.4. Macro: to cc hnh ng iu khin v lin kt cc i tng nm trong cc thnh phn ca Access.

V d: to hnh ng m mu biu c tn sbfTest v ch hin th nhng th sinh thuc KV3.

Hnh 1.4: Mn hnh hin th phn thit k Macro.

II.5. Report: to mu bo co th hin d liu phong ph, p mt. L khu cui cng ca qu trnh x l d liu, ri in ra giy.

Hnh 1.5: Bo co thng k chi tit cc th sinh theo tng khu vc.

II.6. Module: mi trng son tho cc hm (Function), th tc (Sub) vit bng ngn ng VBA (Visual Basic for Application) hay cn gi l Access Basic. Nhm x l v iu khin cc i tng phc tp.

V d: to th tc SuaNoiSinh sa d liu trong ct (trng) NoiSinh. Nu l hanoi th i thnh Ha Noi .

Hnh 1.6: Mn hnh son tho m lnh chng trnh.

II.7. Page: cho php th hin d liu trn trang dng Web (*.htm). Ngi s dng c th truy cp vo CSDL thng qua trnh duyt Microsoft Internet Exploirer (IE).

Hnh 1.7: Mn hnh hin th danh sch khu vc t ca s IE.

CHNG II: TABLE - BANG D LIU

I. Khi nim

Table l thnh phn quan trng nht trong CSDL, l ni trc tip lu tr d liu. Mi Table cha thng tin v mt thc th xc nh.

V d:

Bng MonHoc lu tr thng tin v cc mn hc nh: M mn hc, S tit,..

Bng NhanVien lu tr thng tin v cn b nhn vin nh: M nhn vin, H tn, Ngy sinh, Qu qun, Lng,

M NVH tnNgy sinhQu qunLngSR001Nguyn Phng Nam14/12/1975H Ty650000

SR002

Trn Mnh Hng

03/09/1970

Thi Nguyn

800000

SR003

V Phng Tho

19/12/1978

Hi Phng

720000

I.1. Cu trc ca bng: gm cc hng v cc ct giao nhau

Ct trong Table th gi Field (trng)

Mi Field ng vi mt mc d liu m ta cn lu tr, v mi Field c mt kiu d liu xc nh.

M NV, H tn, Qu qun: kiu k t

Ngy sinh: kiu ngy thng

Lng: kiu s.

Hng trong table th gi Record (bn ghi)

L mt th hin d liu ca cc Field trong bng.

I.2. Kho chnh (Primary Key)

Trong bng thng c kho chnh gm mt hoc nhiu trng m bo 2 tnh cht sau:

D liu trn l duy nht, mc ch dng phn bit bn ghi ny vi bn ghi kia

Khng c php rng d liu (phi nhp d liu). V khi bit c gi tr ca trng kho chnh th c th suy ra gi tr ca cc trng khc.

I.3. Kho ngoi (Foreign Key)

to quan h gia cc bng ngi ta ly kho chnh a sang bng quan h lm kho ngoi. D liu trong kho ngoi phi c tham chiu ly t kho chnh.

II. Cc phng php to Table

II.1. To Table bng Table Wizard

y l phng php to bng theo cc bc hng dn xy dng cc Table t trong CSDL mu ca Access

Cch 1: trong ca s Database chn New/ Table Wizard

Cch 2: chn Create table by using wizard.

Hnh 2.1: Ca s to mi Table bng tr gip.

Sample Tables: chn cc Table mu

Sample Fields: chn cc Fields trong Table mu

Fields in my new table: cc trng xut hin trong bng khi n c to ra

(ta c th chn nt lnh Rename Field i tn trng)

Phng php ny ch vi mc ch tham kho, v cc Table mu thng khng thch hp vi cch qun l ca ta (thng phi thit k li).

II.2. To Table bng Datasheet View

Cch 1: trong ca s Database chn New/ Datasheet View

Cch 2: chn Create table by entering data

Ngi dng ch cn g d liu trc tip vo bng c dng ging Excel

Hnh 2.2: Ca s to mi Table bng Datasheet View.

Access s t ng xc nh:

Kiu d liu ca trng tu theo d liu nhp

S trng s thu li theo s ct c d liu

S bn ghi s thu li theo s hng c d liu nhp.

II. 3. To Table bng Design View

y l cch to bng thng dng nht, vi cch ny ta trc tip to ra cu trc bng theo mong mun.

Cch 1: trong ca s Database chn New/ Design View

Cch 2: chn Create table in Design View

Hnh 2.3: Ca s to mi Table.

Mn hnh giao din to bng bng Design View nh sau:

Hnh 2.4: Ca s thit k Table.

Field Name: t tn trng.

Data Type: kiu d liu ca trng.

Description: ch thch ngha ca trng, ni dung s hin dng trng thi (Status Line) hng dn nhp liu khi m Table ch Datasheet.

Field Properties: cc thuc tnh ca trng.

Nu to mi Table m cha to kho chnh th khi thot khi ch Design View Access bt ta phi t tn cho Table, ri sau s hi ta c mun to kho chnh khng? Ta chn No khng to kho.

Hnh 2.5: Hp thoi hi kho chnh.

II.3.1. Tn trng (Field Name)

Cc quy tc t tn trng

Tn trng c th cha cc k t ch ci, ch s, du cch, cc k t c bit (tr cc k t ., !, [, ] )

Tn trng khng c bt u bng du cch, khng qu 64 k t. Trong mt bng khng c tn trng trng nhau.

III.2. Kiu d liu ca trng (Data Type)

Trng

Gii thch

Text

(kiu k t): ti a 255 k t

Memo

(kiu k c): ti a 64000 k t, thng c dng lu tr nhng vn bn ln chng hn nh ch thch, tiu s c nhn...

Number

(kiu s): gm cc kiu c min gi tr khc nhau khai bo trong Field size

Date/Time

(kiu ngy thng): ti a 8 byte dng lu tr d liu dng ngy thng

Currency

(kiu tin t): ti a 8 byte, y cng l mt dng kiu Number nhng c k hiu tin t.

Yes/No

(kiu Logic): lu d liu ch trong 2 trng thi.

AutoNumber

(kiu s t ng): d liu trong trng c kiu ny s c t ng thm vo cc gi tr tun t hay ngu nhin m khng cn ngi s dng nhp vo.

OLE Object

(nhng v lin kt i tng): lu m thanh, hnh nh ti a 1GB b nh.

Hyperlink

(kiu siu lin kt): lu ng dn ti mt my khc trn mng hay a ch lin kt ti mt trang Web, a ch Email, ti a 2048 k t.

Lookup wizard:

tham chiu ti danh sch cc gi tr ca mt trng no bng khc.

Bng cc kiu d liu ca mt trng c th nhn

II. 3.2 Cc thuc tnh ca trng (Field Properties)

Phn Genernal: cc thuc tnh chung

Field size: quy nh rng ca d liu trong trng.

V d: i vi kiu Text thuc tnh ny ta quy nh l 10 th ch c nhp 10 k t. Cn i vi kiu Number ta chn cc kiu vi min sau:

Gi tr

Min gi tr

S Byte

Integer

S nguyn (-32768 ( 32767)

2

Long Integer

s nguyn

(-2147483648(2147483647)

4

Single

kiu s thc(n)

(-3.4*1038 ( 3.4*1038)

4

Double

kiu s thc(kp)

(-1.797*10308 ( 1.797*10308)

8

Format: nh dng cc th hin ca d liu trong trng. Vi tng kiu d liu (Data Type), ta c cc kiu nh dng khc nhau.

i vi dng Text

' < ': d liu trong trng t ng chuyn thnh ch thng

' > ': d liu trong trng t ng chuyn thnh ch hoa

@ [tn mu]: t ng nh dng mu ch

Tn cc mu: Black (en), Blue (xanh l cy), Green (xanh nc bin), Cyan (xanh nht), Red (), Magenta (tm cnh sen), Yellow (vng), White (trng),...

i vi dng Date/Time

Ta chn cc dng c sn:

Hoc ta dng cc k t d, m, y thit lp nh sau:

dd/mm/yyyy: 19/12/2003 (vi dd:day, mm: month, yyyy:year)

dd-mmm-yyyy: 19-Dec-2003

mm/dd/yy: 12/19/03

i vi dng s ta dng cc nh dng c sn

Gi s ta c gi tr 3456.789

i vi dng d liu Yes/No: c cc dng Yes/No, True/False, On/Off. Nu khng khai bo Format th s hin cc gi tr 1 (Yes), 0 (No).

Decimal Places: quy nh s ch s thp phn (ch c trong Number, Currency).

Input Mask (mt n nhp liu): Trong trng hp d liu c cng dng thc ta nn quy nh mu nhp liu, nhng phi nhp ng quy nh .

Nhm k t nh ngha InputMask

K t mt n

ngha

0

V tr dnh cho mt s 0( 9 (bt buc nhp)

9

V tr dnh cho mt s 0( 9 (khng bt nhp)

#

V tr dnh cho mt k t s 0( 9, du +, -, trng

L

V tr dnh cho mt k t A-Z (bt buc nhp)

?

V tr dnh cho mt k t A-Z (khng bt nhp)

A

V tr dnh cho mt k t ch hoc s (bt buc)

A

V tr dnh cho mt k t ch hoc s (khng bt buc)

&

V tr dnh cho mt k t bt k (bt buc)

C

V tr dnh cho mt k t bt k (khng bt buc)

. , : ; - /:

Ngn cch gia cc phn

Password

Nhng k t nh vo s hin th du * (dng mt khu)

V d: Gi tr trong trng ngy sinh c dng 19/12/1978 ta thy rng khung mt n nhp liu l __ /__ /____

. Ta phi thit lp nh sau 00/00/0000

Caption: chui tiu ct khi bng ch Datasheet (ch cp nht d liu), nu b qua th Access ly tn trng lm tiu ct.

Default Value: xc nh gi tr nh trc (dng trong trng hp nhp d liu l nhiu)

Validation Rule: xy dng biu thc kim tra d liu (quy tc hp l)

V d: nu > 0 th d liu nhp vo phi ln hn 0.

Validation Text: xu k t hin trong hp thng bo li nu vi phm iu kin trong Validation Rule.

Required: c bt buc phi nhp d liu khng?

Yes: tng ng vi vic buc nhp d liu

No: khng buc nhp d liu

ti trng .

Allow Zero Length: p dng cho Text, Memo, Hyperlink cho php nhp hay khng nhp d liu l gi tr rng.

Indexed (ch s): To ch s sp xp v tng tc tm kim d liu

No: khng to ch s

Yes (Duplicates Ok): to ch s c php trng

Yes (No Duplicates): to ch s khng c php trng

Phn Lookup: cc thuc tnh tham chiu

Display Control: chn cch hin th

Text Box: hp vn bn

Combo Box: hp lit k th

List Box: hp lit k danh sch

Check Box: hp kim tra (p dng cho Yes/No)

Nu Display Control t l Text th s khng c cc tu chn tip theo, nu Display Control t l List Box s c thm cc phn tu chn nh sau:

Row Source Type: kiu ngun d liu

Table/Query: ly d liu c sn trong Table hoc Query.

Value List: t nh d liu cho danh sch

Field List: danh sch l tn cc field trong Table hoc query

Row Source: ngun gi tr trong danh sch (c th chn tn ca Table/Query, hoc t lit k gi tr...)

Bound Column: ct c ly lm gi tr ca Field

Column Count: s ct hin th trong danh sch

Column Heads: bt tt dng tiu

Column Widths: rng ca tng ct trong danh sch

Nu Display Control t l Combo Box s c thm nhng phn sau:

List Row: s dng hin th trong danh sch

List Width: rng ca danh sch (tng rng ca cc ct)

Limit to List: gii hn trong danh sch

Yes: ch c nhp d liu ly trong danh sch cho Field

No: c th nhp d liu ngoi danh sch cho Field

III. Cc hnh thc to bng khc

III. Import Table (nhp khu bng)

Ly bng c sn t CSDL khc v CSDL hin thi. Bng c to ra c lp vi bng ngun.

Cch 1: trong ca s Database chn New/ ImportTable

Cch 2: vo thc n File/Get External Data/Import...

Ch ra ng dn chn file CSDL khc ri chn lnh Import.

Hnh 2.6: Ca s Import Objects.

Chn tn bng cn Import ri OK

Select All: chn tt c cc bng

Deselect All: hu chn tt c cc bng.

Ch : Ta c th dng phng php Export Table (xut khu bng) a bng t CSDL hin thi sang CSDL khc.

Cch 1: chn bng cn xut khu ri vo thc n File/Export...

Cch 2: nhn phi chut vo bng cn xut khu /Export...

III.2 Link Table (bng lin kt)

L cch to bng bng cch lin kt n mt bng ca CSDL khc. Cch to bng ny gn ging nh cch to bng bng Import Table, ch khc l bng khng c ly hn v nh Import Table m ch l lin kt ti bng .

Cch 1: trong ca s Database chn New/ LinkTable

Cch 2: vo thc n File/Get External Data/ LinkTable

Ch ra ng dn CSDL cha bng cn lin kt n ri chn lnh Link

Lu :

Biu tng ca bng lin kt c thm hnh mi tn.

Bng lin kt ch c cp nht d liu, khng c php sa thit k.

IV. Cc ch ca Table

C hai ch m bng, m bng ch cp nht d liu (Datasheet View) v m bng ch thit k (Design View).

IV.1. M bng ch thit k (Design View)

Cho php sa i cu trc bng. Ti y, chng ta c th chn thm trng, xo trng i, thay i kiu d liu hay thuc tnh ca trng,...

Cch thc hin:

Bc 1: chn Table

Bc 2: nhn Design trn thanh cng c ca ca s Database

Chn thm mt trng vo trong Table

Cch 1: vo thc n Insert/Rows

Cch 2: phi chut /Insert Rows

Xo mt hoc nhiu trng trong Table

Bc a: chn cc trng mun xo

Bc b: vo thc n Edit/Delete Rows hoc phi chut/ Delete Rows

To kho chnh (Primary Key)

Bc a: chn mt hoc nhiu trng lm kho chnh

Bc b: thit lp kho chnh

Cch 1: vo thc n Edit/Primary Key

Cch 2: nhn vo biu tng Primary Key (cha kho) trn thanh cng c

(Nu mun b kho chnh ta thc hin li ng tc trn)

IV.2. M bng ch cp nht d liu (Datasheet View)

Cho php xem v thm, xo, sa d liu ca bng.

Cch thc hin

Bc 1: chn Table mun m

Bc 2: nhn Open trn thanh cng c ca ca s Database (hoc Enter)

Cc thao tc trn Record: thm, sa, xo Record

(ging trong MS Excel)

a. Nhp, sa d liu OLE Object

Nhp hnh nh

Cch 1: vo thc n Insert/Object.../chn Object Type

Cch 2: phi chut/ Insert Object.../ chn Object Type

Hnh 2.7: Mn hnh cho php ch nh loi i tng OLE.

Create New: to file nh, vn bn, bng tnh,.. bng cc chng trnh trong Object Type.

Hnh 2.8: Chn ng dn n file cho i tng OLE.

Create from File: ly file nh, vn bn, bng tnh,.. lu trong my

(Bm nt Browse chn ng dn ti file )

Link: ch lin kt ti file .Sa hnh nh

Cch 1: vo thc n Edit/Bitmap Image Object.../ Edit

Cch 2: phi chut/ Bitmap Image Object.../ Edit

iu chnh rng, thay i v tr ct (tham kho sch bi tp)

i tn, n, hin ct (tham kho sch bi tp).

b. Sp xp d liu

Bc 1: Chn ct cn sp xp

Bc 2: Chn cc cch

Cch 1: Record/Sort /{Ascending | Descending}

Cch 2: Nhn biu tng trn thanh cng c.

c. Lc d liu

Filter By Selection

Chc nng: Dng lc cc bn ghi tha mn gi tr c chn trong bng d liu.

Bc 1: chn gi tr cn lc ca ct trn bng d liu

Bc 2: chn cc cch sau

Cch 1: vo thc n Records/ Filter/ Filter By Selection

Cch 2: kch phi chut/ Filter By Selection.

lc nhng gi tr khc (ngc li) vi gi tr c chn ta ch cn chn Filter Excluding Selection.

b lc ta chn biu tng Remove Filter trn thanh cng c (hoc kch phi chut / Remove Filter).

S dng lc Filter By Form

Chc nng: Lc nhng bn ghi tha mn nhiu gi tr m ta la chn trn nhiu ct (tha mn nhiu iu kin).

Bc 1: vo thc n Records/ Filter/ Filter By Form (hoc chn biu tng Filter By Form trn thanh cng c)

Bc 2: chn gi tr cn lc trn tng ct ca bng/Apply Filter

S dng lc Advanced Filter/Sort

Cho php ta lc d liu v sp xp bng cch s dng cc php ton (ton t)

Bc 1: Chn Records/ Filter/ Advanced Filter Sort ... xut hin

Field: Chn trng cn lc hoc sp xp.

Sort: Chn kiu sp xp.

Criteria: nhp iu kin lc.

Or: Nhp iu kin lc hoc.

Bc 2: Chn Filter/ Apply Filter /Sort hoc chn Apply Filter trn thanh cng c

V. Sao chp, xa, i tn Table trong CSDL

Phi ng cc Table cn thc hin v tr v ca s Database

V.1. Sao chp

Bc 1: chn Table

Bc 2: vo thc n Edit/Copy

Bc 3: vo thc n Edit/Paste xut hin hp thoi

Hnh 2.9: Hp thoi sao chp bng.

Table Name: t tn Table mi (hoc chn bng ch ni d liu)

Paste Option: chn dng sao chp

Structure Only: ch ly cu trc Table

Structure and Data: ly cu trc Table v c d liu

Append Data to Existing Table: thm d liu vo cui Table ch.

V.2. i tn

Bc 1: chn Table

Bc 2: vo thc n Edit/Rename (hoc phi chut/Rename)

Bc 3: g tn mi/Enter.

V.3. Xo Table

Bc 1: chn Table

Bc 2: chn cc cch sau

Cch 1: phi chut/ Delete

Cch 2: nhn phm Delete trn bn phm

Bc 3: xc nhn Yes xo.

VI.Quan h gia cc bng Relationship

Vi nhng c s d liu c t chc cn thn v bi bn, thng th sau khi thit k xong cu trc cho cc table, ngi ta quy nh lun mi quan h gia cc table ny.

Khi to mi quan h th tnh nht qun d liu s c m bo v cc bng c th b xung thng tin cho nhau. d hiu ta xt quan h gia hai Table

a. Mi quan h mt mt

Table A c quan h mt mt vi Table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca Table A ch xut hin mt ln trn trng quan h ca Table B v ngc li.

b. Mi quan h mt nhiu

Table A c quan h mt nhiu vi Table B nu mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca Table A c th xut hin nhiu ln trn trng quan h ca Table B nhng gi tr trn trng quan h ca Table B ch xut hin mt ln trn trng quan h ca Table A.

c. Mi quan h nhiu nhiu

Mi quan h ny th hin rng mt gi tr trn trng quan h ca Table A c th xut hin nhiu ln trn trng quan h ca Table B v ngc li.

Nu trong thc t c mi quan h ny khi trin khai m hnh CSDL quan h phi tch ra lm hai quan h mt nhiu bng cch to ra Table th ba.

V d: ta c hai bng gm cc trng sau:

SinhVien ( MaSV, TenSV, NgaySinh , QueQuan, Khoa )

MonHoc ( MaMH, TenMH, SoTiet )

Hai bng ny c quan h nhiu - nhiu v Mt sinh vin phi thi nhiu mn hc v mt mn hc c nhiu sinh vin ng k thi

Ta to Table th ba gii to mi quan h nhiu - nhiu nh sau:

KETQUATHI (MaSV, MaMH, Diem)

VI.1. To dy quan h

Bc 1: Hin hp thoi Relationships

Cch 1: Vo thc n Tools/Relationships

Cch 2: Chn biu tng thanh cng c

Bc 2: Hin hp thoi Show Table

Cch 1: Relationships/ Show Table...

Cch 2: Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c

Hnh 2.10: Mn hnh thm cc Table vo ca s quan h.

Add: b xung thm Table vo quan h

Close: ng ca s Show Table.

Hnh 2.11: Cc bng trong file CSDL TuyenSinh.mdb.

Bc 3: t quan h gia 2 bng (dng phng php ko th)

Xut hin hp thoi Edit Relationships

Hnh 2.12: Ca s to cc rng buc cho quan h

Enfore Referential Integrity

p buc tnh ton vn tham chiu: m bo s ng n ca d liu.

Cascade Update Related Fields: Cp nht lin hon: khi ta thay i gi tr ca kho chnh th gi tr tng ng trong tt c cc bng lin h vi n cng t ng thay i theo.Cascade Delete Related Records: Xo lin hon: bn ghi bng chnh b xo th cc bn ghi cc bng lin h cng b xo theo.

Lu : Cc chc nng Cascade Update Related Fields, Delete Related Records ch c th s dng c nu ta chn Enfore Referential Integrity.

Relationdhips Type: loi quan h

One to One: l quan h mt mt

One to Many: l quan h mt nhiu

Ch : Nu l quan h c p buc tnh ton vn tham chiu th dy quan h s c biu din loi quan h (c u mt), cn nu khng th dy quan h s l ng trn khng c biu din loi quan h (khng c u mt).

Bc 4: Chn nt lnh Create.

Hnh 2.13: Cc quan h trong file CSDL TuyenSinh.mdb.

VI.2. Sa dy quan h

Cch 1: Nhn p chut ti dy quan h

Cch 2: Nhn phi chut ti dy quan h / Edit Relationship...

VI.3. Xo dy quan h

Cch 1: Chn dy quan h / nhn phm Delete

Cch 2: Phi chut dy quan h / Delete.

VII.Cc php ton

VII.1. Cc php ton s hc

Ch : Th t u tin ca cc php ton l ly tha, nhn, chia, chia ly nguyn, cng, tr. Ngoi ra c th s dng du ( ) thay i th t u tin.

VII.2. Cc php ton so snh

Ch : i vi gi tr kiu Date/Time th ngy sau ln hn ngy trc.

Cc php ton so snh to nn biu thc Logic cho kt qu True (-1) hoc False (0)

VII.3. Cc php ton Logic: AND, OR, NOT

X

Y

X AND Y

X OR Y

NOT (X)

-1

-1

-1

-1

0

-1

0

0

-1

0

0

-1

0

-1

-1

0

0

0

0

-1

Ch : Th t u tin ca cc php ton Logic l NOT -> AND -> OR. Ngoi ra c th s dng du ( ) thay i th t u tin.

VII.4. Php ton ghp chui

C php: &

V d: Chao cac ban & hoc vien, sinh vien SaraCenter tr v chui

Chao cac ban hoc vien, sinh vien SaraCenter

Ch : Nu thay php ton & bng php ton + th c th cho kt qu sai trong mt s trng hp.

VII.5. Php ly mu

C php: LIKE

So snh chui d liu vi mu d liu c ch sau LIKE

Cc k t i din s dng trong mu d liu

*: i din cho nhiu k t

?: i din cho mt k t

#: i din cho mt ch s (t 0 n 9)

V d: Tm nhng th sinh c tn bt u bng k t H

LIKE H* tr kt qu Hu, Hnh, Hng,...

V d: Tm nhng th sinh c tn khng bt u bng k t T

NOT LIKE T*

VII.6. Php ton BETWEEN...AND...

C php: BETWEEN AND

Ly gi tr trong on t gi tr 1 n gi tr 2

V d: BETWEEN 1 AND 10 ( >=0 AND = #01/01/1982# AND

Hnh 4.1: Mu biu th hin d liu Table KhuVuc.

Tabular: mu biu dng bng.

Hnh 4.2: Mu biu th hin d liu Table DiemTS.

Main/Subform: trong mt Form c cha mt Form khc gi l Subform cho php cng lc hin th, cp nht d liu ca nhiu bng.

Hnh 4.3: Mu biu th hin d liu ca Table KhuVuc v Table DiemTS.

Trong MS Access

Design View: mu biu trng, t ta phi thit k.

Form Wizard: To cc dng mu biu theo s hng dn ca Access. Ngi dng c th quyt nh mt s c trng ca Form

Cc trng th hin trn Form

Hnh thc trnh by

Cc hin th d liu...

Auto Form: to mu biu t ng

Ta ch cn chn Table hoc Query ngun. Access s t ng thc hin mi thao tc k tip. Columnar: mu biu dng ct

Tabular: mu biu dng bng

DataSheet: mu biu dng bng ng li

Chart Wizard: t ng to biu th hin d liu trong c s d liu. Quyt nh mt s tham s:

Thng tin trc tung, trc honh

Hnh thc ca biu .

Pivot Table Wizard: cho php a bng tnh Excel, c th tnh ton khi ang lm vic trn Form.

Cc loi Form

Mu biu d liu: hin th d liu trong Table hoc Query.

Mu biu hi thoi: hi p, tm kim d liu theo iu kin.

To Form Wizard

Cch 1: New/Form Wizard

Cch 2: Chn Create form by using wizard.

Hnh 4.4: Ca s to mi Form.

Hnh 4.6: Ca s chn cc kiu lin kt.

Form with subforms: to Form ph nm trong Form chnh

Liked forms: to Form c lp c lin kt qua nt lnh.

To Form Design View

I.1. Cc thnh phn ca Form

Form Header: tiu trn ca Form.(Thng cha cc Label)

Detail: phn chnh ca Form. y l phn lp li vi mi bn ghi

(Thng cha cc Label, Text Box)

Mun d liu th hin dng ct ta dn dc cc i tng iu khin, cn mun th hin dng bng ta dn ngang cc i tng iu khin.

Form Footer: tiu di ca Form.

(Thng cha cc nt lnh hay cc d liu tnh ton thng k )

Page Header: tiu trn ca trang khi in Form.

Page Footer: tiu di ca trang khi in Form.

Hnh 4.7: Ca s Form ch thit k (Design).

Ch :

Tiu trang khng xut hin khi chy Form.

bt/ tt cc thnh phn ca Form ta vo Menu View:

Form Header/ Footer: bt/ tt tiu ca Form.

Page Header/ Footer: bt/ tt tiu ca trang khi in Form.

II. Mt s thuc tnh ca Form

thay i thuc tnh ca Form ta thc hin cc cch sau:

Cch 1: kch phi chut ln tiu ca Form/ Properties.

Cch 2: vo thc n View/ Properties.

a. Record Source

Dng chn ngun d liu: c th l Table hoc Query cha cc trng cn hin th trn Form.

b. Thuc tnh Default View

Dng th hin cc dng Form :

Single Form: hin mt bn ghi trn Form.

Continuous Form: hin nhiu bn ghi trn Form.

Datasheet: hin cc bn ghi ln form nh mt bng d liu.

c. Cc thuc tnh khc ca Form

Auto Center: Form m ra nm v tr gia mn hnh.

Auto Resize: Form m ra lun tr v kch thc thit lp ban u.

Caption: t tiu cho Form.

Scroll Bars: bt/ tt thanh cun cho Form.

Record Selections: bt/ tt cng c chn cc bn ghi (bn tri Form).

Navigation Buttons: bt/ tt cng c cha cc nt di chuyn v thm cc bn ghi.

Dividing Lines: bt/ tt ng li ngn cch cc thnh phn ca Form.

Control Box: bt/ tt cc nt iu khin Form (thu nh, phng to, ng,...)

Picture: nh nn ca Form

Popup: Form c m lun nm trn cc Form khc

Modal: khng th kch hot bt c v tr no ngoi phm vi Form

Menu bar: thc n ngang xut hin khi m Form

Toolbar: thanh cng c xut hin khi m Form

Shortcut menu bar: thc n hin khi nhn chut phi

III. nh dng Font, Size, Color cho cc i tng

Chn i tng trn Form cn nh dng ( phm Shift chn nhiu i tng cng lc).

Cch 1: vo Menu View bt thanh Formatting (Form/ Report).

Cch 2: thay i trc tip thuc tnh nh dng trong ca s Properties.

V d: mt s thuc tnh trong th Format

Back Color: mu nn

Force Color: mu ch

Font Name: chn font ch

Font Size: chn c ch.

IV. Cc i tng iu khin trn Form

Hnh 4.8: Cc cng c trn Toolbox.

ngha ca cc cng c

Select Objects: chn i tng (i tng iu khin)

Command Wizard: bt/tt chc nng tr gip

Label: hp nhn (tiu ch gii)

Text box: hp d liu (cha d liu ca trng hay kt qu ca mt biu thc tnh ton)

Option Group: to mt nhm cc gi tr la chn

Toggle Button: dng nt bp bnh

Option Buton: nt chn

Check Box: hp kim

Combo Box: hp d liu (hp lit k th)

List Box: hp danh sch (hp lit k)

Command Buton: nt lnh

Image: chn hnh nh

Unbound Object Frame: chn i tng dng OLE (khng buc d liu)

Bound Object Frame: chn i tng dng OLE (c buc d liu)

SubForm/Subreport: chn Form ph

Page Break: du ngt trang

Tab Control: to cc trang (th)

Line: v ng thng

Rectangle: v hnh ch nht

More Controls: chn i tng ActiveX.

t mt i tng iu khin ln Form ta phi bt hp cng c Tool Box:

Cch 1: vo thc n View/ Tool Box

Cch 2: chn biu tng trn hp cng c

Ch Hp cng c ch xut hin ch Form Design

Mun th hin d liu bng i tng iu khin ho no , ta ko i tng t hp Tool Box ln Form. Nu khng thy i tng ta chn biu tng .

IV.1. i tng Text Box

y l i tng iu khin gm c 3 loi:

Unbound: khng buc (khng c ngun d liu khai bo Control Source)

Bound: b buc (c ngun d liu khai bo Control Source)

Calculated Control: gi tr ca n c tnh ton qua biu thc.

Thit lp Biu thc theo c php sau thuc tnh Control Source = Biu thc

V d: gi s ta c hai trng d liu trong bng c ko vo Form l n gi, S lng ng vi hai Text Box c tn TxtDonGia v TxtSoLuong. tnh Thnh tin bng mt Text Box ta phi nhp cng thc sau trong thuc tnh

Control Source = [TxtDonGia]*[TxtSoLuong]

Trong trng hp mun buc d liu vo trng ca bng hoc truy vn ta c cc cch sau:

Cch 1: t mt trng vo i tng Text Box ta a tn trng vo thuc tnh Control Source trong bng Properties.

Cch 2: ly cc trng nm trong hp Field List.

bt/ tt hp Field List ta vo View/ Field List (hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c).

Hnh 4.9: Gn trng d liu cho Text Box.

IV.2. i tng Command Button

Nt lnh l mt i tng iu khin hu dng, bn trong n c cha cc hnh ng. Ta ch quan tm cch to Command Button bng cng c Control Wizard (c sn cc hnh ng ca nt lnh).

Bc 1: Bt chc nng Control Wizard trn hp cng c Tool Box.

Bc 2: a nt lnh Command Button trong hp Tool Box vo Form

Theo hng dn ca Wizard nh sau:

Hnh 4.10: Chn cc hnh ng ca Command Button.

Categories: chn cc mc (chng loi)

Actions: lit k cc hnh ng trong tng mc c th.

Gi s ta chn hnh ng Close Form trong Form Operation ng mu biu hin thi

Nhn Next sang bc tip theo

Hnh 4.11: Chn cch hin th trn nt lnh.

Text: g k t hin th trn nt lnh

Picture: chn biu tng (hnh nh) hin th trn nt lnh

Chn Show All Pictures lit k cc biu tng c sn trong Access

Chn nt Browse... chn cc biu tng khc.

Nhn Next sang bc tip theo

Hnh 4.12: t tn cho nt lnh.

Chn nt lnh Finish kt thc.

Cc thuc tnh ca nt lnh

Name: tn ca nt lnh

Caption: tiu cho nt bng ch.

Picture: t mt nh nn cho nt.

Cc thuc tnh s kin (Event) ca nt lnh

On Enter: s kin khi nhn phm Enter.

On Click: s kin khi kch chut.

On Dbl Click: s kin khi kch p chut.

Cc s kin trn c th nhn cc i s

Event Procedure: chy mt th tc m lnh.

Macro: chy mt Macro.

=Hm(danh sch i s): chy mt hm (Function).

kch hot nt lnh bng phm tt Alt + k t bt k, ta thm vo trc k t du & trong thuc tnh Caption ca nt.

Di y l bng lit k cc hnh ng trong cc mc khc:

Categories

Action

Record Navigation

(dng di chuyn con tr ti Record, tm kim cc Record)

Find Record: tm kim cc Record

Find Next: tm tip

Go to First Record: nhy ti Record u tin.

Go to Last Record: nhy ti Record cui cng.

Go to Next Record: nhy ti Record k tip.

Go to Previoust Record: nhy ti Record trc .

Record Operations

(cc hnh ng x l Record)

Add New Record: thm Record mi

Delete Record: xo Record hin hnh

Save Record: lu Record hin hnh.

Form Operations

(cc hnh ng x l Form)

Edit Form Filter: sa cha iu kin lc cc Record hin th trong Form.

Apply Form Filter: thc hin lc cc Record hin th trong Form.

Close Form: ng Form hin hnh

Open Form: m mt Form khc.

Report Operations

(cc hnh ng x l Report)

Preview Report: in bo co ra mn hnh

Print Report: in bo co ra giy qua my in

Miscellaneous

(pha tp)

Print Table: in d liu trn Table

Run Macro: chy Macro

Run Query: chy Query

IV.3. i tng ComboBox

L hp danh sch tri xung khi ta mun chn mt trong nhiu gi tr nhp d liu vo trng, hoc th hin tm kim.

Cc bc to Combo Box bng Control Wizard

Bc 1: bt ch Control Wizard v ko Combo Box t hp cng c Toolbox.

Bc 2: chn cch t gi tr ln Combo Box gm mt trong ba kiu:

I want the Combo box to lookup the value in a table or query: ly gi tr cho Combo Box t cc trng ca bng hoc truy vn bt k.

I will type in the value that I want: t nhp gi tr cho Combo Box.

Find a record on my form....: tm cc bn ghi trn Form trng vi gi tr chn trong Combo Box.

Bc 3: chn cc trng cn ly gi tr hoc nhp gi tr cho Combo Box.

Khi s dng Combo Box ta thng thay i cc thuc tnh sau:

Row Source Type: kiu ngun d liu.

Table/ Query: th hin d liu ca cc trng trong bng hoc truy vn.

Value List: t lit k danh sch cc gi tr.

Field List: lit k tn cc trng ca bng hoc truy vn.

Row Source: chn bng hoc truy vn cha d liu cn ly. Trong trng hp l Value List ta lt k d liu cch nhau bi du ;

Column Count: chn s ct ca Combo Box.

Column Heads: n/ hin tiu ca cc trng trong Combo Box.

IV.4. i tng Option Group

L tp hp nhiu i tng iu khin thuc trong cc loi: Option Button, Check Box, Toggle Button

Nu dng Wizard, cn xc nh cc thng tin sau:

Bc 1: chn cc nhn

Bc 2: gn gi tr tng ng vi tng mc chn (ngm nh l 1, 2, 3,...)

Bc 3: chn kiu nt, kiu khung

Bc 4: t tiu ca nhm.

IV.5. i tng Subform/Subreport

L mt i tng cho php ta c th chn mt Form ph ln mt Form chnh, nhm th hin d liu ca hai bng c quan h vi nhau theo kiu One to Many.

Cc bc to Subform/ Subreport

Bc 1: to Form dng Column cho bng pha mt.

Bc 2: to Form dng Tabular cho bng pha nhiu.

Bc 3: m Form dng Column ch Design ri chn biu tng

Subform/ Subreport t hp cng c Toolbox t vo phn Detail.

Bc 4: chn Form dng Tabular lm bc 2.

CHNG 5: REPORT BO BIU

I. Khi nim

Dng in n th hin d liu di nhiu hnh thc phong ph. N c u th hn hn so vi cc phng php in d liu khc

C kh nng sp xp v phn nhm d liu (thng k cc nhm d liu)

C th nhng hnh nh, bo biu con

Thc hin php ton phc tp trong mt nhm cng nh nhiu nhm

II. Cc Report trong Access

Design View: T thit k

Report Wizard

Ta cn phi chn cc mc sau

Chn ngun d liu (Table hoc Query)

Chn trng trong d liu ngun

Nu mun to bo co phn nhm th xy dng trng cn phn nhm

Sp xp th t nu cn

Dng v kiu trnh by ca bo co.

Dng tr gip (Wizard) c th to bo co nhanh nhng kch c thng ln, khun dng v font ch theo ngm nh ca Access nn thng phi sa thit k

Auto Report: Columnar (dng ct), Tabular (dng bng)

T ng a ra bo co khi chn ngun d liu

Chart Wizard: dng th

Ta cn phi chn cc mc sau:

Chn cc trng cn xut hin trong biu

Chn dng trnh by ca biu

Sp t thng tin trn cc trc to

t tiu ca biu

Label Wizard: cho php chn cc trng tn, a ch,.. ri nh dng chng in nhn th (Access cung cp mt s loi nhn th ph bin)

Ta cn phi chn cc mc sau:

Xc nh kch c v cch b tr cc nhn trn giy

Chn Font ch

Cc trng cn ly thng tin

Trng cn sp xp.

III. Cc thnh phn ca Report

Thnh phn

ngha

Tiu bo co

(Report Header)

Cc iu khin trong thnh phn ny s xut hin trang u tin (ch mt ln) trong bo co.

Tiu trang

(Page Header)

Cc iu khin trong thnh phn ny s xut hin u mi trang bo co.

Chi tit

(Detail)

Th hin cc chi tit d liu ca bo co.

Tiu trang

(Page Footer)

Cc iu khin trong thnh phn ny s xut hin cui mi trang bo co.

Tiu bo co

(Report Footer)

Cc iu khin trong thnh phn ny s xut hin trang cui cng (ch mt ln) trong bo co.

Ngoi cc thnh phn c bn trn trong bo co cn c thm 2 thnh phn na

(ch s dng khi bo co thng k theo nhm d liu)

Thnh phn

ngha

u nhm

(Group Header)

Cc iu khin nm trong thnh phn ny s xut hin u mi nhm bo co

Cui nhm

(Group Footer)

Cc iu khin nm trong thnh phn ny s xut hin cui mi nhm bo co

IV. Cc thuc tnh ca Report

Ni chung cng ging nh cc thuc tnh ca Form.

V. Cc s kin ca Report:

On Open: khi m Report

On Close: khi ng Report

On Active: khi ca s cha Report l ca s hin hnh

On Deactive: khi ca s cha Report khng cn l ca s hin hnh

On No Data: ngun d liu khng c bn ghi no

VI. Trnh by bo co

Chn ngy gi

Chn v tr cn chn, ri vo thc n Insert/Date and Time... xut hin hp thoi sau:

Include Date: chn ngy

Include Date: chn gi

Hnh 4.1: Hp thoi chn ngy gi.

Chn s trang trn Report

Vo thc n Insert/Page Numbers xut hin hp thoi sau:

Hnh 4.2: Hp thoi chn s trang.

Format: dng hin th

Page N: ch hin th s trang

Page N of M: hin th s trang / tng s trang

Position: v tr hin s trang

Top of Page [Header]: pha u trang

Bottom of Page [Footer]: pha cui trang

Aligment: cn chnh

Left: hin th s trang l tri mi trang

Center: hin th s trang gia mi trang

Right: hin th s trang l phi mi trang

Inside: hin th s trang l tri trang l, l phi trang chn.

Outside: hin th s trang l phi trang l, l tri trang chn.

Show Number on First Page: nh s bt u t trang u tin. Nu khng chn

th nh s bt u t trang s 2 tr i.

Sp xp v phn nhm d liu

Cho php nhm, tng cng d liu theo tng loi khc nhau. C th phn nhm theo nhiu trng.

V d: Nhm theo khu vc, tnh/ thnh, hoc theo gii tnh,

Vo thc n View/Sorting and Grouping hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c

Hnh 4.3: Hp thoi sp xp v phn nhm.

Field/Expression: chn Field / Biu thc lm ch tiu phn nhm hay sp xp d liu cho bo co.

Lu : Nu l biu thc th phi c du = u.

Short Order: chn hnh thc sp xp d liu

Acending: sp xp d liu theo th t tng dn.

Descending: sp xp d liu theo th t gim dn.

Group Properties: quy nh cc thuc tnh ca nhm

Group Header: n /hin (Yes/No) tiu u nhm

Group Footer: n /hin (Yes/No) tiu cui nhm.

Group On: quy nh phng thc x l lp nhm cho cc Field/Expression lm ch tiu phn nhm

Each Value: ly ton b gi tr ca Field/Expression lm ch tiu phn nhm

Group Interval: quy nh khong gi tr c hiu lc cho phng thc x l lp nhm trn ti mc Group On

(Nu ti Group On l Each Value th ti mc Group Interval phi quy nh l 1)

Keep Together: mt s quy nh trnh by khi in.

No: in theo ch mc nhin

Whole Group: ngt trang khi ht nhm

With First Detail: in tiu ca u nhm v dng chi tit u tin ca nhm trn cng mt trang.

nh dng hin th d liu theo iu kin

Cho php nh dng mu ch, dng ch, mu nn. Ti a c 3 iu kin

V d: mun nh dng d liu ca cc i tng iu khin theo iu kin

Bc 1: chn i tng

Bc 2: vo thc n Format/Conditional Formatting... Xut hin hnh sau:

Hnh 4.4: Hp thoi nh dng d liu theo iu kin.

Add: thm iu kin

Delete: xo iu kin

Condition: iu kin

Field Value Is: t iu kin cho gi tr ca trng

Expresstion Is: t iu kin cho biu thc

Betweent: nm trong khong

Not betweent: nm ngoi khong

Equal to: bng

Not equal to: khng bng

Greater than: ln hn

Greater than or equal to: ln hn hoc bng

Less than: nh hn

Less than or equal to: nh hn hoc bng.

Bc 3: Nhn OK kt thc.

T ng nh s th t

To hp TextBox t ti phn Detail, ri khai bo cc thuc tnh nh sau:

Hnh 4.2: Ca s Properties ca Text Box.

Control Source: ngun d liu cho i tng, g vo = 1 (bt u t 1)

Running Sum: cch nh th t

No: s khng t ng tng (ch hin s 1)

Over Group: nh s th t theo tng nhm.

Over All: nh s th t cho tt c cc dng d liu trn bo biu.

Mt s hm thng s dng trong thit k Report

[Page]: chn s trang hin thi ca bo biu

[Pages]: chn tng s trang ca bo biu

Date(): chn ngy thng nm hin thi ca h thng

Now(): chn ngy thng nm, gi hin thi ca h thng

Cc hm thng k, tng cng d liu: Count, Sum,

CHNG VI: MACRO TP LNH

I. Khi nim

Tp lnh l mt cng c m Microsoft Access cung cp cho ngi s dng c th to ra cc hnh ng n gin trong lc xy dng ng dng m khng quan tm n ngn ng lp trnh VBA. Bn trong tp lnh c cha cc hnh ng, th t cc hnh ng ny thng thng c thc hin tun t t trn xung di, tuy nhin chng ta cng c th kim tra mt iu kin no phi ng trc khi thc hin cc hnh ng ny (nu cn)

Macro l tp hp cc lnh (hnh ng) c sp xp quy nh sn, gip ta c th t ng ho mt qu trnh x l no .

V d:m mu biu, bo biu c ch nh trc

Ngoi ra, s dng tp lnh cn gip ta xy dng h thng thc n cho giao din Form, lin kt cc i tng trong CSDL li vi nhau to thnh ng dng hon chnh.

Trong tp lnh c cha cc thnh phn sau:

Hnh 5.1: Mn hnh thit k tp lnh

Action: cho php chn cc hnh ng c trong tp lnh

Comment: ghi ch cho cc hnh ng. Thng thng chng ta nn ghi r rng cho cc ng v sau khi quay li sa chng ta d dng hiu ngay ngha ca cc hnh ng ny.

Action Arguments: th hin danh sch cc tham s tng ng ca hnh ng chn trong ct Action pha trn. Trong danh sch cc tham s c mt s tham s c th khng cn khai bo hoc mc nh, nhng ngc li c mt s tham s bt buc phi khai bo th lnh mi c th thc hin c.

V d:hnh ng OpenForm th Form Name bt buc phi khai bo tn mu biu cn m.

Bng tm tt cc hnh ng theo tng cng vic

Cc hnh ng

Cng vic

AddMenu, SetMenuItem

To thc n cho ng dng, lm thay i trng thi ca mt chc nng trong thc n.

RunCommand

Thc hin mt lnh trong thc n h thng ca MS Access.

OpenQuery, RunSQL, RunMacro, RunCode

Thc hin mt truy vn, cu lnh SQL, tp lnh hoc mt hm vit bng ngn ng VBA.

RunApp

Thi hnh mt ng dng khc ci trn my.

CancelEvent, StopMacro, StopAllMacro, Quit

Hu mt bin c, ngng tp lnh, thot khi MS Access.

OutputTo, SendObject

Gi mt i tng ca MS Access ra ng dng khc.

TransferDatabase, TransferSpreadsheet, TransferText

Chuyn i d liu qua li gia MS Access v cc ng dng khc.

Echo, HourGlass, Msgbox, SetWarnings

Hin th cc thng bo trn mn hnh.

SendKeys

Gi cc phm c nhn vo ng dng.

ShowToolbar

Hin hoc n cc thanh cng c.

Beep

Pht ting ku bp.

GoToRecord, FindRecord, FindNext

Di chuyn bn ghi, tm kim d liu

GoToPage, GoToControl

Di chuyn qua cc trang, cc iu khin trn mu biu.

Apply Filter

Lc d liu

SelectObject, CopyObject, DeleteObject, Rename, Save

Chn i tng, sao chp, xo, i tn, lu i tng.

MoveSize, Maximize, Minimize, Restore

Di chuyn, thay i kch thc ca s.

OpenTable, OpenQuery, OpenForm, OpenReport, OpenModule, Close

M v ng cc i tng trong MS Access.

SetValue

Gn gi tr cho mt iu khin hoc thuc tnh ca mt iu khin.

Requery, ShowAllRecord

Cp nht li d liu cc iu khin, hin li cc bn ghi lc

OpenDiagram, OpenView, OpenStoreProcedure

Truy cp trc tip n cc i tng ca SQL Server

V d: To hnh ng hin th thng bo trn mn hnh.

Hnh 5.2: Mn hnh thit k hnh ng MsgBox.

Message: ni dung thng bo

Beep: c pht ting bp khng

Type: biu tng trong hp thng bo

Critical

Warning?

Warning!

Information

Title: tiu thng bo (nu b trng s hin th mc nh l Microsoft Access)

Hnh 5.3: Mn hnh kt qu khi thi hnh Macro.

II. To mi v thi hnh mt Macro

a. To mi Macro

T ca s Database chn thnh phn Macros, ri chn New

b. Thi hnh Macro

T ca s Database chn Macro cn thi hnh ri chn Run hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c

c. Sa Macro

T ca s Database chn Macro cn sa ri chn Design. Ta c th thc hin cc thao tc sau:

Thm hnh ng, chn lnh Insert Rows

Xo hnh ng, chn lnh Delete Rows

Thay i cc tham s trong hnh ng

III. Tp lnh c iu kin Condition Macro

L Macro c cha cc iu kin thi hnh cho tng hnh ng

t iu kin thi hnh cho tng hnh ng trong Macro ti ct Condition.

Ch : nu iu kin cho Action di ging iu kin ca Action ngay trn th ti ct Condition c th vit du ba chm ...

Cch xy dng:

Cch 1: vo thc n View/Conditions.

Cch 2: nhn biu tng trn thanh cng c.

IV. Nhm tp lnh Macro Group

L Macro cha nhiu Macro con c phn bit nhau bi tn Macro Name

Thay v to ra tng tp lnh ri rc phi lu vi nhiu tn khc nhau khng tp trung trong danh sch i tng tp lnh, th chng ta c th gom cc tp lnh li chung vi nhau v ch lu vi mt tn nhm gim bt i s lng cc tp lnh trong danh sch i tng tp lnh.

Khi quyt nh gom nhm th phi c cng chung cc tnh cht sau:

Gm cc hnh ng trn cng mt mu biu hoc bo biu

Theo chc nng ca cc hnh ng

Cch thc hin:

Cch 1: vo thc n View/Macro Names.

Cch 2: nhn biu tng trn thanh cng c.

V d:: To ra nhm tp lnh DiChuyen gm cc hnh ng sau:

Chuyn con tr v bn ghi u

Chuyn con tr v bn ghi trc

Chuyn con tr ti bn ghi k tip

Chuyn con tr ti bn ghi cui

(Ta thy rng nhm tp lnh ny c cng chc nng di chuyn con tr)

Hnh 5.4: Mn hnh thit k nhm tp lnh DiChuyen.

Quy tc gi thi hnh mt Macro con trong Macro Group

Tn Macro Group.Tn Macro cn gi

V. Cc Macro khc

Autoexec Macro: l Macro t ng thi hnh ngay sau khi m file CSDL

Autokeys Macro: l Macro cha cc t hp phm nng (phm tt).

V d:: trong ct Macro Names ta xy dng c php nh sau:

VI. Gn Macro vo s kin ca nt lnh

Bc 1: M Form ch Design View

Bc 2: M bng thuc tnh ca nt lnh

Chn Event/ Chn s kin / chn Macro mun thc hin.

Hnh 5.5: Ca s Properties nt lnh.

EMBED Word.Picture.8

KHOA

# MAKHOA

* TENKHOA

+ SOGV

SINHVIEN

# MSSV

* TENSV

* GOITINH

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n

1

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# MAMH

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SINHVIEN

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* MAKHOA

+ QUEQUAN

n

n

K KT HN

NAM

HO_TEN

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* QUE_QUAN

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1

NU

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* NGAY_SINH

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# MAMH

* TENMH

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SINHVIEN

# MSSV

* TENSV

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n

n

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# MSSV

# MAMH

# NGAYK

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# SO_CMNDnu

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n

n

1

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