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Ginkgo, Melody of Nature Jimmy Shen
银杏
大地之歌
沈建明
Ginkgo, Melody of Nature Jimmy Shen
银杏
大地之歌
沈建明
Qunyan Press Beijing
群言出版社
北京
本书文字，图片及设计 ©沈建明，版权所有。
2015 年 12 月 11 日，国务院工作会议决定对知识产权侵权行为采取惩罚
性赔偿。美国法院曾经有对图片的侵权者作出其营业额百分之五的处罚。
同意此条款，请继续欣赏。
联系作者：
沈建明
0571-8595.3073， 133.8860.7204
杭州市西湖区留下镇外东穆坞 13 号南 3栋 邮编 310023
© 2015 by Shen Jimmy
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written
permission of Shen Jimmy.
Contact
Shen Jimmy
Tel:0086-571-8595.3073 0086-133.8860.7204
No. 3 Bldg, south of 13 Wai DongMuWu, Liuxia Town, XiHu District,
Hangzhou, China
Greetings from the ancient land of the ginkgo, a botanical utopia
located in the grand mountain ranges in the Orient.
China is home to primeval wild ginkgo forests, which can be traced
back hundreds of millions of years, when the original ecological
vegetation flourished. Roaming on this land would free us from our
worries and refresh our soul.
The purpose of this book is to promote public awareness towards the
ginkgo; to associate ginkgo enthusiasts around the world; to unite
and invite various groups in preserving ancient ginkgo forests for
biodiversity.
The more we know about ginkgo, the deeper we explore nature.
Jimmy Shen
Preface IntroductionChina has so many natural treasures, like panda among animals, and
ginkgo among plants, just to name a few.
For two decades, Mr. Jimmy Shen has been searching the beauty of
ginkgo, into his lenses, and now into this book, a poetic monograph
before us.
Our national leaders often take ginkgo trees as presents when they
visit foreign countries. With the increasing rise of Chinese economic
power, there comes a pressing need for international cultural
exchanges. May this book Ginkgo, Melody of Nature 《银杏 大地之歌》
be a tireless goodwill ambassador from China.
Dr. Maochun He, Director
of the Research Center for Economic Diplomacy Studies
at Tsinghua University
了解银杏，感悟自然。
银杏的历史可以追溯到二亿多年以前的远古时期，任山海升降，陵
谷迁变，它们世世代代，生生不息。
中华大地是一方得天独厚的土地，在这里的崇山峻岭之中，生长着
许多野生古银杏，徜徉在古老的大地，访古寻幽，定能涵养心灵，涤俗
滤忧，体验大自然的奥秘，触发我们的敬仰之情。
本书的出版旨在唤起世人对银杏的关注；弘扬银杏文化；联合各方
有志人士，集思广益，聚沙成塔，共同让银杏成为我们的骄傲，而挹
注大家之心力。
珍爱银杏，感恩大地，回归纯朴的自然。
沈建明
2015/02/18
中国国宝多，动物有熊猫，植物有银杏。 银杏一身是宝。叶果为良药，
干枝为良材，数亿年来，见证了地球上沧海桑田，万物兴衰。
沈建明先生数十年寻访银杏美姿，将其摄入镜头，载入书中，带给
世人一本图文并茂的银杏诗篇。读来感动，恍入仙境。沈先生镜头下的
银杏，刚劲挺拔、婀娜多姿，折射出摄影家独到的精神境界和艺术追求。
国家领导人出访时常常带上银杏树 , 作为国礼。银杏成了传播友谊
的使者。随着我国地位的不断提升，对外交流越来越频繁，2014 年出境
游人数超过一亿人次，文化的交流尤显得迫切。
祝愿这本《银杏 大地之歌》Ginkgo, Melody of Nature 成为从中国
走出的亲善大使，不辞辛劳地为增进中外友谊助力添彩。
何茂春教授
清华大学经济外交研究中心主任
2015/10/17 凌晨于清华照澜院
序 前言
序 ........................................................................................5
前言 .....................................................................................5
关于银杏 ..............................................................................9
古银杏 ................................................................................15
奇观 ...................................................................................29
银杏之最 .........................................................................33
夫妻银杏 .........................................................................37
雌雄同株 .........................................................................41
奇观集萃 .........................................................................45
民间药方 ............................................................................71
传说 ...................................................................................77
市树 .................................................................................105
古诗 .................................................................................113
记事与趣闻 .......................................................................137
关于作者 ..........................................................................167
感谢 .................................................................................167
主要参考书目 ...................................................................171
Contents
Preface .................................... ..........................................3
Introduction .......................................................................3
About Ginkgo ....................................................................9
Oldest Ginkgos .................................................................15
Wonders ............................................................................29
Highlights ....................................................................30
Couple Ginkgos ...........................................................34
Monoecious Ginkgos ...................................................40
Wonders Collection .....................................................42
Folk Remedies ..................................................................71
Legends ............................................................................77
City Tree .........................................................................105
Poems ..............................................................................113
Memorabilia and Tidbits .................................................137
About the Author ............................................................166
Acknowledgments ..........................................................166
Bibliography ...................................................................168
目录
关于银杏
银杏，作为著名的活化石，从远古时期繁衍至今，让人感叹
唏嘘；它的风姿，总牵引我们的视线；它的魅力，让无数人趋之
若鹜。
About GinkgoAs a living fossil, ginkgo has been around since ancient times. Its beauty always pleases our eyes. Its benefits deserve our esteem.
Carried by the wind, pollen travels miles across hills and rivers,
meanwhile the ovule sends out a drop of liquid on the top to catch
pollen passing by (See opposite). After the meeting, the drop
retreats and leads the way for pollen to settle down in the pollen tube,
where pollen grains develop into sperms. Later in autumn matured
sperms swim to the egg, which is developed in the ovule, making
the actual fertilization. The embryo, developed from fertilized ovule,
continues to grow for two months even after ripe seeds are picked.
Each part of the tree is of value. The wood is ideal for carvings.
Besides the nutrition in the nuts, the outer flesh can be used as a
kind of an insecticide. Since scientists found ginkgo leaf extracts can
improve blood circulation mid last century, they have been widely
used as nutritional supplements, medicines, and more recently
cosmetics and drinks.
Many folks take old male ginkgo trees for their godfather. They write
their names and date of birth, and wishes for fortune on a piece of
wood, and hang it high on the trunk, hoping that their godfather would
safeguard their lifelong happiness.
左上：银杏木材
右上：胚珠
下：花粉
ABOVE LEFT : GINKGO WOOD
ABOVE RIGHT: OVULE
BELOW: POLLEN
In 1989, at Yi Ma Formation of Henan province, China, a team of
paleontologists led by Ziyan Zhou and Bole Zhang unearthed some
ginkgo fossils, that they later traced back 170 million years--the oldest
ginkgo fossils found to date(See page 15). Along with other fossil
discoveries in Europe and North America, it is evident that ginkgo
biloba once flourished in many parts of our planet at ancient times.
Most forms of animals and plants disappeared after the mass extinction
65 million years ago. What was worse, the Quaterary glaciers swept
across the planet 2 million years ago, as a result, one species of ginkgo
tree survived the catastrophe in sheltered mountainous areas in China.
Today these existing ginkgo biloba trees represent the only genus of
family Ginkgoaceae of order Ginkgoales of gymnosperms.
Ancient Chinese found ginkgo seeds tasty and transplanted the
tree nationwide. Because of their straight trunks and extraordinary
shape, ginkgo trees were often planted in front of temples, lending an
atmosphere of awe and solemnity.
Old Buddhist monks liked to use walking sticks made of ginkgo twigs,
when they traveled as missionaries, they stuck their sticks into the soil
inside the temple, where new trees would grow from these sticks. It is
said by this method that ginkgo spread to Korean peninsula and Japan
about 1,500 years ago. In late seventeenth century, ginkgo seeds were
carried from Japan to Holland, thus the first ginkgo tree in Europe
grew. From Holland, ginkgo was transplanted to Germany, Britain,
France, Austria and U.S.A.
Ginkgo is one of the few plants, which feature sperms. In spring,
pollen grows on male trees while the ovule develops on the females.
12 13
Popular as a street tree, ginkgo has
been cherished as the city tree in
some countries. There is a new drive
to plant ginkgo trees, ensuring that
ginkgo will continue to thrive around
the world.
BOARD WITH WISHES
写着祝愿的木板
15
1989 年中国古生物学家周志炎和章伯乐在河南省义马煤矿发掘了距
今一亿七千万年的银杏化石，这是全世界迄今为止最早和最完整的银杏
化石。加上其它银杏化石在北美洲和欧洲被考古发现，证实银杏很早在
地球上广泛生存过。与起源于距今八百万年的人类的祖先古猿的历史比
较起来，银杏的历史悠久很多。
可是在距今六千五百万年发生的生物大绝灭，加上两百万年前席卷
了地球的严重 Quaterary 冰川运动，导致了大多数物种的消失。有一种
银杏，在中国由于高山的庇护，阻挡了冰川的侵袭而存活了下来，所以
现存的银杏，是银杏目到银杏科到银杏属的仅存的代表。
古代中国人发现银杏的种实营养美味而广泛载种，由于它的高大挺
直的躯干和浓密的枝叶 , 人们经常把它种在庙宇旁，营造庄严肃穆的氛
围。老和尚们爱把银杏枝杆用作手杖，在外传道时，他们把手杖插在庙
宇旁的泥土里，一棵新的银杏就这样成活生长。据说银杏通过此方法在
一千五百年以前由中国传到朝鲜半岛和日本。十七世纪末，银杏种子由
日本带到了荷兰，由此欧洲第一棵银杏树诞生了。后来又由荷兰被移植
到了德国，英国，法国，奥地利和美国。
银杏是几种产生精子的稀有植物之一，雌雄异株。春天，雄树花粉
随着流动的空气去寻爱，而此时雌树的胚珠的顶端冒出一小水珠，来留
住飘临的花粉，然后退缩并将花粉带进胚珠内的花粉管，花粉在此生长
发育成精子，体积日渐膨大，最终使花粉管壁破裂，精子便与由胚珠发
育而成的卵子结合形成胚。随着养分的积累，种实逐步成熟。
银杏是著名的长寿树，中国有好几株超过三千年树龄的银杏。一些
人认雄银杏为干爹，他们在一片小木板上，写上自己的名字和福禄寿喜
之类的心愿，高高地挂在树干上，祈求老干爹的保佑。（见 12 页）
由于银杏挺拔伟岸的造型，抗病虫害能力强，很多城市推崇银杏作
行道树，来美化环境，同时也有效减少城市热岛效应。自上世纪科学家
发现银杏叶制剂能改善血液循环以来，银杏叶制剂及其营养添加剂如雨
后春笋在市场上不断涌现，全世界又兴起了种植银杏树的热潮，可以预
见不久的未来 ,银杏又将遍植天下。
义马银杏，上：叶子 ,下：果实
GINKGO YIMAENSIS;
ABOVE: LEAVES; BELOW: SEEDS
我国的古银杏
在我国，千年古银杏有 1,000 多棵，大部分是雌树，因为它
们所产的果实，美味又富有营养。
Oldest GinkgosIn China there are more than 1,000 ginkgo trees that are over one thousand years old. Most of them are female, because folks preferred female trees for their seeds.
3,000 年以上
位于山东省莒县浮来山定林寺前院的一棵古树，
性别 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
雌 25 3.97 877
至今每年还产果实。
位于贵州省福泉市黄丝镇乐邦村的一棵古树，
性别 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
雄 42 4.78 600 余
一条条血红的斑痕从主干和枝干的表皮内渗出。
位于贵州省惠水县摆金镇冗章寨的一棵古树，
性别 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
雌 40 余 3.25 530
主干中空，能容一人。长有树奶，树奶图见 29 及 32 页，有关此树，还
有一传说，见 103 页。
位于湖南省洞口县那溪瑶族自治乡宝瑶村宝瑶组的一棵古树，
性别 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
雌 52 3.5
至今每年还产果实，枝干上挂着 20 多个树奶。树奶图见 29 及 32 页。
Ginkgoes over 3,000 Years Old
RIGHT: A 1500-YEAR-OLD GINKGO ON TOP OF
WUYUN MOUNT, HAGNZHOU
A tree at Dinglin temple on Folai mountain of Ju county, Shandong
province,
Gender Height Diameter at Breast Height Crown
Female 82 ft/25 m 13 ft/3.9 m 9,440 sqft/877 sqm
A tree at Lebang village, Huangsi town, Fuquan city, Guizhou
province,
Gender Height Diameter at Breast Height Crown
Male 138 ft/42 m 15 ft/4.6 m 6,458 sq ft/600 sqm
It has abundant foliage.
3,707 feet (1,130 meters) above sea level, a tree at Rongzhang village,
Baijing town, Huishui county, Guizhou province,
Gender Height Diameter at Breast Height Crown
Female 131 ft/40 m 11 ft/3.3 m 5,694 sq ft/529 sqm
A hole inside the trunk can hold one man, it bears several chichis on
the trunk (Chichi photo on page 29 and 32). A legend circulates about
this tree, see page 102.
A tree at Baoyao village, Naxi Yao minority commune, Dongkou
county, Hunan province,
Gender Height Diameter at Breast Height
Female 158 ft/48 m 15 ft/4.6 m
Each year it grows a lot of seeds. It has dozens of chichis. See chichi
photo on page 29 and 32.
左：杭州市五云山顶一颗约 1500 年树龄银杏
18 19
20 21
Wild Ginkgo in Mount Tian Mu (See Overleaf)
Grows from cracks of rocks along a steep cliff in West Mount Tianmu,
LinAn, Zhejiang province, female, 95 ft/29 m high, diameter at breast
height 9 ft/2.8 m. The upper half of the main trunk was destroyed
by fire, 22 younger trees of various ages grow nearby, forming a big
family with many generations.
This 2,000-year-old tree is famous for being an example of wild
ginkgo, whose ancestors survived the glacier movement 2 million
years ago. Mount Tianmu is a member of the UNESCO's 'Man and
Biosphere Reserve Network', I live much of my time in a ginkgo
village-Yangjia village, which is situated below one of its branches.
Within this region, grow many old wild ginkgos, most photos in this
book were taken in this region.
Yangjia village
Surrounded by ranges of branches of Mount Tian Mu, Yangjia village
is situated in a long valley, with a population of over 1,200 people,
hundreds of houses were built along several singing streams.
There are a lot of ginkgo trees scattered besides houses, in small
valleys, and in the hills. Each family has several ginkgo trees which
produce seeds, one of the main harvests that produce a yearly income.
Due to the environment blessed with so many ginkgos, folks usually
live long lives. A 105-year-old lady (See Overleaf) often wins money
when playing Mahjong with others.
ABOVE: 22 YOUNGER TREES AROUND THE
MAIN TREE; MIDDLE: THE WILD GINKGO;
BELOW: DETAIL OF THE TRUNK; LEFT: A
SCENE OF YANGJIA VILLAGE
OVERLEAF: LEFT: ANOTHER SCENE OF
YANGJIA VILLAGE; RIGHT 1 & 2: CHILDREN
E X C E R C I S I N G K O N F U ; R I G H T 3 : A
105-YEAR-OLD LADY; RIGHT 4: FOLKS ARE
DISTILLING SPIRIT.
23
五世同堂银杏
位于浙江省西天目山悬崖峭壁之上 , 高 29 米 , 胸径 2.27 米 , 主
干被火烧去一半，已枯死，围绕主干生长着 22棵小树，形成五世同堂，
是野生银杏的代表，这一带的古银杏在天目山高山的庇护下，躲过了距
今 200 万年以前发生的冰川袭击而幸存。我长期生活在天目山余脉一银
杏村 ---- 杨家村，本书大部分图片均摄于天目山地区。
杨家村
四面环山的杨家村属浙江省富阳市万市镇，周遍是天目山余脉，民
居大多沿几条小溪而筑，人口 1200 余，除了原始植被，竹子点缀着很
多山坡，秋天时很容易发现一丛丛黄色的树林，那就是银杏了，田头，
屋前房后，山坳里，到处都有。每户人家都有几棵挂果银杏树，果实是
他们的一项重要收入。
可能是由于风水的关系，还有环境的原因，杨家村里多寿星。这位
105 岁的阿婆，打麻将还经常赢钱呢。杨家村附近的何务村也有很多银
杏树。
左：杨家村一景 ,右 1: 乡亲们在制酒，右 2:105 岁的阿婆 ,右 3及 4: 小孩
22 及 23 页
左 1：22 棵环绕的小树，左 2：五世同堂银杏，左 3：树干细部，右：杨家
村一景
OPPOSITE: A NEARLY 1800-YEAR-OLD GINKGO AT QINGLIANGFENG TOWN, MOUNT TIANMU
对页：天目山清凉峰镇约 1800 年树龄银杏
24
Ginkgoes 2,000-3,000 Years Old Location Gender Height Diameter at Breast Height Crown
A tree at Zhongsheng Palace of Louguantai, Zhouzi county, Shaanxi province, Female 79 ft 15 ft
planted during Zhou Dynasty (1,000-256 B.C.) by the famous scholar Laozi, the /24 m /4.7 m
huge hole inside the trunk caused by fire can hold a dozen people.
A tree at Maguanying village, Caiyuan town, QianAn county, Hebei province, Female 74 ft 8.9 ft
each year it produces 440-660 pounds (200-300 kgs) of seeds. /22.6 m /2.7 m
A tree at Sunyun village of Laozhuan commune, Luyi county, Henan province, Female 117 ft 6.6 ft
its leaves are of different colors in spring and summer, the northern half is dark /35.7 m /2 m
green like normal, while the southern half is golden yellow, like those in autumn.
A tree at Zanglongpin village, Chinan commune, Zhenba county, Shaanxi province, Female 115 ft 9.4 ft 6,458 sq ft
famous as the Ginkgo Queen, it is abundant and produces 2,000 pounds (900 kilo- /35 m /2.8 m /600 sqm
grams) of seeds each year
A tree by the right side of FuYan temple, Hanshan, Hunan province, Female 49 ft 5.4 ft
there’s a legend associated with this tree, see page 80. /15 m /1.75 m
A tree by the former city pond, west of Linquan County, Anhui Province, Female 98 ft 8.2 ft
Its roots are bare above the ground. /30 m /2.5 m
A tree at Baita temple,Tianziyukou, Wangzhuang Commune, Changan county, Female 72 ft 10.66 ft 8,647 sq ft
Shaanxi province, /22 m /3.25 m /806 sqm
At Chanling temple of Zunhua county, Hebei province, there is a grove of 13 old ginkgoes altogether, of which one trunk is rotten, from where a
new ginkgo grows up.
27
2,000-3,000 年之间
位于陕西省周至县楼观台宗圣宫的一棵古树，周代银杏，相传为老子所植。 雌 24 4.7
被火焚的树干形成大洞，可容十余人。
位于河北省迁安县蔡园镇马官营村的一棵古树，树冠半径 15 米。 雌 22.6 2.7
这株银杏每年结果二三百斤。
位于河南省鹿邑县老庄乡孙营村的一棵古树，树上长着两种不同颜色的叶片， 雌 35.7 1.99
树冠北半部为深绿色叶子，树冠南半部为金黄色叶片，如同秋末叶黄一般。
人们又称金叶白果树。
位于陕西省汉中市镇巴县赤南乡藏龙坪村的一棵古树，每年可产银杏一两千公斤。 雌 35 2.86 616
据当地一块古碑记载，原来这棵大树旁有一座古庙。此庙在 1958 年被毁。
位于湖南省衡山市福严寺右侧的一棵古树，关于此树，有一传说，见 83 页。 雌 15 1.75
位于安徽省临泉县县城西古城池处的一棵古树，至今仍枝繁叶茂，生机勃勃， 雌 30 2.55
根部裸露，造型千姿百态。
位于陕西省长安县王庄乡天子峪口百塔寺的一棵古树， 雌 22 3.25 806
位于河北省遵化县禅林寺院的 13 株古树，其中一株，树心已腐朽，又从洞腹中长出一株粗大银杏。
树龄 2,000 以下的银杏树太多，在此只列举一棵。
地址 性别 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
29
Ginkgo Planted During Three Kingdoms Time
Located at the old Chenghuang temple of Zhou Tie town, Yixing,
Jiangsu province, this female ginkgo is over 1,800 years old, with a
height of 98.7 ft (30 m), and a diameter at breast height of 8.7 ft (2.66
m). It bears a lot of Chi-chis, an upside down growing (See opposite).
Shunxiong Sun, the man in charge of caring for the tree, told me that
due to its location near Tai Lake, it used to serve as the navigation
mark for those sailing on the lake. One year while building a house
located across the 131-feet-wide (40-meter-wide) river to the temple’s
right, one root of this tree was found. The house is another 196.8 ft (60
m) down the bank, so it can be reckoned that some roots underground
are nearly 328 ft (100 m) long.
右及上：树奶 ,
对页：上：三国银杏 ,
下：树干细部
ABOVE: GINKGO PLANTED DURING
THREE KINGDOMS TIME; BELOW: DETAIL OF TRUNK; OPPOSITE: ABOVE & BELOW: CHICHI
三国银杏
位于江苏省宜兴市周铁镇老城隍庙内，雌，长有树奶，相传由孙
权母亲在汉献帝兴平二年种植，距今已有1800余年,高30米，胸径2.66
米。负责看护的孙顺荣告诉我，因为靠近太湖，古时候它被当作航标。
城隍庙的右边是一条四十米宽的大河，有一年河对面一户人家造房时，
发掘到此树的一段根，加上河岸到造房人家五六十米的距离，这样推算
根的长度近百米。
HighlightsThe highest tree is nearly 230 ft (70 m), at Zhangjiapin, Hezuojiao
commune, Zhangjiajie, Hunan province.
The tree of the biggest crown of 4,265 square ft (1,300 square meters),
male, 105 ft (32 m) tall, diameter at breast height 7.2 ft (2.2 m), is at
Yinshan village, Guanmiao commune, Jinzhai county, Anhui province.
The tree at the highest location is at halfway up Mount Gongga, south
of Luding county, Sichuan province. It is over 2,000 years old, over
98 ft (30 m) tall, its diameter at breast height nearly 6.6 ft (2 m). Its
location is about 9,843 ft (3,000 m) above sea level.
The thickest tree with a trunk of diameter at breast height of 20 ft (6 m)
is at Nanping commune, Shimen county, Hunan province.
The biggest family is the forest grove of a 2,000-years-old ginkgo
with hundreds of younger ginkgos, radiating around the main tree.
The main tree is 114 ft (35 m) tall. Its diameter at breast height is
over 13 ft (4.1 m). It is located at a hill slope at the ginkgo garden,
Songtuochang, Pengshui county, Chongqin.
The most hosted ginkgo, an 800-year-old tree, grows four kinds of
parasite trees, including a white mulberry; a pagoda tree; a jujube tree
and a foxglove tree, fruits like mulberry and dates often fall from this
ginkgo tree in autumn, resulting a botanic wonder. It's located below
Mount Bailong, Liuhe District, Nanjing, Jiangsu province.
The longest chichi, an upside down growing (See below), is 9.2 ft/2.8
m long, diameter at base is 2 ft (0.6 m), it grows on a 1,500-year-
old female tree, which is 138 ft (42 m) tall, diameter at breast height
7 ft (2.13 m). The tree grows seeds on the side of leaves, it is called
Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Mak (Ohatsuki), (for more information,
see page 44). Over 30 younger trees grow around the main tree. It is
situated at Pingyan village, Gouba commune, Baihe county, Shaanxi
province.
CHICHI,树奶
32
位置最高四川省泸定县南部贡嘎山海拔 3,000 米半山腰，生长着一棵 2,000 余年
树龄的银杏，高 50 多米，胸径 3.8 米。
最大的家族重庆市彭水县桑柘场白果园附近一株 2,000 年龄的古银杏，胸径 4.1米，
高约 35 米，树的基部周长 16 米，树冠最大直径约 41 米，离地面 2 米
处的主干空成了一个大洞，洞中可容 3-4 人。洞中又长出三棵银杏，都
1 米多高。树干周围，丛生着数百株小银杏，枝围 1 米左右。在古银杏
主干 15 米处的干壁上，还寄生两株高达 6 米的棕树。在整个树干、枝
桠之间，缠绕着无数的巨大紫藤。
寄生最多树种的银杏树江苏省南京市六合区白龙山脚下，有一株 800 多年树龄的古银杏，树上
寄生着桑、槐、枣、泡桐等 4 种不同的树，一到秋天，桑葚或者枣子会
从浓密的银杏叶中掉下来，形成了植物界的奇观。
银杏之最
最高的古树
70米，位于湖南省张家界市合作桥乡张家坪的一棵古树。
主干最粗
胸径 6米，位于湖南省石门县南坪乡的一棵古树。
冠幅面积最大面积约 1,300 平方米，雄株 , 32 米高，胸径 2.19 米 , 位于安徽省金寨
县关庙乡银山村的一棵古树。
最长树奶2.8 米长，基径 0.6 米，生长在一棵高 42 米，胸径 2.13 米的千年雌树
的主干上，周围萌生的34株幼树，此树位于陕西省白河县沟扒乡平岩村。
(树奶图见 29及 32 页 )。此银杏树叶子上能结果实，称为“叶籽银杏”
（见 47 页）
36
Location Age Height Diameter at Breast Height Crown
A pair behind former Buyi minority hamlet of Banmang commune, Male 2,000 125 ft/38 m 12 ft/3.8 m 536 sqyds
Duying, Guizhou province, every year it produces about 1,100 lb Female 5.2 ft/1.60 m /448 sqm
(500 kg) of seeds.
A pair at Tushan village, Jiangyan, Jiangsu province, Male 2,000 118 ft/35.8 m 13 ft/4 m
as a result of numerous rains' washing, their bases are now 19.7 ft Female similar similar similar
(6 m) above the ground level, leaving clusters of roots bare.
A pair in front of Mile Hall of Xuedou temple, Xikou town, Fenghua, Male 1,800 98 ft/30 m 5.3 ft/1.6 m
Zhejiang province, an 100-year-old oak grows from the male. Female similar 72 ft/22 m 3.6 ft/1.1 m
A pair at Donggangou village, Shiweng town, Zhashui county, Shanxi Male 1,700 131 ft/40 m 9.8 ft/3 m
province, with a distance of 23 ft (7 m) between, their roots twist Female similar similar
and mix with each other, and their branches lean against one another.
Halfway up a hill, a pair at Chayuan village, Wadian commune, Male 1,500
Huaying, Sichuan province, Female similar
A pair before the grand hall of Fahai temple, Xiazhuang street, Male 1,400 66 ft/20 m 3.9 ft/1.2 m
Chengyang district, Qingdao, Shandong province, Female similar 33 ft/10 m 2 ft/0.6 m
Couple Ginkgos
On Nov. 17, 2008, under the old golden couple ginkgos at Zhou Clan
village, Luoyang town, Suizhou, Hubei province, 14 pairs of lovers
held their romantic wedding ceremony, wishing their love lasting as
long as the couple ginkgos. Due to their special characteristics,
male and female being separate trees, different genders usually live
together, famous couple ginkgos are listed below:
39
位于贵州省都匀市摆忙乡布依寨旧堡寨后的一对， 雄树 2,000 38 3.82 448
两树相距 2米。 雌树 1.6
位于江苏省姜堰市土山村的一对， 雄树 2,000 35.8 4.1
经过无数年雨水的冲刷，现在的树基高出地面 6米多，群根裸露。 雌树 相似 相似 相似
位于浙江省奉化市溪口镇雪窦寺弥勒宝殿前的一对， 雄树 1,800 30 1.6
在那株雄银杏树上还长着一棵近百年树龄的小栎树。 雌树 相似 22 1.1
位于陕西省柞水县石瓮镇东甘沟村的一对， 雄树 1,700 44 2.26 410
这对银杏树盘根错节，相距７米余，枝丫交错相依，茂盛又苍劲。 雌树 相似 45 2.55 420
位于四川省华蓥市瓦店乡茶园村半山腰的一对， 雄树 1,500
雄树高大挺拔 , 雌树稍矮。两树桠枝交错 , 浑然一体。雌树每年结果 雌树 相似
500 余公斤。
位于山东省青岛市城阳区夏庄街道办事处法海寺大雄宝殿前的一对， 雄树 1,400 20 1.2
雌树 相似 10 0.6
夫妻银杏
2008 年 11 月 15 日，14 对武汉的情侣，特地来到 100 余公里外的
随州市洛阳镇银杏谷周氏祠村古老夫妻银杏树下，举行了隆重的婚礼，
祝愿爱情就像夫妻银杏树那样长长久久。银杏雌雄异株，著名的夫妻银
杏树有：
地址 树龄 高度（米） 胸径（米） 冠幅（平方米）
永不分离的夫妻树
最神奇的要数江西省婺源县段莘乡汪槎村的一对银杏树，分列小溪
两旁，躯干越往上，越倾向对方，树首交叉，高有 20 余米，左边的雄
树胸围 3.15 米，右边的雌树胸围 2.2 米，雄树的底部长出一根直径 0.6
米 , 长约 4 米的树根，横跨小溪 , 直达雌树的底部。老乡汪二久调侃说
到现在他们两口子还缠缠绵绵不分不离呢。1969年一场洪水冲垮了此根，
此前人们还从这根上过溪呢。村里的年轻人结婚时，定会到银杏树下跪
拜，祈求幸福像它们那样长长久久。 左：路上路过吾村的徽派建
筑，下：路上路过的另一附近村庄 对页：左：吃罢晚饭，村民组长
汪庆源抽起了烟，那长烟管是竹子做的。右：永不分离的夫妻树
40
The Never-parted Couple Ginkgos
The most outstanding couple ginkgos are situated at WangCha village,
Duanxin commune, Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province. They are
about 66 ft (20 m) tall; with diameter at breast height of 3.3 ft (1 m).
Standing on either bank of a stream, they grew up high toward each
other, their heads united. One holds some part of the other. One root
of the male, its diameter over 1.6 ft (0.6 m), 13 ft (4 m) long grows
across the stream into the female's base. Folk villager Erjiu Wang told
me that people used to cross the stream by way of this root, before it
was damaged by flowing currents during a flood in 1969. Local newly-
weds usually come to kneel before the trees, in hope of a lasting love
as long as that of the couple ginkgos.
BELOW: AFTER SUPPER, QINGYUAN WANG, HEADMAN OF THIS
HAMLET ENJOYS SMOKING USING HIS BAMBOO-MADE PIPE. RIGHT:
THE COUPLE GINKGOES, OPPOSITE: ABOVE: THE NEARBY WU
VILLAGE, BELOW: ANOTHER NEARBY VILLAGE I PASSED BY
Wonders Collection
Hanging Down Branches
In front of Faquan temple in Songshan forest park, Songshanchong, Gaobazhou town, Yidu, Hubei province, stands a large female ginkgo tree. Its branches hang down, as opposed to stretching out upward normally. One may confuse it with a willow tree from afar. The longest hanging branch is over 16.4 ft (5 m) long.
The tree is luxuriant, 82 ft (25 m) tall, with a diameter at breast height of 3.3 ft (1 m). It produces a lot of seeds each year.
Scientifically this tree is a variation, called Ginkgo biloba var. pendula Carr.
MOSS ON SKIN OF A GINKGO 银杏树皮上的青苔
Seeds Grow on the Side of Leaves
There are very few ginkgo trees, whose seeds grow on the side of their leaves.
--One in Shandong province On the site of Dayanshan temple, Zhinvdong forest farm, Yiyuan county, there is a 500-year-old ginkgo tree, some of its leaves grow seeds. The tree is 53 ft (16 m) tall, with a diameter at breast height of 3.3 ft (1 m).
--Two in Henan province One is at Zifang village, Wawu commune, Lushan county; The other is at Forest Farm of Baiyun temple, Hui county;
The theory of evolution explains that flowers of plants are evolved from leaves. Thus a few ginkgo leaves become ovules in spring and grow seeds. Scientifically, they are called Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Mak (Ohatsuki).Actually these seeds are small, and are not edible.
叶子边缘结果的银杏
个别银杏树叶子上能结果实，称为‘叶籽银杏’。叶籽银杏属于银
杏的一个变种。
山东省沂源县织女洞林场大贤山古庙旧址上，生长着一株树龄 500
多年的叶籽银杏，高 16 米，胸经 1 米多。河南省也有两株：其一位于
鲁山县瓦屋乡纸房村，一株树龄 400 年的叶籽银杏；其二位于辉县白云
寺林场门前，一株树龄 650 年的叶籽银杏。
奇观集萃
垂枝银杏
湖北省宜都市高坝洲镇宋山冲宋山森林公园法泉寺前的雌性银杏古
树，枝条如垂柳一样下垂，最长的垂枝长达 5 米以上。此树高 25 米，
胸径 1 米，有垂枝数千条。垂枝银杏是一种变种，叫做 Ginkgo biloba
var. pendula Carr.
47
Distinctively Different Colors of Leaves in One Tree
At Yanshang group, Taohong village, Dongsheng town, Pengze county,
Jiangxi province, there grows a 500-year-old female ginkgo tree, 92 ft
(28 m) tall, and has a diameter at breast height of 3.3 ft (1 m).
In spring and summer, leaves of the upper part of the tree are green,
while those of the lower part are yellow. It looks like an umbrella of
two colorful layers of green and yellow. Something more interesting
is that the color of the seeds matches the leaves. The tree was struck
by lightning over 100 years ago, and was burnt. It is possible that the
genes of the lower part have changed since the disaster, resulting in
the current special appearance.
A New Twig Grew from the Root Each Time When an Emperor Ascended the Throne
At Tanzhe temple in Beijing there stands a 1,400-year-old ginkgo tree,
98 ft/30 m high, diameter at breast height 9.8 ft (3 m). During Qing
Dynasty about 300 years ago, each time when an emperor took power,
a new twig, parallel to the main trunk, grew from the root. As time
passed, it merged into the main trunk. (In fact, this is a natural growth
phenomenon for some plants, termed tillering.)
Emperor Qianglong designated this tree as king tree, and the other
ginkgo, west of this tree, as queen tree. In fact the two are both male.
In the neighboring Xinggong garden to the east, there stand two old
female ginkgo trees. They grow a lot of seeds every year with the
supply of pollen dispatched by these two male trees.
双色银杏树
江西省彭泽县东升镇陶红村堰上组有一棵 500 年树龄的银杏古树，
高28米，胸径1米多，春夏季节，此树上层叶子深绿色，下层树叶黄绿色，
从远处看，就像一把黄绿两色的大伞。
据记载，在 100 年前，该树遭雷击焚烧，可能产生基因变异，从而
萌生的新树枝叶与下半部的老枝叶色泽截然不同，形成双层双色 , 果实
外皮色与叶色一样分层分色。
每次皇帝登基 根部都要长出新枝
北京市潭柘寺内有一株唐代银杏，高30多米，胸经达3米，清朝时期，
每次皇帝登基，根部都要长出新枝，时间长了，就与主干融合。
乾隆皇帝御封此古银杏为‘帝王’，又将西边一棵配给它做夫人。
遗憾的是，其实这两棵银杏都是雄株，乾隆皇帝配错了‘鸳鸯 '。
距离潭柘寺东面不多远的行宫院里确有两棵明代雌株银杏，拜这两
棵雄株银杏所赐的花粉，行宫院年年果实落满地。
事实上，银杏根部分蘖出枝干，是银杏的生长特性。
4948
黄雪纷飞
在山东省最南端的郯城县新村乡生长着一棵近 2,000 年树龄的银杏
雄树，高41.9米，胸经近3米。树势老壮，每年依然为附近的雌树授粉。
每年秋末，当其它银杏树的树叶落光的时侯，这棵老树的树叶在 3
个小时内全部落完，好像下一场黄色的大雪一样。
天气预报员
河北省廊坊市三河市新集镇 ( 原埝头乡 ) 大掠马村小学院内，耸立
着一棵古银杏。胸围 12 多米，高 30 余米。传说是唐朝李世民东征时，
路经此地所植。这样算来，树龄已超过 1,300 年。该树对天气变化非常
敏感，每年寒冬到来之际的第一天，树叶就全部落完。这时，大家就喊：
白果树掉叶啦 ! 于是村民们马上行动，收割大白菜。长此以往，一到初
冬，村里人就看这棵大树行事，说它是村里的天气预报员，还真名符其实。
能发出声音的奇树
(1) 山东省安丘市城顶山上矗立着一对已有 2,000 多年树龄的银杏
树，高 30 米 , 主干粗 5 米多 , 夜里发出的声音好象人在打鼾。两树千
枝万叶，生机勃勃。
(2) 湖北省远安县一株千年雄性银杏树，每次下过雨后，会发出
‘轰！’‘轰！’‘轰’的响声。
(3) 河南省叶县辛店乡毛仁寺院前一株银杏大树，胸围 7.18 米，树
高 26 米，会发出‘呜吼！’‘呜吼！’的响声。
(4)湖南省张家界森林公园中一株1200年树龄的银杏树，树高49米，
每年盛夏，会发出‘嗯’‘嗯’的声音，百米以外还听得见。
银杏树发声的原理，是因为银杏树非常古老，树干中形成空洞，空
气流动加速时，就会发出响声。
Trees That Produce Sounds
—At Mount Chengding of Anqiu, Shandong province, there are a
couple ginkgos over 2,000 years old. They are 98 ft (30 m) tall with a
diameter at breast height of 6.6 ft (2 m). At night they produce sounds
like human snoring. The female tree is still very productive.
—Before Maorun temple in Xindian commune, Ye county, Henan
province, stands a big ginkgo tree which is 85 ft (26 m) tall with
a diameter at breast height of 6.6 ft (2 m). It produces sounds like
'Wookon'.
—A 1,200-year-old ginkgo in Zhangjiajie forest park, Hunan province
with a height of 161 ft (49 m), produces sounds like 'An-An'.
—In YuanAn county, Hubei province, an old ginkgo produces sounds
like 'Hon-- Hon' .
The reason why these ginkgos produce sounds is that there are holes
inside their old trunks. When the air flows quickly and pierces through
small tunnels, sounds would be produced.
6362
被雷劈一分为五的银杏树
江西省永丰县中村乡梨树村海拔千米的山峰上，矗立着一棵奇特的
八树同根的 500 年树龄的银杏。
上世纪五十年代，一次雷击将此树一劈成五，直达树桩，祸不单行，
雷击又引发火灾。乡亲们很快赶来把火扑灭，大火焚烧的痕迹，如今树
身上仍看得见。后来，又有 3 棵银杏分蘖出，形成现在的 8 树同根丛生
的景象。此树高 18 米，基围 13 米，最大的一棵胸经 1 米，最小的一棵
胸经也有 0.3 米。每年都会挂果，生意盎然。
举办音乐会的古树
安徽省濉溪县岳集乡曹楼村生长着一棵近2000年树龄的古银杏树，
高约３４米，胸经 2 米多。树冠巨大，枝繁叶茂 , 浓密的枝桠间筑有
100 多个鸟巢，其中丹顶鹤巢就有３０多个，几十种鸟类，最多时近千
只鸟在此栖息。
清晨时分，鸟鸣声好几百米以外也听得清晰。每只鸟唱起各自的段
子，独唱合唱轮番演出，俨然是一场民间音乐盛会。
食疗方
Folk Remedies
From ancient times Chinese people have a tradition of eating ginkgo nuts for the nutrient values they contain. In 1329, the book Ri Yong Ben Cao (Daily Materia Medica) by Wu Rui narrated ginkgo nuts as a medicine, prescribed that it is good to stop coughing. Furthermore, various remedies have circulated as folklore.
银杏果实富含营养，我们的祖先也用它来治疗某些疾病。
1329 年吴瑞著《日用本草》中记载，白果可以治疗咳嗽。《本草
纲目》中也有不少以银杏为君药的方子，以下是其中一些单方。
皇帝命乌将军率兵前去平定。鏖战数月，李琦渐现颓势，一日，战
场移到乌镇一带，李琦提出求降。乌将军遂扎下营盘 ,等待第二天谈判。
可是当夜，李琦发起偷袭，乌将军迅急迎敌，李琦见偷袭不成，就向后退，
乌将军一马当先，紧紧追赶，刚过车溪河石桥，突然将军的战马长嘶，
前蹄陷落，乌将军跌下了马。原来狡猾的李琦在此设了陷阱，埋伏的叛
军一拥而上，乱箭如雨而下，乌将军和他的青龙驹战死在桥边。
不一会，将军的大队人马赶来，看到乌将军和青龙驹倒在血泊之中，
个个杀红了眼，誓为乌将军报仇，旋即全歼叛军。
人们把乌将军和他的战马葬在河边，并建了一座庙叫乌将军庙，在
乌将军的新坟旁，种了一棵雄银杏。
时光流逝，乌将军的故事距今已一千多年矣，乌将军庙已了无踪迹，
而这棵为乌将军和他的青龙驹守灵的银杏树，依然挺立在原地，向人们
诉说一位久远的英雄。
这棵雄性古银杏树，高 21 米，胸径 1.7 米，矗立在乌镇河畔。
Ginkgo Safeguards the Spirits of a Hero and His Horse
About 1,200 years ago during Tang Dynasty, there lived a general
called Zhai Wu. General Wu was good at fighting the enemy. After a
major war called the Rebellion of An & Shi, the central governmental
forces became weakened, regional provinces broke away from
the central authority and declared independence one after another,
including the then Zhejiang governor Qi Li. The Emperor ordered
General Wu to suppress the rebellion.
After a few battles, Liqi was defeated. He fled, with General Wu
chasing close behind. One day when the battlefield moved near
Chexi river (now called Wuzhen river), Qi Li asked for negotiation to
surrender. General Wu pitched his camp on the spot, waiting for the
following day's negotiation.
That night, Liqi launched a sudden attack. General Wu rose against
him. Fierce fighting lasted for several hours. Sensing that his plot
would not succeed, Liqi retreated. General Wu fought at the head of
his men. He got to Ceqi river, passed the bridge, and with a sudden
scream from his horse, its front hoofs bogged down. Cunning Qi Li
had laid a trap beforehand.
General Wu fell off the horse, and the nearby rebels swarmed to
ambush him. General Wu and his horse were killed. A few minutes
later, the main troops arrived. At the sight of the scene they sought
revenge and killed all of the rebels.
General Wu and his horse were buried by the river. That night
twinkling lights appeared over the tomb. By dawn people found that a
new ginkgo tree was there. A temple in memory of General Wu was
built on the spot.
After a long time, the temple no longer exists, but the ginkgo tree
stands there like always, safeguarding the spirits of a hero and his
horse long ago.
The male tree is located by Wuzhen river, Tongxiang, Zhejiang
province. It is 69 ft (21 m) tall, with a diameter at breast height of 5.6
ft (1.7 m).
9190
为将军守灵的银杏
浙江省桐乡市乌镇原先有座叫‘乌将军庙’的古庙，庙里除了乌将
军的坟，还有棵古银杏树。现在，庙已不存，而古银杏仍然生机勃勃。
相传，唐宪宗元和年间，有位名将叫乌赞。乌将军武艺出众，骁勇
善战，身先士卒。安史之乱后，随着中央集权逐渐衰弱，各地官吏先后
脱离大唐，就地称王。浙江刺史李琦，也趁机造反，百姓深受其苦。
Spirit of the Eighth Lord Called upon Rain
Locally called the Eighth lord's horsewhip, a 1000-year-old ginkgo
tree is located behind Wushi Suikou Zhonglie temple, Changxi town,
She county, Anhui province. There is a gaping hole in the trunk that is
large enough for several children to enter.
One winter afternoon in 1982, several children were playing with
matches in the hole. Suddenly the trunk caught fire and soon the whole
tree was ablaze. Villagers came to pour water on the fire, but the tree
was so high that their efforts were in vain. The fire roared fiercely
for several hours. Then suddenly at one o'clock the next morning,
lightning pierced the dark sky, followed by deafening thunder. A
torrent of rain poured down putting out the fire in minutes.
People said that it was the late Eighth lord's spirit in the temple, who
invoked his power and called on the rain. All that was left of the tree
was a blackened burnt trunk.
To the villagers' surprise, new twigs grew from the trunk the following
spring. Today the scarred trunk is covered with numerous branches.
左 及 下：胚珠
92
八老爷显灵降甘霖
安徽省歙县昌溪镇吴氏水口忠烈庙后面矗立着一千年古银杏（俗称
‘八老爷之马鞭’）。无数侧枝高耸入云，而主干内部中空，上部断折，
1982 年该树遭过火灾。
那年寒冬的一天，几个小孩午饭后在树洞中玩火，不小心将树干烧
着了，顿时火势迅猛上窜。村民们全力提水施救，可能干燥的缘故，火
势愈加凶猛，大火一直烧到第二天凌晨，遽然一声雷响，闪电划破天空，
滂沱大雨直下，一转眼就浇灭了大火。
都说是庙里的八老爷显灵，召来了大雨。可惜大树只剩下一栽焦黑
的树干。第二年春天却长出了新枝，到如今又是华盖遮日了。
RIGHT & OPPOSITE: OVULE
妻子临死救丈夫
河南省南阳市淅川县九重镇东6公里处的刁河上，横跨着一座古桥，
叫唐王桥。明太祖朱元璋的第二十二子朱柽在南阳称唐王时，跟河对岸
的香严寺主持甚是要好，为方便往来，就命人在刁河上造了此桥。传说
有几次唐王过桥时，当地都逢有喜事，阿谀奉承者就在桥边修建了一寺,
取名呈祥寺，并在寺内种植了几棵银杏树。
时光流逝，寺内只剩下雌雄各一株银杏树。上世纪五十年代大炼钢
铁时，燃料枯竭 , 人们就动起了银杏树的脑筋。雌树先被砍下，正要砍
雄树时，横在地上的雌树冒出一股股白烟，还发出阵阵的哭泣声 , 那帮
人见状个个吓得魂飞魄散 ,四下逃命，这样雄树得以保留下来。
左：花粉 ,
下：顶部冒着水珠的胚珠
A Dying Wife Saved her Husband
King Tang Bridge is located over Diao river, 3.7 miles (6 kms) east of
Jiuzhong town, Xichuan county, Henan province. When Cheng Zhu,
the 22nd son of Emperor Yuanzhang Zhu of Ming Dynasty, acted as an
overlord called King Tang of the locality, he became close friends with
the chief monk of Xiangye temple, located on the opposite bank of
the river. To facilitate their association, he ordered a bridge to be built.
He was kind to the locals. Legends said that each time King Tang
passed by the bridge, there would be pleasant happenings around. So
the locals built a temple beside the bridge, named it Luck temple, and
planted some ginkgo trees inside.
As time passed, there were only a couple ginkgo trees left. During
the time of National Steel Making Drive in nineteen fifties, after most
other trees were cut to be fuel, people came to this pair of ginkgos.
The female tree was cut down first. By the time the male tree was to
be cut, the female tree, lying on the ground, produced a huge cloud of
white smoke and sounds like that of weeping. People on the spot were
frightened and fled away. Thus the last ginkgo was saved.
RIGHT: POLLEN;
OPPOSITE: OVULE WITH A DROP OF LIQUID ON THE TOP
94
Ginkgo Seeds are Hope for Life
During Ming Dynasty (650 years ago), Emperor Yuanzhang Zhu sent
his military counselor Bowen Liu to patrol and investigate the south
Yangtze river area. Liu was a scholar of various disciplines including
astronomy and geography.
After he reached the coastal area, he found that this barren land
produced very poor crops. The reason was soil contamination by salt
from regular sea floods. He was worried that the suffering of the local
people would touch off violence and a possible revolt.
He thought hard about the situation and decided to construct a dam
to prevent sea water from invading the land. He then instructed them
to build temples and to plant ginkgo trees. He told the locals that the
reason for their poverty was that they did not worship Buddha, so now
they should build temples to compensate. He promised that by the time
the ginkgo trees began to grow seeds, their life would be improved.
The locals believed in what he said and did what he ordered. They
built a long dam along the coast to hold back the sea floods. Numerous
temples were set up one after another. They burnt joss sticks and
worshiped Buddha.
Liu's trick worked. He used the power of Buddha to prevent people
from rebelling. He knew it would take nearly 20 years for the ginkgo
trees to begin to produce seeds. As people waited and waited, year
after year, accumulated rains flushed the salt out of soil and their crops
gradually improved.
96
刘伯温巧用银杏稳民心
相传明朝初年，皇帝朱元璋派军师刘伯温做江南巡抚。刘伯温上知
天文，下知地理。他一到江南，看到上海地区田地荒芜，百姓穷苦，就
晓得这个是因为海水倒灌，使大片土地变成了盐碱地。地里无啥出产，
老百姓当然过不好日子了。这样时间一长，就可能引起民反。
刘伯温眉头一皱，想出了办法，决定先筑坝堵住海水，再下令起造
庙宇，多种银杏树。他对百姓说：你们不敬神佛，受了罪，所以穷。现
在多造些庙宇，敬重神佛，多种些银杏树，将功赎罪。待银杏树开花结果，
My grandmother's house was 656 ft (200 m) away from the dam. As a
boy I used to go to sleep with songs of tides. Parts of the original dam
still exist today. It had been in use until the nineteen seventies, when
an outer dam was built. Construction of the dam involved numerous
manpower. I recall one winter, a lot of strangers suddenly roomed at
all the local homes including mine. They went to the sea to build the
dam in the daytime, and returned in the evening to shake down on the
ground. They spent quite a few months to finish the construction. Grass
would not grow high on the beaches inside the new dam. Watermelon
grew up to the size of a boy’s head. The colour of its flesh was gold,
and the taste was sweet and salty.
你们吃到了白果，转穷为富的日子就到了。各地百姓信以为真，筑起一
条长长的海塘。接着纷纷造起庙宇，乡乡有庙，有的一处有几座。庙多，
烧香拜佛的人自然也多了。
刘伯温这个妙计，叫‘骗煞人，不偿命’。他是想，借神佛的力量，
来控制老百姓，不敢造反。而银杏树又叫公孙树，等到他们吃着白果，
已过去二十年了。到那时，明朝江山，更加稳固了。
雨水慢慢冲刷了土壤里的盐分，田里的庄稼渐渐多了些收成。
我的外婆家离海塘 200 多米，童年的梦乡常常伴着阵阵海浪的咏叹
调。古海塘使用到上世纪七十年代，直到一条更远的海塘修造完工，建
造海塘是浩大的工程，遥想当年我还未上学时的某一年冬天，家里突然
来了很多外乡人，而且每家每户都住满人，他们白天成群结队去海里筑
坝，晚上回来打地铺休息，共忙活了好几十天。新围起来的沙地里，草
也长不高，西瓜长得像小孩的头那么大，金黄色的瓜瓤，甜里带咸。
上：胚珠。右：果实
UPPER LEFT: OVULE; RIGHT: SEED
救过朱元璋的银杏
元末朱元璋举兵造反时，有一次被元兵紧紧追赶，路过此树，朱元
璋立即跳下马，迅速爬到树上，躲进浓密的枝桠间，让随从和坐骑继续
往前跑，才躲过一劫。
之后，他在附近的大明山屯兵扎营，厉兵秣马,操练阵法,筹备粮草,
最后打下了明朝的江山。
此树位于浙江省临安市顺溪乡白果村。植于唐朝，至今已有
一千四百余年的历史了。(左图）
树干上被风雨洗白的木板上，写着老乡们的姓名，他们认此树做干
爹，希望它保佑幸福。(木板照片见 12 页）
Dense Branches and Leaves Saved Yuanzhang Zhu, Founder of Ming Dynasty
At Baiguo village, Sunxi commune, LinAn, Zhejiang province, there
stands a ginkgo tree that is about 1,400 years old and 98 ft (30 m) tall.
Its diameter at breast height is 9.8 ft (3 m). (RIGHT)
About 660 years ago, after losing a battle against the ruling Yuan
Dynasty, Yuanzhang Zhu retreated with his enemies following close
behind.
One day when he passed by the ginkgo tree, he got off his horse,
climbed up high into the branches and hid himself there, keeping his
horse and troops marching forward. The enemy passed close by, but he
was protected by the dense foliage and escaped.
Later he headed for the nearby Mount Daming, where he made
sufficient preparations, drilled his soldiers, finally won the war and
founded Ming Dynasty.
On the trunk, hang many wood boards, washed white by wind and rain
over the years, folks like to take this tree for their godfather, they write
their names and wishes on the board, in hope of future happiness. See
board photo on page 12)
98
古代炼银需添加银杏果配料
福建省尤溪县中仙乡善邻村龙门场生长着连片的古银杏林，是全省
最大的古银杏林。这些古银杏树植于南宋年间，至今约有 800 多年。
龙门场矿产资源丰富，特别是高纯度银矿，南宋皇上很喜欢，就派
一钦差大臣到龙门场管理采矿炼银。古法炼银需添加银杏果作为主要配
料，炼出的银才会既纯又好。而当时龙门场附近没有银杏树，只得从外
地采购。从长计议，大臣就命百姓在当地广种银杏。这便是龙门场银杏
林的由来。
龙门场银杏群共有近 300 棵古树，平均胸径半米，最大的胸径达到
1.60 米。原先这里古银杏有近 500 余棵，可是上世纪 70 年代，为垦荒
造田有近 200 棵被砍去。
银杏树长得最多的山岗下有一巨大的溶洞，洞内曲径通幽、流水潺
潺不断，深莫能测。石壁上还有朱熹寻游时留下的手迹可辩，引人入胜。
Refining Silver Needed Ginkgo Seeds 800 Years Ago
At Longmenchang, Sanglin village, Zhongxian Commune, Youxi
county, Fujian province, hundreds of 800-year-old trees make up the
largest ginkgo forest in the province. It was planted during South Song
Dynasty.
Originally in this area there were rich mineral resources, including
large deposits of silver. The silver produced here was of high quality,
pleasing the Emperor. To increase production, he sent a high ranking
official to the site to supervise production.
At that time refining silver needed ginkgo seeds as an ingredient to
improve the purity. But no local ginkgo seeds were available, and they
had to be transported from far away. The official ordered the locals to
plant large areas of ginkgo trees to have a local source of seeds. Thus
came the ginkgo forest today.
Investigation shows that now there are about three hundred 800-year-
old ginkgo trees in the area. The biggest one has a diameter at
breast height of 5.2 ft (1.6 m), while the smallest one 1.6 ft (0.5 m).
Originally there were about 500 old trees, of which 200 were cut down
to increase the size of rice fields in the 1970’s.
There is a big cave under a hill in the densest part of the forest. The
cave is very deep and crooked with a singing stream winding through.
On a stone wall there is the handwriting by the great thinker Xi
Zhu(1130-1200), relating his appreciation of local scenery. RIGHT & OPPOSITE: SEED
100
左 及 下：果实
102 103
Poor Homeland Better than Imperial Palace
At 3,703 ft/1,130 m above sea level at Rongzhang village, Baijing
town, Huishui county, Guizhou province, there lives a 3,000-year-old
ginkgo tree, 131 ft (40 m) tall. Its diameter at breast height is 13.5 ft
(4.1 m). A hole inside the trunk is large enough to hold a man. It bears
several chichis on the trunk. (For chichi photo, see page 29 and 32)
According to legend, this tree is reputed to have magical powers.
During Ming Dynasty, about 300 years ago, this ginkgo tree, eager to
travel and explore, transformed into a student with the name of Jimco.
He roamed the country finally arriving at the capital. Being a quick
learner, he decided to take the yearly national examinations, and was
eventually enlisted as one of the top scholars.
One day when the Emperor received the scholars at the palace, he
talked at length with Jimco. He became very fond of him, appreciating
his broad knowledge and intelligence, the Emperor offered him a high
rank in the government.
Jimco thought about this but his heart yearned for his homeland of
green mountains and singing streams that he left months ago. He
turned down the Emperor's offer courteously.
A few days later, as Jimco was leaving for his homeland, an envoy
visited Jimco at his hotel, and inquired about his marital status. When
he found that Jimco was single, he conveyed the Emperor’s wish for
Jimco to be the Emperor's future son-in-law. Sensing it would not be
appropriate to refuse again, Jimco accepted but insisted that he return
to his native land. He promised to come back to the capital again for
the marriage when the princess grew up.
Several years passed, the emperor's daughter grew mature, and the
emperor decided it was time to complete the marriage. He sent an
imperial envoy to the village to summon Jimco.
The envoy searched for weeks. He could not find the person with that
name, even the family with that surname. He was worried waking or
sleeping.
One night in his dream, he saw a young man with a scholar hat,
roaming in the woods reciting poems. (At that time a special kind of
hat was conferred on a scholar by the academic authority to identify
his accomplishments.) He followed, but lost the scholar when he
approached an old ginkgo tree.
Startled awake, the envoy puzzled over a strange comparison.
Interestingly enough, Jimco and ginkgo rhymed. Could this be a clue
to the whereabouts of the scholar?
He called in his servants, and after consulting with old villagers, he
discovered that there was a big ginkgo tree nearby. Not waiting until
dawn, with lit lanterns, he came to the ginkgo tree. On top of the tree
he saw the scholar’s hat shining! And the tree was exactly alike with
the one in his dream.
Now he understood the whole story, and returned to the capital. After
hearing the report, the emperor had to cancel the engagement.
不恋皇宫爱家乡的书生
贵州省惠水县摆金镇冗章寨生长着一棵3000多年树龄的大白果树，
树高 40 余米，胸径 4.07 米。
距今 500 年的明朝，这棵大白果树突然感觉久住乡下有些寂寞，遂
摇身一变，化为一介书生，当时正值考试时节，就化名白郭苏赴京城赶考。
考试当天，白郭苏踌躇满志，洋洋洒洒。发榜之日，果然中了状元。
一天，皇帝召见新科状元，赏识他年纪轻轻却满腹经纶，学识渊博，且
相貌清秀，甚是欢喜，当即赐封官衔，此时，白郭苏却非常思念山清水
秀的家乡，丝毫不恋京城的繁华喧嚣，辞官再三。
皇帝越发器重他，日后托大臣询问新科状元的家室景况，得知白郭
苏尚未婚配，便有意招为驸马，待公主成年后完婚。白郭苏料想不宜再
违圣意，就佯装欢喜，答应到时赴京成亲。
白郭苏一回到家乡，就复原为白果树。一晃几年过去，公主年已及笄，
皇帝便派钦差大臣来接白郭苏 , 可是地方官员找遍摆金全镇，却查无此
人，也没有白姓人家，大臣百思不得其解，很是迷惑。
一天夜里，他梦见白郭苏在山里巡游吟诗，便悄悄跟踪，可到了一
棵大白果树旁，忽然没了踪影。
大臣惊醒，十分诧异，白郭苏会不会是白果树呢？当即招来地方长
老询问，原来冗章寨果真有一棵大白果树，大臣就立即带领人马来到白
果树下，赫然发现一顶状元帽高高地挂在树梢，闪闪发光，而此树与他
梦里所见一模一样。大臣终于明白事情的原委，不得不就此回京交差。
听闻此报告，皇帝无奈取消了公主与白郭苏的婚约。
A Golden Bed in front of Dabei Temple
At Dabei temple Beijing, there circulated a story of the Golden Bed.
In front of Yuantong Hall, there stand two old male ginkgo trees.
Originally, on the ground in front of the temple, there were another
two big female ginkgo trees, and a row of the main house compound.
Each autumn yellow leaves fell onto the ground, layer after layer they
became thick in a moment. Children who accompanied adults to the
temple played on these leaves, they lay, they rolled. Since the color
was very similar to that of gold, this ground was called the Golden
Bed.
One day a boy found a coin in the leaves. He exclaimed ‘I got a
fortune’. His mother was happy and called on the boy to pray on his
knees to Buddha, wishing that Buddha would bless him with real
fortune when he grew up.
The news spread quickly. The story turned out like this: the God of
Wealth came to offer fortune to this place. More and more pilgrims
came. Adults also liked to sit on the Golden Bed to get some fortune
hints. They did not know the fact that at night some cunning monks
hid some coins in the leaves on purpose. The temple was quite
prosperous for years.
One day an old man smoked on the Golden Bed, carelessly setting the
leaves on fire. Besides the two big trees were destroyed, a row of the
temple was also ruined. All that remained was an incomplete temple,
and the story of Golden Bed.
北京石景山黄金炕
北京石景山的大悲寺流传着一黄金炕的典故，而黄金炕的故事得由
白果树说起。
如今大悲寺圆通宝殿前，有两株雄性古银杏。原来在寺前现今的空
地上，还筑有一楹殿堂，堂前耸立两棵雌性古银杏。每逢秋天，金黄的
树叶飘落在地，一层又一层，大人们在烧香时，小孩们就在上面滚爬、
闹玩。由于树叶颜色与黄金相似，这片场地就被叫成了黄金炕。
一次，一小孩偶尔从树叶里摸到一枚小铜钱，他就大喊：“发财啦！
发财啦！”孩子妈妈煞是高兴，教孩子道：“马上去给菩萨磕头烧香吧，
菩萨保佑你长大了发大财！”
故事就传开来了，有人说这是财神爷来了，一时大悲寺香客如潮，
一些居心不良的和尚事先专门扔点细碎铜钱在树叶丛里，来诱惑民众。
一天，一老头上完香，就躺在黄金炕上抽烟，打瞌睡时不慎将烟火
掉了下来，燃起大火。由于扑救不及，两棵银杏树和殿堂一起被毁。黄
金炕也随之消失，留下的只有黄金炕的传说。
104 105
中国
上海
江苏省 :泰州 , 扬州 , 徐州 , 连云港 , 如皋 , 靖江 , 东台 ,
银杏也是江苏省的省树（见 155 页）
浙江省 : 富阳，诸暨，临海 , 临安 , 湖州 , 长兴
辽宁省 : 锦州 ,丹东
湖北省 : 随州，荆州
四川省 : 成都
山东省 : 临沂 , 乳山 , 烟台 ,莱芜
安徽省 : 宿州
校树
中国人民大学
China
Shanghai
Jiangsu province: Taizhou, Yangzhou,Xuzhou, Qingjiang, Dongtai,
Lianyungang, Rugao, (Ginkgo is also the
provincial tree of Jiangsu province. See page 152)
Zhejiang province: Fuyang, Zhuji, Linhai, LinAn, Huzhou, Changxing
Liaonin province: Jinzhou, Dandong
Hubei province: Suizhou, Jingzhou
Sichuan province: Chendu
Shandong province: Linxi, Lushan, Yantai, Laiwu
Anhui province: Suzhou
School Tree
Renming University China
韩国
首尔
蔚山
光州
庆尚北道 : 庆山
京畿道 : 华城 , 光明 , 安养 , 安山 , 也是省树
全罗南道 : 罗州 , 咸平 , 也是省树
忠清北道 : 曾坪郡
全罗北道省树
校树
成均馆大学
Hyehwa 女子高中
Woonam 高中
首尔广播高中
大峴初级學校
South Korea
Seoul;
Ulsan;
Gwangju;
North Gyeongsang Province: Gyeongsan, Gimcheon,
Gyeonggi Province: Hwaseong, Gwangmyeong, Anyang, Ansan, also
the province tree;
South Jeolla Province: Naju-si, Hampyeong, also the province tree;
North Chungcheong Province: Jeungpyeong County;
North Jeolla Province (province tree)
School Tree
Sungkyunkwan University;
Hyehwa Girls' High School;
Woonam High School;
Seoul Broadcasting High School;
Daehyun Elementary School
日本
东京市 :東久留米 ,狛江 ,羽村 ,文京 ,八王子 ,国立 ,多摩 ,三鹰
神奈川县
埼玉县 :行田 ,所沢 ,八潮 ,加須 ,久喜 ,北埼玉郡騎西镇
栃木县 :宇都宮 ,大田原
群馬县 :太田 ,前桥
茨城县 :常陆那珂 ,行方
千叶县 :浦安 ,市原
大阪府 :大阪 ,八尾 ,泉佐野
冈山县 :笠冈 ,真庭市八束村镇
岩手县 :久慈
佐賀县 :佐賀
静冈县 :三島
福冈县 :田川
高知县 :土佐
奈良县 :天理
山口县 :山口
宮城县 :登米市豊里町镇
校树
东京大学
Japan
Tokyo: Higashikurume, Komae, Hamura, Bunkyō, Hachiōji, Tama,
Kunitachi, Mitaka
Saitama Prefecture: Gyōda, Tokorozawa, Yashio, Kazo, Kuki, Kisai
town in Kitasaitama District
Tochigi Prefecture: Utsunomiya, Ōtawara
Gunma Prefecture: Ōta, Maebashi
Ibaraki Prefecture: Hitachinaka, Namegata
Chiba Prefecture: Urayasu, Ichihara
Osaka Prefecture: Osaka, Yao, Izumisano
Okayama Prefecture: Kasaoka, Yatsuka town located in Maniwa
District
Iwate Prefecture: Kuji
Saga Prefecture: Saga
Shizuoka Prefecture: Mishima
Fukuoka Prefecture: Tagawa
Kōchi Prefecture: Tosa
Nara Prefecture: Tenri
Yamaguchi Prefecture: Yamaguchi
Kanagawa Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture: Toyosato-chō in the former Tome District
School Tree
University of Tokyo
112
A Duck’s Foot Author: Xiu Ouyang (1007-1072) (South Song Dynasty)
Ginkgo grows in the south
of the Yangzi river,
its name denotes its shape
of a duck's foot.
Ginkgo's nuts, crimson and lovely,
were thus chosen as tribute to the King;
and were thus seen as precious
treasure on the Central Plains.
Officials in the Palace
didn't realize its value,
but the Emperor rewarded
the contributor with 100 tael gold.
The host who received me
was known as hospitable.
He gave me this present
as precious as pearls.
After decades of plantation,
number of its seeds increase.
Crowded they hang
from exuberant branches.
Such plants have now spread
all over China.
You can see them
in some valleys
and the side yards
of many houses.
122
Memorabilia and Titbits
--In 2800 B.C, (4,815 years ago) the pharmacopoeia Shen Nong Ben Cao (Magic Peasant Herb Medica) narrated ginkgo nuts as a medicine. It’s good for the lung and relief of asthma and cough.
--On September 9, 1896, at the Botanical Garden of University of Tokyo, a drawing technician, named Sakugoro Hirase, from College of Science, observed swimming sperm in the seeds of a female Ginkgo tree. This discovery proved that ginkgo is a special plant that features sperm.
记事与趣闻
—公元前 2800，《神农本草》药典上就有银杏药用的记载 , 具
有润肺、平喘、止咳等功效。
—1896 年 9 月 9 日，日本东京大学理学院植物学教研室画工平濑
作五郎在植物园一颗雌性银杏的果实上发现了游动的银杏精子。
这一发现证实了银杏是能产生精子的裸子植物。
140
Green Hotel Marked with the Sign of Ginkgo Leaves
The National Economic and Trade Committee issued the industry
standard for Green Hotel Rating Criteria, including safety manage-
ment; environmental management; and health management.
This standard is to be implemented from March the 1st, 2003 .
Green Hotels must bear the concept of safety, environment and health;
adhere to green management; and advocate green consumption,
environmental protection, and sustainable use of resources. Safety
management means that the hotel is to be equipped with public safety
apparatuses and to guarantee a system of food safety. Environmental
management means reducing pollution to the environment and saving
energy. Health management means providing healthy food, beverages
and services.
Green Hotel is ranked with five levels, from A to AAAAA, employing
ginkgo leaves, characteristics of China, as the label. The rankings are
credited to those hotels which comply with the required standards
China Hotel Association will organize professionals to conduct the
evaluation.
The certification is not mandatory, those interested can apply.World's Largest Ginkgo Gene Stock Builds Up
(2002) From 1998, a team led by professor Fuliang Cao and professor
Guibin Wang of Nanjing Forestry University, searched across the
country and in Japan and USA, collected information on more than
600 ginkgo genes, they coded, recorded, and set up a file for each
gene, till 2002, they created the world's largest ginkgo gene bank, with
an area of 82 acres.
发表和展览。热爱文学，散文‘父亲的鼾声’获得杭州电台举办的孝文
化征文比赛美文奖并播出。建明将对全国的白果村落及银杏资源进行田
野考察，拍摄一部银杏题材的纪录片，了解更多资料 ,请登录他的网站。
About the AuthorA native of Mount TianMu, where wild ginkgos have been living
from remote ancient times, Jimmy Shen has been a professional
photographer for dozens of years, after a brief career in foreign trade.
His works have been published and exhibited internationally. His
prose Father’s Snoring won Meiwen prize in a contest of Respect to
Our Ancestors hosted by Radio Hangzhou and was broadcast.
Jimmy is going to conduct a nationwide field investigation of ginkgo
villages and resources, shoot a documentary about ginkgo, please
check his website for more information.
胚珠
感谢
感谢大自然的恩赐，让我有幸生长在银杏的故乡；
感谢古生物学家周志炎院士的鼓励和指正；
感谢南京林业大学汪贵斌教授的指导；
感谢加拿大安大略省果树协会主席 Ernie Grimo 先生的耐心指导；
感谢何茂春教授百忙中为本书点睛作序；
感谢澳洲双语诗人陳尚慧对古诗的精妙翻译；
感谢潘天寿先生的高徒于广明先生在艺术上的教诲，还有柳道平先生，
韩盛先生，邱小平先生等老师的栽培；
感谢杨洁，李寿康，黄莉，周杰 ,余维 ,孙飞等同学们的支持；
感谢设计师刘欣先生的点拨；
感谢杨兆华先生，杨燕女士，沈明星先生，潘光明先生，冯香银女士，
方如先女士，许毛田先生等乡亲们，在我追梦路上家人般的款待。
本书的出版还有赖于以下朋友的帮助：张乃清先生，全建良先生，杨培
良先生，张中英女士，柯忠明先生，沈杏芬女士。
AcknowledgmentsMy thanks go to Nature which granted me an environment where
wild ginkgo flourishes; to paleobotanist Zhiyan Zhou, for his kind
encouragements and perusal; to a Canadian botanist Ernie Grimo, who
has always been a helping hand when in need; to professor Guibin
Wang of Nanjing Forestry University for his kind instructions; to
my art teacher, Mr. Guangming Yu, who is an apprentice of the late
master Chinese painter Tianshou Pan; to my photography teachers
including late Mr. Daopin Liu, Mr. Sheng Han, Mr. Xiaopin Qiu, etc;
to Dr. Maochun He, who spared his precious time to write the preface;
to an Australian Chinese bilingual poet Sherry Chan for her precise
translation of Chinese poems; to my classmates including Jie Yang,
Soukang Li , Li Huang, Jie Zhou, for their unfailing support; to ...
RIGHT: OVULE
OPPOSITE: AUTHOR
168 169
关于作者沈建明 , 在野生银杏幸
存的天目山下长大，从事专业
摄影二十余年。作品在国内外
Thank you Thanks for taking your time to read this book.
Ginkgo has linked us together, brothers and sisters.
To share the book with the world, I have lauched a campaign on Indiegogo,
https://igg.me/at/9hlmIqt-Sdc
Support this campaign, I am offering books, prints and tours. Hoping someday soon I could send you some physical books.
I’m building a ginkgo community. Please leave a message to my email to get informed about the developments about our community, including exhibitions, website, blog, autumn tours...
See you.
Jimmy Shen (Legal name: Jianming Shen, 沈建明 )0086-571-8595.3073,0086-133.8860.7204 [email protected]. 3 Bldg, south of 13 Wai DongMuWu, Liuxia Town, XiHu District, Hangzhou, China
画册得到好众多学术大咖的支持和好评，比如中科院的周志炎院士，英国皇家 Kew 植物园 curator Mark Nesbitt 博士，加拿大 Nova Scotia 博物馆馆长 Curator of Botany，Marian Munro 女士，等等。
商请您在方便之时，在社交圈转传一下，让全世界崇尚自然，钟情银杏的人们分享这中国的自然遗产。
沈建明
0571-8595.3073， 133.8860.7204
杭州市西湖区留下镇外东穆坞 13 号南 2 栋 邮编310023
画册已在美国 Indiegogo 上隆重上线。以下为链接：
感谢欣赏
What They are Saying'What beautiful photos! Great to see Ginkgo in so many different habitats. I would strongly encourage you to publish the book. '
--Dr Mark Nesbitt, Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom
'This manuscript offers a wonderful glimpse of the stately ginkgo from its origins in China. The author and photographer show adoration for this most ancient of trees. I was gifted a digital copy to peruse and shall cherish it. The images are touching and the prose poetic. Love the history and folk lore as well as popular references. A wonderful tribute to tree we have only sparingly planted in Nova Scotian cities and towns.'
--Marian Munro, Curator of Botany, Nova Scotia Museum, Canada
'Very beautiful, this book must be a result of hard work.'
--Zhiyan Zhou, Palaeobotanist, Research Professor of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS), China
https://igg.me/at/9hlmIqt-Sdc
