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  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 9

    Chng II H IU HNH

    BI 3. CC LNH C BN CA MS-DOS

    I. MS-DOS l g?

    MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) l h iu hnh(HH) ca

    tp on khng l Microsoft. Phin bn u tin ca MS-DOS c vit nm 1981.

    MS-DOS l HH n nhim (ti mt thi im ch chy c mt trnh ng

    dng). MS-DOS giao din vi ngi s dng thng qua dng lnh.

    Cch khi ng MS-DOS:

    Trong Window XP: Start Run g CMD

    Trong Window 7: Start Search Program and File g CMD

    II. Tn a v du i lnh

    1. a:

    a mm - gi l a A: c dung lng 1.4 MB.

    a cng thng l C,D,E, nm trong thng my v c dung lng ln gp

    nhiu ln a mm.

    a CD dng c cc a quang, c dung lng vi trm MB.

    2. Du i lnh:

    Sau khi thc thi cc lnh khi ng, mn hnh s xut hin du i lnh c dng

    C:\>_ hoc A:\>__

    :\> l quy c du i lnh ca DOS

    im nhy sng _ l con tr (cursor): cho ta bit im lm vic hin ti trn mn

    hnh.

    Cc k t g trn bn phm s xut hin ti v tr con tr.

    III. Tp v th mc

    1. Tp (tp tin File)

    Tp tin (hay cn gi l Tp) l hnh thc, n v lu tr thng tin trn a ca H

    iu hnh.

    Tp gm c tn tp v phn m rng (Phn m rng dng nhn bit tp do

    chng trnh no to ra n).

    Tn tp tin c vit khng qu 8 k t v khng c du cch, + , - ,* , / .

    Phn m rng khng qu 3 k t v khng c du cch. Gia tn v phn m

    rng cch nhau bi du chm (.).

    Tp tin c th l ni dung mt bc th, cng vn, vn bn, hp ng hay mt tp

    hp chng trnh.

    V d:

    COMMAND.COM: c phn tn l COMMAND, cn phn m rng l COM

    MSDOS.SYS: c phn tn l MSDOS, phn m rng l DOS.

    Ngi ta thng phn bit cc tp tin vi nhau da vo phn m rng.

    Loi tp tin Phn m rng

    Vn bn DOC, TXT,...

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 10

    Thc thi lnh COM, EXE

    Hnh nh JPG, BMP, RAW,...

    2. Th mc v cy th mc:

    c th t chc qun l tt tp tin trn a ngi ta lu cc tp tin thnh tng

    nhm v lu trong tng ch ring gi l th mc.

    Mi th mc c c trng bi 1 tn c th, quy tc t tn th mc

    ging nh tn tp. Cc th mc c th t lng trong nhau v to thnh mt cy th

    mc.

    Trong th mc c th to ra cc th mc con v c tip tc nhau do dn n

    s hnh thnh mt cy th mc trn a. Nh vy cc th mc bn to ra c th l th

    mc cp1 hay th mc 2,...

    Th mc gc l th mc do nh dng a to ra v chng ta khng th xo

    c. Mi a ch c mt th mc gc, t y ngi s dng to ra cc th mc con.

    K hiu th mc gc l du (\)

    V d:

    C:\>: l th mc gc. Sau n th mc con cc cp v cc tp tin.

    Th mc hin hnh: l th mc ang c m, v con tr ang nhp nhy.

    V d:

    Th mc hin hnh l th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN nm trong C.

    Th mc rng: l th mc m khng c th mc con hoc tp tin c cha

    trong n.

    ng dn: Khi cn tc ng n mt th mc hoc tp tin ta phi ch ra v tr

    ca th mc hay tp tin trn a hay l phi ch ra ng dn, tn ng dn ca

    th mc hoc tp tin tc ng ti.

    V d: Mun truy xut ti tp d liu khonggian.txt trong th mc HINH HOC

    cy th mc trn ta phi tin hnh ch ra ng dn nh sau:

    C:\>KHOAHOCTUNHIEN\TOAN\HINHHOC\khonggian.txt

    K t i din *: N c th ng trong phn tn chnh hay phn tn m rng

    ca tp tin, n ng v tr no s i din cho k t hoc nhm k t t v tr

    n k t sau n.

    V d:

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 11

    C:\>VATLY\A*B.DOC : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc VATLY

    c phn m rng l DOC m c tn bt u bng k t A v kt thc bng k t B.

    C:\>VATLY\*.* : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc VATLY

    C:\>VATLY\*.TXT : Ngha l ch ra tt c cc tp c trong th mc

    VATLY m c phn m rng l TXT

    K t i din ?: N c th ng trong phn tn chnh hay phn tn m rng

    ca tp tin, n ng v tr no s i din cho 1 k t ti v tr .

    V d: C:\>_?.TXT : Ngha l mun ch ra cc tp tin c trong a C m c

    phn tn ch l mt k t bt k v c phn m rng l TXT

    IV. Mt s lnh c bn:

    1. Qui c:

    Drive: a

    Filename: tn tp tin

    Path: ng dn, bao gm th mc cha, cc th mc con k tip.

    Directory: th mc

    Sud-directory: th mc con.

    2. Cc lnh c bn:

    2.1 To th mc: MD (Make directory)

    Cng dng: to th mc mi trong th mc hin hnh.

    C php: MD [Drive:][path]

    V d: to th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN ti a C:

    Cch 1: ti th mc hin hnh (C:\>), g MD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN

    Cch 2: ti th mc bt k, g MD C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN

    2.2 Xa th mc: RD (Remove directory)

    Cng dng: xa b th mc rng

    C php: RD [Drive:]path

    V d: xa th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN va mi to trn.

    Cch 1: ti th mc hin hnh (C:\>), g RD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN

    Cch 2: ti th mc bt k, a bt k, g RD C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN

    Lu : Nu mun xa th mc c cha th mc con hay tp tin trong , th

    phi theo ch php RD [/S] [/Q] [Drive:]path

    V d: Trong th mc KHOAHOCTUNHIEN c th mc con l TOAN. Nu ta

    dng lnh RD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN s bo li l The directory is not empty (Th

    mc khng rng). Mun xa c ta phi dng c php l:

    RD /S KHOAHOCTUNHIEN

    2.3 Lnh chuyn i th mc: CD (Change Directory)

    Cng dng: chuyn i th mc hin hnh.

    C php: CD [Drive:][Path]

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 12

    V d: T th mc gc C:\>, g CD KHOAHOCTUNHIEN, s chuyn thnh

    th mc hin hnh C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN>

    Lu : t th mc hin hnh mun chuyn v th mc gc, g CD\

    V d: g C:\KHOAHOCTUNHIEN>CD\ s chuyn v th mc gc l C:\>

    2.4 Lnh hin th th mc v tp tin

    Cng dng: Hin th dch sch cc tp tin v th mc c trong th mc.

    C php: DIR [drive :] [path][/P][/W][/A : attribs][/O : sortorder]

    Ghi ch:

    Tham s ngha

    /P Hin th tng trang mn hnh (Page)

    /W Hin th theo hng ngang (Wide), b bt s liu v kch thc byte, ngy, gi

    /A Hin th thuc tnh (Attribute) ca tp tin

    /O

    :sortoder

    Cc la chn hin th trt t sp xp

    N: theo alphabet tn tp tin

    E: theo alphabet phn m rng

    S: theo kch thc bytes (t nh n ln)

    D: theo ngy thng v gi (t trc n nay)

    G: theo nhm th mc

    V d: ti th mc hin hnh, g DIR /w

    2.5 Lnh xa mn hnh CLS

    Cng dng: Xa mn hnh MS-DOS

    C php: CLS

    2.6 Lnh sa i gi ca h thng:

    Cng dng: xem, chnh sa gi h thng

    C php: Time [hh:mm:ss]

    V d:

    C:\>Time

    Current time is : 10 : 51 : 15

    Enter new time:

    Nu khng cn thay i thi gian ta nhn Enter kt thc.

    2.7 Lnh sa i ngy ca h thng

    Cng dng: Xem v chnh sa ngy ca h thng.

    C php: DATE

    V d:

    C:\>Date

    The current date is: 20/08/2013

    Enter the new date: (dd-mm-yyyy):

    Tng t, nu khng mun thay i ngy h thng ta bm phm enter xc

    nhn.

    2.8 Lnh xem nhn a: VOL

    Cng dng: xem tn ca a

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 13

    C php: VOL [Drive:]

    V d:

    C:\>Vol G:

    Volume in drive G is Data

    Volume serial number is 8B3D-F6CE

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 14

    BI 4. GII THIU WINDOWS

    I. Windows l g?

    1. Khi nim

    L HH ca tp on Microsoft, phin bn u tin ra i vo nm 1985.

    L HH a nhim.

    Giao tip vi ngi dng ch yu qua giao din ho l cc ca s, hp

    thoi.

    c rt nhiu phin bn ca Windows c ra i, ngy nay ch yu dng

    Windows XP, Window 7 v phin bn mi nht l Window 8.

    2. c im ca HH Window

    H thng thc n thng nht cung cp cho ngi dng mt cch thc chun

    gi thc hin cc chc nng ca ng dng.

    C th thc hin thao tc copy, paste d liu bt c u trong h thng

    H thng thanh cun cho php ngi dng hin th vn bn lin tc

    Gi thi hnh cc ng dng n gin

    Cung cp tnh nng Multimedia cho php ngi dng nghe nhc, xem phim.

    Cung cp kh nng a nhim

    Cung cp kh nng lm vic trong mi trng mng.

    II. Khi ng v thot khi Windows

    1. Khi ng:

    Khi ta bt nt ngun th my tnh s t ng khi ng vo HH Window.

    2. Thot khi Window

    Nhp chut vo biu tng Window gc tri di mn hnh, chn

    Shutdown.

    Cc la chn thot khi Window:

  • Gio trnh tin hc cn bn

    Khoa CNTT Trng TCN Vit Hn Bnh Dng 15

    Switch user: Chuyn sang ti khon ngi dng khc.

    Log off ng xut khi ti khon ngi dng hin ti.

    Lock Kha my tnh bng cch a my tnh v mn hnh

    ng nhp (nn thc hin chc nng ny khi ri my tnh)

    Restart Khi ng li h iu hnh.

    Sleep Lu li cc phin lm vic, a my tnh v ch tit

    kim nng lng v cho php h thng hot ng li mt

    cch nhanh chng.

    Hibernate Ch ng ng.

    III. Mn hnh nn - Desktop

    Mn hnh nn (Desktop) cha cc biu tng:

    My computer: Biu tng cho php xem ti nguyn trn my tnh.

    Recycle Bin: Biu tng lu tr tm thi cc tp tin v i tng b

    xa.

    Shortcut: Lin kt n cc phn mm ng dng trong my tnh.

    IV. Thanh tc v (Task bar)

    Cha cc biu tng chng trnh v bn thu nh ca cc chng trnh ang thc

    thi, cng vi khay h thng hin th ngy, gi, thit lp m thanh,...

    V. Menu Start

    Hu ht cc chc nng ca Window u c b tr trong cc menu xut hin t

    mc Start.

    VI. Khi ng v thot khi mt ng dng

    1. Khi ng chng trnh

    C nhiu cch khi ng mt chng trnh t Window:

    Cch 1: Chn Start Menu All Program [Group chng trnh] Tn

    chng trnh ng dng.

    Cch 2: Start Menu Nhp tn chng trnh trong mc Search Program and

    Files Click chn chng trnh t danh sch tm thy.

    2. Thot khi ng dng:

    Cch 1: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4

    Cch 2: Chn File Exit

    Cch 3: Nhp vo biu tng X gc trn, bn phi ca ng dng.

    VII. Ca s chng trnh

    1. Khi nim:

    Ngi s dng giao tip vi cc chng trnh thng qua cc ca s, mt ca s

    chng trnh gm cc thnh phn sau: