GIS Mapping, Interpretation of Information & Planning

Created By:Civil Er. Ashis Kashyap2016

1. Introduction2. Components of GIS3. Components of Maps4. Information in a Digital Map5. GIS Applications in Urban Planning6. Conclusion

CONTENTS

Introduction• GIS means Geographic Information System •It integrates:

1. Hardware2. Software3. Data

•It is used for:1. Capturing2. Managing3. Analyzing4. Displaying Geographically referenced information

1. Hardware2. Software3. Data4. People5. Method

Components of GIS

HARDWARE

Computer System on which GIS Software runs

Personal Computers to Super Computers Scanner, Digitizer Board, Printers, Plotters,

etc. are the peripherals Devices All information are stored in standard

Computer Formats e.g. JPEG, BMP, PDF, etc.

SOFTWARE

GIS software provides the functions & tools to handle GIS data

Examples MapInfo®, ARC Info®, AutoCAD Map®, etc.

For low cost work MapInfo ® For Extensive analysis ARC Info ®

DATA

Data are the raw facts & figures Geographic Tabular data can be collected

from Locations Map objects can also be attached to Digital

data DBMS is the effective way to store data DBMS means Database Management

System

PEOPLE

GIS user range from Technical specialist to Administrator

Broadly 2 classes:1. CAD/GIS Operator. Whose work is to vectorise

map objects.2. GIS Engineer. Who query & analyze works.

METHOD

Map creation can be done by: 1. Automated raster2. Vector Creator3. Manually vectorised4. Survey agency

i. Scaleii. Map resolutioniii. Map accuracy

Components of Maps

Scale is used to show a portion of Earth’s surface on map

R.F (Representative Fraction) is used to draw map

Map scale denotes how much given area has been reduced

Cartographers divide scale in:1. Small-scale maps =1:1,000,0002. Medium-scale maps =1:75,000 to 1:1,000,0003. Large-scale maps = 1:75,000

SCALE

It refers to how accurately the location & shape of map features can be depicted for a given map scale

As map scale decreases, map resolution decreases

MAP RESOLUTION

It covers Quality of source data, map scale, drafting skills & width of lines on Ground

Fine drafting pen draws lines at 1/100 of an inch

MAP ACCURACY

1. Geographic Information, gives position & shapes of specific geographic features

2. Attribute Information, gives additional non-geographic information about each feature

3. Display Information, describes appearance of features on screen

Information in a Digital Map

Planning of project Make better decisions Visual Analysis Spatial Analysis Improve Organizational Integration

GIS Applications in Urban Planning

GIS is useful in detailed planning stage

Thematic maps can be generated e.g. Soil composition, Vegetation, population density, Topography, etc.

Surface Length, width & area can be calculated

Planning of project

“Better Information leads to better decisions”

Information presentation, Planning inquiries, Resolve border issues, etc. helps in wise decisions

Query & analyze map data when required

Make better decisions

Using DTM (Digital Terrain Modeling) landscapes can be better visualised

Calculations such as potential lakes volume, soil erosion volume, earthwork volume (channels, dams, roads, landslides), Hydrological modeling becomes easy

Visual Analysis

Identify trends on the data Create new relationships from the data View complex relationships between data

sets Make better decisions

Spatial Analysis

Improved management of the organization resources by GIS Technology

Interdepartmental information sharing

Data can be used several times

Increase in productivity due to reduced data redundancy, fast access & information Reliability

Improve Organizational Integration

GIS is a very versatile tool which can be implemented for better Map creation

It gives us to query & analyze various information

GIS Technology helps in taking better decisions

Results in higher Productivity of an Organization

Conclusion