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gj;jhk; tFg;G miuahz;Lj; nghJj;Njh;T – 2017-18

r%f mwptpay; - tpilf;Fwpg;Gfs;

rupahd tpil

1. m. ,uapy;Nt 2. ,. Y}rplhdpah 3. m. u\;ah

4. <. ru;jhu; ty;ygha; gNly; 5. M. 1990 6. ,. 22

7. m. mf;Nlhgu; 12> 2005; 8. M. myfhghj; 9. ,. tpopQ;rk;

10. M. fdpktsk; 11. M. czup 12. ,. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp

13. m. fyg;G nghUshjhuk; 14. M. 2009

nghUj;Jf

15. (i)

m. mf];lh

M. Ngfk; `];uj; kfhy;

,. jpU mUl;gh

<. Mq;fpy nra;jpj;jhs;

c. mt;it ,y;yk;

2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 16. fhyzp Mjpf;fk;

1. FbNaw;wq;fis me;epa ehl;by; Vw;gLj;jp mjd; ,aw;if tsq;fisr; Ruz;Ljy; MFk;. 2. v.fh. ,e;jpah ,q;fpyhe;jpd; fhyzp ehlhf 1947 tiu ,Ue;jJ.

17. Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;fhd cldbf; fhuzk; 1. 1914-k; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 28-k; ehs; ele;j epfo;r;rp. 2. M];jphpa ehl;L ,sturiuAk; mtuJ kidtpiaAk; nrh;gpa ehl;L jPtputhj ,isQdhy; nruh[pNth-tpy;

nfhy;yg;gl;lJ 3. nrh;gpahtpd; gjpy; jpUg;jp mspf;fhjjhy;> M];jpupah 1914 Mk; Mz;L [_iy 28k; Njjp nrh;gpah Nghiu

mwptpj;jjhy; Kjy; cyfg; Nghh; Jtq;fpaJ

18. nghUshjhu ngUke;jk; Njhd;wf; fhuzk; 1. mnkhpf;fg; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; Vw;gl;l rhpT. 2. gq;Ffs; tpiy caUk; vd;w mDkhdj;jpy; kf;fs; fld; thq;fp gq;Fr; re;ijapy; KjyPL nra;jJ.

19. mnkupf;fh> [g;ghd; kPJ Nghu; njhLf;ff; fhuzk;

1. 1941Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 7Mk; Njjp Kj;Jj; JiwKfj;jpy; ,Ue;j mnkhpf;ff; flw;gilj; jsj;ij [g;ghd; jhf;fpaJ. 2. ,e;j jhf;Fjyhy; mnkhpf;fhTf;F ngUk; Nrjk; Vw;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; mnkhpf;fh [g;ghd; kPJ Nghh; njhLj;jJ.

20. Gul;rp Vd; ,e;jpah KOtJk; guttpy;iy 1. Gul;rp ,e;jpah KOtJk; guthky; tl ,e;jpahtpy; kl;LNk eilngw;wJ. 2. ,e;jpa kd;dh;fSk;> [kPd;jhh;fSk; ,g;Gul;rpapy; gq;Nfw;ftpy;iy. 3. Gul;rpia Mjupf;fhj ,e;jpa murh;fs; eLepiy tfpj;jdh;. 4. gbj;j ,e;jpah;fs; ,g;Gul;rpia Mjupf;ftpy;iy.

15. (ii)

m. khdrNuhtu;

M. rptrKj;jpuk;

,. Nkw;F tq;fhsk;

<. nfhy;fj;jh

c. fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopy;

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21. gpuhj;jdh rkh[k; - Fwpg;G 1. lhf;lh; Mj;kuhk; ghz;Luhq; vd;gtuhy; Kk;igapy; 1867y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. 2. rkge;jp czT> fyg;G jpUkzk;> tpjitfs; kWkzk;> Foe;ij jpUkz xopg;G Nghd;w eltbf;ifapy; <Lgl;lJ. 3. jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf ,uTg; gs;spfs;> mehj ,y;yq;fs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G ,y;yq;fis elj;jpaJ. 4. kfhNjt Nfhtpe;j uhdNl ,r;rigapd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jd; tho;f;if KOtijAk; mh;g;gzpj;jhh;.

22. #uj; gpsT – rpW Fwpg;G 1. 1907 Mk; Mz;L #uj;jpy; eilngw;w fhq;fpu]; khehL eilngw;wJ. 2. ,k;khehl;by; kpjthjpfs;> jPtputhjpfs; vd ,U gpupT fhq;fpu]py; Vw;gl;lNj #uj; gpsT vdg;gLfpwJ.

23. ePjpf;fl;rpapd; rhjidfs; - vitNaDk; ,uz;L

1. 1924y; nghJg; gzp Njh;thzak; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. 2. 1925 Me;jpuh gy;fiyf;fofKk;> 1929 mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf;fofKk; njhlq;fg;gl;ld. 3. 1926y; ,e;J rka mwepiya rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. 4. Njtjhrp Kiw xopf;fg;gl;lJ. 5. njhopyhsh; ey rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld

24. Nju;jy; Mizaj;jpd; gzpfs; 1. 1 murpay; fl;rpfSf;F mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jy; 2. Ntl;ghsh;fSf;F Njh;jy; rpd;dq;fis xJf;fy; 3. Njh;jy; Njjp> thf;F vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; KbTfis mwptpj;jy;

25. kdpj ,dj;jpd; mUq;fhl;rpak;

1. ,e;jpahtpd; E}W Nfhbf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l kf;fs; rhjp> kjk;> nkhop kw;Wk; ,dj;jhy; gy gphpTfshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. 2. ,j;jifa gphpTfshy; ,e;jpah kdpj ,dj;ijg; gw;wp gbf;ff;$ba mUq;fhl;rpahfTk;> Ma;tfkhfTk; jpfo;fpwJ. vdNt ,e;jpahit “kdpj ,dq;fspd; mUq;fhl;rpafk;” vdf; $wyhk;. 26. ,e;jpahtpd; jPTf;$l;lq;fs;

1. me;jkhd; epNfhghu; 2. ,yl;rj; jPTfs;

27. gUtf;fhw;W

1. khd;#d; vd;w nrhy; nksrpk; vd;w mNugpar; nrhy;yhFk;. 2. Nfhilf;fhyj;jpw;Fk; Fsph;fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa jq;fsJ jpiria KOtJk; khw;wpf;

nfhz;L tPRk; fhw;WfSf;F gUtfhw;W vd;W ngah;.

28. ntg;gkz;ly gRikkhwhf; fhLfspd; ehd;F mk;rq;fs; 1. gRik khwhky; ,Uf;Fk; 2. ,iyfs; cjph;tjpy;iy 3. kpf mlh;e;J fhzg;gLk; 4. kuq;fs; 60 kPl;lh; cauk; tiu tsUk; 5. 200 nr.kP. Nky; kio nghopT ngWk; 6. %q;fpyp> ghd; kw;Wk; nfhbfs; tsh;fpd;wd.

29. Ntshz; njhopiy epu;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs;

1. epyj;Njhw;wk; 2. fhyepiy 3. kz;tif 4. ePh;.

30. Ntshz; rhu;e;j njhopyfq;fs;

1. Ntshz; nghUl;fisf; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; 2. v.fh. m. gUj;jp - gUj;jp Miyfs;.

M. rzy; - rzy; Miyfs;. ,. fUk;G - rh;f;fiu Miyfs;.

31. xyp khriljy;

1. kdpjh;fs; my;yJ ,ae;jpuq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; xyp> nray;ghLfSf;F ,ilA+whf cs;sJ. 2. xyp khriljy; kdpj> tpyq;Ffspd; rkepiyia ghjpf;fpwJ. ,jid xyp khriljy; vd;fpNwhk;.

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32. tzpfk; - tiffs;

1. tzpfk; vd;gJ Nritfis thq;Fk;> tpw;Fk; nray; KiwahFk;. 2. tiffs;:

1. cs;ehl;L tzpfk;. 2. gd;dhl;L tzpfk;.;

33. njhiy Ez;Zzu;tpd; gFjpfs;

1. ,yf;F 2. Mw;wy; %yk; 3. gpujpgypf;Fk; top 4. czh;tp.

34. jyh tUkhdk;

1. ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij msf;f gad;gLk; fUtp jyh tUkhdk;. 2. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;hl;bd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifahy; tFf;f fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk;

MFk;. 3. jyh tUkhdk; = nkhj;j ehl;L tUkhdk;

nkhj;j kf;fs; njhif.

35. gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; 1. gy ehLfspy; jq;fsJ njhopy; epWtdq;fis njhlq;fp elj;jp tUk; mikg;Gfs; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fshFk;. 2. v.fh. N`hz;lh> RRfp

NtWghLfs; (VNjDk; 2 kl;Lk;)

36.

37.

38.

Nkw;F flw;fiu rkntsp fpof;F flw;fiu rkntsp F[uhj;; Kjy; fd;dpahFkhp tiu gutpAs;sJ Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpypUe;J fd;dpahFkhp tiu

gutpAs;sJ tlf;Nf nfhq;fd; flw;fiu mike;Js;sJ tlf;Nf tlrh;fhh; rkntsp mike;Js;sJ

njw;Nf kyghh; flw;fiu mike;Js;sJ njw;Nf Nrho kz;ly flw;fiu mike;Js;sJ

Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyf;Fk; mugpf; flYf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyf;Fk; tq;fhs tphpFlhtpw;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

,q;F Vhpfs;> fopfs; kw;Wk; fhay;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd

,r;rkntspapy; ;rpypfh Vhp’ ‘nfhy;NtU Vhp’ mike;Js;sJ.

thdpiy fhyepiy

Xh; ,lj;jpy; cs;s ntg;gk; mOj;jk;> fhw;W> <ug;gjk;> kw;Wk; kiog; nghopT Fwpg;gJ

Xhplj;jpd; ePz;l ehisa cz;ikahd ruhrhp thdpiyiaf; Fwpg;gJ.

md;whl epiyiaf; Fwpg;gJ MFk;. ,jid mstpl 35 tUl fhy thdpiy Njitg;gLfpwJ.

jpdKk; khWgLk; ePz;l ehisf;F xNu khjphpahf ,Uf;Fk; khWjYf;F cl;gl;lJ khwhjJ

GJg;gpf;f $ba tsq;fs; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f $baJ gad;ghl;bw;F gpd; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhJ c-k; #hpa xsp> fhw;W> ePh; c-k; epyf;fhp> fr;rh vz;nza; ,it njhlh;e;J ,aw;ifahf fpilf;ff; $baJ

,it njhlh;e;J fpilf;fhJ.

khRf;fis Vw;gLj;jhJ khRf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;

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39.

40.

41.

Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; khepy neLQ;rhiyfs; khepy jiyefuq;fis Njrpa jiyefUld; ,izf;fpd;wd.

khtl;l jiyefuq;fis khepy jiyefNuhL ,izf;fpd;wd.

,tw;iw kj;jpa nghJg;gzpj; Jiw guhkhpj;J tUfpwJ

,tw;iw khepy nghJg;gzpj; Jiw ghuhkhpj;J tUfpwJ

7>07>548 fp.kP. ePsk; cilaJ 1>31>899 fp.kP. ePsk; cilaJ.

jkpo;ehL – Nfushit ,izf;Fk; 650 fp.kP. rhiy

flY}h; - rpj;J}h; rhiy

43.

jiyg;G tpdhf;fs;

44. n[u;kdpapd; Nguhir m) nfa;rh; ,uz;lhk; tpy;ypak;

M) cyfk; KOtJk; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; chpik n[h;kdpf;F cz;L ,) Mq;fpNyah;fspd; Nguurpy; #hpad; kiwtjpy;iy vd;w $w;W <) n`hypNfhyhz;l;

fhuPg; gapu;fs; uhgp gapu;fs; Nfhilf;fhyg; gaph;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ

Fspu;fhyg; gaph;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

[_d;; khjk; tpijf;fg;gLfpwJ etk;gh; khjk; tpijf;fg;gLfpwJ etk;gh; khjk; mWtil nra;ag;gLfpwJ khh;r; khjk; mWtil nra;ag;gLfpwJ ney;> Nrhsk;> gUj;jp> rzy;> fUk;G> fliy Nghd;wit Kf;fpa gapu;fs;

NfhJik> Gifapiy> fLF> gUg;G tif kw;Wk; jhdpaq;fs; Kf;fpag; gaph;fs;

Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; fdpkk; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; Ntshz; nghUl;fs; %yg; nghUl;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

cNyhfk; kw;Wk; cNyhfkw;w nghUl;fs; %yg;nghUl;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

%yg;nghUl;fs; fpilf;Fk; ,lq;fspy; njhopy;rhiyfs; nray;gLfpd;wd.

fdpkr; Ruq;fq;fSf;F mUfpy; njhopy;rhiyfs; nray;gLfpd;wd.

v.fh. gUj;jp Miyfs;> rzy; Miyfs;> rh;f;fiu Miyfs;

v.fh. ,Uk;G v/F njhopw;rhiyfs;

kfhuh\;buk;> Nkw;F tq;fhsk;> cj;jpu gpuNjrk;

Nrhl;lh ehfGup gPlG+kp

ePh; khriljy; epyk; khriljy; ed;dPhpy; juj;ij khw;wk; nra;fpwJ epyk; khrilfpwJ ePhpy; thOk; caphpdq;fSf;F nfLjy; Vw;gLfpwJ

jhtuq;fSf;Fk;> tpyq;FfSf;Fk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLfpwJ

Ntjpapay;> ,aw;gpay;> caphpay; khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ

fopTfs;> G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp kUe;Jfs;> ,urhadq;fs; %yk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

ghf;Bhpah> itu]; fpUkpfs;> xl;Lz;zpfs;> GOf;fs; ePiu khRg;gLj;JfpwJ

G+r;R nfhy;ypfs;> njhopyf fopTfs;> rhf;filfs; Nghd;wit epyj;ij khRg;gLj;JfpwJ

cs;ehl;L tzpfk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk; xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fk; eilngWk; tzpfk; gy ehLfspilNa eilngWk; tzpfk; rhiy top> kw;Wk; ,uapy; top Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ

fly; top kw;Wk; thd; top Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ

me;j ehl;bd; fhfpj ehzak; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

me;epa nrythzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

42

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45. Nghupd; KbT m) ehh;kz;bapy

M) gpuhd;R csTgilAld; ,) jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhh;

<) 1945 Mf];L 6 - `pNuh~pkh> Mf];L 9 – ehfrhfp

46. gpuk;k rkh[k;

m) mugpf;> tq;fhsk;> Mq;fpyk;> gpnuQ;R> fpNuffk;> `Pg;U> rk];fpUjk;> ,yj;jPd; kw;Wk; ghurPfk;; M) VR fpwp];Jtpd; fl;lisfs;> mikjpf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fk; top ,) xNu flTs; <) Mj;kPa rgh

47. Nf. fhkuhru; m) 1924y; itf;fk; rj;jpahfpufg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;L M) mypg;G+h; rpiwapy;

,) rj;jpa%h;j;jpapd; tPl;by; <) mf;Nlhgh; 2> 1975

5 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 48. (m) ru;tNjr rq;fk; Njhy;tpAw fhuzq;fs;

1. tYthd mbj;jsk; ,y;iy rh;tNjr rq;fj;ij cUthf;fpa mnkhpf;fh cWg;gpduhf Nruhjjhy; ,jw;F tYthd mbj;jsk; ,y;yhky; NghdJ.

2. rq;fj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWk; chpik rq;fj;jpd; KbTfSf;F cld;glhj ehLfs;> rq;fj;jpypUe;J ntspNaWk; chpikahy; gy ehLfs; rq;fj;jpy; ntspNawpaJ nray; ,of;fr; nra;jJ.

3. [g;ghd; ntspNaw;wk; 1931-Mk; Mz;L [g;ghd; kQ;#hpahit ifg;gw;wpajhy; rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; vjph;g;gpdhy; [g;ghd; rq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpaJ rq;fj;ij nray; ,of;fr; nra;jJ.

4. epue;ju gil ,y;iy jdf;nfd xU epue;ju gil ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> rq;fk; jdJ KbTfis nray;gLj;j Kbatpy;iy.

5. rh;thjpfhuk; Njhw;k; n[h;kdp kw;Wk; ,j;jhypapy; rh;thjpfhu Ml;rp Njhd;wpajhy; mit rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpaJ.

(M) %d;W tl;l Nki[ khehLfs; ,e;jpa murpay; gpur;ridfSf;Fj; jPh;T fhZk; Kaw;rpapy; tl;lNki[ khehLfs; ,yz;ldpy; eilngw;wJ.

1. Kjy; tl;lNki[ khehL - 1930 fhq;fpu]; fl;rp ,k;khehl;by; fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jdhy; ,k;khehL Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ.

2. ,uz;lhk; tl;lNki[ khehL - 1931 fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb fhe;jpabfs; ,k;khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. KO Rje;jpuk;> tFg;G gpur;rpidfSf;F jPh;T vl;lg;gltpy;iy.

vdNt ,k;khehL Njhy;tpAw;wJ. 3. %d;whk; tl;lNki[ khehL - 1932

fhq;fpu]; jiyth;fs; ,k;khehl;by; gq;F ngwtpy;iy. vdNt ,k;khehL Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ.

(,) ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghupd; tpisTfs; 1. caphpog;G

Rkhh; 50 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; caphpoe;jdh;. 2. nghUs; Nrjk;

Vuhskhd nghUshjhu mopit Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 3. n[h;kdpapy; Ml;rp khw;wk;

n[h;kdp ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fg;gl;L> fpof;F n[h;kdp u\;ahthYk;> Nkw;F n[h;kdp gphpl;ld;> gpuhd;];> mnkhpf;fh ehLfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

4. rh;thjpfhu Ml;rp KbT ,j;jhypYk;> n[h;kdpapYk; rh;thjpfhu Ml;rp KbTf;F tug;gl;lJ.

5. [g;ghdpy; khw;wk;

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mnkhpf;fh [g;ghid ifg;gw;wpaJ. 6. gdpg;Nghh;

mnkhpf;fhTk; u\;ahTk; ty;yuRfshf khwp gdpg;Nghh; Jtq;fpaJ. 7. cyf mikjpf;F tpj;J

1945k; Mz;L cyf mikjpf;fhf I.eh.rig Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. 8. tpLjiy ehLfs;

1. ,e;jpah> ,yq;if> gh;kh> vfpg;J> kNyrpah Mfpa ehLfs; gphpl;ldplkpUe;Jk; 2. gpypg;igd;]; mnkhpf;fhtplkpUe;Jk; 3. ,e;Njh-rPdh gpuhd;rplkpUe;Jk; 4. ,e;NjhNd\pah lr;Rf;fhuh;fsplkpUe;Jk; tpLjiy ngw;wd.

9. nfhs;if iftply; INuhg;gpa ehLfs; FbNaw;wf; nfhs;if kw;Wk; Vfhjpgj;jpaj;ij iftpl;ld.

49. (m) gQ;rrPyk; kw;Wk; mzpNruh nfhs;if gQ;r rPyk;

gpujkh; [t`h;yhy; NeU mikjpf;fhf gpd;gw;wpa Ie;J mk;r nfhs;iffs; - gQ;rrPyk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. 1. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfspd; xw;Wik kw;Wk; ,iwahz;ikia kjpj;jy; 2. ve;j xU ehLk; gpwehl;il jhf;ff; $lhJ. 3. ve;j xU ehLk; kw;w ehLfspd; cs;tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplf; $lhJ. 4. midj;J ehLfSk; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gu];gu ey;YwT nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfSld; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,zq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mzpNruhf; nfhs;if 1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; cyfk; mnkhpf;fh> u\;ah jiyikapy; cyf ehLfs; gphpe;J

gdpg;Nghh; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 2. ,e;jpah> ,U ty;yuR ehLfSld; Nruhky; eLepiyik tfpg;gJ> mzpNruhf;nfhs;if. 3. ,t;tpU mzpfSf;fpailapy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;wpa rkaj;jpy; ,e;jpah mtw;iwj; jPh;j;J

itj;J cyfpy; mikjpia epiyehl;b tUfpwJ.

(M) Nju;jy; Kiw

Njh;jy; tiffs; 1. Neubj; Njh;jy; 2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy;

1. Neubj; Njh;jy; 1. Fbkf;fs; Neubahf thf;fspj;J jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw Neubj;

Njh;jy; Kiw vdg;gLk;. 2. ,e;jpahtpy; ehlhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jy; Neubj; Njh;jy; %yk;

Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. 3. ,ilj;Njh;jYk;> ,ilg;gUtj; Njh;jYk; Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiwapy; eilngWfpd;wd.

1. ,ilj; Njh;jy; xU njhFjpapy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Ntl;ghsh;> kuzkile;jhNyh> gjtpia tpl;L tpyfpdhNyh ,t;tplj;ij epug;g mj;njhFjpapy; kl;Lk; eilngWk; Njh;jy; ,ilj;Njh;jy; vdg;gLk;.

2. ,ilg; gUtj; Njh;jy; ehlhSkd;wNkh> rl;lkd;wNkh gjtp fhyk; KbAk; Kd;Ng fiyf;fg;gl;lhy;> kPz;Lk; elj;jg;gLk; Njh;jy; ,ilg;gUtj; Njh;jy; vdg;gLk;.

2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy; 1. Fbkf;fs; Neubahf jq;fsJ thf;Ffis mspf;fhky;> jq;fs; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;L

cWg;gpdh;fis Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw kiwKfj; Njh;jy; vd;fpNwhk;. 2. ehlhSkd;w Nky;rig cWg;gpdh;fs;> FbauRj; jiyth; kw;Wk; Jiz FbauRj; jiyth; MfpNahh; kiwKfj; Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.

(,) Efh;Nthh; ghJfhf;f jkpof muR Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s eltbf;iffs;

1. Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; mikj;jy;

2. FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fs; Cuhl;rp gpujp epjpfs; %yk; fpuhkq;fspSk;> efuq;fspy; FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy;

3. fUj;juq;Ffs; kfsph; Ra cjtpf; FOf;fs; %yk; fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;

4. khj ,jo; “jkpo;ehL Efh;Nthh; ftrk;” khj ,jopd; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;.

5. gpur;rhuk; thdpiy > njhiyf;fhl;rp k;w;Wk; FWk;glq;fs; %yk; nghJkf;fsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy;

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50. (m) njd;Nkw;F gUtfhw;wpd; VNjDk; xU fpis njd;Nkw;F gUtf;fhw;W ,U fpisfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.

1. mugpf;fly; fpis. 2. tq;fhs tphpFlh fpis. tq;fsh tphpFlh fpis 1. tq;fhs tphpFlhtpypUe;J tPRk; <ug;gjk; kpf;f fhw;W fhrp> fhNuh> n[ae;jpah> Fd;Wfs; kPJ NkhJfpwJ. 2. gpd; fhw;W NknyOk;gp rpuGQ;rp fd kioia nfhLf;fpwJ. 3. Nkw;F Nehf;fp efh;e;J fq;if rkntspf;F kioiaj; jUfpwJ. 4. NkYk; Nkw;F Nehf;fp efUk; NghJ <ug;gjj;ij ,oe;J gQ;rhg;> `hpahdhtpw;F Fiwe;jsT kioia

jUfpwJ. gpd; mugpf;fly; fpisAld; ,ize;J> rpthypf; Fd;Wf;F mjpf kioia nfhLf;fpwJ

(M) ,e;jpahtpd; ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfq;fs; 1. lhlh ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfk; (TISCO)

1907-y; [hk;n\l;G+hpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l lhlh ,Uk;G v/F epWtdk; cyf cw;gj;jpapy; gj;jhkplj;ij tfpf;fpwJ.

2. ,e;jpa ,Uk;G v/F FOkk; (IISCO) 1919-y; gh;d;G+hpy; mikf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa ,Uk;G v/F epWtdk; Fy;b> gh;d;G+h;> `puhG+h; v/F Miyfs; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lL nray;gLfpwJ.

3. ,e;J];jhd; v/F epWtdk; 1. 1923-y; fh;ehlf khepyj;jpy; gj;uhtjpapy; tp];Nt];tua;ah ,e;jpa ,Uk;G v/F epWtdk;

cNyhf fyit cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ 2. 1959-y; rl;B];fh; khepyj;jpy; gpsha; efhpy; uapy; jsthlq;fs;> fg;gy; fl;l v/F

jfLfs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 3. 1962-y; Nkw;F tq;fhs khepyj;jpy; Jh;fhG+hpy; ,Uk;G rl;lq;fs;> fl;Lkhdg; nghUl;fs;>

uapy; jsthlq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 4. 1965-y; xbrh khepyj;jpy; &h;Nfyhtpy; v/F cUisfs;> kpd; Kyhk; G+rg;gl;l jfLfs;>

kpd; jfLfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 5. 1972-y; [hh;fz;l; khepyj;jpy; nghfhNuhtpy; cs;s Miyapy; ,Uk;G fopTg;

nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L rpj;Njup cuj; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. 6. 1992-y; tprhfg;gl;bzj;jpy; cs;s epWtdk; etPd ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfkhFk;

4. Nryk; v/F epWtdk; 1982-y; jkpo;ehl;by; Nryj;jpy; cyfj;juk; tha;e;j v/F nghUl;fs; tsh;r;rpaile;j ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjpahfpd;wd.

5. Nlhh; efh; v/F epWtdk; fh;ehlfhtpYs;s N`h];gl; khtl;lj;jpy; Nlhh; efy; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ,Uk;G v/F epWtdk; njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(,) cyf miktplq;fs; fz;lwpAk; njhFjpapd; gad;fisf; $Wf. 1. cyf miktplq;fs; fz;lwpAk; njhFjp ,ul;ilg; gad;ghL nfhz;ljhfg; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mit

1. uhZtk; 2. nghJkf;fs; gad;ghL 2. nghJkf;fs; gad;ghL : epy msit Nkg; tiujy;> fly; top Nghf;Ftuj;J> ifNgrp Mfpatw;wpy;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 3. uhZtk; : fly; ghJfhg;G fhuzq;fshd top elj;Jjy;> VTfiz> kPl;G gzp> vjpup ehl;bd;

uhZtgyk; Mfptw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 4. tu;j;jf gad;ghL : tu;j;jfk;> mwptpay; gad;ghLfs;> ghijfs;> Nkw;ghu;it Nghd;w tptuq;fspy;

Kf;fpakhd fUtpahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 5. md;whl gad;ghL : cyf miktplk; fz;lwpAk; njhFjp Jy;ypakhf Neuj;ij fhl;Ltjhy;>

md;whl eltlf;iffspy; tq;fp> ifNgrp fl;Lg;ghl;L ikaq;fs;> Mw;wy; fl;Lg;ghl;L njhFjpfs;> tptrhapfs; MfpNahuhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

6. Gtp mikg;ghsu; : epy msit nra;Nthu;> Gtp mikg;gpayhsu;fs; jq;fis gzpfis jpwikahfTk;> ghJfhg;ghfTk;> rpf;fdkhfTk;> Jy;ypakhfTk; nray;gl jfty;fis je;J cjTfpwJ.

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51. (m) ehl;L tUkhdj;jpd; ,uz;L mbg;gilf; fUj;Jf;fs; 1. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp 1. xU ehl;by; Xuhz;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; kjpg;G 2. me;ehl;L kf;fs; Xuhz;by; <l;ba tUkhdk; 3. ntspehl;L KjyPl;bd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; ,yhgk; mit %d;Wk; Nrh;e;jNj nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jpahFk; 2. nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp

1. xU ehl;bd; Gtpapay; vy;iyf;Fs; Xh; Mz;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ghFk;.

2. me;jg; nghUl;fs; me;ehl;bw;F nrhe;jkhd cw;gj;jpf; fhuzfpshy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. epfu ehl;L cw;gj;jp

1. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; ,Ue;J Nja;khdr; nryit fopj;jgpd; fpilf;Fk; gz kjpg;G epfu ehl;L cw;gj;jpahFk;.

2. epfu ehl;L cw;gj;jp = nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp – Nja;khdr; nryT 4. epfu cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp

1. nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; ,Ue;J Nja;khdr; nryit fopj;jgpd; fpilf;Fk; gz kjpg;G epfu ehl;L cw;gj;jpahFk;.

2. epfu cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp = nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp – Nja;khdr; nryT 5. jyh tUkhdk; 1. ehl;L kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij msf;f gad;gLk; fUtp jyh tUkhdk;. 2. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;hl;bd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifahy; tFf;f fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk; MFk;. 3. jyh tUkhdk; = nkhj;j ehl;L tUkhdk; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhif. (M) gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

1. Ntshz; Muha;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; 2. Ntiy tha;g;Gfis tphpthf;Fjy;. 3. tWikia xopj;jy; 4. fpuhkGw fl;likg;G trjpfis ngUf;Fjy;. 5. kpd;rhuk;> cuq;fSf;fhfd khdpaj;ij Fiwj;jy;. 6. njhlf;ff; fy;tpapy; ,ilepw;wiy Fiwj;jy;. 7. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;jy;. 8. ePh;ghrdk;> fpuhk kpd;kakhjy;> fpuhk rhiyfs; Nkk;gLj;j muR KjyPl;il mjpfhpj;jy;

(,) jkpo;ehl;bd; kpd;rf;jp jpl;lq;fs;

1. mdy;kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp 1. vz;Z}h; 2. J}j;Jf;Fb 3. nea;Ntyp 4. Nkl;^h; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; epyf;fhpiaf; nfhz;L mdy; kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

2. ePh; kpd; epiyaq;fs; 1. Nkl;^h; 2. Fe;jh 3. nghpahh; miz 4. NfhijahW miz 5. igf;fhuh 6. rpq;fhuh 7. khahhpy; ePh; kpd; epiyaq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

3. mZkpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp 1. fy;ghf;fk; > 2. $lq;Fsj;jpy; mZtpypUe;J kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

4. fhw;W kpd; rf;jp 1. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; 2. fd;dpahFkhp 3. J}j;Jf;Fb 4. jpUney;Ntyp 5. ,uhkehjGuk; Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; fhw;wpypUe;J kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

5. capup nghUl;fs; vhprf;jp 1. jUkGhp 2. ehkf;fy; khtl;lq;fspy; Ntshz; fopTg; nghUl;fspypUe;J kuG rhuh kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

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52. fhyf;NfhL 1932 – 1950 (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;)

1920 – xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;

1922 – nrsup nrsuh rk;gtk;

1923 – Rauh[;[pa fl;rp Njhw;wk;

1927 – irkd; FO mikf;fg;gl;lJ

1928 – irkd; FO ,e;jpah tUif

1929 – yh$u; fhq;fpu]; khehL

1930 - Kjy; tl;lNkir khehL> cg;G rj;jpahfpufk;> jz;b ahj;jpiu

1931 - ,uz;lhk; tl;lNkir khehL> fhe;jp-,u;tpd; xg;ge;jk;

1932 - %d;whk; tl;lNkir khehL> tFg;G thj gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> g+dh xg;ge;jk;

1935 - ,e;jpa muR rl;lk;

1939 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghhpd; njhlf;fk;

1940 - Mf];L ed;nfhil> ghfp];jhd; jdpehL Nfhupf;if

1942 – nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;> fpupg;]; J}J FO

1945 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh; KbT

1946 - ,ilf;fhy muR mikg;G

1947 - ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; miljy;> nksz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk;

1948 – fhe;jpabfs; kiwT

1950 - ,e;jpah FbauR MFjy;

53. m. Mrpah tiuglk; M. . ,e;jpah tiuglk;

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54. Gtpapay; - ,e;jpah tiuglk;

guhf;g+u;

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Ng. rPdpthrd; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; (tuyhW) muR cau;epiyg; gs;sp fq;fNyup – 635 122 fpU\;zfpup khtl;lk; miyNgrp : 99943 94610 kpd; mQ;ry; : srinivasanb2401@gmail.com

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