K BULLETIN OF THE SERBIAN GEOGRAPHICALSOCIETY 2004. LXXXIV - . 2
YEAR 2004 TOME LXXXIV - N 2 UDC 911.2:551.32 (497.16) : . a., . . .
e . : , , , Abstract: The paper presents the glacial relief on
Mt.Komovi in Montenegro. The most common are the
macro-glacialforms,whicharethebestpreservedcirquesandmorraines.Bytheanalysisoftopographicmapsand
surveyinthefield,thesituation,orientationandmorphometricdataontheseformsaregiven.Theanalysisof
impact of exposures on the cirque bottom elevation is given.
Furthermore, the level of preservation of glacial relief forms,
depending on geological settings, is analysed. Finally, there is
the reconstruction of Pleistocene snow line elevation and spread of
glaciation. Key words: glaciation, cirque, morraine, Mt.Komovi ,.
(5 km) . ,. ,(1573m), . . . (. ,1913),. . , ., (, . , 1899) , (. ,
1981). , .
M , , 46 : - , - , -, .(2487m). (10,4km2 ). : -,,, , . (61%),, .
, - . , .(2252m), ,6km 4,15km2. , . 2 km. , - . 2170m,(2487m)
(2252m).. 2km,1000m, ,, 2,55km2. 200-250m, ( ). 1900 m , ( ).
1700-1900m ., . ()(). . . ,. ,, , 450 m . 1700 - 1800 m. ,. ,, .,.
, 1800 m , ,. , , (, 47 ), , . . , , . ,, (). , .,, ,., 2000 mm . ,
. . ,, . .1897., ,(.,1899). . . (,(.,1913). , . ,, . . . . (1937).
, , , . ,. , (.,1913)., .1900m, . (1km) . ,,2km 600 m . . 48 ,
.250m. , , 1920 m, . 4 m. 1. . 1.1) . 1 km, ., 50 m . ,, . ,
1) 1 2, 3 4, . 49 , (1950 m). , . (),, ,. , . 400 m 200 m. (
1830 m) , .1820m , . , . (-),1800-1900m, . , , (),(., 1913). , . ,
, , , . 800 m, 300 m.. 1920 m. , . 50m,,- (.,2003),. 250 m, 100 -
150 m. , . 6 km , , ., . , . 1,4km . (35), ., . . , 1760 m. 1850m,
1760 m. ,. ,- . 250 m, 1820-1860m. ,. 50 . 150m. 5 - 7 m. . . , . .
10 m. 200m,1865m(). , 200 m, , . , .. . , .1700m. . 4 - 5 m, 35 m.,
210 m. , 0,5-3m. 4-6m., ,.1735m, 30m,3m. . , . . 1700 m. 600 - 700
m, . . 1200m800m .(60) . , , .. 1760m.650m, 300m200m. ( ). . . 2360
m. 50 - 80 m, .400m, ,600m. 250m200m.26.07.1998. . 51 . 2. 600 m .
200m(2150m),. ,. . . . , . , . . . . 52 . . 500 m 15m.60-70m. .,(
2150 m) . , . 1750 m. 5 - 7 m, 200 m. . , , . 800m,1560m .. 1700m.
. (2). , ,, . , ,. . 3 - 5 m , 20 m. , , .
, ,(3). ., . , . ,. , .( 2100m).100m, . 0,55m,., . . . .
2000-2100m., , . 53 , . . 550 m, 450 m . 2000 m . (1913). ., (1980
m) , , . , , . . 3. () () -. , 100 - 200 m ., , , . 54 . ( 5 m), ,.
10 m. ., ( 3). 2100 m. , . ,, .800m. , , . . ,,. 1998. . . , , 1
km. , 2200m. 200 m, . . . , (2487m).., ,. , . . ,. ,, ., . , ,
(2200 m). .450-500m, 2000m., -,.1-2m , ,, . . . , , ( 4). 2170m, .,
35 250 - 300 m ( , ). 2 km, 700 - 800 m. 2000 m, 1820 m, 2100 m. 55
. 5. 1,5km2,, ,, 170 m. 2120 m, 300m. ,. , ,100m. , . 2 km. 1km . ,
. , , . ., . , . 1800 m , 56 ,. , (), , ., . ,(.,2003). , (1800 m)
300 m , . , . , .,. 1800m,2km ,. , . 1900 m . 15 m 300 m. 1 - 5 m.
, , 250 m, (. 1). , 250 m, . , ( 35). , , . . 2000 m ,2100m., , .
5-15m, . , . 2100m600m 0,5 - 3,5 m. , , - . . ,. , 300 m . , .
1950m., . ,., , 1860 m. , 57 . , . . , , . . . 1. , ,.
1850m,250m200m .,, 2000 m.. , . . ,. , . , , . , , . 58 , , - . ,,
., ., ,,, . , . . . . , 300 m . , . ,, 2510 , . 1600 m , , ,, , . .
1700 m, , , 200m(1900m). , . , 1800- , 17,1 km2. ,, , . , , , .
1km. 20-25m300-350m. 1780m., 250 m , . 2km, . , ,. ,100m. ,, . ,.
59 , . , . ,,, ,, . .,(1903):. , 65, . ., (1899): , . , 57, . .,
(1913): . , 91, . .,(1985):.. , . 6, . .,(2003):. , . .., (1937):
K. .,(1983):.(,8), . ., (1980): . , . , (1994): . . 60 MILOVAN
MILIVOJEVI S u m m a r y GLACIAL MORPHOLOGY OF KOMOVI
AttheendofthePleistocene,morethanfifteencirqueswerepresentonMt.Komovi.Theicewas
moving in all directions from the cirques. Judging by presently
preserved morraines, all points to the conclusion
thatthoseweretheglaciersofcirquetype.However,duetothegeologicalcompositionofthearea,thecirques
werepreservedonlyinlimestones,whileonschistsalltraces of former
morphology are washed away by strong
denudation.Thematerialwasfurthertransportedbyfluvialerosion.Allpresentremainsofcirquesarein
limestones,whileonlytheglacierfromthecirquebelowthepeakSuvovrhhaderodedthelimestonestothe
shistosebase.ThesamehappenedatthebottomoftheLjubancirque.Thesearetheonlytwocirquesthathave
small lakes at the
bottoms.Morrainematerialonschistsispreservedonlybelowtwocirques.Thatisthecirqueonthelocation
Boikistrug,whosefrontmorraineexceedsfor300mthecontactlinebetweenlimestonesandschists.The
second case is the destroyed front morraine next to Varde, which is
also deposited over schists. Both morraines are preserved thanks to
tree roots of the overgrowing wood. Furthermore, inclinations of
the slopes on both locations rapidly decrease from 25 in the upper
part to 10 in the lower part, so the intensity of the erosion is
decreased as well.Since these morraines have covered the schists to
the elevation of 1600 m, and lower, we can conclude by comparation
that a great valley glacier had originated from the great cirques
Meukomlje, Carine and Rogam. Its front and lateral morraines have
been washed away by water in the post-glacial
period.SnowlineduringtheWurmglacialwasdeducedfromthelowestpointofthecirquebottoms.Inthe
northern part of the mountain, it is at 1700 m a.s.l, while on the
southern part, the elevation of snow line was 100 m higher (1900 m
a.s.l, Carine cirque). On Mt.Komovi, it is difficult to check
whether the snow line was lower, because in the lower area there
are no traces which could point to that. With this snow line, the
surface covered with permanent snow was all above the contour of
1800 m elevation, which means 17,1 square
kilometer.Suchquantityofsnow,whichwasfillingthecirquesinavalanches,shouldhavebeenenoughfor
formationofpowerfulglaciers,whichhadreachedmuchlongerdistancesthanitispossibletoconcludetoday,
judging by the remaining glacial material.On the whole area of
Mt.Komovi, there is one morraine situated on the top of a narrow
ridge stretching northwards, which is at first glance impossible to
explain. The ridge is parallel to Ljuban ridge, and situated 1 km
to the west. The elevation in the highest part of the morraine is
1780 m. On the western side of the morraine, the
Crnjariverhavecutavalley250mdeep,thatstartsimmediatelybelowtheRogamcirque.Rightsideofthe
Rogam cirque is an escarpment with big screes, and it extends
northwards on the length of 2 km. On its end there is a ridge with
the mentioned big lateral morraine.This means that, during the
Pleistocene, Crnja river still had not incised a deep valley. In
that time, it was a course of the glacier that was coming out of
the Rogam cirque. The glacier was quite powerful, minimally
100mthick.Itdepositedthisrightlateralmorraineontheridge,whileothermaterialwaseroded,aswellas
elsewhere on Mt.Komovi. This morraine belongs to the most intensive
period of the last glacial. Based on this, we
canconcludethatthesameprocesstookplaceinthecirquesCarineandMeukomlje.Bythedimensionsand
morphology, the latter had the biggest glacier on Mt.Komovi.
GeneralestimationisthatonMt.Komovitheglaciationwasmuchstrongerthanitispossibleto
reconstructonthebasisofaccumulativeglacialforms,whichareeasilywashedawaybystrongerosion.Such
glaciationcanbecorrelatedwiththeglaciationofPlaninica,Mojan,andespeciallyirokarandKotica.These
werestudiedbyCviji,andaresituatedfurthertothesouthfromMt.Komovi,onMt.Prokletije,attheborder
between Montenegro and Albania.
