Glosar Termeni Psihologie Engleza

8/19/2019 Glosar Termeni Psihologie Engleza

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UNIVERSITATEA TITU MAIORESCUFACULTATEA DE PSIHOLOGIE

Comunicare de

speciai!a!e "n im#aen$e%&Gosar !ermeni de speciai!a!e



'()*

)+ archetype = arhetip , inna!e pro!o!-pes .or ideas/ 01ic1 ma-

su#se2uen!- #ecome in3o3ed in !1e in!erpre!a!ion o. o#ser3ed

p1enomena4 !1e- reside in !1e unconscious 5Car 6un$7

'+ accommodation = acomodare , !1e modi8ca!ion o. od 0a-s o. !1in9in$!o incorpora!e ne0 9no0ed$e and in.orma!ion 56ean Pia$e!7

:+ anal stage = stadiul anal , !1e second s!a$e o. c1id1ood de3eopmen!/

01ic1 occurs #e!0een one !o !1ree -ears o. a$e/ in 01ic1 ps-c1ic ener$-

#ecomes .ocused on ana ac!i3i!ies/ suc1 as de.eca!ion 5Si$mund Freud7;+ assimilation = asimilare , !1e incorpora!ion o. ne0 e3en!s or 9no0ed$e

in!o e<is!in$ sc1emas 56ean Pia$e!7=+ behaviorism = behaviorism , a sc1oo o. ps-c1oo$- !1a! de3eoped in

response !o .unc!ionaism/ 01ic1 de8ned ps-c1oo$- as !1e s!ud- o. !1e

#e1a3iors !1a! can #e o#ser3ed and measured 56o1n >+ ?a!son7*+ cardinal traits = trăsături cardinale , sin$e personai!- !rai!s !1a!

domina!e a person@s personai!- 5Gordon ?+ Apor!7+ central traits = trăsături centrale , !1e core !rai!s/ usua- 83e !o !en/

!1a! #es! descri#e a person@s personai!-/ !1e- are $enerai%ed across

si!ua!ions and readi- no!icea#e #- o!1ers 5Gordon ?+ Apor!7B+ client - centered therapy = terapie centrată pe client , a 1umanis!ic

ps-c1o!1erap- de3eoped #- Car Ro$ers+ cognitive dissonance theory = teoria disonanţei cognitive ,

inconsis!enc- #e!0een co$ni!ions produces discom.or! 5dissonance7/

eadin$ a person !o ac! !o res!ore consis!enc- in order !o remo3e !1a!

discom.or!+ For e<ampe/ 01en 0e reai%e !1a! 0e 1a3e #e1a3ed in a 0a-

!1a! is inconsis!en! 0i!1 ou! a!!i!udes/ 0e ma- c1an$e ou! a!!i!udes !oreduce !1e dissonance caused #- 1a3in$ !1ose inconsis!en! co$ni!ions

5Leon Fes!in$er7)(+collective unconscious = inconştientul colectiv , a m-s!ica cons!ruc!

!1a! con!ains !1e #asic ima$es and ideas #eie3ed !o #e s1ared #- a

1uman #ein$s 5Car 6un$7))+concrete operational stage = stadiul operaţiunilor concrete , !1e

de3eopmen!a period .rom a#ou! a$es si< !o ee3en/ a! !1is !ime/ !1e c1id

1as ac2uired men!a opera!ions !1a! ao0 1er or 1im !o a#s!rac! some

essen!ia a!!ri#u!es or reai!-/ suc1 as num#er and su#s!ance/ #u! !1ese

opera!ions are as -e! appica#e !o on- concre!e e3en!s and canno! #e

considered en!ire- in !1e a#s!rac! 56ean Pia$e!7)'+ conditions of worth = condiţie de valorizare !1e condi!ions !1a! an

indi3idua percei3es are pu! upon !1em e<!erna- #- !1ose around !1em

and 01ic1 !1e- #eie3e 1a3e !o #e in pace .or !1em !o #e seen as 0or!1-

5Car Ro$ers7):+Conscious = conştient , !1e ideas/ !1ou$1!s/ and ima$es !1a! a person is

a0are o. a! an- $i3en momen! 5Si$mund Freud7);+crystallized intelligence = inteligenţă cristalizată , !1e reper!oire o.

in.orma!ion/ co$ni!i3e s9is/ and s!ra!e$ies ac2uired #- !1e appica!ion o.

uid in!ei$ence !o 3arious 8eds !1a! increases 0i!1 a$e 5Ra-mond >+

Ca!!e7



)=+defense mechanisms = mecanisme de apărare , unconscious !ac!ics

empo-ed #- !1e e$o !o pre3en! an<ie!- 5Si$mund Freud7)*+ego = Eu , one o. !1e #asic s!ruc!ures o. !1e personai!- as proposed #-

Freud/ !1e e$o main!ains a #aance amon$ !1e demands o. !1e id/

supere$o/ and reai!- 5Si$mund Freud7

)+uid intelligence = inteligenţa uidă , !1e a#ii!- !o dea 0i!1 ne0!-pes o. pro#ems 5Ra-mond >+ Ca!!e7

)B+formal operational stage = stadiul operaţiilor formale , accordin$ !o

Pia$e!/ a s!a$e o. de3eopmen! !1a! is c1arac!eri%ed #- !1e a#ii!- !o .orm

a#s!rac! !1ou$1!s/ and 01ic1 is !-pica- reac1ed durin$ !1e period .rom

a$e !0e3e !o adu!1ood 56ean Pia$e!7)+estalt therapy = terapia estalt , a 1umanis!ic approac1 !o

ps-c1o!1erap- in 01ic1 pa!ien!s ac! ou! pas! conic!s in order !o con.ron!/

!a9e responsi#ii!- .or/ and earn con!ro o. !1eir .eein$s 5Fri!% Per%7'(+g-factor = factorul , in in!ei$ence/ a $enera men!a a#ii!- cu!!in$

across a !es!s 5C1ares Spearman7')+hidden observer techni!ue = tehnica observatorului ascuns , a

1-pno!i%ed su#ec!@s a0areness o. e<periences/ suc1 as pain/ !1a! are

none!1eess unrepor!ed durin$ 1-pnosis 5Ernes! Hi$ard7''+hierarchy of needs = piramida nevoilor umane , !1e concep! o. an

orderin$ o. needs/ p1-sioo$ica/ sa.e!-/ #eon$in$ness/ es!eem/ and se.,

ac!uai%a!ion/ in 01ic1 !1ose o0er in !1e order/ #e$innin$ 0i!1

p1-sioo$ica needs/ mus! #e sa!is8ed #e.ore !1ose !1a! are 1i$1er mer$e

5A#ra1am H+ Maso07':+id sine , !1e mos! primi!i3e s!ruc!ures o. 1uman personai!-/ !1e

unconscious/ irra!iona/ and ins!inc!ua s!ri3in$s .or immedia!e sa!is.ac!ion

re$ardess o. cos! 5Si$mund Freud7';+identi"cation = identi"care , ps-c1oo$ica process 01ere#- !1e

su#ec! assimia!es an aspec!/ proper!-/ or a!!ri#u!e o. !1e o!1er and is

!rans.ormed/ 01o- or par!ia-/ #- !1e mode !1e o!1er pro3ides4 !o #e i9e

or !o #ecome i9e ano!1er+ 5Si$mund Freud725. insight = iluminare# $nţelegere clară , !1e sudden ac1ie3emen!

o. unders!andin$ !1a! arises .rom a c1an$e in perspec!i3e on a pro#em4

insi$1! is 3ie0ed as !1e mos! appropria!e descrip!ion o. 1uman pro#em

so3in$ 5Ges!a! ps-c1oo$-7'*+latent stage = stadiul latent , !1e .our!1 s!a!e o. ps-c1ose<ua

de3eopmen! durin$ 01ic1 !1e c1id@s ps-c1ic ener$ies are no! a!!ac1ed !o

an- par!icuar par! o. !1e #od- 5Si$mund Freud7'+law of contiguity = legea continguităţii %alăturare& , a principe o.

earnin$ !1a! s!a!es !1a! e3en!s occurrin$ cose !o$e!1er in space and !ime

#ecome associa!ed 5Aris!o!e7'B+libido = libido , ps-c1ic ener$- !1a! is primari- dri3ed .rom !1e se<ua/

peasure,see9in$ ins!inc! o. !1e id 5Si$mund Freud7'+life script = scenariul vieţii , !1e pre,conscious i.e pan !1a! $o3erns

!1e 0a- i.e is i3ed ou!4 se.,imi!in$ decisions made in c1id1ood in !1e

in!eres! o. sur3i3a 5Eric >erne7:(+mental age 5MA7 = v'rsta mentală , a score !o represen! !1e e3e o.

in!ei$ence #ased on an indi3idua@s !es! per.ormance rea!i3e !o o!1ers in1is or 1er a$e $roup/ i! is compu!ed #- de!erminin$ !1e c1ronoo$ica a$e



a! 01ic1 =( percen! o. !1e a$e $roup per.orm a! !1e same e3e o. !1e c1id

#ein$ !es!ed/ c1idren 0i!1 an MA $rea!er !1an !1eir c1ronoo$ica a$e 5CA7

are a1ead o. !1eir a$e $roup men!a-/ i. !1eir MA is o0er !1an !1eir CA/

!1e- a$ #e1ind i! 5A.red >ine!7:)+numinous = numinosum - Descrip!i3e o. persons/ !1in$s or si!ua!ions

1a3in$ a deep emo!iona resonance/ ps-c1oo$ica- associa!ed 0i!1e<periences o. !1e se. 5Car 6un$7

:'+ob(ect permanence = permanenţa obiectelor , !1e #eie. !1a! an

o#ec! e<is!s e3en 01en i! is ou! o. si$1!4 !1is concep! does no! de3eop

un!i in.an!s are ei$1! mon!1s od or more 56ean Pia$e!7::+oral stage = stadiul oral , !1e 8rs! s!a$e o. ps-c1ose<ua de3eopmen!/

in 01ic1 ps-c1ic ener$- is .ocused on !1e mou!1 5Si$mund Freud7:;+ phallic stage = stadiul falic, !1e !1ird s!a$e o. ps-c1ose<ua

de3eopmen!/ in 01ic1 ps-c1ic ener$ies are .ocused on !1e $eni!as

5Si$mund Freud7:=+ preconscious = preconştient , !1e ideas/ !1ou$1!s/ and ima$es !1a! a

person is no! a0are o. a! a $i3en momen! #u! !1a! can #e #rou$1! in!o

a0areness 0i!1 i!!e or no dicu!- 5Si$mund Freud7:*+ premoral period = perioada premorală , !1e period .rom #ir!1 !o .our

-ears o. a$e 01en c1idren s1o0 no unders!andin$ or concep!ion o. rues

56ean Pia$e!7:+ preoperational stage = stadiul preoperaţional , !1e second s!a$e o.

co$ni!i3e de3eopmen! occurrin$ rou$1- #e!0een !0o and se3en -ears o.

a$e/ c1arac!eri%ed #- a imi!ed unders!adin$ o. o$ica principes suc1 as

conser3a!ion and re3ersi#ii!- 56ean Pia$e!7:B+ psychose)ual development = dezvoltare psihose)uală , !1e s!a$es

o. de3eopmen! !1a!/ accordin$ !o Freud/ a 1uman #ein$s pass !1rou$1durin$ ear- i.e/ eac1 s!a$e/ ora/ ana/ p1aic/ a!en!/ and $eni!a/ cen!ers

around a speci8c area o. !1e #od- 01ere ps-c1ic ener$- 5i#ido7

concen!ra!es durin$ !1a! par!icuar period 5Si$mund Freud7:+rational-emotive therapy = terapie raţional-emotivă , a cinica

!ec1ni2ue !o 1ep cien!s unders!and !1e irra!ionai!- o. 3arious #eie.s/

reco$ni%e 1o0 !1ese #eie.s aec! !1eir #e1a3ior/ and prac!ice ne0/ more

adap!i3e/ ra!iona/ and #ene8cia 0a-s o. !1in9in$ and #e1a3in$ 5A#er!

Eis7;(+reciprocal determinism = determinismul reciproc concep! in 01ic1

#e1a3iora 3aria#es/ en3ironmen!a 3aria#es/ and persona and co$ni!i3e

3aria#es a mu!ua- inuence eac1 o!1er4 a person@s #e1a3ior aec!s !1e

en3ironmen!/ !1e en3ironmen!/ in !urn/ aec!s #e1a3ior/ and !1e person@s

a0areness o. mu!ua dependenc- aec!s #o!1 5A#er! >andura7;)+regression = regresie , a de.ense mec1anism c1arac!eri%ed #- a re!urn

!o an earier s!a$e o. ps-c1ose<ua de3eopmen! 5Si$mund Freud7;'+repression = refulare , in ps-c1oana-!ic !1eor-/ a de.ense mec1anism

#- means o. 01ic1 !1ou$1!s/ impuses/ or memories !1a! $i3e rise !o

an<ie!- are pus1ed ou! o. consciousness 5Si$mund Freud7;:+secondary traits = trăsături secundare , personai!- !rai!s !1a! are ess

conspicuous/ consis!en!/ and $enerai%ed !1an cardina or cen!ra !rai!s/

!1e- !-pica- app- under on- cer!ain circums!ances 5Gordon ?+ Apor!7

http://frithluton.com/articles/self/

http://frithluton.com/articles/self/



;;+selective innatention = neatenţia selectivă , a de.ence

mec1anism !1a! .unc!ions prior !o ps-c1oo$ica repression/ and ac!s #-

0a- o. #oc9in$ a no!ice o. !1e !1rea! in 2ues!ion/ seec!i3e ina!!en!ion

can aso #e accompanied #- seec!i3e non,par!icipa!ion 5Harr- S!ac9

Sui3an7

;=+self-actualization = actualizarea sinelui - i! is !1e .u8men! o. one@spo!en!ia 51umanis!ic ps-c1oo$-/ Car Ro$ers7

;*+sensorimotor stage = stadiul senzoriomotor , accordin$ !o Pia$e!/ !1e

8rs! !0o -ears o. i.e 01en a c1id 9no0s and in!erac!s 0i!1 !1e 0ord

primari- in !erms o. sensor- impressions and mo!or ac!i3i!ies/ and 1as

i!!e compe!ence in represen!in$ !1e en3ironmen! usin$ s-m#os/

an$ua$e/ or ima$es;+superego = supraeu , one o. !1e #asic s!ruc!ures o. !1e personai!-/ i! is

!1e par!ia- unconscious area o. !1e mind !1a! con!ains and en.orces

peope@s 3aues/ moras/ and #asic a!!i!udes !1a! !1e- earned .rom !1eir

paren!s and socie!- 5Si$mund Freud7;B+transactions = tranzacţii concep! used in Transac!iona Ana-sis !1a!

re.ers !o !1e communica!ion e<c1an$es #e!0een peope+ Transac!iona

ana-s!s are !rained !o reco$ni%e 01ic1 e$o s!a!es peope are !ransac!in$

.rom and !o .oo0 !1e !ransac!iona se2uences so !1e- can in!er3ene and

impro3e !1e 2uai!- and eec!i3eness o. communica!ion+ 5Transac!iona

Ana-sis7;+transference = transfer - in ps-c1oana-sis/ !1e pa!ien!@s !endenc- !o

!rans.er emo!iona reac!ions !1a! 0ere ori$ina- direc!ed !o0ard one@s o0n

paren!s or o!1er cri!ica 8$ures in one@s ear- i.e and redirec!s !1e !o0ard

!1e ana-s! 5Si$mund Freud7

50.unconditional positive regard = acceptare pozitivă necondiţionată, !1e #asic accep!ance and suppor! o. a person re$ardess o. 01a! !1e

person sa-s or does/ especia- in !1e con!e<! o. cien!,cen!ered !1erap-

5Car Ro$ers7=)+unconscious = inconştient , !1e par! o. !1e mind !1a! con!ains

memories/ !1ou$1!s/ and .eein$s !1a! canno! #e easi- #rou$1! in!o

consciousness

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_mechanism


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_repression



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_repression

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Glosar Termeni Psihologie Engleza