Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    1/32

    Chapter 1: Introduction to Research

    Q. Define research. What are its characteristics?

    A. Research in simplified terms means searching for the facts searching for the replies to the

    various queries and also for the solutions to the various problems. Research is an inquiry or an

    investigation with a specific purpose to fulfill, it helps in clearing the various doubtful concepts

    and tries to solve or explain the various unexplained procedures or phenomenon.

    According to the encyclopedia of social science, research can be explained as ‘the manipulation

    of generalizing to extend, connect or verify knowledge.

    !here are eight commonly agreed characteristics of research"

    #ystematic procedures, $ontrolled procedures, validity, rigorousness, logicality, critical thought,

    ob%ectivity and accuracy.

    !he characteristics of Research can be explained as follows"

    Page | 1

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    2/32

    1. Empirical-

    Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

    2. Loical-

    Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

    !. C"clical-

    Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

    #. $nal"tical-

    Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical,descriptive, experimental and case study.

    %. Critical-

    Research exhibits careful and precise %udgment.

    &. 'ethodical-Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.

    (. Replica)le-

    !he research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arriveat valid and conclusive results.

    Q. E*plain the need and importance of research in )usiness.

    A. !he significance of research in a number of fields of applied economics, whether associated

    with business, industry, commerce, trade, services or to the economy in general, hastremendously increased these days. !he extremely complex character of business, its size, fast

    changes in technology etc, has focused attention on the utilization of research in managing

    operational problems.

    Page | 2

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    3/32

    1. +estin of ne, products-

    &usiness research tests the possible success of fresh products. &usinesses need to know what

    kinds of services and products consumers want before they produce them. Research will reduce

    risk ' Research can help design a new product or service, figuring out what is needed and ensure

    that the development of a product is highly targeted towards demand.

    2. uaranteein adeuate distri)ution.

    &usinesses can also use research to guarantee sufficient distribution of their products. (or 

    instance, a consumer products company might want to speak with merchants about the various

     brands they offer. !he outcomes of the business research can help managers decide where they

    need to increase their product distribution.

    !. In-house research is reuired for professional and self de/elopment of the ,or0ersthrouh trainin and mentorin.

    )rganizational research and analysis would also be needed for assessment of performance

    management, process reengineering, departmental assessment and well"being of staff members.

    #. nderta0in research can help a compan" a/oid future failure.

    $arrying out research can also help a business determine whether now is the right time to expand

    into another town or whether it needs to apply for a new loan. *t may also help a small business

    decide if a process should be altered or if more needs to be done to meet the requirements of the

    customer base.

    %. tud"in the competition.

    &usinesses frequently make use of research to study key rivals in their markets. &usinesses will

    often begin with secondary research information or information which is currently accessible.

    Research is important for any organization to remain competitive in the market. !he top function

    of research is to supply a business with an outlet to correctly determine its customers. +ith the

    help of surveys, an organization can analyze the preferences of its target consumers.

    (urthermore, these studies could also provide a business the chance to examine its competitors in

    the industry and analyze and emulate key strategies which could help in its operations.

    *t can also help in the recruitment of employees. *ts through proper research that human resource

    managers are able to determine and recruit qualified manpower. Recruitment of workers with the

    right skills and attitudes aids the company to improve its productivity levels. Research for the

    right staff members can be done via the internet, consultancy firms and institutions of higher 

    learning.

    Page | 3

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    4/32

    A proper knowledge of the employees and healthy conversation would be important factors for a

    manager to boost performance of the individuals in the team. A good approach, winning attitude

    and behaviour of the manager with proper systems set up would certainly call for sound research

    to understand and improve the system

    Q. E*plain the need and importance of research in social sciences.

    A. +hile identifying order in the complexity of social life is the most fundamental goal of social

    research there are many other, more specific goals that contribute to this larger goal. !hey are

    quite diverse. (or example, the goal of testing theories about social life contributes to the larger 

    goal of identifying order in complexity so does the goal of collecting in"depth information on

    the diverse social groups that make up society. Another factor that contributes to the diversity of 

    the goals of social research is the simple fact that social research reflects society, and society

    itself is diverse, multifaceted, and composed of many antagonistic groups. *t follows that the

    goals of social research are multiple and sometimes contradictory. !oday, no single goal

    dominates social research.

    -. *dentifying general patterns and relationships

    . !esting and refining theories

    /. 0aking 1redictions

    2. *nterpreting culturally or historically significant phenomena

    3. 4xploring 5iversity

    6. 7iving 8oice

    9. Advancing :ew !heories

    1. Identif"in eneral patterns and relationship

    #ignificant social phenomena may be significant because they are common or general they

    affect many people, either directly or indirectly. !his quality of generality makes knowledge of 

    such phenomena valuable. !hus, one of the ma%or goals of social research is to identify general

     patterns and relationships. *n some corners, this ob%ective is considered the primary goal becausesocial research that is directed toward this end resembles research in the hard sciences. !his

    resemblance gives social research more legitimacy, making it seem more like social physics and

    less like social philosophy or political ideology.

    2. +estin and Refinin +heories

    Page | 4

    http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#1http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#2http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#3http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#4http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#5http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#6http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#7http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#2http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#3http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#4http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#5http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#6http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#7http://poli.haifa.ac.il/~levi/res/mgsr1.htm#1

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    5/32

    A primary goal of social research is to improve and expand the pool of ideas known as theories

     by testing their implications and to refine their power to explain. !esting is carried by deriving

    hypotheses from theories and the implications of these theories are then tested with data that bear 

    directly on the hypotheses. *deas and hypotheses that fail to receive support gradually lose their 

    appeal, while those that are supported more consistently gain greater stature in the pool. !esting

    theories can also serve to refine them. &y working through the implications of a theory and then

    testing this refinement, it is possible to progressively improve and elaborate a set of ideas.

    !. 'a0in 3redictions

    +hile social researchers use theories to derive ;predications; about what they expect to find in a

    set of data, they also use accumulated social scientific knowledge to make predictions about the

    future. $onsider the following example< Research indicates that ethnic conflict tends to increase

    when the supply of economic rewards and resources decreases. !hus, a social scientist would

     predict increased ethnic tension in an ethnically diverse country that has %ust experienced a

    serious economic downturn. 1rediction is often considered the highest goal of science. +e

    accumulate knowledge so that we can anticipate things to come.

    #. Interpretin Culturall" or 4istoricall" inificant 3henomena

    =nowledge of general patterns is not the only kind of valuable knowledge, however, especially

    when it comes to understanding social life. *n the social sciences, knowledge of specific

    situations and events, even if they are atypical is also highly valued. !he significance of most

    historical phenomena derives from their atypically, the fact that he are dramatically non"routine,

    and form their impact on who we are today.

    %. E*plorin Di/ersit"

    Another ma%or goal of social research is to explore and comprehend the social diversity that

    surrounds us. +hile this goal may seem similar to the goal of identifying general patterns, and

    does complement it in some respects, it is quite different. (or example, one general pattern is that

    education and economic development tend to go together countries with better schools and

    higher literacy rates tend to be richer. >owever, the fact that a general pattern exists doesn?t meanthat there aren?t important and interesting exceptions. #ome poor countries have well"developed

    educational systems and very high literacy rates and some rich countries have poorly developed

    schools and surprisingly low levels of literacy.

    &. i/in 5oice

    Page | 5

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    6/32

    #ometimes the goal of exploring diversity is taken one step further, and the researcher studies a

    group not simply to learn more about it, but also to contribute to its having an expressed voice in

    society. *n research of this type, the ob%ective is not only to increase the stock of knowledge

    about different types, forms, and processes of social life, but to tell the story of specific groups,

    usually in a way that enhances its visibility in society.

    8ery often the groups studies in this way are marginal groups, outside the social mainstream.

    !his approach to social research asserts that every group in society has a ;story to tell;.

    (. $d/ancin 6e, +heories

    0any different kinds of social research advance theory, even research that seeks to interpret

    historical or cultural significance. !he testing of theories @goal also advances theory in the

    limited sense that these tests indicate which theoretical ideas have more support as explanations

    of social life. !he goal of advancing theory as it used here, however, involves more than

    assessing and refining existing ideas. +hen theory is advanced, ideas are elaborated in some new

    way. !o advance theory it is not necessary to come up with a complete model of society or even

    some part of it. !he development of new ideas and new concepts is the most that research

    seeking to advance theory usually accomplishes.

    +hile the deduction"versus"induction distinction is a simple and appealing way to differentiate

    kinds of social research, most research includes elements of both. (or this reason some

     philosophers of science argue that all research involves retroduction " the interplay of induction

    and deduction. *t is impossible to do research without some initial ideas, even if the goal is to

    give voice to research sub%ects. !hus, almost all research has at least an element of deduction.#imilarly, almost all research can be used to advance theory in some way. After all, social

    theories are vague and imprecise. 4very test of a theory refines it, whether or not the test is

    supportive. Research involves retroduction because there is typically a dialogue of ideas and

    evidence in social research

    B. tate and e*plain the o)7ecti/es of research?

    A. !he ultimate aim of research is to generate measurable and testable data, gradually adding to

    the accumulation of human knowledge. Ancient philosophers believed that all answers could be

    achieved through deduction  and reasoning rather than measurement. #cience now usesestablished research methods and standard protocols to test theories thoroughly. *t is important to

    remember that science and  philosophy are intertwined and are essential elements of human

    advancement, both contributing to the way we view the world. #cientific research, however,

    allows us to test hypotheses and lay solid foundations for future research and study.

     :o theory or hypothesis can ever be completely proved or disproved, but research enables us to

    make valid assumptions about the universe.

    Page | 6

    https://explorable.com/deductive-reasoninghttps://explorable.com/scientific-reasoninghttps://explorable.com/scientific-measurementshttps://explorable.com/research-methodologyhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/philosophy-of-sciencehttps://explorable.com/what-is-the-scientific-methodhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/truth-and-theoryhttps://explorable.com/truth-and-theoryhttps://explorable.com/research-hypothesishttps://explorable.com/deductive-reasoninghttps://explorable.com/scientific-reasoninghttps://explorable.com/scientific-measurementshttps://explorable.com/research-methodologyhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/philosophy-of-sciencehttps://explorable.com/what-is-the-scientific-methodhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/truth-and-theoryhttps://explorable.com/research-hypothesis

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    7/32

    1. Observation and Description

    !he first stage of any research is to observe the world around us and to ask questions about why things

    are happening. 4very phenomenon in the universe has a reason behind it, and the aims of research are to

    understand and evaluate what is happening. >owever simple the phenomenon or however easy it appears

    to be to generate logical and intuitive answers, scientific research demands rigorous testing for a truth to

     be accepted. 5escribing the overall behavior of the sub%ect is the first stage of any research, whether it is

    a case study or a full"blown ?true experimental design?.

    2. 3redict

    !his stage is where you must make a statement of intent and develop a strong hypothesis. !his

    must be testable, with aims of research being to prove or disprove this statement. At this stage,

    you may express your personal opinion, favoring one side or the other. Cou must make a

    statement predicting what you expect the final answer to be. Cou must, however, keep an open

    mind and understand that there is a chance that you may be wrong. Research is never about right

    or wrong but about arriving at an answer, which improves our knowledge of natural processes.

    !. Determination of the Causes

    Page | 7

    https://explorable.com/scientific-observationhttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/case-study-research-designhttps://explorable.com/case-study-research-designhttps://explorable.com/true-experimental-designhttps://explorable.com/true-experimental-designhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/testabilityhttps://explorable.com/testabilityhttps://explorable.com/testabilityhttps://explorable.com/research-paper-questionhttps://explorable.com/prediction-in-researchhttps://explorable.com/scientific-observationhttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/case-study-research-designhttps://explorable.com/true-experimental-designhttps://explorable.com/hypothesis-testinghttps://explorable.com/testabilityhttps://explorable.com/research-paper-questionhttps://explorable.com/prediction-in-research

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    8/32

    !his is often the ?business end? for many areas of scientific research and is where one of 

    the predictions is tested, usually by manipulating and controlling variables. !he idea is to

    generate numerical data that can determine the cause with one of the many statistical tests. (or 

    example, a small"scale global warming study might study Antarctic ice cores to determine the

    historical levels of carbon dioxide throughout history. *n this experiment, time would be the

    manipulated variable, showing how levels of the greenhouse gas have changed over time.

    Statistical procedures are then utilized to either prove or disprove the hypothesis and

     prediction.)f course, very little research gives such a black and white answer, but opens up new

    areas of potential study and allows scientists to focus on a specific direction.

    #. E*planation

    After determining the causes, the next layer of the research process is to try to find possible

    explanations of ?+hyD? and ?>owD? things are happening. (or most areas, this stage involves

    sifting through and reviewing earlier studies about similar phenomena. 0ost research is built

    upon the work of previous researchers, so there should be a wealth of  literature resourcesavailable. *f we look at a topical example, 7lobal +arming is an area with which most of us are

    familiar and has been the sub%ect of thousands of studies. *ntuitively, most of us would state that

    humanity pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is responsible for a worldwide rise in

    temperatures.

    !he aims of research may be to establish ?+hat are the underlying causes and relationships

     between the different processes fueling this trendD? *n most cases, it is necessary to review earlier 

    research and try to separate the better quality sources from the inaccurate or poorly designed

    studies. *t is equally important to take into account any opposing points of view and accept that

    they may be equally valid. 4xplanation is about coming up with viable reasons and you must tryto be as ob%ective and unbiased as possible.

    B. What are the t"pes of research?

    A. Research can be classified in many different ways on the basis of the methodology of 

    research" the knowledge it creates, the user group, the research problem it investigates etc .

    8$IC REE$RC4

    !he research is done for knowledge enhancement and does not have immediate commercial

     potential" for human welfare, animal welfare and plant kingdom welfare. *t is called basic, pure

    and fundamental research. !he main motivation is to expand man?s knowledge, not to create or 

    invent something. !here is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic

    research. &asic research lay down the foundation for the applied research. 5r.7.#moot says

    Page | 8

    https://explorable.com/prediction-in-researchhttps://explorable.com/independent-variablehttps://explorable.com/controlled-variableshttps://explorable.com/controlled-variableshttps://explorable.com/cause-and-effecthttps://explorable.com/cause-and-effecthttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/what-is-a-literature-reviewhttps://explorable.com/what-is-a-literature-reviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_methodhttps://explorable.com/research-biashttps://explorable.com/prediction-in-researchhttps://explorable.com/independent-variablehttps://explorable.com/controlled-variableshttps://explorable.com/cause-and-effecthttps://explorable.com/what-is-researchhttps://explorable.com/what-is-a-literature-reviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_methodhttps://explorable.com/research-bias

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    9/32

    Epeople cannot foresee the future well enough to predict what is going to develop from the basic

    researchF 4.g.

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    10/32

    !he process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides fundamental

    connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative

    relationships. #tatistics is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research.

    #tatistical methods are used extensively with in fields such as economics and commerce.

    Buantitative research involving the use of structured questions, where the response options have

     been 1re"determined and large number of respondents is involved. eg

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    11/32

    8. >istorical research

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    12/32

    /. 0ost of the business units in our country do not have the confidence that the material supplied

     by them to researchers will not be misused and as such they are often reluctant in supplying the

    needed information to researchers. !he concept of secrecy seems to be sacrosanct to business

    organisations in the country so much so that it proves an impermeable barrier to researchers.

    !hus, there is the need for generating the confidence that the informationKdata obtained from a

     business unit will not be misused.

     2. Research studies overlapping one another are undertaken quite often for want of adequate

    information. !his results in duplication and fritters away resources. !his problem can be solved

     by proper compilation and revision, at regular intervals, of a list of sub%ects on which and the

     places where the research is going on. 5ue attention should be given toward identification of 

    research problems in various disciplines of applied science which are of immediate concern to

    the industries.

    3. !here does not exist a code of conduct for researchers and inter"university and

    interdepartmental rivalries are also quite common. >ence, there is need for developing a code of 

    conduct for researchers which, if adhered sincerely, can win over this problem.

    6. 0any researchers in our country also face the difficulty of adequate and timely secretarial

    assistance, including computerial assistance. !his causes unnecessary delays in the completion of 

    research studies. All possible efforts are made in this direction so that efficient secretarial

    assistance is made available to researchers and that too well in time. Gniversity 7rants

    $ommission must play a dynamic role in solving this difficulty.

    9. Mibrary management and functioning is not satisfactory at many places and much of the timeand energy of researchers are spent in tracing out the books, %ournals, reports, etc., rather than in

    tracing out relevant material from them.

    I. !here is also the difficulty of timely availability of published data from various government

    and other agencies doing this %ob in our country. Researcher also faces the problem on account of 

    the fact that the published data vary quite significantly because of differences in coverage by the

    concerning agencies.

    J. !here may, at times, take place the problem of conceptualization and also problems relating to

    the process of data collection and related things.

    Page | 12

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    13/32

    Chapter 2: Research methodolo"

    B. E*plain Research methodolo"9 research methods and techniues.

    A. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. *t may be

    understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. *n it we study the various

    steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the

    logic behind them. *t is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research

    methodsKtechniques but also the methodology. Researchers not only need to know how to

    develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean, the mode, the median or the standard

    deviation or chi"square, how to apply particular research techniques, but they also need to know

    which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they mean

    and indicate and why. Researchers also need to understand the assumptions underlying varioustechniques and they need to know the criteria by which they can decide that certain techniques

    and procedures will be applicable to certain problems and others will not. All this means that it is

    necessary for the researcher to design his methodology for his problem as the same may differ 

    from problem to problem. (or example, an architect, who designs a building, has to consciously

    evaluate the basis of his decisions, i.e., he has to evaluate why and on what basis he selects

     particular size, number and location of doors, windows and ventilators, uses particular materials

    and not others and the like. #imilarly, in research the scientist has to expose the research

    decisions to evaluation before they are implemented. >e has to specify very clearly and precisely

    what decisions he selects and why he selects them so that they can be evaluated by others also.

    Research methods or techniques, thus, refer to the methods the researchers use in performing

    research operations. *n other words, all those methods which are used by the researcher during

    the course of studying his research problem are termed as research methods. #ince the ob%ect of 

    research, particularly the applied research, it to arrive at a solution for a given problem, the

    available data and the unknown aspects of the problem have to be related to each other to make a

    Page | 13

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    14/32

    solution possible. =eeping this in view, research methods can be put into the following three

    groups<

    • *n the first group we include those methods which are concerned with the collection of 

    data. !hese methods will be used where the data already available are not sufficient to

    arrive at the required solution

    • !he second group consists of those statistical techniques which are used for establishing

    relationships between the data and the unknowns /.

    • !he third group consists of those methods which are used to evaluate the accuracy of the

    results obtained.

    Research techniques refer to the behaviour and instruments we use in performing research

    operations such as making observations, recording data, techniques of processing data and the

    like.

    B. What is scientific method of research and its reuisitesD

    A. !he scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new

    knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. !o be termed scientific, a method

    of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or  measurable evidence sub%ect to specific principles

    of reasoning. !he )xford 4nglish 5ictionary defines the scientific method as ;a method or 

     procedure that has characterized natural science since the -9th century, consisting in systematic

    observation, measurement, and experiment,   and the formulation, testing, and modificationof hypotheses.;

    !he scientific method is an ongoing process, which usually begins with observations about the

    natural world. >uman beings are naturally inquisitive, so they often come up with questions

    about things they see or hear and often develop ideas @hypotheses about why things are the way

    they are. !he best hypotheses lead to predictions that can be tested in various ways, including

    making further observations about nature. *n general, the strongest tests of hypotheses come

    from carefully controlled and replicated experiments that gather empirical data. 5epending on

    how well the tests match the predictions, the original hypothesis may require refinement,

    alteration, expansion or even re%ection. *f a particular hypothesis becomes very well supported ageneral theory may be developed.

    +hatever may be the types of research works and studies, one thing that is important is that they

    all meet on the common ground of scientific method employed by them. )ne expects scientific

    research to satisfy the following criteria<

    Page | 14

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_techniquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_techniquehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    15/32

    -. !he purpose of the research should be clearly defined and common concepts be used.

    . !he research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another 

    researcher to repeat the research for further advancement, keeping the continuity of what has

    already been attained.

    /. !he procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that are as

    ob%ective as possible.

    2. !he researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural design and estimate

    their effects upon the findings.

    3. !he analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods

    of analysis used should be appropriate. !he validity and reliability of the data should be checked

    carefully.

    6. $onclusions should be confined to those %ustified by the data of the research and limited to

    those for which the data provide an adequate basis.

    9. 7reater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good

    reputation in research and is a person of integrity.

     *n other words, we can state the requisites of a good research as under<

    -. ood research is s"stematic< *t means that research is structured with specified steps to be

    taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well defined set of rules. #ystematic

    characteristic of the research does not rule out creative thinking but it certainly does re%ect the

    use of guessing and intuition in arriving at conclusions.

    . ood research is loical< !his implies that research is guided by the rules of logical reasoning

    and the logical process of induction and deduction are of great value in carrying out research.*nduction is the process of reasoning from a part to the whole whereas deduction is the process

    of reasoning from some premise to a conclusion which follows from that very premise. *n fact,

    logical reasoning makes research more meaningful in the context of decision making.

    /. ood research is empirical< *t implies that research is related basically to one or more

    aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity

    to research results.

    2. ood research is replica)le< !his characteristic allows research results to be verified by

    replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for decisions

    B. Descri)e the steps in scientific research process.

    A. !he overall process involves making con%ectures @hypotheses, deriving predictions from

    them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments based on those predictions to

    determine whether the original con%ecture was correct. !here are difficulties in a formulaic

    Page | 15

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjectureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjectureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjectureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjectureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecture

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    16/32

    statement of method, however. !hough the scientific method is often presented as a fixed

    sequence of steps, they are better considered as general principles. :ot all steps take place in

    every scientific inquiry @or to the same degree, and are not always in the same order. As noted

     by +illiam +hewell @-9J2'-I66, ;invention, sagacity, NandO genius; are required at every step.

    Formulation of a question

    !he question can refer to the explanation of a specific observation, as in ;+hy is the sky blueD;,

     but can also be open"ended, as in ;>ow can * design a drug to cure this particular diseaseD; !his

    stage frequently involves looking up and evaluating evidence from previous experiments,

     personal scientific observations or assertions, andKor the work of other scientists. *f the answer is

    already known, a different question that builds on the previous evidence can be posed. +hen

    applying the scientific method to scientific research, determining a good question can be very

    difficult and affects the final outcome of the investigation.

     Hypothesis

    A hypothesis is a con%ecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question, that

    may explain the observed behavior of a part of our universe. !he hypothesis might be very

    specific, e.g., 4instein?s equivalence principle or (rancis $rick ?s ;5:A makes R:A makes

     protein;, or it might be broad, e.g., unknown species of life dwell in the unexplored depths of the

    oceans. A statistical hypothesis is a con%ecture about some  population.   (or example, the

     population might be people with a particular disease. !he con%ecture might be that a new drug

    Page | 16

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whewellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_populationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_populationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whewellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_designhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_population

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    17/32

    will cure the disease in some of those people. !erms commonly associated with statistical

    hypotheses are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. A null hypothesis is the con%ecture that

    the statistical hypothesis is false, e.g., that the new drug does nothing and that any cures are due

    to chance effects. Researchers normally want to show that the null hypothesis is false. !he

    alternative hypothesis is the desired outcome, e.g., that the drug does better than chance. A final

     point< a scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning that one can identify a possible

    outcome of an experiment that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis

    otherwise, it cannot be meaningfully tested.

     Prediction

    !his step involves determining the logical consequences of the hypothesis. )ne or more

     predictions are then selected for further testing. !he more unlikely that a prediction would be

    correct simply by coincidence, then the more convincing it would be if the prediction were

    fulfilled evidence is also stronger if the answer to the prediction is not already known, due to the

    effects of hindsight bias @see also post diction. *deally, the prediction must also distinguish the

    hypothesis from likely alternatives if two hypotheses make the same prediction, observing the

     prediction to be correct is not evidence for either one over the other. @!hese statements about the

    relative strength of evidence can be mathematically derived using &ayes? !heorem.

    Testing 

    !his is an investigation of whether the real world behaves as predicted by the hypothesis.

    #cientists @and other people test hypotheses by conducting experiments. !he purpose of an

    experiment is to determine whether observations of the real world agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from an hypothesis. *f they agree, confidence in the hypothesis increases

    otherwise, it decreases. Agreement does not assure that the hypothesis is true future experiments

    may reveal problems. =arl 1opper  advised scientists to try to falsify hypotheses, i.e., to search

    for and test those experiments that seem most doubtful. Marge numbers of successful

    confirmations are not convincing if they arise from experiments that avoid risk.NIO 4xperiments

    should be designed to minimize possible errors, especially through the use of 

    appropriate scientific controls. (or example, tests of medical treatments are commonly run

    as double"blind tests.   !est personnel, who might unwittingly reveal to test sub%ects which

    samples are the desired test drugs and which are  placebos, are kept ignorant of which are which.

    #uch hints can bias the responses of the test sub%ects. (urthermore, failure of an experiment doesnot necessarily mean the hypothesis is false. 4xperiments always depend on several hypotheses,

    e.g., that the test equipment is working properly, and a failure may be a failure of one of the

    auxiliary hypotheses. @#ee the 5uhem"Buine thesis. 4xperiments can be conducted in a college

    lab, on a kitchen table, at $4R:?s Marge >adron $ollider , at the bottom of an ocean, on 0ars

    @using one of the working rovers, and so on. Astronomers do experiments, searching for planets

    around distant stars. (inally, most individual experiments address highly specific topics for 

    Page | 17

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindsight_biashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postdictionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_Theoremhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method#cite_note-ReferenceA-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_controlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhem-Quine_thesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Colliderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_roverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_roverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindsight_biashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postdictionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_Theoremhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popperhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method#cite_note-ReferenceA-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_controlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trialshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhem-Quine_thesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Colliderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_rover

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    18/32

    reasons of practicality. As a result, evidence about broader topics is usually accumulated

    gradually.

     Analysis

    !his involves determining what the results of the experiment show and deciding on the nextactions to take. !he predictions of the hypothesis are compared to those of the null hypothesis, to

    determine which is better able to explain the data. *n cases where an experiment is repeated

    many times, a statistical analysis such as a chi"squared test may be required. *f the evidence has

    falsified the hypothesis, a new hypothesis is required if the experiment supports the hypothesis

     but the evidence is not strong enough for high confidence, other predictions from the hypothesis

    must be tested. )nce a hypothesis is strongly supported by evidence, a new question can be

    asked to provide further insight on the same topic. 4vidence from other scientists and experience

    are frequently incorporated at any stage in the process. 5epending on the complexity of the

    experiment, much iteration may be required to gather sufficient evidence to answer a question

    with confidence, or to build up many answers to highly specific questions in order to answer a

    single broader question.

    Q. What is h"pothesis and mention its importance?

    A.  A hypothesis is a con%ecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question,

    that may explain the observed behavior of a part of our universe. !he hypothesis might be very

    specific, e.g., 4instein?s equivalence principle or (rancis $rick ?s ;5:A makes R:A makes

     protein;, or it might be broad, e.g., unknown species of life dwell in the unexplored depths of theoceans. A statistical hypothesis is a con%ecture about some  population.   (or example, the

     population might be people with a particular disease. !he con%ecture might be that a new drug

    will cure the disease in some of those people. !erms commonly associated with statistical

    hypotheses are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. A null hypothesis is the con%ecture that

    the statistical hypothesis is false, e.g., that the new drug does nothing and that any cures are due

    to chance effects. Researchers normally want to show that the null hypothesis is false. !he

    alternative hypothesis is the desired outcome, e.g., that the drug does better than chance. A final

     point< a scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable, meaning that one can identify a possible

    outcome of an experiment that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis

    otherwise, it cannot be meaningfully tested.

    !he research process begins and ends with the hypothesis. *t is core to the entire procedure and,

    therefore, is of the utmost importance. A hypothesis can be formulated in several ways yet it

    always performs the basic function of predicting the final outcome of the investigation. !he

    hypothesis usually occurs after inductive reasoning, in which the researcher performs a series of 

    observations in order to form a theory.

    Page | 18

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_testhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_testhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_populationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_populationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_testhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crickhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing#Definition_of_termshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_populationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiable

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    19/32

    P !urn your ideas into a research question.

    P Review the literature.

    P 5esign the study and develop your method@s.

    P +riting your research proposal.

    P *ssues about funding.

    P )btain ethical and trust approval.

    P $ollect and collate the data.

    P Analyze the data and interpret findings.

    P *mplications of your research for clinical practice.

    P Report on the study and disseminate the findings.

    A hypothesis ensures the entire research process remains scientific and reliable, following the

     principles of deduction. !he hypothetico"deductive model was first proposed by =arl

    1opper who suggested that theories about the world should come first and these should be usedto generate hypothesis which can be falsified by the empirical data produced by observations and

    experiments.

    !hough hypotheses are essential during the research process, it can produce complications with

    regards to probability, significance and !ype * "!ype ** errors. A !ype * error occurs when p value

    is too large and the null hypothesis is falsely re%ected and the research hypothesis is falsely

    accepted. A !ype ** error occurs when the researcher falsely accepts the null hypothesis and

    falsely re%ects the research hypothesis as p value is too small. !o confirm, a null hypothesis is

    only used with statistics and claims there is no variation or difference between variables.

    B. What are the different t"pes of h"pothesis?

    A. As mentioned previously, a hypothesis is a tool of quantitative studies. *t is a tentative and

    formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables in the population

     being studied, and the hypothesis translates the research question into a prediction of 

    expected outcomes. #o a hypothesis is a statement about the relationship between two or 

    more variables that we set out to prove or disprove in our research. study.

    A hypothesis should be<

    •  stated clearly using appropriate terminology

    •  testable

    Page | 1

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    20/32

    •  a statement of relationships between variables

    •  limited in scope @focused.

     +"pes of h"potheses

    !here are different types of hypotheses<

    • imple h"pothesis " this predicts the relationship between a single independent variable

    @*8 and a single dependent variable @58 where *8 Q independent variable and 58 Q

    dependent variable

    • Comple* h"pothesis " this predicts the relationship between two or more independent

    variables and two or more dependent variables.

     >ypotheses can be stated in various ways as long as the researcher specifies or implies the

    relationship that will be tested.

    •  Directional h"potheses

    !hese are usually derived from theory. !hey may imply that the researcher is intellectually

    committed to a particular outcome. !hey specify the expected direction of the relationship

     between variables i.e. the researcher predicts not only the existence of a relationship but also its

    nature.

    •  6on-directional h"potheses

    Gsed when there is little or no theory, or when findings of previous studies are contradictory.

    !hey may imply impartiality. 5o not stipulate the direction of the relationship.

     $ssociati/e and causal h"potheses

    Page | 2!

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    21/32

    •  Associative hypotheses

    1ropose relationships between variables " when one variable changes, the other changes. 5o not

    indicate cause and effect.

    •  $ausal hypotheses

    1ropose a cause and effect interaction between two or more variables. !he independent variable

    is manipulated to cause effect on the dependent variable. !he dependent variable is measured to

    examine the effect created by the independent variable.

    •  6ull h"potheses

    !hese are used when the researcher believes there is no relationship between two variables or 

    when there is inadequate theoretical or empirical information to state a research hypothesis :ull

    hypotheses can be< simple or complex associative or causal.

    •  +esta)le h"potheses

    $ontain variables that are measurable or able to be manipulated. !hey need to predict a

    relationship that can be ?supported? or ?not supported? based on data collection and analysis.

    B. ources of de/elopin h"pothesis?

    A. )nce you have identified you research question, it is time to formulate your hypothesis. +hile

    the research question is broad and includes all the variables you want your study to consider, the

    hypothesis is a statement that specific relationship you expect to find from your examination of 

    these variables. +hen formulating the hypothesis@es for your study, there are a few things you

    need to keep in mind. 7ood hypotheses meet the following criteria<

    • *dentify the independent and dependent variables to be studied.

    • #pecify the nature of the relationship that exists between these variables.

    • #imple @often referred to as parsimonious. *t is better to be concise than to be long"

    winded. *t is also better to have several simple hypotheses than one complicated

    hypothesis.

    • 5oes not include reference to specific measures.

    Page | 21

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    22/32

    • 5oes not refer to specific statistical procedures that will be used in analysis.

    • *mplies the population that you are going to study.

    • *s falsifiable and testable.

    As indicated above, it is better to have several simple hypotheses than one complex one.

    >owever, it is also a good idea to limit the number of hypotheses you use in a study to six or fewer. #tudies that address more hypotheses than six will often be too time consuming to keep

     participants interested, and uninterested participants do not take the importance of their 

    responses as seriously. Another advantage to limiting the number of formal hypotheses you

    formulate is that too many can make the discussion section of your paper very hard to write.

    *t is important to remember that you do not have to have a formal hypothesis to %ustify all

    comparisons and statistical procedures you might use. (or instance, it is only when you start

    doing exploratory analysis of your data that you realize that gender is an influencing factor. Cou

    do not have to back up and write a hypothesis that addresses this finding. *n fact, it is better in

    most cases to not do this. Cou can report any statistical findings you feel are relevant, whether or not you have a hypothesis that addressed them.

    !he final criterion listed above warrants additional mention. A good hypothesis is not only

    testable, that is, something you can actually test for in your study, but is must also be falsifiable.

    *t is tempting to ignore this requirement, especially as a new researcher. +e want so badly to find

    great things, and for our study to turn out exactly as we expect it to, that we tend to ignore the

     possibility that we dont know everything and that no prediction is failsafe when it comes to

    humans. !ry to keep in mind that all research is relevant. +hether or not your findings are what

    you expect, you will find something. &elieve it or not, failing to find group differences can be

     %ust as important as finding expected group differences. *n fact, studies that return results inopposition to what we were hoping for, or believed would logically occur, often lead to many

    more great studies than we could have hoped for. After all, it could be great for the findings of 

    your current research to act as a guiding principal to your future research it is likely that this

    would require less work in terms of literature review, as you would always be familiar with at

    least a portion of the literature that is relevant to your latest studyS

    Page | 22

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    23/32

    Chapter !: Compan" sur/e"

    Compan" 3rofile

    Esta)lished in 1;(, the 7odre% 7roup has its roots in *ndia?s #wadeshi movement. !he

    founder9 $rdeshir odre7, lawyer"turned"serial entrepreneur failed with a few businesses,

     before he struck gold with the locks business that you know today. )ne of *ndias most trusted

     brands, with revenues of G#5 2.- billion, 7odre% en7o"s the patronae of o/er &

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    24/32

    and #outh America, Asia, 4urope, Australia and Africa, and it leads the *ndian market in the

     production of fatty acids, fatty alcohols and A)#.

    !he $ompany operates from its factories at the following locations.

    • Ambernath, 0ahrashtra

    • 8alia, 7u%arat• +adala, 0aharashtra

    7odre% U &oyce 0anufacturing $ompany Mimited and 7odre% (amily members are the

    1romoters of the $ompany and the shareholding of promoterKpromoter group constitutes 92.I/V

    of the paid up capital of the $ompany as at 0arch /-, H-3.

    =inancial data for IL tandalone:

    (C H-2"-3 W $rore

    !otal *ncome -6J-.I9 :et 1rofit after taxes -2I.I-

    !otal assets 29H.99

    1aid up $apital //.3J

    0arket capitalization @as on 0arch /-, H-3 --6H-./6

    Page | 24

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    25/32

    CR 3olic"

    1. 3ream)le

    At 7odre% *ndustries Mimited @7*M, they are committed to the 7odre% 7roups ‘7ood U 7reen

    vision of creating a more inclusive and greener *ndia. !heir strategic $orporate #ocial

    Responsibility @$#R initiatives actively work towards the 7ood U 7reen 7oals and have helped

    them carve out a reputation for being one of the most socially and environmentally responsible

    companies in *ndia.

    2. 3urpose

    !he key purpose of this policy is to<

    P 5efine what $#R means to them and the approach adopted to achieve 7ood U 7reen goals

    P 5efine the kind of pro%ects that will come under the ambit of $#R

    P *dentify broad areas of intervention in which the company will undertake pro%ects

    P #erve as a guiding document to help execute and monitor $#R pro%ects

    P 4lucidate criteria for partner implementation agencies

    P 4xplain the manner in which the surpluses from $#R pro%ects will be treated

    !. 3olic" tatement

    !he $#R 1olicy focuses on addressing critical social, environmental and economic needs of the

    marginalizedKunderprivileged sections of the society. !hrough this policy, they align their $#R 

    strategy with the 7odre% groups 7ood U 7reen vision and goals. !hey adopt an approach that

    integrates the solutions to these problems into the strategies of the company to benefit the

    communities at large and create social and environmental impact.

    #. cope of CR acti/ities in IL

    As a practice, they classify only those pro%ects that are over and above their normal course of 

     business as $#R. !his policy applies to all their $#R pro%ects and it will be further reviewed and

    updated.

    #.1 6ormal Course of 8usiness

    7*M manufactures industrial chemicals that are used for a variety of product categories, ranging

    from cosmetics and tyres to pharmaceuticals and toothpastes. !hey are the countrys leading

    manufacturer of )leo chemicals U #urfactants. !hey pride themselves for delivering high quality

     products at competitive prices in several countries. !heir differentiated manufacturing processes

    and supply chains enable them to be the preferred supplier of chemicals to many markets in *ndia

    Page | 25

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    26/32

    and abroad. As a company, they are committed to providing quality products to their customers,

    creating economic value for all their shareholders, and they assign high priority to ensuring that

    they fulfill all regulatory requirements

    Page | 26

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    27/32

    %. ood > reen oals of odre7

    &y HH, the 7roup aspires to create a more employable *ndian workforce, build a greener *ndia,

    and innovate for ‘good and ‘green products. !he 7odre% groups 7ood U 7reen goals for HH

    are<

    P !rain - million rural and urban youth in skills that enhance their earning potential through

    employability training programs

    P Achieve zero waste to landfill, carbon neutrality, a positive water balance, /HV reduction in

    specific energy consumption, increase utilization of renewable energy sources through the

    7reener *ndia pro%ects

    P 7enerate a third of our portfolio revenues from ‘good andKor ‘green products and services ' 

    defined as products that are environmentally superior or addresses a critical social issue @e.g.,

    health, sanitation, disease prevention for consumers at the bottom of the income pyramid

    !heir $#R policy contributes to the 7roup"wide goals of 7odre% by adopting pro%ects in the

    following areas of intervention defined in #chedule 8**<

    • livelihood enhancement pro%ects

    • ensuring environmental sustainability

    •  promoting education

    • others as maybe identified in the future

    &. e" focus areas of ood > reen in IL

    &.1 Emplo"a)ilit"

    *ndia has 6HH million people below the age of 3 out of which only IH million @-/V are

    employable. Recognizing the seriousness of this problem, 7*M has undertaken pro%ects that

    impart training to enhance the employment potential of underprivileged students by equipping

    them with core technical skills and safety inputs while providing them with a broader industry

     perspective.

    &.2 reener India

    !hey recognize the fact that in order to truly embed sustainability into their business, it is crucial

    for them to manage and reduce the environmental impacts of their operations. !he 7reener *ndia

    initiative aims to do this through its innovative pro%ects that focus on achieving 3 time"bound

    goals linked to the environmental performance of the company.

    &.! Inno/atin for ood > reen

    Page | 27

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    28/32

    !hey define a ‘7ood productKservice as one which addresses a critical issue for marginalized

    sections of society. !he issue addressed could be related to health, hygiene, water, sanitation,

    housing, education or livelihoods. A ‘7reen productKservice is that which reduces energy, 7>7

    emissions, water or material consumption, eliminates toxic materials or uses recyclable,

    renewable andKor natural material.

    !hey continuously undertake efforts to develop good and green products or services. Research U

    5evelopment activities support incubation and innovation.

    &.# 8rihter i/in

    !hey place great emphasis on including their employees in $#R initiatives. !o this end, &righter 

    7iving has been launched as a structured employee volunteering programme that provides their 

    employees the flexibility to leverage their skills and volunteer for the cause they are passionate

    about. A typical &righter 7iving pro%ect helps address a non"profit organizations specific needs.

    (. o/ernance tructure

    !hey have constituted a robust and transparent governance structure to oversee the

    implementation of their $#R 1olicy, in compliance with the requirements of #ection -/3 of the

    $ompanies Act, H-/.

    (.1 8oard-le/el CR Committee

    At 7*M, their $#R governance structure will be headed by the &oard Mevel $#R committee that

    will be ultimately responsible for the $#R pro%ects undertaken. !he committee will report to

    their &oard of 5irectors.

    (.1.1 'em)ers

    • 0r. :. &. 7odre%

    • 0s. !. A. 5ubash

    • 0r. =. :. 1etigara

    • 0r. Amit &. $houdhary

    (.1.2 Responsi)ilities

    • (ormulate and update their $#R 1olicy, which will be approved by the &oard of 7*M

    • #uggest areas of intervention to the &oard of 7*M

    • Approve pro%ects that are in line with the $#R policy

    • 1ut monitoring mechanisms in place to track the progress of each pro%ect

    • Recommend the $#R expenditure to the &oard of 7*M who will approve it

    • 0eet at least twice a year to review the progress made

    Page | 28

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    29/32

    (.2 Reportin )" ood > reen +eam

    !he 7ood U 7reen !eam and the business teams will report K give feedback to the $#R 

    $ommittee for all $#R pro%ects undertaken.

    . CR 8udet

    !he total budget for the $#R pro%ects will be decided by the $#R $ommittee.

    ;. +reatment of urpluses

    Any surplus generated from $#R pro%ects undertaken by them will be tracked and channelized

    into their $#R corpus. !hese funds will be further used in development of the $#R pro%ects and

    will not be added to the normal business profits

    8usiness responsi)ilit" report

    ustaina)ilit" efforts )" +he odre7 roup

    “We make a LIVING by what we get, We make a LIFE by what WE GIVE.”- Sir Winston

    h!r"hi## 

    !he 7odre% 7roup has always been at the forefront of philanthropic and social activities for 

    several decades. At 7odre%, the belief is that as organization grows in size and scale they must

     play an active role in public welfare and look beyond business interests and support the well"

     being of the society at large. 3V of the shares of the 7odre% 7roups holding company 7odre%

    U &oyce are held in a trust that invests back in initiatives that support the environment, and

    improves the quality and availability of healthcare and education.

    Page | 2

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    30/32

    7odre% *ndustries Mimited, part of the larger 7odre% 7roup shares the groups environmental,

     philanthropic and social ideologies and has been successfully able to VIS$%LI&E, S'%('EGISE 

     %N) %'$%LI&E its sustainability and social initiative.

    5isuali@in > stratei@in sustaina)ilit" it its core /ision

    !he 7roups desire and commitment to subservice the social and environmental needs of the

    country made them go a step ahead in the year H-- when they embedded the E7odre% 7ood U

    7reen *nitiativeF as a part of groups HH 8ision and #trategy. !his vision is founded on shared

    value initiatives and aims to create societal value by"

    Page | 3!

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    31/32

    +heir 7ourne"

    E+e are proud to share that 7odre% *ndustries was appreciated for its varied initiatives on

    creating shared value by being awarded the 1orter 1rize in )ctober H-/. !he 1orter 1rize

    named after the renowned thinker and (ather of the modern strategic field 1rofessor 0ichael 4.

    1orter recognizes the strategic acumen of corporate and leaders who have epitomized the spirit of 

    corporate governance, and stood apart by creating value. !he central premise behind creating

    shared value is that the competitiveness of a company and the health of the communities around

    it are mutually dependent. Recognizing and capitalizing on these connections between societal

    and economic progress has the power to unleash the next wave of global growth and to redefine

    capitalism.F

    A2 reen

    2

  • 8/20/2019 Godrej Rm Hard Ccopy

    32/32

    8i)lioraph"

    • http4#*#X()R0GMA!*):• http